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Youm JH, Jeong IJ, Kwon JS, Lim BS, Oh MH, Kim KM. The optical property measuring methods for resin composite using multiple spectrophotometers. Dent Mater J 2024:2023-312. [PMID: 38825450 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to propose the measurement methods for resin composite translucency using four shades of resin composite and four spectrophotometers. Four methods were used for measuring translucency: (A) color measurement using reflectance mode, (B) visible light spectrum measurement using reflectance mode, (C) color measurement using transmittance mode, (D) visible light spectrum measurement using transmittance mode. Although there was a significant difference among the results of the translucency measuring methods, the same tendency was observed for translucency parameters obtained using each spectrophotometer. Therefore, the four methods can potentially be used as translucency measuring methods for resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Youm
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Il Jun Jeong
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Bum-Soon Lim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| | | | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
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Kang CM, Hsu WC, Chen MS, Wu HY, Mine Y, Peng TY. Fracture characteristics and translucency of multilayer monolithic zirconia crowns of various thicknesses. J Dent 2024; 145:105023. [PMID: 38670331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multilayer monolithic zirconia (M-Zr) crowns can be engineered to achieve gradational translucency and color intensity. However, this modification may compromise the mechanical strength, raising concerns regarding the ability of M-Zr crowns to withstand occlusal stresses. The effects of M-Zr crown thickness on translucency and ability to endure occlusal forces were investigated at different tooth positions (incisors, premolars, and molars). The objective was to determine the minimal thickness of M-Zr crowns used in tooth preparation to meet aesthetic and functional demands. METHODS M-Zr samples (Vita A1) with four thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) were prepared and subjected to translucency testing using a digital colorimeter by 3-third and 9-square division methods. Crown-shaped M-Zr samples with three thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) and three tooth positions (incisor, premolar, and molar) were digitally designed, and 2.0 mm metal abutments were fabricated. The samples were bonded to the abutments; their fracture characteristics were evaluated using a universal testing machine, and their fracture surfaces examined using an optical microscope. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Pearson correlation, and one-way and two-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Color analysis results revealed a significant negative correlation between thickness and translucency (r < -0.96, P < 0.01), with the highest values in the incisal region. Cross-sectional profiles confirmed the uniform thickness and morphology of the digitally designed M-Zr crowns. The results of fracture strength analysis showed position-dependent variability, a strong positive correlation with thickness (r > 0.96, P < 0.01), and fracture strengths consistently exceeding 1200 N across all tooth positions. Fracture patterns indicated that thinner crowns at the incisors and molars were more prone to cracking, whereas those at the premolars demonstrated significantly higher strength (4872.51 N, P < 0.05), only with crack or even no fracture occurring at 2.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS Thickness significantly influenced both the translucency and fracture strength of M-Zr, with the tooth position playing an additional role, albeit to a lesser extent. Although thinner crowns exhibited lower strength at each tooth position, even at a thickness of 1.0 mm, fracture strength exceeding 1200 N was maintained, surpassing the typical occlusal forces. Thus, it can be asserted that M-Zr crowns with a minimum thickness of 1.0 mm can meet both aesthetic and functional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Kang
- Huayi Dental Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Oral Hygiene, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center of Precision Biomedical Implants, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - May-Show Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Wu
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Project Research Center for Integrating Digital Dentistry, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tzu-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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A polished performance. Br Dent J 2024; 236:845. [PMID: 38789784 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
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Hlaing NHMM, Lee H, Jeong Y, Park JM, Lee SJ, Lee JH. Influence of crown shade, translucency, and scan powder application on the trueness of intraoral scanners. J Dent 2024; 144:104969. [PMID: 38537881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural teeth and dental restorations present with various shades and levels of translucency. This study aimed to determine whether these variations in ceramic crowns and scan powder application affect the trueness of intraoral scanners. METHODS Eight identical premade resin typodonts, each prepared for a crown on the maxillary right second molar, were used. Eight lithium disilicate crowns, distinguished by two levels of translucency (high and low) and four shades (BL1, A2, A3, and A4), were fabricated to an identical design and cemented onto each typodont, providing eight distinct experimental groups (2 levels of translucency × 4 shades). Reference scans were acquired using a desktop scanner. Test scans were performed ten times for each experimental group using two different intraoral scanners (Medit i700 and CEREC Primescan AC), with and without the application of scan powder (n = 10). Three-dimensional metrology software was used to assess the trueness of the intraoral scan datasets. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and independent t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS For powder-free intraoral scan datasets, the crown shade did not significantly affect trueness within each translucency group (P = 1.000). For both intraoral scanners, compared with low translucency groups, higher marked deviations were exhibited by high translucency groups (P<.001). Scan powder use largely mitigated these differences (P>.05) and enhanced the trueness of the intraoral scan (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Shade did not significantly influence the trueness of intraoral scans. High-translucency crowns were scanned with less accuracy than were low-translucency crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Unlike tooth shade, translucency significantly affected the accuracy of intraoral scans. Therefore, considering the use of scan powder when scanning objects with high translucency may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hsu Myat Mon Hlaing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuwon Jeong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yousry M, Hammad I, Halawani ME, Aboushelib M. Translucency of recent zirconia materials and material-related variables affecting their translucency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38443872 PMCID: PMC10913643 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent forms of translucent zirconia material have been developed, offering a wide range of options and varieties for enhancing aesthetics, making it a preferred choice in the field of prosthetic dentistry. However, there is insufficient understanding regarding the recent types of zirconia materials and their optical behavior. Understanding the variables that influence the translucency of zirconia and identifying strategies to enhance its esthetics are crucial. PURPOSE The current systemic review highlights a comprehensive understanding of different zirconia generations in relation to their optical characteristics and evaluates material-related variables affecting their translucency. METHODS The present review studied in-vitro studies that evaluated the optical characteristics of different yttria content of yttria stabilized materials. The topics explored were: (1) the different zirconia material generations and their optical behavior; (2) material-related factors that affect their translucency. The research was restricted to online publication in the English language from July 1, 2010, to July 31, 2023, using PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct resources. The search key terms and their combinations were "zirconia," "translucent zirconia," "cubic zirconia," "highly translucent zirconia," "yttria partially stabilized zirconia," "monolithic zirconia," "translucency," "optical properties," and "light transmission." RESULTS The data obtained from fifty-three studies addressed the optical characteristics of various zirconia generations. They reported that changing yttria content had a significant impact on translucency. Different kinds of zirconia ceramics of the same generation have varying translucencies. Achieving optimum aesthetics with monolithic zirconia is challenging due to factors related to material aspects such as the presence of additives, point defects, microstructure, thickness, phase distribution, and sintering conditions. CONCLUSIONS Newly developed monolithic dental zirconia ceramics have improved aesthetics and translucency. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate their performance and long-term durability. TRIAL REGISTRATION This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, under number CRD42023474482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinour Yousry
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ihab Hammad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Halawani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Aboushelib
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yağcı Ö, Fidan M. Influence of Thickness on the Translucency Parameter and Whiteness Index of Single-Shade Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2024; 49:189-199. [PMID: 38349843 DOI: 10.2341/23-053-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of thickness on the translucency parameter (TP) and whiteness index for dentistry (WID) of single-shade resin composites compared with a multi-shade resin composite after thermocycling. A total of 100 resin composite samples of five brands (Filtek Z250, Omnichroma, Vittra APS Unique, Zenchroma, and Charisma Diamond One) with thicknesses of 2 mm and 4 mm were prepared (n=10). CIE L*a*b* coordinates were obtained using a spectrophotometer. The resin composite samples were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles. Before and after thermocycling, TP values were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula, and whiteness values were calculated using the WID. The influence of thickness, resin composite, and aging on these variables was analyzed using the generalized linear model (p<0.05). Omnichroma and Filtek Z250 exhibited, respectively, the highest and the lowest TP00 values compared with the other resin materials (p<0.001). The TP00 values of Zenchroma and Diamond One were similar (p>0.05). Vittra APS Unique had a lower TP than Zenchroma and Diamond One (p<0.001). Before thermocycling, the highest WID showed the combination of Vittra APS Unique with thicknesses of 2 mm (48.33±1.18). After thermocycling, the highest WID was shown in the combination of Vittra APS Unique with thicknesses of 2 mm (45.33±0.55) and 4 mm (46.23±0.94) (p<0.001). After thermocycling, the lowest WID was for the combination of Filtek Z250 with thicknesses 2 mm (21.16±0.93) and 4 mm (20.70±0.91) (p<0.001). The TP and WID values of the resin composites varied across different composites and thicknesses. Single-shade resin composites of different thicknesses demonstrated higher translucency and whiteness values than multi-shade resin composite, both before and after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Yağcı
- Özhan Yağcı, DDS, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, Turkey
| | - M Fidan
- *Muhammet Fidan, DDS, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, Turkey
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Lai PY, Lin TH. Translucency measurement system based on a polarized camera. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:1170-1181. [PMID: 38437416 DOI: 10.1364/ao.507311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a measurement system capable of estimating the transmittance and haze values of a composite object. The system, comprising a polarized camera, linear polarizer, and backlight, was calibrated to obtain four phase polarization images. Forty-one samples, which covered a wide range of transmittance and haze values, were manufactured to assist in correlating the polarization images and the referenced ground truth from the BKY-Gardner instrument. After the data regression, two linear equations were selected to estimate the transmittance and haze values of transparent objects. The verification experiment for 52 samples demonstrated that the proposed method accurately estimated the transmittance of the samples with a coefficient of determination (R 2) as high as 0.96 and an average error of less than 4.1%. The haze estimation had an R 2 of 0.94 and an average error of 5.08%. Pseudo color maps were used to present the different transmittance and haze values of a single object. The proposed system can perform image-based translucency measurements and obtain individual values of a composite object.
