1
|
Yang X, Shi L, Li A, Gao F, Sun W, Li Z. Phase-contrast imaging with synchrotron hard X-ray reveals the effect of icariin on bone tissue morphology and microstructure in rabbits with early glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1155532. [PMID: 37215078 PMCID: PMC10192577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1155532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phase-contrast imaging (PCI) with synchrotron hard X-ray was used to observe the changes in bone tissue morphology and microstructure in rabbit models of early glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to evaluate the intervention effect of Icariin. Methods: Fifty mature New Zealand rabbits (weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into a control group (n = 10), a glucocorticoid group (n = 20), and an Icariin group (n = 20). The glucocorticoid group and the Icariin group were sequentially injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS) to establish a glucocorticoid-induced ONFH animal model. The Icariin group was given Icariin solution when methylprednisolone was injected for the first time, and the control group and glucocorticoid group were given the same amount of normal saline. Animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks, and bilateral femoral head specimens were taken for research. The right femoral head was observed by PCI with synchrotron hard X-ray technology, and the left femoral head was verified by Micro-CT scanning and HE staining. Results: Forty-three animals (nine in the control group, sixteen in the glucocorticoid group, and eighteen in the Icariin group) were included in the study. PCI with synchrotron hard X-ray revealed that the trabecular bone in the glucocorticoid group was thinned, broken, and structurally damaged, whereas the trabecular bone in the Icariin group had normal volume, thickness, and a relatively intact structure. Micro-CT scan reconstruction and HE staining were used to verify the reliability of this technique in identifying osteonecrosis. Conclusion: The effects of Icariin were observed in an early glucocorticoid-induced ONFH rabbit model using PCI with synchrotron hard X-ray. Icariin weakens the destructive effect of glucocorticoids on bone tissue structure, improves bone tissue morphology, and stabilizes bone microstructure. This technique may provide a definitive, non-invasive alternative to histological examination for the diagnosis of early ONFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University China-Japan Friendship Clinical Hospital, Beijing, China
- Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zirong Li
- Centre for Osteonecrosis and Joint-Preserving & Reconstruction, Orthopaedic Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caron R, Londono I, Seoud L, Villemure I. Segmentation of trabecular bone microdamage in Xray microCT images using a two-step deep learning method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105540. [PMID: 36327650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the current approaches to improve our understanding of osteoporosis is to study the development of bone microdamage under mechanical loading. The current practice for evaluating bone microdamage is to quantify damage volume from images of bone samples stained with a contrast agent, often composed of toxic heavy metals and requiring long tissue preparation. This work aims to evaluate the potential of linear microcracks detection and segmentation in trabecular bone samples using well-known deep learning models, namely YOLOv4 and Unet, applied on microCT images. METHODS Six trabecular bovine bone cylinders underwent compression until ultimate stress and were subsequently imaged with a microCT at a resolution of 1.95 μm. Two of these samples (samples 1 and 2) were then stained using barium sulfate (BaSO4) and imaged again. The unstained samples (samples 3-6) were used to train two neural networks YOLOv4 to detect regions with microdamage further combined with Unet to segment the microdamage at the pixel level in the detected regions. Four different model versions of YOLOv4 were compared using the average Intersection over Union (IoU) and the mean average precision (mAP). The performance of Unet was also measured using two segmentation metrics, the Dice Score and the Intersection over Union (IoU). A qualitative comparison was finally done between the deep learning and the contrast agent approaches. RESULTS Among the four versions of YOLOv4, the YOLOv4p5 model resulted in the best performance with an average IoU of 45,32% and 51,12% and a mAP of 28.79% and 46.22%, respectively for samples 1 and 2. The segmentation performance of Unet provided better IoU and DICE score on sample 2 compared to sample 1. The poorer performance of the test on sample 1 could be explained by its poorer contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Indeed, sample 1 resulted in a CNR of 7,96, which was worse than the average CNR in the training samples, while sample 2 resulted in a CNR of 10,08. The qualitative comparison between the contrast agent and the deep learning segmentation showed that two different regions were segmented by the two techniques. Deep learning is segmenting the region inside the cracks while the contrast agent segments the region around it or even regions with no visible damage. CONCLUSION The combination of YOLOv4 for microdamage detection with Unet for damage segmentation showed a potential for the detection and segmentation of microdamage in trabecular bone. The accuracy of both neural networks achieved in this work is acceptable considering it is their first application in this specific field and the amount of data was limited. Even if the errors from both neural networks are accumulated, the two-steps approach is faster than the semantic segmentation of the whole volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Caron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, CHU Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, CHU Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lama Seoud
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, CHU Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada; Institut de génie biomédical, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte Justine, CHU Sainte Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada; Institut de génie biomédical, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dall'Ara E, Bodey AJ, Isaksson H, Tozzi G. A practical guide for in situ mechanical testing of musculoskeletal tissues using synchrotron tomography. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105297. [PMID: 35691205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tissues are complex hierarchical materials where mechanical response is linked to structural and material properties at different dimensional levels. Therefore, high-resolution three-dimensional tomography is very useful for assessing tissue properties at different scales. In particular, Synchrotron Radiation micro-Computed Tomography (SR-microCT) has been used in several applications to analyze the structure of bone and biomaterials. In the past decade the development of digital volume correlation (DVC) algorithms applied to SR-microCT images and its combination with in situ mechanical testing (four-dimensional imaging) have allowed researchers to visualise, for the first time, the deformation of musculoskeletal tissues and their interaction with biomaterials under different loading scenarios. However, there are several experimental challenges that make these measurements difficult and at high risk of failure. Challenges relate to sample preparation, imaging parameters, loading setup, accumulated tissue damage for multiple tomographic acquisitions, reconstruction methods and data processing. Considering that access to SR-microCT facilities is usually associated with bidding processes and long waiting times, the failure of these experiments could notably slow down the advancement of this research area and reduce its impact. Many of the experimental failures can be avoided with increased experience in performing the tests and better guidelines for preparation and execution of these complex experiments; publication of negative results could help interested researchers to avoid recurring mistakes. Therefore, the goal of this article is to highlight the potential and pitfalls in the design and execution of in situ SR-microCT experiments, involving multiple scans, of musculoskeletal tissues for the assessment of their structural and/or mechanical properties. The advice and guidelines that follow should improve the success rate of this type of experiment, allowing the community to reach higher impact more efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dall'Ara
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK.
