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Tse LH, Cheung ST, Lee S, Wong YH. Real-Time Determination of Intracellular cAMP Reveals Functional Coupling of G s Protein to the Melatonin MT 1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2919. [PMID: 38474167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates the circadian rhythm and many other physiological processes. Its functions are primarily exerted through two subtypes of human melatonin receptors, termed melatonin type-1 (MT1) and type-2 (MT2) receptors. Both MT1 and MT2 receptors are generally classified as Gi-coupled receptors owing to their well-recognized ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation in cells. However, it remains an enigma as to why melatonin stimulates cAMP production in a number of cell types that express the MT1 receptor. To address if MT1 can dually couple to Gs and Gi proteins, we employed a highly sensitive luminescent biosensor (GloSensorTM) to monitor the real-time changes in the intracellular cAMP level in intact live HEK293 cells that express MT1 and/or MT2. Our results demonstrate that the activation of MT1, but not MT2, leads to a robust enhancement on the forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation. In contrast, the activation of either MT1 or MT2 inhibited cAMP synthesis driven by the activation of the Gs-coupled β2-adrenergic receptor, which is consistent with a typical Gi-mediated response. The co-expression of MT1 with Gs enabled melatonin itself to stimulate cAMP production, indicating a productive coupling between MT1 and Gs. The possible existence of a MT1-Gs complex was supported through molecular modeling as the predicted complex exhibited structural and thermodynamic characteristics that are comparable to that of MT1-Gi. Taken together, our data reveal that MT1, but not MT2, can dually couple to Gs and Gi proteins, thereby enabling the bi-directional regulation of adenylyl cyclase to differentially modulate cAMP levels in cells that express different complements of MT1, MT2, and G proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hang Tse
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Ting Cheung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Seayoung Lee
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Dong S, Kifune T, Kato H, Wang L, Kong J, Hirofuji Y, Sun X, Sato H, Ito Y, Kato TA, Sakai Y, Ohga S, Fukumoto S, Masuda K. Effects of melatonin on dopaminergic neuron development via IP3-mediated mitochondrial Ca 2+ regulation in autism spectrum disorder. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:7-12. [PMID: 37742475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin entrainment of suprachiasmatic nucleus-regulating circadian rhythms is mediated by MT1 and MT2 receptors. Melatonin also has neuroprotective and mitochondrial activating effects, suggesting it may affect neurodevelopment. We studied melatonin's pharmacological effects on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) neuropathology. Deciduous tooth-derived stem cells from children with ASD were used to model neurodevelopmental defects and differentiated into dopaminergic neurons (ASD-DNs) with or without melatonin. Without melatonin, ASD-DNs had reduced neurite outgrowth, mitochondrial dysfunction, lower mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and Ca2+ accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compared to control DNs from typically developing children-derived stem cells. Melatonin enhanced IP3-dependent Ca2+ release from ER to mitochondria, improving mitochondrial function and neurite outgrowth in ASD-DNs. Luzindole, an MT1/MT2 antagonist, blocked these effects. Thus, melatonin supplementation may improve dopaminergic system development in ASD by modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis via MT1/MT2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshan Dong
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kifune
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Lu Wang
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Kong
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Hirofuji
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xiao Sun
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ito
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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3
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Liu W, Chen Z, Li R, Zheng M, Pang X, Wen A, Yang B, Wang S. High and low dose of luzindole or 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4-P-PDOT) reverse bovine granulosa cell response to melatonin. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14612. [PMID: 36684672 PMCID: PMC9851050 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Communication between oocytes and granulosa cells ultimately dictate follicle development or atresia. Melatonin is also involved in follicle development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin and its receptor antagonists on hormone secretion, as well as gene expression related to hormone synthesis, TGF-β superfamily, and follicle development in bovine granulosa cells, and assess the effects of melatonin in the presence of 4-P-PDOT and luzindole. Methods Bovine ovaries were collected from a local abattoir and follicular fluid (follicle diameter 5-8 mm) was collected for granulosa cell isolation and culture. Granulosa cells and culture medium were collected 48 h after treatment with melatonin at high dose concentrations (10-5 M) and low dose concentrations (10-9 M) in the absence/presence of 4-P-PDOT and luzindole (10-5 M or 10-9 M). Furthermore, the expression level of genes related to hormonal synthesis (CYP11A1, CYP19A1, StAR, and RUNX2), TGF-β superfamily (BMP6, INHA, INHBA, INHBB, and TGFBR3), and development (EGFR, DNMT1A, and FSHR) were detected in each experimental group by real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, the level of hormones in culture medium were detected using ELISA. Results Both 10-5 M and 10-9 M melatonin doses promoted the secretion of inhibin A and progesterone without affecting the production of inhibin B and estradiol. In addition, both promoted the gene expression of INHA, StAR, RUNX2, TGFBR3, EGFR, and DNMT1A, and inhibited the expression of BMP6, INHBB, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and FSHR. When combined with different doses of 4-P-PDOT and luzindole, they exhibited different effects on the secretion of inhibin B, estradiol, inhibin A, and progesterone, and the expression of CYP19A1, RUNX2, BMP6, INHBB, EGFR, and DNMT1A induced by melatonin. Conclusion High and low dose melatonin receptor antagonists exhibited different effects in regulating hormone secretion and the expression of various genes in response to melatonin. Therefore, concentration effects must be considered when using luzindole or 4-P-PDOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Liu
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China,Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Menghao Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xunsheng Pang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, China
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4
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Huang SK, Prosser RS. Dynamics and Mechanistic Underpinnings to Pharmacology of Class A GPCRs - An NMR Perspective. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C739-C753. [PMID: 35235425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00044.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-third of current pharmaceuticals target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest receptor superfamily in humans and mediators of diverse physiological processes. This review summarizes the recent progress in GPCR structural dynamics, focusing on class A receptors and insights derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other spectroscopic techniques. We describe the structural aspects of GPCR activation and the various pharmacological models that capture aspects of receptor signaling behaviour. Spectroscopic studies revealed that receptors and their signaling complexes are dynamic allosteric systems that sample multiple functional states under basal conditions. The distribution of states within the conformational ensemble and the kinetics of transitions between states are regulated through the binding of ligands, allosteric modulators, and the membrane environment. This ensemble view of GPCRs provides a mechanistic framework for understanding many of the pharmacological phenomena associated with receptor signaling, such as basal activity, efficacy, and functional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kate Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Glatfelter GC, Sosa J, Hudson RL, Dubocovich ML. Methods to Assess Melatonin Receptor-Mediated Phase-Shift and Re-entrainment of Rhythmic Behaviors in Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:391-411. [PMID: 36180708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The neurohormone melatonin facilitates entrainment of biological rhythms to environmental light-dark conditions as well as phase-shifts of circadian rhythms in constant conditions via activation of the MT1 and/or MT2 receptors expressed within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The efficacy of melatonin and related agonists to modulate biological rhythms can be assessed using two well-validated mouse models of rhythmic behaviors. These models serve as predictive measures of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of circadian phase disorders caused by internal (e.g., clock gene mutations, blindness, depression, seasonal affective disorder) or external (e.g., shift work, travel across time zones) causes in humans. Here we provide background and detailed protocols for quantitative assessment of the magnitude and efficacy of melatonin receptor ligands in mouse circadian phase-shift and re-entrainment paradigms. The utility of these models in the discovery of novel therapeutics acting on melatonin receptors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C Glatfelter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Designer Drug Research Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Randall L Hudson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuroscience Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Wang J, Zhuo Z, Ma X, Liu Y, Xu J, He C, Fu Y, Wang F, Ji P, Zhang L, Liu G. Melatonin Alleviates the