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Kerins A, Butler P, Riley R, Koszyczarek M, Smith C, Cruickshank F, Madgula V, Naik N, Redinbo MR, Wilson ID. In vitro and in vivo studies on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the selective gut microbial β-glucuronidase targeting compound Inh 1. Xenobiotica 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38794972 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2357765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
In vitro studies using rat, mouse, and human microsomes and hepatocytes on the bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitor 1-((6,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)methyl)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiourea) (Inh 1) revealed extensive metabolism in all species.The intrinsic clearances of Inh 1 in human, mouse, and rat hepatic microsomes were 30.9, 67.8, and 201 µL/min/mg, respectively. For intact hepatocytes intrinsic clearances of 21.6, 96.0, and 129 µL/min/106 cells were seen for human, mouse and rat, respectively.The metabolism of Inh 1 involved an uncommon desulphurisation reaction in addition to oxidation, deethylation, and conjugation reactions at multiple sites. Six metabolites were detected in microsomal incubations in human and rat, and seven for the mouse. With hepatocytes, 18 metabolites were characterised, 9 for human, and 11 for mouse and rat.Following IV administration to mice (3 mg/kg), plasma concentrations of Inh 1 exhibited a monophasic decline with a terminal elimination half-life of 0.91 h and low systemic clearance (11.8% of liver blood flow). After PO dosing to mice (3 mg/kg), peak observed Inh 1 concentrations of 495 ng/mL were measured 0.5 h post dose, declining to under 10 ng/mL at 8 h post dose. The absolute oral bioavailability of Inh 1 in the mouse was ca. 26%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rob Riley
- Cyprotex Discovery, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Vamsi Madgula
- DMPK and Toxicology, Sai Life Sciences Limited, DS-7, ICICI Knowledge Park, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nilkanth Naik
- DMPK and Toxicology, Sai Life Sciences Limited, DS-7, ICICI Knowledge Park, Hyderabad, India
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, UK
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2
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Shin YC, Than N, Park SJ, Kim HJ. Bioengineered human gut-on-a-chip for advancing non-clinical pharmaco-toxicology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38849312 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2365254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing need for alternative models to advance current non-clinical experimental models because they often fail to accurately predict drug responses in clinical trials. Human organ-on-a-chip models have emerged as promising approaches for advancing the predictability of drug behaviors and responses. AREAS COVERED We summarize up-to-date human gut-on-a-chip models designed to demonstrate intricate interactions involving the host, microbiome, and pharmaceutical compounds since these models have been reported a decade ago. Our overview covers recent advances in gut-on-a-chip models as a bridge technology between non-clinical and clinical assessments of drug toxicity and metabolism. We highlight the promising potential of the gut-on-a-chip platforms, offering a reliable and valid framework for investigating the reciprocal crosstalk between the host, gut microbiome, and drugs. EXPERT OPINION Gut-on-a-chip platforms can attract multiple end users as a predictive, human-relevant, and non-clinical model. Notably, the gut-on-a-chip platforms provide a unique opportunity to recreate a human intestinal microenvironment, including dynamic bowel movement, luminal flow, oxygen gradient, host-microbiome interactions, and disease-specific manipulations restricted in current animal and in vitro cell culture models. Additionally, given the profound impact of the gut microbiome on pharmacological bioprocess, it is critical to leverage the breakthroughs of the gut-on-a-chip technology to address knowledge gaps and drive innovation in predictive drug toxicology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nam Than
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Bisaro F, Jackson-Litteken CD, McGuffey JC, Hooppaw AJ, Bodrog S, Jebeli L, Ortiz-Marquez JC, van Opijnen T, Scott NE, Di Venanzio G, Feldman MF. Diclofenac sensitizes multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to colistin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.17.594771. [PMID: 38798593 PMCID: PMC11118529 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.17.594771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes life-threatening infections that are becoming difficult to treat due to increasing rates of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among clinical isolates. This has led the World Health Organization and the CDC to categorize MDR A. baumannii as a top priority for the research and development of new antibiotics. Colistin is the last-resort antibiotic to treat carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii . Not surprisingly, reintroduction of colistin has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant strains. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. In this work, we show that diclofenac sensitizes colistin-resistant A. baumannii clinical strains to colistin, in vitro and in a murine model of pneumonia. Diclofenac also reduced the colistin MIC of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed an upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes and downregulation of type IV pili induced by the combination treatment. Notably, the concentrations of colistin and diclofenac effective in the murine model were substantially lower than those determined in vitro , implying a stronger synergistic effect in vivo compared to in vitro . A pilA mutant strain, lacking the primary component of the type IV pili, became sensitive to colistin in the absence of diclofenac. This suggest that the downregulation of type IV pili is key for the synergistic activity of these drugs in vivo and indicates that colistin and diclofenac exert an anti-virulence effect. Together, these results suggest that the diclofenac can be repurposed with colistin to treat MDR A. baumannii .
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Ratiner K, Ciocan D, Abdeen SK, Elinav E. Utilization of the microbiome in personalized medicine. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:291-308. [PMID: 38110694 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Inter-individual human variability, driven by various genetic and environmental factors, complicates the ability to develop effective population-based early disease detection, treatment and prognostic assessment. The microbiome, consisting of diverse microorganism communities including viruses, bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes colonizing human body surfaces, has recently been identified as a contributor to inter-individual variation, through its person-specific signatures. As such, the microbiome may modulate disease manifestations, even among individuals with similar genetic disease susceptibility risks. Information stored within microbiomes may therefore enable early detection and prognostic assessment of disease in at-risk populations, whereas microbiome modulation may constitute an effective and safe treatment tailored to the individual. In this Review, we explore recent advances in the application of microbiome data in precision medicine across a growing number of human diseases. We also discuss the challenges, limitations and prospects of analysing microbiome data for personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ratiner
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dragos Ciocan
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Division of Cancer-Microbiome Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Xia LJ, Wan L, Gao A, Yu YX, Zhou SY, He Q, Li G, Ren H, Lian XL, Zhao DH, Liao XP, Liu YH, Qiu W, Sun J. Targeted inhibition of gut bacterial β-glucuronidases by octyl gallate alleviates mycophenolate mofetil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130145. [PMID: 38382789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a viable therapeutic option against various immune disorders as a chemotherapeutic agent. Nevertheless, its application has been undermined by the gastrotoxic metabolites (mycophenolic acid glucuronide, MPAG) produced by microbiome-associated β-glucuronidase (βGUS). Therefore, controlling microbiota-produced βGUS underlines the potential strategy to improve MMF efficacy by overcoming the dosage limitation. In this study, the octyl gallate (OG) was identified with promising inhibitory activity on hydrolysis of PNPG in our high throughput screening based on a chemical collection of approximately 2000 natural products. Furthermore, OG was also found to inhibit a broad spectrum of BGUSs, including mini-Loop1, Loop 2, mini-Loop 2, and mini-Loop1,2. The further in vivo experiments demonstrated that administration of 20 mg/kg OG resulted in predominant reduction in the activity of BGUSs while displayed no impact on the overall fecal microbiome in mice. Furthermore, in the MMF-induced colitis model, the administration of OG at a dosage of 20 mg/kg effectively mitigated the gastrointestinal toxicity, and systematically reverted the colitis phenotypes. These findings indicate that the OG holds promising clinical potential for the prevention of MMF-induced gastrointestinal toxicity by inhibition of BGUSs and could be developed as a combinatorial therapy with MFF for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Xia
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong-Xin Yu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gong Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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6
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Mohamed ME, Saqr A, Staley C, Onyeaghala G, Teigen L, Dorr CR, Remmel RP, Guan W, Oetting WS, Matas AJ, Israni AK, Jacobson PA. Pharmacomicrobiomics: Immunosuppressive Drugs and Microbiome Interactions in Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00663. [PMID: 38361239 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome is associated with human health and disease. Exogenous compounds, including pharmaceutical products, are also known to be affected by the microbiome, and this discovery has led to the field of pharmacomicobiomics. The microbiome can also alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, possibly resulting in side effects, toxicities, and unanticipated disease response. Microbiome-mediated effects are referred to as drug-microbiome interactions (DMI). Rapid advances in the field of pharmacomicrobiomics have been driven by the availability of efficient bacterial genome sequencing methods and new computational and bioinformatics tools. The success of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile has fueled enthusiasm and research in the field. This review focuses on the pharmacomicrobiome in transplantation. Alterations in the microbiome in transplant recipients are well documented, largely because of prophylactic antibiotic use, and the potential for DMI is high. There is evidence that the gut microbiome may alter the pharmacokinetic disposition of tacrolimus and result in microbiome-specific tacrolimus metabolites. The gut microbiome also impacts the enterohepatic recirculation of mycophenolate, resulting in substantial changes in pharmacokinetic disposition and systemic exposure. The mechanisms of these DMI and the specific bacteria or communities of bacteria are under investigation. There are little or no human DMI data for cyclosporine A, corticosteroids, and sirolimus. The available evidence in transplantation is limited and driven by small studies of heterogeneous designs. Larger clinical studies are needed, but the potential for future clinical application of the pharmacomicrobiome in avoiding poor outcomes is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz E Mohamed
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Abdelrahman Saqr
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Guillaume Onyeaghala
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Levi Teigen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN
| | - Casey R Dorr
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Rory P Remmel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - William S Oetting
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Arthur J Matas
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ajay K Israni
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Pamala A Jacobson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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7