| | | | - H Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Tozzi
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Indore NS, Karunakaran C, Jayas DS. Synchrotron tomography applications in agriculture and food sciences research: a review. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:101. [PMID: 35964094 PMCID: PMC9375343 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron imaging is widely used for research in many scientific disciplines. This article introduces the characteristics of synchrotron X-ray imaging and its applications in agriculture and food science research. The agriculture and food sector are a vast area that comprises of plants, seeds, animals, food and their products; soils with thriving microbial communities; and natural resources such as water, fertilizers, and organic matter. These entities have unique internal features, structures and compositions which differentiate them from each other in varieties, species, grades, and types. The use of a bright and tuneable monochromatic source of synchrotron imaging techniques enables researchers to study the internal features and compositions of plants, seeds, soil and food in a quick and non-destructive way to enhance their use, conservation and productivity. Synchrotron's different X-ray imaging techniques offer a wide domain of applications, which make them perfect to enhance the understanding of structures of raw and processed food products to promote food safety and security. Therefore, this paper summarizes the results of major experiments carried out with seeds, plants, soil, food and relevant areas of agricultural sciences with more emphasis on two synchrotron X-ray imaging techniques: absorption and phase-contrast imaging and computed tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navnath S Indore
- Biosystem Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Biosystem Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Digvir S Jayas
- Biosystem Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Impact of Anti-Angiogenic Treatment on Bone Vascularization in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-CT. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143443. [PMID: 35884504 PMCID: PMC9321934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are frequent complications of breast cancer, facilitating the development of anarchic vascularization and induce bone destruction. Therefore, anti-angiogenic drugs (AAD) have been tested as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. However, the kinetics of skeletal vascularization in response to tumor invasion under AAD is still partially understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effect of AAD on experimental bone metastasis by analyzing the three-dimensional (3D) bone vasculature during metastatic formation and progression. Seventy-three eight-week-old female mice were treated with AAD (bevacizumab, vatalanib, or a combination of both drugs) or the vehicle (placebo) one day after injection with breast cancer cells. Mice were sacrificed eight or 22 days after tumor cell inoculation (time points T1 and T2, respectively). Synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT) was used to image bone and blood vessels with a contrast agent. Hence, 3D-bone and vascular networks were simultaneously visualized and quantitatively analyzed. At T1, the trabecular bone volume fraction was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the combined AAD-treatment group, compared to the placebo- and single AAD-treatment groups. At T2, only the bone vasculature was reduced in the combined AAD-treatment group (p < 0.05), as judged by measurement of the blood vessel thickness. Our data suggest that, at the early stage, combined AAD treatment dampens tumor-induced bone resorption with no detectable effects on bone vessel organization while, at a later stage, it affects the structure of bone microvascularization.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ganguly PS, Pelt DM, Gürsoy D, de Carlo F, Batenburg KJ. Improving reproducibility in synchrotron tomography using implementation-adapted filters. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1583-1597. [PMID: 34475305 PMCID: PMC8415339 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For reconstructing large tomographic datasets fast, filtered backprojection-type or Fourier-based algorithms are still the method of choice, as they have been for decades. These robust and computationally efficient algorithms have been integrated in a broad range of software packages. The continuous mathematical formulas used for image reconstruction in such algorithms are unambiguous. However, variations in discretization and interpolation result in quantitative differences between reconstructed images, and corresponding segmentations, obtained from different software. This hinders reproducibility of experimental results, making it difficult to ensure that results and conclusions from experiments can be reproduced at different facilities or using different software. In this paper, a way to reduce such differences by optimizing the filter used in analytical algorithms is proposed. These filters can be computed using a wrapper routine around a black-box implementation of a reconstruction algorithm, and lead to quantitatively similar reconstructions. Use cases for this approach are demonstrated by computing implementation-adapted filters for several open-source implementations and applying them to simulated phantoms and real-world data acquired at the synchrotron. Our contribution to a reproducible reconstruction step forms a building block towards a fully reproducible synchrotron tomography data processing pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Somanya Ganguly
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël M. Pelt
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Doga Gürsoy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne,IL, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - K. Joost Batenburg
- Computational Imaging, Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu H, Langer M, Peyrin F. Quantitative analysis of bone microvasculature in a mouse model using the monogenic signal phase asymmetry and marker-controlled watershed. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34030142 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thethree-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantitative analysis of bone microvasculature are important to describe angiogenesis involvement in bone metastatic processes. Here, we propose an algorithm based on marker-controlled watershed for the 3D segmentation of vessels and bone in mouse bone imaged with a contrast agent using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT). Markers were generated using hysteresis thresholding and morphological filters, and the control surface was constructed using the monogenic signal phase asymmetry. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method were evaluated on a series of synthetic volumes generated to mimic the vessel, bone and background structures. Different contrast between different structures, as well as different noise levels were considered. A series of multi-class synthetic volumes were segmented using the proposed method, and the overall segmentation quality was evaluated using the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) by comparing to the ground truth. Additionally, we evaluated the segmentation of thin structures under various levels of Gaussian noise. The simulation study indicated that the algorithm was performant in multi-class segmentation with different contrast, noise, and thickness. The algorithm was applied to images of bone from a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis acquired using SR-μCT. The segmentation quality was evaluated using the Dice coefficient and the MCC by comparing to manual segmentation. The proposed method performed better than hysteresis thresholding and marker-controlled watershed using the magnitude of the gradient as control surface. Several quantitative parameters on bone and vessels were extracted, including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), vessel volume fraction (VV/TV) and the mean vessel thickness (VTh). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was significantly lower in the metastatic group compared to the healthy group. This demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm for the study of bone and vessel microstructures in mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Creatis, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Max Langer
- Creatis, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- Creatis, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1206, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Review of the Applications of Biomedical Compositions Containing Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Modified by Bioactive Components. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092096. [PMID: 33919199 PMCID: PMC8122483 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is becoming a rapidly evolving technique in today’s biomedical progress scenario. Scientists around the world suggest the use of naturally synthesized biomaterials to repair and heal damaged cells. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has the potential to replace drugs in biomedical engineering and regenerative drugs. HAp is easily biodegradable, biocompatible, and correlated with macromolecules, which facilitates their incorporation into inorganic materials. This review article provides extensive knowledge on HAp and collagen-containing compositions modified with drugs, bioactive components, metals, and selected nanoparticles. Such compositions consisting of HAp and collagen modified with various additives are used in a variety of biomedical applications such as bone tissue engineering, vascular transplantation, cartilage, and other implantable biomedical devices.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodrigues PV, Tostes K, Bosque BP, de Godoy JVP, Amorim Neto DP, Dias CSB, Fonseca MDC. Illuminating the Brain With X-Rays: Contributions and Future Perspectives of High-Resolution Microtomography to Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:627994. [PMID: 33815039 PMCID: PMC8010130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.627994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of three-dimensional (3D) brain cytoarchitecture at a cellular resolution remains a great challenge in the field of neuroscience and constant development of imaging techniques has become crucial, particularly when it comes to offering direct and clear obtention of data from macro to nano scales. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron or optical microscopy, although valuable, still face some issues such as the lack of contrast and extensive sample preparation protocols. In this context, x-ray microtomography (μCT) has become a promising non-destructive tool for imaging a broad range of samples, from dense materials to soft biological specimens. It is a new supplemental method to be explored for deciphering the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the brain. This review aims to bring together published works using x-ray μCT in neurobiology in order to discuss the achievements made so far and the future of this technique for neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulla Vieira Rodrigues
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pelegrini Bosque
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Pereira de Godoy
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dionisio Pedro Amorim Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sato Baraldi Dias