Suppressive Effect of Hypoxanthine on Oocyte Nuclear Maturation and Restores Meiosis via the Melatonin Receptor 1 (MT1)-Mediated Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648148. [PMID: 33937242 PMCID: PMC8083900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that hypoxanthine (HX) inhibits nuclear maturation of oocytes by elevating the intracellular cAMP level, while melatonin (MT) is a molecule that reduces cAMP production, which may physiologically antagonize this inhibition and restore the meiosis process. We conducted in vitro and in vivo studies to examine this hypothesis. The results showed that 10-3 M MT potentiated the inhibitory effect of HX on mouse oocyte meiosis by lowering the rate of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and the first polar body (PB1). However, 10-5 M and 10-7 M MT significantly alleviated the nuclear suppression induced by HX and restored meiosis in 3- and 6-week-old mouse oocytes, respectively. We identified that the rate-limiting melatonin synthetic enzyme AANAT and melatonin membrane receptor MT1 were both expressed in oocytes and cumulus cells at the GV and MII stages. Luzindole, a non-selective melatonin membrane receptor antagonist, blocked the activity of MT on oocyte meiotic recovery (P < 0.05). This observation indicated that the activity of melatonin was mediated by the MT1 receptor. To understand the molecular mechanism further, MT1 knockout (KO) mice were constructed. In this MT1 KO animal model, the PB1 rate was significantly reduced with the excessive expression of cAPM synthases (Adcy2, Adcy6, Adcy7, and Adcy9) in the ovaries of these animals. The mRNA levels of Nppc and Npr2 were upregulated while the genes related to progesterone synthesis (Cyp11a11), cholesterol biosynthesis (Insig1), and feedback (Lhcgr, Prlr, and Atg7) were downregulated in the granulosa cells of MT1 KO mice (P < 0.05). The altered gene expression may be attributed to the suppression of oocyte maturation. In summary, melatonin protects against nuclear inhibition caused by HX and restores oocyte meiosis via MT1 by reducing the intracellular concentration of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Keao Xieli Feed Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiu He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Wang S, Liu W, Wen A, Yang B, Pang X. Luzindole and 4P-PDOT block the effect of melatonin on bovine granulosa cell apoptosis and cell cycle depending on its concentration. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10627. [PMID: 33732541 PMCID: PMC7950190 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cells play an essential physiological role in mediating the follicle development and survival or apoptosis of granulosa cells dictate the follicle development or atresia. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of high dose (10-5 M) and low dose (10-9 M) melatonin in bovine granulosa cells, and assess whether MT1 and MT2 inhibiter affect granulosa cells response to melatonin. We found that the high dose (10-5 M) and low dose (10-9 M) both could act as an essential role in modulating granulosa cells apoptosis, cell cycle and antioxidant. The beneficial effect could be related to that melatonin promoted the expression of Bcl2, Bcl-xl, SOD1 and GPX4, and inhibited Bax, caspase-3 and p53 expression. Moreover P21 expression was decreased in granulosa cells treated with the high dose (10-5 M) melatonin and increased in that treated with the low dose (10-9 M) melatonin. To further reveal the role of MT1 and MT2 in mediating the effect of melatonin on granulosa cells apoptosis, cell cycle and antioxidant, we found that the luzindole and 4P-PDOT did not affect the effect of high dose (10-5 M) melatonin on regulating Bcl2, Bax, caspase-3, SOD1, GPX4 and p53 expression, while blocked its effect on modulating Bcl-xl and P21expression. However, luzindole and 4P-PDOT disturbed the effect of low dose (10-9 M) melatonin on regulating Bcl2, Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-xl, SOD1, GPX4, and p53 expression. In conclusion, these results reveal that the effect of low dose (10-9 M) melatonin on granulosa cells apoptosis are mediated by MT1 and MT2, and the high dose (10-5 M) melatonin affect the granulosa cells apoptosis by other pathway, besides MT1 and MT2. Moreover MT1 and MT2 may work in concert to modulate bovine granulosa cells function by regulating cellular progression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, China
| | - Wenju Liu
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xunsheng Pang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
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8
