1
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Woud WW, Pugsley HR, Bettin BA, Varga Z, van der Pol E. Size and fluorescence calibrated imaging flow cytometry: From arbitrary to standard units. Cytometry A 2024. [PMID: 39238272 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) is a technique that can detect, size, and phenotype extracellular vesicles (EVs) at high throughput (thousands/minute) in complex biofluids without prior EV isolation. However, the generated signals are expressed in arbitrary units, which hinders data interpretation and comparison of measurement results between instruments and institutes. While fluorescence calibration can be readily achieved, calibration of side scatter (SSC) signals presents an ongoing challenge for IFCM. Here, we present an approach to relate the SSC signals to particle size for IFCM, and perform a comparability study between three different IFCMs using a plasma EV test sample (PEVTES). SSC signals for different sizes of polystyrene (PS) and hollow organosilica beads (HOBs) were acquired with a 405 nm 120 mW laser without a notch filter before detection. Mie theory was applied to relate scatter signals to particle size. Fluorescence calibration was accomplished with 2 μm phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC) MESF beads. Size and fluorescence calibration was performed for three IFCMs in two laboratories. CD235a-PE and CD61-APC stained PEVTES were used as EV-containing samples. EV concentrations were compared between instruments within a size range of 100-1000 nm and a fluorescence intensity range of 3-10,000 MESF. 81 nm PS beads could be readily discerned from background based on their SSC signals. Fitting of the obtained PS bead SSC signals with Mie theory resulted in a coefficient of determination >0.99 between theory and data for all three IFCMs. 216 nm HOBs were detected with all instruments, and confirmed the sensitivity to detect EVs by SSC. The lower limit of detection regarding EV-size for this study was determined to be ~100 nm for all instruments. Size and fluorescence calibration of IFCM data increased cross-instrument data comparability with the coefficient of variation decreasing from 33% to 21%. Here we demonstrate - for the first time - scatter calibration of an IFCM using the 405 nm laser. The quality of the scatter-to-diameter relation and scatter sensitivity of the IFCMs are similar to the most sensitive commercially available flow cytometers. This development will support the reliability of EV research with IFCM by providing robust standardization and reproducibility, which are pre-requisites for understanding the biological significance of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Woud
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haley R Pugsley
- Application Cytometry, Cytek Biosciences, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Britta A Bettin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Strokotov DI, Nekrasov VM, Gilev KV, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP. Ultraviolet light scattering scanning flow cytometry in the characterization of submicron microparticles. Cytometry A 2023; 103:736-743. [PMID: 37306103 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet lasers are commonly used in flow cytometry to excite fluorochrome molecules with subsequent measurement of the specific fluorescence of individual cells. In this study, the performance of the ultraviolet light scattering (UVLS) in the analysis of individual particles with flow cytometry has been demonstrated for the first time. The main advantage of the UVLS relates to the improvement of the analysis of submicron particles due to the strong dependence of the scattering efficiency on the wavelength of the incident light. In this work, submicron particles were analyzed using a scanning flow cytometer (SFC) that allows measurements of light scattering in an angle-resolved regime. The measured light-scattering profiles of individual particles were utilized in solution of the inverse light-scattering problem to retrieve the particle characteristics using a global optimization. The standard polystyrene microspheres were successfully characterized from the analysis of UVLS which provided the size and refractive index (RI) of individual beads. We believe that the main application of UVLS relates to the analysis of microparticles in a serum, in particular in the analysis of chylomicrons (CMs). We have demonstrated the performance of the UVLS SFC in the analysis of CMs of a donor. The RI versus size scatterplot of CMs was successfully retrieved from the analysis. The current set-up of the SFC has allowed us to characterize individual CMs starting from the size of 160 nm that provides determination of the CM concentration in a serum with flow cytometry. This feature of the UVLS should help with the analysis of lipid metabolism measuring RI and size map evolution after lipase action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav M Nekrasov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Gilev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Biomedical Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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3
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Welsh JA, Arkesteijn GJA, Bremer M, Cimorelli M, Dignat-George F, Giebel B, Görgens A, Hendrix A, Kuiper M, Lacroix R, Lannigan J, van Leeuwen TG, Lozano-Andrés E, Rao S, Robert S, de Rond L, Tang VA, Tertel T, Yan X, Wauben MHM, Nolan JP, Jones JC, Nieuwland R, van der Pol E. A compendium of single extracellular vesicle flow cytometry. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12299. [PMID: 36759917 PMCID: PMC9911638 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) offers a multiparametric technology capable of characterizing single extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, most flow cytometers are designed to detect cells, which are larger than EVs. Whereas cells exceed the background noise, signals originating from EVs partly overlap with the background noise, thereby making EVs more difficult to detect than cells. This technical mismatch together with complexity of EV-containing fluids causes limitations and challenges with conducting, interpreting and reproducing EV FCM experiments. To address and overcome these challenges, researchers from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC), and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) joined forces and initiated the EV FCM working group. To improve the interpretation, reporting, and reproducibility of future EV FCM data, the EV FCM working group published an ISEV position manuscript outlining a framework of minimum information that should be reported about an FCM experiment on single EVs (MIFlowCyt-EV). However, the framework contains limited background information. Therefore, the goal of this compendium is to provide the background information necessary to design and conduct reproducible EV FCM experiments. This compendium contains background information on EVs, the interaction between light and EVs, FCM hardware, experimental design and preanalytical procedures, sample preparation, assay controls, instrument data acquisition and calibration, EV characterization, and data reporting. Although this compendium focuses on EVs, many concepts and explanations could also be applied to FCM detection of other particles within the EV size range, such as bacteria, lipoprotein particles, milk fat globules, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ger J A Arkesteijn
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Bremer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Cimorelli
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Clinical Research Center, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Evox Therapeutics Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine Kuiper
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Metrology Institute, VSL, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Flow Cytometry Support Services, LLC, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shoaib Rao
