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Lu B, Guo S, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhou B. Adipose knockout of H-ferritin improves energy metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101871. [PMID: 38184276 PMCID: PMC10803945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferritin, the principal iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis. How iron homeostasis affects the adipose tissue is not well understood. We investigated the role of ferritin heavy chain in adipocytes in energy metabolism. METHODS We generated adipocyte-specific ferritin heavy chain (Fth, also known as Fth1) knockout mice, herein referred to as FthAKO. These mice were analyzed for iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and activity, adaptive thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic measurements. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts and primary mouse adipocytes were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS In FthAKO mice, the adipose iron homeostasis was disrupted, accompanied by elevated expression of adipokines, dramatically induced heme oxygenase 1(Hmox1) expression, and a notable decrease in the mitochondrial ROS level. Cytosolic ROS elevation in the adipose tissue of FthAKO mice was very mild, and we only observed this in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) but not in the white adipose tissue (WAT). FthAKO mice presented an altered metabolic profile and showed increased insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and improved adaptive thermogenesis. Interestingly, loss of ferritin resulted in enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and a preference for lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ferritin in adipocytes is indispensable to intracellular iron homeostasis and regulates systemic lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Choi HE, Jeon EJ, Kim DY, Choi MJ, Yu H, Kim JI, Cheon HG. Sodium salicylate induces browning of white adipocytes via M2 macrophage polarization by HO-1 upregulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175085. [PMID: 35679889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Browning, a white to brown-like (beige) adipocyte conversion, offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human obesity. In the present study, the effects of sodium salicylate, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on adipocyte browning were investigated. We found sodium salicylate altered the macrophage phenotype to M2 in RAW264.7 cells, mediated by up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and sodium salicylate-treated conditioned medium from macrophages (Sal-M2 CM) induced browning of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conversely, the conditioned medium obtained from macrophages when treated with sodium salicylate in the presence of either ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor) or HO-1 siRNA did not induce browning. In association with macrophage HO-1 induction by sodium salicylate, iron production also increased, and deferoxamine (an iron chelator) blunted the browning effects of Sal-M2 CM, suggesting that iron may play a role in the Sal-M2 CM-induced browning. The in vivo browning effects of sodium salicylate were confirmed in ob/ob mice, whereas in vivo macrophage depletion by clodronate as well as HO-1 blockade by either ZnPP or adeno-associated virus carrying HO-1 shRNA (AAV-HO-1 shRNA) attenuated the browning effects of sodium salicylate. These results reveal sodium salicylate induces browning in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating HO-1 thus promoting M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ye T, Zhang J, Wu D, Shi J, Kuang Z, Ma Y, Xu Q, Chen B, Kan C, Sun X, Han F. Empagliflozin Attenuates Obesity-Related Kidney Dysfunction and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Through the HO-1-Adiponectin Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907984. [PMID: 35784553 PMCID: PMC9248377 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) that produces protective cardiovascular-renal outcomes in patients with diabetes. However, the effects of EMPA on obesity-related kidney disease have not been determined. The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-adiponectin axis is an essential antioxidant system with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explored whether EMPA improves obesity-related kidney disease through regulation of the renal HO-1-mediated adiponectin axis. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to control, high-fat diet (HFD) groups, and EMPA (10 mg/kg) groups. HFD mice showed metabolic abnormality and renal injury, including increased urinary albumin excretion, morphologic changes, and lipid accumulation. EMPA treatment improved metabolic disorders and attenuated lipotoxicity-induced renal injury. Furthermore, EMPA treatment ameliorated renal NLRP3 inflammasome activity and upregulated the HO-1-adiponectin axis. Our findings indicate that EMPA improves obesity-related kidney disease through reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activity and upregulation of the HO-1-adiponectin axis, suggesting a novel mechanism for SGLT2i-mediated renal protection in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zengguang Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Sun, ; Fang Han,
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Sun, ; Fang Han,
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4
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Cimini FA, Barchetta I, Zuliani I, Pagnotta S, Bertoccini L, Dule S, Zampieri M, Reale A, Baroni MG, Cavallo MG, Barone E. Biliverdin reductase-A protein levels are reduced in type 2 diabetes and are associated with poor glycometabolic control. Life Sci 2021; 284:119913. [PMID: 34453944 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) other than its canonical role in the degradation pathway of heme as partner of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), has recently drawn attention as a protein with pleiotropic functions involved in insulin-glucose homeostasis. However, whether BVR-A expression is altered in type 2 diabetes (T2D) has never been evaluated. MAIN METHODS BVR-A protein levels were evaluated in T2D (n = 44) and non-T2D (n = 29) subjects, who underwent complete clinical workup and routine biochemistry. In parallel, levels HO1, whose expression is regulated by BVR-A as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which is a known repressor for BVR-A with pro-inflammatory properties, were also assessed. KEY FINDINGS BVR-A levels were significantly lower in T2D subjects than in non-T2D subjects. Reduced BVR-A levels were associated with greater body mass, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, transaminases and TNFα, and with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Lower BVR-A levels are associated with reduced HO1 protein levels and the multivariate analysis showed that BVR-A represented the main determinant of HO1 levels in T2D after adjustment. In addition, reduced BVR-A levels were able to predict the presence of T2D with AUROC = 0.69. for potential confounders. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate for the first time that BVR-A protein levels are reduced in T2D individuals, and that this alteration strictly correlates with poor glycometabolic control and a pro-inflammatory state. Hence, these observations reinforce the hypothesis that reduced BVR-A protein levels may represent a key event in the dysregulation of intracellular pathways finally leading to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Dule
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Reale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Is, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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6
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Žiberna L, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Petelin A. Serum Bilirubin Levels in Overweight and Obese Individuals: The Importance of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091352. [PMID: 34572984 PMCID: PMC8472302 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition involving low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress; thus, obese and overweight people have lower values of serum bilirubin. Essentially, bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant molecule with anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, and endocrine properties. This review paper presents the interplay between obesity-related pathological processes and bilirubin, with a focus on adipose tissue and adipokines. We discuss potential strategies to mildly increase serum bilirubin levels in obese patients as an adjunctive therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Žiberna
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-5-66-2469
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Lee DK, Jang HD. Carnosic Acid Attenuates an Early Increase in ROS Levels during Adipocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Translation of Nox4 and Inducing Translation of Antioxidant Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116096. [PMID: 34198827 PMCID: PMC8201016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of carnosic acid to attenuate an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation. The levels of superoxide anion and ROS were determined using dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Both superoxide anion and ROS levels peaked on the second day of differentiation. They were suppressed by carnosic acid. Carnosic acid attenuates the translation of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 4 (Nox4), p47phox, and p22phox, and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB inhibitor (IkBa). The translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was also decreased by carnosic acid. In addition, carnosic acid increased the translation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ–glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSc), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and both the translation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Taken together, these results indicate that carnosic acid could down-regulate ROS level in an early stage of MPI-induced adipocyte differentiation by attenuating ROS generation through suppression of NF-κB-mediated translation of Nox4 enzyme and increasing ROS neutralization through induction of Nrf2-mediated translation of phase II antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, γ-GCS, and GST, leading to its anti-adipogenetic effect.