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Aydoğdu HM, Yıldız P, Ünlü DG. A comparative study of translucency and color perception in monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate veneers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23789. [PMID: 38192772 PMCID: PMC10772169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramic laminate veneers which are a conservative approach to restoring anterior teeth, combining minimal preparation and esthetics. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the thickness of monolithic zirconia laminate veneers on their optical properties and color perception, comparing them to lithium disilicate. A total of 60 laminate veneers were prepared using two ceramic materials, divided into three groups for each material (n = 10) with thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm. CIELab color parameters of the veneers were measured using a spectrophotometer and translucency parameters were calculated. The veneers were cemented onto uniform dies and final L, a, b values of the restorations were measured. The color difference between the different thicknesses was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni HSD post hoc tests were conducted to compare the color parameters (α = 0.05). The results showed that both material type (p < 0.001) and thickness (p < 0.001) influenced translucency values. The translucency values of zirconia veneers were significantly lower than those of lithium disilicate. The color differences (ΔE00) resulting from thickness changes (0.5-1.0 mm) were near or below the perception threshold for lithium disilicate, but distinct for zirconia restorations. In conclusion, monolithic zirconia veneers demonstrated lower translucency compared to lithium disilicate. Changing the material thickness affected the translucency of both materials, but not the color perception only for zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Murat Aydoğdu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale, Turkiye
| | - Pınar Yıldız
- Ministry of Health Nimet Bayraktar Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Damla Güneş Ünlü
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nuh Naci Yazgan University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkiye
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Jurado CA, Afrashtehfar KI, Hyer J, Alhotan A. Effect of sintering on the translucency of CAD-CAM lithium disilicate restorations: A comparative in vitro study. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:861-866. [PMID: 36609993 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The available independent data on the translucency of novel pre and fully sintered chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) lithium disilicate are limited. This comparative in vitro study evaluated the translucency degree of pre and fully sintered chairside CAD-CAM lithium disilicate crowns after optional, required, and additional firing processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and five maxillary left central incisor crowns manufactured by three different CAD-CAM lithium disilicate brands shade A1 were assigned into seven groups as follows (n = 15): (1) Straumann n!ce without sintering; (2) Straumann n!ce with one additional sintering process; (3) Straumann n!ce with two additional sintering processes; (4) Amber Mill with one sintering process; (5) Amber Mill with two sintering processes; (6) IPS e.max CAD with one sintering process; and (7) IPS e.max CAD with two sintering processes. The translucency of all crowns was evaluated with a color imaging spectrophotometer. All statistical analyses were performed using statistical software. A standard level of significance was set at α < 0.05. RESULTS All the milled crowns presented different degrees of translucency, and additional sintering processes altered it. IPS e.max CAD with two (4.33 ± 0.26) and one (4.01 ± 0.15) sintering processes displayed the highest translucency, whereas Straumann n!ce with no sintering process provided the lowest value (2.82 ± 0.16). CONCLUSIONS The translucency of chairside lithium disilicate single-unit full-coverage restorations manufactured with subtractive technology was significantly influenced by the brand and the number of sintering processes. The traditional presintered IPS e.max CAD and the fully crystallized glass-ceramic Straumann n!ce considerably increased the translucency after one additional firing process, whereas Amber Mill decreased its translucency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City, UAE
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jared Hyer
- A.T. Still University Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Mesa, Arizona, USA
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cubukcu I, Gundogdu I, Gul P. Color match analysis of single-shade and multi-shade composite resins using spectrophotometric and visual methods after bleaching. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:826-834. [PMID: 37821366 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the color match of the materials after the staining and bleaching procedures applied to the teeth restored with single-shade and multi-shade composite resins. Cavities prepared on the facial surface of human incisors were restored with two different composite resins. After 24 h, the color matching parameters between the initial filling-tooth of the samples were recorded. Then, the color measurements of the samples subjected to the coloring process were repeated. Each composite resin group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups and home and office bleaching methods were applied to the samples. After bleaching, color measurements were repeated. In terms of periods, a statistically significant difference was found in ΔE values 1 day and 28 days after bleaching (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that the color match between filling-tooth was generally weaker in Omnichroma material and after home bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Cubukcu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Iklima Gundogdu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Pinar Gul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
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Mishra S, Murthy P, Ahuja D, Thomas MS, Natarajan S, Pai U. Translucency characteristics of permanent maxillary central incisor in Indian population: An analytical cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2023; 26:651-656. [PMID: 38292740 PMCID: PMC10823983 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_44_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Understanding the optical characteristics, especially the translucency patterns (TPs) in teeth can assist clinicians in creating biomimetic restorations. Aim This study assessed the differences in enamel TPs and the area of translucency (AOT) in the most dominant teeth of an individual's smile according to their age and gender. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 consented individuals. Based on the age, there were four groups with 35 subjects in each. The digital imaging method is used to classify and differentiate different TPs. The AOT was measured with the assistance of ImageJ 1.51j8 software. Statistical Analysis Used One-way ANOVA with a post hoc test was used to test the statistical significance difference among the various age groups, and an independent t-test was used to test the variations between genders. Results The outcome of this study showed that the AOT was the highest for the 50 and above age group as compared to other age groups (P = 0.003). Although there were variations in the TPs between the two genders, the AOT showed no significant difference. Conclusion The area of incisal third translucency in the upper central incisors varied between different age groups. However, gender had no influence in the area of incisal translucency. Wide variations in the TPs were seen based on age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pranav Murthy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhruv Ahuja
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manuel S. Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Umesh Pai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Pongtongkham P, Pleumsamran N, Suttiat K. Effect of CAD/CAM Position and Thickness of Ultra-Translucent Multilayered Zirconia on Color Aspects. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:5000800. [PMID: 37635898 PMCID: PMC10460285 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-translucent multilayered zirconia restorations fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology have recently gained popularity. Their esthetic appeal is crucially dependent on the color accuracy, influenced by prosthesis thickness and multilayer composition due to CAD/CAM milling positions. This study comprehensively investigated how these two factors impacted color accuracy, thereby enhancing our understanding of color outcomes. Materials and Methods One hundred monolithic multilayer zirconia specimens with 10 × 10 mm square shape were milled in four different positions and five different thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm). The specimens were placed on an A3 shade resin composite substrate, and CIELAB values (L ∗, a ∗, and b ∗) were measured using a spectrophotometer. Delta E (ΔE) values were calculated to quantify the color differences between the specimens and the A3 VITA classical shade tab and compared with the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds of ΔE = 1.2 and 2.7, respectively. Pearson correlation, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey multiple comparisons (α = 0.05) were performed. Results The proportion of the dentin layer was positively correlated with the a ∗ and b ∗ values, while specimen thickness was positively correlated with the a ∗ value and negatively correlated with the L ∗ and b ∗ values. Significant difference in ΔE value due to different CAD/CAM positions was not observed within the same specimen thickness. Perceptible color differences were observed in specimens with thicknesses greater than 1 mm, while specimens with 1 mm thickness fell within the clinically acceptable range. Highest ΔE value was found in the specimen with 1 mm thickness. Conclusions Different compositions of multilayers in the final restoration due to different CAD/CAM positions do not significantly affect the color appearance of ultra-translucent multilayer zirconia, with color only influenced by specimen thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanupap Pongtongkham
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nathawat Pleumsamran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kullapop Suttiat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Cho MH, Seol HJ. Effect of High-Speed Sintering on the Optical Properties, Microstructure, and Phase Distribution of Multilayered Zirconia Stabilized with 5 mol% Yttria. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5570. [PMID: 37629861 PMCID: PMC10456241 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As dental 5 mol% yttria-stabilized (5Y-) zirconia demand high esthetics, it is necessary to clarify how the optical properties are affected by high-speed sintering, which is not yet fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of high-speed sintering on the translucency and opalescence parameters (TP and OP, respectively), as well as their related microstructure and phase distribution, using two types of multilayered 5Y-zirconia. Multilayered 5Y-zirconia (Cercon xt ML, Lava Esthetic) were cut layer-by-layer, followed by conventional and high-speed sintering. The TP and OP values were subsequently obtained using a spectrophotometer, and field emission scanning electron microscopy images were used to analyze the average grain size. The phase fractions were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Regardless of the zirconia type, the TP was slightly lowered by high-speed sintering in all the layers except the dentin layer (DL) for Lava Esthetic (p < 0.05). The OP decreased by high-speed sintering in the DL for Cercon xt ML and in all the layers for Lava Esthetic (p < 0.05). The decrease in translucency after high-speed sintering was attributed to a decrease in the yttria-rich t'-phase with low tetragonality, along with an increase in the yttria-lean t-phase with high tetragonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Cho
- Department of Dental Lab, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Joung Seol
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