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Robert
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Leonie de Rond
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera A Tang
- Flow Cytometry & Virometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P Nolan
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, USA
- Cellarcus Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Misinterpretation of solid sphere equivalent refractive index measurements and smallest detectable diameters of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24151. [PMID: 34921157 PMCID: PMC8683472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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5
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Ashraf MW, Le Gratiet A, Diaspro A. Computational Modeling of Chromatin Fiber to Characterize Its Organization Using Angle-Resolved Scattering of Circularly Polarized Light. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193422. [PMID: 34641237 PMCID: PMC8512730 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structural organization of chromatin is essential to comprehend the gene functions. The chromatin organization changes in the cell cycle, and it conforms to various compaction levels. We investigated a chromatin solenoid model with nucleosomes shaped as cylindrical units arranged in a helical array. The solenoid with spherical-shaped nucleosomes was also modeled. The changes in chiral structural parameters of solenoid induced different compaction levels of chromatin fiber. We calculated the angle-resolved scattering of circularly polarized light to probe the changes in the organization of chromatin fiber in response to the changes in its chiral parameters. The electromagnetic scattering calculations were performed using discrete dipole approximation (DDA). In the chromatin structure, nucleosomes have internal interactions that affect chromatin compaction. The merit of performing computations with DDA is that it takes into account the internal interactions. We demonstrated sensitivity of the scattering signal’s angular behavior to the changes in these chiral parameters: pitch, radius, the handedness of solenoid, number of solenoid turns, the orientation of solenoid, the orientation of nucleosomes, number of nucleosomes, and shape of nucleosomes. These scattering calculations can potentially benefit applying a label-free polarized-light-based approach to characterize chromatin DNA and chiral polymers at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Ashraf
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy;
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.W.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Aymeric Le Gratiet
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy;
- Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, Université de Rennes, CNRS, F-22305 Rennes, France
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy;
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.W.A.); (A.D.)
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6
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Emerging technologies and commercial products in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113176. [PMID: 33845291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Academic and industrial groups worldwide have reported technological advances in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the potential translation of these emerging technologies for research and clinical settings remains unknown. This work overviews the role of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, followed by a survey on emerging exosome technologies, particularly microfluidic advances for the isolation and detection of exosomes in cancer research. The advantages and drawbacks of each of the technologies used for the isolation, detection and engineering of exosomes are evaluated to address their clinical challenges for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, commercial platforms for exosomal detection and analysis are introduced, and their performance and impact on cancer diagnosis and prognosis are assessed. Also, the risks associated with the further development of the next generation of exosome devices are discussed. The outcome of this work could facilitate recognizing deliverable Exo-devices and technologies with unprecedented functionality and predictable manufacturability for the next-generation of cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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7
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Circular Intensity Differential Scattering for Label-Free Chromatin Characterization: A Review for Optical Microscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102428. [PMID: 33096877 PMCID: PMC7588990 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular Intensity Differential Scattering (CIDS) provides a differential measurement of the circular right and left polarized light and has been proven to be a gold standard label-free technique to study the molecular conformation of complex biopolymers, such as chromatin. In early works, it has been shown that the scattering component of the CIDS signal gives information from the long-range chiral organization on a scale down to 1/10th-1/20th of the excitation wavelength, leading to information related to the structure and orientation of biopolymers in situ at the nanoscale. In this paper, we review the typical methods and technologies employed for measuring this signal coming from complex macro-molecules ordering. Additionally, we include a general description of the experimental architectures employed for spectroscopic CIDS measurements, angular or spectral, and of the most recent advances in the field of optical imaging microscopy, allowing a visualization of the chromatin organization in situ.
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8
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de Rond L, van der Pol E, Bloemen PR, Van Den Broeck T, Monheim L, Nieuwland R, van Leeuwen TG, Coumans FAW. A Systematic Approach to Improve Scatter Sensitivity of a Flow Cytometer for Detection of Extracellular Vesicles. Cytometry A 2020; 97:582-591. [PMID: 32017331 PMCID: PMC7383638 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are commonly studied by flow cytometry. Due to their small size and low refractive index, the scatter intensity of most EVs is below the detection limit of common flow cytometers. Here, we aim to improve forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) sensitivity of a common flow cytometer to detect single 100 nm EVs. The effects of the optical and fluidics configuration on scatter sensitivity of a FACSCanto (Becton Dickinson) were evaluated by the separation index (SI) and robust coefficient of variation (rCV) of polystyrene beads (BioCytex). Improvement is defined as increased SI and/or reduced rCV. Changing the obscuration bar improved the rCV 1.9‐fold for FSC. A 10‐fold increase in laser power improved the SI 19‐fold for FSC and 4.4‐fold for SSC, whereas the rCV worsened 0.8‐fold and improved 1.5‐fold, respectively. Confocalization worsened the SI 1.2‐fold for FSC, and improved the SI 5.1‐fold for SSC, while the rCV improved 1.1‐fold and worsened 1.5‐fold, respectively. Replacing the FSC photodiode with a photomultiplier tube improved the SI 66‐fold and rCV 4.2‐fold. A 2‐fold reduction in sample stream width improved both SI and rCV for FSC by 1.8‐fold, and for SSC by 1.3‐ and 2.2‐fold, respectively. Decreasing the sample flow velocity worsened rCVs. Decreasing the flow channel dimensions and the pore size of the sheath filter did not substantially change the SI or rCV. Using the optimal optical configuration and fluidics settings, the SI improved 3.8∙104‐fold on FSC and 30‐fold on SSC, resulting in estimated detection limits for EVs (assuming a refractive index of 1.40) of 246 and 91 nm on FSC and SSC, respectively. Although a 50‐fold improvement on FSC is still necessary, these adaptions have produced an operator‐friendly, high‐throughput flow cytometer with a high sensitivity on both SSC and FSC. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie de Rond
