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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Caliskan Y, Lentine KL, Edwards JC. Renin angiotensin system-induced muscle wasting: putative mechanisms and implications for clinicians. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8. [PMID: 38811433 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) alters various mechanisms related to muscle wasting. The RAS system consists of classical and non-classical pathways, which mostly function differently. Classical RAS pathway, operates through angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin type 1 receptors, is associated with muscle wasting and sarcopenia. On the other hand, the non-classical RAS pathway, which operates through angiotensin 1-7 and Mas receptor, is protective against sarcopenia. The classical RAS pathway might induce muscle wasting by variety of mechanisms. AngII reduces body weight, via reduction in food intake, possibly by decreasing hypothalamic expression of orexin and neuropeptide Y, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signaling, AngII increases skeletal muscle proteolysis by forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), caspase activation and muscle RING-finger protein-1 transcription. Furthermore, AngII infusion in skeletal muscle reduces phospho-Bad (Ser136) expression and induces apoptosis through increased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Renin angiotensin system activation through AT1R and AngII stimulates tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 which induces muscle wasting, Last but not least classical RAS pathway, induce oxidative stress, disturb mitochondrial energy metabolism, and muscle satellite cells which all lead to muscle wasting and decrease muscle regeneration. On the contrary, the non-classical RAS pathway functions oppositely to mitigate these mechanisms and protects against muscle wasting. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RAS-induced muscle wasting and putative implications for clinical practice. We also emphasize the areas of uncertainties and suggest potential research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Edwards
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Nasb M, Li F, Dayoub L, Wu T, Wei M, Chen N. Bridging the gap: Integrating exercise mimicry into chronic disease management through suppressing chronic inflammation. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00176-0. [PMID: 38704088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a common hallmark of many chronic diseases. Although exercise holds paramount importance in preventing and managing chronic diseases, adherence to exercise programs can be challenging for some patients. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore alternative strategies to emulate the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise for chronic diseases. AIM OF REVIEW This review explores the emerging role of green tea bioactive components as potential mitigators of chronic inflammation, offering insights into their capacity to mimic the beneficial effects of exercise. We propose that bioactive components in green tea are promising agents for suppressing chronic inflammation, suggesting their unique capability to replicate the health benefits of exercise. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review focuses on several key concepts, including chronic inflammation and its role in chronic diseases, the anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise, and bioactive components in green tea responsible for its health benefits. It elaborates on scientific evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory properties of green tea bioactive components, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and theorizes how these bioactive components might replicate the effects of exercise at a molecular level. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research, this review proposes a novel perspective on the application of green tea as a potential intervention strategy to suppress chronic inflammation, thereby extending the benefits akin to those achieved through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasb
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fengxing Li
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lamis Dayoub
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Minhui Wei
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Bao Z, Cui C, Liu C, Long Y, Wong RMY, Chai S, Qin L, Rubin C, Yip BHK, Xu Z, Jiang Q, Chow SKH, Cheung WH. Prevention of age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration in sarcopenia by low-magnitude high-frequency vibration. Aging Cell 2024:e14156. [PMID: 38532712 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degeneration is one of pathological factors of sarcopenia. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was reported effective in alleviating the sarcopenia progress. However, no previous study has investigated treatment effects of LMHFV targeting NMJ degeneration in sarcopenia. We first compared morphological differences of NMJ between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects, as well as young and old C57BL/6 mice. We then systematically characterized the age-related degeneration of NMJ in SAMP8 against its control strain, SAMR1 mice, from 3 to 12 months old. We also investigated effects of LMHFV in SAMP8 on the maintenance of NMJ during the onset of sarcopenia with respect to the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK-Dok7 pathway and investigated the mechanism related to ERK1/2 signaling. We observed sarcopenic/old NMJ presented increased acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) cluster fragmentation and discontinuity than non-sarcopenic/young NMJ. In SAMP8, NMJ degeneration (morphologically at 6 months and functionally at 8 months) was observed associated with the sarcopenia onset (10 months). SAMR1 showed improved NMJ morphology and function compared with SAMP8 at 10 months. Skeletal muscle performance was improved at Month 4 post-LMHFV treatment. Vibration group presented improved NMJ function at Months 2 and 6 posttreatment, accompanied with alleviated morphological degeneration at Month 4 posttreatment. LMHFV increased Dok7 expression at Month 4 posttreatment. In vitro, LMHFV could promote AChRs clustering in myotubes by increasing Dok7 expression through suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, NMJ degeneration was observed associated with the sarcopenia onset in SAMP8. LMHFV may attenuate NMJ degeneration and sarcopenia progression by increasing Dok7 expression through suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Bao
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Cui
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Senlin Chai
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clinton Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Hon Kei Yip
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hesketh SJ. Advancing cancer cachexia diagnosis with -omics technology and exercise as molecular medicine. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:1-15. [PMID: 38463663 PMCID: PMC10918365 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy exacerbates disease outcomes and increases mortality, whereas the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and function play pivotal roles in ensuring long-term health and overall quality-of-life. Muscle atrophy represents a significant clinical challenge, involving the continued loss of muscle mass and strength, which frequently accompany the development of numerous types of cancer. Cancer cachexia is a highly prevalent multifactorial syndrome, and although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved management strategies for the disease. The etiology of this condition is based on the upregulation of systemic inflammation factors and catabolic stimuli, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of protein degradation. Numerous necessary cellular processes are disrupted by cachectic pathology, which mediate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in the net loss of muscle and organelles. However, the exact underpinning molecular mechanisms of how these changes are orchestrated are incompletely understood. Much work is still required, but structured exercise has the capacity to counteract numerous detrimental effects linked to cancer cachexia. Primarily through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and the release of myokines. As a result, muscle mass and strength increase, leading to improved mobility, and quality-of-life. This review summarises existing knowledge of the complex molecular networks that regulate cancer cachexia and exercise, highlighting the molecular interplay between the two for potential therapeutic intervention. Finally, the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is considered as a way of establishing early diagnostic biomarkers of cachectic patients.
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Raue U, Begue G, Minchev K, Jemiolo B, Gries KJ, Chambers T, Rubenstein A, Zaslavsky E, Sealfon SC, Trappe T, Trappe S. Fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome dynamics with lifelong endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:244-261. [PMID: 38095016 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00442.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome exercise dynamics among three groups of men: lifelong exercisers (LLE, n = 8, 74 ± 1 yr), old healthy nonexercisers (OH, n = 9, 75 ± 1 yr), and young exercisers (YE, n = 8, 25 ± 1 yr). On average, LLE had exercised ∼4 day·wk-1 for ∼8 h·wk-1 over 53 ± 2 years. Muscle biopsies were obtained pre- and 4 h postresistance exercise (3 × 10 knee extensions at 70% 1-RM). Fast and slow fiber size and function were assessed preexercise with fast and slow RNA-seq profiles examined pre- and postexercise. LLE fast fiber size was similar to OH, which was ∼30% smaller than YE (P < 0.05) with contractile function variables among groups, resulting in lower power in LLE (P < 0.05). LLE slow fibers were ∼30% larger and more powerful compared with YE and OH (P < 0.05). At the transcriptome level, fast fibers were more responsive to resistance exercise compared with slow fibers among all three cohorts (P < 0.05). Exercise induced a comprehensive biological response in fast fibers (P < 0.05) including transcription, signaling, skeletal muscle cell differentiation, and metabolism with vast differences among the groups. Fast fibers from YE exhibited a growth and metabolic signature, with LLE being primarily metabolic, and OH showing a strong stress-related response. In slow fibers, only LLE exhibited a biological response to exercise (P < 0.05), which was related to ketone and lipid metabolism. The divergent exercise transcriptome signatures provide novel insight into the molecular regulation in fast and slow fibers with age and exercise and suggest that the ∼5% weekly exercise time commitment of the lifelong exercisers provided a powerful investment for fast and slow muscle fiber metabolic health at the molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first insights into fast and slow muscle fiber transcriptome dynamics with lifelong endurance exercise. The fast fibers were more responsive to exercise with divergent transcriptome signatures among young exercisers (growth and metabolic), lifelong exercisers (metabolic), and old healthy nonexercisers (stress). Only lifelong exercisers had a biological response in slow fibers (metabolic). These data provide novel insights into fast and slow muscle fiber health at the molecular level with age and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Gwenaelle Begue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Bozena Jemiolo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Toby Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Aliza Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Todd Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
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6