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Verdegaal AA, Goodman AL. Integrating the gut microbiome and pharmacology. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg8357. [PMID: 38295186 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg8357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome harbors trillions of organisms that contribute to human health and disease. These bacteria can also affect the properties of medical drugs used to treat these diseases, and drugs, in turn, can reshape the microbiome. Research addressing interdependent microbiome-host-drug interactions thus has broad impact. In this Review, we discuss these interactions from the perspective of drug bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, excretion, toxicity, and drug-mediated microbiome modulation. We survey approaches that aim to uncover the mechanisms underlying these effects and opportunities to translate this knowledge into new strategies to improve the development, administration, and monitoring of medical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Verdegaal
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
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Wang S, Argikar UA, Cheruzel L, Cho S, Crouch RD, Dhaware D, Heck CJS, Johnson KM, Kalgutkar AS, King L, Liu J, Ma B, Maw H, Miller GP, Seneviratne HK, Takahashi RH, Wei C, Khojasteh SC. Bioactivation and reactivity research advances - 2022 year in review‡. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:267-300. [PMID: 37608698 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2244193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
With the 50th year mark since the launch of Drug Metabolism and Disposition journal, the field of drug metabolism and bioactivation has advanced exponentially in the past decades (Guengerich 2023).This has, in a major part, been due to the continued advances across the whole spectrum of applied technologies in hardware, software, machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI). LC-MS platforms continue to evolve to support key applications in the field, and automation is also improving the accuracy, precision, and throughput of these supporting assays. In addition, sample generation and processing is being aided by increased diversity and quality of reagents and bio-matrices so that what is being analyzed is more relevant and translatable. The application of in silico platforms (applied software, ML, and AI) is also making great strides, and in tandem with the more traditional approaches mentioned previously, is significantly advancing our understanding of bioactivation pathways and how these play a role in toxicity. All of this continues to allow the area of bioactivation to evolve in parallel with associated fields to help bring novel or improved medicines to patients with urgent or unmet needs.Shuai Wang and Cyrus Khojasteh, on behalf of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Non-clinical Development, Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lionel Cheruzel
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sungjoon Cho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Carley J S Heck
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Inotiv, Maryland Heights, MO, USA
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lloyd King
- Quantitative Drug Discovery, UCB Biopharma UK, Slough, UK
| | - Joyce Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hlaing Maw
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Herana Kamal Seneviratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cai J, Auster A, Cho S, Lai Z. Dissecting the human gut microbiome to better decipher drug liability: A once-forgotten organ takes center stage. J Adv Res 2023; 52:171-201. [PMID: 37419381 PMCID: PMC10555929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is a diverse system within the gastrointestinal tract composed of trillions of microorganisms (gut microbiota), along with their genomes. Accumulated evidence has revealed the significance of the gut microbiome in human health and disease. Due to its ability to alter drug/xenobiotic pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcomes, this once-forgotten "metabolic organ" is receiving increasing attention. In parallel with the growing microbiome-driven studies, traditional analytical techniques and technologies have also evolved, allowing researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the functional and mechanistic effects of gut microbiome. AIM OF REVIEW From a drug development perspective, microbial drug metabolism is becoming increasingly critical as new modalities (e.g., degradation peptides) with potential microbial metabolism implications emerge. The pharmaceutical industry thus has a pressing need to stay up-to-date with, and continue pursuing, research efforts investigating clinical impact of the gut microbiome on drug actions whilst integrating advances in analytical technology and gut microbiome models. Our review aims to practically address this need by comprehensively introducing the latest innovations in microbial drug metabolism research- including strengths and limitations, to aid in mechanistically dissecting the impact of the gut microbiome on drug metabolism and therapeutic impact, and to develop informed strategies to address microbiome-related drug liability and minimize clinical risk. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We present comprehensive mechanisms and co-contributing factors by which the gut microbiome influences drug therapeutic outcomes. We highlight in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models for elucidating the mechanistic role and clinical impact of the gut microbiome on drugs in combination with high-throughput, functionally oriented, and physiologically relevant techniques. Integrating pharmaceutical knowledge and insight, we provide practical suggestions to pharmaceutical scientists for when, why, how, and what is next in microbial studies for improved drug efficacy and safety, and ultimately, support precision medicine formulation for personalized and efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Alexis Auster
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sungjoon Cho
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Fernández-Murga ML, Gil-Ortiz F, Serrano-García L, Llombart-Cussac A. A New Paradigm in the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Breast Cancer: β-glucuronidase Enzyme Identified as Potential Therapeutic Target. Pathogens 2023; 12:1086. [PMID: 37764894 PMCID: PMC10535898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the second cancer-specific cause of mortality in women in developed countries. Over 70% of the total number of BCs are hormone receptor-positive (HR+), and elevated levels of circulating estrogen (E) in the blood have been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of HR+ BC. This is attributable to estrogen's contribution to increased cancer cell proliferation, stimulation of angiogenesis and metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The E metabolism-gut microbiome axis is functional, with subjacent individual variations in the levels of E. It is conceivable that the estrobolome (bacterial genes whose products metabolize E) may contribute to the risk of malignant neoplasms of hormonal origin, including BC, and may serve as a potential biomarker and target. It has been suggested that β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes of the intestinal microbiome participate in the strobolome. In addition, it has been proposed that bacterial GUS enzymes from the gastrointestinal tract participate in hormone BC. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge about the role of the GUS enzyme in the pathogenesis of BC, focusing on (i) the microbiome and E metabolism; (ii) diet, estrobolome, and BC development; (iii) other activities of the bacterial GUS; and (iv) the new molecular targets for BC therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Liria, FISABIO, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | | | - Lucía Serrano-García
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Liria, FISABIO, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Liria, FISABIO, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
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11
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Lietzan AD, Simpson JB, Walton WG, Jariwala PB, Xu Y, Boynton MH, Liu J, Redinbo MR. Microbial β-glucuronidases drive human periodontal disease etiology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3390. [PMID: 37146137 PMCID: PMC10162664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with persistent oral microbial dysbiosis. The human β-glucuronidase (GUS) degrades constituents of the periodontium and is used as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. However, the human microbiome also encodes GUS enzymes, and the role of these factors in periodontal disease is poorly understood. Here, we define the 53 unique GUSs in the human oral microbiome and examine diverse GUS orthologs from periodontitis-associated pathogens. Oral bacterial GUS enzymes are more efficient polysaccharide degraders and processers of biomarker substrates than the human enzyme, particularly at pHs associated with disease progression. Using a microbial GUS-selective inhibitor, we show that GUS activity is reduced in clinical samples obtained from individuals with untreated periodontitis and that the degree of inhibition correlates with disease severity. Together, these results establish oral GUS activity as a biomarker that captures both host and microbial contributions to periodontitis, facilitating more efficient clinical monitoring and treatment paradigms for this common inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Lietzan
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua B. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William G. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Parth B. Jariwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marcella H. Boynton
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Purdel C, Ungurianu A, Adam-Dima I, Margină D. Exploring the potential impact of probiotic use on drug metabolism and efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114468. [PMID: 36868015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are frequently consumed as functional food and widely used as dietary supplements, but are also recommended in treating or preventing various gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, their co-administration with other drugs is sometimes unavoidable or even compulsory. Recent technological developments in the pharmaceutical industry permitted the development of novel drug-delivery systems for probiotics, allowing their addition to the therapy of severely ill patients. Literature data regarding the changes that probiotics could impose on the efficacy or safety of chronic medication is scarce. In this context, the present paper aims to review probiotics currently recommended by the international medical community, to evaluate the relationship between gut microbiota and various pathologies with high impact worldwide and, most importantly, to assess the literature reports concerning the ability of probiotics to influence the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of some widely used drugs, especially for those with narrow therapeutic indexes. A better understanding of the potential influence of probiotics on drug metabolism, efficacy and safety could contribute to improving therapy management, facilitating individualized therapy and updating treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Purdel
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Traian Vuia 6, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Traian Vuia 6, Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Ines Adam-Dima
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Traian Vuia 6, Bucharest 020956, Romania
| | - Denisa Margină
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Traian Vuia 6, Bucharest 020956, Romania
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13