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quantitative and qualitative bone imaging: A review of synchrotron radiation microtomography analysis in bone research. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
11
|
Cai X, Brenner R, Peralta L, Olivier C, Gouttenoire PJ, Chappard C, Peyrin F, Cassereau D, Laugier P, Grimal Q. Homogenization of cortical bone reveals that the organization and shape of pores marginally affect elasticity. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180911. [PMID: 30958180 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With ageing and various diseases, the vascular pore volume fraction (porosity) in cortical bone increases, and the morphology of the pore network is altered. Cortical bone elasticity is known to decrease with increasing porosity, but the effect of the microstructure is largely unknown, while it has been thoroughly studied for trabecular bone. Also, popular micromechanical models have disregarded several micro-architectural features, idealizing pores as cylinders aligned with the axis of the diaphysis. The aim of this paper is to quantify the relative effects on cortical bone anisotropic elasticity of porosity and other descriptors of the pore network micro-architecture associated with pore number, size and shape. The five stiffness constants of bone assumed to be a transversely isotropic material were measured with resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in 55 specimens from the femoral diaphysis of 29 donors. The pore network, imaged with synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography, was used to derive the pore descriptors and to build a homogenization model using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The model was calibrated using experimental elasticity. A detailed analysis of the computed effective elasticity revealed in particular that porosity explains most of the variations of the five stiffness constants and that the effects of other micro-architectural features are small compared to usual experimental errors. We also have evidence that modelling the pore network as an ensemble of cylinders yields biased elasticity values compared to predictions based on the real micro-architecture. The FFT homogenization method is shown to be particularly efficient to model cortical bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Cai
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Renald Brenner
- 2 Institut Jean le Rond ∂'Alembert, Sorbonne Université , CNRS UMR 7190, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Laura Peralta
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Cécile Olivier
- 3 CREATIS, Université de Lyon , INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR 5220 , INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne , France.,4 ESRF , 38043 Grenoble , France
| | | | | | - Françoise Peyrin
- 3 CREATIS, Université de Lyon , INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR 5220 , INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne , France.,4 ESRF , 38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Didier Cassereau
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| | - Quentin Grimal
- 1 Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université , INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dias CSB, Neto DPA, Baraldi GL, Fonseca MDC. Comparative analysis of sample preparation protocols of soft biological tissues for morphometric studies using synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:2013-2023. [PMID: 31721746 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519011299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The spread of microtomography as a tool for visualization of soft tissues has had a significant impact on a better understanding of complex biological systems. This technique allows a detailed three-dimensional quantitative view of the specimen to be obtained, correlating its morphological organization with its function, providing valuable insights on the functionality of the tissue. Regularly overlooked, but of great importance, proper sample mounting and preparation are fundamental for achieving the highest possible image quality even for the high-resolution imaging systems currently under development. Here, a quantitative analysis compares some of the most common sample-mounting strategies used for synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography of soft tissues: alcoholic-immersion, paraffin-embedding and critical-point drying. These three distinct sample-mounting strategies were performed on the same specimen in order to investigate their impact on sample morphology regardless of individual sample variation. In that sense, the alcoholic-immersion strategy, although causing less shrinkage to the tissue, proved to be the most unsuitable approach for a high-throughput high-resolution imaging experiment due to sample drifting. Also, critical-point drying may present some interesting advantages regarding image quality but is also incompatible with a high-throughput experiment. Lastly, paraffin-embedding is shown to be the most suitable strategy for current soft tissue microtomography experiments. Such detailed analysis of biological sample-mounting strategies for synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography are expected to offer valuable insights on the best approach for using this technique for 3D imaging of soft tissues and following morphometric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sato Baraldi Dias
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dionísio Pedro Amorim Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Lenzi Baraldi
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai X, Follet H, Peralta L, Gardegaront M, Farlay D, Gauthier R, Yu B, Gineyts E, Olivier C, Langer M, Gourrier A, Mitton D, Peyrin F, Grimal Q, Laugier P. Anisotropic elastic properties of human femoral cortical bone and relationships with composition and microstructure in elderly. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:254-266. [PMID: 30922952 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The strong dependence between cortical bone elasticity at the millimetre-scale (mesoscale) and cortical porosity has been evidenced by previous studies. However, bone is an anisotropic composite material made by mineral, proteins and water assembled in a hierarchical structure. Whether the variations of structural and compositional properties of bone affect the different elastic coefficients at the mesoscale is not clear. Aiming to understand the relationships between bone elastic properties and compositions and microstructure, we applied state-of-the-art experimental modalities to assess these aspects of bone characteristics. All elastic coefficients (stiffness tensor of the transverse isotropic bone material), structure of the vascular pore network, collagen and mineral properties were measured in 52 specimens from the femoral diaphysis of 26 elderly donors. Statistical analyses and micromechanical modeling showed that vascular pore volume fraction and the degree of mineralization of bone are the most important determinants of cortical bone anisotropic mesoscopic elasticity. Though significant correlations were observed between collagen properties and elasticity, their effects in bone mesoscopic elasticity were minor in our data. This work also provides a unique set of data exhibiting a range of variations of compositional and microstructural cortical bone properties in the elderly and gives strong experimental evidence and basis for further development of biomechanical models for human cortical bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study reports the relationships between microstructure, composition and the mesoscale anisotropic elastic properties of human femoral cortical bone in elderly. For the first time, we provide data covering the complete anisotropic elastic tensor, the microstructure of cortical vascular porosity, mineral and collagen characteristics obtained from the same or adjacent samples in each donor. The results revealed that cortical vascular porosity and degree of mineralization of bone are the most important determinants of bone anisotropic stiffness at the mesoscale. The presented data gives strong experimental evidence and basis for further development of biomechanical models for human cortical bone.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mastrogiacomo M, Campi G, Cancedda R, Cedola A. Synchrotron radiation techniques boost the research in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:33-46. [PMID: 30880235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Micro-tomography and Micro-diffraction, were exploited to investigate the structure of bone deposited in vivo within a porous ceramic scaffold. Bone formation was studied by implanting Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) seeded ceramic scaffolds in a mouse model. Osteoblasts derived from the seeded MSC and from differentiation of cells migrated within the scaffold together with the blood vessels, deposited within the scaffold pores an organic collagenous matrix on which a precursor mineral amorphous liquid-phase, containing Ca++ and PO4-- crystallized filling the gaps between the collagen molecules. Histology offered a valid instrument to investigate the engineered tissue structure, but, unfortunately, limited itself to a macroscopic analysis. The evolution of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques and the combination of micro X-ray diffraction with X-ray phase-contrast imaging enabled to study the dynamic of the structural and morphological changes occurring during the new bone deposition, biomineralization and vascularization. In fact, the unique features of Synchrotron radiation, is providing the high spatial resolution probe which is necessary for the study of complex materials presenting heterogeneity from micron-scale to meso- and nano-scale. Indeed, this is the occurrence in the heterogeneous and hierarchical bone tissue where an organic matter, such as the collagenous matrix, interacts with mineral nano-crystals to generate a hybrid multiscale biomaterial with unique physical properties. In this framework, the use of advanced synchrotron radiation techniques allowed to understand and to clarify fundamental aspects of the bone formation process within the bioceramic, i.e. biomineralization and vascularization, including to obtain deeper knowledge on bone deposition, mineralization and reabsorption in different health, aging and pathological conditions. In this review we present an overview of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation techniques and we provide a general outlook of their applications on bone Tissue Engineering, with a focus on our group work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Synchrotron Radiation techniques for Tissue Engineering In this review we report recent applications of X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Microtomography and Microdiffraction, to investigations on the structure of ceramic scaffolds and bone tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering has made significant advances in bone regeneration by proposing the use of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with various types of scaffolds. The efficacy of the biomaterials used to date is not considered optimal in terms of resorbability and bone formation, resulting in a poor vascularization at the implant site. The review largely based on our publications in the last ten years could help the study of the regenerative model proposed. We also believe that the new imaging technologies we describe could be a starting point for the development of additional new techniques with the final aim of transferring them to the clinical practice.