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Peyton MP, Yang TY, Higgins L, Markowski TW, Murray K, Vue C, Parker LL, Lowe DA. Natural aging and ovariectomy induces parallel phosphoproteomic alterations in skeletal muscle of female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7362-7380. [PMID: 37580837 PMCID: PMC10457050 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle strength mid-life in females is associated with the decline of estrogen. Here, we questioned how estrogen deficiency might impact the overall skeletal muscle phosphoproteome after contraction, as force production induces phosphorylation of several muscle proteins. Phosphoproteomic analyses of the tibialis anterior muscle after contraction in two mouse models of estrogen deficiency, ovariectomy (Ovariectomized (Ovx) vs. Sham) and natural aging-induced ovarian senescence (Older Adult (OA) vs. Young Adult (YA)), identified a total of 2,593 and 3,507 phosphopeptides in Ovx/Sham and OA/YA datasets, respectively. Further analysis of estrogen deficiency-associated proteins and phosphosites identified 66 proteins and 21 phosphosites from both datasets. Of these, 4 estrogen deficiency-associated proteins and 4 estrogen deficiency-associated phosphosites were significant and differentially phosphorylated or regulated, respectively. Comparative analyses between Ovx/Sham and OA/YA using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) found parallel patterns of inhibition and activation across IPA-defined canonical signaling pathways and physiological functional analysis, which were similarly observed in downstream GO, KEGG, and Reactome pathway overrepresentation analysis pertaining to muscle structural integrity and contraction, including AMPK and calcium signaling. IPA Upstream regulator analysis identified MAPK1 and PRKACA as candidate kinases and calcineurin as a candidate phosphatase sensitive to estrogen. Our findings highlight key molecular signatures and pathways in contracted muscle suggesting that the similarities identified across both datasets could elucidate molecular mechanisms that may contribute to skeletal muscle strength loss due to estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina P. Peyton
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Todd W. Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kevin Murray
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cha Vue
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laurie L. Parker
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dawn A. Lowe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Martinez-Canton M, Galvan-Alvarez V, Garcia-Gonzalez E, Gallego-Selles A, Gelabert-Rebato M, Garcia-Perez G, Santana A, Lopez-Rios L, Vega-Morales T, Martin-Rincon M, Calbet JAL. A Mango Leaf Extract (Zynamite ®) Combined with Quercetin Has Exercise-Mimetic Properties in Human Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2023; 15:2848. [PMID: 37447175 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zynamite PX®, a mango leaf extract combined with quercetin, enhances exercise performance by unknown molecular mechanisms. Twenty-five volunteers were assigned to a control (17 males) or supplementation group (8 males, receiving 140 mg of Zynamite® + 140 mg quercetin/8 h for 2 days). Then, they performed incremental exercise to exhaustion (IE) followed by occlusion of the circulation in one leg for 60 s. Afterwards, the cuff was released, and a 30 s sprint was performed, followed by 90 s circulatory occlusion (same leg). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline, 20 s after IE (occluded leg) and 10 s after Wingate (occluded leg), and bilaterally at 90 s and 30 min post exercise. Compared to the controls, the Zynamite PX® group showed increased basal protein expression of Thr287-CaMKIIδD (2-fold, p = 0.007) and Ser9-GSK3β (1.3-fold, p = 0.005) and a non-significant increase of total NRF2 (1.7-fold, p = 0.099) and Ser40-NRF2 (1.2-fold, p = 0.061). In the controls, there was upregulation with exercise and recovery of total NRF2, catalase, glutathione reductase, and Thr287-CaMKIIδD (1.2-2.9-fold, all p < 0.05), which was not observed in the Zynamite PX® group. In conclusion, Zynamite PX® elicits muscle signaling changes in resting skeletal muscle resembling those described for exercise training and partly abrogates the stress kinases responses to exercise as observed in trained muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martinez-Canton
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Giovanni Garcia-Perez
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Rios
- Nektium Pharma, Las Mimosas 8, Agüimes, 35118 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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Esposito P, Verzola D, Saio M, Picciotto D, Frascio M, Laudon A, Zanetti V, Brunori G, Garibotto G, Viazzi F. The Contribution of Muscle Innate Immunity to Uremic Cachexia. Nutrients 2023; 15:2832. [PMID: 37447158 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a common complication both in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Of note, PEW is one of the stronger predictors of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The pathogenesis of PEW involves several mechanisms, including anorexia, insulin resistance, acidosis and low-grade inflammation. In addition, "sterile" muscle inflammation contributes to PEW at an advanced CKD stage. Both immune and resident muscle cells can activate innate immunity; thus, they have critical roles in triggering "sterile" tissue inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can detect endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns generated or retained in blood in uremia and induce a sterile muscle inflammatory response via NF-κB in myocytes. In addition, TLR4, though the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, links the sensing of metabolic uremic stress in muscle to the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which lead to the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, uremia-induced accelerated cell senescence is associated with a secretory phenotype that favors fibrosis in muscle. Targeting these innate immune pathways could lead to novel therapies for CKD-related PEW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Saio
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Frascio
- Division of Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Zanetti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Division of Nephrology, Ospedale Santa Chiara, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
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9
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Weakley J, Schoenfeld BJ, Ljungberg J, Halson SL, Phillips SM. Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 37171517 PMCID: PMC10182225 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training is a method of enhancing strength, gait speed, mobility, and health. However, the external load required to induce these benefits is a contentious issue. A growing body of evidence suggests that when lower load resistance training [i.e., loads < 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)] is completed within close proximity to concentric failure, it can serve as an effective alternative to traditional higher load (i.e., loads > 70% of 1RM) training and in many cases can promote similar or even superior physiological adaptations. Such findings are important given that confidence with external loads and access to training facilities and equipment are commonly cited barriers to regular resistance training. Here, we review some of the mechanisms and physiological changes in response to lower load resistance training. We also consider the evidence for applying lower loads for those at risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and those with reduced mobility. Finally, we provide practical recommendations, specifically that to maximize the benefits of lower load resistance training, high levels of effort and training in close proximity to concentric failure are required. Additionally, using lower loads 2-3 times per week with 3-4 sets per exercise, and loads no lower than 30% of 1RM can enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptations. Consequently, implementing lower load resistance training can be a beneficial and viable resistance training method for a wide range of fitness- and health-related goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Weakley
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 211.1.26, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
| | | | - Johanna Ljungberg
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shona L Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 211.1.26, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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10
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Neto IVDS, Pinto AP, Muñoz VR, de Cássia Marqueti R, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER, Silva ASRD. Pleiotropic and multi-systemic actions of physical exercise on PGC-1α signaling during the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101935. [PMID: 37062444 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical training is a potent therapeutic approach for improving mitochondrial health through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways. However, comprehensive information regarding the physical training impact on PGC-1α in the different physiological systems with advancing age is not fully understood. This review sheds light on the frontier-of-knowledge data regarding the chronic effects of exercise on the PGC-1α signaling pathways in rodents and humans. We address the molecular mechanisms involved in the different tissues, clarifying the precise biological action of PGC-1α, restricted to the aged cell type. Distinct exercise protocols (short and long-term) and modalities (aerobic and resistance exercise) increase the transcriptional and translational PGC-1α levels in adipose tissue, brain, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle in animal models, suggesting that this versatile molecule induces pleiotropic responses. However, PGC-1α function in some human tissues (adipose tissue, heart, and brain) remains challenging for further investigations. PGC-1α is not a simple transcriptional coactivator but supports a biochemical environment of mitochondrial dynamics, controlling physiological processes (primary metabolism, tissue remodeling, autophagy, inflammation, and redox balance). Acting as an adaptive mechanism, the long-term effects of PGC-1α following exercise may reflect the energy demand to coordinate multiple organs and contribute to cellular longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Lee CJ, Nicoll JX. Time Course Evaluation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation to Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:710-725. [PMID: 36727997 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lee, CJ and Nicoll, JX. Time course evaluation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation to resistance exercise: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 710-725, 2023-Resistance exercise (RE) can increase the signaling activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), specifically extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (p90RSK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38-MAPK. These RE-induced responses contribute to various intracellular processes modulating growth and development in skeletal muscles, playing an essential role in resistance training adaptations. The time course of MAPK phosphorylation to different RE conditions, such as training experience and varying loads, remains ambiguous. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effects of different post-RE recovery time points on the MAPK signaling cascade. In addition, the effects of loading and training statuses on MAPK responses were also investigated. The review was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines with a literature search incorporating 3 electronic databases. A modified version of the Downs and Black checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. The signaling responses were measured within a time range between immediately post-RE and >6 hours post-RE. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and all were classified as good-to-moderate methodological quality. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation increased to different levels after RE, with the highest near the cessation of exercise. Although overall signaling was attenuated among trained individuals likely because of training adaptations, greater MAPK responses can be attributed to moderate loads of 65-85% 1RM regardless of the training experience. However, specific training-induced responses remain equivocal, and further investigations are required to determine the ideal training parameters to optimize anabolic intramuscular signaling, which may likely optimize resistance training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California
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12