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Sharma S, Hegde P, Panda S, Orimoloye MO, Aldrich CC. Drugging the microbiome: targeting small microbiome molecules. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 71:102234. [PMID: 36399893 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome represents a large and diverse collection of microbes that plays an integral role in human physiology and pathophysiology through interactions with the host and within the microbial community. While early work exploring links between microbiome signatures and diseases states has been associative, emerging evidence demonstrates the metabolic products of the human microbiome have more proximal causal effects on disease phenotypes. The therapeutic implications of this shift are profound as manipulation of the microbiome by the administration of live biotherapeutics, ongoing, can now be pursued alongside research efforts toward describing inhibitors of key microbiome enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of metabolites implicated in various disease states and processing of host-derived metabolites. With growing interest in 'drugging the microbiome', we review few notable microbial metabolites for which traditional drug-development campaigns have yielded compounds with therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pooja Hegde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Subhankar Panda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Moyosore O Orimoloye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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14
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Letertre MPM, Bhatt AP, Harvey M, Nicholson JK, Wilson ID, Redinbo MR, Swann JR. Characterizing the metabolic effects of the selective inhibition of gut microbial β-glucuronidases in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17435. [PMID: 36261446 PMCID: PMC9581996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of xenobiotic glucuronides by gut bacterial glucuronidases reactivates previously detoxified compounds resulting in severe gut toxicity for the host. Selective bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitors can mitigate this toxicity but their impact on wider host metabolic processes has not been studied. To investigate this the inhibitor 4-(8-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,2,3]triazino[4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-yl)morpholine (UNC10201652, Inh 9) was administered to mice to selectively inhibit a narrow range of bacterial β-glucuronidases in the gut. The metabolomic profiles of the intestinal contents, biofluids, and several tissues involved in the enterohepatic circulation were measured and compared to control animals. No biochemical perturbations were observed in the plasma, liver or gall bladder. In contrast, the metabolite profiles of urine, colon contents, feces and gut wall were altered compared to the controls. Changes were largely restricted to compounds derived from gut microbial metabolism. This work establishes that inhibitors targeted towards bacterial β-glucuronidases modulate the functionality of the intestinal microbiota without adversely impacting the host metabolic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine P M Letertre
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes Université, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael Harvey
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biocemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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15
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Jardou M, Brossier C, Guiyedi K, Faucher Q, Lawson R. Pharmacological hypothesis: A recombinant probiotic for taming bacterial β-glucuronidase in drug-induced enteropathy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00998. [PMID: 36082825 PMCID: PMC9460963 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in pharmacomicrobiomics have shed light on the pathophysiology of drug‐induced enteropathy associated with the therapeutic use of certain non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, anticancer chemotherapies and immunosuppressants. The toxicity pathway results from the post‐glucuronidation release and digestive accumulation of an aglycone generated in the context of intestinal dysbiosis characterized by the expansion of β‐glucuronidase‐expressing bacteria. The active aglycone could trigger direct or indirect inflammatory signaling on the gut epithelium. Therefore, taming bacterial β‐glucuronidase (GUS) activity is a druggable target for preventing drug‐induced enteropathy. In face of the limitations of antibiotic strategies that can worsen intestinal dysbiosis and impair immune functions, we hereby propose the use of a recombinant probiotic capable of mimicking repressive conditions of GUS through an inducible plasmid vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jardou
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Clarisse Brossier
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Kenza Guiyedi
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Quentin Faucher
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Roland Lawson
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
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16
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Wang S, Wang MY, Shi YF, Han F, Ye HL, Cai YQ, Wu D, Tian LL, Zhang X, Tang YY. Identification of 2,2',4,5,5'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101) metabolites and their transmission characteristics in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119583. [PMID: 35680065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been attracting global concern due to their persistence and toxicity. However, the study on the metabolites of PCBs in freshwater fish is limited. In this study, the metabolites of 2,2',4,5,5'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101) in silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) were identified for the first time. After intraperitoneal injection of PCB101 (2 mg/kg), the results showed that it could be metabolized to at least three types of metabolites, including hydroxylated (OH-), methoxylated (MeO-) and methyl sulfonated (MeSO2-) PCB101. The OH- metabolites identified in most tissues were 3-OH-PCB101and 4-OH-PCB101, such as liver, gallbladder, blood and muscle. MeSO2- metabolites identified in gallbladder, blood and brain were 3-MeSO2-PCB101 and 4-MeSO2-PCB101. Meanwhile, the MeO- metabolite identified in liver, gallbladder, blood and spleen of silver crucian carp was 4-MeO-PCB101. The investigation of the types and structures of PCB101 and its metabolites, as well as the tissue distribution and accumulation characteristics in silver crucian carp are beneficial to understand the transformation and metabolic mechanisms of PCBs in aquatic organisms. It is of great significance to identify potential pollution hazards of precursor compounds and their metabolites on aquatic products and ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Linquan County Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection Station, Linquan, Anhui province, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yong-Fu Shi
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hong-Li Ye
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - You-Qiong Cai
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Di Wu
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Liang-Liang Tian
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yun-Yu Tang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, No. 300 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200090, China
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17
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Kerins A, Koszyczarek M, Smith C, Butler P, Riley R, Madgula V, Naik N, Redinbo MR, Wilson ID. The in vitro metabolism and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitor UNC10201652. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:904-915. [PMID: 36149349 PMCID: PMC10044449 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2128468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro incubation of the bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibitor UNC10201652 (4-(8-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1,2,3]triazino[4',5':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-yl)morpholine) with mouse, rat, and human liver microsomes and hepatocytes generated metabolites at multiple sites via deethylations, oxidations and glucuronidation.Two UNC10201652 metabolites were detected in human, and four in mouse and rat liver microsomal incubations. Intrinsic clearances of UNC10201652 in human, mouse, and rat liver microsomes were 48.1, 115, and 194 µL/min/mg respectively.Intrinsic clearances for human, mouse, and rat hepatocytes were 20.9, 116, and 140 µL/min/106 cells respectively and 24 metabolites were characterised: 9 for human and 11 for both rodent species.Plasma clearance was 324.8 mL/min/kg with an elimination half-life of 0.66 h following IV administration of UNC10201652 to Swiss Albino mice (3 mg/kg). Pre-treatment with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) decreased clearance to 127.43 mL/min/kg, increasing the t1/2 to 3.66 h.Comparison of profiles after oral administration of UNC10201652 to control and pre-treated mice demonstrated a large increase in Cmax (from 15.2 ng/mL to 184.0 ng/mL), a delay in Tmax from 0.25 to 1 h and increased AUC from 20.1 to 253 h ng/ml. ABT pre-treatment increased oral bioavailability from 15% to >100% suggesting that CYP450's contributed significantly to UNC10201652 clearance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rob Riley
- Cyprotex Discovery, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Vamsi Madgula
- DMPK and Toxicology, Sai Life Sciences Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nilkanth Naik
- DMPK and Toxicology, Sai Life Sciences Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Biophysics, and Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, UK
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18
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Morgan EW, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Multi-Omics Strategies for Investigating the Microbiome in Toxicology Research. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:189-213. [PMID: 35285497 PMCID: PMC9154275 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities on and within the host contact environmental pollutants, toxic compounds, and other xenobiotic compounds. These communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea possess diverse metabolic potential to catabolize compounds and produce new metabolites. Microbes alter chemical disposition thus making the microbiome a natural subject of interest for toxicology. Sequencing and metabolomics technologies permit the study of microbiomes altered by acute or long-term exposure to xenobiotics. These investigations have already contributed to and are helping to re-interpret traditional understandings of toxicology. The purpose of this review is to provide a survey of the current methods used to characterize microbes within the context of toxicology. This will include discussion of commonly used techniques for conducting omic-based experiments, their respective strengths and deficiencies, and how forward-looking techniques may address present shortcomings. Finally, a perspective will be provided regarding common assumptions that currently impede microbiome studies from producing causal explanations of toxicologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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19
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Challa AP, Hu X, Zhang YQ, Hymes J, Wallace BD, Karavadhi S, Sun H, Patnaik S, Hall MD, Shen M. Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Microbiome β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors to Alleviate Cancer Drug Toxicity. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1783-1793. [PMID: 35357819 PMCID: PMC9853918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potency of most first-line anti-cancer drugs, nonadherence to these drug regimens remains high and is attributable to the prevalence of "off-target" drug effects that result in serious adverse events (SAEs) like hair loss, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Some anti-cancer drugs are converted by liver uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases through homeostatic host metabolism to form drug-glucuronide conjugates. These sugar-conjugated metabolites are generally inactive and can be safely excreted via the biliary system into the gastrointestinal tract. However, β-glucuronidase (βGUS) enzymes expressed by commensal gut bacteria can remove the glucuronic acid moiety, producing the reactivated drug and triggering dose-limiting side effects. Small-molecule βGUS inhibitors may reduce this drug-induced gut toxicity, allowing patients to complete their full course of treatment. Herein, we report the discovery of novel chemical series of βGUS inhibitors by structure-based virtual high-throughput screening (vHTS). We developed homology models for βGUS and applied them to large-scale vHTS against nearly 400,000 compounds within the chemical libraries of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences at the National Institutes of Health. From the vHTS results, we cherry-picked 291 compounds via a multifactor prioritization procedure, providing 69 diverse compounds that exhibited positive inhibitory activity in a follow-up βGUS biochemical assay in vitro. Our findings correspond to a hit rate of 24% and could inform the successful downstream development of a therapeutic adjunct that targets the human microbiome to prevent SAEs associated with first-line, standard-of-care anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup P. Challa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37212