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul R Bloemen
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A W Coumans
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Midtvedt D, Eklund F, Olsén E, Midtvedt B, Swenson J, Höök F. Size and Refractive Index Determination of Subwavelength Particles and Air Bubbles by Holographic Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1908-1915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Midtvedt
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Eklund
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erik Olsén
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Midtvedt
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan Swenson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Enciso-Martinez A, van der Pol E, Lenferink ATM, Terstappen LWMM, van Leeuwen TG, Otto C. Synchronized Rayleigh and Raman scattering for the characterization of single optically trapped extracellular vesicles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102109. [PMID: 31669420 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) can be used as biomarkers in diseases like cancer, as their lineage of origin and molecular composition depend on the presence of cancer cells. Recognition of tumor-derived EVs (tdEVs) from other particles and EVs in body fluids requires characterization of single EVs to exploit their biomarker potential. We present here a new method based on synchronized Rayleigh and Raman light scattering from a single laser beam, which optically traps single EVs. Rapidly measured sequences of the Rayleigh scattering amplitude show precisely when an individual EV is trapped and the synchronously acquired Raman spectrum labels every time interval with chemical information. Raman spectra of many single EVs can thus be acquired with great fidelity in an automated manner by blocking the laser beam at regular time intervals. This new method enables single EV characterization from fluids at the single particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Enciso-Martinez
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Aufried T M Lenferink
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cees Otto
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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11
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Su X, Yuan T, Wang Z, Song K, Li R, Yuan C, Kong B. Two-Dimensional Light Scattering Anisotropy Cytometry for Label-Free Classification of Ovarian Cancer Cells via Machine Learning. Cytometry A 2019; 97:24-30. [PMID: 31313517 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We develop a single-mode fiber-based cytometer for the obtaining of two-dimensional (2D) light scattering patterns from static single cells. Anisotropy of the 2D light scattering patterns of single cells from ovarian cancer and normal cell lines is investigated by histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) method. By analyzing the HOG descriptors with support vector machine, an accuracy rate of 92.84% is achieved for the automatic classification of these two kinds of label-free cells. The 2D light scattering anisotropy cytometry combined with machine learning may provide a label-free, automatic method for screening of ovarian cancer cells, and other types of cells. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantao Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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12
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Chernova DN, Konokhova AI, Novikova OA, Yurkin MA, Strokotov DI, Karpenko AA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP. Chylomicrons against light scattering: The battle for characterization. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700381. [PMID: 29603652 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chylomicrons (CMs) are lipoprotein particles circulating in blood and transporting dietary lipids. Optically speaking, CMs are small compared to the wavelength of visible light and widely distributed by the size and refractive index (RI). Consequently, intensity of light scattered by the CMs scales with up to the sixth power of their size, hampering simultaneous analysis of 60 and 600 nm CMs. We present an accurate method for quantitative characterization of large-size CM subpopulation by the distributions over size and RI. For the first time the CM characteristics have been determined at a single particle level based on angle-resolved light-scattering measurements. We applied the developed method to 2 key processes relating to CM metabolism, namely in vivo dynamics of CMs in blood plasma after a meal and in vitro lipolysis of CMs by the lipoprotein lipase in postheparin plasma. We have observed the substantial variations in CM concentration, size and RI distributions. This opens the way for a multitude of medical applications involving screening of CM metabolism, which we exemplified by revealing large differences in CM characteristics after a 12-hour fast between a healthy volunteer and a patient with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya N Chernova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Olga A Novikova
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim A Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karpenko
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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de Rond L, Coumans FAW, Nieuwland R, van Leeuwen TG, van der Pol E. Deriving Extracellular Vesicle Size From Scatter Intensities Measured by Flow Cytometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 86:e43. [PMID: 30168659 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is commonly used to investigate the potential for extracellular vesicles (EVs) to be biomarkers of disease. A typical flow cytometer detects fluorescence and scatter intensities of single EVs in arbitrary units. These arbitrary units complicate data interpretation and data comparison between different flow cytometers. For example, comparison of detected EV concentrations requires knowledge of the detectable EV sizes. Using Mie theory and knowledge of the optical configuration of the flow cytometer, EV size can be derived from the scatter intensity for a given EV refractive index. Here, a protocol is described to derive the size of EVs and other nanoparticles from the scatter intensity. The resulting size distribution allows the comparison of data between flow cytometers, which is a prerequisite for clinical application of EVs as biomarkers and may advance other fields where sizing of nanoparticles is essential. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie de Rond
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vesicle Observation Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A W Coumans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vesicle Observation Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vesicle Observation Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vesicle Observation Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Vesicle Observation Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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van der Pol E, Sturk A, van Leeuwen T, Nieuwland R, Coumans F. Standardization of extracellular vesicle measurements by flow cytometry through vesicle diameter approximation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1236-1245. [PMID: 29575716 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs) concentrations measured by flow cytometers are incomparable. A model is applied to convert ambiguous scatter units to EV diameter in nanometer. Most included flow cytometers lack the sensitivity to detect EVs of 600 nm and smaller. The model outperforms polystyrene beads for comparability of platelet EV concentrations. SUMMARY Background Detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by flow cytometry has poor interlaboratory comparability, owing to differences in flow