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Shin HJ, Kwon YH, Seol HJ. Effect of superspeed sintering on translucency, opalescence, microstructure, and phase fraction of multilayered 4 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal and 6 mol% yttria-stabilized partially stabilized zirconia ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:254.e1-254.e10. [PMID: 37357086 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The optical properties of recently developed multilayer zirconia have mainly been studied for the effects of conventional sintering and speed sintering but not as much for the effect of superspeed sintering. As superspeed sintering protocols typically require a higher sintering temperature and higher heating and cooling rates than speed- and conventional sintering protocols, the optical properties of superspeed sintered zirconia may be affected differently. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of superspeed sintering on the optical properties, microstructure, and phase fraction of multilayered 4 mol% yttria-stabilized (4Y-) and 6 mol% yttria-stabilized (6Y-) zirconia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Multilayered 4Y- and 6Y-zirconia were sectioned. After conventional and superspeed sintering, the translucency parameter (TP), and opalescence parameter (OP) were measured with a spectrophotometer (n=10). To obtain the grain sizes from the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images for each layer (n=2), more than 500 (6Y-zirconia) and 800 grains (4Y-zirconia) were measured by linear intercept methods. The phase fractions were obtained through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis by using the Rietveld method (n=1). The results were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey honest significant difference tests (TP and OP) and by 3-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffé tests (grain size) (α=.05). RESULTS No layers exhibited a significant difference in TP after superspeed sintering, except the dentin layer (DL) and transition layer 2 (T2) of 4Y- and 6Y-zirconia, respectively. The TP increased (P<.05) in DL for superspeed sintered 4Y-zirconia and decreased (P<.05) in T2 for the superspeed sintered 6Y-zirconia. However, the difference in TP by superspeed sintering was lower than the perceptibility thresholds of 50:50%. The OP decreased (P<.05) in the DL and T2 of 4Y-zirconia after superspeed sintering. For 6Y-zirconia, the OP decreased (P<.05) in all layers except for the transition layer 1 (T1) after superspeed sintering. However, the difference in OP values was minimal, with only a 1.1 difference observed for Zolid Gen-X (4Y) and a range of 1.22 to 1.62 for Katana UTML (6Y) when using superspeed sintering. No significant change was found in the grain size after superspeed sintering of either zirconia. Regardless of the sintering speed, the average grain size of the 6Y-zirconia (conventional: 2.09 to 2.21 μm; superspeed: 2.11 to 2.20 μm) was larger than that of the 4Y-zirconia (conventional: 0.50 to 0.52 μm; superspeed: 0.52 to 0.54 μm). Owing to superspeed sintering, the metastable tetragonal (T') phase content increased while the tetragonal (T) phase decreased in 4Y-zirconia; in 6Y-zirconia, the cubic (C) phase content increased, while the T'-phase content decreased. CONCLUSIONS Superspeed sintering did not result in any clinically significant changes in the translucency and opalescence of 4Y- or 6Y-zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Shin
- Post-Doctoral Researcher, Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kwon
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Joung Seol
- Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Duveiller V, Clerc R, Eymard J, Salomon JP, Hébert M. Performance of two-flux and four-flux models for predicting the spectral reflectance and transmittance factors of flowable dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:743. [PMID: 37394391 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prediction accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Reflectance Theory and other more innovative two-flux and four-flux models for predicting the reflectance and transmittance factors of two flowable dental resin composites of various thicknesses within clinically acceptable color difference. METHODS Cylindrical samples of Aura Easy Flow resin composite (Ae1, Ae2, Ae3, Ae4 shades) and Estelite Universal Flow SuperLow resin composite (A1, A2, A3, A3.5, A4, A5 shades) were prepared with thicknesses ranging from 0.3 mm to 1.8 mm. Their reflectance and transmittance factors were measured with a spectrophotometer based on an integrating sphere, and were also predicted by 3 different two-flux models and 2 different four-flux models. The accuracy of reflectance and transmittance factor predictions was assessed using the CIEDE2000 color distance metric and 50:50% acceptability and perceptibility threshold criteria. RESULTS Eymard's four-flux model is found to be the most accurate for predicting the spectral reflectance and transmittance factors, with 85% (resp. 100%) of all color deviations below the acceptability threshold, and below the perceptibility threshold for 40% (resp. 57%) of the samples with thickness ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 mm in reflectance (resp. transmittance) mode. The Kubelka-Munk Reflectance Theory is found to be the least accurate model for predicting the spectral reflectance and transmittance factors of dental resin of thickness ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 mm. SIGNIFICANCE Eymard's four-flux model enables to predict the color of slices of dental materials within acceptable color differences. Eymard's four-flux model's optical parameters thus describe light-matter interactions in dental materials more accurately than state of the art Kubelka-Munk Reflectance Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Duveiller
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Raphaël Clerc
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julien Eymard
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salomon
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse UMR 7361 CNRS, Université de Haute Alsace, France; Université de Strasbourg, France; Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Stomatologie, Odontologie Hospitalière, au C.H.U. de Besançon, France; Département d'Odontologie de la Faculté de Médecine de Besançon. Département des Dispositifs Médicaux et des Biomatériaux Dentaires, France; EA 4662 « Nanomédecine, Radiologie, Thérapie », Université de Franche Comté, France; Oral Health and Sciences University (O.H.S.U.). The Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences. Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Hébert
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Ilie N, Ionescu AC, Huth KC, Moldovan M. Light Transmission Characteristics and Cytotoxicity within A Dental Composite Color Palette. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103773. [PMID: 37241400 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern light-cured, resin-based composites are offered in a wide range of shades and translucencies. This large variation, created by varying the amount and type of pigmentation and opacifiers, is essential to enable an esthetic restoration in each patient situation, but may affect light transmission in the deeper layers during curing. We quantified optical parameters and their real-time variation during curing for a 13-shade composite palette of identical chemical composition and microstructure. Incident irradiance and real-time light transmission through 2 mm thick samples were recorded to calculate absorbance, transmittance, and the kinetic of transmitted irradiance. Data were supplemented by the characterization of cellular toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts up to 3 months. The study highlights a strong dependence of light transmission and its kinetic as a function of shade, with the largest changes occurring within the first second of exposure; the faster changes, the darker and more opaque the material. Transmission differences within progressively darker shades of a pigmentation type (hue) followed a hue-specific, non-linear relationship. Shades with similar transmittance but belonging to different hues were identified, while the corresponding kinetic was identical only up to a transmittance threshold. A slight drop in absorbance was registered with increasing wavelength. None of the shades were cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestrasse 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Cristian Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Karin Christine Huth
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Goethestrasse 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Enrique Cuevas-Suárez C, Aldrighi Münchow E, Gonçalves Schwarzbold C, Kuhn Rutz J, Fernandes da Silva A, Piva E. Effect of naturally derived antioxidants as polymerization inhibitors on experimental adhesive resins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang J, Yang J, Lv K, Zhang H, Huang H, Jiang X. Can we use the translucency parameter to predict the CAD/CAM ceramic restoration aesthetic? Dent Mater 2023; 39:e1-e10. [PMID: 36841746 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of background color, ceramic type and coping thickness on masking ability (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic/monolithic zirconia and, to determine the correlations between coping thickness, TP and ΔE. METHODS A total of 120 ceramic specimens (2 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm thickness; n = 10) of four CAD/CAM ceramics: IPS e.max, IPS ZirCAD, Upcera Li CAD and Upcera TT CAD, were studied. Specimens were tested over nine fabricated backgrounds: A1, A2, A3.5, ND2 and ND7 shade resin-based composites, cobalt-chromium alloy (CC), medium precious alloy (MPA), black (B) and white (W). CIELab values (L*, a* and b*), color difference (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) were measured and calculated using a digital spectrophotometer (color i7, X-Rite, Pantone®). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, three-way ANOVA, independent t-tests and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS 2 mm CAD/CAM ceramics showed ideal color matching (ΔE<2.6) over different backgrounds, except for CC, B and W backgrounds. Monolithic zirconia had lower ΔE values than lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. ΔE and TP values significantly reduced with the increased coping thickness (p < 0.05). Regardless of ceramic type and thickness, a strong TP-SD of ΔE correlation was observed. SIGNIFICANCE CAD/CAM ceramic restoration color was significantly affected by background color, ceramic type and coping thickness. TP is a promising predictor for appropriate ceramic selection to receive an acceptable CAD/CAM ceramic restoration aesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaige Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Kang S, Ryu SY, Kim KM, Park SH. Effect of thickness on the translucency of resin-based composites and glass-ceramics. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:30-41. [PMID: 36244738 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of thickness (1, 2, 3, and 4 mm) on the translucency of resin-based composites (RBCs) and glass-ceramics, and compare the influence of the thickness of those materials on the translucency parameter (TP) value. The materials were divided into two groups, eight RBCs in Group 1 and five glass-ceramics in Group 2 and TP, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* were compared. Statistically significant differences were present in the 2, 3, and 4 mm in the TP, in the 2 and 4 mm in ΔL*, and in all thicknesses in Δa* and Δb* betweent the two groups. The TP of RBCs and glass-ceramics decreased as thickness increased, especially from 1 mm to 2 mm. The TP values of the RBCs were more significantly decreased as the thickness of the material increased from 2 mm to 4 mm than those of the glass-ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Kang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Seung-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University