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Hajj-Boutros G, Karelis AD, Cefis M, Morais JA, Casgrain J, Gouspillou G, Sonjak V. Potential mechanisms involved in regulating muscle protein turnover after acute exercise: A brief review. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1106425. [PMID: 36699675 PMCID: PMC9870712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that resistance training increases muscle mass. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that a single session of resistance training is associated with an increase in muscle protein synthesis in young adults. However, the fundamental mechanisms that are involved in regulating muscle protein turnover rates after an acute bout of physical exercise are unclear. Therefore, this review will briefly focus on summarizing the potential mechanisms behind the growth of skeletal muscle after physical exercise. We also present mechanistic differences that may exist between young and older individuals during muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after physical exercise. Pathways leading to the activation of AKT/mTOR signals after resistance exercise and the activation of AMPK signaling pathway following a HIIT (High intensity interval training) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hajj-Boutros
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antony D. Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marina Cefis
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José A. Morais
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada,Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Juliette Casgrain
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vita Sonjak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Vita Sonjak,
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13
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Torregrosa C, Chorin F, Beltran EEM, Neuzillet C, Cardot-Ruffino V. Physical Activity as the Best Supportive Care in Cancer: The Clinician's and the Researcher's Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5402. [PMID: 36358820 PMCID: PMC9655932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary supportive care, integrating the dimensions of exercise alongside oncological treatments, is now regarded as a new paradigm to improve patient survival and quality of life. Its impact is important on the factors that control tumor development, such as the immune system, inflammation, tissue perfusion, hypoxia, insulin resistance, metabolism, glucocorticoid levels, and cachexia. An increasing amount of research has been published in the last years on the effects of physical activity within the framework of oncology, marking the appearance of a new medical field, commonly known as "exercise oncology". This emerging research field is trying to determine the biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects the incidence of cancer, the progression and/or the appearance of metastases. We propose an overview of the current state of the art physical exercise interventions in the management of cancer patients, including a pragmatic perspective with tips for routine practice. We then develop the emerging mechanistic views about physical exercise and their potential clinical applications. Moving toward a more personalized, integrated, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary management, by trying to understand the different interactions between the cancer and the host, as well as the impact of the disease and the treatments on the different organs, this seems to be the most promising method to improve the care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Torregrosa
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Expertise, Sport, Santé (LAMHESS), HEALTHY Graduate School, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
- Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
| | - Eva Ester Molina Beltran
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- GERCOR, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Kharaz YA, Goljanek‐Whysall K, Nye G, Hurst JL, McArdle A, Comerford EJ. Age-related changes in microRNAs expression in cruciate ligaments of wild-stock house mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15426. [PMID: 35993414 PMCID: PMC9393909 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciate ligaments (CL) of the knee joint are injured following trauma or aging. MicroRNAs (miRs) are potential therapeutic targets in musculoskeletal disorders, but there is little known about the role of miRs and their expression ligaments during aging. This study aimed to (1) identify if mice with normal physical activity, wild-stock house mice are an appropriate model to study age-related changes in the knee joint and (2) investigate the expression of miRs in aging murine cruciate ligaments. Knee joints were collected from 6 and 24 months old C57BL/6 and wild-stock house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) for ligament and cartilage (OARSI) histological analysis. Expression of miR targets in CLs was determined in 6-, 12-, 24-, and 30-month-old wild-stock house mice, followed by the analysis of predicted mRNA target genes and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Higher CL and knee OARSI histological scores were found in 24-month-old wild-stock house mice compared with 6- and 24-month-old C57BL/6 and 6-month-old wild-stock house mice (p < 0.05). miR-29a and miR-34a were upregulated in 30-month-old wild-stock house mice in comparison with 6-, 12-, and 24-month-old wild-stock house mice (p < 0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis on miR-29a and 34a targets was associated with inflammation through interleukins, TGFβ and Notch genes, and p53 signaling. Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) correlated negatively with both miR-29a (r = -0.35) and miR-34a (r = -0.33). The findings of this study support wild-stock house mice as an appropriate aging model for the murine knee joint. This study also indicated that miR-29a and miR-34a may be potential regulators of COL1A1 gene expression in murine CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda A. Kharaz
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool, William Duncan BuildingLiverpoolUK
- The MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA)LiverpoolUK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek‐Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool, William Duncan BuildingLiverpoolUK
- The MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA)LiverpoolUK
- School of MedicineIRC Laureate, Physiology, Human Biology Building, NUI GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Gareth Nye
- Chester Medical SchoolUniversity of ChesterChesterUK
| | - Jane L. Hurst
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst CampusUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool, William Duncan BuildingLiverpoolUK
- The MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA)LiverpoolUK
| | - Eithne J. Comerford
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of Liverpool, William Duncan BuildingLiverpoolUK
- The MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA)LiverpoolUK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Leahurst CampusUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
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15
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Palus S, Elkina Y, Braun T, von Haehling S, Döhner W, Anker SD, Cerami A, Brines M, Springer J. The erythropoietin-derived peptide ARA 284 reduces tissue wasting and improves survival in a rat model of cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2202-2210. [PMID: 35586884 PMCID: PMC9397558 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CC) is a severe complication during the last stages of the disease, which is characterized by the substantial loss of muscle and fat mass. Currently, there is no effective treatment of CC. Erythropoietin plays tissue-protective role in different tissues. Based on the structure of erythropoietin, small non-erythropoietic peptides were synthesized, which activate tissue-protective signalling pathways. METHODS Here, we investigated the influence of the tissue-protective peptide ARA 284 on CC in rats using the Yoshida hepatoma model. RESULTS Treatment with ARA 284 (1.7 μg/kg/day) counteracted the loss of body weight (12.46 ± 4.82% ARA 284 vs. 26.85 ± 0.88% placebo, P < 0.01), fat mass (P < 0.01), and lean mass (P < 0.01). It improved spontaneous activity of ARA 284-treated animals. Further, gastrocnemius mass was increased (13.2% ARA 284 vs. placebo, P < 0.01) in association with induced p-Akt (P < 0.01) and decreased in p-p38 MAPK, GSK-3β, and myostatin (all P < 0.01), suggesting an induction of anabolic pathways. At the same time, we observed the significant increase in the survival of animals by high-dose ARA 284 treatment (hazard ratio: 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.94, P = 0.0325). CONCLUSIONS Taken together these results suggest that ARA 284 can be considered beneficial in experimental CC and it remains to be seen, if it can have similar beneficial effects in CC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Palus
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yulia Elkina
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Braun
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Döhner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Zhang XZ, Xie WQ, Chen L, Xu GD, Wu L, Li YS, Wu YX. Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Intervention of Sarcopenia: Current Stage and Future Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:894996. [PMID: 35770017 PMCID: PMC9234289 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.894996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder and can be associated with many comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and fracture. Its definitions, given by the AWGS and EWGSOP, are widely used. Sarcopenia is measured by muscle strength, muscle quantity or mass and physical performance. Currently, the importance and urgency of sarcopenia have grown. The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) training has received increased attention in managing sarcopenia. BFR is accomplished using a pneumatic cuff on the proximal aspect of the exercising limb. Two main methods of exercise, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, have been applied with BFR in treating sarcopenia. Both methods can increase muscle mass and muscle strength to a certain extent. Intricate mechanisms are involved during BFRT. Currently, the presented mechanisms mainly include responses in the blood vessels and related hormones, such as growth factors, tissue hypoxia-related factors and recruitment of muscle fiber as well as muscle satellite cells. These mechanisms contribute to the positive balance of skeletal muscle synthesis, which in turn mitigates sarcopenia. As a more suited and more effective way of treating sarcopenia and its comorbidities, BFRT can serve as an alternative to traditional exercise for people who have marked physical limitations or even show superior outcomes under low loads. However, the possibility of causing stress or muscle damage must be considered. Cuff size, pressure, training load and other variables can affect the outcome of sarcopenia, which must also be considered. Thoroughly studying these factors can help to better determine an ideal BFRT scheme and better manage sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities. As a well-tolerated and novel form of exercise, BFRT offers more potential in treating sarcopenia and involves deeper insights into the function and regulation of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-zhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-dong Xu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-sheng Li
| | - Yu-xiang Wu
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Yu-xiang Wu
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17
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Centner C, Jerger S, Mallard A, Herrmann A, Varfolomeeva E, Gollhofer S, Oesser S, Sticht C, Gretz N, Aagaard P, Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Suetta C, Gollhofer A, König D. Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Following High-Load Resistance Exercise Upregulates Gene Expression in Pathways Involved in Skeletal Muscle Signal Transduction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838004. [PMID: 35480041 PMCID: PMC9037237 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that resistance training in combination with specific collagen peptides (CP) improves adaptive responses of the muscular apparatus. Although beneficial effects have been repeatedly demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, the primary objective of the present randomized trial was to elucidate differences in gene expression pathways related to skeletal muscle signal transduction following acute high-load resistance exercise with and without CP intake. Recreationally active male participants were equally randomized to high-load leg extension exercise in combination with 15 g CP or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at baseline as well as 1, 4 and 24 h post exercise to investigate gene expression using next generation sequencing analysis. Several important anabolic pathways including PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways were significantly upregulated at 1 and 4 h post-exercise. Significant between-group differences for both pathways were identified at the 4 h time point demonstrating a more pronounced effect after CP intake. Gene expression related to the mTOR pathway demonstrated a higher visual increase in the CP group compared to PLA by trend, but failed to achieve statistically significant group differences. The current findings revealed a significantly higher upregulation of key anabolic pathways (PI3K-Akt, MAPK) in human skeletal muscle 4 h following an acute resistance training combined with intake of 15 g of specific collagen peptides compared to placebo. Further investigations should examine potential relationships between upregulated gene expression and changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis as well as potential long-term effects on anabolic pathways on the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, Muttenz, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Centner,