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA 37203
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Jeffrey Hymes
- Symberix, Inc., 4819 Emperor Blvd., Suite 400, Durham, NC, USA 27703
| | - Bret D. Wallace
- Symberix, Inc., 4819 Emperor Blvd., Suite 400, Durham, NC, USA 27703
| | - Surendra Karavadhi
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA 20850
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20
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Zhang M, Xia F, Xia S, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao K, Feng L, Dong R, Tian D, Yu Y, Liao J. NSAID-Associated Small Intestinal Injury: An Overview From Animal Model Development to Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818877. [PMID: 35222032 PMCID: PMC8864225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the wide application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), their gastrointestinal side effects are an urgent health burden. There are currently sound preventive measures for upper gastrointestinal injury, however, there is a lack of effective defense against lower gastrointestinal damage. According to a large number of previous animal experiments, a variety of NSAIDs have been demonstrated to induce small intestinal mucosal injury in vivo. This article reviews the descriptive data on the administration dose, administration method, mucosal injury site, and morphological characteristics of inflammatory sites of various NSAIDs. The cells, cytokines, receptors and ligands, pathways, enzyme inhibition, bacteria, enterohepatic circulation, oxidative stress, and other potential pathogenic factors involved in NSAID-associated enteropathy are also reviewed. We point out the limitations of drug modeling at this stage and are also pleased to discover the application prospects of chemically modified NSAIDs, dietary therapy, and many natural products against intestinal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Suhong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangdong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruonan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiazhi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Zhang J, Walker ME, Sanidad KZ, Zhang H, Liang Y, Zhao E, Chacon-Vargas K, Yeliseyev V, Parsonnet J, Haggerty TD, Wang G, Simpson JB, Jariwala PB, Beaty VV, Yang J, Yang H, Panigrahy A, Minter LM, Kim D, Gibbons JG, Liu L, Li Z, Xiao H, Borlandelli V, Overkleeft HS, Cloer EW, Major MB, Goldfarb D, Cai Z, Redinbo MR, Zhang G. Microbial enzymes induce colitis by reactivating triclosan in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Nat Commun 2022; 13:136. [PMID: 35013263 PMCID: PMC8748916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research supports that triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent found in thousands of consumer products, exacerbates colitis and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in animal models. While the intestinal toxicities of TCS require the presence of gut microbiota, the molecular mechanisms involved have not been defined. Here we show that intestinal commensal microbes mediate metabolic activation of TCS in the colon and drive its gut toxicology. Using a range of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches, we identify specific microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes involved and pinpoint molecular motifs required to metabolically activate TCS in the gut. Finally, we show that targeted inhibition of bacterial GUS enzymes abolishes the colitis-promoting effects of TCS, supporting an essential role of specific microbial proteins in TCS toxicity. Together, our results define a mechanism by which intestinal microbes contribute to the metabolic activation and gut toxicity of TCS, and highlight the importance of considering the contributions of the gut microbiota in evaluating the toxic potential of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Morgan E Walker
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Hongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ermin Zhao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Yeliseyev
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiota Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas D Haggerty
- Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Joshua B Simpson
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parth B Jariwala
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Violet V Beaty
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Anand Panigrahy
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - John G Gibbons
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - LinShu Liu
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Erica W Cloer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute for Informatics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Schupack DA, Mars RAT, Voelker DH, Abeykoon JP, Kashyap PC. The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:7-25. [PMID: 34453142 PMCID: PMC8712374 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability in disease presentation, progression and treatment response has been a central challenge in medicine. Although variability in host factors and genetics are important, it has become evident that the gut microbiome, with its vast genetic and metabolic diversity, must be considered in moving towards individualized treatment. In this Review, we discuss six broad disease groups: infectious disease, cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune or inflammatory disease, and allergic and atopic diseases. We highlight current knowledge on the gut microbiome in disease pathogenesis and prognosis, efficacy, and treatment-related adverse events and its promise for stratifying existing treatments and as a source of novel therapies. The Review is not meant to be comprehensive for each disease state but rather highlights the potential implications of the microbiome as a tool to individualize treatment strategies in clinical practice. Although early, the outlook is optimistic but challenges need to be overcome before clinical implementation, including improved understanding of underlying mechanisms, longitudinal studies with multiple data layers reflecting gut microbiome and host response, standardized approaches to testing and reporting, and validation in larger cohorts. Given progress in the microbiome field with concurrent basic and clinical studies, the microbiome will likely become an integral part of clinical care within the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Schupack
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruben A T Mars
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dayne H Voelker
- Division of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jithma P Abeykoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna C Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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23
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Dhurjad P, Dhavaliker C, Gupta K, Sonti R. Exploring drug metabolism by the gut microbiota: modes of metabolism and experimental approaches. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:224-234. [PMID: 34969660 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence uncovers the involvement of gut microbiota in the metabolism of numerous pharmaceutical drugs. The human gut microbiome harbours 10-100 trillion symbiotic gut microbial bacteria that utilize drugs as substrates for enzymatic processes to alter host metabolism. Thus, microbiota-mediated drug metabolism can change the conventional drug action course and cause inter-individual differences in efficacy and toxicity, making it vital for drug discovery and development. This review focuses on drug biotransformation pathways and discusses different models for evaluating gut microbiota role in drug metabolism. Significance Statement This review emphasizes the importance of gut microbiota and different modes of drug metabolism mediated by them. It provides information on in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, in silico and multi-omics approaches for identifying the role of gut microbiota in the metabolism. Further, it highlights the significance of gut microbiota mediated metabolism in the process of new drug discovery and development as a rationale for safe and efficacious drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhurjad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chinmayi Dhavaliker
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kajal Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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24
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Zhang L, Chu CQ. Gut Microbiota-Medication Interaction in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:796865. [PMID: 34925383 PMCID: PMC8678121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its contribution to the development of rheumatic diseases, the gut microbiota interact with anti-rheumatic drugs. The intestinal microbiota can directly metabolize many drugs and indirectly change drug metabolism through a complex multi-dimensional interaction with the host, thus affecting individual response to drug therapy and adverse effects. The focus of the current review is to address recent advances and important progress in our understanding of how the gut microbiota interact with anti-rheumatic drugs and provide perspectives on promoting precision treatment, drug discovery, and better therapy for rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
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25
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Yue B, Gao R, Lv C, Yu Z, Wang H, Geng X, Wang Z, Dou W. Berberine Improves Irinotecan-Induced Intestinal Mucositis Without Impairing the Anti-colorectal Cancer Efficacy of Irinotecan by Inhibiting Bacterial β-glucuronidase. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774560. [PMID: 34795594 PMCID: PMC8593678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT11), a broad-spectrum cytotoxic anticancer agent, induces a series of toxic side-effects. The most conspicuous side-effect is gastrointestinal mucositis, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. A growing body of evidence indicates that bacteria β-glucuronidase (GUS), an enzyme expressed by intestinal microbiota, converts the inactive CPT11 metabolite SN38G to the active metabolite SN38 to ultimately induce intestinal mucositis. We sought to explore the potential efficacy and underlying mechanisms of berberine on CPT11-induced mucositis. Our study showed that berberine (50 mg/kg; i. g.) mitigated the CPT11-induced loss of mucosal architecture, ulceration, and neutrophil infiltration. Meanwhile, berberine improved mucosal barrier function by increasing the number of globlet cells, protecting trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), reducing permeability and increasing tight junction proteins expression. LC-MS analysis showed that berberine decreased the content of SN38 in feces, which correlated with decreases in both GUS activity and GUS-producing bacteria. Further molecular docking and Lineweaver-Burk plots analyses suggested that berberine functions as a potential non-competitive inhibitor against GUS enzyme. Of note, berberine maintained the anti-tumor efficacy of CPT11 in a tumor xenograft model while abrogating the intestinal toxicity of CPT11. Overall, we identified for the first time the remission effects of berberine on intestinal mucositis induced by CPT11 without impairing the anti-colorectal cancer efficacy of CPT11 partially via inhibiting bacterial GUS enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyang Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilun Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Geng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
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26
