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Aghajanova L, Sundaram V, Kao CN, Letourneau JM, Manvelyan E, Cedars MI, Huddleston HG. Autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment for moderate-severe Asherman syndrome: the first experience. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2955-2963. [PMID: 34613578 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of Asherman syndrome (AS) presents a significant clinical challenge. Based on our in vitro data showing that PRP could activate endometrial cell proliferation and migration, we hypothesized that intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) may improve endometrial regeneration and fertility outcomes in patients with moderate-severe AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects with moderate-severe AS were randomized to PRP or saline control administered following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. Due to relative inability to randomize patients to the control group, after initial randomization of 10 subjects (6 in PRP and 4 in control groups), the remainder were prospectively enrolled in PRP group (n = 9), with 11 historic controls added to control group, for a total of 30 subjects (PRP n = 15; saline control n = 15). Right after hysteroscopy, 0.5-1 mL of PRP or saline was infused into the uterus via a Wallace catheter, followed by estrogen therapy. The primary outcomes were changes in endometrial thickness (EMT, checked in 3 weeks) and in menstrual flow; secondary outcomes were pregnancy and live birth rates. EMT and menstrual bleeding pattern were assessed before and after the intervention. Pregnancy was assessed over a 6-month period. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in age, gravidity/parity, cause of AS, preoperative menses assessment, AS hysteroscopy score, and intrauterine balloon placement between the groups. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.79) in EMT pre-PRP infusion for control (5.7 mm, 4.0-6.0) and study arm (5.3 mm, 4.9-6.0). There was no statistically significant change (p = 0.78) in EMT after PRP infusion (1.4 mm, - 0.5-2.4) vs saline (1.0 mm, 0.0-2.5). Patients tolerated the procedure well, with no adverse effects. There was no difference in the predicted likelihood of pregnancy (p = 0.45) between the control (0.67, 0.41-0.85) and study arm (0.53, 0.29-0.76). CONCLUSIONS PRP was well accepted and tolerated in AS patients. However, we did not observe any significant EMT increase or improved pregnancy rates after adding PRP infusion, compared to standard treatment only. The use of intrauterine PRP infusion may be a feasible option, and its potential use must be tested on a larger sample size of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Aghajanova
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1195 West Fremont Avenue, MC 7717, Sunnyvale, CA, 94087, USA.
| | - Viji Sundaram
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ning Kao
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Letourneau
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evelyna Manvelyan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcelle I Cedars
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather G Huddleston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Delgado D, Bilbao AM, Beitia M, Garate A, Sánchez P, González-Burguera I, Isasti A, López De Jesús M, Zuazo-Ibarra J, Montilla A, Domercq M, Capetillo-Zarate E, García del Caño G, Sallés J, Matute C, Sánchez M. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cellular Populations of the Central Nervous System: The Influence of Donor Age. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041725. [PMID: 33572157 PMCID: PMC7915891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biologic therapy that promotes healing responses across multiple medical fields, including the central nervous system (CNS). The efficacy of this therapy depends on several factors such as the donor's health status and age. This work aims to prove the effect of PRP on cellular models of the CNS, considering the differences between PRP from young and elderly donors. Two different PRP pools were prepared from donors 65‒85 and 20‒25 years old. The cellular and molecular composition of both PRPs were analyzed. Subsequently, the cellular response was evaluated in CNS in vitro models, studying proliferation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and inflammation. While no differences in the cellular composition of PRPs were found, the molecular composition of the Young PRP showed lower levels of inflammatory molecules such as CCL-11, as well as the presence of other factors not found in Aged PRP (GDF-11). Although both PRPs had effects in terms of reducing neural progenitor cell apoptosis, stabilizing neuronal synapses, and decreasing inflammation in the microglia, the effect of the Young PRP was more pronounced. In conclusion, the molecular composition of the PRP, conditioned by the age of the donors, affects the magnitude of the biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ane Miren Bilbao
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Ane Garate
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Pello Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Imanol González-Burguera
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-B.); (G.G.d.C.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Amaia Isasti
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maider López De Jesús
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jone Zuazo-Ibarra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gontzal García del Caño
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.G.-B.); (G.G.d.C.)
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Joan Sallés
- Bioaraba, Neurofarmacología Celular y Molecular, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.I.); (M.L.D.J.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, CIBERNED and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.Z.-I.); (A.M.); (M.D.); (E.C.-Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (D.D.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (P.S.)
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945-252077
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Wooten S, Draelos ZD, Kellar RS, Rheins L. The Role of Platelet Homeostasis in a Novel Topical PRP Formulation. J Drugs Dermatol 2020; 19:1215-1218. [PMID: 33346518 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.2020.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical platelet-rich plasma (PRP) must demonstrate stability to insure biologic activity in aesthetic medicine. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of platelet homeostasis in a novel PRP topical cosmetic formulation to provide facial appearance improvement. METHODS The stability of the topical PRP formulation was evaluated in vitro followed by clinical in vivo testing. The in vitro evaluation examined platelet stability and morphology over a 90-day period within the preservative cosmetic base utilizing ELISA and light microscopy (LM)/scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vivo clinical study enrolled 20 subjects in a 120-day double blind split face study to evaluate the effect of 5–7x concentrated PRP compared to 2–3x concentrated PRP on facial photoaging. Cosmetic effect was evaluated by the subject and the dermatologist investigator on a 5-point ordinal scale at baseline, week 8, and week 16. RESULTS 90-day stability for the topical PRP formulation was verified via ELISA and LM/SEM. ELISA showed the PRP was more inactive than control conditions via analyte concentration curves (PDGF-AB, EGF, and P-Selectin). LM/SEM demonstrated the PRP had less aggregation/activation over time within the cosmetic base and that refrigeration is superior to room-temperature storage thus delaying full platelet degranulation. The in vivo clinical study demonstrated parity between 20ml and 60ml PRP in terms of clinical efficacy. CONCLUSION Platelets remain viable for up to 90 days in a refrigerated cosmetic vehicle with demonstrated topical clinical PRP facial benefits. PRP kits of 20ml and 60ml volumes for topical PRP are equally efficacious. J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(12): doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5495.