| | - Simon Jerger
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair Mallard
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Herrmann
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Varfolomeeva
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel König
- Department of Nutritional Science, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Gharahdaghi N, Rudrappa S, Brook MS, Farrash W, Idris I, Aziz MHA, Kadi F, Papaioannou K, Phillips BE, Sian T, Herrod PJ, Wilkinson DJ, Szewczyk NJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1134-1150. [PMID: 35233984 PMCID: PMC8977972 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative role of skeletal muscle mechano-transduction in comparison with systemic hormones, such as testosterone (T), in regulating hypertrophic responses to exercise is contentious. We investigated the mechanistic effects of chemical endogenous T depletion adjuvant to 6 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) on muscle mass, function, myogenic regulatory factors, and muscle anabolic signalling in younger men. METHODS Non-hypogonadal men (n = 16; 18-30 years) were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive placebo (P, saline n = 8) or the GnRH analogue, Goserelin [Zoladex (Z), 3.6 mg, n = 8], injections, before 6 weeks of supervised whole-body RET. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ultrasound of m. vastus lateralis (VL), and VL biopsies for assessment of cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS), myogenic gene expression, and anabolic signalling pathway responses. RESULTS Zoladex suppressed endogenous T to within the hypogonadal range and was well tolerated; suppression was associated with blunted fat free mass [Z: 55.4 ± 2.8 to 55.8 ± 3.1 kg, P = 0.61 vs. P: 55.9 ± 1.7 to 57.4 ± 1.7 kg, P = 0.006, effect size (ES) = 0.31], composite strength (Z: 40 ± 2.3% vs. P: 49.8 ± 3.3%, P = 0.03, ES = 1.4), and muscle thickness (Z: 2.7 ± 0.4 to 2.69 ± 0.36 cm, P > 0.99 vs. P: 2.74 ± 0.32 to 2.91 ± 0.32 cm, P < 0.0001, ES = 0.48) gains. Hypogonadism attenuated molecular transducers of muscle growth related to T metabolism (e.g. androgen receptor: Z: 1.2 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 1.9 fold, P < 0.0001, ES = 0.85), anabolism/myogenesis (e.g. IGF-1Ea: Z: 1.9 fold, P = 0.5 vs. P: 3.3 fold, P = 0.0005, ES = 0.72; IGF-1Ec: Z: 2 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 4.7 fold, P = 0.0005, ES = 0.68; myogenin: Z: 1.3 fold, P > 0.99 vs. P: 2.7 fold, P = 0.002, ES = 0.72), RNA/DNA (Z: 0.47 ± 0.03 to 0.53 ± 0.03, P = 0.31 vs. P: 0.50 ± 0.01 to 0.64 ± 0.04, P = 0.003, ES = 0.72), and RNA/ASP (Z: 5.8 ± 0.4 to 6.8 ± 0.5, P > 0.99 vs. P: 6.5 ± 0.2 to 8.9 ± 1.1, P = 0.008, ES = 0.63) ratios, as well as acute RET-induced phosphorylation of growth signalling proteins (e.g. AKTser473 : Z: 2.74 ± 0.6, P = 0.2 vs. P: 5.5 ± 1.1 fold change, P < 0.001, ES = 0.54 and mTORC1ser2448 : Z: 1.9 ± 0.8, P > 0.99 vs. P: 3.6 ± 1 fold change, P = 0.002, ES = 0.53). Both MPS (Z: 1.45 ± 0.11 to 1.50 ± 0.06%·day-1 , P = 0.99 vs. P: 1.5 ± 0.12 to 2.0 ± 0.15%·day-1 , P = 0.01, ES = 0.97) and (extrapolated) muscle protein breakdown (Z: 93.16 ± 7.8 vs. P: 129.1 ± 13.8 g·day-1 , P = 0.04, ES = 0.92) were reduced with hypogonadism result in lower net protein turnover (3.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.2 ± 1.1 g·day-1 , P = 0.04, ES = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that endogenous T sufficiency has a central role in the up-regulation of molecular transducers of RET-induced muscle hypertrophy in humans that cannot be overcome by muscle mechano-transduction alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Supreeth Rudrappa
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Matthew S Brook
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Wesam Farrash
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK.,Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iskandar Idris
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Muhammad Hariz Abdul Aziz
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- Division of Sports Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Papaioannou
- Division of Sports Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Tanvir Sian
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Herrod
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-Verus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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Chang SW, Yoshihara T, Tsuzuki T, Natsume T, Kakigi R, Machida S, Naito H. Circadian rhythms modulate the effect of eccentric exercise on rat soleus muscles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264171. [PMID: 35213577 PMCID: PMC8880858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether time-of-day dependent changes in the rat soleus (SOL) muscle size, after eccentric exercises, operate via the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. For our first experiment, we assigned 9-week-old male Wistar rats randomly into four groups: light phase (zeitgeber time; ZT6) non-trained control, dark phase (ZT18) non-trained control, light phase-trained, and dark phase-trained. Trained animals performed 90 min of downhill running once every 3 d for 8 weeks. The second experiment involved dividing 9-week-old male Wistar rats to control and exercise groups. The latter were subjected to 15 min of downhill running at ZT6 and ZT18. The absolute (+12.8%) and relative (+9.4%) SOL muscle weights were higher in the light phase-trained group. p70S6K phosphorylation ratio was 42.6% higher in the SOL muscle of rats that had exercised only in light (non-trained ZT6). Collectively, the degree of muscle hypertrophy in SOL is time-of-day dependent, perhaps via the mTOR/p70S6K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-wen Chang
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Physical Education, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Natsume
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- School of Medicine, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Faculty of Management & Information Sciences, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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May AK, Russell AP, Della Gatta PA, Warmington SA. Muscle Adaptations to Heavy-Load and Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training Methods. Front Physiol 2022; 13:837697. [PMID: 35185627 PMCID: PMC8850930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance-based blood flow restriction training (BFRT) improves skeletal muscle strength and size. Unlike heavy-load resistance training (HLRT), there is debate as to whether strength adaptations following BFRT interventions can be primarily attributed to concurrent muscle hypertrophy, as the magnitude of hypertrophy is often minor. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 7 weeks of BFRT and HLRT on muscle strength and hypertrophy. The expression of protein growth markers from muscle biopsy samples was also measured. Male participants were allocated to moderately heavy-load training (HL; n = 9), low-load BFRT (LL + BFR; n = 8), or a control (CON; n = 9) group to control for the effect of time. HL and LL + BFR completed 21 training sessions (3 d.week−1) comprising bilateral knee extension and knee flexion exercises (HL = 70% one-repetition maximum (1-RM), LL + BFR = 20% 1-RM + blood flow restriction). Bilateral knee extension and flexion 1-RM strength were assessed, and leg muscle CSA was measured via peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Protein growth markers were measured in vastus lateralis biopsy samples taken pre- and post the first and last training sessions. Biopsy samples were also taken from CON at the same time intervals as HL and LL + BFR. Knee extension 1-RM strength increased in HL (19%) and LL + BFR (19%) but not CON (2%; p < 0.05). Knee flexion 1-RM strength increased similarly between all groups, as did muscle CSA (50% femur length; HL = 2.2%, LL + BFR = 3.0%, CON = 2.1%; TIME main effects). 4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) phosphorylation was lower in HL and LL + BFR immediately post-exercise compared with CON in both sessions (p < 0.05). Expression of other growth markers was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Overall, BFRT and HLRT improved muscle strength and size similarly, with comparable changes in intramuscular protein growth marker expression, both acutely and chronically, suggesting the activation of similar anabolic pathways. However, the low magnitude of muscle hypertrophy was not significantly different to the non-training control suggesting that strength adaptation following 7 weeks of BFRT is not driven by hypertrophy, but rather neurological adaptation.
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21
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Alves HR, Lomba GSB, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Burth P. Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879066. [PMID: 35784579 PMCID: PMC9248970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle and adipose tissue produce irisin during exercise. Irisin is thermogenic adipomyokine, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorates the effects of obesity-driven inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In addition, exercise-induced irisin activates anti-inflammatory pathways and may play an essential role in improving the outcomes of inflammatory conditions, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 infection can activate different intracellular receptors and modulate various pathways during the course of the disease. The cytokine release storm (CRS) produced is significant because it promotes the context for systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In addition, viral infection and the resulting organ damage may stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/toll interleukin receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor (MyD88) pathways while negatively modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, leading to increased inflammatory cytokine production. Exercise-induced irisin may counteract this inflammatory modulation by decreasing cytokine production. Consequently, increased irisin levels, as found in healthy patients, may favor a better prognosis in patients with SARS-CoV2. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of irisin in mitigating CRS and preventing severe outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Burth, ; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque,
| | - Patricia Burth
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Burth, ; Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque,
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22
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MicroRNAs associated with signaling pathways and exercise adaptation in sarcopenia. Life Sci 2021; 285:119926. [PMID: 34480932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the expansion of human life-span over the past few decades; sarcopenia, a physiological consequence of aging process characterized with a diminution in mass and strength of skeletal muscle, has become more frequent. Thus, there is a growing need for expanding our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy in sarcopenia which are complex and involve many signaling pathways associated with protein degradation and synthesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as evolutionary conserved small RNAs, could complementarily bind to their target mRNAs and post-transcriptionally inhibit their translation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes to the development of sarcopenia by regulating the expression of critical genes involved in age-related skeletal muscle mass loss. Here we have a review on the signaling pathways along with the miRNAs controlling their components expression and subsequently we provide a brief overview on the effects of exercise on expression pattern of miRNAs in sarcopenia.