cytometer (FCM) sensitivity. Previous workshops distributed polystyrene beads to set a scatter-based diameter gate in order to improve the comparability of EV concentration measurements. However, polystyrene beads provide limited insights into the diameter of detected EVs. Objectives To evaluate gates based on the estimated diameter of EVs instead of beads. Methods A calibration bead mixture and platelet EV samples were distributed to 33 participants. Beads and a light scattering model were used to set EV diameter gates in order to measure the concentration of CD61-phycoerythrin-positive platelet EVs. Results Of the 46 evaluated FCMs, 21 FCMs detected the 600-1200-nm EV diameter gate. The 1200-3000-nm EV diameter gate was detected by 31 FCMs, with a measured EV concentration interlaboratory variability of 81% as compared with 139% with the bead diameter gate. Part of the variation in both approaches is caused by precipitation in some of the provided platelet EV samples. Flow rate calibration proved essential because systems configured to 60 μL min-1 differed six-fold in measured flow rates between instruments. Conclusions EV diameter gates improve the interlaboratory variability as compared with previous approaches. Of the evaluated FCMs, 24% could not detect 400-nm polystyrene beads, and such instruments have limited utility for EV research. Finally, considerable differences were observed in sensitivity between optically similar instruments, indicating that maintenance and training affect the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van der Pol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Sturk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Nieuwland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Coumans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Parratt K, Jeong J, Qiu P, Roy K. 3D material cytometry (3DMaC): a very high-replicate, high-throughput analytical method using microfabricated, shape-specific, cell-material niches. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2861-2872. [PMID: 28726912 PMCID: PMC5577978 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Studying cell behavior within 3D material niches is key to understanding cell biology in health and diseases, and developing biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. Current approaches to studying these cell-material niches have low throughput and can only analyze a few replicates per experiment resulting in reduced measurement assurance and analytical power. Here, we report 3D material cytometry (3DMaC), a novel high-throughput method based on microfabricated, shape-specific 3D cell-material niches and imaging cytometry. 3DMaC achieves rapid and highly multiplexed analyses of very high replicate numbers ("n" of 104-106) of 3D biomaterial constructs. 3DMaC overcomes current limitations of low "n", low-throughput, and "noisy" assays, to provide rapid and simultaneous analyses of potentially hundreds of parameters in 3D biomaterial cultures. The method is demonstrated here for a set of 85 000 events containing twelve distinct cell-biomaterial micro-niches along with robust, customized computational methods for high-throughput analytics with potentially unprecedented statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Parratt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332, USA
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16
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Chernyshenko V, Petruk N, Korolova D, Kasatkina L, Gornytska O, Platonova T, Chernyshenko T, Rebriev A, Dzhus O, Garmanchuk L, Lugovskoy E. Antiplatelet and anti-proliferative action of disintegrin from Echis multisquamatis snake venom. Croat Med J 2017; 58:118-127. [PMID: 28409495 PMCID: PMC5410738 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To purify the platelet aggregation inhibitor from Echis multisquamatis snake venom (PAIEM) and characterize its effect on platelet aggregation and HeLa cell proliferation. Methods Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) were used for PAIEM identification. Platelet aggregation in the presence of PAIEM was studied on aggregometer Solar-AP2110. The changes of shape and granularity of platelets in the presence of PAIEM were studied on flow cytometer COULTER EPICS XL, and degranulation of platelets was estimated using spectrofluorimetry. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the determination of target of PAIEM on platelet surface. An assay based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to evaluate the effect of PAIEM on the proliferation of HeLa cells in cell culture. Results The molecular weight of the protein purified from Echis multisquamatis venom was 14.9 kDa. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PAIEM needed to inhibit adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was 7 μM. PAIEM did not affect thrombin- or ADP-induced platelet activation, but it did prevent binding of the anti-IIb antibody to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIbIIIa)-receptor of adhered platelets and inhibited the viability of HeLa cells by 54%. Conclusion As a member of the disintegrin family, PAIEM inhibited platelet aggregation and cell proliferation possibly by blocking integrin-mediated interactions. However, it did not impair cellular signaling causing any changes in platelet shape and granularity and did not affect ADP-induced platelet degranulation. This disintegrin was shown to be a potent inhibitor of integrin-mediated cellular interactions including platelet aggregation or cancer cell proliferation.
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17
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Gilev K, Yastrebova E, Strokotov D, Yurkin M, Karmadonova N, Chernyshev A, Lomivorotov V, Maltsev V. Advanced consumable-free morphological analysis of intact red blood cells by a compact scanning flow cytometer. Cytometry A 2017; 91:867-873. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K.V. Gilev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - E.S. Yastrebova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - D.I. Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52; Novosibirsk 630091 Russia
| | - M.A. Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - N.A. Karmadonova
- Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Rechkunovskaya 15; Novosibirsk 630055 Russia
| | - A.V. Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - V.V. Lomivorotov
- Siberian Biomedical Research Center, Rechkunovskaya 15; Novosibirsk 630055 Russia
| | - V.P. Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2; Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52; Novosibirsk 630091 Russia
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18
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Moreira B, Tuoriniemi J, Kouchak Pour N, Mihalčíková L, Safina G. Surface Plasmon Resonance for Measuring Exocytosis from Populations of PC12 Cells: Mechanisms of Signal Formation and Assessment of Analytical Capabilities. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3069-3077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreira
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jani Tuoriniemi
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Naghmeh Kouchak Pour
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lýdia Mihalčíková
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gulnara Safina
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division
of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 1, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
Research in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is challenged by the small size of the nano-sized particles. Apart from the use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, established technical platforms to visualize, quantify, and characterize nano-sized EVs were lacking. Recently, methodologies to characterize nano-sized EVs have been developed. This chapter aims to summarize physical principles of novel and conventional technologies to be used in the EV field and to discuss advantages and limitations.