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Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, Lana JF, Mautner K. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207794. [PMID: 33096812 PMCID: PMC7589810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Everts
- Gulf Coast Biologics, Research and Science Division, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-239-848-9555
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - José Fábio Lana
- The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Emory Sports Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
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5
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Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, Lana JF, Mautner K. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794);select dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(78)||chr(83)||chr(109)||chr(74),5) from dual--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Everts
- Gulf Coast Biologics, Research and Science Division, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José Fábio Lana
- The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Emory Sports Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, Lana JF, Mautner K. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794);select dbms_pipe.receive_message(chr(114)||chr(122)||chr(104)||chr(84),5) from dual--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Everts
- Gulf Coast Biologics, Research and Science Division, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José Fábio Lana
- The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Emory Sports Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, Lana JF, Mautner K. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794);waitfor delay '0:0:5'--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Everts
- Gulf Coast Biologics, Research and Science Division, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José Fábio Lana
- The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Emory Sports Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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8
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Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, Lana JF, Mautner K. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [PMID: 33096812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207794;select sleep(5)#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic complex and recalcitrant wounds. PRP therapy is based on the fact that platelet growth factors (PGFs) support the three phases of wound healing and repair cascade (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling). Many different PRP formulations have been evaluated, originating from human, in vitro, and animal studies. However, recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding PRP technology and the concepts for bioformulation, and new research directives and new indications have been suggested. In this review, we will discuss recent developments regarding PRP preparation and composition regarding platelet dosing, leukocyte activities concerning innate and adaptive immunomodulation, serotonin (5-HT) effects, and pain killing. Furthermore, we discuss PRP mechanisms related to inflammation and angiogenesis in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Lastly, we will review the effect of certain drugs on PRP activity, and the combination of PRP and rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Everts
- Gulf Coast Biologics, Research and Science Division, Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA
| | - Kentaro Onishi
- Department of PM&R and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José Fábio Lana
- The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Indaiatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Mautner
- Emory Sports Medicine and Primary Care Sports Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Abstract
Platelet concentrates (PCs), mostly represented by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are autologous biological blood-derived products that may combine plasma/platelet-derived bioactive components, together with fibrin-forming protein able to create a natural three-dimensional scaffold. These types of products are safely used in clinical applications due to the autologous-derived source and the minimally invasive application procedure. In this narrative review, we focus on three main topics concerning the use of platelet concentrate for treating musculoskeletal conditions: (a) the different procedures to prepare PCs, (b) the composition of PCs that is related to the type of methodological procedure adopted and (c) the clinical application in musculoskeletal medicine, efficacy and main limits of the different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Mariani
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e rigenerazione tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366803
| | - Lia Pulsatelli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e rigenerazione tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Vinod E, Vinod Francis D, Manickam Amirtham S, Sathishkumar S, Boopalan PRJVC. Allogeneic platelet rich plasma serves as a scaffold for articular cartilage derived chondroprogenitors. Tissue Cell 2019; 56:107-113. [PMID: 30736898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Limited self-restorative ability of the cartilage has necessitated the use of cell and tissue engineering based therapies. Recent advances in the isolation, expansion and characterization of articular cartilage derived chondroprogenitors(CPs) has gained popularity in its role for cartilage repair. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a reliable biological scaffold for in-vitro and in-vivo studies with reported therapeutic applications in cartilage and bone pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether human allogeneic PRP could serve as a biological scaffold for chondroprogenitors (CPs) in cartilage repair. CPs were isolated from the superficial layer of three osteoarthritic knee joints by fibronectin adhesion assay and characterized using flow cytometric analysis. Allogeneic citrated blood was harvested from three subjects to obtain PRP. CPs at a concentration of one million cells per ml were gelled with PRP using calcium chloride. The PRP-CP scaffolds were subjected for adipogeneic, osteogenic, chondrogeneic differentiation and processed for post differentiation-staining studies (Oil Red O, Von Kossa, Alcian blue staining), immunofluorescence (collagen II) and live dead assays (Calcein AM-Ethidium Homodimer). We show that PRP was able to sustain CP cell viability and differentiate towards adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage under appropriate culture conditions. We also noted positive extracellular matrix production in PRP-CP scaffolds cultured without chondrogenic supplementation. Our results suggest that PRP could be a promising bio-active scaffold due to its synergistic effect in supporting cell proliferation, maintaining cell viability and favoring extracellular matrix production. PRP can be used as biological scaffold for the delivery of CPs in cartilage healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India - 632002; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India - 632002
| | | | | | | | - P R J V C Boopalan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India - 632004; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India - 632002.
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Epifanova MV, Chalyi ME, Krasnov AO. [Investigation of mechanisms of action of growth factors of autologous platelet-rich plasma used to treat erectile dysfunction]. Urologiia 2017:46-48. [PMID: 28952692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of growth factors (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, VEGF, VEGF-D, FGF-acid, FGF-basic) and platelets in various modifications of APRP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood of 12 male volunteers (control group) and 12 patients with ED was used to prepare APRP and the subsequently determine the concentration of growth factors. The growth factor concentrations (FGF acid, FGF basic, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, VEGF, VEGF-D) was determined using a flow cytometry-based xMAP Luminex (Gen-Probe) system. RESULTS Concentration of platelets in APRP obtained by two stage centrifugation, reached 1480 (1120-1644) in the control group and 1232 (956-1502) in patients with ED. The concentration of growth factors in the samples prepared without preliminary freezing was: PDGF-AA 842 (22-3700), PDGF-BB 2837 (1460-4100), FGF-basic 7.9 (0.28-127), FGF-acid 3, 4 (0.14-11), VEGF 19 (4.6-46), VEGF-D 21 (14-38). After thawing, the concentration of all growth factors in the samples increased. DISCUSSION The study findings suggest that the mechanism of erectile function recovery following the use of APRP is through the active substances detected in APRP, i.e. FGF-basic, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, VEGF, VEGF-D and FGF-acid. Also, the study showed that the content of growth factors in APRP after of freezing/thawing is higher than in APRP that has not been frozen. This is due to the cell membrane destruction at extremely low temperatures during freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Epifanova
- Research Institute for Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of Minzdrav of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M E Chalyi
- Research Institute for Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of Minzdrav of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A O Krasnov
- Research Institute for Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of Minzdrav of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is currently used for its property to improve tissue regeneration and wound healing. Platelet derived growth factors are involved in tissue regeneration and new vessels formation that could improve a free flap survival. Nevertheless to validate the use of regenerative medicine in microsurgery further large and robust human clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hersant
- Department of Maxillo-facial and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S La Padula
- Department of Maxillo-facial and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - M SidAhmed-Mezi
- Department of Maxillo-facial and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - A M Rodriguez
- Inserm U955, Team 12, université Paris Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - J P Meningaud
- Department of Maxillo-facial and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