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8
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Signaling and Redox Homeostasis in Physiopathological Conditions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040589. [PMID: 33923744 PMCID: PMC8072688 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme-oxygenase is the enzyme responsible for degradation of endogenous iron protoporphyirin heme; it catalyzes the reaction’s rate-limiting step, resulting in the release of carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous ions, and biliverdin (BV), which is successively reduced in bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase. Several studies have drawn attention to the controversial role of HO-1, the enzyme inducible isoform, pointing out its implications in cancer and other diseases development, but also underlining the importance of its antioxidant activity. The contribution of HO-1 in redox homeostasis leads to a relevant decrease in cells oxidative damage, which can be reconducted to its cytoprotective effects explicated alongside other endogenous mechanisms involving genes like TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator), but also to the therapeutic functions of heme main transformation products, especially carbon monoxide (CO), which has been shown to be effective on GSH levels implementation sustaining body’s antioxidant response to oxidative stress. The aim of this review was to collect most of the knowledge on HO-1 from literature, analyzing different perspectives to try and put forward a hypothesis on revealing yet unknown HO-1-involved pathways that could be useful to promote development of new therapeutical strategies, and lay the foundation for further investigation to fully understand this important antioxidant system.
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9
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Expression profiles of genes associated with inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lung after heat stroke. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224901. [PMID: 32436952 PMCID: PMC7276522 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stroke (HS) is a physically dysfunctional illness caused by hyperthermia. Lung, as the important place for gas-exchange and heat-dissipation organ, is often first to be injured. Lung injury caused by HS impairs the ventilation function of lung, which will subsequently cause damage to other tissues and organs. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of lung injury in heat stroke is still unknown. METHODS Rat lung tissues from controls or HS models were harvested. The gene expression profile was identified by high-throughput sequencing. DEGs were calculated using R and validated by qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and cell-enrichment were performed using differential expression genes (DEGs). Finally, lung histopathology was accessed by H&E staining. RESULTS About 471 genes were identified to be DEGs, of which 257 genes were up-regulated, and 214 genes were down-regulated. The most up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR, which confirmed the tendency of expression. GO, KEGG, and protein-protein interaction (PPI)-network analyses disclosed DEGs were significantly enriched in leukocyte migration, response to lipopolysaccharide, NIK/NF-kappaB signaling, response to reactive oxygen species, response to heat, and the hub genes were Tnf, Il1b, Cxcl2, Ccl2, Mmp9, Timp1, Hmox1, Serpine1, Mmp8 and Csf1, most of which were closely related to inflammagenesis and oxidative stress. Finally, cell-enrichment analysis and histopathologic analysis showed Monocytes, Megakaryotyes, and Macrophages were enriched in response to heat stress. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified key genes, signal pathways and infiltrated-cell types in lung after heat stress, which will deepen our understanding of transcriptional response to heat stress, and might provide new ideas for the treatment of HS.
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10
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Abd-Ellatief RB, Aboulhagag NA, Farghaly HSM, Al-Wasei FMM. The potential relationship between gasotransmitters and oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101511. [PMID: 33725649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lead-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in this study. On prolonged exposure, lead was accumulated in liver tissue of rats and impaired liver function and structure as assessed by measurement of the serum hepatic function markers and by histopathological examination. The accumulated metal induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the liver. Also, it increased nitric oxide (NO) production and decreased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in liver tissue. Decreasing of NO production by L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and carbon monoxide (CO) level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of liver function and structure. Concomitantly, these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of HO-1 concentration and H2S level. Furthermore, concurrent treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in the protein expressions of inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine-γ-lyase in the liver. NO donor, l-arginine and H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results indicate, for the first time, that there is an interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced hepatotoxicity. The ability of L-N AME, NaHS and CORM-A1 to provide protective effects against lead-induced hepatotoxicity may positively correlate, to their ability to suppress hepatic oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha A Aboulhagag
- Department of Patholology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy M M Al-Wasei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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11
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Peterson SJ, Choudhary A, Kalsi AK, Zhao S, Alex R, Abraham NG. OX-HDL: A Starring Role in Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Intervention. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E976. [PMID: 33233550 PMCID: PMC7699797 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular-renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) pathophysiology. After explaining how the HDL and RCT pathways become dysfunctional through oxidative processes, we will elaborate on the potential role of HDL dysfunction in CRS. We will then present findings on how HDL function and the inducible antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are interconnected and how induction of HO-1 is protective against HDL dysfunction and important for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular-renal system. This will substantiate the proposal of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent HDL dysfunction and, consequently, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and the onset of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Abu Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Amardeep K. Kalsi
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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12
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The Pivotal Role of Adipocyte-Na K peptide in Reversing Systemic Inflammation in Obesity and COVID-19 in the Development of Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111129. [PMID: 33202598 PMCID: PMC7697697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data from several laboratories that have demonstrated a role of the Na/K-ATPase, specifically its α1 subunit, in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the negative regulator of Src. Together with Src and other signaling proteins, the Na/K-ATPase forms an oxidant amplification loop (NKAL), amplifies ROS, and participates in cytokines storm in obesity. The development of a peptide fragment of the α1 subunit, NaKtide, has been shown to negatively regulate Src. Several groups showed that the systemic administration of the cell permeable modification of NaKtide (pNaKtide) or its selective delivery to fat tissue—adipocyte specific expression of NaKtide—ameliorate the systemic elevation of inflammatory cytokines seen in chronic obesity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the RNA Coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 global pandemic, invades cells via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor (ACE2R) that is appended in inflamed fat tissue and exacerbates the formation of the cytokines storm. Both obesity and heart and renal failure are well known risks for adverse outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. White adipocytes express ACE-2 receptors in high concentration, especially in obese patients. Once the virus invades the white adipocyte cell, it creates a COVID19–porphyrin complex which degrades and produces free porphyrin and iron and increases ROS. The increased formation of ROS and activation of the NKAL results in a further potentiated formation of ROS production, and ultimately, adipocyte generation of more inflammatory mediators, leading to systemic cytokines storm and heart failure. Moreover, chronic obesity also results in the reduction of antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increasing adipocyte susceptibility to ROS and cytokines. It is the systemic inflammation and cytokine storm which is responsible for many of the adverse outcomes seen with COVID-19 infections in obese subjects, leading to heart failure and death. This review will also describe the potential antioxidant drugs and role of NaKtide and their demonstrated antioxidant effect used as a major strategy for improving obesity and epicardial fat mediated heart failure in the context of the COVID pandemic.