Collapse
|
15
|
Landry G, Dörringer F, Si‐Mohamed S, Douek P, Abascal JFPJ, Peyrin F, Almeida IP, Verhaegen F, Rinaldi I, Parodi K, Rit S. Technical Note: Relative proton stopping power estimation from virtual monoenergetic images reconstructed from dual‐layer computed tomography. Med Phys 2019; 46:1821-1828. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Landry
- Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Physics Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Fabian Dörringer
- Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Physics Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Salim Si‐Mohamed
- Radiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon France
- Univ Lyon INSA‐Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UJM‐Saint‐Étienne CNRS Inserm CREATIS UMR 5220 U1206 F‐69373 Lyon France
| | - Philippe Douek
- Radiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon France
- Univ Lyon INSA‐Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UJM‐Saint‐Étienne CNRS Inserm CREATIS UMR 5220 U1206 F‐69373 Lyon France
| | - Juan F. P. J. Abascal
- Univ Lyon INSA‐Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UJM‐Saint‐Étienne CNRS Inserm CREATIS UMR 5220 U1206 F‐69373 Lyon France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- Univ Lyon INSA‐Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UJM‐Saint‐Étienne CNRS Inserm CREATIS UMR 5220 U1206 F‐69373 Lyon France
- ESRF The European Synchrotron Grenoble France
| | - Isabel P. Almeida
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Frank Verhaegen
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO) GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Rinaldi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- CNRS/IN2P3 and Lyon 1 University UMR 5822 Villeurbanne France
- MAASTRO Clinic Dr. Tanslaan 12 6229 ET Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics Faculty of Physics Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Simon Rit
- Univ Lyon INSA‐Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UJM‐Saint‐Étienne CNRS Inserm CREATIS UMR 5220 U1206 F‐69373 Lyon France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fonseca MDC, Araujo BHS, Dias CSB, Archilha NL, Neto DPA, Cavalheiro E, Westfahl H, da Silva AJR, Franchini KG. High-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography as a tool to unveil the three-dimensional neuronal architecture of the brain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12074. [PMID: 30104676 PMCID: PMC6089932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of neuronal number, spatial organization and connectivity is fundamental for a complete understanding of brain function. However, the evaluation of the three-dimensional (3D) brain cytoarchitecture at cellular resolution persists as a great challenge in the field of neuroscience. In this context, X-ray microtomography has shown to be a valuable non-destructive tool for imaging a broad range of samples, from dense materials to soft biological specimens, arisen as a new method for deciphering the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the brain. In this work we present a method for imaging whole neurons in the brain, combining synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography with the Golgi-Cox mercury-based impregnation protocol. In contrast to optical 3D techniques, the approach shown here does neither require tissue slicing or clearing, and allows the investigation of several cells within a 3D region of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sato Baraldi Dias
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathaly Lopes Archilha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dionísio Pedro Amorim Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), Zip Code 04021-001, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harry Westfahl
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Roque da Silva
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kleber Gomes Franchini
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
3D micro structural analysis of human cortical bone in paired femoral diaphysis, femoral neck and radial diaphysis. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:182-190. [PMID: 30107234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human bone is known to adapt to its mechanical environment in a living body. Both its architecture and microstructure may differ between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones. The aim of the current study was to analyze in three dimensions, the morphology of the multi-scale porosities on human cortical bone at different locations. Eight paired femoral diaphyses, femoral necks, and radial diaphyses were imaged using Synchrotron Radiation µCT with a 0.7 µm isotropic voxel size. The spatial resolution facilitates the investigation of the multiscale porosities of cortical bone, from the osteonal canals system down to the osteocyte lacunar system. Our results showed significant differences in the microstructural properties, regarding both osteonal canals and osteocytes lacunae, between the different anatomical locations. The radius presents significantly lower osteonal canal volume fraction and smaller osteonal canals than the femoral diaphysis or neck. Osteocytes lacunae observed in the radius are significantly different in shape than in the femur, and lacunar density is higher in the femoral neck. These results show that the radius, a non-weight-bearing bone, is significantly different in terms of its microstructure from a weight-bearing bone such as the femur. This implies that the cortical bone properties evaluated on the femoral diaphysis, the main location studied within the literature, cannot be generalized to other anatomical locations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Structural Myocardial Alterations by Grating-Based Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography. Invest Radiol 2018; 53:26-34. [PMID: 28846552 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography (gb-PCCT) relies on x-ray refraction instead of absorption to generate high-contrast images in biological soft tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of gb-PCCT for the depiction of structural changes in heart disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four human heart specimens from patients with hypertensive disease, ischemic disease, dilated heart disease, and cardiac lipomatosis were examined. The gb-PCCT setup consisted of an x-ray tube (40 kV, 70 mA), grating-interferometer, and detector, and allowed simultaneous acquisition of phase- and absorption-contrast data. With histopathology as the standard of reference, myocardium (MC), fibrotic scar (FS), interstitial fibrosis (IF), and fatty tissue (FT) were visually and quantitatively evaluated. Systematic differences in absorption- and phase-contrast Hounsfield units (HUabs and HUp) were assessed. RESULTS Thirteen corresponding cross-sections were included, and MC, FS, IF, and FT were found in 13 (100%), 4 (30.8%), 7 (53.8%), and 13 (100%) cross-sections, respectively. Mean HUp/HUabs were 52.5/54.1, 86.6/69.7, 62.4/62.3, and -38.6/-258.9 for MC, FS, IF, and FT, respectively. An overlap in HUabs was observed for MC and IF (P = 0.84) but not for HUp (P < 0.01). Contrast-to-noise ratios were significantly higher in phase- than in absorption-contrast for MC/FT (35.4 vs 7.8; P < 0.01) and for MC/FS (12.3 vs 0.2; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Given its superior soft tissue contrast, gb-PCCT is able to depict structural changes in different cardiomyopathies, which can currently not be obtained by x-ray absorption-based imaging methods. If current technical limitations can be overcome, gb-PCCT may evolve as a powerful tool for the anatomical assessment of cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Meola A, Rao J, Chaudhary N, Sharma M, Chang SD. Gold Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Imaging: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2018; 9:328. [PMID: 29867737 PMCID: PMC5960696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Demarcation of malignant brain tumor boundaries is critical to achieve complete resection and to improve patient survival. Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for diagnosis and pre-surgical planning, despite limitations of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents to depict tumor margins. Recently, solid metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have shown potential as diagnostic probes for brain tumors. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged among those, because of their unique physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility. The aim of the present study is to review the application of GNPs for in vitro and in vivo brain tumor diagnosis. Methods We performed a PubMed search of reports exploring the application of GNPs in the diagnosis of brain tumors in biological models including cells, animals, primates, and humans. The search words were "gold" AND "NP" AND "brain tumor." Two reviewers performed eligibility assessment independently in an unblinded standardized manner. The following data were extracted from each paper: first author, year of publication, animal/cellular model, GNP geometry, GNP size, GNP coating [i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Gd], blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing aids, imaging modalities, and therapeutic agents conjugated to the GNPs. Results The PubMed search provided 100 items. A total of 16 studies, published between the 2011 and 2017, were included in our review. No studies on humans were found. Thirteen studies were conducted in vivo on rodent models. The most common shape was a nanosphere (12 studies). The size of GNPs ranged between 20 and 120 nm. In eight studies, the GNPs were covered in PEG. The BBB penetration was increased by surface molecules (nine studies) or by means of external energy sources (in two studies). The most commonly used imaging modalities were MRI (four studies), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (three studies), and fluorescent microscopy (three studies). In two studies, the GNPs were conjugated with therapeutic agents. Conclusion Experimental studies demonstrated that GNPs might be versatile, persistent, and safe contrast agents for multimodality imaging, thus enhancing the tumor edges pre-, intra-, and post-operatively improving microscopic precision. The diagnostic GNPs might also be used for multiple therapeutic approaches, namely as "theranostic" NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Meola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Navjot Chaudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mayur Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu B, Weber L, Pacureanu A, Langer M, Olivier C, Cloetens P, Peyrin F. Evaluation of phase retrieval approaches in magnified X-ray phase nano computerized tomography applied to bone tissue. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:11110-11124. [PMID: 29716036 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast imaging offers higher sensitivity compared to conventional X-ray attenuation imaging and can be simply implemented by propagation when using a partially coherent synchrotron beam. We address the phase retrieval in in-line phase nano-CT using multiple propagation distances. We derive a method which extends Paganin's single distance method and compare it to the contrast transfer function (CTF) approach in the case of a homogeneous object. The methods are applied to phase nano-CT data acquired at the voxel size of 30 nm (ID16A, ESRF, Grenoble, France). Our results show a gain in image quality in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution when using four distances instead of one. The extended Paganin's method followed by an iterative refinement step provides the best reconstructions while the homogeneous CTF method delivers quasi comparable results for our data, even without refinement step.