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20
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Cointe S, Judicone C, Robert S, Mooberry M, Poncelet P, Wauben M, Nieuwland R, Key NS, Dignat-George F, Lacroix R. Standardization of microparticle enumeration across different flow cytometry platforms: results of a multicenter collaborative workshop. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:187-193. [PMID: 27662257 PMCID: PMC5280151 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The clinical enumeration of microparticles (MPs) is hampered by a lack of standardization. A new strategy to standardize MP counts by flow cytometry was evaluated in a multicenter study. No difference was found between instruments using forward or side scatter as the trigger parameter. This study demonstrated that beads can be used as a standardization tool for MPs. Click to hear the ISTH Academy's webinar on microvesicles SUMMARY: Background Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles resulting from the budding of cellular membranes that have a high potential as emergent biomarkers; however, their clinical relevance is hampered by methodological enumeration concerns and a lack of standardization. Flow cytometry (FCM) remains the most commonly used technique with the best capability to determine the cellular origin of single MPs. However, instruments behave variably depending on which scatter parameter (forward (FSC) or side scatter (SSC)) provides the best resolution to discriminate submicron particles. To overcome this problem, a new approach, based on two sets of selected beads adapted to FSC or SSC-optimized instruments, was recently proposed to reproducibly enumerate platelet-derived MP counts among instruments with different optical systems. Objective The objective was to evaluate this strategy in an international workshop that included 44 laboratories accounting for 52 cytometers of 14 types. Methods/Results Using resolution capability and background noise level as criteria to qualify the instruments, the standardization strategy proved to be compatible with 85% (44/52) of instruments. All instruments correctly ranked the platelet MP (PMP) levels of two platelet-free plasma samples. The inter-laboratory variability of PMP counts was 37% and 28% for each sample. No difference was found between instruments using forward or side-scattered light as the relative sizing parameter. Conclusions Despite remaining limitations, this study is the first to demonstrate a real potential of bead-based strategies for standardization of MP enumeration across different FCM platforms. Additional standardization efforts are still mandatory to evaluate MPs' clinical relevance at a multicenter level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cointe
- VRCM, UMR-S1076, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - C. Judicone
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- R and T Department, BioCytex, Marseille, France
| | - S. Robert
- VRCM, UMR-S1076, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - M.J. Mooberry
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P. Poncelet
- R and T Department, BioCytex, Marseille, France
| | - M. Wauben
- Utrecht University, Dept. Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Fac. Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Nieuwland
- Academic Medical Center, Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. S. Key
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F. Dignat-George
- VRCM, UMR-S1076, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - R. Lacroix
- VRCM, UMR-S1076, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Hematology and Vascular Biology Department, CHU La Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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21
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Konokhova AI, Chernova DN, Strokotov DI, Karpenko AA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP, Yurkin MA. Light-scattering gating and characterization of plasma microparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:115003. [PMID: 27893088 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry method (FCM) is widely used for analysis of cell-derived microparticles (MPs). Numerous efforts are currently aimed to standardize these measurements among different instruments. We push the FCM characterization of MPs to the limit based on rigorous simulation of measured signals. We measured forward- and side-scatter (FSC/SSC) signals and angle-resolved light-scattering profiles (LSPs) of polystyrene microspheres and MPs, including their aggregates, using a scanning flow cytometer (SFC). We used the Mie theory to (1) accurately evaluate instrument detection limits; (2) construct FSC/SSC gates for MPs in absolute scales of size and refractive index (RI); and (3) determine size and RI of individual spherical MPs. LSPs were used for advanced characterization, including differentiation of spherical and nonspherical particles. The proposed absolute FSC/SSC gating is naturally standardized for any FCM instrument, given the knowledge of its optical system and leads to instrument-independent analysis of MPs. The inverse Mie problem has a unique solution only for some regions of size and RI and uncertainties rapidly increase with decreasing size and RI. The developed methods are applicable to any flow cytometer, but are limited by assumption of particle sphericity. The latter can be relaxed only if additional signals, such as LSP, are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya I Konokhova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Darya N Chernova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiacNovosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karpenko
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Rechkunovskaya 15, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiacNovosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim A Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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22
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Zhang W, Zhu L, Zhang F, Lou X, Liu C, Meng X. Evaluating the liquid path stability of a flow cytometer. Cytometry A 2016; 89:941-948. [PMID: 27632708 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision in flow cytometry depends on many factors, the first of which is accurate and stable positioning of the hydrodynamically focused cells. However, no method exists to evaluate the stability of laminar flow and single-cell flow in the flow chamber of the flow cytometer directly because of the small size of the rectangular channel of the flow chamber. In this paper, a method of high-speed particle image velocimetry is proposed to solve this problem. The velocity stability of the particles in the flow chamber is used to evaluate the flow stability of the fluid path of the flow cytometer. The side scattering images of particles are obtained by a high-speed camera. Upon exposure, cells were imaged at random positions in the flow cell, resulting in four different types of the images: blank, inadequate, normal, or overlapped. Normal images were identified utilizing a grey cluster analysis algorithm based on trapezoid whitenization weight functions. A mid-point method is applied to determine the length of the particle track at a fixed exposure time. The variation of the trajectory lengths of the normal images are used to evaluate the stability of the liquid path. Experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of our method in which different diameter microspheres at different flow rates. The results indicate that the standard deviation and relative standard deviation of the trajectory lengths can be used as the evaluation indices of the liquid path stability of the flow cytometer. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Zhang
- School of Instrumentation Science & Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Lianqing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China. .,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xiaoping Lou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xiaochen Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optoelectronics Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
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23
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Lannigan J, Erdbruegger U. Imaging flow cytometry for the characterization of extracellular vesicles. Methods 2016; 112:55-67. [PMID: 27721015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are potent bio-activators and inter-cellular communicators that play an important role in both health and disease. It is for this reason there is a strong interest in understanding their composition and origin, with the hope of using them as important biomarkers or therapeutics. Due to their very small size, heterogeneity, and large numbers there has been a need for better tools to measure them in an accurate and high throughput manner. While traditional flow cytometry has been widely used for this purpose, there are inherent problems with this approach, as these instruments have traditionally been developed to measure whole cells, which are orders of magnitude larger and express many more molecules of identifying epitopes. Imaging flow cytometry, as performed with the ImagestreamX MKII, with its combination of increased fluorescence sensitivity, low background, image confirmation ability and powerful data analysis tools, provides a great tool to accurately evaluate EVs. We present here a comprehensive approach in applying this technology to the study of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lannigan
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Core, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0734, USA.