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Bai Y, Chen L, Wang PP, Tang YQ, Wu DC, Zhang CL, Zhou Q, Yan R, Hou J. Discovery of a naturally occurring broad-spectrum inhibitor against gut bacterial β-glucuronidases from Ginkgo biloba. Food Funct 2021; 12:11190-11201. [PMID: 34668903 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacterial β-glucuronidases (GUS) play an important role in deconjugation of various O-glucuronides, which are tightly linked with the drug-induced intestinal toxicity. Increasing evidence has indicated that inhibition of bacterial GUS could alleviate GUS-associated intestinal toxicity, but the potent and broad-spectrum inhibitors against multiple bacterial GUS have been rarely reported. This study aimed to find potent and broad-spectrum GUS inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba. It was found that amentoflavone displayed relatively strong inhibition on three GUS including CpGUS, SpasGUS and EcGUS. Further investigations demonstrated that amentoflavone could inhibit GUS-mediated PNPG hydrolysis in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 2.36 μM, 2.88 μM and 3.43 μM for CpGUS, SpasGUS and EcGUS, respectively. Inhibition kinetic studies showed that amentoflavone functioned as a non-competitive inhibitor against all tested GUS with Ki values of less than 2 μM. Docking simulations indicated that amentoflavone could tightly bind on allosteric sites of three GUS mainly via hydrogen bonding interactions, and the number of hydroxyl groups of amentoflavone played crucial roles in these interactions. Collectively, our findings suggested that amentoflavone was a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor against bacterial GUS, which can be used as a promising lead compound for developing novel agents to alleviate GUS-associated intestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Pan-Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao.
| | - Yu-Qiang Tang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Da-Chang Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Cui-Li Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao.
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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27
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Sathishkumar P, Mohan K, Meena RAA, Balasubramanian M, Chitra L, Ganesan AR, Palvannan T, Brar SK, Gu FL. Hazardous impact of diclofenac on mammalian system: Mitigation strategy through green remediation approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126135. [PMID: 34157463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic. It is often detected in various environmental sources around the world and is considered as one of the emerging contaminants (ECs). This paper reviews the distribution of diclofenac at high concentrations in diverse environments and its adverse ecological impact. Recent studies observed strong evidence of the hazardous effect of diclofenac on mammals, including humans. Diclofenac could cause gastrointestinal complications, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, genotoxicity, teratogenicity, bone fractures, and skin allergy in mammals even at a low concentration. Collectively, this comprehensive review relates the mode of toxicity, level of exposure, and route of administration as a unique approach for addressing the destructive consequence of diclofenac in mammalian systems. Finally, the mitigation strategy to eradicate the diclofenac toxicity through green remediation is critically discussed. This review will undoubtedly shed light on the toxic effects of pseudo-persistent diclofenac on mammals as well as frame stringent guidelines against its common usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kannan Mohan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Vasavi College, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638 316, India
| | | | - Murugesan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Chitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Ramu Ganesan
- Group of Fermentation and Distillation, Laimburg Research Center, Vadena (BZ), Italy
| | | | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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28
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Hur B, Gupta VK, Huang H, Wright KA, Warrington KJ, Taneja V, Davis JM, Sung J. Plasma metabolomic profiling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis identifies biochemical features predictive of quantitative disease activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:164. [PMID: 34103083 PMCID: PMC8185925 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and pain. In patients with RA, metabolomic approaches, i.e., high-throughput profiling of small-molecule metabolites, on plasma or serum has thus far enabled the discovery of biomarkers for clinical subgroups, risk factors, and predictors of treatment response. Despite these recent advancements, the identification of blood metabolites that reflect quantitative disease activity remains an important challenge in precision medicine for RA. Herein, we use global plasma metabolomic profiling analyses to detect metabolites associated with, and predictive of, quantitative disease activity in patients with RA. Methods Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was performed on a discovery cohort consisting of 128 plasma samples from 64 RA patients and on a validation cohort of 12 samples from 12 patients. The resulting metabolomic profiles were analyzed with two different strategies to find metabolites associated with RA disease activity defined by the Disease Activity Score-28 using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). More specifically, mixed-effects regression models were used to identify metabolites differentially abundant between two disease activity groups (“lower”, DAS28-CRP ≤ 3.2; and “higher”, DAS28-CRP > 3.2) and to identify metabolites significantly associated with DAS28-CRP scores. A generalized linear model (GLM) was then constructed for estimating DAS28-CRP using plasma metabolite abundances. Finally, for associating metabolites with CRP (an indicator of inflammation), metabolites differentially abundant between two patient groups (“low-CRP”, CRP ≤ 3.0 mg/L; “high-CRP”, CRP > 3.0 mg/L) were investigated. Results We identified 33 metabolites differentially abundant between the lower and higher disease activity groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, we identified 51 metabolites associated with DAS28-CRP (P < 0.05). A GLM based upon these 51 metabolites resulted in higher prediction accuracy (mean absolute error [MAE] ± SD: 1.51 ± 1.77) compared to a GLM without feature selection (MAE ± SD: 2.02 ± 2.21). The predictive value of this feature set was further demonstrated on a validation cohort of twelve plasma samples, wherein we observed a stronger correlation between predicted and actual DAS28-CRP (with feature selection: Spearman’s ρ = 0.69, 95% CI: [0.18, 0.90]; without feature selection: Spearman’s ρ = 0.18, 95% CI: [−0.44, 0.68]). Lastly, among all identified metabolites, the abundances of eight were significantly associated with the CRP patient groups while controlling for potential confounders (P < 0.05). Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time the prediction of quantitative disease activity in RA using plasma metabolomes. The metabolites identified herein provide insight into circulating pro-/anti-inflammatory metabolic signatures that reflect disease activity and inflammatory status in RA patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02537-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hur
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vinod K Gupta
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Harvey Huang
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kerry A Wright
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth J Warrington
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaeyun Sung
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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29
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Hutka B, Lázár B, Tóth AS, Ágg B, László SB, Makra N, Ligeti B, Scheich B, Király K, Al-Khrasani M, Szabó D, Ferdinandy P, Gyires K, Zádori ZS. The Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Ketorolac Alters the Small Intestinal Microbiota and Bile Acids Without Inducing Intestinal Damage or Delaying Peristalsis in the Rat. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664177. [PMID: 34149417 PMCID: PMC8213092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce significant damage to the small intestine, which is accompanied by changes in intestinal bacteria (dysbiosis) and bile acids. However, it is still a question of debate whether besides mucosal inflammation also other factors, such as direct antibacterial effects or delayed peristalsis, contribute to NSAID-induced dysbiosis. Here we aimed to assess whether ketorolac, an NSAID lacking direct effects on gut bacteria, has any significant impact on intestinal microbiota and bile acids in the absence of mucosal inflammation. We also addressed the possibility that ketorolac-induced bacterial and bile acid alterations are due to a delay in gastrointestinal (GI) transit. Methods: Vehicle or ketorolac (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) were given to rats by oral gavage once daily for four weeks, and the severity of mucosal inflammation was evaluated macroscopically, histologically, and by measuring the levels of inflammatory proteins and claudin-1 in the distal jejunal tissue. The luminal amount of bile acids was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, whereas the composition of microbiota by sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. GI transit was assessed by the charcoal meal method. Results: Ketorolac up to 3 mg/kg did not cause any signs of mucosal damage to the small intestine. However, 3 mg/kg of ketorolac induced dysbiosis, which was characterized by a loss of families belonging to Firmicutes (Paenibacillaceae, Clostridiales Family XIII, Christensenellaceae) and bloom of Enterobacteriaceae. Ketorolac also changed the composition of small intestinal bile by decreasing the concentration of conjugated bile acids and by increasing the amount of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA). The level of conjugated bile acids correlated negatively with the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae 1, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Burkholderiaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. Ketorolac, under the present experimental conditions, did not change the GI transit. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that low-dose ketorolac disturbed the delicate balance between small intestinal bacteria and bile acids, despite having no significant effect on intestinal mucosal integrity and peristalsis. Other, yet unidentified, factors may contribute to ketorolac-induced dysbiosis and bile dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Lázár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András S Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia B László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Makra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ligeti
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Tsunoda SM, Gonzales C, Jarmusch AK, Momper JD, Ma JD. Contribution of the Gut Microbiome to Drug Disposition, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Variability. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:971-984. [PMID: 33959897 PMCID: PMC8332605 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The trillions of microbes that make up the gut microbiome are an important contributor to health and disease. With respect to xenobiotics, particularly orally administered compounds, the gut microbiome interacts directly with drugs to break them down into metabolic products. In addition, microbial products such as bile acids interact with nuclear receptors on host drug-metabolizing enzyme machinery, thus indirectly influencing drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Gut microbes also influence drugs that undergo enterohepatic recycling by reversing host enzyme metabolic processes and increasing exposure to toxic metabolites as exemplified by the chemotherapy agent irinotecan and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent data with immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate the impact of the gut microbiome on drug pharmacodynamics. We summarize the clinical importance of gut microbe interaction with digoxin, irinotecan, immune checkpoint inhibitors, levodopa, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Understanding the complex interactions of the gut microbiome with xenobiotics is challenging; and highly sensitive methods such as untargeted metabolomics with molecular networking along with other in silico methods and animal and human in vivo studies will uncover mechanisms and pathways. Incorporating the contribution of the gut microbiome to drug disposition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics is vital in this era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley M Tsunoda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 90293-0657, USA.