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai X, Peralta L, Gouttenoire PJ, Olivier C, Peyrin F, Laugier P, Grimal Q. Quantification of stiffness measurement errors in resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of human cortical bone. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:2755. [PMID: 29195417 DOI: 10.1121/1.5009453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is the state-of-the-art method used to investigate the elastic properties of anisotropic solids. Recently, RUS was applied to measure human cortical bone, an anisotropic material with low Q-factor (20), which is challenging due to the difficulty in retrieving resonant frequencies. Determining the precision of the estimated stiffness constants is not straightforward because RUS is an indirect method involving minimizing the distance between measured and calculated resonant frequencies using a model. This work was motivated by the need to quantify the errors on stiffness constants due to different error sources in RUS, including uncertainties on the resonant frequencies and specimen dimensions and imperfect rectangular parallelepiped (RP) specimen geometry. The errors were first investigated using Monte Carlo simulations with typical uncertainty values of experimentally measured resonant frequencies and dimensions assuming a perfect RP geometry. Second, the exact specimen geometry of a set of bone specimens were recorded by synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography. Then, a "virtual" RUS experiment is proposed to quantify the errors induced by imperfect geometry. Results show that for a bone specimen of ∼1° perpendicularity and parallelism errors, an accuracy of a few percent ( <6.2%) for all the stiffness constants and engineering moduli is achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Cai
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Laura Peralta
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | | | - Cécile Olivier
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, Villeurbanne, 69621, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, Villeurbanne, 69621, France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Quentin Grimal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris, 75006, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cai X, Peralta L, Giron A, Helfen L, Olivier C, Peyrin F, Laugier P, Grimal Q. Cortical bone elasticity measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy is not altered by defatting and synchrotron X-ray imaging. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 72:241-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
23
|
Wu Y, Zhou L, Bergot C, Peyrin F, Bousson V. Cortical Bone Mineralization in the Human Femoral Neck in Cases and Controls from Synchrotron Radiation Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:51-7. [PMID: 25663507 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To compare the degree and distribution of mineralization in femoral neck cortex from 23 women with hip fractures (age 65-96 years) and 17 female controls (age 72-103 years), we obtained 3D data by synchrotron radiation microtomography (SRμCT). Variables were degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) in total cortex (cDMBSRMEAN), osteons (oDMBSRMEAN), and pure interstitial tissue (intDMBSRMEAN). The cortex on SRμCT images was divided into nine to twelve 50-μm zones from the periosteum to the endosteum; cDMBSRMEAN, oDMBSRMEAN, and intDMBSRMEAN were measured in each zone. We used descriptive statistics and t tests, general linear model analyses to compare DMBSR values across zones and individuals, one-way analysis of variance for within-group comparisons of zones. In patients, the variance of mineral content value was not different than in controls, but mean values of degree of mineralization varied across zones. These cross-sectional data suggest that bone fragility may be related to a greater heterogeneity of the distribution of mineralization in femoral neck cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jian She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Laboratoire de Radiologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint Louis, Université Paris VII, CNRS UMR 7052, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Liangqiang Zhou
- Laboratoire de Radiologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint Louis, Université Paris VII, CNRS UMR 7052, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Engineering, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Catherine Bergot
- Laboratoire de Radiologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint Louis, Université Paris VII, CNRS UMR 7052, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Bousson
- Laboratoire de Radiologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière-Saint Louis, Université Paris VII, CNRS UMR 7052, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Advances in cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) have resulted in an excellent ability to exclude coronary heart disease (CHD). Anatomical information, functional information, and spectral information can already be obtained with current CT technologies. Moreover, novel developments such as targeted nanoparticle contrast agents, photon-counting CT, and phase contrast CT will further enhance the diagnostic value of cardiovascular CT. This review provides an overview of current state of the art and future cardiovascular CT imaging.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Merolle L, Altissimo M, Bianco A. Current status of the TwinMic beamline at Elettra: a soft X-ray transmission and emission microscopy station. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:1526-1537. [PMID: 27787260 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516014405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current status of the TwinMic beamline at Elettra synchrotron light source, that hosts the European twin X-ray microscopy station, is reported. The X-ray source, provided by a short hybrid undulator with source size and divergence intermediate between bending magnets and conventional undulators, is energy-tailored using a collimated plane-grating monochromator. The TwinMic spectromicroscopy experimental station combines scanning and full-field imaging in a single instrument, with contrast modes such as absorption, differential phase, interference and darkfield. The implementation of coherent diffractive imaging modalities and ptychography is ongoing. Typically, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy images are simultaneously collected in transmission and differential phase contrast and can be complemented by chemical and elemental analysis using across-absorption-edge imaging, X-ray absorption near-edge structure or low-energy X-ray fluorescence. The lateral resolutions depend on the particular imaging and contrast mode chosen. The TwinMic range of applications covers diverse research fields such as biology, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, environment, geochemistry, food, agriculture and materials science. They will be illustrated in the paper with representative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Matteo Altissimo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Anna Bianco
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, Km in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hormozan Y, Sychugov I, Linnros J. High-resolution x-ray imaging using a structured scintillator. Med Phys 2016; 43:696-701. [PMID: 26843233 DOI: 10.1118/1.4939258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the authors introduce a new generation of finely structured scintillators with a very high spatial resolution (a few micrometers) compared to conventional scintillators, yet maintaining a thick absorbing layer for improved detectivity. METHODS Their concept is based on a 2D array of high aspect ratio pores which are fabricated by ICP etching, with spacings (pitches) of a few micrometers, on silicon and oxidation of the pore walls. The pores were subsequently filled by melting of powdered CsI(Tl), as the scintillating agent. In order to couple the secondary emitted photons of the back of the scintillator array to a CCD device, having a larger pixel size than the pore pitch, an open optical microscope with adjustable magnification was designed and implemented. By imaging a sharp edge, the authors were able to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF) of this finely structured scintillator. RESULTS The x-ray images of individually resolved pores suggest that they have been almost uniformly filled, and the MTF measurements show the feasibility of a few microns spatial resolution imaging, as set by the scintillator pore size. Compared to existing techniques utilizing CsI needles as a structured scintillator, their results imply an almost sevenfold improvement in resolution. Finally, high resolution images, taken by their detector, are presented. CONCLUSIONS The presented work successfully shows the functionality of their detector concept for high resolution imaging and further fabrication developments are most likely to result in higher quantum efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Hormozan
- Materials and Nano Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Kista, Stockholm SE-16440, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Materials and Nano Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Kista, Stockholm SE-16440, Sweden
| | - Jan Linnros
- Materials and Nano Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Kista, Stockholm SE-16440, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
We review the current X-ray techniques with 3D imaging capability at the nano-scale: transmission X-ray microscopy, ptychography and in-line phase nano-tomography. We further review the different ultra-structural features that have so far been resolved: the lacuno-canalicular network, collagen orientation, nano-scale mineralization and their use as basis for mechanical simulations. X-ray computed tomography at the micro-metric scale is increasingly considered as the reference technique in imaging of bone micro-structure. The trend has been to push towards increasingly higher resolution. Due to the difficulty of realizing optics in the hard X-ray regime, the magnification has mainly been due to the use of visible light optics and indirect detection of the X-rays, which limits the attainable resolution with respect to the wavelength of the visible light used in detection. Recent developments in X-ray optics and instrumentation have allowed to implement several types of methods that achieve imaging that is limited in resolution by the X-ray wavelength, thus enabling computed tomography at the nano-scale. We review here the X-ray techniques with 3D imaging capability at the nano-scale: transmission X-ray microscopy, ptychography and in-line phase nano-tomography. Further, we review the different ultra-structural features that have so far been resolved and the applications that have been reported: imaging of the lacuno-canalicular network, direct analysis of collagen orientation, analysis of mineralization on the nano-scale and use of 3D images at the nano-scale to drive mechanical simulations. Finally, we discuss the issue of going beyond qualitative description to quantification of ultra-structural features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Langer
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1044; INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