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Mosahebi A. Commentary on: Platelet Rich Plasma Augments Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37:730. [PMID: 28333322 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjw269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Mosahebi
- Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Picard F, Hersant B, La Padula S, Meningaud JP. Platelet-rich plasma-enriched autologous fat graft in regenerative and aesthetic facial surgery: Technical note. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 118:228-231. [PMID: 28576462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of adding platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to autologous fat graft is to increase the survival rate of the graft. After their activation, platelets release some important growth factors. As a result, PRP may increase the proliferation and differentiation of Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into adipocytes, improve fat graft vascularisation, and may block the apoptosis of grafted adipocytes. The other benefit expected from the addition of PRP to fat graft is the improvement of cutaneous trophicity above the grafted areas. An exhaustive review of the literature retrieved 11 clinical studies on humans and 7 on animals. A statistically significant increase of the survival rate of fat grafts has been found in 9 comparative studies. Our synthesis allowed us to set up the following protocol: addition of 20% of PRP activated with calcium hydrochloride to fat grafts. It may enhance the results of autologous facial fat graft in regenerative and aesthetic facial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Picard
- Department of plastic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - B Hersant
- Department of plastic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S La Padula
- Department of plastic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - J-P Meningaud
- Department of plastic, reconstructive and maxillofacial surgery, Henri-Mondor hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
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15
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Moghadam A, Khozani TT, Mafi A, Namavar MR, Dehghani F. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Kidney Regeneration in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:13-21. [PMID: 27914126 PMCID: PMC5143284 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a source of growth factors may induce tissue repairing and improve fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the effects of PRP on kidney regeneration and fibrosis in gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity rat model by stereological study. Thirty-two male rats were selected. Nephrotoxicity was induced in animals by administration of GM (80 mg/kg/daily, intraperitoneally [IP], 8 day) and animals were treated by PRP (100 μL, intra-cortical injection using surgical microscopy, single dose). Blood samples were collected for determine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) before and after PRP therapy. At the end of experiment, right kidneys were sectioned by Isotropic Uniform Random (IUR) method and stained with H & E and Masson's Trichrome. The stereological methods were used for estimating the changes in different structures of kidney. PRP increased the number of epithelial cells in convoluted tubules, and decreased the volume of connective tissue, renal corpuscles and glomeruli in GM-treated animals (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that PRP had beneficial effects on proliferation of epithelial cells in convoluted tubules and ameliorated GM-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Moghadam
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Afsaneh Mafi
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Konokhova AI, Chernova DN, Strokotov DI, Karpenko AA, Chernyshev AV, Maltsev VP, Yurkin MA. Light-scattering gating and characterization of plasma microparticles. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:115003. [PMID: 27893088 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry method (FCM) is widely used for analysis of cell-derived microparticles (MPs). Numerous efforts are currently aimed to standardize these measurements among different instruments. We push the FCM characterization of MPs to the limit based on rigorous simulation of measured signals. We measured forward- and side-scatter (FSC/SSC) signals and angle-resolved light-scattering profiles (LSPs) of polystyrene microspheres and MPs, including their aggregates, using a scanning flow cytometer (SFC). We used the Mie theory to (1) accurately evaluate instrument detection limits; (2) construct FSC/SSC gates for MPs in absolute scales of size and refractive index (RI); and (3) determine size and RI of individual spherical MPs. LSPs were used for advanced characterization, including differentiation of spherical and nonspherical particles. The proposed absolute FSC/SSC gating is naturally standardized for any FCM instrument, given the knowledge of its optical system and leads to instrument-independent analysis of MPs. The inverse Mie problem has a unique solution only for some regions of size and RI and uncertainties rapidly increase with decreasing size and RI. The developed methods are applicable to any flow cytometer, but are limited by assumption of particle sphericity. The latter can be relaxed only if additional signals, such as LSP, are measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya I Konokhova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Darya N Chernova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiacNovosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei A Karpenko
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Rechkunovskaya 15, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V Chernyshev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiacNovosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim A Yurkin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, RussiabNovosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Augustine TN, van der Spuy WJ, Kaberry LL, Shayi M. Thrombin-Mediated Platelet Activation of Lysed Whole Blood and Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Comparison Between Platelet Activation Markers and Ultrastructural Alterations. Microsc Microanal 2016; 22:630-639. [PMID: 27329313 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet ultrastructural alterations representing spurious activation have been identified in pathological conditions. A limitation of platelet studies is that sample preparation may lead to artifactual activation processes which may confound results, impacting the use of scanning electron microscopy as a supplemental diagnostic tool. We used scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry to analyze platelet activation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood (WB) samples. PRP generated using a single high g force centrifugation, and WB samples treated with a red blood cell lysis buffer, were exposed to increasing concentrations of the agonist thrombin. Platelets in lysed WB samples responded to thrombin by elevating the activation marker CD62p definitively, with corresponding ultrastructural changes indicating activation. Conversely, CD62p expression in PRP preparations remained static. Ultrastructural analysis revealed fully activated platelets even under low concentration thrombin stimulation, with considerable fibrin deposition. It is proposed that the method for PRP production induced premature platelet activation, preventable by using an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and fibrin polymerization. Nevertheless, our results show a definitive correspondence between flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy in platelet activation studies, highlighting the potential of the latter technique as a supplemental diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg,South Africa
| | - Wendy J van der Spuy
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg,South Africa
| | - Lindsay L Kaberry
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg,South Africa
| | - Millicent Shayi
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg,South Africa
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products obtained from canine blood by use of a variety of commercially available devices. SAMPLE Blood samples from 15 dogs between 18 months and 9 years of age with no concurrent disease, except for osteoarthritis in some dogs. PROCEDURES PRP products were produced from blood obtained from each of the 15 dogs by use of each of 5 commercially available PRP-concentrating systems. Complete blood counts were performed on each whole blood sample and PRP product. The degree of platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentration or reduction for PRP, compared with results for the whole blood sample, was quantified for each dog and summarized for each concentrating system. RESULTS The various PRP-concentrating systems differed substantially in the amount of blood processed, method of PRP preparation, amount of PRP produced, and platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentrations or reductions for PRP relative to results for whole blood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The characteristics of PRP products differed considerably. Investigators evaluating the efficacy of PRPs need to specify the characteristics of the product they are assessing. Clinicians should be aware of the data (or lack of data) supporting use of a particular PRP for a specific medical condition.
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Rigotti G, Charles-de-Sá L, Gontijo-de-Amorim NF, Takiya CM, Amable PR, Borojevic R, Benati D, Bernardi P, Sbarbati A. Expanded Stem Cells, Stromal-Vascular Fraction, and Platelet-Rich Plasma Enriched Fat: Comparing Results of Different Facial Rejuvenation Approaches in a Clinical Trial. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:261-70. [PMID: 26879294 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, the authors demonstrated that treatment with expanded adipose-derived stem cells or stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-enriched fat modify the pattern of the dermis in human beings, representing a skin rejuvenation effect. Considering that expanded stem cells require a cell factor, the authors wanted to assess similar results by replacing them with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is easier to obtain and for which an empirical regenerative effect has been already described. OBJECTIVES To determine if PRP injection could replace the cutaneous regenerative effect of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS This study was performed in 13 patients who were candidates for facelift. The patients underwent sampling of fat by liposuction from the abdomen and submitted to one of three protocols: injection of SVF-enriched fat or expanded adipose-derived stem cells or fat plus PRP in the preauricular areas. Fragments of skin were removed before and 3 months after treatment and analyzed by optical and electron microscopy. RESULTS The use of fat plus PRP led to the presence of more pronounced inflammatory infiltrates and a greater vascular reactivity, increasing in vascular permeability and a certain reactivity of the nervous component. The addition of PRP did not improve the regenerative effect. CONCLUSION The use of PRP did not have significant advantages in skin rejuvenation over the use of expanded adipose-derived stem cells or SVF-enriched fat. The effect of increased vascular reactivity may be useful in pathological situations in which an intense angiogenesis is desirable, such as tissular ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Rigotti