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Toma FR, Porojan SD, Vasiliu RD, Porojan L. The Effect of Polishing, Glazing, and Aging on Optical Characteristics of Multi-Layered Dental Zirconia with Different Degrees of Translucency. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020068. [PMID: 36826868 PMCID: PMC9967825 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Considering that the appearance of a dental material is an important factor that contributes to the success of prosthetic restorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optical properties and color changes among the layers of three commercial zirconias, to compare the aspect of the polished and glazed surfaces before and after aging and to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal degradation on their aesthetics. (2) Methods: Forty-eight plate-shaped samples were sectioned from presintered blocks of each multilayer translucent zirconia with different Yttrium content: Ceramill Zolid fx ML (5 mol%) = CeZ, STML (4 mol%) = STM, IPS e.maxZirCAD CEREC/in Lab MT Multi (4 mol% + 5 mol%) = IPZ. The samples were sintered according to the recommendation of each manufacturer, and half (24) of them were polished and the other half (24) glazed on one of the surfaces. Each type was equally divided into one control and one aging group, and, for each material, this resulted in four groups (n = 12): polished-control, polished-autoclaved glazed-control, and glazed-autoclaved. The artificial aging was carried out with an autoclave and distilled water at 134 °C, 0.2 MPa for 1 h, and for optical parameters (TP, CR, OP) and color change (ΔE*) measurements on a black and white background in a CIE L*a*b* color system, a spectrophotometer was used. The specimens were evaluated in incisal, cervical, and medium areas on polished and glazed samples before and after the aging stage. Statistical analysis was achieved with a two-way ANOVA test, the unpaired t-test, and the paired t-test. (3) Results: Before and after aging, the mean TP values for polished samples were higher than the glazed ones. After aging, the mean TP values increased for all groups (except polished CeZ), and significant differences were reported for polished STM, IPZ. After LTD, the opalescence registered an increase for almost all groups (except polished CeZ, polished and glazed IPZ-medium area), and significant differences were reported for almost all groups (except STM-incisal, IPZ-cervical, medium areas). The levels of color change were between extremely slight to perceivable. (4) Conclusions: Optical properties of the selected multilayer zirconia were influenced by polishing and glazing as surface treatment and affected by artificial aging (CeZ the least); perceivable color changes for polished STM, IPZ were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Roxana Toma
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Daniel Porojan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Cho MH, Seol HJ. Optical Properties, Microstructure, and Phase Fraction of Multi-Layered Monolithic Zirconia with and without Yttria-Gradient. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:41. [PMID: 36614380 PMCID: PMC9821384 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The differences in the optical properties of multi-layered zirconia with and without yttria-gradient are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the optical properties, related microstructures, and phase fractions of multi-layered zirconia with and without yttria-gradient. For this, multi-layered zirconia of 5 mol% yttria (5Y) stabilized (Katana STML) and 4Y/5Y stabilized (e.max MT Multi) were cut layerwise, sintered, and analyzed using the opalescence parameter (OP), average transmittance (AT%), translucency parameter (TP), and contrast ratio (CR). The average grain size and phase fractions were obtained from field-emission scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction patterns, respectively. Although the TP values of Katana STML and e.max MT Multi did not show a significant difference (except for transition layer 1), the results of AT and CR showed that the translucency of e.max MT Multi was slightly higher than that of Katana STML (p < 0.05). The opalescence gradient was higher in Katana STML than in the e.max MT Multi. In both zirconia types, translucency increased from the dentin to enamel layer based on the AT, TP, and CR results, while OP decreased (p < 0.05). The higher translucency from the dentin to enamel layer in Katana STML was caused by the pigmentation gradient, while in e.max MT Multi, it was caused by the difference in phase fraction and the pigmentation gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyang Cho
- Department of Dental Lab, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Joung Seol
- Department of Dental Materials, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
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SARIDAĞ S, TEKÇE N, BAŞPINAR ALPER S, DERELİ İNAN B. Bond Strength of Different Composite Resin Materials and CAD/CAM Restorative Materials to Each Other and Dentin Tissue. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2022.54154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pink K, Hein S, Foschum F, Kienle A. Determination of the spectrally resolved extinction coefficient of human dental enamel using collimated transmission spectroscopy. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1661-1668. [PMID: 36085084 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The determination of the extinction coefficient of human dental enamel to deliver further optical properties of enamel to improve the understanding of light propagation in teeth and to improve restoration materials. METHODS The extinction coefficient was measured within a spectral range of 300-980 nm using a collimated transmission setup. 35 specimens from 16 donors were examined. The donors were categorized by age and the researched specimen were categorized by tooth type, tooth quality and lateral expansion of the enamel to clarify the influence of these parameters. RESULTS The obtained spectrally resolved extinction coefficient was accurately described by a power law, which agrees with theoretical scattering models. The results were evaluated with regard to the influence of parameters such as subject age, tooth type, enamel sample quality and enamel width. For this purpose, both the average values of multiple measurements of a single sample in a defined spectral range as well as the curve slope of the averaged results versus wavelength were compared. SIGNIFICANCE The results provide detailed information about the optical properties of human enamel. The wide spectrum investigated provides important information for the evaluation of the main scatterers and the optical impression under any light condition. However, the deviation of the extinction coefficient varies less between the mean values for the specimens grouped by several parameters than between the specimens themselves within a group. This indicates a unique optical behaviour for every specimen and this requires consideration in the development of artificial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Pink
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sascha Hein
- Emulation S. Hein, Rennweg 17, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Florian Foschum
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alwin Kienle
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik an der Universität Ulm, Helmholzstr. 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Wang YJ, Chu TMG, Lin WS. Translucency parameter and color masking ability of CAD/CAM denture base materials against metal substrates. J Prosthodont 2022; 32:61-67. [PMID: 35929188 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the translucency parameters of traditional, milled, and 3D-printed denture base materials at 3 different thicknesses and the color masking ability of each material against a metallic background between different thicknesses. MATERIAL AND METHODS A traditional heat-polymerizing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (H-Lucitone) material was used as the control group. Two milled pre-polymerized resin blocks (M-Lucitone and IvoBase) and five 3D-printed denture base materials (P-Lucitone, Dentca LP, Dentca OP, Formlabs, and Kulzer) were used as experimental groups. A total of 240 samples, (n = 30, per material) were fabricated to a final specimen dimension of 12×12 mm and in thicknesses of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mm (n = 10 per thickness/material) according to the manufacturers' recommendations. The color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) in CIELab color space for all specimens placed against a white, black, and metallic background were measured with a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameters (TP00 ) at each thickness and the color differences between 1 mm and 2 mm (dE00M1-2 ) and between 2 mm and 3 mm (dE00M2-3 ) against the metallic background were calculated with the CIEDE2000 color matrix. Comparisons between the groups for differences in TP00 were made using One-way ANOVA separately for each thickness. Comparisons of groups and materials for differences in dE00M1-2 and dE00M2-3 were made using Two-way ANOVA and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences (α = .05). RESULTS The TP00 decreased with increasing thickness in all 8 material groups. All 3D-printed materials, except P-Lucitone, had higher TP00 than milled pre-polymerized resin materials (M-Lucitone and IvoBase), and traditional heat-polymerizing PMMA (H-Lucitone) material (P<.001) at all thicknesses. In the 1 mm and 2 mm thickness, heat-polymerizing acrylic resin (H-Lucitone) had the lowest TP00 , and in the 3 mm thickness, milled acrylic resin (M-Lucitone and IVOBase) had had lowest TP00 (P<.001). All material groups had significantly lower values of dE00M2-3 than dE00M1-2 (P<.001). The color differences dE00M2-3 were significantly lower in H-Lucitone, M-Lucitone, P-Lucitone, and IvoBase groups than in other materials, while the color difference of dE00M1-2 was significantly lower in H-Lucitone, P-Lucitone and Dentca LP than other materials (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study provide clinicians and dental technicians with information regarding the selection of denture base materials to achieve desired color masking outcomes, according to available prosthetic space. Thicker prostheses significantly improved the color masking abilities of denture acrylic resins against a metallic background. In a thickness of 1 and 2 mm, the heat-polymerizing acrylic resin had a lower translucency parameter and better color masking ability. When the prosthesis thickness reached 3 mm, the milled acrylic resin had a lower translucency parameter and better color masking ability. When compared to the heat-polymerizing resin and milled acrylic resin materials, except for one 3D-printing resin (P-Lucitone), the color masking abilities of the remaining 3D-printing resin materials were low, regardless of prosthesis thickness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Wang
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital
| | - Tien-Min G Chu
- Professor, Associate Dean for Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Professor, Program Director, and Chair, Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry
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Color Stability Determination of CAD/CAM Milled and 3D Printed Acrylic Resins for Denture Bases: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the available literature on the different methods for color stability determination of CAD/CAM milled and 3D printed resins for denture bases. The methodology included applying a search strategy, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria and selecting studies to summarize the results. Searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were performed independently by three reviewers to gather the literature published between 1998 and 2022. A total of 186 titles were obtained from the electronic database, and the application of exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 66 articles pertaining to the different methods for color stability determination of CAD/CAM acrylic resins for denture bases. Color change in dental materials is clinically very important for the dental operator, as it determines the clinical serviceability of the material. Discoloration of the denture bases can be evaluated with various instruments and methods. Dental resins may undergo color changes over time due to intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors. The extrinsic factors are considered the more frequent causes of color changes. According to a number of studies, CAD/CAM fabricated acrylics have achieved better color stability than the conventional PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) resins.