| | - F Peyrin
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1044; INSA-Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cole JM, Wood JC, Lopes NC, Poder K, Abel RL, Alatabi S, Bryant JSJ, Jin A, Kneip S, Mecseki K, Symes DR, Mangles SPD, Najmudin Z. Laser-wakefield accelerators as hard x-ray sources for 3D medical imaging of human bone. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13244. [PMID: 26283308 PMCID: PMC5289072 DOI: 10.1038/srep13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A bright μm-sized source of hard synchrotron x-rays (critical energy Ecrit > 30 keV) based on the betatron oscillations of laser wakefield accelerated electrons has been developed. The potential of this source for medical imaging was demonstrated by performing micro-computed tomography of a human femoral trabecular bone sample, allowing full 3D reconstruction to a resolution below 50 μm. The use of a 1 cm long wakefield accelerator means that the length of the beamline (excluding the laser) is dominated by the x-ray imaging distances rather than the electron acceleration distances. The source possesses high peak brightness, which allows each image to be recorded with a single exposure and reduces the time required for a full tomographic scan. These properties make this an interesting laboratory source for many tomographic imaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Cole
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - J C Wood
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - N C Lopes
- 1] The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK [2] GoLP, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - K Poder
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - R L Abel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, MSk Laboratory, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - S Alatabi
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - J S J Bryant
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - A Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City and Guilds Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S Kneip
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - K Mecseki
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu J, Cao Y, Wu T, Li D, Lu H. High-resolution three-dimensional visualization of the rat spinal cord microvasculature by synchrotron radiation micro-CT. Med Phys 2015; 41:101904. [PMID: 25281956 DOI: 10.1118/1.4894704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the spinal cord microvasculature has been limited by the lack of an effective high-resolution imaging technique. In this study, synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SRµCT), a novel imaging technique based on absorption imaging, was evaluated with regard to the detection of the 3D morphology of the rat spinal cord microvasculature. METHODS Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this ex vivo study. After contrast agent perfusion, their spinal cords were isolated and scanned using conventional x-rays, conventional micro-CT (CµCT), and SRµCT. RESULTS Based on contrast agent perfusion, the microvasculature of the rat spinal cord was clearly visualized for the first time ex vivo in 3D by means of SRµCT scanning. Compared to conventional imaging techniques, SRµCT achieved higher resolution 3D vascular imaging, with the smallest vessel that could be distinguished approximately 7.4 μm in diameter. Additionally, a 3D pseudocolored image of the spinal cord microvasculature was generated in a single session of SRµCT imaging, which was conducive to detailed observation of the vessel morphology. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that SRµCT scanning could provide higher resolution images of the vascular network of the spinal cord. This modality also has the potential to serve as a powerful imaging tool for the investigation of morphology changes in the 3D angioarchitecture of the neurovasculature in preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dongzhe Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lu H, Zheng C, Wang Z, Chen C, Chen H, Hu J. Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on new trabecular bone during bone-tendon junction healing in a rabbit model: a synchrotron radiation micro-CT study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124724. [PMID: 25874957 PMCID: PMC4398446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone regeneration during the bone-tendon junction healing process and to explore the application of synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography in three dimensional visualization of the bone-tendon junction to evaluate the microarchitecture of new trabecular bone. Twenty four mature New Zealand rabbits underwent partial patellectomy to establish a bone-tendon junction injury model at the patella-patellar tendon complex. Animals were then divided into low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment (20 min/day, 7 times/week) and placebo control groups, and were euthanized at week 8 and 16 postoperatively (n = 6 for each group and time point). The patella-patellar tendon specimens were harvested for radiographic, histological and synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography detection. The area of the newly formed bone in the ultrasound group was significantly greater than that of control group at postoperative week 8 and 16. The high resolution three dimensional visualization images of the bone-tendon junction were acquired by synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment promoted dense and irregular woven bone formation at week 8 with greater bone volume fraction, number and thickness of new trabecular bone but with lower separation. At week 16, ultrasound group specimens contained mature lamellar bone with higher bone volume fraction and thicker trabeculae than that of control group; however, there was no significant difference in separation and number of the new trabecular bone. This study confirms that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment is able to promote bone formation and remodeling of new trabecular bone during the bone-tendon junction healing process in a rabbit model, and the synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography could be applied for three dimensional visualization to quantitatively evaluate the microarchitecture of new bone in bone-tendon junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huabin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rousseau D, Widiez T, Di Tommaso S, Rositi H, Adrien J, Maire E, Langer M, Olivier C, Peyrin F, Rogowsky P. Fast virtual histology using X-ray in-line phase tomography: application to the 3D anatomy of maize developing seeds. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:55. [PMID: 26688690 PMCID: PMC4684619 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing demand, imaging the internal structure of plant organs or tissues without the use of transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins remains a challenge. Techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, optical projection tomography or X-ray absorption tomography have been used with various success, depending on the size and physical properties of the biological material. RESULTS X-ray in-line phase tomography was applied for the imaging of internal structures of maize seeds at early stages of development, when the cells are metabolically fully active and water is the main cell content. This 3D imaging technique with histology-like spatial resolution is demonstrated to reveal the anatomy of seed compartments with unequalled contrast by comparison with X-ray absorption tomography. An associated image processing pipeline allowed to quantitatively segment in 3D the four compartments of the seed (embryo, endosperm, nucellus and pericarp) from 7 to 21 days after pollination. CONCLUSION This work constitutes an innovative quantitative use of X-ray in-line phase tomography as a non-destructive fast method to perform virtual histology and extends the developmental stages accessible by this technique which had previously been applied in seed biology to more mature samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rousseau
- />Laboratoire CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5220, INSERM, U1044, Université Lyon 1 INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thomas Widiez
- />Unite Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, INRA, UMR 879, CNRS, UMR 5667, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure UMR20, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvaine Di Tommaso
- />Laboratoire CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5220, INSERM, U1044, Université Lyon 1 INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hugo Rositi
- />Laboratoire CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5220, INSERM, U1044, Université Lyon 1 INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jerome Adrien
- />MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Maire
- />MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, 69621 Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- />Laboratoire CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5220, INSERM, U1044, Université Lyon 1 INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Olivier
- />Laboratoire CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5220, INSERM, U1044, Université Lyon 1 INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- />Laboratoire CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5220, INSERM, U1044, Université Lyon 1 INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Peter Rogowsky
- />Unite Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, INRA, UMR 879, CNRS, UMR 5667, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure UMR20, 69364 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)-a version of X-ray CT operating at high spatial resolution-has had a considerable success for the investigation of trabecular bone micro-architecture. Currently, there is a lot of interest in exploiting CT techniques at even higher spatial resolutions to assess bone tissue at the cellular scale. After recalling the basic principles of micro-CT, we review the different existing system, based on either standard X-ray tubes or synchrotron sources. Then, we present recent applications of micro- and nano-CT for the analysis of osteocyte lacunae and the lacunar-canalicular network. We also address the question of the quantification of bone ultrastructure to go beyond the sole visualization.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zuluaga MA, Orkisz M, Dong P, Pacureanu A, Gouttenoire PJ, Peyrin F. Bone canalicular network segmentation in 3D nano-CT images through geodesic voting and image tessellation. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2155-71. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/9/2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