| | - Christopher Gonzales
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 90293-0657, USA
| | - Alan K Jarmusch
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 90293-0657, USA.,Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 90293-0657, USA
| | - Joseph D Ma
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 90293-0657, USA
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31
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Zhou TS, Wei B, He M, Li YS, Wang YK, Wang SJ, Chen JW, Zhang HW, Cui ZN, Wang H. Thiazolidin-2-cyanamides derivatives as novel potent Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase inhibitors and their structure-inhibitory activity relationships. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1736-1742. [PMID: 32928007 PMCID: PMC7534389 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1816998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial β-glucuronidases have the ability to deconjugate glucuronides of some drugs, thus have been considered as an important drug target to alleviate the drug metabolites-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, thiazolidin-2-cyanamide derivatives containing 5-phenyl-2-furan moiety (1–13) were evaluated for inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase (EcGUS). All of them showed more potent inhibition than a commonly used positive control, d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone, with the IC50 values ranging from 1.2 µM to 23.1 µM. Inhibition kinetics studies indicated that compound 1–3 were competitive type inhibitors for EcGUS. Molecular docking studies were performed and predicted the potential molecular determinants for their potent inhibitory effects towards EcGUS. Structure–inhibitory activity relationship study revealed that chloro substitution on the phenyl moiety was essential for EcGUS inhibition, which would help researchers to design and develop more effective thiazolidin-2-cyanamide type inhibitors against EcGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Shun Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Sheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Wei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ning Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Danielak A, Wallace JL, Brzozowski T, Magierowski M. Gaseous Mediators as a Key Molecular Targets for the Development of Gastrointestinal-Safe Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657457. [PMID: 33995080 PMCID: PMC8116801 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent one of the most widely used classes of drugs and play a pivotal role in the therapy of numerous inflammatory diseases. However, the adverse effects of these drugs, especially when applied chronically, frequently affect gastrointestinal (GI) tract, resulting in ulceration and bleeding, which constitutes a significant limitation in clinical practice. On the other hand, it has been recently discovered that gaseous mediators nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) contribute to many physiological processes in the GI tract, including the maintenance of GI mucosal barrier integrity. Therefore, based on the possible therapeutic properties of NO, H2S and CO, a novel NSAIDs with ability to release one or more of those gaseous messengers have been synthesized. Until now, both preclinical and clinical studies have shown promising effects with respect to the anti-inflammatory potency as well as GI-safety of these novel NSAIDs. This review provides an overview of the gaseous mediators-based NSAIDs along with their mechanisms of action, with special emphasis on possible implications for GI mucosal defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Danielak
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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33
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Wang P, Jia Y, Wu R, Chen Z, Yan R. Human gut bacterial β-glucuronidase inhibition: An emerging approach to manage medication therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114566. [PMID: 33865833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial β-glucuronidase enzymes (BGUSs) are at the interface of host-microbial metabolic symbiosis, playing an important role in health and disease as well as medication outcomes (efficacy or toxicity) by deconjugating a large number of endogenous and exogenous glucuronides. In recent years, BGUSs inhibition has emerged as a new approach to manage diseases and medication therapy and attracted an increasing research interest. However, a growing body of evidence underlines great genetic diversity, functional promiscuity and varied inhibition propensity of BGUSs, which have posed big challenges to identifying BGUSs involved in a specific pathophysiological or pharmacological process and developing effective inhibition. In this article, we offered a general introduction of the function, in particular the physiological, pathological and pharmacological roles, of BGUSs and their taxonomic distribution in human gut microbiota, highlighting the structural features (active sites and adjacent loop structures) that affecting the protein-substrate (inhibitor) interactions. Recent advances in BGUSs-mediated deconjugation of drugs and carcinogens and the discovery and applications of BGUS inhibitors in management of medication therapy, typically, irinotecan-induced diarrhea and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced enteropathy, were also reviewed. At the end, we discussed the perspectives and the challenges of tailoring BGUS inhibition towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yifei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
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34
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Berthold HK, Campesi I, Carrero JJ, Dakal S, Franconi F, Gouni-Berthold I, Heiman ML, Kautzky-Willer A, Klein SL, Murphy A, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Reue K, Rubin JB. Sex- and Gender-Based Pharmacological Response to Drugs. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:730-762. [PMID: 33653873 PMCID: PMC7938661 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the combination of all sex-specific genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biologic sex produces different in vivo environments for male and female cells. We dissect how these influences of sex modify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple drugs and provide examples for common drugs acting on specific organ systems. We also discuss how gender of physicians and patients may influence the therapeutic response to drugs. We aim to highlight sex as a genetic modifier of the pharmacological response to drugs, which should be considered as a necessary step toward precision medicine that will benefit men and women. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study discusses the influences of biologic sex on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs and provides examples for common drugs acting on specific organ systems. This study also discusses how gender of physicians and patients influence the therapeutic response to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Heiner K Berthold
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Santosh Dakal
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Mark L Heiman
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Anne Murphy
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Karen Reue
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Section of Endocrinology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Diabetes Discovery and Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (F.M.-J.); Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB), Bielefeld, Germany (H.K.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (I.C.); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J.-J.C.); W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.D., S.L.K.); Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy (F.F.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Scioto Biosciences, Indianapolis, Indiana (M.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna and Gender Institute Gars am Kamp, Vienna, Austria (A.K.-W.); Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (A.M.); Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and University of Zürich, Switzerland (V.R.-Z.); Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (K.R.); and Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (J.B.R.)
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Rational Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies of Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives as β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a series of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives were rationally designed as β-glucuronidase inhibitors. These designed compounds were successfully synthesized and characterized through various spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) of synthesized derivatives to inhibit β-glucuronidase was also established. In vitro biological evaluations revealed that 4i as the most potent compound in this series has an IC50 value of 31.52 ± 2.54 μM compared to the standard D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 = 41.32 ± 1.82 µM). Also, molecular docking and dynamics studies of the most potent compound are performed to evaluate interactions between the active compound and binding site.