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Tun S, Spainhower CJ, Cottrill CL, Lakhani HV, Pillai SS, Dilip A, Chaudhry H, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. Therapeutic Efficacy of Antioxidants in Ameliorating Obesity Phenotype and Associated Comorbidities. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32903449 PMCID: PMC7438597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been a worldwide epidemic for decades. Despite the abundant increase in knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity, the prevalence continues to rise with estimates predicting considerably higher numbers by the year 2030. Obesity is characterized by an abnormal lipid accumulation, however, the physiological consequences of obesity are far more concerning. The development of the obesity phenotype constitutes dramatic alterations in adipocytes, along with several other cellular mechanisms which causes substantial increase in systemic oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These alterations promote a chronic state of inflammation in the body caused by the redox imbalance. Together, the systemic oxidative stress and chronic inflammation plays a vital role in maintaining the obese state and exacerbating onset of cardiovascular complications, Type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and other conditions where obesity has been linked as a significant risk factor. Because of the apparent role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, there has been a growing interest in attenuating the pro-oxidant state in obesity. Hence, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic role of antioxidants, agents that negate pro-oxidant state of cells, in ameliorating obesity and associated comorbidities. More specifically, this review will explore how various antioxidants target unique and diverse pathways to exhibit an antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tun
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Caleb James Spainhower
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Cameron Lee Cottrill
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Sneha S Pillai
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Anum Dilip
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Hibba Chaudhry
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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14
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Bellner L, Lebovics NB, Rubinstein R, Buchen YD, Sinatra E, Sinatra G, Abraham NG, McClung JA, Thompson EA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation: A Novel Approach in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1045-1060. [PMID: 31891663 PMCID: PMC7153645 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Heme oxygenase (HO) plays a pivotal role in both vascular and metabolic functions and is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and adipocytes. Recent Advances: From the regulation of adipogenesis in adipose tissue to the adaptive response of vascular tissue in the ECs, HO plays a critical role in the capability of the vascular system to respond and adjust to insults in homeostasis. Recent studies show that HO-1 through regulation of adipocyte and adipose tissue functions ultimately aid not only in local but also in systemic maintenance of homeostasis. Critical Issues: Recent advances have revealed the existence of a cross talk between vascular ECs and adipocytes in adipose tissue. In the pathological state of obesity, this cross talk contributes to the condition's adverse chronic effects, and we propose that specific targeting of the HO-1 gene can restore signaling pathways and improve both vascular and adipose functions. Future Directions: A complete understanding of the role of HO-1 in regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis is important to comprehend the homeostatic regulation as well as in cardiovascular disease. Efforts are required to highlight the effects and the ability to target the HO-1 gene in models of obesity with an emphasis on the role of pericardial fat on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nachum B Lebovics
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Yosef D Buchen
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Emilia Sinatra
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Giuseppe Sinatra
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ellen A Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia
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15
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Petelin A, Jurdana M, Jenko Pražnikar Z, Žiberna L. SERUM BILIRUBIN CORRELATES WITH SERUM ADIPOKINES IN NORMAL WEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:19-29. [PMID: 32724271 PMCID: PMC7382891 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are considered as chronic low-grade inflammation accompanied by imbalanced production of adipokines. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between serum bilirubin, which is an endogenous antioxidant with anti-inflammatory activity, and pro- and anti-inflammatory serum adipokines in asymptomatic normal weight and overweight individuals. Healthy men and women aged 25-49 participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent fasting serological measurements of adipokines, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), total and direct serum bilirubin, and other biochemical parameters. Participants were divided into normal weight and overweight groups. We found a significant negative association between total bilirubin and CRP, TNF-α, visfatin and resistin values, and a significant positive association between total bilirubin and adiponectin values in both normal-weight and overweight groups. Importantly, after adjusting for body mass index, we also found a significant negative association between total serum bilirubin levels and both visfatin and CRP serum levels. Moreover, visfatin, resistin and CRP were predictors of the total serum bilirubin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela Jurdana
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia; 2Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia; 2Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lovro Žiberna
- 1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia; 2Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Ahn S, Basavana Gowda M, Lee M, Masagalli JN, Mailar K, Choi WJ, Noh M. Novel linked butanolide dimer compounds increase adiponectin production during adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ modulation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Antony Rathinasamy JIR, Uddandrao VVS, Raveendran N, Sasikumar V. Antiobesity Effect of Biochanin-A: Effect on Trace Element Metabolism in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 18:21-30. [PMID: 32031077 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666200207101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalanced diets have contributed to the increased prevalence of obesity and other metabolic disorders in the modern world including trace element metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effects of Biochanin A (BCA) on the changes in element metabolism induced by HFD-induced obese rats. METHODS BCA was administered orally for 30 days to experimental obese rats. Changes in body weight, glucose, insulin resistance and lipid profiles of plasma, as well as the level of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mg and Cu) in various tissues (liver, kidney, heart and pancreas) and hepsidine and heme oxygenase, were observed in experimental rats. RESULTS The administration of BCA elicited a significant (p<0.05) reduction in, glucose, insulin, ferritin, total cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids, VLDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides and hepsidin. Significant alterations were observed in trace elements level, HDL-C, transferrin, bilirubin and HO - 1 level. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that HFD results in derangement of trace elements in the tissues of rats fed with HFD. BCA may alleviate the derangement of HFD induced trace elements metabolism by modulating hyperglycemic and insulin resistance status and altering hepcidin and HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veera Venkata Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
| | - Nivedha Raveendran
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
| | - Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
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18
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Beneficial Role of HO-1-SIRT1 Axis in Attenuating Angiotensin II-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133205. [PMID: 31261892 PMCID: PMC6650875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II), released by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), contributes to the modulatory role of the RAAS in adipose tissue dysfunction. Investigators have shown that inhibition of AngII improved adipose tissue function and insulin resistance in mice with metabolic syndrome. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant, has been demonstrated to improve oxidative stress and adipocyte phenotype. Molecular effects of high oxidative stress include suppression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which is amenable to redox manipulations. The mechanisms involved, however, in these metabolic effects of the RAAS remain incompletely understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that AngII-induced oxidative stress has the potential to suppress adipocyte SIRT1 via down regulation of HO-1. This effect of AngII will, in turn, upregulate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The induction of HO-1 will rescue SIRT1, hence improving oxidative stress and adipocyte phenotype. Methods and Results: We examined the effect of AngII on lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in mouse pre-adipocytes in the presence and absence of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), HO-1 inducer, tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), and HO-1 inhibitor. Our results show that treatment of mouse pre-adipocytes with AngII increased lipid accumulation, superoxide levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and adiponectin levels. This effect was attenuated by HO-1 induction, which was further reversed by SnMP, suggesting HO-1 mediated improvement in adipocyte phenotype. AngII-treated pre-adipocytes also showed upregulated levels of MR and suppressed SIRT1 that was rescued by HO-1. Subsequent treatment with CoPP and SIRT1 siRNA in mouse pre-adipocytes increased lipid accumulation and fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels, suggesting that beneficial effects of HO-1 are mediated via SIRT1. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates for the first time that HO-1 has the ability to restore cellular redox, rescue SIRT1, and prevent AngII-induced impaired effects on adipocytes and the systemic metabolic profile.
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19
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2-Phenyl-8-(1-phenylallyl)-chromenone compounds have a pan-PPAR modulator pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2948-2958. [PMID: 31128991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Adiponectin secretion-inducing compounds have therapeutic potential in a variety of metabolic diseases. Phenotypic screening led to the discovery that 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allyl)-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (compound 1) had adiponectin secretion-inducing activity during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Compound 1 was originally reported to be an anti-cancer chemical isolated from natural honeybee propolis, and its adiponectin secretion-inducing activity was found in non-cytotoxic concentrations. In a target identification study, compound 1 and its potent synthetic derivative compound 5 were shown to be novel pan-peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) modulators. Molecular docking models with PPARs have indicated that the binding modes of chromenone compounds preferentially interacted with the hydrophobic ligand binding pocket of PPARs. In addition, chromenone compounds have been shown to result in different phenotypic outcomes in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolic enzymes than those of selective PPAR mono-agonists for PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. In line with the pharmacology of adiponectin and PPAR pan-modulators, compounds 1 and 5 may have diverse therapeutic potentials to treat cancer and metabolic diseases.