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Islam MS, Huda N, Mahendran S, Aryal Ac S, Nassar M, Rahman MM. The Blending Effect of Single-Shade Composite with Different Shades of Conventional Resin Composites-An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35728612 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Single-shade composite systems are gaining popularity among clinicians due to the claimed potential of blending with different tooth structure shades while restoring the tooth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blending effect of two single-shade composite with different shades of conventional resin composite systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two composite cylinders of B1, B2, A1, A2, A3, or A3.5 shade from CharmFil Plus (CP) and Filtek Universal Restorative (3M) were prepared using custom-made silicone mold. Single-shade composite OMNICHROMA (OC) or Beautifil II Enamel (BE) was placed in the center of each cylinder and polymerized. The color parameters, lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (H*) of each composite were measured using a color chronometer. Furthermore, color stability of the samples was evaluated after 1-week staining challenge. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariant analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of material and shade on the color parameters. Multiple comparisons of the data were performed using post hoc test. The staining challenge data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance and paired sample T-test. RESULTS The multivariant analysis showed a statistically significant difference in color parameters among CP, 3M, OC, and BE (p = 0.001). Image analysis showed a visual blending effect for both OC and BE for certain shades; however, some color contrast with the darker shades was observed. The C* value of OC showed a similar pattern to CP; however, the H* of the latter was closely followed by BE. The L* value showed statistically significant difference among the shades of 3M, and in OC and BE when blended with 3M. CONCLUSION All four materials used in this study showed color alteration after the staining challenge. Single-shade composite can blend with only certain shades of resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sofiqul Islam
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noorul Huda
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sankavi Mahendran
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Smriti Aryal Ac
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Mustahsen Rahman
- Department of Periodontology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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Divnic-Resnik T, Shen JJ, Nguyen JVT, Lu DW, Miletic V. Effects of bioflavonoid-containing mouth rinses on optical properties of tooth-coloured dental restorative materials. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9944. [PMID: 35705613 PMCID: PMC9200838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated differences in colour (ΔE00) and translucency parameter (ΔTP00) of nanofilled/microhybrid composites and a glass-ionomer cement following immersion in bioflavonoid (Citrox)- or chlorhexidine-based mouth rinses. Sixty disc-shaped specimens (N = 5/group) of Filtek Supreme (3M), Gradia Anterior (GC) and Fuji IX (GC) were exposed to Citrox/0.2%CHX (Perio+0.2, Curaprox), Citrox/0.09%CHX (Perio+0.09, Curaprox), 0.2%CHX (Savacol, Colgate-Palmolive) or distilled water by 2-min agitation daily for 28 days in an orbital shaker at 200 rpm at 37 °C. Colour recordings were performed using a clinical spectrophometer to obtain CIELab coordinates. General linear model, ANOVA, Tukey test (α = 0.05) and Pearson correlation test were used to analyse data. ΔE00 ranged between 0.33 (Gradia_Savacol_T28) and 6.35 (Fuji_Savacol_T28) (p < 0.001). ΔTP00 ranged between 0.36 (Fuji_ Perio+0.2) and 1.73 (Fuji_Savacol) (p < 0.05). Savacol resulted in higher ΔE00 of Filtek and Fuji and ΔTP00 of Filtek than Perio+0.09 and Perio+0.2 (p = 0.005). Perio+0.09 and Perio+0.2 resulted in higher ΔE00 at T7 than T28 (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between ΔTP00 and ΔE00 (r = 0.445, p = 0.147). Generally, Perio+0.2 and Perio+0.09 mouth rinses produced similar or lower ΔE00 and ΔTP00 than Savacol. GIC Fuji showed higher ΔE00 and similar or higher ΔTP00 than composites Filtek and Gradia. ΔE00 in all materials decreased in Perio+0.2 and Perio+0.09 over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Divnic-Resnik
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia
| | - Jay Junyang Shen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia
| | - Jim Vinh The Nguyen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia
| | - Derek Weidi Lu
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia
| | - Vesna Miletic
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia.
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Comba A, Paolone G, Baldi A, Vichi A, Goracci C, Bertozzi G, Scotti N. Effects of Substrate and Cement Shade on the Translucency and Color of CAD/CAM Lithium-Disilicate and Zirconia Ceramic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1778. [PMID: 35566944 PMCID: PMC9101095 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of substrate and cement shades on the translucency and color of lithium-disilicate and zirconia CAD/CAM materials. Two light-cured resin cements (RelyX Veneer Cement; 3M; Choice 2 Veneer Cement; Bisco Dental) with a standardized thickness (0.1 mm) were tested in combination with two different monolithic CAD/CAM materials (E-Max CAD (LI2SI2O5); Ivoclar Vivadent; Katana (ZrO2); Kuraray-Noritake Dental) on two different colored composite substrates used as a dentin (Filtek Supreme XTE; 3M); for a total of 12 combinations (n = 10). The specimens’ color was measured with a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade; MHT). Measurements were taken using the CIELAB color coordinate system (L*a*b*) against black and white backgrounds. L*a*b* values were statistically analyzed for the variables Substrate, Ceramic, and Cement by applying a Three-Way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Test for post-hoc comparison (p < 0.05). Translucency Parameter (TP) and Constant Ratio (CR) were assessed to evaluate translucency; acceptability and perceptibility thresholds (ΔE00 1.8 and 0.8) were used. Statistically significant influence was found for factors ceramic material, cement shade, and substrate color (p < 0.05). Unacceptable color differences were reported for Li2Si2O5. Opacity was significantly higher when white opaque cement shade was employed. Ceramic type and cement shade significantly influenced L*a*b* color coordinates. The final translucency and color of ceramic restorations can, therefore, be influenced by ceramic material, cement shade, and substrate color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Comba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Gaetano Paolone
- Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Dental School, Vita Salute University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Baldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Alessandro Vichi
- Dental Academy, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, William Beatty Building, Hampshire Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK;
| | - Cecilia Goracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bertozzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.B.)
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Optical Behavior and Surface Analysis of Dental Resin Matrix Ceramics Related to Thermocycling and Finishing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Color preservation of esthetic dental restorative materials in the oral environment represents, besides longevity, a concern, and there is still limited knowledge related to the effect of aging on the optical behavior of resin matrix ceramics. The study analyzed the finishing and thermocycling of resin matrix ceramic material surfaces, in order to assess their consequences on optical properties. Five resin matrix CAD/CAM ceramics, namely a polymer-infiltrated ceramic and four types of nanoparticle-filled resins, were selected for the study, and finished by polishing and glazing. Thermocycling was chosen as the in vitro aging method. Surface microroughness, optical and hardness evaluations were achieved before and after artificial aging. Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics software at a significance value of p < 0.05. Micro-roughness values increased after thermocycling, but were kept under the clinically accepted values. The optical characteristics of resin matrix ceramics were not significantly modified by thermocycling. Values of the glazed samples became closer to those of the polished ones, after hydrothermal aging, even if the differences were insignificant. Thermocycling significantly decreased the microhardness, mainly for glazed samples. This could be the consequence of glaze removal during thermocycling, which means that glazes provide a surface protection for a limited time.
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Masking Abilities of Dental Cad/Cam Resin Composite Materials Related to Substrate and Luting Material. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030364. [PMID: 35160353 PMCID: PMC8838689 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An outstanding treatment challenge related to aesthetic monolithic materials is to mask discolored substrates in aesthetic areas. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the substrate masking ability of different resin composite materials and the influence of their association with luting agents and substrates. Five types of 2M2 HT (high translucency) resin composite materials were selected: Vita Enamic [E] and four types of nanoparticle-filled composites Lava Ultimate [L], Cerasmart [C], Shofu HC [S], and Hyramic [H]. Resin composite Vita VM LC with different shades was used for the substrates: 2M2, 3M2, and CP2. Variolink Esthetic Try-inpastes neutral, light+, and warm+ colors were chosen to simulate the luting agent color. Optical parameters (TP (translucency), CR (contrast ratio), and OP (opalesce)) and color differences ΔE (chromatic difference) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the comparisons between the groups and establish correlations. TP average values for all materials were in the range of 21.49–24.53. OP average values were in the rage of 6.31–7.85. OP is moderate positive correlated to TP and CR is negative and strong correlated to TP. Related to materials, average color changes decrease as following: E > H > C > L > S. Referring to the tryin material, warm colors induce marked color changes of the restoration. The differences of the color changes determined by all studied substrates are significant. For the final aesthetic aspect of the restoration, it is essential to consider the underlying dental structure, luting agent, and restoration material as a whole unit. The masking ability of the investigated resin matrix ceramic materials materials shows differences, the best behavior demonstrated Shofu HC and Lava Ultimate. Marked color changes are related to high chroma substrates. For substrates with a darker color, the association with warm try-in pastes lead to marked color changes, but with neutral and light try-in pastes at most perceivable.