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Charles-de-Sá
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natale Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola Romina Amable
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Donatella Benati
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Dr Rigotti is Chief of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy. Dr Charles-de-Sá is PhD student and Dr Takiya is a Professor, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr Ferreira Gontijo-de-Amorim is a PhD course student at Verona University, Drs Benati and Berdardi are Researchers, and Dr Sbarbati is a Professor and Chief, Department of Neurological and Motor Science, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Italy. Dr Amable is a Researcher and Dr Borojevic is Chief, Excellion Biomedical Services, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Koessler J, Hermann S, Weber K, Koessler A, Kuhn S, Boeck M, Kobsar A. Role of Purinergic Receptor Expression and Function for Reduced Responsiveness to Adenosine Diphosphate in Washed Human Platelets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147370. [PMID: 26808867 PMCID: PMC4725951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Washing of platelets is an important procedure commonly used for experimental studies, e.g. in cardiovascular research. As a known phenomenon, responsiveness to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is reduced in washed platelets, although underlying molecular mechanisms—potentially interfering with experimental results—have not been thoroughly studied. Objectives Since ADP mediates its effects via three purinergic receptors P2Y1, P2X1 and P2Y12, their surface expression and function were investigated in washed platelets and, for comparison, in platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) at different time points for up to 2 hours after preparation. Results In contrast to PRP, flow cytometric analysis of surface expression in washed platelets revealed an increase of all receptors during the first 60 minutes after preparation followed by a significant reduction, which points to an initial preactivation of platelets and consecutive degeneration. The activity of the P2X1 receptor (measured by selectively induced calcium flux) was substantially maintained in both PRP and washed platelets. P2Y12 function (determined by flow cytometry as platelet reactivity index) was partially reduced after platelet washing compared to PRP, but remained stable in course of ongoing storage. However, the function of the P2Y1 receptor (measured by selectively induced calcium flux) continuously declined after preparation of washed platelets. Conclusion In conclusion, decreasing ADP responsiveness in washed platelets is particularly caused by impaired activity of the P2Y1 receptor associated with disturbed calcium regulation, which has to be considered in the design of experimental studies addressing ADP mediated platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Koessler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephanie Hermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Weber
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Koessler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuhn
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Boeck
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kobsar
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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21
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Halenova TI, Nikolaeva IV, Nakonechna AV, Bolibrukh KB, Monka NY, Lubenets VI, Savchuk OM, Novikov VP, Ostapchenko LI. THE SEARCH OF COMPOUNDS WITH ANTIAGGREGATION ACTIVITY AMONG S-ESTERS OF THIOSULFONIC ACIDS. Ukr Biochem J 2015; 87:83-92. [PMID: 26717599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the current understanding, the hyperactivation of platelets may lead to increased intravascular coagulation and thrombosis. Today a relevant issue is the search for new anti-thrombotic agents that are able to modulate the activity of platelet receptors, thus, influence the processes of activation and aggregation of platelets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of newly synthesized thiosulfonate derivatives on platelet aggregation. The activity of the compounds was tested in vitro using platelet-rich plasma. As a result of the screening test, structural formulas of four agents with high antiaggregative activity were established. These compounds inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Two of these compounds were shown to be more effective inhibitors of aggregation induced by ADP (IC50 - 8-10 μM), as well as collagen (IC50 - 1.5-2.0 μM).
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Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of autologous plasma that has a higher platelet concentration above baseline. It has already been approved as a new therapeutic modality and investigated in clinics, such as bone repair and regeneration, and oral surgery, with low cost-effectiveness ratio. At present, PRP is mostly prepared using a centrifuge. However, this method has several shortcomings, such as long preparation time (30 min), complexity in operation, and contamination of red blood cells (RBCs). In this paper, a new PRP preparation approach was proposed and tested. Ultrasound waves (4.5 MHz) generated from piezoelectric ceramics can establish standing waves inside a syringe filled with the whole blood. Subsequently, RBCs would accumulate at the locations of pressure nodes in response to acoustic radiation force, and the formed clusters would have a high speed of sedimentation. It is found that the PRP prepared by the proposed device can achieve higher platelet concentration and less RBCs contamination than a commercial centrifugal device, but similar growth factor (i.e., PDGF-ββ). In addition, the sedimentation process under centrifugation and sonication was simulated using the Mason-Weaver equation and compared with each other to illustrate the differences between these two technologies and to optimize the design in the future. Altogether, ultrasound method is an effective method of PRP preparation with comparable outcomes as the commercially available centrifugal products.
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Gómez LA, Escobar M, Peñuela O. Standardization of a Protocol for Obtaining Platelet Rich Plasma from blood Donors; a Tool for Tissue Regeneration Procedures. Clin Lab 2015; 61:973-980. [PMID: 26427141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a protocol for obtaining autologous platelet rich plasma in healthy individuals and to determine the concentration of five major growth factors before platelet activation. This protocol could be integrated into the guidelines of good clinical practice and research in regenerative medicine. METHODS Platelet rich plasma was isolated by centrifugation from 38 healthy men and 42 women ranging from 18 to 59 years old. The platelet count and quantification of growth factors were analyzed in eighty samples, stratified for age and gender of the donor. Analyses were performed using parametric the t-test or Pearson's analysis for non-parametric distribution. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our centrifugation protocol allowed us to concentrate basal platelet counts from 1.6 to 4.9 times (mean = 2.8). There was no correlation between platelet concentration and the level of the following growth factors: VEGF-D (r = 0.009, p = 0.4105), VEGF-A (r = 0.0068, p = 0.953), PDGF subunit AA (p = 0.3618; r = 0.1047), PDGF-BB (p = 0.5936; r = 0.6095). In the same way, there was no correlation between donor gender and growth factor concentrations. Only TGF-β concentration was correlated to platelet concentration (r = 0.3163, p = 0.0175). CONCLUSIONS The procedure used allowed us to make preparations rich in platelets, low in leukocytes and red blood cells, and sterile. Our results showed biological variations in content of growth factors in PRP. The factors influencing these results should be further studied.
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Drago L, Bortolin M, Vassena C, Romanò CL, Taschieri S, Fabbro MD. Plasma components and platelet activation are essential for the antimicrobial properties of autologous platelet-rich plasma: an in vitro study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107813. [PMID: 25232963 PMCID: PMC4169456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous platelet concentrates are successfully adopted in a variety of medical fields to stimulate bone and soft tissue regeneration. The rationale for their use consists in the delivery of a wide range of platelet-derived bioactive molecules that promotes wound healing. In addition, antimicrobial properties of platelet concentrates have been pointed out. In this study, the effect of the platelet concentration, of the activation step and of the presence of plasmatic components on the antimicrobial activity of pure platelet-rich plasma was investigated against gram positive bacteria isolated from oral cavity. The antibacterial activity, evaluated as the minimum inhibitory concentration, was determined through the microdilution two-fold serial method. Results seem to suggest that the antimicrobial activity of platelet-rich plasma against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus oralis and Staphylococcus aureus is sustained by a co-operation between plasma components and platelet-derived factors and that the activation of coagulation is a fundamental step. The findings of this study may have practical implications in the modality of application of platelet concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Technical Sciences for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Monica Bortolin
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Vassena
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo L. Romanò