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20
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Abd-Ellatief RB, Aboulhagag NA, Farghaly HSM, Al-Wasei FMM. The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced renal toxicity in rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:39-50. [PMID: 30980911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of gasotransmitters in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Long-term exposure of rats to lead resulted in its accumulation in kidney. The accumulated metal impaired kidney function and structure. Lead intoxication resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in kidney. In addition, it resulted in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and decrease in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in kidney. Inhibition of NO overproduction by L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and CO level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of kidney function and structure. These agents inhibited lead-intoxication induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of H2S level and HO-1 concentration. Also, concomitant treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine- γ-lyase (CSE) in kidney. The NO donor, L-arginine and the H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively produced opposite effects and aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that gasotransmitters play an important role in lead-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha A Aboulhagag
- Department of Patholology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy M M Al-Wasei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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21
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Liu L, Puri N, Raffaele M, Schragenheim J, Singh SP, Bradbury JA, Bellner L, Vanella L, Zeldin DC, Cao J, Abraham NG. Ablation of soluble epoxide hydrolase reprogram white fat to beige-like fat through an increase in mitochondrial integrity, HO-1-adiponectin in vitro and in vivo. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 138:1-8. [PMID: 30041041 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), specifically 11,12- and 14,15-EETs, reduce adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells and mouse preadipocytes (3T-3L1). In this study, we explore the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) deletion on various aspects of adipocyte-function, including programing for white vs. beige-like fat, and mitochondrial and thermogenic gene-expressions. We further hypothesize that EETs and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) form a synergistic, functional module whose effects on adipocyte and vascular function is greater than the effects of sEH deletion alone. In in vitro studies, we examined the effect of sEH inhibitors on MSC-derived adipocytes. MSC-derived adipocytes exposed to AUDA, an inhibitor of sEH, exhibit an increased number of small and healthy adipocytes, an effect reproduced by siRNA for sEH. in vivo studies indicate that sEH deletion results in a significant decrease in adipocyte size, inflammatory adipokines NOV, TNFα, while increasing adiponectin (p < 0.05). These findings are associated with a decrease in body weight (p < 0.05), and visceral fat (p < 0.05). Importantly, sEH deletion was associated with a significant increase in Mfn1, COX 1, UCP1 and adiponectin (p < 0.03). sEH deletion was manifested by a significant increase in EETs isomers 5,6-EET, 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET and an increased EETs/DHETEs ratio. Notably, activation of HO-1 gene expression further increased the levels of EETs, suggesting that the antioxidant HO-1 system protects EETs from degradation by ROS. These results are novel in that sEH deletion, while increasing EET levels, resulted in reprograming of white fat to express mitochondrial and thermogenic genes, a phenotype characteristic of beige-fat. Thus, EETs agonist(s) and sEH inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanlou Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nitin Puri
- Joan Edward School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Joseph Schragenheim
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanlou Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan Edward School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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22
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Development of NASH in Obese Mice is Confounded by Adipose Tissue Increase in Inflammatory NOV and Oxidative Stress. Int J Hepatol 2018; 2018:3484107. [PMID: 30057822 PMCID: PMC6051135 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3484107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the consequence of insulin resistance, fatty acid accumulation, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity. We hypothesize that an increase in the inflammatory adipokine NOV decreases antioxidant Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels in adipose and hepatic tissue, resulting in the development of NASH in obese mice. METHODS Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and obese animals were administered an HO-1 inducer with or without an inhibitor of HO activity to examine levels of adipose-derived NOV and possible links between increased synthesis of inflammatory adipokines and hepatic pathology. RESULTS NASH mice displayed decreased HO-1 levels and HO activity, increased levels of hepatic heme, NOV, MMP2, hepcidin, and increased NAS scores and hepatic fibrosis. Increased HO-1 levels are associated with a decrease in NOV, improved hepatic NAS score, ameliorated fibrosis, and increases in mitochondrial integrity and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Adipose tissue function is disrupted in obesity as evidenced by an increase in proinflammatory molecules such as NOV and a decrease in adiponectin. Importantly, increased HO-1 levels are associated with a decrease of NOV, increased adiponectin levels, and increased levels of thermogenic and mitochondrial signaling associated genes in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the metabolic abnormalities in NASH are driven by decreased levels of hepatic HO-1 that is associated with an increase in the adipose-derived proinflammatory adipokine NOV in our obese mouse model of NASH. Concurrently, induction of HO-1 provides protection against insulin resistance as seen by increased insulin receptor phosphorylation. Pharmacological increases in HO-1 associated with decreases in NOV may offer a potential therapeutic approach in preventing fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the development of NASH.
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23
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Hamza AA, Fikry EM, Abdallah W, Amin A. Mechanistic insights into the augmented effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thiazolidinediones in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9827. [PMID: 29959408 PMCID: PMC6026169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist. Combined MSCs and PIO treatments markedly improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile levels, insulin level, insulin resistance, β cell function. Those protective effects also attenuated both pancreatic lesions and fibrosis in diabetic rats and decreased the depletion of pancreatic mediators of glycemic and lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PGC-1α, GLP-1 and IRS-2. Cardiac biogenesis of diabetic groups was also improved with MSCs and/or PIO treatments as reflected by the enhanced up-regulation of the expressions of cardiac IRS1, Glucose transporter 4, PGC-1, PPARα and CPT-1 genes and the down-regulated expression of lipogenic gene SREBP. The combination of MSCs and PIO also potentiated the decrease of abnormal myocardial pathological lesions in diabetic rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of MSCs on diabetic cardiac fibrosis and on the up regulations of TGF-β, collagen I and III gene expressions were partial but additive when combined with PIO. Therefore, combined therapy with PIO and BMCs transplantation could further potentiate the protective benefit of MSCs against diabetes and cardiac damage compared to MSCs monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 4 attenuates hyperlipidemia-induced insulin resistance via suppression of inflammation and ER stress through HO-1 expression in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:129-136. [PMID: 29787756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 4 (FNDC4) has been reported to be involved in the modulation of inflammation in macrophages, its effects on inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue are unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effects of FNDC4 on hyperlipidemia-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance in adipocytes via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-mediated pathway. Hyperlipidemia-induced nuclear factor κB (NFκB), inhibitory κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and MCP-1 were markedly mitigated by FNDC4. Furthermore, FNDC4 treatment attenuated impaired insulin signaling in palmitate-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. FNDC4 administration ameliorated glucose intolerance and reduced HFD-induced body weight gain in mice. However, FNDC4 treatment did not affect calorie intake. Additionally, treatment with FNDC4 attenuated hyperlipidemia-induced phosphorylation or expression of ER stress markers such as IRE-1, eIF2α, and CHOP in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. FNDC4 treatment stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and HO-1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK and HO-1 abrogated the suppressive effects of FNDC4 on palmitate-induced ER stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. In conclusion, our results show that FNDC4 ameliorates insulin resistance via AMPK/HO-1-mediated suppression of inflammation and ER stress, indicating that FNDC4 may be a novel therapeutic agent for treating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Liu X, Ji C, Xu L, Yu T, Dong C, Luo J. Hmox1 promotes osteogenic differentiation at the expense of reduced adipogenic differentiation induced by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5503-5516. [PMID: 29377252 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into a variety of cell types under proper stimuli. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is able to simultaneously induce both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs although the regulatory molecules involved remain to be fully identified and characterized. Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) plays an essential role not only in fat metabolism, but also in bone development. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of Hmox1 in BMP9-induced osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation in MSCs line C3H10T1/2 and probed the possible mechanism involved. We found that BMP9 promoted the endogenous expression of Hmox1 in C3H10T1/2 cells. Overexpression of Hmox1 or cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), an inducer of Hmox1, increased BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Subcutaneous stem cell implantation in nude mice further confirmed that Hmox1 potentiated BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo. In contrast, Hmox1 reduced BMP9-induced adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. Although had no obvious effect on BMP9-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, Hmox1 enhanced phosphorylation of p38, and AKT, while decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, Hmox1 increased total β-catenin protein level, and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in C3H10T1/2 cells. Taken together, our study strongly suggests that Hmox1 is likely to potentiate osteogenic differentiation and yet decrease adipogenic differentiation induced by BMP9 possibly through regulation of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - TingTing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Department of Orthorpedic, Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Kim Y, Kim CS, Joe Y, Chung HT, Ha TY, Yu R. Quercetin Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1. J Med Food 2018; 21:551-559. [PMID: 29569982 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), upregulated in the obese condition, promotes protein degradation and is implicated in obesity-related skeletal muscle atrophy and age-related sarcopenia. Quercetin, a flavonoid, elicits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of quercetin on TNFα-induced skeletal muscle atrophy as well as its potential mechanism of action. In this study, we observed that quercetin suppressed expression of TNFα-induced atrophic factors such as MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in myotubes, and it enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein level accompanied by increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in myotubes. The HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP suppressed the inhibitory actions of quercetin on TNFα-induced atrophic responses and degradation of IκB-α in myotubes. Moreover, quercetin supplementation to high-fat diet-fed obese mice inhibited obesity-induced atrophic responses in skeletal muscle, accompanied by upregulation of HO-1 and inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and the quercetin actions were attenuated in Nrf2-deficient mice. These findings suggest that quercetin protects against TNFα-induced muscle atrophy under obese conditions through Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction accompanied by inactivation of NF-κB. Quercetin may be used as a dietary supplement to protect against obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan , Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan , Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- 2 Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan , Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- 2 Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan , Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- 3 Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute , Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan , Ulsan, South Korea
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Noninvasive Real-Time Characterization of Renal Clearance Kinetics in Diabetic Mice after Receiving Danshensu Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8267560. [PMID: 29670682 PMCID: PMC5833022 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8267560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Danshensu (DSS) is an active ingredient extracted from the root of the Danshen that could ameliorate oxidative stress via upregulation of heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1. Little is known about the treatment effects of DSS on kidney function in diabetic mice. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to characterize the renal clearance kinetics of IRdye800CW in db/db mice after DSS treatment. The secondary aim was to measure several biomarkers of renal function and oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostane, HO-1 in kidney and serum bilirubin). Fourteen db/db diabetic mice were randomly assigned into two groups and received either DSS treatment (DM + DSS) or vehicle treatment (DM). A third group that comprised of db/+ nondiabetic mice (non-DM control) received no DSS treatment and served as the nondiabetic control. At the end of a 3-week intervention period, serum and urinary biomarkers of renal function and oxidative stress were assessed and the renal clearance of IRdye800CW dye in all mice was determined noninvasively using Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. The major finding from this study suggested that DSS treatment in db/db mice improved renal clearance. Increased expression of HO-1 after DSS treatment also suggested that DSS might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for clinical intervention in diabetic nephropathy.
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Heme Oxygenase Induction Suppresses Hepatic Hepcidin and Rescues Ferroportin and Ferritin Expression in Obese Mice. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:4964571. [PMID: 29062571 PMCID: PMC5618758 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4964571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a phase II reactant secreted by hepatocytes, regulates cellular iron levels by increasing internalization of ferroportin-a transmembrane protein facilitating egress of cellular iron. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states, such as obesity, have been shown to increase oxidative stress and enhance hepcidin secretion from hepatocytes and macrophages. Heme-heme oxygenase (HO) is a stress response system which reduces oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of HO-1 induction on hepatic hepcidin levels and on iron homeostasis in hepatic tissues from lean and obese mice. Obese mice exhibited hyperglycemia (p < 0.05); increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6, p < 0.05); oxidative stress (p < 0.05); and increased hepatic hepcidin levels (p < 0.05). Enhancement of hepcidin was reflected in the reduced expression of ferroportin in obese mice (p < 0.05). However, this effect is accompanied by a significant decline in ferritin expression. Additionally, there are reduced insulin receptor phosphorylation and attenuation of metabolic regulators pAMPK, pAKT, and pLKB1. Cobalt protoporphyrin- (CoPP-) induced HO-1 upregulation in obese mice reversed these alterations (p < 0.05), while attenuating hepatic hepcidin levels. These effects of CoPP were prevented in obese mice concurrently exposed to an inhibitor of HO (SnMP) (p < 0.05). Our results highlight a modulatory effect of HO on iron homeostasis mediated through the suppression of hepatic hepcidin.
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Ghosh A, Gao L, Thakur A, Siu PM, Lai CWK. Role of free fatty acids in endothelial dysfunction. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:50. [PMID: 28750629 PMCID: PMC5530532 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acids levels are increased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes, playing detrimental roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence showing that dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of the blood vessels, is the key player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the roles and the underlying mechanisms using the evidence collected from clinical and experimental studies about free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Because of the multifaceted roles of plasma free fatty acids in mediating endothelial dysfunction, elevated free fatty acid level is now considered as an important link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction due to metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and obesity. Free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms including impaired insulin signaling and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and apoptosis in the endothelial cells. Therefore, targeting the signaling pathways involved in free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction could serve as a preventive approach to protect against the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent complications such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Parco M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Christopher W. K. Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
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Tsai YC, Yang BC, Peng WH, Lee YM, Yen MH, Cheng PY. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates anti-adipogenesis effect of raspberry ketone in 3T3-L1 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 31:11-17. [PMID: 28606512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by excessive accumulation of body fat and is closely related to complex metabolic diseases. Raspberry ketone (RK), a major aromatic compound in red raspberry, was recently reported to possess anti-obesity effects. However, its mechanisms are unclear. AIM Adipogenesis plays a critical role in obesity and, therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of action of RK on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in medium containing insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Adipocyte lipid contents were determined using oil-red O staining while adipogenic transcription factor and lipogenic protein expressions were determined using western blotting. RESULTS RK (300-400µM) strongly inhibited lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes. RK reduced the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expressions and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Wnt10b, and β-catenin expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, RK inhibited lipid accumulation, and adipogenic transcription factor and lipogenic protein expressions were all decreased by inhibiting HO-1 or β-catenin using tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) or β-catenin short-interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Furthermore, Wnt10b and β-catenin expressions were negatively regulation by SnPP. CONCLUSION RK may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the HO-1/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsiung Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abo El Gheit R, Emam MN. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 in early diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Int 2017; 103:413-427. [PMID: 28229631 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.4.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular diabetic complications. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 induction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early DN in rats. The diabetic rats were divided into three groups: STZ-diabetic, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP)-treated diabetic, and zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP)-treated diabetic groups. Compared to the STZ-diabetic group, CoPP-induced HO-1 upregulation improved the diabetic state and renal functional parameters, suppressed the renal proinflammatory marker, NF-κB, abrogated the elevated renal hydroxyprolin, and decreased the enhanced renal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity with parallel reduction of urinary oxidative stress markers. On the contrary, treatment with ZnPP abrogated HO-1 levels, aggravated the diabetic condition with further increases in renal oxidative stress, fibrotic and inflammatory markers, and exacerbated renal dysfunction in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that the reduced diabetic renal injury upon HO-1 induction implicates the role of HO-1 induction as a potential treatment for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abo El Gheit
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
| | - M N Emam
- 1 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University , Tanta, Egypt
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Hosick PA, Weeks MF, Hankins MW, Moore KH, Stec DE. Sex-Dependent Effects of HO-1 Deletion from Adipocytes in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030611. [PMID: 28287466 PMCID: PMC5372627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been demonstrated to decrease body weight and improve insulin sensitivity in several models of obesity in rodents. To further study the role of HO-1 in adipose tissue, we created an adipose-specific HO-1 knockout mouse model. Male and female mice were fed either a control or a high-fat diet for 30 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly and body composition, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were determined every six weeks. Adipocyte-specific knockout of HO-1 had no significant effect on body weight in mice fed a high-fat diet but increased body weight in female mice fed a normal-fat diet. Although body weights were not different in females fed a high fat diet, loss of HO-1 in adipocytes resulted in significant alterations in body composition. Adipose-specific HO-1 knockout resulted in increased fasting hyperglycemia and insulinemia in female but not male mice on both diets. Adipose-specific knockout of HO-1 resulted in a significant loss of HO activity and a decrease in the protein levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue. These results demonstrate that loss of HO-1 in adipocytes has greater effects on body fat and fasting hyperglycemia in a sex-dependent fashion and that expression of HO-1 in adipose tissue may have a greater protective role in females as compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hosick