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Al-Hadithi A, Gholam M. Shade Matching of OMNICHROMA Analyzed by Four Digital and Visual Shade Selection Techniques: An In Vitro Study. DENTAL HYPOTHESES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_88_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ellakany P, Madi M, Aly NM, Al-Aql ZS, AlGhamdi M, AlJeraisy A, Alagl AS. Effect of CAD/CAM Ceramic Thickness on Shade Masking Ability of Discolored Teeth: In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413359. [PMID: 34948965 PMCID: PMC8704777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shade matching is a common challenge that dentists face during fabrication of esthetic dental restoration. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the masking ability of two types of CAD/CAM ceramics for gaining high esthetic prosthesis. This in vitro study used a total sample size of 66 lithium disilicate (LD) and leucite reinforced (LR) CAD/CAM ceramics sub-grouped into three thicknesses: 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm. Nine shades of natural dentin die materials were prepared as a replica of the underlying tooth structure. The difference in color (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) were assessed for both tested ceramics at the three thicknesses. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the three thicknesses of each ceramic, followed by multiple pairwise comparisons between both ceramics. LR had significantly higher ΔE than LD at all thicknesses used unlike the case in TP. Thickness of 0.5 mm exhibited the highest ΔE and TP, while 1.5 mm thickness showed the lowest ΔE and TP in both ceramics. Increase in ceramic thickness had a great impact on both color masking ability of the underlying tooth structure and its translucency. The higher the ceramic thickness, the better the masking ability and the lower the translucency was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-4781-2107
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
| | - Zainb S. Al-Aql
- Dental Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 22230, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maher AlGhamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman AlJeraisy
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adel S. Alagl
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (A.S.A.)
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Porojan L, Toma FR, Vasiliu RD, Topală FI, Porojan SD, Matichescu A. Optical Properties and Color Stability of Dental PEEK Related to Artificial Ageing and Staining. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234102. [PMID: 34883606 PMCID: PMC8658820 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that the processes of PEEK discoloration caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors require elucidation, the aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of the combined action of ageing and immersing solutions on the optical properties and color stability of PEEK material, related to surface processing (polishing or glazing). (2) Methods: This study aims to determine the influence of different ageing and staining protocols on optical properties, color changes, and surface roughness of a reinforced PEEK material (bioHPP, Bredent, Senden, Germany). For ageing, specimens were submitted to 5000 cycles in a 55 °C bath and a 5 °C bath filled with distilled water. For staining, thermal cycling was performed in a hot coffee bath (55 °C) and a bath filled with distilled water (37 °C) and in a cold juice bath (5 °C) and a bath filled with distilled water (37 °C). Translucency (TP) and opalescence (OP) parameters were determined, the total color change value (ΔΕ*) was calculated, specimens’ surface roughness was analyzed, and statistical analyses were performed. (3) Results: The mean TP values of the studied samples were in the interval of 1.25–3.60, which is lower than those reported for natural teeth or other aesthetic restoration materials. The OP values of PEEK were registered in the range of 0.27–0.75, being also lower than those of natural teeth or other aesthetic restoration materials. OP has a very strong positive relationship with TP. The mean registered Ra values for all subgroups were below 0.13 µm. Artificial ageing and staining in hot coffee proved to increase the roughness values. (4) Conclusions: The glazing of PEEK has a favorable effect on surface roughness and opalescence, irrespective of the artificial ageing or staining protocols. Artificial ageing damages the color stability and roughness of PEEK, regardless of surface processing, and decreases the translucency and opalescence of glazed surfaces. Immersion in hot coffee leads to perceivable discolorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Porojan
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.R.T.)
| | - Flavia Roxana Toma
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.R.T.)
| | - Roxana Diana Vasiliu
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (L.P.); (F.R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Florin-Ionel Topală
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Sorin Daniel Porojan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation (Dental Technology), Center for Advanced Technologies in Dental Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 14A Tudor Vladimirescu Ave., 300173 Timisoara, Romania;
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Effect of external staining on the optical properties and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia of different thicknesses. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:687.e1-687.e8. [PMID: 34657728 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The effect of the number of external staining applications on the color, translucency, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia is not known. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of glazing and repeated external staining on the color, translucency, and surface roughness of 2 types of monolithic zirconia with 2 different thicknesses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two 10×10-mm monolithic zirconia blocks, of which 16 were super high translucent and 16 were high translucent, were milled. The thickness of half the blocks was 0.7 mm, and the others were 1.2-mm thick. Four specimens in each subgroup were colored with value stain, and the other half with yellow stain. Staining was repeated twice for each specimen. The color and translucency of each specimen were measured before overglazing as the baseline, after overglazing, and after each staining process by using a spectrophotometer. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured after overglazing, the first staining, and the second staining. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures ANOVA and the independent t test (α=.05). RESULTS The number of coloring, type of coloring, and thickness changed the optical properties of monolithic zirconia. a∗, b∗, L∗ Value and ΔE were affected by the stage of firing (glazing, first staining, and second staining) (P<.001). ΔE Increased after the first and second staining in each type and thickness of monolithic zirconia and each type of stain. The amount of ΔE change was more for the first staining stage. The color difference (ΔE) after overglazing ranged from 3.08 to 3.75. The highest changes in color were related to the first staining with yellow colorant of super-high-translucent monolithic zirconia (cubeX²) with 0.7-mm thickness (ΔE=17.62). The surface roughness of the specimens was affected by the number of colorings (P<.001). In all groups, the first staining increased the surface roughness, and the second staining decreased the surface roughness. The type of monolithic zirconia (P=.756), thickness (P=.735), and type of stain (P=.239) had no significant effect on the surface roughness. CONCLUSIONS The first stage of staining with both stains caused more color change in all types and thicknesses of monolithic zirconia. Translucency increased after glazing and decreased after the first and second staining. The first staining increased the surface roughness, and the second decreased the surface roughness.
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Faculty versus Student Repeatability on Evaluating Translucency of the Anterior Dentition. PROSTHESIS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis3040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the repeatability between dental faculty, whose clinical practice was primarily restorative dentistry, and final year dental students in categorizing the inherent translucency of images selected at random using either a 3- or 7-point scale (translucent to opaque). Digital images of anterior dentition were randomly selected based on inherent translucency. Thirty images (five were repeated) were randomized and categorized by 20 dental students and 20 faculty on their inherent translucency. Statistical analysis was performed using an F test for analysis of variance at 95% confidence interval. A covariance parameter estimate (CPE) was accomplished to compare the inter-rater variability of the dental faculty and dental students. Statistically, more variability occurred between Slides (CPE of 0.185 (p = 0.001)) and between Subject and Slide (CPE of 0.122 (p = 0.0002)) than within subjects (CPE of 0.021 (p = 0.083)). Viewing repeat Slides, Students (CPE = 0.16) were more consistent (p < 0.05) than faculty (CPE = 1.8) using the 3- point scale, while the CPE was the same (CPE = 0.669) using 7-point scale. Dental students and faculty were consistent using the 7-point scale to judge repeat slides, while dental students in this limited pilot study were more consistent when viewing a repeat slide using the 3-point scale.