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23
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Zhu WG, Hibbert JE, Lin KH, Steinert ND, Lemens JL, Jorgenson KW, Newman SM, Lamming DW, Hornberger TA. Weight Pulling: A Novel Mouse Model of Human Progressive Resistance Exercise. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092459. [PMID: 34572107 PMCID: PMC8465477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a mouse model of progressive resistance exercise that utilizes a full-body/multi-joint exercise (weight pulling) along with a training protocol that mimics a traditional human paradigm (three training sessions per week, ~8–12 repetitions per set, 2 min of rest between sets, approximately two maximal-intensity sets per session, last set taken to failure, and a progressive increase in loading that is based on the individual’s performance). We demonstrate that weight pulling can induce an increase in the mass of numerous muscles throughout the body. The relative increase in muscle mass is similar to what has been observed in human studies, and is associated with the same type of long-term adaptations that occur in humans (e.g., fiber hypertrophy, myonuclear accretion, and, in some instances, a fast-to-slow transition in Type II fiber composition). Moreover, we demonstrate that weight pulling can induce the same type of acute responses that are thought to drive these long-term adaptations (e.g., the activation of signaling through mTORC1 and the induction of protein synthesis at 1 h post-exercise). Collectively, the results of this study indicate that weight pulling can serve as a highly translatable mouse model of progressive resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan G. Zhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jamie E. Hibbert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kuan Hung Lin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathaniel D. Steinert
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jake L. Lemens
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kent W. Jorgenson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah M. Newman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.M.N.); (D.W.L.)
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.M.N.); (D.W.L.)
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Troy A. Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (W.G.Z.); (J.E.H.); (K.H.L.); (N.D.S.); (J.L.L.); (K.W.J.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhu YC, Jin FH, Zhang MY, Qi F. Inhibition of Peripheral ERK Signaling Ameliorates Persistent Muscle Pain Around Trigger Points in Rats. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720960190. [PMID: 33081508 PMCID: PMC7784566 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720960190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ERK signaling pathway was involved in ameliorating chronic myofascial hyperalgesia from contused gastrocnemius muscle in rats. We established an animal model associated with myofascial pain syndrome and described the mechanism of muscle pain in an animal model. Changes in the mechanical pain threshold were observed 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after ERK inhibitor injection around myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) of the gastrocnemius muscle in rats. Morphological changes in gastrocnemius muscle cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. ERK signaling pathway activation was detected through immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The main morphological characteristics of injured muscle fibers around MTrPs include gathered circular or elliptical shapes of different sizes in the cross-section and continuous inflated and tapering fibers in the longitudinal section. After intramuscular injection of U0126 (ERK inhibitor), the mechanical pain threshold significantly increased. The reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia was accompanied by reduced ERK protein phosphorylation, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) protein, p-MLC protein expression, and the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle cells around MTrPs. An ERK inhibitor contributed to the attenuation of mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat myofascial pain model, and the increase in pain threshold may be related to MLCK downregulation and other related contraction-associated proteins by ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Shangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, China
| | - Fei-Hong Jin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Yang Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Clinic, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wilhelmsen A, Tsintzas K, Jones SW. Recent advances and future avenues in understanding the role of adipose tissue cross talk in mediating skeletal muscle mass and function with ageing. GeroScience 2021; 43:85-110. [PMID: 33528828 PMCID: PMC8050140 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, broadly defined as the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and function, is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased likelihood of adverse health outcomes. The regulation of skeletal muscle mass with ageing is complex and necessitates a delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. The secretion and transfer of cytokines, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), both discretely and within extracellular vesicles, have emerged as important communication channels between tissues. Some of these factors have been implicated in regulating skeletal muscle mass, function, and pathologies and may be perturbed by excessive adiposity. Indeed, adipose tissue participates in a broad spectrum of inter-organ communication and obesity promotes the accumulation of macrophages, cellular senescence, and the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Pertinently, age-related sarcopenia has been reported to be more prevalent in obesity; however, such effects are confounded by comorbidities and physical activity level. In this review, we provide evidence that adiposity may exacerbate age-related sarcopenia and outline some emerging concepts of adipose-skeletal muscle communication including the secretion and processing of novel myokines and adipokines and the role of extracellular vesicles in mediating inter-tissue cross talk via lncRNAs and miRNAs in the context of sarcopenia, ageing, and obesity. Further research using advances in proteomics, transcriptomics, and techniques to investigate extracellular vesicles, with an emphasis on translational, longitudinal human studies, is required to better understand the physiological significance of these factors, the impact of obesity upon them, and their potential as therapeutic targets in combating muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wilhelmsen
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological function leading to increase in the vulnerability to death. This deterioration process occurs in all living organisms and is the primary risk factor for pathological conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Most of the age-related diseases have been associated with impairment of action of an important hormone, namely insulin. It is well-known that this hormone is a critical mediator of metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation. Insulin action depends on two processes that determine its circulating levels, insulin secretion and clearance, and insulin sensitivity in its target tissues. Aging has deleterious effects on these three mechanisms, impairing insulin action, thereby increasing the risk for diseases and death. Thus, improving insulin action may be an important strategy to have a healthier and longer life.
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27
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Hughes DC, Turner DC, Baehr LM, Seaborne RA, Viggars M, Jarvis JC, Gorski PP, Stewart CE, Owens DJ, Bodine SC, Sharples AP. Knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5 and its role in skeletal muscle anabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C45-C56. [PMID: 33052072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00432.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UBR5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase positively associated with anabolism, hypertrophy, and recovery from atrophy in skeletal muscle. The precise mechanisms underpinning UBR5's role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remain unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by silencing the UBR5 gene in vivo. To achieve this aim, we electroporated a UBR5-RNAi plasmid into mouse tibialis anterior muscle to investigate the impact of reduced UBR5 on anabolic signaling MEK/ERK/p90RSK and Akt/GSK3β/p70S6K/4E-BP1/rpS6 pathways. Seven days after UBR5 RNAi electroporation, although reductions in overall muscle mass were not detected, the mean cross-sectional area (CSA) of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive fibers were reduced (-9.5%) and the number of large fibers were lower versus the control. Importantly, UBR5-RNAi significantly reduced total RNA, muscle protein synthesis, ERK1/2, Akt, and GSK3β activity. Although p90RSK phosphorylation significantly increased, total p90RSK protein levels demonstrated a 45% reduction with UBR5-RNAi. Finally, these early events after 7 days of UBR5 knockdown culminated in significant reductions in muscle mass (-4.6%) and larger reductions in fiber CSA (-18.5%) after 30 days. This was associated with increased levels of phosphatase PP2Ac and inappropriate chronic elevation of p70S6K and rpS6 between 7 and 30 days, as well as corresponding reductions in eIF4e. This study demonstrates that UBR5 plays an important role in anabolism/hypertrophy, whereby knockdown of UBR5 culminates in skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel C Turner
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NiH), Institute for Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert A Seaborne
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Viggars
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Jarvis
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr P Gorski
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NiH), Institute for Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NiH), Institute for Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit (SCAMP), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Bajpai A, Li R, Chen W. The cellular mechanobiology of aging: from biology to mechanics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1491:3-24. [PMID: 33231326 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a chronic, complicated process that leads to degenerative physical and biological changes in living organisms. Aging is associated with permanent, gradual physiological cellular decay that affects all aspects of cellular mechanobiological features, including cellular cytoskeleton structures, mechanosensitive signaling pathways, and forces in the cell, as well as the cell's ability to sense and adapt to extracellular biomechanical signals in the tissue environment through mechanotransduction. These mechanobiological changes in cells are directly or indirectly responsible for dysfunctions and diseases in various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, skin, and immune systems. This review critically examines the role of aging in the progressive decline of the mechanobiology occurring in cells, and establishes mechanistic frameworks to understand the mechanobiological effects of aging on disease progression and to develop new strategies for halting and reversing the aging process. Our review also highlights the recent development of novel bioengineering approaches for studying the key mechanobiological mechanisms in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Bajpai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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29
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Mody PH, Lucia Dos Santos N, Lenert ME, Barron LR, Nottingham BA, Burton MD. The role of cap-dependent translation in aged-related changes in neuroimmunity and affective behaviors. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:173-184. [PMID: 33302179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Translation regulation in the context of aged-associated inflammation and behavioral impairments is not well characterized. Aged individuals experience lower life quality due to behavioral impairments. In this study, we used young and aged transgenic mice that are unable to activate the cap-binding protein, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) to examine the role of protein translation control in aging, memory, depression, and anxiety. To determine how products of cap-dependent translation play a permissive role in aged-associated inflammation, we assessed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various brain regions involved in the above-mentioned behaviors. We found that functional eIF4E is not necessary for age-related deficits in spatial and short-term memory but is important for depressive and anxiety-like behavior and this is correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in discrete brain regions. Thus, we have begun to elucidate a role for eIF4E phosphorylation in the context of aged-related behavioral impairments and chronic low-grade inflammation that may help identify novel immune modulators for therapeutic targets and decrease the burden of self-care among the geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti H Mody