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
| | - Mary Frances Weeks
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Michael W Hankins
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Kyle H Moore
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Wang Z, Ka SO, Lee Y, Park BH, Bae EJ. Butein induction of HO-1 by p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in adipocytes attenuates high-fat diet induced adipose hypertrophy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:201-210. [PMID: 28213287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are key components in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in adipocytes protects against obesity and adipose dysfunction. In this study, we report the identification of butein, a flavonoid chalcone, as a novel inducer of HO-1 expression in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. Butein upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, accompanied by Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein (Keap) 1 degradation and increase in the nuclear level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Butein modulation of Keap1 and Nrf2 as well as HO-1 upregulation was reversed by pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, indicating the involvement of p38 MAPK in butein activation of Nrf2 in adipocytes. In addition, HO-1 activation by butein led to the inhibitions of reactive oxygen species and adipocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the fact that butein repression of reactive oxygen species and adipogenesis was reversed by pretreatment with HO-1 inhibitor SnPP. Induction of HO-1 expression by butein was also demonstrated in the adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet administered along with butein for three weeks, and correlated with the inhibitions of adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation, which were reversed by co-administration of SnPP. Altogether, our results demonstrate that butein activates the p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to act as a potent inhibitor of adipose hypertrophy and inflammation in a diet-induced obesity model and thus has potential for suppressing obesity-linked metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-O Ka
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngyi Lee
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Kim CS, Choi HS, Joe Y, Chung HT, Yu R. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 with dietary quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatic inflammation through macrophage phenotype switching. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:623-628. [PMID: 27909560 PMCID: PMC5126412 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.6.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity-induced steatohepatitis accompanied by activated hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells facilitates the progression of hepatic fibrinogenesis and exacerbates metabolic derangements such as insulin resistance. Heme oxyganase-1 (HO-1) modulates tissue macrophage phenotypes and thus is implicated in protection against inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that the flavonoid quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatic inflammation by inducing HO-1, which promotes hepatic macrophage polarization in favor of the M2 phenotype. MATERIALS/METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a regular diet (RD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with quercetin (HF+Que, 0.5g/kg diet) for nine weeks. Inflammatory cytokines and macrophage markers were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. HO-1 protein was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Quercetin supplementation decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and increased that of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This was accompanied by upregulation of M2 macrophage marker genes (Arg-1, Mrc1) and downregulation of M1 macrophage marker genes (TNFα, NOS2). In co-cultures of lipid-laden hepatocytes and macrophages, treatment with quercetin induced HO-1 in the macrophages, markedly suppressed expression of M1 macrophage marker genes, and reduced release of MCP-1. Moreover, these effects of quercetin were blunted by an HO-1 inhibitor and deficiency of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin reduces obesity-induced hepatic inflammation by promoting macrophage phenotype switching. The beneficial effect of quercetin is associated with Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction. Quercetin may be a useful dietary factor for protecting against obesity-induced steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-ku, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-ku, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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Histing T, Andonyan A, Klein M, Scheuer C, Stenger D, Holstein JH, Veith NT, Pohlemann T, Menger MD. Obesity does not affect the healing of femur fractures in mice. Injury 2016; 47:1435-44. [PMID: 27156834 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is reported to be both protective and deleterious to bone. Lipotoxicity and inflammation might be responsible for bone loss through inhibition of osteoblasts and activation of osteoclasts. However, little is known whether obesity affects the process of fracture healing. Therefore, we studied the effect of high fat diet-induced (HFD) obesity on callus formation and bone remodelling in a closed femur fracture model in mice. Thirty-one mice were fed a diet containing 60kJ% fat (HFD) for a total of 20 weeks before fracture and during the entire postoperative observation period. Control mice (n=31) received a standard diet containing 10kJ% fat. Healing was analyzed using micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, serum and protein biochemical analysis at 2 and 4 weeks after fracture. HFD-fed mice showed a higher body weight and increased serum concentrations of leptin and interleukin-6 compared to controls. Within the callus tissue Western blot analyses revealed a higher expression of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) and a reduced expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. However, obesity did not affect the expression of BMP-2 and did not influence the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway during fracture healing. Although the bones of HFD-fed animals showed an increased number of adipocytes within the bone marrow, HFD did not increase callus adiposity. In addition, radiological and histomorphometric analysis could also not detect significant differences in bone formation between HFD-fed animals and controls. Accordingly, HFD did not affect bending stiffness after 2 and 4 weeks of healing. These findings indicate that obesity does not affect femur fracture healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - A Andonyan
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Klein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D Stenger
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J H Holstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - N T Veith
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - T Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M D Menger
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Stec DE, John K, Trabbic CJ, Luniwal A, Hankins MW, Baum J, Hinds TD. Bilirubin Binding to PPARα Inhibits Lipid Accumulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153427. [PMID: 27071062 PMCID: PMC4829185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical and population studies have demonstrated that increased serum bilirubin levels protect against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant, and the beneficial actions of moderate increases in plasma bilirubin have been thought to be due to the antioxidant effects of this bile pigment. In the present study, we found that bilirubin has a new function as a ligand for PPARα. We show that bilirubin can bind directly to PPARα and increase transcriptional activity. When we compared biliverdin, the precursor to bilirubin, on PPARα transcriptional activation to known PPARα ligands, WY 14,643 and fenofibrate, it showed that fenofibrate and biliverdin have similar activation properties. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with biliverdin suppressed lipid accumulation and upregulated PPARα target genes. We treated wild-type and PPARα KO mice on a high fat diet with fenofibrate or bilirubin for seven days and found that both signal through PPARα dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, the effect of bilirubin on lowering glucose and reducing body fat percentage was blunted in PPARα KO mice. These data demonstrate a new function for bilirubin as an agonist of PPARα, which mediates the protection from adiposity afforded by moderate increases in bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Stec
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, United States of America
| | - Kezia John
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Trabbic
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
- North American Science Associates, Inc. (NAMSA), 6750 Wales Rd, Northwood, Ohio, 43619, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Hankins
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, United States of America
| | - Justin Baum
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Hai C. Redox modulation of adipocyte differentiation: hypothesis of "Redox Chain" and novel insights into intervention of adipogenesis and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:99-125. [PMID: 26187871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, it is important to clearly understand how adipose tissue forms. Accumulating data from various laboratories implicate that redox status is closely associated with energy metabolism. Thus, biochemical regulation of the redox system may be an attractive alternative for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. In this work, we will review the current data detailing the role of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation, as well as identifying areas for further research. The redox system affects adipogenic differentiation in an extensive way. We propose that there is a complex and interactive "redox chain," consisting of a "ROS-generating enzyme chain," "combined antioxidant chain," and "transcription factor chain," which contributes to fine-tune the regulation of ROS level and subsequent biological consequences. The roles of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation are paradoxical. The redox system exerts a "tridimensional" mechanism in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, including transcriptional, epigenetic, and posttranslational modulations. We suggest that redoxomic techniques should be extensively applied to understand the biological effects of redox alterations in a more integrated way. A stable and standardized "redox index" is urgently needed for the evaluation of the general redox status. Therefore, more effort should be made to establish and maintain a general redox balance rather than to conduct simple prooxidant or antioxidant interventions, which have comprehensive implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Datta N, Lindfors S, Miura N, Saleem MA, Lehtonen S. Overexpression of transcription factor FOXC2 in cultured human podocytes upregulates injury markers and increases motility. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:32-42. [PMID: 26524507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes-related kidney diseases associate with renal failure and cardiovascular morbidity, and represent a major health issue worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to their development remain poorly understood. We observed increased expression of transcription factor FoxC2 in the podocytes of obese Zucker rats that are insulin resistant and albuminuric. We also found that depletion of adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone whose secretion is decreased in obesity, upregulated FOXC2 in differentiated human podocytes in vitro. Overexpression of FOXC2 in cultured human podocytes led to increased nuclear expression of FOXC2 associated with a change of cellular morphology. This was accompanied by upregulation of vimentin, a key mesenchymal marker, and active beta-catenin, associated with podocyte injury. We also observed re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton, disrupted localization of the tight junction protein ZO-1, and increased motility of podocytes overexpressing FOXC2. These data indicate that the expression of FOXC2 in podocytes needs to be tightly regulated, and that its overexpression induces a chain of cellular events leading to podocyte dysfunction. These changes may lead to podocyte detachment and depletion ultimately contributing to albuminuria. We also suggest a novel molecular mechanism linking obesity-induced decrease in adiponectin to podocyte dysfunction via upregulation of FOXC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Datta
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lindfors
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naoyuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Academic and Children's Renal Unit, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol BS1, United Kingdom
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Abraham NG, Junge JM, Drummond GS. Translational Significance of Heme Oxygenase in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:17-36. [PMID: 26515032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity continues unabated with sequelae of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review reflects the dramatic increase in research on the role of increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1/HO-2, biliverdin reductase, and HO activity on vascular disease. The HO system engages with other systems to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent reports indicate that HO-1/HO-2 protein expression and HO activity have several important roles in hemostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome. HO-1 protects tissue during inflammatory stress in obesity through the degradation of pro-oxidant heme and the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, both of which have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. By contrast, repression of HO-1 is associated with increases of cellular heme and inflammatory conditions including hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. HO-1 is a major focus in the development of potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the clinical complications of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Joshua M Junge
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - George S Drummond
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Sodhi K, Maxwell K, Yan Y, Liu J, Chaudhry MA, Getty M, Xie Z, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI. RETRACTED: pNaKtide inhibits Na/K-ATPase reactive oxygen species amplification and attenuates adipogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500781. [PMID: 26601314 PMCID: PMC4646828 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Oxidative stress is known to play a role in the generation and maintenance of an obesity phenotype in both isolated adipocytes and intact animals. Because we had identified that the Na/K-ATPase can amplify oxidant signaling, we speculated that a peptide designed to inhibit this pathway, pNaKtide, might ameliorate an obesity phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we first performed studies in isolated murine preadipocytes (3T3L1 cells) and found that pNaKtide attenuated oxidant stress and lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Complementary experiments in C57Bl6 mice fed a high-fat diet corroborated our in vitro observations. Administration of pNaKtide in these mice reduced body weight gain, restored systemic redox and inflammatory milieu, and, crucially, improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, we propose that inhibition of Na/K-ATPase amplification of oxidative stress may ultimately be a novel way to combat obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Kyle Maxwell
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Yanling Yan
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Muhammad A. Chaudhry
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Morghan Getty
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Zijian Xie
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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Yang M, Kimura M, Ng C, He J, Keshvari S, Rose FJ, Barclay JL, Whitehead JP. Induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) does not enhance adiponectin production in human adipocytes: Evidence against a direct HO-1 - Adiponectin axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:209-16. [PMID: 26143632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a salutary adipokine and hypoadiponectinemia is implicated in the aetiology of obesity-related inflammation and cardiometabolic disease making therapeutic strategies to increase adiponectin attractive. Emerging evidence, predominantly from preclinical studies, suggests induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases adiponectin production and reduces inflammatory tone. Here, we aimed to test whether induction of HO-1 enhanced adiponectin production from mature adipocytes. Treatment of human adipocytes with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or hemin for 24-48 h increased HO-1 expression and activity without affecting adiponectin expression and secretion. Treatment of adipocytes with TNFα reduced adiponectin secretion and increased expression and secretion of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and MCP-1, as well as expression of sXBP-1, a marker of ER stress. HO-1 induction failed to reverse these effects. These results demonstrate that induction of HO-1 does not directly enhance adiponectin production or ameliorate the pro-inflammatory effects of TNFα and argue against a direct HO-1 - adiponectin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Yang
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Choaping Ng
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jingjing He
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity J Rose
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Sodhi K, Puri N, Favero G, Stevens S, Meadows C, Abraham NG, Rezzani R, Ansinelli H, Lebovics E, Shapiro JI. Fructose Mediated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Is Attenuated by HO-1-SIRT1 Module in Murine Hepatocytes and Mice Fed a High Fructose Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128648. [PMID: 26098879 PMCID: PMC4476565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress underlies the etiopathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potent endogenous antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing oxidative stress. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) belongs to the family of NAD-dependent de-acyetylases and is modulated by cellular redox. Hypothesis We hypothesize that fructose-induced obesity creates an inflammatory and oxidative environment conducive to the development of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to determine whether HO-1 acts through SIRT1 to form a functional module within hepatocytes to attenuate steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cardiovascular dysfunction. Methods and Results We examined the effect of fructose, on hepatocyte lipid accumulation and fibrosis in murine hepatocytes and in mice fed a high fructose diet in the presence and absence of CoPP, an inducer of HO-1, and SnMP, an inhibitor of HO activity. Fructose increased oxidative stress markers and decreased HO-1 and SIRT1 levels in hepatocytes (p<0.05). Further fructose supplementation increased FAS, PPARα, pAMPK and triglycerides levels; CoPP negated this increase. Concurrent treatment with CoPP and SIRT1 siRNA in hepatocytes increased FAS, PPARα, pAMPK and triglycerides levels suggesting that HO-1 is upstream of SIRT1 and suppression of SIRT1 attenuates the beneficial effects of HO-1. A high fructose diet increased insulin resistance, blood pressure, markers of oxidative stress and lipogenesis along with fibrotic markers in mice (p<0.05). Increased levels of HO-1 increased SIRT1 levels and ameliorated fructose-mediated lipid accumulation and fibrosis in liver along with decreasing vascular dysfunction (p<0.05 vs. fructose). These beneficial effects of CoPP were reversed by SnMP. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrates, for the first time, that HO-1 induction attenuates fructose-induced hepatic lipid deposition, prevents the development of hepatic fibrosis and abates NAFLD-associated vascular dysfunction; effects that are mediated by activation of SIRT1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nitin Puri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gaia Favero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sarah Stevens
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Charles Meadows
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Gastroenterology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Hayden Ansinelli
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Edward Lebovics
- Departments of Medicine and Gastroenterology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
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Bilirubin Increases Insulin Sensitivity by Regulating Cholesterol Metabolism, Adipokines and PPARγ Levels. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9886. [PMID: 26017184 PMCID: PMC4446899 DOI: 10.1038/srep09886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can cause insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Moderate elevations in bilirubin levels have anti-diabetic effects. This study is aimed at determining the mechanisms by which bilirubin treatment reduces obesity and insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. DIO mice were treated with bilirubin or vehicle for 14 days. Body weights, plasma glucose, and insulin tolerance tests were performed prior to, immediately, and 7 weeks post-treatment. Serum lipid, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, total and direct bilirubin levels were measured. Expression of factors involved in adipose metabolism including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1), insulin receptor (IR), and PPARγ in liver were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Compared to controls, bilirubin-treated mice exhibited reductions in body weight, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), leptin, total and direct bilirubin, and increases in adiponectin and expression of SREBP-1, IR, and PPARγ mRNA. The improved metabolic control achieved by bilirubin-treated mice was persistent: at two months after treatment termination, bilirubin-treated DIO mice remained insulin sensitive with lower leptin and higher adiponectin levels, together with increased PPARγ expression. These results indicate that bilirubin regulates cholesterol metabolism, adipokines and PPARγ levels, which likely contribute to increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in DIO mice.