Hetterich H, Willner M, Fill S, Herzen J, Bamberg F, Hipp A, Schüller U, Adam-Neumair S, Wirth S, Reiser M, Pfeiffer F, Saam T. Phase-contrast CT: qualitative and quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic carotid artery plaque. Radiology 2014; 271:870-8. [PMID: 24588675 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14131554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential of phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) for atherosclerotic plaque imaging in human carotid arteries in an experimental ex vivo study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from the patients' relatives. Seven postmortem human carotid artery specimens were imaged at a laboratory setup by using a conventional x-ray tube and grating interferometer. After histologic processing, phase-contrast imaging and histopathologic data were matched. Characteristics of the necrotic core (NC) covered by a fibrous cap (FC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and calcifications (CAs) were established, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of phase-contrast CT for plaque detection and the potential for accurate quantification were assessed. The Cohen κ and Pearson correlation coefficient R were used to determine the agreement between phase-contrast imaging and histopathologic findings for plaque characterization and correlation of quantitative plaque measurements, respectively. A difference with a P value of less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Characteristic criteria were found in all analyzed plaque components. Applying these criteria, phase-contrast CT had a good sensitivity for the detection of the FC and NC, IPH, and CAs (all, >80%) and excellent specificity and accuracy (all, >90%), with good interreader agreement (κ ≥ 0.72, P < .0001). There were excellent correlations for quantitative measurements of FC, NC, and CAs between phase-contrast imaging and histopathologic findings (R ≥ 0.92). Interreader reproducibility was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.98 or higher for all measurements. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that ex vivo phase-contrast CT can help identify and quantify atherosclerotic plaque components, with excellent correlation to histopathologic findings. Although not yet applicable in vivo, phase-contrast CT may become a valuable tool to monitor atherosclerotic disease process noninvasively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Hetterich
- From the Institute of Clinical Radiology (H.H., S.F., F.B., S.A., S.W., M.R., T.S.), Center for Neuropathology (U.S.), and Institute of Anatomy (S.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany; {Department of Physics and Institute for Technical Medicine}, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (M.W., J.H., A.H., F.P.); and Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Geesthacht, Germany (J.H.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong P, Haupert S, Hesse B, Langer M, Gouttenoire PJ, Bousson V, Peyrin F. 3D osteocyte lacunar morphometric properties and distributions in human femoral cortical bone using synchrotron radiation micro-CT images. Bone 2014; 60:172-85. [PMID: 24334189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes, the most numerous bone cells, are thought to be actively involved in the bone modeling and remodeling processes. The morphology of osteocyte is hypothesized to adapt according to the physiological mechanical loading. Three-dimensional micro-CT has recently been used to study osteocyte lacunae. In this work, we proposed a computationally efficient and validated automated image analysis method to quantify the 3D shape descriptors of osteocyte lacunae and their distribution in human femurs. Thirteen samples were imaged using Synchrotron Radiation (SR) micro-CT at ID19 of the ESRF with 1.4μm isotropic voxel resolution. With a field of view of about 2.9×2.9×1.4mm(3), the 3D images include several tens of thousands of osteocyte lacunae. We designed an automated quantification method to segment and extract 3D cell descriptors from osteocyte lacunae. An image moment-based approach was used to calculate the volume, length, width, height and anisotropy of each osteocyte lacuna. We employed a fast algorithm to further efficiently calculate the surface area, the Euler number and the structure model index (SMI) of each lacuna. We also introduced the 3D lacunar density map to directly visualize the lacunar density variation over a large field of view. We reported the lacunar morphometric properties and distributions as well as cortical bone histomorphometric indices on the 13 bone samples. The mean volume and surface were found to be 409.5±149.7μm(3) and 336.2±94.5μm(2). The average dimensions were of 18.9±4.9μm in length, 9.2±2.1μm in width and 4.8±1.1μm in depth. We found lacunar number density and six osteocyte lacunar descriptors, three axis lengths, two anisotropy ratios and SMI, that are significantly correlated to bone porosity at a same local region. The proposed method allowed an automatic and efficient direct 3D analysis of a large population of bone cells and is expected to provide reliable biological information for better understanding the bone quality and diseases at cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dong
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvain Haupert
- UMPC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Max Langer
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Pierre-Jean Gouttenoire
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - Valérie Bousson
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, B2OA, UMR 7052 CNRS, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Françoise Peyrin
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220; Inserm U1044; Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, X-Ray Imaging Group, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rositi H, Frindel C, Langer M, Wiart M, Olivier C, Peyrin F, Rousseau D. Information-based analysis of X-ray in-line phase tomography with application to the detection of iron oxide nanoparticles in the brain. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:27185-27196. [PMID: 24216942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.027185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study analyzes noise in X-ray in-line phase tomography in a biomedical context. The impact of noise on detection of iron oxide nanoparticles in mouse brain is assessed. The part of the noise due to the imaging system and the part due to biology are quantitatively expressed in a Neyman Pearson detection strategy with two models of noise. This represents a practical extension of previous work on noise in phase-contrast X-ray imaging which focused on the theoretical expression of the signal-to-noise ratio in mono-dimensional phantoms, taking account of the statistical noise of the imaging system only. We also report the impact of the phase retrieval step on detection performance. Taken together, this constitutes a general methodology of practical interest for quantitative extraction of information from X-ray in-line phase tomography, and is also relevant to assessment of contrast agents with a blob-like signature in high resolution imaging.
Collapse
|
37
|
Vos M, Tökési K, Benkö I. The potential of materials analysis by electron rutherford backscattering as illustrated by a case study of mouse bones and related compounds. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:576-586. [PMID: 23642665 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761300041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electron Rutherford backscattering (ERBS) is a new technique that could be developed into a tool for materials analysis. Here we try to establish a methodology for the use of ERBS for materials analysis of more complex samples using bone minerals as a test case. For this purpose, we also studied several reference samples containing Ca: calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) and hydroxyapatite and mouse bone powder. A very good understanding of the spectra of CaCO(3) and hydroxyapatite was obtained. Quantitative interpretation of the bone spectrum is more challenging. A good fit of these spectra is only obtained with the same peak widths as used for the hydroxyapatite sample, if one allows for the presence of impurity atoms with a mass close to that of Na and Mg. Our conclusion is that a meaningful interpretation of spectra of more complex samples in terms of composition is indeed possible, but only if widths of the peaks contributing to the spectra are known. Knowledge of the peak widths can either be developed by the study of reference samples (as was done here) or potentially be derived from theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Vos
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gigante A, Busilacchi A, Lonzi B, Cecconi S, Manzotti S, Renghini C, Giuliani A, Mattioli-Belmonte M. Purified collagen I oriented membrane for tendon repair: an ex vivo morphological study. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:738-45. [PMID: 23335065 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injured tendons have limited repair ability after full-thickness lesions. Tendon regeneration properties and adverse reactions were assessed ex vivo in an experimental animal model using a new collagen I membrane. The multilamellar membrane obtained from purified equine Achilles tendon is characterized by oriented collagen I fibers and has been shown to sustain cell growth and orientation in vitro. The central third of the patellar tendon (PT) of 10 New Zealand White rabbits was sectioned and grafted with the collagen membrane; the contralateral PT was cut longitudinally (sham-operated controls). Animals were euthanized 1 or 6 months after surgery, and tendons were subjected to histological and Synchrotron Radiation-based Computed Microtomography (SRµCT) examination and 3D structure analysis. Histological and SRµCT findings showed satisfactory graft integration with native tendon. Histological examination also showed ongoing angiogenesis. Adverse side-effects (inflammation, rejection, calcification) were not observed. The multilamellar collagen I membrane can be considered as an effective tool for tendon defect repair and tendon augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gigante
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Marinescu M, Langer M, Durand A, Olivier C, Chabrol A, Rositi H, Chauveau F, Cho TH, Nighoghossian N, Berthezène Y, Peyrin F, Wiart M. Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Phase Micro-computed Tomography as a New Method to Detect Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 15:552-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Histological and Synchrotron Radiation-Based Computed Microtomography Study of 2 Human-Retrieved Direct Laser Metal Formed Titanium Implants. IMPLANT DENT 2013; 22:175-81. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e318282817d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Granke M, Gourrier A, Rupin F, Raum K, Peyrin F, Burghammer M, Saïed A, Laugier P. Microfibril orientation dominates the microelastic properties of human bone tissue at the lamellar length scale. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58043. [PMID: 23472132 PMCID: PMC3589472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic properties of bone tissue determine the biomechanical behavior of bone at the organ level. It is now widely accepted that the nanoscale structure of bone plays an important role to determine the elastic properties at the tissue level. Hence, in addition to the mineral density, the structure and organization of the mineral nanoparticles and of the collagen microfibrils appear as potential key factors governing the elasticity. Many studies exist on the role of the organization of collagen microfibril and mineral nanocrystals in strongly remodeled bone. However, there is no direct experimental proof to support the theoretical calculations. Here, we provide such evidence through a novel approach combining several high resolution imaging techniques: scanning acoustic microscopy, quantitative scanning small-Angle X-ray scattering imaging and synchrotron radiation computed microtomography. We find that the periodic modulations of elasticity across osteonal bone are essentially determined by the orientation of the mineral nanoparticles and to a lesser extent only by the particle size and density. Based on the strong correlation between the orientation of the mineral nanoparticles and the collagen molecules, we conclude that the microfibril orientation is the main determinant of the observed undulations of microelastic properties in regions of constant mineralization in osteonal lamellar bone. This multimodal approach could be applied to a much broader range of fibrous biological materials for the purpose of biomimetic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Granke