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Lucia Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Melissa E Lenert
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Luz R Barron
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Bethany A Nottingham
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
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30
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Shang GK, Han L, Wang ZH, Liu YP, Yan SB, Sai WW, Wang D, Li YH, Zhang W, Zhong M. Sarcopenia is attenuated by TRB3 knockout in aging mice via the alleviation of atrophy and fibrosis of skeletal muscles. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1104-1120. [PMID: 32096609 PMCID: PMC7432570 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia causes several adverse events in elderly people. Muscle fibre atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are the main histopathological changes in sarcopenia and account for decreased muscle function. Tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3) was previously reported to exhibit age-related expression and play a vital role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate how TRB3 affects sarcopenia. METHODS Wild-type and TRB3 knockout C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into young and old groups. Exercise capacity was evaluated, and single-muscle function was detected by electrophysiological techniques, after which the mice were sacrificed to collect their gastrocnemius muscles for assessment of atrophy and fibrosis by histopathological and molecular biological methods. TRB3 expression, autophagy level, and MAPK signalling pathway activity were evaluated through western blotting. The interaction of TRB3 with P62 and the association between TRB3 and the MAPK signalling pathway were detected by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS In aged mice, exercise capacity and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibres were decreased significantly, whereas TRB3, atrophy-related markers atrogin 1 and MuRF 1, and interstitial fibrosis, including collagen volume fraction, contents of collagens I and III, and ratio of collagens I to III, were increased significantly (P < 0.05 for all). Following TRB3 knockout, the cross-sectional area of muscle fibres, mainly fast fibres, was elevated (P < 0.05 for both), the atrogin 1 expression was decreased (P = 0.0163), and the corresponding tetanic force of fast muscles was increased (P = 0.0398). Conversely, interstitial fibrosis was substantially decreased and exercise capacity was significantly increased in the knockout mice. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, the autophagy receptor p62 was markedly increased and the MAPK signalling pathway was activated in aged skeletal muscles, which might be attributed to the interaction of TRB3 with p62 and MAPKKs, including MEK1/MEK2, MEK3/MEK6, and MEK4/MKK4. Notably, TRB3 knockout reduced the accumulation of p62 and LC3 (P < 0.05 for both), decreased the phosphorylation of JNK (P = 0.0015), and increased p38 phosphorylation (P = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS TRB3 knockout in mice attenuated muscle fibre atrophy and reduced skeletal muscle fibrosis by increasing autophagy and inhibiting the MAPK signalling pathway. Correspondingly, in aged knockout mice, exercise capacity was improved. Interfering with TRB3 expression in aged skeletal muscles may serve as a target for the prevention and treatment of age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Kai Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Peng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sen-Bo Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Wen Sai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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31
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Scheuren AC, D'Hulst G, Kuhn GA, Masschelein E, Wehrle E, De Bock K, Müller R. Hallmarks of frailty and osteosarcopenia in prematurely aged PolgA (D257A/D257A) mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1121-1140. [PMID: 32596975 PMCID: PMC7432580 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. One major determinant thereof is the gradual weakening of the musculoskeletal system and the associated osteosarcopenia. To improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and, more importantly, to test potential interventions aimed at counteracting frailty, suitable animal models are needed. METHODS To evaluate the relevance of prematurely aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice as a model for frailty and osteosarcopenia, we quantified the clinical mouse frailty index in PolgA(D257A/D257A) and wild-type littermates (PolgA(+/+) , WT) with age and concertedly assessed the quantity and quality of bone and muscle tissue. Lastly, the anabolic responsiveness of skeletal muscle, muscle progenitors, and bone was assessed. RESULTS PolgA(D257A/D257A) accumulated health deficits at a higher rate compared with WT, resulting in a higher frailty index at 40 and 46 weeks of age (+166%, +278%, P < 0.0001), respectively, with no differences between genotypes at 34 weeks. Concomitantly, PolgA(D257A/D257A) displayed progressive musculoskeletal deterioration such as reduced bone and muscle mass as well as impaired functionality thereof. In addition to lower muscle weights (-14%, P < 0.05, -23%, P < 0.0001) and fibre area (-20%, P < 0.05, -22%, P < 0.0001) at 40 and 46 weeks, respectively, PolgA(D257A/D257A) showed impairments in grip strength and concentric muscle forces (P < 0.05). PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation altered the acute response to various anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle and muscle progenitors. While PolgA(D257A/D257A) muscles were hypersensitive to eccentric contractions as well as leucine administration, shown by larger downstream signalling response of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, myogenic progenitors cultured in vitro showed severe anabolic resistance to leucine and robust impairments in cell proliferation. Longitudinal micro-computed tomography analysis of the sixth caudal vertebrae showed that PolgA(D257A/D257A) had lower bone morphometric parameters (e.g. bone volume fraction, trabecular, and cortical thickness, P < 0.05) as well as reduced remodelling activities (e.g. bone formation and resorption rate, P < 0.05) compared with WT. When subjected to 4 weeks of cyclic loading, young but not aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) caudal vertebrae showed load-induced bone adaptation, suggesting reduced mechanosensitivity with age. CONCLUSIONS PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation leads to hallmarks of age-related frailty and osteosarcopenia and provides a powerful model to better understand the relationship between frailty and the aging musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Evi Masschelein
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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32
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Jacko D, Bersiner K, Schulz O, Przyklenk A, Spahiu F, Höhfeld J, Bloch W, Gehlert S. Coordinated alpha-crystallin B phosphorylation and desmin expression indicate adaptation and deadaptation to resistance exercise-induced loading in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C300-C312. [PMID: 32520607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00087.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a target of contraction-induced loading (CiL), leading to protein unfolding or cellular perturbations, respectively. While cytoskeletal desmin is responsible for ongoing structural stabilization, in the immediate response to CiL, alpha-crystallin B (CRYAB) is phosphorylated at serine 59 (pCRYABS59) by P38, acutely protecting the cytoskeleton. To reveal adaptation and deadaptation of these myofibrillar subsystems to CiL, we examined CRYAB, P38, and desmin regulation following resistance exercise at diverse time points of a chronic training period. Mechanosensitive JNK phosphorylation (pJNKT183/Y185) was determined to indicate the presence of mechanical components in CiL. Within 6 wk, subjects performed 13 resistance exercise bouts at the 8-12 repetition maximum, followed by 10 days detraining and a final 14th bout. Biopsies were taken at baseline and after the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 13th, and 14th bout. To assess whether potential desensitization to CiL can be mitigated, one group trained with progressive and a second with constant loading. As no group differences were found, all subjects were combined for statistics. Total and phosphorylated P38 was not regulated over the time course. pCRYABS59 and pJNKT183/Y185 strongly increased following the unaccustomed first bout. This exercise-induced pCRYABS59/pJNKT183/Y185 increase disappeared with the 10th until 13th bout. As response to the detraining period, the 14th bout led to a renewed increase in pCRYABS59. Desmin content followed pCRYABS59 inversely, i.e., was up- when pCRYABS59 was downregulated and vice versa. In conclusion, the pCRYABS59 response indicates increase and decrease in resistance to CiL, in which a reinforced desmin network could play an essential role by structurally stabilizing the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jacko
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Olympic Base Center, North Rhine-Westphalia/Rhineland, Cologne, Germany
| | - Käthe Bersiner
- Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute for Sports Sciences, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Schulz
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Przyklenk
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Spahiu
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department for Biosciences of Sports, Institute for Sports Sciences, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Chen Z, Li L, Wu W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Yang L, Luo Q, Chen J, Hou Y, Song G. Exercise protects proliferative muscle satellite cells against exhaustion via the Igfbp7-Akt-mTOR axis. Theranostics 2020; 10:6448-6466. [PMID: 32483463 PMCID: PMC7255041 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The exhaustion of muscle satellite cells (SCs) is correlated with muscle diseases, including sarcopenia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exercise benefits skeletal muscle homeostasis and promotes proliferation of SCs. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the muscle function-improving effect of exercise has important implications in regenerative medicine. Methods: Herein, we investigated the effect of 4-week treadmill training on skeletal muscle and SCs in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was utilized to detect the morphometry of skeletal muscles. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were conducted to analyze the abundance and cell cycle of SCs. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the transcriptional regulatory network of SCs. The ChIP-PCR assay was used to detect enrichment of H3K27ac at the promoters of Akt. Results: We observed that exercise resulted in muscle hypertrophy and improved muscle regeneration in mice. Unexpectedly, exercise promoted cell cycling but suppressed the Akt-mTOR pathway in SCs. Proliferative SCs in “exercised mice” required suppressed mTOR activity to limit mitochondrial metabolism, maintaining the “limited activation status” of SCs against exhaustion. Mechanistically, exercise upregulated the expression of Igfbp7, thereby impeding the phosphorylation of Akt and resulting in inhibited mTOR activity and limited mitochondrial metabolism. The limited mitochondrial metabolism resulted in hypoacetylation of histone 3 and reduced enrichment of H3K27ac at promoters of Akt, decreasing the transcription of Akt. Moreover, repeatedly injured mice showed a preserved SC pool and improved muscle regeneration by the suppression of Akt-mTOR signaling. Conclusions: The findings of our study show that exercise protects proliferative SCs against exhaustion via the Igfbp7-Akt-mTOR axis. These findings establish a link between mechanical signaling, mitochondrial metabolism, epigenetic modification, and stem cell fate decisions; thus, present potential therapeutic targets for muscle diseases correlated with SC exhaustion.