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Association of HMOX1 and NQO1 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome Components. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123313. [PMID: 25933176 PMCID: PMC4416764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is among the most important public health problems worldwide, and is recognized as a major risk factor for various illnesses, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, oxidative stress has been suggested as part of MetS aetiology. The heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) genes are crucial mediators of cellular defence against oxidative stress. In the present study, we analysed the associations of HMOX1 (GT)n and NQO1 C609T polymorphisms with MetS and its components. Our study population comprised 735 Mexican Mestizos unrelated volunteers recruited from different tertiary health institutions from Mexico City. In order to know the HMOX1 (GT)n and NQO1 C609T allele frequencies in Amerindians, we included a population of 241 Amerindian native speakers. Their clinical and demographic data were recorded. The HMOX1 (GT)n polymorphism was genotyped using PCR and fluorescence technology. NQO1 C609T polymorphism genotyping was performed using TaqMan probes. Short allele (<25 GT repeats) of the HMOX1 polymorphism was associated with high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the T allele of the NQO1 C609T polymorphism was associated with increased triglyceride levels and decreased HDL-c levels, but only in individuals with MetS. This is the first study to analyse the association between MetS and genes involved in oxidative stress among Mexican Mestizos. Our data suggest that polymorphisms of HMOX1 and NQO1 genes are associated with a high risk of metabolic disorders, including high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-c levels in Mexican Mestizo individuals.
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Increased Vitreous Heme Oxygenase Activity is Associated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Induction of heme oxygenase-1 with hemin reduces obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation via adipose macrophage phenotype switching. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:290708. [PMID: 25477711 PMCID: PMC4244973 DOI: 10.1155/2014/290708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose macrophages with the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype protect against obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which elicits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, modulates macrophage phenotypes and thus is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrate that the HO-1 inducer, hemin, protects against obesity-induced adipose inflammation by inducing macrophages to switch to the M2 phenotype. HO-1 induction by hemin reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) from cocultured adipocytes and macrophages by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory signaling molecules (JNK and NF-κB) in both cell types. Hemin enhanced transcript levels of M2 macrophage marker genes (IL-4, Mrc1, and Clec10a) in the cocultures, while reducing transcripts of M1 macrophage markers (CD274 and TNF-α). The protective effects of hemin on adipose inflammation and macrophage phenotype switching were confirmed in mice fed a high-fat diet, and these were associated with PPARγ upregulation and STAT6 activation. These findings suggest that induction of HO-1 with hemin protects against obesity-induced adipose inflammation through M2 macrophage phenotype switching, which is induced by the PPARγ and STAT6 pathway. HO-1 inducers such as hemin may be useful for preventing obesity-induced adipose inflammation.
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Su YF, Yang SH, Lee YH, Wu BC, Huang SC, Liu CM, Chen SL, Pan YF, Chou S, Chou MY, Yang HW. Aspirin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis was p53-dependent and associated with inactivation of pentose phosphate pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dullaart RP, Boersema J, Lefrandt JD, Wolffenbuttel BH, Bakker SJ. The inverse association of incident cardiovascular disease with plasma bilirubin is unaffected by adiponectin. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:380-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pötsch MS, Tschirner A, Palus S, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Beadle J, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Springer J. The anabolic catabolic transforming agent (ACTA) espindolol increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass in old rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:149-58. [PMID: 24272787 PMCID: PMC4053568 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-013-0125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, the age-related, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is a considerable socioeconomic burden by increasing risks of falls, fractures, and frailty. Moreover, sarcopenic patients are often obese and therapeutic options are very limited. METHODS Here, we assessed the efficacy of espindolol on muscle mass in 19-month-old male Wistar Han rats (weight, 555 ± 18 g), including safety issues. Rats were randomized to treatment with 3 mg/kg/day espindolol (n = 8) or placebo (n = 14) for 31 days. RESULTS Placebo-treated rats progressively lost body weight (-15.5 ± 7.2 g), lean mass (-1.5 ± 4.2 g), and fat mass (-15.6 ± 2.7 g), while espindolol treatment increased body weight (+8.0 ± 6.1 g, p < 0.05), particularly lean mass (+43.4 ± 3.5 g, p < 0.001), and reduced fat mass further (-38.6 ± 3.4 g, p < 0.001). Anabolic/catabolic signaling was assessed in gastrocnemius muscle. Espindolol decreased proteasome and caspase-3 proteolytic activities by approximately 50 % (all p < 0.05). Western blotting showed a reduced expression of key catabolic regulators, including NFκB, MuRF1, and LC-3 (all p < 0.01). The 50- and 26-kDa forms of myostatin were downregulated fivefold and 20-fold, respectively (both p < 0.001). Moreover, 4E-BP-1 was reduced fivefold (p < 0.01), while phospho-PI3K was upregulated fivefold (p < 0.001), although Akt expression and phosphorylation were lower compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). No regulation of p38 and expression of ERK1/2 were observed, while phosphorylation of p38 was reduced (-54 %, p < 0.001) and ERK1/2 was increased (115 and 83 %, respectively, both p < 0.01). Espindolol did not affect cardiac function (echocardiography) or clinical plasma parameters. CONCLUSION Espindolol reversed the effects of aging/sarcopenia, particularly loss of muscle mass and increased fat mass. Thus, espindolol is an attractive candidate drug for the treatment of sarcopenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike S Pötsch
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
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