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Shirani M, Savabi O, Mosharraf R, Akhavankhaleghi M, Hebibkhodaei M, Isler S. Comparison of translucency and opalescence among different dental monolithic ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:446.e1-446.e6. [PMID: 34304886 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Monolithic ceramic restorations designed by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing are increasingly being used by clinicians. With the introduction of new materials, their optical characteristics also need to be investigated. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the translucency and opalescence of lithium disilicate, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, presintered zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material, and multilayer zirconia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 50 rectangular plates (14×12×1 mm) of 5 monolithic ceramics were prepared in this in vitro study (n=10). Each zirconia specimen was divided into 3 groups of incisal, middle, and gingival thirds. Each group was then evaluated separately. The color parameters of specimens were measured on 3 backgrounds, white, black, and #3 Ivoclar Natural Die Color material, by using a spectrophotometer. The translucency and opalescence of the specimens were determined by the relevant equations, and between-group comparisons were made. One-way ANOVA and Tamhane post hoc tests were used to compare groups (α=.05). RESULTS The difference among the groups was significant in translucency (F=137.346, df=6, P<.001), contrast ratio (F=134.148, df=6, P<.001), and opalescence parameters (F=128.028, df=6, P<.001). The 3 zirconia groups (10.87 ±0.54 to 11.88 ±0.26) had a significantly lower translucency than the other groups, and the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate group (18.14 ±0.74) showed the highest translucency. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (12.36 ±0.42) had the highest opalescence, and the lowest opalescence was found for polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (5.43 ±0.28) and the incisal third of zirconia (5.45 ±1.06). CONCLUSIONS The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate and presintered zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate specimens had the highest translucency and opalescence. The studied multilayer zirconia, which had different cubic phase values from incisal to gingival blank, showed similar translucency over the entire range, and differences among different regions were related to chromatic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadjavad Shirani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Omid Savabi
- Professor of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Mosharraf
- Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Akhavankhaleghi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hebibkhodaei
- Post Graduate student of Prosthodontics, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sabire Isler
- Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ismail EH. Color interaction between resin composite layers: An overview. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1105-1117. [PMID: 34255406 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin composite (RC) layering is increasingly popular in restorative dentistry. However, little is known regarding the color interaction between RC layers. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on color interaction between RC layers and its effect on the overall appearance of the double-layer restoration. OVERVIEW A literature review was conducted on theoretical and experimental in vitro studies that tested layered RC systems using different thicknesses. This article discusses specimen design, color measurement methods and devices, parameters defined as outcomes, and RC shades and systems used in the studies of double-layered RC that were reviewed here. Relevant clinical findings and gaps that still exist in the literature were also highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Various methods to test layered RC were found in the literature. Each study had a unique design and provided valuable information on color interaction between the enamel and dentin layers that could be applied to clinical use. For more predictable esthetic outcomes, manufacturers could provide tailored recommendations specific for their RC systems, stating the recommended thickness and shade for each layer used in the RC layering technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE With increased variability in RC shades and manufacturers, it is often difficult to predict the final overall color of restoration with multiple layers. Advancing research on RC layering will help clinicians deliver the best customized restorative treatment tailored to the needs and expectations of their patients. Future research along these lines can enhance the efficiency of chair time and will increase the satisfaction of both clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hani Ismail
- Restorative Division, Clinical Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Experimental Dental Composites Containing a Novel Methacrylate-Functionalized Calcium Phosphate Component: Evaluation of Bioactivity and Physical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132095. [PMID: 34202144 PMCID: PMC8271644 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel methacrylate-functionalized calcium phosphate (MCP) to be used as a bioactive compound for innovative dental composites. The characterization was accomplished by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The incorporation of MCP as a bioactive filler in esthetic dental composite formulations and the ability of MCP containing dental composites to promote the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the surfaces of those dental composites was explored. The translucency parameter, depth of cure, degree of conversion, ion release profile, and other physical properties of the composites were studied with respect to the amount of MCP added to the composites. Composite with 3 wt.% MCP showed the highest flexural strength and translucency compared to the control composite and composites with 6 wt.% and 20 wt.% MCP. The progress of the surface precipitation of hydroxyapatite on the MCP containing dental composites was studied by systematically increasing the MCP content in the composite and the time of specimen storage in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered solution with calcium and magnesium. The results suggested that good bioactivity properties are exhibited by MCP containing composites. A direct correlation between the percentage of MCP in a composite formulation, the amount of time the specimen was stored in PBS, and the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the composite's surface was observed.
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Liebermann A, Mandl A, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Impact of resin composite cement on color of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing ceramics. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:786-794. [PMID: 33949098 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the color of a resin composite cement (RCC) on the optical properties of different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (N = 220, thickness: 0.9 ± 0.03 mm) were fabricated from: leucite (Initial LRF Block/IPS Empress CAD), lithium disilicate (Amber Mill/IPS e.max CAD), lithium metasilicate (Celtra Duo), and lithium alumina silicate ceramic (n!ce) in translucency levels HT and LT. All specimens were bonded with an RCC (Light+/Warm+). Color was analyzed (spectrophotometer) initially as well as after bonding of RCC with CAD/CAM ceramics using CIELab and CIEDE2000. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA and t test served for analyzing (α = 0.05). RESULTS Highest impact on ΔE presented the choice of ceramic (ηp 2 = 0.155/p < 0.001), followed by translucency level (HT/LT; ηp 2 = 0.050/p = 0.001) as well as interaction between ceramic and translucency level (ηp 2 = 0.175/p < 0.001). ΔE00 was mainly influenced by the choice of ceramic (ηp 2 = 0.490/p < 0.001), the shade of resin composite (ηp 2 = 0.031/p = 0.012) as well as the interaction between ceramic and resin composite (ηp 2 = 0.258/p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RCC shades presented differential impacts on color change of CAD/CAM ceramics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Knowledge of the impact of available RCC shades on different CAD/CAM ceramics is crucial for an esthetic outcome and proper selection of ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Liebermann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alicia Mandl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Labban N, Al Amri M, Alhijji S, Alnafaiy S, Alfouzan A, Iskandar M, Feitosa S. Influence of toothbrush abrasion and surface treatments on the color and translucency of resin infiltrated hybrid ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2021; 13:1-11. [PMID: 33747390 PMCID: PMC7943756 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2021.13.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study compared the color change, lightness, and translucency of hybrid resin ceramics exposed to toothbrush abrasion and surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hybrid ceramics [Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (EN), Shofu HC (SH), and Crystal Ultra (CU)] were compared with a glass-ceramic (Vita Mark II) control. One hundred and twenty specimen blocks were prepared using a precision saw machine. Specimens in each material were divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatment (polishing or staining) and a storage medium (water or citric acid). Simulated tooth brushing with a mixture of 100 RDA (radioactive abrasives) with 0.3 ml distilled water was used for 3650 cycles (7300 strokes) for each specimen. Measurements for the color change, lightness, and translucency were measured after toothbrushing using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis compared outcomes using paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS The maximum color change was identified in SH (stained acid) [1.44 (0.40)], whereas the lowest was identified in EN (polished water) [0.66 (0.16)] material. The maximum and minimum loss of surface translucency was observed in SH (polished water) [12.3 (0.52)] and EN (stained acid) [6.5 (0.55)] specimens, respectively. Lastly, loss of lightness was the highest in VM (polished acid) [69 (0.95)], whereas the lowest was observed in CU (stained water) [56.7 (0.86)]. CONCLUSION The comparison presented a significant effect of toothbrush abrasion on translucency and lightness of the hybrid resin ceramics. Color change was not significantly influenced irrespective of the storage medium employed. Surface staining demonstrated the preservation and stability of color and optical properties under the influence of toothbrush abrasion and chemical trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al Amri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alhijji
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alnafaiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sabrina Feitosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive care, Division of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Kim JE, Choi WH, Lee D, Shin Y, Park SH, Roh BD, Kim D. Color and Translucency Stability of Three-Dimensional Printable Dental Materials for Crown and Bridge Restorations. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030650. [PMID: 33572545 PMCID: PMC7866796 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare color and translucency stability of three-dimensional (3D) printable dental materials for crown and bridge restorations. Five different materials were investigated, and twelve disc-shaped specimens of two different thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) were prepared using a digital light processing 3D printer. Color measurements were made according to the CIELAB color scale (L*, a*, and b*) using a spectrophotometer 1 h, 1 day, 1 week, one month, and six months after post-curing of the materials, and the translucency parameter (TP) was calculated. The L*, a*, b*, and TP values were compared among the different materials and storage periods using repeated measures analysis of variance. Color and translucency changes of the specimens after the different storage periods were compared with 1 h measurements to determine whether they exceeded clinically perceivable thresholds. The L*, a*, b*, and TP values showed significant differences according to the storage periods, as well as among the materials. Until one month, some materials demonstrated distinct color differences, while others showed small color differences below a clinically perceivable threshold. The translucency differences were not clinically perceivable for any specimen. After six months, all specimens demonstrated large color changes, whereas the changes in translucency were relatively small. In conclusion, the color of 3D printable dental materials changed with time, and the differences varied with the materials used. On the contrary, the changes in translucency were small. Overall, the materials became darker, more yellowish, and more opaque after six months of water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Won-Huy Choi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-H.C.); (D.L.); (Y.S.); (S.-H.P.); (B.-D.R.)
| | - Dasun Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-H.C.); (D.L.); (Y.S.); (S.-H.P.); (B.-D.R.)
| | - Yooseok Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-H.C.); (D.L.); (Y.S.); (S.-H.P.); (B.-D.R.)
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-H.C.); (D.L.); (Y.S.); (S.-H.P.); (B.-D.R.)
| | - Byoung-Duck Roh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-H.C.); (D.L.); (Y.S.); (S.-H.P.); (B.-D.R.)