| | - Uta Erdbruegger
- University of Virginia, Department of Medicine/Nephrology Division, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0133, USA.
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Rupert DLM, Claudio V, Lässer C, Bally M. Methods for the physical characterization and quantification of extracellular vesicles in biological samples. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3164-3179. [PMID: 27495390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our body fluids contain a multitude of cell-derived vesicles, secreted by most cell types, commonly referred to as extracellular vesicles. They have attracted considerable attention for their function as intercellular communication vehicles in a broad range of physiological processes and pathological conditions. Extracellular vesicles and especially the smallest type, exosomes, have also generated a lot of excitement in view of their potential as disease biomarkers or as carriers for drug delivery. In this context, state-of-the-art techniques capable of comprehensively characterizing vesicles in biological fluids are urgently needed. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review presents the arsenal of techniques available for quantification and characterization of physical properties of extracellular vesicles, summarizes their working principles, discusses their advantages and limitations and further illustrates their implementation in extracellular vesicle research. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The small size and physicochemical heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles make their physical characterization and quantification an extremely challenging task. Currently, structure, size, buoyant density, optical properties and zeta potential have most commonly been studied. The concentration of vesicles in suspension can be expressed in terms of biomolecular or particle content depending on the method at hand. In addition, common quantification methods may either provide a direct quantitative measurement of vesicle concentration or solely allow for relative comparison between samples. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The combination of complementary methods capable of detecting, characterizing and quantifying extracellular vesicles at a single particle level promises to provide new exciting insights into their modes of action and to reveal the existence of vesicle subpopulations fulfilling key biological tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah L M Rupert
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginia Claudio
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, CNRS, UMR168, Physico-Chimie Curie, Paris, France.
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25
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Zhang L, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Chen W, Yuan L. Relation between clinical mature and immature lymphocyte cells in human peripheral blood and their spatial label free scattering patterns. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:074301. [PMID: 27475572 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A single living cell's light scattering pattern (LSP) in the horizontal plane, which has been denoted as the cell's "2D fingerprint," may provide a powerful label-free detection tool in clinical applications. We have recently studied the LSP in spatial scattering planes, denoted as the cell's "3D fingerprint," for mature and immature lymphocyte cells in human peripheral blood. The effects of membrane size, morphology, and the existence of the nucleus on the spatial LSP are discussed. In order to distinguish clinical label-free mature and immature lymphocytes, the special features of the spatial LSP are studied by statistical method in both the spatial and frequency domains. Spatial LSP provides rich information on the cell's morphology and contents, which can distinguish mature from immature lymphocyte cells and hence ultimately it may be a useful label-free technique for clinical leukemia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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26
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Zhang L, Chen X, Zhang Z, Chen W, Zhao H, Zhao X, Li K, Yuan L. Scattering pulse of label free fine structure cells to determine the size scale of scattering structures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:044301. [PMID: 27131687 DOI: 10.1063/1.4946781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Scattering pulse is sensitive to the morphology and components of each single label-free cell. The most direct detection result, label free cell's scattering pulse is studied in this paper as a novel trait to recognize large malignant cells from small normal cells. A set of intrinsic scattering pulse calculation method is figured out, which combines both hydraulic focusing theory and small particle's scattering principle. Based on the scattering detection angle ranges of widely used flow cytometry, the scattering pulses formed by cell scattering energy in forward scattering angle 2°-5° and side scattering angle 80°-110° are discussed. Combining the analysis of cell's illuminating light energy, the peak, area, and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of label free cells' scattering pulses for fine structure cells with diameter 1-20 μm are studied to extract the interrelations of scattering pulse's features and cell's morphology. The theoretical and experimental results show that cell's diameter and FWHM of its scattering pulse agree with approximate linear distribution; the peak and area of scattering pulse do not always increase with cell's diameter becoming larger, but when cell's diameter is less than about 16 μm the monotone increasing relation of scattering pulse peak or area with cell's diameter can be obtained. This relationship between the features of scattering pulse and cell's size is potentially a useful but very simple criterion to distinguishing malignant and normal cells by their sizes and morphologies in label free cells clinical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Kaixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Silica Nanoparticles Effects on Blood Coagulation Proteins and Platelets. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:2959414. [PMID: 26881078 PMCID: PMC4736757 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2959414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of nanoparticles with the blood coagulation is important prior to their using as the drug carriers or therapeutic agents. The aim of present work was studying of the primary effects of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on haemostasis in vitro. We studied the effect of SiNPs on blood coagulation directly estimating the activation of prothrombin and factor X and to verify any possible effect of SiNPs on human platelets. It was shown that SiNPs shortened coagulation time in APTT and PT tests and increased the activation of factor X induced by RVV possibly due to the sorption of intrinsic pathway factors on their surface. SiNPs inhibited the aggregation of platelet rich plasma induced by ADP but in the same time partially activated platelets as it was shown using flow cytometry. The possibility of SiNPs usage in nanomedicine is strongly dependant on their final concentration in bloodstream and the size of the particles that are used. However SiNPs are extremely promising as the haemostatic agents for preventing the blood loss after damage.