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Kowalczewski PŁ, Gumienna M, Rybicka I, Górna B, Sarbak P, Dziedzic K, Kmiecik D. Nutritional Value and Biological Activity of Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Cricket Powder. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041184. [PMID: 33672127 PMCID: PMC7926918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cricket powder, described in the literature as a source of nutrients, can be a valuable ingredient to supplement deficiencies in various food products. Work continues on the implementation of cricket powder in products that are widely consumed. The aim of this study was to obtain gluten-free bread with a superior nutritional profile by means of insect powder addition. Gluten-free breads enriched with 2%, 6%, and 10% of cricket (Acheta domesticus) powder were formulated and extensively characterized. The nutritional value, as well as antioxidant and β-glucuronidase activities, were assessed after simulated in vitro digestion. Addition of cricket powder significantly increased the nutritional value, both in terms of the protein content (exceeding two-, four-, and seven-fold the reference bread (RB), respectively) and above all mineral compounds. The most significant changes were observed for Cu, P, and Zn. A significant increase in the content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in the enriched bread was also demonstrated; moreover, both values additionally increased after the digestion process. The total polyphenolic compounds content increased about five-fold from RB to bread with 10% CP (BCP10), and respectively about three-fold after digestion. Similarly, the total antioxidant capacity before digestion increased about four-fold, and after digestion about six-fold. The use of CP also reduced the undesirable activity of β-glucuronidase by 65.9% (RB vs. BCP10) in the small intestine, down to 78.9% in the large intestine. The influence of bread on the intestinal microflora was also evaluated, and no inhibitory effect on the growth of microflora was demonstrated, both beneficial (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and pathogenic (Enterococcus and Escherichia coli). Our results underscore the benefits of using cricket powder to increase the nutritional value and biological activity of gluten-free food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (B.G.); (K.D.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-7297
| | - Małgorzata Gumienna
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (B.G.); (K.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Iga Rybicka
- Department of Technology and Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Górna
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (B.G.); (K.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Paulina Sarbak
- Students’ Scientific Club of Food Technologists, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Dziedzic
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (B.G.); (K.D.); (D.K.)
| | - Dominik Kmiecik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (M.G.); (B.G.); (K.D.); (D.K.)
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37
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Joukar F, Mavaddati S, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Samadani AA. Gut Microbiota as a Positive Potential Therapeutic Factor in Carcinogenesis: an Overview of Microbiota-Targeted Therapy. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:363-378. [PMID: 31025167 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutic methods comprising chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are so routine in cancer treatment. Remarkably, there are several personal features which affect the effectiveness of such treatments including nutrition, microbiome diversity, and physical activity which has distinct significant roles during and after therapies along with their bilateral connections. In this way, the ability of gut microbiota36 in modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic medications in cancer and other types of disorders is of great importance. In addition, the role of dietary, probiotic, and synthetically engineered bacteria in manipulating and optimizing the gut microbiota is of interest. Conspicuously, the correlation between the commensal microbiota and also host can regulate the physiological activities comprising the immunity system and inflammatory agents and it is scanned in the category of cancers. Bacterial species have been employed in cancer therapy; commensal microbes posse a key beneficial role in this field. Practically, the microbiota has this potential to accelerate and modulates a certain response by priming in order to release the pro-inflammatory agents. We would like to discuss these vital factors in this review as gut microbiota has the potential to be the main option for personalized cancer treatment strategies in the future. Meaning, this novel data present clinical promising feasibilities of modulating cancer therapy with using microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Joukar
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Mavaddati
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. .,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Wang X, Tang Q, Hou H, Zhang W, Li M, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang B, Hou J, Liu Y, Cao H. Gut Microbiota in NSAID Enteropathy: New Insights From Inside. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679396. [PMID: 34295835 PMCID: PMC8290187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a class of the commonly used drugs in clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause a series of adverse events including gastrointestinal injuries. Besides upper gastrointestinal injuries, NSAID enteropathy also attracts attention with the introduction of capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy. However, the pathogenesis of NSAID enteropathy remains to be entirely clarified. Growing evidence from basic and clinical studies presents that gut microbiota is a critical factor in NSAID enteropathy progress. We have reviewed the recent data about the interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and NSAID enteropathy. The chronic medication of NSAIDs could change the composition of the intestinal bacteria and aggravate bile acids cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and destroying mitochondria. Subsequently, intestinal bacteria translocate into the mucosa, and then lipopolysaccharide released from gut microbiota combines to Toll-like receptor 4 and induce excessive production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intestinal injuries present in the condition of intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. In this paper, we also have reviewed the possible strategies of regulating gut microbiota for the management of NSAID enteropathy, including antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, mucosal protective agents, and fecal microbiota transplant, and we emphasized the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors on NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, this review will provide new insights into a better understanding of gut microbiota in NSAID enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqin Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
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Lin YS, Thummel KE, Thompson BD, Totah RA, Cho CW. Sources of Interindividual Variability. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:481-550. [PMID: 34272705 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs are dependent on numerous factors that influence their disposition. A dose that is efficacious and safe for one individual may result in sub-therapeutic or toxic blood concentrations in others. A significant source of this variability in drug response is drug metabolism, where differences in presystemic and systemic biotransformation efficiency result in variable degrees of systemic exposure (e.g., AUC, Cmax, and/or Cmin) following administration of a fixed dose.Interindividual differences in drug biotransformation have been studied extensively. It is recognized that both intrinsic factors (e.g., genetics, age, sex, and disease states) and extrinsic factors (e.g., diet , chemical exposures from the environment, and the microbiome) play a significant role. For drug-metabolizing enzymes, genetic variation can result in the complete absence or enhanced expression of a functional enzyme. In addition, upregulation and downregulation of gene expression, in response to an altered cellular environment, can achieve the same range of metabolic function (phenotype), but often in a less predictable and time-dependent manner. Understanding the mechanistic basis for variability in drug disposition and response is essential if we are to move beyond the era of empirical, trial-and-error dose selection and into an age of personalized medicine that will improve outcomes in maintaining health and treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brice D Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christi W Cho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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40
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S. Alvarez M, Billones J, Lin CH, Heralde F. Plectranthus amboinicus (Spreng.) Semi-purified Fractions with Selective β-Glucuronidase Inhibition Elucidated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in silico docking. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_149_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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41
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Feng W, Liu J, Huang L, Tan Y, Peng C. Gut microbiota as a target to limit toxic effects of traditional Chinese medicine: Implications for therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111047. [PMID: 33378954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are medicines that are widely used in oriental countries under the guidance of ancient Chinese medicinal philosophies. With thousands of years of experiences in fighting against diseases, TCMs are gaining increasing importance in the world. Although the efficacy of TCMs is well recognized in clinic, the toxicity of TCMs has become a serious issue around the world in recent years. In general, the toxicity of TCMs is caused by the toxic medicinal compounds and contaminants in TCMs such as pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals. Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can interact with TCMs and thus influence the toxicity of TCMs. However, there is no focused review on gut microbiota and the toxicity of TCMs. Here, we summarized the influences of the gut microbiota on the toxicity of medicinal compounds in TCMs and the corresponding mechanisms were offered. Then, we discussed the relationships between gut microbiota and the TCM contaminants. In addition, we discussed the methods of manipulating gut microbiota to reduce the toxicity of TCMs. At the end of this review, the perspectives on gut microbiota and the toxicity of TCMs were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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42
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Li XN, Hua LX, Zhou TS, Wang KB, Wu YY, Emam M, Bao XZ, Chen J, Wei B. Cinnamic acid derivatives: inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase and structure-activity relationships. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1372-1378. [PMID: 32571102 PMCID: PMC7717682 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1780225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) is a potential therapeutic target to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity caused by irinotecan. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 17 natural cinnamic acid derivatives on Escherichia coli GUS (EcGUS) were characterised. Seven compounds, including caffeic acid ethyl ester (CAEE), had a stronger inhibitory effect (IC50 = 3.2-22.2 µM) on EcGUS than the positive control, D-glucaric acid-1,4-lactone. Inhibition kinetic analysis revealed that CAEE acted as a competitive inhibitor. The results of molecular docking analysis suggested that CAEE bound to the active site of EcGUS through interactions with Asp163, Tyr468, and Glu504. In addition, structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of a hydrogen atom at R1 and bulky groups at R9 in cinnamic acid derivatives was essential for EcGUS inhibition. These data are useful to design more potent cinnamic acid-type inhibitors of EcGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Nuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Xia Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao-Shun Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Bo Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- Shanghai Hadal Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xiao-Ze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Hadal Biomedical Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Stack TMM, Gerlt JA. Discovery of novel pathways for carbohydrate metabolism. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 61:63-70. [PMID: 33197748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Closing the gap between the increasing availability of complete genome sequences and the discovery of novel enzymes in novel metabolic pathways is a significant challenge. Here, we review recent examples of assignment of in vitro enzymatic activities and in vivo metabolic functions to uncharacterized proteins, with a focus on enzymes and metabolic pathways involved in the catabolism and biosynthesis of monosaccharides and polysaccharides. The most effective approaches are based on analyses of sequence-function space in protein families that provide clues for the predictions of the functions of the uncharacterized enzymes. As summarized in this Opinion, this approach allows the discovery of the catabolism of new molecules, new pathways for common molecules, and new enzymatic chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M M Stack