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34
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Kim JH, Lee JO, Moon JW, Kang MJ, Byun WS, Han JA, Kim SJ, Park SH, Kim HS. Laminarin From Salicornia herbacea Stimulates Glucose Uptake Through AMPK-p38 MAPK Pathways in L6 Muscle Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20901409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminarin is a component of brown seaweed, especially isolated from Salicornia herbacea. Laminarin was known to have various physiological functions, however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we report that laminarin stimulates an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increases glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes. Laminarin also increases an intracellular calcium release. Inhibition of Ca2+ release, using with CaMKK inhibitor, STO-609, blocked laminarin-induced AMPK activity, indicating that laminarin stimulated AMPK activity via calcium. In addition, laminarin activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways depending on AMPK activity. Moreover, the inhibition of either AMPK or p38 MAPK blocked laminarin-induced glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the hypoglycemic effect of laminarin is caused by its ability to activate AMPK-p38 MAPK pathways in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji H. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung O. Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji W. Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min J. Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won S. Byun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Han
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su J. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun H. Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon S. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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35
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Wong SK, Kamisah Y, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Masbah N, Mohd Fahami NA, Mohamed IN, Shuid AN, Mohd Saad Q, Abdullah A, Mohamad NV, Ibrahim NI, Pang KL, Chow YY, Thong BKS, Subramaniam S, Chan CY, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2020; 12:E259. [PMID: 31963885 PMCID: PMC7019837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.K.W.); (Y.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.A.M.F.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.S.); (Q.M.S.); (A.A.); (N.-V.M.); (N.I.I.); (K.-L.P.); (Y.Y.C.); (B.K.S.T.); (S.S.); (C.Y.C.); (S.I.-N.)
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36
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Anisimova AS, Alexandrov AI, Makarova NE, Gladyshev VN, Dmitriev SE. Protein synthesis and quality control in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4269-4288. [PMID: 30562164 PMCID: PMC6326689 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the accumulation of damage and other deleterious changes, leading to the loss of functionality and fitness. Age-related changes occur at most levels of organization of a living organism (molecular, organellar, cellular, tissue and organ). However, protein synthesis is a major biological process, and thus understanding how it changes with age is of paramount importance. Here, we discuss the relationships between lifespan, aging, protein synthesis and translational control, and expand this analysis to the various aspects of proteome behavior in organisms with age. Characterizing the consequences of changes in protein synthesis and translation fidelity, and determining whether altered translation is pathological or adaptive is necessary for understanding the aging process, as well as for developing approaches to target dysfunction in translation as a strategy for extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Anisimova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander I Alexandrov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E Makarova
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Rimer M. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 regulate neuromuscular junction and myofiber phenotypes in mammalian skeletal muscle. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134671. [PMID: 31805372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a motor neuron of the spinal cord and a skeletal muscle fiber in the periphery. Reciprocal interactions between these excitable cells, and between them and others cell types present within the muscle tissue, shape the development, homeostasis and plasticity of skeletal muscle. An important aim in the field is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular interactions, which include identifying the nature of the signals and receptors involved but also of the downstream intracellular signaling cascades elicited by them. This review focuses on work that shows that skeletal muscle fiber-derived extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), ubiquitous and prototypical intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinases, have modulatory roles in the maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse and in the acquisition and preservation of fiber type identity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendell Rimer
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center and Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Bryan, TX 77807 USA.
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Gharahdaghi N, Rudrappa S, Brook MS, Idris I, Crossland H, Hamrock C, Abdul Aziz MH, Kadi F, Tarum J, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Cegielski J, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Szewczyk NJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ. Testosterone therapy induces molecular programming augmenting physiological adaptations to resistance exercise in older men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1276-1294. [PMID: 31568675 PMCID: PMC6903447 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The andropause is associated with declines in serum testosterone (T), loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), and frailty. Two major interventions purported to offset sarcopenia are anabolic steroid therapies and resistance exercise training (RET). Nonetheless, the efficacy and physiological and molecular impacts of T therapy adjuvant to short-term RET remain poorly defined. METHODS Eighteen non-hypogonadal healthy older men, 65-75 years, were assigned in a random double-blinded fashion to receive, biweekly, either placebo (P, saline, n = 9) or T (Sustanon 250 mg, n = 9) injections over 6 week whole-body RET (three sets of 8-10 repetitions at 80% one-repetition maximum). Subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound of vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, and knee extensor isometric muscle force tests; VL muscle biopsies were taken to quantify myogenic/anabolic gene expression, anabolic signalling, muscle protein synthesis (D2 O), and breakdown (extrapolated). RESULTS Testosterone adjuvant to RET augmented total fat-free mass (P=0.007), legs fat-free mass (P=0.02), and appendicular fat-free mass (P=0.001) gains while decreasing total fat mass (P=0.02). Augmentations in VL muscle thickness, fascicle length, and quadriceps cross-section area with RET occured to a greater extent in T (P < 0.05). Sum strength (P=0.0009) and maximal voluntary contract (e.g. knee extension at 70°) (P=0.002) increased significantly more in the T group. Mechanistically, both muscle protein synthesis rates (T: 2.13 ± 0.21%·day-1 vs. P: 1.34 ± 0.13%·day-1 , P=0.0009) and absolute breakdown rates (T: 140.2 ± 15.8 g·day-1 vs. P: 90.2 ± 11.7 g·day-1 , P=0.02) were elevated with T therapy, which led to higher net turnover and protein accretion in the T group (T: 8.3 ± 1.4 g·day-1 vs. P: 1.9 ± 1.2 g·day-1 , P=0.004). Increases in ribosomal biogenesis (RNA:DNA ratio); mRNA expression relating to T metabolism (androgen receptor: 1.4-fold; Srd5a1: 1.6-fold; AKR1C3: 2.1-fold; and HSD17β3: two-fold); insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling [IGF-1Ea (3.5-fold) and IGF-1Ec (three-fold)] and myogenic regulatory factors; and the activity of anabolic signalling (e.g. mTOR, AKT, and RPS6; P < 0.05) were all up-regulated with T therapy. Only T up-regulated mitochondrial citrate synthase activity (P=0.03) and transcription factor A (1.41 ± 0.2-fold, P=0.0002), in addition to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1-α mRNA (1.19 ± 0.21-fold, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS Administration of T adjuvant to RET enhanced skeletal muscle mass and performance, while up-regulating myogenic gene programming, myocellular translational efficiency and capacity, collectively resulting in higher protein turnover, and net protein accretion. T coupled with RET is an effective short-term intervention to improve muscle mass/function in older non-hypogonadal men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Supreeth Rudrappa
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Matthew S Brook
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Hannah Crossland
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Claire Hamrock
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Hariz Abdul Aziz
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- Division of Sports Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Janelle Tarum
- Division of Sports Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica Cegielski
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham NIHR BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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How do different physical exercise parameters modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy and non-healthy adults? A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Takegaki J, Sase K, Fujita S. Repeated bouts of resistance exercise attenuate mitogen-activated protein-kinase signal responses in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:73-78. [PMID: 31582215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, but repeated bouts gradually attenuate this anabolic effect. Attenuation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation by repetitive resistance exercise is involved in this process, but the mechanism leading to inactivation of mTORC1 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated repetition-dependent changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK), upstream regulators of mTORC1, in a rat resistance-exercise model. Resistance exercise was associated with increased phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Thr389), but its magnitude was decreased with repeated bouts. Additionally, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182), which are MAPKs, decreased with repeated bouts. A similar result was also observed for p90RSK phosphorylation (Thr573). These observations indicate that repeated bouts desensitized ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, subsequently attenuating p90RSK phosphorylation. This reduction in p90RSK phosphorylation may have been partly responsible for the blunting of mTORC1 activation by resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Takegaki
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Kohei Sase
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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Hodson N, West DWD, Philp A, Burd NA, Moore DR. Molecular regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis in response to exercise and nutrients: a compass for overcoming age-related anabolic resistance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1061-C1078. [PMID: 31461340 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00209.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass, a strong predictor of longevity and health in humans, is determined by the balance of two cellular processes, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown. MPS seems to be particularly sensitive to changes in mechanical load and/or nutritional status; therefore, much research has focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms that underpin this cellular process. Furthermore, older individuals display an attenuated MPS response to anabolic stimuli, termed anabolic resistance, which has a negative impact on muscle mass and function, as well as quality of life. Therefore, an understanding of which, if any, molecular mechanisms contribute to anabolic resistance of MPS is of vital importance in formulation of therapeutic interventions for such populations. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms that underpin MPS, which are broadly divided into mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent, mTORC1-independent, and ribosomal biogenesis-related, and describes the evidence that shows how they are regulated by anabolic stimuli (exercise and/or nutrition) in healthy human skeletal muscle. This review also summarizes evidence regarding which of these mechanisms may be implicated in age-related skeletal muscle anabolic resistance and provides recommendations for future avenues of research that can expand our knowledge of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hodson
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel W D West
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daniel R Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kudrna RA, Fry AC, Nicoll JX, Gallagher PM, Prewitt MR. Effect of Three Different Maximal Concentric Velocity Squat Protocols on MAPK Phosphorylation and Endocrine Responses. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1692-1702. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effting PS, Brescianini SMS, Sorato HR, Fernandes BB, Fidelis GDSP, Silva PRLD, Silveira PCL, Nesi RT, Ceddia RB, Pinho RA. Resistance Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress Parameters and TNF-α Content in the Heart of Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:545-552. [PMID: 31038529 PMCID: PMC6555563 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity can be characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation and is
associated with an excesso production of reactive oxygen species, factors
that contribute to coronary heart disease and other cardiomyopathies. Objective To verify the effects of resistance exercise training on oxidative stress and
inflammatory parameters on mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet
(HFD). Methods 24 Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: standard diet (SD), SD + resistance
exercise (SD + RE), diet-induced obesity (DIO), DIO + RE. The animals were
fed SD or HFD for 26 weeks and performed resistance exercises in the last 8
weeks of the study. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) and body weight
monitoring were performed to assess the clinical parameters. Oxidative
stress and inflammation parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue.