- UMPC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7623, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Paramétrique, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chappard C, Bensalah S, Olivier C, Gouttenoire PJ, Marchadier A, Benhamou C, Peyrin F. 3D characterization of pores in the cortical bone of human femur in the elderly at different locations as determined by synchrotron micro-computed tomography images. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1023-33. [PMID: 22814943 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diaphysis, inferior, and lateral superior regions of the femoral neck are subjected to diverse mechanical loads. Using micro-CT based on synchrotron radiation, three-dimensional morphology and connectivity of the pore network are location dependent, underlying different remodeling mechanisms. INTRODUCTION The three-dimensional (3D) morphology and connectivity of the pore network at various locations in human femurs subjected to diverse mechanical loads were assessed using micro-CT based on synchrotron radiation. METHODS The cortex from 20 human femurs (mean age, 78.3 ± 12.4 years) was taken from the diaphysis (D), the inferior (IN), and the lateral superior (LS) regions of the femoral neck. The voxel size of the 3D reconstructed image was 7.5 μm. Cortical thickness and pore volume/tissue volume (Po.V/TV), pore diameter (Po.Dm) and spacing (Po.Sp) were determined. The pore surface/pore volume ratio (Po.S/Po.V), the number of pores (Po.N), the degrees of anisotropy (DA), and the connectivity density (ConnD), the degree of mineralization (DMB) were also determined. RESULTS The characteristics of the pore network in femoral cortical bone were found to be location dependent. There was greater porosity, Po.Dm, and Po.N, and more large (180-270 μm), extra-large (270-360 μm) and giant pores (>360 μm) in the LS compared to the IN and D. The difference in porosity in between the periosteal and endosteal layers was mostly due to an increase of Po.Dm rather than Po.N. There was a lower DMB of bone in the LS, which is consistent with a higher remodeling rate. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for large variations in the structure of the internal pore network in cortical bone. These variations could involve different underlying remodeling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chappard
- UMR 7052 cnrs-Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, B2OA, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pacureanu A, Larrue A, Langer M, Olivier C, Muller C, Lafage-Proust MH, Peyrin F. Adaptive filtering for enhancement of the osteocyte cell network in 3D microtomography images. Ing Rech Biomed 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
Sixou B, Davidoiu V, Langer M, Peyrin F. Absorption and phase retrieval with Tikhonov and joint sparsity regularizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3934/ipi.2013.7.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
45
|
Bonnassie A, Peyrin F, Attali D. A new method for analyzing local shape in three-dimensional images based on medial axis transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 33:700-5. [PMID: 18238219 DOI: 10.1109/tsmcb.2003.814298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new approach based on three-dimensional (3-D) medial axis transformation for describing geometrical shapes in three-dimensional images. For 3-D-images, the medial axis, which is composed of both curves and medial surfaces, provides a simplified and reversible representation of structures. The purpose of this new method is to classify each voxel of the three-dimensional images in four classes: boundary, branching, regular and arc points. The classification is first performed on the voxels of the medial axis. It relies on the topological properties of a local region of interest around each voxel. The size of this region of interest is chosen as a function of the local thickness of the structure. Then, the reversibility of the medial axis is used to deduce a labeling of the whole object. The proposed method is evaluated on simulated images. Finally, we present an application of the method to the identification of bone structures from 3-D very high-resolution tomographic images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bonnassie
- CREATIS, CNRS Res. Unit, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bazin D, Daudon M, Combes C, Rey C. Characterization and some physicochemical aspects of pathological microcalcifications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5092-120. [PMID: 22809072 DOI: 10.1021/cr200068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ruggiu A, Tortelli F, Komlev VS, Peyrin F, Cancedda R. Extracellular matrix deposition and scaffold biodegradation in an in vitro three-dimensional model of bone by X-ray computed microtomography. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:557-65. [PMID: 22730262 DOI: 10.1002/term.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of an in vitro model of bone and the optimization of tools for determining the biological processes occurring during bone repair remains a major goal in the field of bone tissue engineering. Recently, a model based on a three-dimensional co-culture of osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors in Skelite(TM) scaffolds was developed. Although induction of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation was observed, a complete evaluation of bone deposition and biodegradation processes was missing due to technical limitations. In the current study, both X-ray computed microtomography and histological analysis were used to monitor these two key biological processes in the same in vitro model. Either osteoblasts or a combination of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were seeded on Skelite(TM) scaffolds. Scaffold biodegradation and increased bone deposition together with a more organized extracellular matrix were observed in the co-cultures, highlighting the role of osteoclasts in the determination and regulation of bone deposition. Results confirmed the potential and relevance of co-culturing osteoblasts and osteoclasts to resemble native tissue. The combination of X-ray computed microtomography and histology presented in this study could be useful in future studies for the validation and development of new in vitro culture systems for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ruggiu
- Università degli Studi di Genova & Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Farini A, Villa C, Manescu A, Fiori F, Giuliani A, Razini P, Sitzia C, Del Fraro G, Belicchi M, Meregalli M, Rustichelli F, Torrente Y. Novel insight into stem cell trafficking in dystrophic muscles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3059-67. [PMID: 22787400 PMCID: PMC3391005 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently published reports have described possible cellular therapy approaches to regenerate muscle tissues using arterial route delivery. However, the kinetic of distribution of these migratory stem cells within injected animal muscular dystrophy models is unknown. Using living X-ray computed microtomography, we established that intra-arterially injected stem cells traffic to multiple muscle tissues for several hours until their migration within dystrophic muscles. Injected stem cells express multiple traffic molecules, including VLA-4, LFA-1, CD44, and the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which are likely to direct these cells into dystrophic muscles. In fact, the majority of intra-arterially injected stem cells access the muscle tissues not immediately after the injection, but after several rounds of recirculation. We set up a new, living, 3D-imaging approach, which appears to be an important way to investigate the kinetic of distribution of systemically injected stem cells within dystrophic muscle tissues, thereby providing supportive data for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pacureanu A, Langer M, Boller E, Tafforeau P, Peyrin F. Nanoscale imaging of the bone cell network with synchrotron X-ray tomography: optimization of acquisition setup. Med Phys 2012; 39:2229-38. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3697525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
50
|
Sansalone V, Bousson V, Naili S, Bergot C, Peyrin F, Laredo JD, Haïat G. Anatomical distribution of the degree of mineralization of bone tissue in human femoral neck: impact on biomechanical properties. Bone 2012; 50:876-84. [PMID: 22245631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic hip fractures represent a major public health problem associated with high human and economic costs. The anatomical variation of the tissue mineral density (TMD) and of the elastic constants in femoral neck cortical bone specimens is an important determinant of bone fragility. The purpose of this study was to show that a Synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography system coupled with a multiscale biomechanical model allows the determination of the 3-D anatomical dependence of TMD and of the elastic constants (i.e. the mechanical properties of an anisotropic material) in human femoral neck. Bone specimens from the inferior femoral neck were obtained from 18 patients undergoing standard hemiarthroplasty. The specimens were imaged using 3-D synchrotron micro-computed tomography with a voxel size of 10.13 μm, leading to the determination of the anatomical distributions of porosity and TMD. The elastic properties of bone tissue were computed using a multiscale model. The model uses the experimental data obtained at the scale of several micrometers to estimate the components of the elastic tensor of bone at the scale of the organ. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed a significant effect of the radial position on porosity and TMD and a significant effect of axial position on TMD only. Porosity was found to increase in the radial direction moving from the periosteum inwards (p<10(-5)). At any given distance from the periosteum, porosity does not vary noticeably along the bone axis. TMD was found to be significantly higher (p<10(-5)) in the periosteal region than in other bone locations and decreases from the periosteal to the endosteal region with an average slope of 10.05 g.cm(-3).m(-1), the decrease being faster in the porous part of the samples (average slope equal of 30.04 g.cm(-3).m(-1)) than in dense cortical bone. TMD was found to decrease from the distal to the proximal part of the femur neck (average slope of 6.5 g.cm(-3).m(-1)). Considering TMD variations in the radial direction induces weak changes of bone properties compared to constant TMD. TMD variations in the axial direction are responsible for a significant variation of elastic constants. These results demonstrate that the anatomical variations of TMD affect the bone elastic properties, which could be explained by the complex stress field in bone affecting bone remodeling. TMD spatial variations should be taken into account to properly describe the spatial heterogeneity of elastic coefficients of bone tissue at the organ scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sansalone
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, UMR CNRS 8208 MSME, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|