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - John A Gerlt
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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44
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Khan S, Hauptman R, Kelly L. Engineering the Microbiome to Prevent Adverse Events: Challenges and Opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:159-179. [PMID: 33049161 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031620-031509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade of microbiome research, we have learned about numerous adverse interactions between the microbiome and medical interventions such as drugs, radiation, and surgery. What if we could alter our microbiomes to prevent these events? In this review, we discuss potential routes to mitigate microbiome adverse events, including applications from the emerging field of microbiome engineering. We highlight cases where the microbiome acts directly on a treatment, such as via differential drug metabolism, and cases where a treatment directly harms the microbiome, such as in radiation therapy. Understanding and preventing microbiome adverse events is a difficult challenge that will require a data-driven approach involving causal statistics, multiomics techniques, and a personalized means of mitigating adverse events. We propose research considerations to encourage productive work in preventing microbiome adverse events, and we highlight the many challenges and opportunities that await.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Ruth Hauptman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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45
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Ervin SM, Simpson JB, Gibbs ME, Creekmore BC, Lim L, Walton WG, Gharaibeh RZ, Redinbo MR. Structural Insights into Endobiotic Reactivation by Human Gut Microbiome-Encoded Sulfatases. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3939-3950. [PMID: 32993284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phase II drug metabolism inactivates xenobiotics and endobiotics through the addition of either a glucuronic acid or sulfate moiety prior to excretion, often via the gastrointestinal tract. While the human gut microbial β-glucuronidase enzymes that reactivate glucuronide conjugates in the intestines are becoming well characterized and even controlled by targeted inhibitors, the sulfatases encoded by the human gut microbiome have not been comprehensively examined. Gut microbial sulfatases are poised to reactivate xenobiotics and endobiotics, which are then capable of undergoing enterohepatic recirculation or exerting local effects on the gut epithelium. Here, using protein structure-guided methods, we identify 728 distinct microbiome-encoded sulfatase proteins from the 4.8 million unique proteins present in the Human Microbiome Project Stool Sample database and 1766 gut microbial sulfatases from the 9.9 million sequences in the Integrated Gene Catalogue. We purify a representative set of these sulfatases, elucidate crystal structures, and pinpoint unique structural motifs essential to endobiotic sulfate processing. Gut microbial sulfatases differentially process sulfated forms of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, and the hormones melatonin, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and thyroxine in a manner dependent both on variabilities in active site architecture and on markedly distinct oligomeric states. Taken together, these data provide initial insights into the structural and functional diversity of gut microbial sulfatases, providing a path toward defining the roles these enzymes play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Ervin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Morgan E Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin C Creekmore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lauren Lim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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46
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Wu G, Win S, Than TA, Chen P, Kaplowitz N. Gut Microbiota and Liver Injury (I)-Acute Liver Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1238:23-37. [PMID: 32323178 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2385-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, intestinal microbial communities have been considered to play a vital role in host liver health. Acute liver injury (ALI) is the manifestation of sudden hepatic injury and arises from a variety of causes. The studies of dysbiosis in gut microbiota provide new insight into the pathogenesis of ALI. However, the relationship of gut microbiota and ALI is not well understood, and the contribution of gut microbiota to ALI has not been well characterized. In this chapter, we integrate several major pathogenic factors in ALI with the role of gut microbiota to stress the significance of gut microbiota in prevention and treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, N.No 1838 Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sanda Win
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tin A Than
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, N.No 1838 Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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47
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Altamura F, Maurice CF, Castagner B. Drugging the gut microbiota: toward rational modulation of bacterial composition in the gut. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 56:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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48
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Dashnyam P, Lin HY, Chen CY, Gao S, Yeh LF, Hsieh WC, Tu Z, Lin CH. Substituent Position of Iminocyclitols Determines the Potency and Selectivity for Gut Microbial Xenobiotic-Reactivating Enzymes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4617-4627. [PMID: 32105467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of gut bacterial β-glucuronidases (GUSs) are of particular interest in the prevention of xenobiotic-induced toxicities. This study reports the first structure-activity relationships on potency and selectivity of several iminocyclitols (2-7) for the GUSs. Complex structures of Ruminococcus gnavus GUS with 2-7 explained how charge, conformation, and substituent of iminocyclitols affect their potency and selectivity. N1 of uronic isofagomine (2) made strong electrostatic interactions with two catalytic glutamates of GUSs, resulting in the most potent inhibition (Ki ≥ 11 nM). C6-propyl analogue of 2 (6) displayed 700-fold selectivity for opportunistic bacterial GUSs (Ki = 74 nM for E. coli GUS and 51.8 μM for RgGUS). In comparison with 2, there was 200-fold enhancement in the selectivity, which was attributed to differential interactions between the propyl group and loop 5 residues of the GUSs. The results provide useful insights to develop potent and selective inhibitors for undesired GUSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punsaldulam Dashnyam
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shijay Gao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Fu Yeh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Zhijay Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No 128, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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49
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Watanabe T, Fujiwara Y, Chan FKL. Current knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-bowel damage: a comprehensive review. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:481-495. [PMID: 31865463 PMCID: PMC7188723 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in small-bowel endoscopy such as capsule endoscopy have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) frequently damage the small intestine, with the prevalence rate of mucosal breaks of around 50% in chronic users. A significant proportion of patients with NSAIDs-induced enteropathy are asymptomatic, but some patients develop symptomatic or complicated ulcers that need therapeutic intervention. Both inhibition of prostaglandins due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenases and mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to the topical effect of NSAIDs play a crucial role in the early process of injury. As a result, the intestinal barrier function is impaired, which allows enterobacteria to invade the mucosa. Gram-negative bacteria and endogenous molecules coordinate to trigger inflammatory cascades via Toll-like receptor 4 to induce excessive expression of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that processes pro-interleukin-1β into its mature form. Finally, neutrophils accumulate in the mucosa, resulting in intestinal ulceration. Currently, misoprostol is the only drug that has a proven beneficial effect on bleeding small intestinal ulcers induced by NSAIDs or low-dose aspirin, but its protection is insufficient. Therefore, the efficacy of the combination of misoprostol with other drugs, especially those targeting the innate immune system, should be assessed in the next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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50
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Walsh J, Olavarria-Ramirez L, Lach G, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Griffin BT, Hyland NP, Clarke G. Impact of host and environmental factors on β-glucuronidase enzymatic activity: implications for gastrointestinal serotonin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G816-G826. [PMID: 32146834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses a reservoir of bacterial-derived enzymes that can directly catalyze the metabolism of drugs, dietary elements and endogenous molecules. Both host and environmental factors may influence this enzymatic activity, with the potential to dictate the availability of the biologically-active form of endogenous molecules in the gut and influence inter-individual variation in drug metabolism. We aimed to investigate the influence of the microbiota, and the modulation of its composition, on fecal enzymatic activity. Intrinsic factors related to the host, including age, sex and genetic background, were also explored. Fecalase, a cell-free extract of feces, was prepared and used in a colorimetric-based assay to quantify enzymatic activity. To demonstrate the functional effects of fecal enzymatic activity, we examined β-glucuronidase-mediated cleavage of serotonin β-d-glucuronide (5-HT-GLU) and the resultant production of free 5-HT by HPLC. As expected, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity were absent in germ-free mice. Enzymatic activity was significantly influenced by mouse strain and animal species. Sex and age significantly altered metabolic activity with implications for free 5-HT. β-Glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity remained at reduced levels for nearly two weeks after cessation of antibiotic administration. This effect on fecalase corresponded to significantly lower 5-HT levels as compared with incubation with pre-antibiotic fecalase from the same mice. Dietary targeting of the microbiota using prebiotics did not alter β-glucuronidase or β-glucosidase activity. Our data demonstrate that multiple factors influence the activity of bacterial-derived enzymes which may have potential clinical implications for drug metabolism and the deconjugation of host-produced glucuronides in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article explores a comprehensive range of host and environmental factors that introduce variability in the expression of bacterial-derived metabolic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that altered β-glucuronidase activity has implications for the bioavailability of luminal serotonin. The experimental approach employed, fecalase, provides a mechanistic basis and translational platform to further delineate the functional outputs of altered metabolic activity, and the associated physiological effects of microbiota-targeted interventions on host response to drugs and host-produced glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Loreto Olavarria-Ramirez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gilliard Lach
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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