Data were expressed by mean and standard deviation (p < 0.05). Results The DIO group had a significant increase in reactive oxygen species levels
and lipid peroxidation with reduction after exercise. Superoxide dismutase
and the glutathione system showed no significant changes in DIO animals,
with an increase in SD + RE. Only catalase activity decreased with both diet
and exercise influence. There was an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α) in the DIO group, characterizing a possible inflammatory
condition, with a decrease when exposed to resistance training (DIO+RE). Conclusion The DIO resulted in a redox imbalance in cardiac tissue, but the RE was able
to modulate these parameters, as well as to control the increase in
TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Souza Effting
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Stella M S Brescianini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Helen R Sorato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Bruna Barros Fernandes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Giulia Dos S Pedroso Fidelis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto L da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Paulo César L Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil.,Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil
| | - Rolando B Ceddia
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Center - York University, Toronto, ON - Canadá
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica do Exercício (LAFIBE) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC - Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício em Saúde (BioEx) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR - Brazil
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Fix DK, VanderVeen BN, Counts BR, Carson JA. Regulation of Skeletal Muscle DRP-1 and FIS-1 Protein Expression by IL-6 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8908457. [PMID: 30918582 PMCID: PMC6408992 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8908457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 signals through the ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein 130 (gp130) transmembrane protein to activate intracellular signaling that includes signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Dynamin-1-like protein (DRP-1) and mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS-1) are key proteins in the process of mitochondrial fission and have emerged as IL-6-sensitive targets. The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression by IL-6 and gp130 signaling in myotubes and skeletal muscle. Fully differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with 100 ng of IL-6 for 24 hours in the presence of gp130siRNA, C188-9 (STAT3 inhibitor), or PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). Male C57BL/6 (B6) and muscle-specific gp130 knockout mice (KO) had IL-6 systemically overexpressed for 2 weeks by transient transfection with 50 ng of an IL-6-expressing or control plasmid in the quadriceps muscles, and the tibialis anterior muscle was analyzed to determine systemic effects of IL-6. IL-6 induced DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression in myotubes 124% and 82% (p = .001) and in skeletal muscle 97% and 187% (p = .001). Myotube gp130 knockdown suppressed the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 68% (p = .002) and FIS-1 65% (p = .001). Muscle KO suppressed the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 220% (p = .001) and FIS-1 121% (p = .001). ERK1/2 inhibition suppressed the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 59% (p = .0003) and FIS-1 102% (p = .0001) in myotubes, while there was no effect of STAT3 inhibition. We report that chronically elevated IL-6 can directly induce DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression through gp130 signaling in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, ERK 1/2 signaling is necessary for the IL-6 induction of DRP-1 and FIS-1 expression in myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K. Fix
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brittany R. Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James A. Carson
- College of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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González-Mariscal I, Montoro RA, O'Connell JF, Kim Y, Gonzalez-Freire M, Liu QR, Alfaras I, Carlson OD, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Hardivillé S, Ghosh P, Egan JM. Muscle cannabinoid 1 receptor regulates Il-6 and myostatin expression, governing physical performance and whole-body metabolism. FASEB J 2019; 33:5850-5863. [PMID: 30726112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, the combination of skeletal muscle mass and function loss with an increase in body fat, is associated with physical limitations, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic stress, and increased risk of mortality. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) plays a critical role in the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism because of its involvement in controlling appetite, fuel distribution, and utilization. Inhibition of CB1R improves insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. We have now developed a skeletal muscle-specific CB1R-knockout (Skm-CB1R-/-) mouse to study the specific role of CB1R in muscle. Muscle-CB1R ablation prevented diet-induced and age-induced insulin resistance by increasing IR signaling. Moreover, muscle-CB1R ablation enhanced AKT signaling, reducing myostatin expression and increasing IL-6 secretion. Subsequently, muscle-CB1R ablation increased myogenesis through its action on MAPK-mediated myogenic gene expression. Consequently, Skm-CB1R-/- mice had increased muscle mass and whole-body lean/fat ratio in obesity and aging. Muscle-CB1R ablation improved mitochondrial performance, leading to increased whole-body muscle energy expenditure and improved physical endurance, with no change in body weight. These results collectively show that CB1R in muscle is sufficient to regulate whole-body metabolism and physical performance and is a novel target for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity. -González-Mariscal, I., Montoro, R. A., O'Connell, J. F., Kim, Y., Gonzalez-Freire, M., Liu, Q.-R., Alfaras, I., Carlson, O. D., Lehrmann, E., Zhang, Y., Becker, K. G., Hardivillé, S., Ghosh, P., Egan, J. M. Muscle cannabinoid 1 receptor regulates Il-6 and myostatin expression, governing physical performance and whole-body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel González-Mariscal
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Montoro
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer F O'Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoo Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stéphan Hardivillé
- Unité Propre de Recherche (UMR) 8576-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionelle (UGSF), Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS), Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Figueiredo VC, McCarthy JJ. Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:30-42. [PMID: 30540235 PMCID: PMC6383632 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is the enzymatic macromolecular machine responsible for protein synthesis. The rates of protein synthesis are primarily dependent on translational efficiency and capacity. Ribosome biogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of skeletal muscle growth and maintenance by altering the translational capacity of the cell. Here, we provide evidence to support a central role for ribosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle growth during postnatal development and in response to resistance exercise training. Furthermore, we discuss the cellular signaling pathways regulating ribosome biogenesis, discuss how myonuclear accretion affects translational capacity, and explore future areas of investigation within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo
- The Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John J McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Liu C, Ding L, Xia Z. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of breast muscle in Pekin ducks supplemented with the dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:844. [PMID: 30486769 PMCID: PMC6264624 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased attention is being paid to breast muscle yield and meat quality in the duck breeding industry. Our previous report has demonstrated that dietary Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can improve meat quality of Pekin ducks. However, the potential biological processes and molecular mechanisms that are modulated by dietary C. butyricum in the breast muscle of Pekin ducks remain unknown. Results Supplementation with C. butyricum increased growth performance and meat yield. Therefore, we utilized de novo assembly methods to analyze the RNA-Seq transcriptome profiles in breast muscle to explore the differentially expressed genes between C. butyricum-treated and control Pekin ducks. A total of 1119 differentially expressed candidate genes were found of which 403 genes were significantly up-regulated and 716 genes were significantly down-regulated significantly. qRT-PCR analysis was used to confirm the accuracy of the of RNA-Seq results. GO annotations revealed potential genes, processes and pathways that may participate in meat quality and muscle development. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes participated in numerous pathways related to muscle development, including ECM-receptor interaction, the MAPK signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. Conclusions This study suggests that long-time dietary supplementation with C. butyricum can modulate muscle development and meat quality via altering the expression patterns of genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways. The findings presented here provide unique insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle development in Pekin ducks in response to dietary C. butyricum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5261-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaxiong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limin Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Daghigh F, Alihemmati A, Karimi P, Habibi P, Ahmadiasl N. Fibrotic and apoptotic markers alteration in ovariectomised rats: addition of swimming training preserves lung architecture. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:286-291. [PMID: 29113500 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1396347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The important role of exercise in pulmonary function during menopause is not well known. Oestrogen deficiency in ageing female mice is accompanied by increase in apoptotic markers such as caspase3 in the lung. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate whether swimming training will ameliorate fibrosis and apoptosis resolution in the ovariectomy-induced lung injury rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD Thirty female rats were assigned to three groups (n = 10 in each group): sham; rats underwent bilateral laparotomy without ovariectomy, OVX; rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy, OVX.Exe; ovariectomised rats that underwent swimming training for eight weeks. At the end of eight weeks, the lungs were harvested and protein expressions in whole lung tissues were analysed by western blotting technique. RESULT Analysis of proteins expression in the lung showed significant differences between exercise and ovariectomised group (p < .05). CONCLUSION The present study indicates strong potential of exercise in experimental oestrogen deficiency-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Daghigh
- a Molecular Biology Department, Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- c Molecular Biology Department, Neurosciences Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- a Molecular Biology Department, Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadiasl
- a Molecular Biology Department, Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Ferbeyre G. Aberrant signaling and senescence associated protein degradation. Exp Gerontol 2018; 107:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Stem cell aging is a process in which stem cells progressively lose their ability to self-renew or differentiate, succumb to senescence or apoptosis, and eventually become functionally depleted. Unresolved oxidative stress and concomitant oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates have been recognized to contribute to stem cell aging. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species and insufficient cellular antioxidant reserves compromise cell repair and metabolic homeostasis, which serves as a mechanistic switch for a variety of aging-related pathways. Understanding the molecular trigger, regulation, and outcomes of those signaling networks is critical for developing novel therapies for aging-related diseases by targeting stem cell aging. Here we explore the key features of stem cell aging biology, with an emphasis on the roles of oxidative stress in the aging process at the molecular level. As a concept of cytoprotection of stem cells in transplantation, we also discuss how systematic enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity before or during graft into tissues can potentially raise the efficacy of clinical therapy. Finally, future directions for elucidating the control of oxidative stress and developing preventive/curative strategies against stem cell aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- 1 State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Chemical Biology Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,2 Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 3 GMH Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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