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Zucker RM, Ortenzio JN, Boyes WK. Characterization, detection, and counting of metal nanoparticles using flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2015; 89:169-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Zucker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; Toxicology Assessment Division (MD-B105-04); North Carolina 27711
| | - Jayna N.R. Ortenzio
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) appointee at the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, USEPA, RTP; North Carolina 27711
| | - William K. Boyes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory; Toxicology Assessment Division (MD-B105-04); North Carolina 27711
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29
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Konokhova AI, Chernova DN, Moskalensky AE, Strokotov DI, Yurkin MA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP. Super-resolved calibration-free flow cytometric characterization of platelets and cell-derived microparticles in platelet-rich plasma. Cytometry A 2015; 89:159-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darya N. Chernova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Alexander E. Moskalensky
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dmitry I. Strokotov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University; 630091 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Maxim A. Yurkin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Andrei V. Chernyshev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Valeri P. Maltsev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University; 630091 Novosibirsk Russia
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Mehdiani A, Maier A, Pinto A, Barth M, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A. An innovative method for exosome quantification and size measurement. J Vis Exp 2015:50974. [PMID: 25650897 PMCID: PMC4354536 DOI: 10.3791/50974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological importance of exosomes has recently gained an increasing amount of scientific and clinical attention, much is still unknown about their complex pathways, their bioavailability and their diverse functions in health and disease. Current work focuses on the presence and the behavior of exosomes (in vitro as well as in vivo) in the context of different human disorders, especially in the fields of oncology, gynecology and cardiology. Unfortunately, neither a consensus regarding a gold standard for exosome isolation exists, nor is there an agreement on such a method for their quantitative analysis. As there are many methods for the purification of exosomes and also many possibilities for their quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is difficult to determine a combination of methods for the ideal approach. Here, we demonstrate nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), a semi-automated method for the characterization of exosomes after isolation from human plasma by ultracentrifugation. The presented results show that this approach for isolation, as well as the determination of the average number and size of exosomes, delivers reproducible and valid data, as confirmed by other methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mehdiani
- Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf
| | - Anatol Maier
- Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf
| | - Mareike Barth
- Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf;
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Research Group Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf
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31
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Konokhova AI, Rodionov AA, Gilev KV, Mikhaelis IM, Strokotov DI, Moskalensky AE, Yurkin MA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP. Enhanced characterisation of milk fat globules by their size, shape and refractive index with scanning flow cytometry. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gardiner C, Shaw M, Hole P, Smith J, Tannetta D, Redman CW, Sargent IL. Measurement of refractive index by nanoparticle tracking analysis reveals heterogeneity in extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:25361. [PMID: 25425324 PMCID: PMC4247498 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optical techniques are routinely used to size and count extracellular vesicles (EV). For comparison of data from different methods and laboratories, suitable calibrators are essential. A suitable calibrator must have a refractive index (RI) as close to that of EV as possible but the RI of EV is currently unknown. To measure EV, RI requires accurate knowledge of size and light scattering. These are difficult to measure as most EVs cannot be resolved by light microscopy and their diameter is smaller than the wavelength of visible light. However, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) provides both size and relative light scattering intensity (rLSI) values. We therefore sought to determine whether it was possible to use NTA to measure the RI of individual EVs. Methods NTA was used to measure the rLSI and size of polystyrene and silica microspheres of known size and RI (1.470 and 1.633, respectively) and of EV isolated from a wide range of cells. We developed software, based on Mie scattering code, to calculate particle RI from the rLSI data. This modelled theoretical scattering intensities for polystyrene and silica microspheres of known size (100 and 200 nm) and RI. The model was verified using data from the polystyrene and silica microspheres. Size and rLSI data for each vesicle were processed by the software to generate RI values. Results The following modal RI measurements were obtained: fresh urinary EV 1.374, lyophilised urinary EV 1.367, neuroblastoma EV 1.393, blood EV 1.398, EV from activated platelets 1.390, small placental EV 1.364–1.375 and 1.398–1.414 for large placental EV (>200 nm). Large placental EV had a significantly higher RI than small placental EV (p<0.0001). The spread of RI values was narrower for small EV than for the more heterogeneous large EV. Discussion Using NTA and Mie scattering theory, we have demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the RI of sub-micron EV using NTA data. EV typically had a modal RI of 1.37–1.39, whereas values of >1.40 were observed for some large (>200 nm) microvesicles. Conclusion This method for measuring EV RI will be useful for developing appropriate calibrators for EV measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gardiner
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK;
| | - Michael Shaw
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Dionne Tannetta
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher W Redman
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian L Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3 Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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van der Pol E, Coumans FAW, Sturk A, Nieuwland R, van Leeuwen TG. Refractive index determination of nanoparticles in suspension using nanoparticle tracking analysis. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6195-201. [PMID: 25256919 DOI: 10.1021/nl503371p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index (RI) dictates interaction between light and nanoparticles and therefore is important to health, environmental, and materials sciences. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we have determined the RI of heterogeneous particles <500 nm in suspension. We demonstrate feasibility of distinguishing silica and polystyrene beads based on their RI. The hitherto unknown RI of extracellular vesicles from human urine was determined at 1.37 (mean). This method enables differentiation of single nanoparticles based on their RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin van der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ‡ Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Moskalensky AE, Strokotov DI, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP, Yurkin MA. Additivity of light-scattering patterns of aggregated biological particles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:085004. [PMID: 25104406 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper is focused on light scattering by aggregates of optically soft particles with a size larger than the wavelength, in particular, blood platelets. We conducted a systematic simulation of light scattering by dimers and larger aggregates of blood platelets, each modeled as oblate spheroids, using the discrete dipole approximation. Two-dimensional (2-D) light scattering patterns (LSPs) and internal fields showed that the multiple scattering between constituent particles can be neglected. Additionally, we derived conditions of the scattering angle and orientation of the dimer, under which the averaging of the 2-D LSPs over the azimuthal scattering angle washes out interference in the far field, resulting in averaged LSPs of the aggregate being equal to the sum of that for its constituents. We verified theoretical conclusions using the averaged LSPs of blood platelets measured with the scanning flow cytometer (SFC). Moreover, we obtained similar results for a model system of aggregates of polystyrene beads, studied both experimentally and theoretically. Finally, we discussed the potential of discriminating platelet aggregates from monomers using the SFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Moskalensky