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-H.C.); (D.L.); (Y.S.); (S.-H.P.); (B.-D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3150
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Bin Nooh AN, Al Nahedh H, AlRefeai M, AlKhudhairy F. The Effects of Irradiance on Translucency and Surface Gloss of Different Bulk-Fill Composite Resins: An in vitro Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:571-579. [PMID: 33324111 PMCID: PMC7733414 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s287421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The influence of different light-emitting diode (LED) curing light intensities on the translucency and surface gloss of bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) restorative materials was evaluated. Materials and Methods Forty specimens of each RBC (Filtek One bulk-fill posterior, Reveal HD bulk, Tetric N-Ceram, and Filtek Z350) were prepared. The RBCs were shaped into molds and cured using an LED curing light unit at high intensity (1,200 mW/cm2) for 20 s and low intensity (650 mW/cm2) for 40 s. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the translucency, and a gloss meter was used to evaluate surface gloss. Data were analyzed using one- and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, and Tukey's and Scheffe's post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results The highest translucency value was observed for Reveal HD (7.688 ± 0.861) with a high curing intensity, while Filtek One showed the lowest value (1.750 ± 0.376) with a low curing intensity. The materials showed no significant difference in surface gloss with a high curing intensity. With low-intensity light curing, Filtek One showed the highest gloss value (55.270 ± 10.106), while Tetric N-Ceram and Reveal HD showed the lowest gloss values (35.560 ± 6.533 and 35.680 ± 6.648, respectively). Conclusion Curing light intensity had no effect on both the gloss and translucency for all the materials tested, although for Tetric N-Ceram, higher intensity corresponded to higher gloss values while for Filtek One, higher intensity corresponded to a higher translucency value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar N Bin Nooh
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend Al Nahedh
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad AlRefeai
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlKhudhairy
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Uchimura JYT, Sato F, Santana RG, Menezes-Silva R, Bueno LS, Borges AFS, de Lima Navarro MF, Nicholson JW, Sidhu SK, Pascotto RC. Translucency parameter of conventional restorative glass-ionomer cements. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:935-942. [PMID: 33188585 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR) of different conventional restorative glass-ionomer cements (GICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen brands of GICs were evaluated. Five disks of each material were made following ISO 9917-1. The luminous reflectance and Central Bureau of the International Commission on Illumination parameters of disks were evaluated using a colorimeter, against backings of white and black, to obtain the translucent parameter and contrast ratio of different brands of glass-ionomer cements. The correlation between translucency parameter and contrast ratio was assessed with the Pearson correlation test. The translucent and contrast ratio parameters values were submitted to the one-way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS There was a strong inverse relationship between CR and TP (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.001). The contrast ratio decreased as translucency increased. There were significant differences in TP and CR among brands (p < 0.001). CONLUSIONS GICs exhibit different translucency and contrast ratio behavior. Some brands of GICs presented very low TP and this condition would be unacceptable for areas with esthetic demands. In addition, TP and CR showed a strong linear relationship. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results found in this study demonstrated that the knowledge of the translucency and CR of different conventional restorative GICs is important in order to guide clinicians in the selection of restorative GICs for anterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francielle Sato
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia S Bueno
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John W Nicholson
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Iravani M, Shamszadeh S, Panahandeh N, Sheikh-Al-Eslamian SM, Torabzadeh H. Shade reproduction and the ability of lithium disilicate ceramics to mask dark substrates. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e41. [PMID: 32839722 PMCID: PMC7431926 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the ability of lithium disilicate ceramics to reproduce the A2 shade and to mask A4 substrates. Materials and Methods Twenty-four discs (8 mm in diameter, shade A2) of high translucency (groups 1–3) and low translucency (groups 4–6) of IPS e.max ceramic with different thicknesses (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mm) were fabricated as monolithic structures. In addition, discs of medium opacity (group 7–8) with different core/veneer combinations (0.3 mm/0.7 mm and 0.5 mm/0.5 mm) were fabricated as bilayer structures. Specimens were superimposed on an A4 substrate (complex). The color changes of the complex were measured using a spectrophotometer on a black background, and the ΔE values of the complex were compared with either the A4 substrate or the A2 shade tab. One-way analysis of variance, the Tukey honest significant difference test, and the Fisher test were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). Results Significant between-group differences were found for comparisons to both the A4 substrate and the A2 shade (p < 0.05). When compared with the A4 substrate, the ΔE values in all groups were in the non-acceptable range. When compared with the A2 shade, the ΔE values in all groups, except groups 2 and 3, were in the clinically acceptable range. Conclusions All translucencies and thicknesses masked the underlying dark substrate. However, the low-translucency IPS e.max Press better reproduced the A2 shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Iravani
- Department of Restorative, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayna Shamszadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Panahandeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Torabzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bai XD, Yan YZ, Li Q. Spectrophotometric evaluation of color errors generated in the visual color duplication procedure for current ceramic veneers. J Dent Sci 2020; 16:145-153. [PMID: 33384791 PMCID: PMC7770292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Color errors associated with the visual color duplication approach for ceramic laminate veneers are still challenging in esthetic dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate color errors generated during traditional visual shade matching approach. Materials and methods Eighteen stooth-shaped veneer discs (shade A2 and 0.7 mm in thickness) were fabricated using six veneer materials. The veneer specimens placed on five extracted teeth with nominal shade A2 formed veneer-tooth combinations. Color coordinates of the A2 shade tab, the extracted teeth, and the veneer-tooth combinations were measured using a spectrophotometer. Then, the veneers were reduced to 0.5 mm, and 0.3 mm in thickness consecutively. Color measurements were performed repeatedly. Color differences of the extracted teeth to veneer-tooth combinations (ΔEt-v), veneer-tooth combinations to shade tab (ΔEv-s), and translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated and analyzed using Two-way ANOVA. Results ΔEt-v ranged from 2.0937 to 5.0603 (mean of 3.1833±1.5485). Mean of ΔEv-s was 4.0103±1.8508. ΔEt-v and ΔEv-s values were significantly influenced by veneer material and thickness (P<0.05). TP values decreased gradually with the lessening of veneers thickness. Conclusion Acceptable color duplication of ceramic veneers cannot be achieved by routine visual shade replica protocols, when the thickness of veneers is less than 0.7 mm. Specified color matching standards for the ceramic veneers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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46
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Ilie N, Furtos G. A Comparative Study of Light Transmission by Various Dental Restorative Materials and the Tooth Structure. Oper Dent 2020; 45:442-452. [PMID: 32053462 DOI: 10.2341/19-037-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Light transmission through dental materials and tooth structure has direct clinical implication on such factors as selecting an appropriate curing technique during a restorative process. SUMMARY
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Rutkūnas V, Dirsė J, Bilius V. Accuracy of an intraoral digital scanner in tooth color determination. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim JH, Ko KH, Huh YH, Park CJ, Cho LR. Effects of the Thickness Ratio of Zirconia-Lithium Disilicate Bilayered Ceramics on the Translucency and Flexural Strength. J Prosthodont 2019; 29:334-340. [PMID: 31876065 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of the total thickness and core/veneer thickness ratio of bilayered ceramics on their three-point flexural strength and translucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups of specimens were prepared with two different total thicknesses, 1.0 mm and 0.6 mm. These groups were divided into five and three subgroups with ten specimens each, respectively, having different core/veneer thickness ratios. Lithium disilicate was pressed on the zirconia surface using the "lost-wax technique." The translucency and three-point flexural strength were measured, and a one-way analysis of variance test (p < 0.05) was performed to determine whether the translucency and three-point flexural strength were affected by the total thickness and core/veneer thickness ratio of the specimens. RESULTS For the same total thickness, translucency decreased with a increase in the zirconia core proportion (p < 0.001). For the same core/veneer ratio, the translucency decreased with an increase in the total thickness (p < 0.001). If the zirconia thickness was less than half of the total thickness, the bilayered ceramic specimens containing zirconia cores and monolithic lithium disilicate specimens exhibited a similar translucency. The three-point flexural strength increased with the increasing proportion of zirconia; however, it did not change significantly with the total thickness. However, for the same total thickness, the flexural strengths of the bilayered ceramics were higher than those of the monolithic specimens. CONCLUSIONS At the same total thickness, increasing the zirconia core thickness decreased the translucency and increased the three-point flexural strength. Bilayered ceramic specimens with low zirconia ratios exhibited translucency similar to that of monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic but a higher flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoi Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Ko
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyuk Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jin Park
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Ra Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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49
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Tabatabaian F. Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:276-287. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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50
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Walczak K, Meißner H, Range U, Sakkas A, Boening K, Wieckiewicz M, Konstantinidis I. Translucency of Zirconia Ceramics before and after Artificial Aging. J Prosthodont 2018. [PMID: 29527778 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aging of zirconia ceramics (Y-TZP) is associated with tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation. This change in microstructure may affect the optical properties of the ceramic. This study examines the effect of aging on the translucency of different zirconia materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from four zirconia materials: Cercon ht white, BruxZir Solid Zirconia, Zenostar T0, Lava Plus (n = 30 per group). Accelerated aging was performed in a steam autoclave (134°C, 0.2 MPa, 5 hours). CIELab coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and luminous reflectance (Y) were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after aging. Contrast ratio (CR) and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated from the L*, a*, b*, and Y tristimulus values. The general linear model (Bonferroni adjusted) was used to compare both parameters before and after aging, as well as between the different zirconia materials (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS CR and TP differed significantly before and after aging in all groups tested. Before aging, Zenostar T showed the highest and Lava Plus showed the lowest translucency. After aging, Cercon ht and Zenostar T showed the highest and BruxZir and Lava Plus the lowest translucency. CONCLUSIONS Aging reduced the translucency in all specimens tested. Furthermore, translucency differed between the zirconia brands tested. Nevertheless, the differences were below the detectability threshold of the human eye. The aging process can influence the translucency and thus the esthetic outcome of zirconia restorations; however, the changes in translucency were minimal and probably undetectable by the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Meißner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ursula Range
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Sakkas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm and Academic Hospital University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Boening
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ioannis Konstantinidis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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