- Center of Reconstructive Surgery and Osteoarticular Infection, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Fontenot RL, Sink CA, Werre SR, Weinstein NM, Dahlgren LA. Simple tube centrifugation for processing platelet-rich plasma in the horse. Can Vet J 2012; 53:1266-72. [PMID: 23729823 PMCID: PMC3500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the quality and bacteriologic safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) produced by 3 simple, inexpensive tube centrifugation methods and a commercial system. Citrated equine blood collected from 26 normal horses was processed by 4 methods: blood collection tubes centrifuged at 1200 and 2000 × g, 50-mL conical tube, and a commercial system. White blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet counts and mean platelet volume (MPV) were determined for whole blood and PRP, and aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed. Mean platelet concentrations ranged from 1.55- to 2.58-fold. The conical method yielded the most samples with platelet concentrations greater than 2.5-fold and within the clinically acceptable range of > 250,000 platelets/μL. White blood cell counts were lowest with the commercial system and unacceptably high with the blood collection tubes. The conical tube method may offer an economically feasible and comparatively safe alternative to commercial PRP production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Fontenot
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Fontenot, Dahlgren), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Sink), Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis (Werre), and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (Weinstein), Phase II Duck Pond Drive, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Sink
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Fontenot, Dahlgren), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Sink), Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis (Werre), and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (Weinstein), Phase II Duck Pond Drive, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA
| | - Stephen R. Werre
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Fontenot, Dahlgren), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Sink), Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis (Werre), and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (Weinstein), Phase II Duck Pond Drive, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA
| | - Nicole M. Weinstein
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Fontenot, Dahlgren), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Sink), Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis (Werre), and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (Weinstein), Phase II Duck Pond Drive, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA
| | - Linda A. Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Fontenot, Dahlgren), Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Sink), Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis (Werre), and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (Weinstein), Phase II Duck Pond Drive, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0442, USA
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Semple E, Bowes-Schmidt A, Yi QL, Shimla S, Devine DV. Transfusion reactions: a comparative observational study of blood components produced before and after implementation of semiautomated production from whole blood. Transfusion 2012; 52:2683-91. [PMID: 22738255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A semiautomated method of component production from whole blood was implemented at Canadian Blood Services. To assess safety of the new components, the frequency of adverse transfusion events (ATEs) to platelet components (PCs) and red blood cell (RBCs) produced before and after implementation of the new method was surveyed and compared. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective, observational, noninferiority study was conducted in 12 sentinel hospitals across Canada. The control group received RBCs in additive solution-3 (AS-3) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-produced platelets (PLTs) for 3 to 11 months before implementation of semiautomated production, and the study group received RBCs in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) and buffy coat (BC)-produced PLTs for 3 to 11 months after implementation. ATE definitions at each hospital and standard practice for reporting did not change between control and study periods. Data for analysis were obtained from databases and original report forms. RESULTS The pooled risk ratio of a reaction to SAGM versus AS-3 RBCs was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.90), suggesting that SAGM products had significantly lower reaction rates than AS-3 products (p < 0.01). Reported allergic reactions to RBCs decreased from 0.07% (AS-3) to 0.04% (SAGM). For PLTs, the difference in reaction rates between BC and PRP was not significant (p = 0.37), and the pooled risk ratio of BC versus PRP was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.86-1.50). CONCLUSION The change in manufacturing method was associated with lower reaction rates to SAGM RBCs than to AS-3 RBCs. Pooled BC PLTs were noninferior to random-donor PRP PLTs with respect to ATEs.
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Bukharova TB, Arutyunyan IV, Shustrov SA, Alekseeva IS, Fedyunina IA, Logovskaya LV, Volkov AV, Rzhaninova AA, Grigor'yan AS, Kulakov AA, Gol'dshtein DV. Tissue engineering construct on the basis of multipotent stromal adipose tissue cells and Osteomatrix for regeneration of the bone tissue. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:153-8. [PMID: 22803063 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new method of creation of tissue engineering constructs for regeneration of the bone tissue based on the principle of free distribution of cells in a fibrin clot within a scaffold. The tissue engineering construct includes multipotent stromal adipose tissue cells committed in osteogenic lineage, platelet-rich plasma, and resorbed material on the basis of xenogeneic bone collagen. The culture of bone progenitor cells was characterized by the main markers of osteoblastic differon. The material meets all requirements for materials intended for tissue engineering. An innovative high-technological tissue engineering product for clinical application is prepared.
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Gentile P, D'angiolino A, Giusti D, Bocchini I, Di Pasquali C, Curcio BC, Cervelli V. Platelet-rich plasma and blood components for non-transfusion use: technical and medicolegal aspects. Med Sci Law 2012; 52:234-239. [PMID: 23155126 DOI: 10.1258/msl.2012.012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of publications describing the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in multiple fields of application. These illustrate a large number of therapeutic elements with different and specific actions within 'platelet gel' (this term is used in the current regulations to define this product). This term, however, lacks specificity and, depending on the method used in its production is variable both in its blood composition and in platelet concentration, and several publications consider better and easier methods of platelet gel production, which may or may not lead to greater standardization in the product. The authors illustrate the general aspects of PRP and other blood components for non-transfusion use, briefly touching on the history and different fields of application and the rational of for its use. Given the increased use of such preparations, the authors describe critically the regulations in force in Europe and propose a new regulatory framework aimed to simplify and facilitate the use of such material as a therapeutic agent within medicine.
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Doi T, Tokuda H, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Cuong NT, Kageyama Y, Iida Y, Kondo A, Akamatsu S, Otsuka T, Iida H, Kozawa O, Ogura S. Effect of antithrombin III on glycoprotein Ib/IX/V activation in human platelets: suppression of thromboxane A2 generation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 87:57-62. [PMID: 22819492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that ristocetin, an activator of glycoprotein Ib/IX/V, induces release of soluble CD40 (sCD40) ligand via thromboxane (TX) A(2) production from human platelets. In the present study, we investigated the effect of antithrombin-III (AT-III), an anticoagulant, on the ristocetin-induced glycoprotein Ib/IX/V activation in human platelets. AT-III inhibited ristocetin-stimulated platelet aggregation. The ristocetin-induced production of 11-dehydro-TXB(2), a stable metabolite of TXA(2), and the release of sCD40 ligand were suppressed by AT-III. AT-III also reduced the ristocetin-stimulated secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB. AT-III failed to affect U46619-, a TXA(2) receptor agonist, induced levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation or sCD40 ligand release. AT-III reduced the binding of SZ2, a monoclonal antibody to the sulfated sequence in the α-chain of glycoprotein Ib, to the ristocetin-stimulated platelets. These results strongly suggest that AT-III reduced ristocetin-stimulated release of sCD40 ligand due to inhibiting TXA(2) production in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Wandall HH, Rumjantseva V, Sørensen ALT, Patel-Hett S, Josefsson EC, Bennett EP, Italiano JE, Clausen H, Hartwig JH, Hoffmeister KM. The origin and function of platelet glycosyltransferases. Blood 2012; 120:626-35. [PMID: 22613794 PMCID: PMC3401214 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-409235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are megakaryocyte subfragments that participate in hemostatic and host defense reactions and deliver pro- and antiangiogenic factors throughout the vascular system. Although they are anucleated cells that lack a complex secretory apparatus with distinct Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum compartments, past studies have shown that platelets have glycosyltransferase activities. In the present study, we show that members of 3 distinct glycosyltransferase families are found within and on the surface of platelets. Immunocytology and flow cytometry results indicated that megakaryocytes package these Golgi-derived glycosyltransferases into vesicles that are sent via proplatelets to nascent platelets, where they accumulate. These glycosyltransferases are active, and intact platelets glycosylate large exogenous substrates. Furthermore, we show that activation of platelets results in the release of soluble glycosyltransferase activities and that platelets contain sufficient levels of sugar nucleotides for detection of glycosylation of exogenously added substrates. Therefore, the results of the present study show that blood platelets are a rich source of both glycosyltransferases and donor sugar substrates that can be released to function in the extracellular space. This platelet-glycosylation machinery offers a pathway to a simple glycoengineering strategy improving storage of platelets and may serve hitherto unknown biologic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Weibrich G, Kleis WKG, Streckbein P, Moergel M, Hitzler WE, Hafner G. Comparison of point-of-care methods for preparation of platelet concentrate (platelet-rich plasma). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2012; 27:762-769. [PMID: 22848876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed the concentrations of platelets and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which are likely to depend on the method used for its production. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cellular composition and growth factor content of platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma) produced by six different procedures were quantitatively analyzed and compared. Platelet and leukocyte counts were determined on an automatic cell counter, and analysis of growth factors was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The principal differences between the analyzed PRP production methods (blood bank method of intermittent flow centrifuge system/platelet apheresis and by the five point-of-care methods) and the resulting platelet concentrates were evaluated with regard to resulting platelet, leukocyte, and growth factor levels. The platelet counts in both whole blood and PRP were generally higher in women than in men; no differences were observed with regard to age. Statistical analysis of platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) showed no differences with regard to age or gender. Platelet counts and TGF-β1 concentration correlated closely, as did platelet counts and PDGF-AB levels. There were only rare correlations between leukocyte counts and PDGF-AB levels, but comparison of leukocyte counts and PDGF-AB levels demonstrated certain parallel tendencies. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 levels derive in substantial part from platelets and emphasize the role of leukocytes, in addition to that of platelets, as a source of growth factors in PRP. All methods of producing PRP showed high variability in platelet counts and growth factor levels. The highest growth factor levels were found in the PRP prepared using the Platelet Concentrate Collection System manufactured by Biomet 3i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Weibrich
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Galliera E, Corsi MM, Banfi G. Platelet rich plasma therapy: inflammatory molecules involved in tissue healing. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:35S-42S. [PMID: 23648197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation represents a fundamental aspect of the healing process. Besides their primary role in hemostasis, platelets play an active role in the immunological and inflammatory aspect of tissue healing. Indeed , they can be directly involved in the inflammatory response by the production and release of several inflammatory mediators, including a variety of cytokines, such as TGF-beta, IL-1 beta, CD40L, and chemokines, such as CXCL7, CXCL4, CXCL4L1, CCl5, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL5, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL3. Platelet are not only a source of several chemokine involved in the inflammatory response and tissue healing, but they also express chemokine receptors, in particular CCR1 CCR3 CCR4 and CXCR4, thus being able to being able to regulate the inflammatory response associated to the healing process. However, this local inflammation must be taken under control, and platelets can prevent the excess of leukocytes recruitment by anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-beta. For this biological properties of platelets, platelet rich plasma therapy (PRP) is considered an innovative and promising approach that has been extended to many field of medicine, ranging from non-union defects, bone fractures, spinal fusion, bone implant and osteointegration, joint arthroplasty, to the treatment of several traumatic or degenerative pathologies of tendons, cartilage and ligaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galliera
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Umana e Scienze Biomediche Citta' Studi, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Stanco D, Vigano' M, Croiset SJ, De Girolamo L. Applications and limits of platelet-rich plasma in sports related injuries. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:53S-61S. [PMID: 23648199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising alternative approach based on the efficacy of autologous growth factors to accelerate tissue healing, allowing a fast recovery after muscles, ligaments, tendon or cartilage lesions. This literature review begin focusing on the role of platelets growth factors in these tissue healing and on the available preparation methods for PRP. Moreover we consider the in vitro and in vivo study on PRP, some of the most important therapeutic applications and limitations. Although several preclinical studies show promising results, clinical studies still show controversial results. Further studies are required to define the efficacy and to specify the way of using PRP in the orthopaedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stanco
- Laboratory of Orthopeadic Biotechnologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy.
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Torrero JI, Aroles F, Ferrer D. Treatment of knee chondropathy with platelet rich plasma. Preliminary results at 6 months of follow-up with only one injection. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:71S-78S. [PMID: 23648201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Application of new biological treatments in orthopaedics is controversial nowadays. Surgeons and practitioners know how difficult can be to choose a solution for chondral injuries. Joint damages are from little contusions, osteochondral fractures, avascular necrosis, osteochondritis and degenerative processes like osteoarthritis and rheumatisms. All mentioned have a common problem: the lack of regenerating hyaline cartilage by themselves. Recently, PRP have been used to treat early moderate chondropathies. Here we show the preliminary results of 30 patients affected by chondropathy of the knee after 6 months treated with a single intrarticular injection of PRP. Thirty patients, 18-65 years old, with a diagnosis of I to III Outerbridge chondropathy in the knee, pain for more than 3 months following conservative treatment and no bone axial defect, were treated with one intraarticular injection of PRP (GPS mini set, BIOMET), after written consent and Ethic and Legal Committee approval. VAS and KOOS scores were evaluated before PRP injection and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. ANOVA with repeated measures using the SPSS showed significantly better results in term of KOOS and VAS scores at 1, 3 and 6 months respect to the pre-injection value (p less than 0,05) We think that PRP treatment is a promising alternative for the treatment of knee chondropathy; however its efficacy has to be demonstrated with more clinical works, with longer follow up and with greater number of patients, even with controlled and randomized trials. In our study only one injection of PRP has been able to allow a clinical improvement, suggesting the possibility to avoid multiple injections protocols, and consequently reducing the health expenses. Until the efficacy of PRP will not be definitely demonstrated, surgeon should be very prudent in indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Torrero
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Nostra Senyora de Meritxell Hospital, Principality of Andorra.
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35
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Banfi G. Platelet rich plasma. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:1. [PMID: 23648194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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36
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Lubkowska A, Dolegowska B, Banfi G. Growth factor content in PRP and their applicability in medicine. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:3S-22S. [PMID: 23648195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews available reports on the advantages and possibilities of clinical use of platelet-rich plasma preparations, with particular emphasis on platelet growth factors. Platelets, an important reservoir of growth factors in the body, play an important role in many processes such as coagulation, immune response, angiogenesis and the healing of damaged tissues. Numerous proteins are contained in the alpha-granules of platelets: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), platelet factor interleukin (IL), platelet-derived angiogenesis factor (PDAF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor IGF and fibronectin. The development of methods and systems for blood and cell sorting (e.g. CAPSS - compact advanced platelet sequestration system Elektromedics 500, PCCS - platelet concentrate collection system Curasan) have made it possible to obtain significant concentrations of platelets (even by 338 percent) and high concentrations of growth factors, in a form of sterile mass that can be used immediately for clinical purposes. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP; autologous platelet-rich plasma - APRP) are platelet concentrates made of autogenous blood with a high number of platelets in a small volume of plasma. The clinical efficacy of platelet concentrates depends mainly on the number of platelets and the concentration of their growth factors, which act as transmitters in most processes in tissues, particularly in healing where they are responsible for proliferation, differentiation, chemotaxis and tissue morphogenesis. They operate as part of autocrine, paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. Growth factors derived from centrifuged blood were first used in patients with chronic skin ulcers. The clinical use of PRP for a wide variety of applications has been reported mostly in oral and maxillo-facial surgery, orthopedic surgery, treatment of soft tissue diseases and injuries, treatment of burns, hard-to-heal wounds, tissue engineering and implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lubkowska
- Department of Physiology, Szczecin University, Poland.