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiacNovosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Maxim A Yurkin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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van der Pol E, Coumans FAW, Grootemaat AE, Gardiner C, Sargent IL, Harrison P, Sturk A, van Leeuwen TG, Nieuwland R. Particle size distribution of exosomes and microvesicles determined by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and resistive pulse sensing. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1182-92. [PMID: 24818656 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enumeration of extracellular vesicles has clinical potential as a biomarker for disease. In biological samples, the smallest and largest vesicles typically differ 25-fold in size, 300,000-fold in concentration, 20,000-fold in volume, and 10,000,000-fold in scattered light. Because of this heterogeneity, the currently employed techniques detect concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 10(12) vesicles mL(-1) . OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the large variation in the detected concentration of vesicles is caused by the minimum detectable vesicle size of five widely used techniques. METHODS The size and concentration of vesicles and reference beads were measured with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a conventional flow cytometer, a flow cytometer dedicated to detecting submicrometer particles, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and resistive pulse sensing (RPS). RESULTS Each technique gave a different size distribution and a different concentration for the same vesicle sample. CONCLUSION Differences between the detected vesicle concentrations are primarily caused by differences between the minimum detectable vesicle sizes. The minimum detectable vesicle sizes were 70-90 nm for NTA, 70-100 nm for RPS, 150-190 nm for dedicated flow cytometry, and 270-600 nm for conventional flow cytometry. TEM could detect the smallest vesicles present, albeit after adhesion on a surface. Dedicated flow cytometry was most accurate in determining the size of reference beads, but is expected to be less accurate on vesicles, owing to heterogeneity of the refractive index of vesicles. Nevertheless, dedicated flow cytometry is relatively fast and allows multiplex fluorescence detection, making it most applicable to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van der Pol
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dinkla S, Brock R, Joosten I, Bosman GJCGM. Gateway to understanding microparticles: standardized isolation and identification of plasma membrane-derived vesicles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1657-68. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small plasma membrane-derived vesicles that can expose molecules originating from their parental cells. As vectors of biological information they are likely to play an active role in both homeostasis and pathogenesis, making them promising biomarkers and nanomedicine tools. Therefore, there is an urgent need for standardization of MP isolation and analysis protocols to propel our understanding of MP biology to the next level. Based on current methodology and recent insights, this review proposes an optimized protocol for the isolation and biochemical characterization of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sip Dinkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine – Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen Institute for Infection Inflammation and Immunity, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine – Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen Institute for Infection Inflammation and Immunity, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel JCGM Bosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mannello F, Ligi D, Magnani M. Deciphering the single-cell omic: innovative application for translational medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:635-48. [PMID: 23256674 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditional technologies to investigate system biology are limited by the detection of parameters resulting from the averages of large populations of cells, missing cells produced in small numbers, and attempting to uniform the heterogeneity. The advent of proteomics and genomics at a single-cell level has set the basis for an outstanding improvement in analytical technology and data acquisition. It has been well demonstrated that cellular heterogeneity is closely related to numerous stochastic transcriptional events leading to variations in patterns of expression among single genetically identical cells. The new-generation technology of single-cell analysis is able to better characterize a cell's population, identifying and differentiating outlier cells, in order to provide both a single-cell experiment and a corresponding bulk measurement, through the identification, quantification and characterization of all system biology aspects (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, degradomics and fluxomics). The movement of omics into single-cell analysis represents a significant and outstanding shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Unit of Cell Biology, University Carlo Bo, Via O Ubaldini 7, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
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van der Pol E, Coumans F, Varga Z, Krumrey M, Nieuwland R. Innovation in detection of microparticles and exosomes. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11 Suppl 1:36-45. [PMID: 23809109 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived or extracellular vesicles, including microparticles and exosomes, are abundantly present in body fluids such as blood. Although such vesicles have gained strong clinical and scientific interest, their detection is difficult because many vesicles are extremely small with a diameter of less than 100 nm, and, moreover, these vesicles have a low refractive index and are heterogeneous in both size and composition. In this review, we focus on the relatively high throughput detection of vesicles in suspension by flow cytometry, resistive pulse sensing, and nanoparticle tracking analysis, and we will discuss their applicability and limitations. Finally, we discuss four methods that are not commercially available: Raman microspectroscopy, micro nuclear magnetic resonance, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and anomalous SAXS. These methods are currently being explored to study vesicles and are likely to offer novel information for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van der Pol
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre of University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Konokhova AI, Gelash AA, Yurkin MA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP. High-precision characterization of individualE. colicell morphology by scanning flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2013; 83:568-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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