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Cieslik-Bielecka A, Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Lubkowska A, Bielecki T. Microbicidal properties of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma/Fibrin (L-PRP/L-PRF): new perspectives. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:43S-52S. [PMID: 23648198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelets, as main actors of the first stage of the healing process, play an important role in tissue repair. Their granules contain many active substances, particularly over 30 growth factors with significant effects on the resident cells at the site of injury, such as mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts. This potential may be increased by the concentration of the platelets, using platelet-rich plasma/fibrin products. In the four families of platelet concentrates, 2 families contain also significant concentrations of leukocytes: L-PRP (Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma) and L-PRF (Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin). Inductive properties of platelet concentrates were widely described. However, they present also antimicrobial effects. The antibacterial effects of L-PRP were highlighted in only a few in vitro studies. Strong activity comparable to gentamicin and oxacillin for L-PRP against methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was already demonstrated. L-PRP also inhibited the growth of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli. Some authors also reported clinical observations about the reduction of infections and the induction of healing processes after the use of platelet concentrates in cardiac, orthopaedic, oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, very little is yet known about the antibacterial effects of these concentrates. In this manuscript, the current data about the antimicrobial agents and cells present in the platelet-rich plasma/fibrin are highlighted and discussed, in order to introduce this new key chapter of the platelet concentrate technology history.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cieslik-Bielecka
- Department and Clinic of Cranio and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Dominijanni A, Cristofaro MG, Brescia A, Giudice M. Platelet gel in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a single-centre experience. Blood Transfus 2012; 10:200-4. [PMID: 22337267 PMCID: PMC3320781 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0059-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet gel is a blood product intended for non-transfusion, therapeutic purposes; it is produced by combining platelet concentrate with cryoprecipitate. Platelet gel stimulates tissue growth and is a key player in tissue regeneration. As an allogeneic product, platelet gel is obtained from the blood of a common type O blood donor, with a platelet count >200×10(3)/μL. Most of the beneficial effects of this product are due to the numerous growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, IGF-1 and IGF-2, EGF, VEGF and FGF) contained in the alpha-granules of platelets. The aim of this study was to confirm that platelet gel is a valuable aid for the surgical repair of alveolar bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study was carried out on 87 patients with inflammatory or dysembryoplastic osteolytic lesions >2 cm in diameter in jaw bones. For most patients the platelet gel was collected into a 450 mL bag and kept frozen at -40 °C until, whereas for a small group of patients the gel was prepared and activated in the sterile field of the operating theatre. RESULTS All of our patients reported a decrease in painful symptoms immediately after surgery. Follow-up showed considerable acceleration of the healing processes in soft tissues and faster bone regeneration. CONCLUSION Multicentre studies are needed in order to standardise the methods for producing platelet gel and the clinical use of this product. Furthermore, for research purposes in vitro studies are needed to increase knowledge on the functional network and platelet growth factors and also to investigate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dominijanni
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Pugliese Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro.
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Torricelli P, Fini M, Filardo G, Tschon M, Pischedda M, Pacorini A, Kon E, Giardino R. Regenerative medicine for the treatment of musculoskeletal overuse injuries in competition horses. Int Orthop 2011; 35:1569-76. [PMID: 21394594 PMCID: PMC3174295 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue repair in musculoskeletal injuries is often a slow and sometimes incomplete process. Regenerative medicine based on the use of growth factors (GFs) and cell therapy is aimed at improving the quality and speed of tendon and ligament healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for the administration of a combination of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and freshly isolated bone marrow mononucleated cells (BMMNCs) in 13 competition horses affected by overuse musculoskeletal injuries (suspensory ligament desmopathy and superficial flexor tendinopathy) and refractory to other therapies. METHODS After ultrasonographic localisation of the lesion, the autologous BMMNC suspension and PRP were injected directly into the core lesion. BMMNC and platelet count as well as growth factors in PRP were measured to determine factors influencing the clinical outcome. RESULTS Horses showed a marked improvement in their degree of lameness and 84.6% were able to return to competition. Among all the factors studied, the platelet concentration predicted the healing time: significantly faster recovery (p = 0.049) was observed in cases of PRP with more than 750 × 10(3)/μl platelets. CONCLUSIONS Competition horses are involved in highly demanding activities, thus being a similar model for the high mechanical overload typical of human athletes. The promising results obtained suggest that this combined biological approach may be useful even for the treatment of recalcitrant overuse musculoskeletal injuries in highly demanding patients if the appropriate dose of cells and GFs is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Torricelli
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation– III Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Pischedda
- Veterinary Studio, via Marzabotto 12, Rastignano, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elizaveta Kon
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation– III Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Giardino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Maĭborodin IV, Matveeva VA, Kolesnikov IS, Drovosekov MN, Toder MS, Shevela AI. [Regeneration of the damaged mandibular bone in rat after the injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin adsorbed on the fibrin clot]. Morfologiia 2011; 140:79-85. [PMID: 22506358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The processes of the repair of the damaged mandibular bone in rats were studied using light microscopy and x-ray densitometry at various time intervals after the local injection of the platelet-rich fibrin clot (PRFC), autologous mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells of bone marrow origin (AMSCBMO) or AMSCBMO, adsorbed on PRFC, into the damaged site. The best results were obtained after the application of PRFC with AMSCBMO. One week after the operation, the mandibular bone defect was largely filled with the newly formed bone tissue. It seems most probable that in this case the effects of fibrin and stem cells on the damaged bone were summarized or even amplified. Bone formation in these cases appeared to begin in the center, but not at the edges, of the defect. AMSCBMO were distributed over the whole volume of PRFC, filling all the defect more or less uniformly. As a result, maximally fast and successful restoration of bone tissue was reached in the area of the defect.
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Abstract
Factors affecting platelet survival are poorly understood. To explore the hypothesis that platelet lifespan correlates with the lifespan of a key housekeeping process we subjected human platelets to in vitro incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h to several days under hypoglycaemic conditions. Viability was assessed both by microscopy and flow cytometry using calcein-AM and/or FM4-64. In keeping with previous data we found that, under control conditions platelets died at a linear rate during 120 h of incubation. Hypoglycaemia did not affect the death rate but did lead to an increase in the frequency of platelets unable to accumulate the mitochondrial potentiometric dye 10-Nonyl Acridine Orange (NAO) and promoted platelet death in response to the pro-apoptotic molecule BH3I-2'. Hypoglycaemia led to an increase in intraplatelet calcium that could be prevented 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB), a store operated calcium channel (SOCC) blocker. However, this agent was unable to rescue the platelets' ability to accumulate NAO. These data suggest that extracellular glucose is utilised by platelets for calcium homeostasis and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and that hypoglycaemia primes platelets for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Hartley
- Inflammation Repair Group, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
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Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Rasmusson L, Albrektsson T. Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:158-67. [PMID: 19187989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1058] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Dohan Ehrenfest
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Andrade MGS, de Freitas Brandão CJ, Sá CN, de Bittencourt TCBDSC, Sadigursky M. Evaluation of factors that can modify platelet-rich plasma properties. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 105:e5-e12. [PMID: 18155603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to discuss a protocol for obtaining platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and evaluate which factors, derived from its preparation method and from whole blood, modify PRP cytometry and coagulation time. STUDY DESIGN Whole blood, harvested from 50 rabbits, was centrifuged at 300g for 10 minutes. Supernatant was recentrifuged at 5000g for 5 minutes. PRP was clotted with calcium chloride. Whole blood and PRP cytometry were obtained through automatic measurement. The amount of erythrocyte- and platelet-poor plasma drawn from whole blood was measured. Hematocrit, platelet and leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean platelet volume (MPV), mean, standard deviation, and median were also calculated at whole blood and PRP. PRP coagulation time was also analyzed. Mean values between groups were analyzed using Student t test. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at P < .05. A linear regression was performed to investigate the relationship among the correlated variables. RESULTS From whole blood, 2.68 mL of erythrocytes and 5.72 mL of platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were removed. PRP platelet count was 2,324,080 cells/microL. Whole blood hematocrit influenced the amount of cells and PPP removed, as well as PRP platelet count. PRP platelet count was dependent on whole blood hematocrit and platelet count, and does not interfere in PRP coagulation time. A linear interaction was confirmed between the variables that presented significant Pearson correlation. CONCLUSIONS The protocol evaluated produces a good PRP. Whole-blood parameters can predict PRP features. Whole-blood hematocrit is an important variable for PRP preparation and PRP cytometry characterization. PRP platelet count is dependent upon whole-blood platelet count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gustavo Setúbal Andrade
- Bahia Foundation for Science Development and Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Bahia Federal University, Bahia, Brazil.
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Wu W, Chen F, Liu Y, Ma Q, Mao T. Autologous Injectable Tissue-Engineered Cartilage by Using Platelet-Rich Plasma: Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:1951-7. [PMID: 17884521 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely applied to promote tissue healing and used as a novel injectable scaffold in bone tissue engineering. However, there is no report about its feasibility to support chondrogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a PRP carrier to deliver chondrocytes and regenerate cartilage tissues in a rabbit model via injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight New Zealand rabbits were divided into a chondrocytes/PRP group (n = 4) and a PRP-alone group (n = 4). Chondrocytes harvested from the auricular root of New Zealand rabbits were cultured and harvested. The chondrocytes were then mixed with PRP solution to generate chondrocytes/PRP composites with final cellular density of 5.0 x 10(7)/mL. Bovine thrombin was used as a cross-linking agent to gel chondrocytes/PRP composites, then, the composites were injected subcutaneously into the dorsal tissue of cell donor animals. As controls, PRP alone was injected into another 4 rabbits. At the second month after injection, rabbits were prepared for magnetic resonance imaging. The samples were then harvested for macroscopical examination, histological analysis, and glycosaminoglycan quantification. RESULTS Two months after injection, the hard knobbles were easily palpated under the dorsal skin of the animals in the chondrocytes/PRP group, and magnetic resonance images showed the presence of cartilage-like tissues. In histological analysis, formation of new cartilage was observed in the chondrocytes/PRP composites. Safranin-O staining and Masson's trichrome staining showed proteoglycan and collagen were produced in matrices. In contrast, no tissue formed in the PRP-alone group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the feasibility of using PRP as injectable scaffold seeded with chondrocytes to regenerate cartilage and showed the potential of using this method for the reconstruction of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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Nishimoto S, Oyama T, Matsuda K. Simultaneous concentration of platelets and marrow cells: a simple and useful technique to obtain source cells and growth factors for regenerative medicine. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 15:156-62. [PMID: 17244331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2006.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has attracted attention as a safe and cost-effective source of growth factors that stimulate cells to regenerate tissue. Bone marrow aspirate was processed with the same protocol to obtain PRP from peripheral blood. This concentrate contained condensed nucleated bone marrow cells, which are useful for regenerative medicine, as well as condensed platelets. In PRP derived from bone marrow aspirate, the density of platelets and levels of growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta) were the same as in PRP derived from peripheral blood. Condensation of nucleated cells, especially small-sized cells, was confirmed. With a simple and cost-effective technique, source cells and growth factors can be obtained at the same time. This simultaneous concentration of platelets and bone marrow cells has great potential as a source of materials for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soh Nishimoto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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Pillitteri D, Bassus S, Boller K, Mahnel R, Scholz T, Westrup D, Wegert W, Kirchmaier CM. Thrombin-induced interleukin 1beta synthesis in platelet suspensions: impact of contaminating leukocytes. Platelets 2007; 18:119-27. [PMID: 17365860 DOI: 10.1080/09537100600800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A controversial discussion as to whether human platelets are capable of regulated protein synthesis has been ongoing for over half a century. A previous study has suggested that human platelets synthesize large amounts of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in response to external cues and in a physiologically significant manner. However, cytokines such as IL-1beta are generally considered to be products of leukocytes and it could not be completely excluded that contaminating leukocytes may have contributed to the IL-1beta results in platelet preparations. It was therefore our intention to investigate whether residual leukocytes had an impact on thrombin-induced IL-1beta synthesis. Using various methods to reduce the level of contaminating leukocytes, we found that IL-1beta production in platelet-rich suspensions is dependent on the presence of leukocytes, as it was decreased by reducing the number of leukocytes. In addition, we found that thrombin-induced IL-1beta synthesis was completely eliminated in leukocyte-free platelet preparations and could be restored by adding leukocytes. IL-1beta synthesis could be detected in platelet suspensions contaminated with at least 1 leukocyte per 10(5) platelets. This study demonstrated that platelets are incapable of synthesizing detectable amounts of IL-1beta on their own. We suggest that any IL-1beta synthesis detected is a by-product of leukocytes contaminating the platelet preparations. Thus, the hypothesis that platelets producing IL-1beta, provide a new link between thrombosis and inflammation needs to be reconsidered.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of the autogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impregnated in an injectable alginate gel containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for nasal augmentation in rabbit model. METHODS Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated and expanded from New Zealand white rabbits. At confluence, the cells were mixed with sodium alginate solution. PRP was prepared from the rabbits and it was immediately mixed into the alginate-cell mixture. The cell-PRP-alginate mix was injected into a subcutaneous nasal area. Eight weeks after injection changes in facial contour, newly formed nasal hump was analyzed and the amount of chondroitin sulfate in tissue was measured. RESULTS Augmented nasal dorsa maintained their original shape until harvest. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the deposited matrix was composed of type II collagen and that it was distributed abundantly and widely in the connective tissue of the tissue generated. The amount of chondroitin sulfate (main component of the proteoglycan in cartilage) produced was significantly higher when MSCs and PRP-alginate were used. CONCLUSION Injectable PRP-alginate gel containing autologous mesenchymal stem cells may offer a useful means of facial soft tissue augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joon Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea.
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Woodall J, Tucci M, Mishra A, Benghuzzi H. Cellular effects of platelet rich plasma: a study on HL-60 macrophage-like cells. Biomed Sci Instrum 2007; 43:266-71. [PMID: 17487092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Healing injured tissue in the body is a complex process which consists of four distinct phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each of these phases is coordinated by growth factor release and cell to cell interactions. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a fraction of plasma that has been isolated and used to enhance regeneration in bone and soft tissues. The healing potential of PRP has been attributed to the release of multiple growth factors from the highly concentrated platelets. While there is strong evidence of the pro-stimulatory effect on the cellular proliferation phase of healing, there is little evidence of the effects of PRP on the inflammatory phase of healing. In this study we investigate the effect that PRP has on macrophage cells in culture and the implications this has on the healing process. We investigate specifically the effects of the separate cellular components of PRP, as a whole and individually, on cell proliferation in human macrophage cells in culture. In contrast to the pro-stimulatory effect that PRP has on cells such as osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and tendon cells; our results show a suppression ofmacrophages by PRP as early as 24 hours after treatment. This suppression was statistically significant (p=0.002) and continued to be significant for the duration of the study. The cell viability results of PRP compared to platelet poor plasma (PPP) and individual components of PRP showed that PRP resulted in a steady increase in viability following the initial insult to the macrophage cells, while the viability of other treatment groups seemed to plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Woodall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St. Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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