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Stazi M, Negro S, Megighian A, D'Este G, Solimena M, Jockers R, Lista F, Montecucco C, Rigoni M. Melatonin promotes regeneration of injured motor axons via MT 1 receptors. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12695. [PMID: 32939783 PMCID: PMC7757164 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an ancient multi-tasking molecule produced by the pineal gland and by several extrapineal tissues. A variety of activities has been ascribed to this hormone in different physiological and pathological contexts, but little is known about its role in peripheral neuroregeneration. Here, we have exploited two different types of injury to test the capability of melatonin to stimulate regeneration of motor axons: (a) the acute and reversible presynaptic degeneration induced by the spider neurotoxin α-Latrotoxin and (b) the compression/transection of the sciatic nerve. We found that in both cases melatonin administration accelerates the process of nerve repair. This pro-regenerative action is MT1 -mediated, and at least in part due to a sustained activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. These findings reveal a receptor-mediated, pro-regenerative action of melatonin in vivo that holds important clinical implications, as it posits melatonin as a safe candidate molecule for the treatment of a number of peripheral neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stazi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Samuele Negro
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- Padua Neuroscience InstitutePaduaItaly
| | - Giorgia D'Este
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Michele Solimena
- Molecular DiabetologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Faculty of MedicinePaul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Munich NeuherbergGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI‐CBG)DresdenGermany
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinCNRSINSERMUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Florigio Lista
- Center of Medical and Veterinary Research of the Ministry of DefenceRomeItaly
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- CNR Institute of NeurosciencePaduaItaly
| | - Michela Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
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9
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Sulkava S, Muggalla P, Sulkava R, Ollila HM, Peuralinna T, Myllykangas L, Kaivola K, Stone DJ, Traynor BJ, Renton AE, Rivera AM, Helisalmi S, Soininen H, Polvikoski T, Hiltunen M, Tienari PJ, Huttunen HJ, Paunio T. Melatonin receptor type 1A gene linked to Alzheimer's disease in old age. Sleep 2019; 41:5049081. [PMID: 29982836 PMCID: PMC6047434 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the circadian rhythms is a frequent preclinical and clinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, it has been suggested that shift work is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we have reported association of intolerance to shift work (job-related exhaustion in shift workers) with a variant rs12506228A, which is situated close to melatonin receptor type 1A gene (MTNR1A) and linked to MTNR1A brain expression levels. Here, we studied association of that variant with clinical and neuropathological Alzheimer’s disease in a Finnish whole-population cohort Vantaa 85+ (n = 512, participants over 85 years) and two follow-up cohorts. Rs12506228A was associated with clinical Alzheimer’s disease (p = 0.000073). Analysis of post-mortem brain tissues showed association with higher amount of neurofibrillary tangles (p = 0.0039) and amyloid beta plaques (p = 0.0041). We then followed up the associations in two independent replication samples. Replication for the association with clinical Alzheimer’s disease was detected in Kuopio 75+ (p = 0.012, n = 574), but not in the younger case-control sample (n = 651 + 669). While melatonin has been established in regulation of circadian rhythms, an independent role has been also shown for neuroprotection and specifically for anti-amyloidogenic effects. Indeed, in vitro, RNAi mediated silencing of MTNR1A increased the amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in neurons, whereas overexpression decreased it. Our findings suggest variation close to MTNR1A as a shared genetic risk factor for intolerance to shift work and Alzheimer’s disease in old age. The genetic associations are likely to be mediated by differences in MTNR1A expression, which, in turn, modulate APP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sulkava
- Department of Health, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Raimo Sulkava
- Unit of Geriatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Department of Health, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Stanford University Center for Sleep Sciences, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Terhi Peuralinna
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Kaivola
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David J Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan E Renton
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alberto M Rivera
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Health, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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An insight into the scientific background and future perspectives for the potential uses of melatonin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Karamitri A, Sadek MS, Journé AS, Gbahou F, Gerbier R, Osman MB, Habib SAM, Jockers R, Zlotos DP. O-linked melatonin dimers as bivalent ligands targeting dimeric melatonin receptors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:349-356. [PMID: 30658234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of dimeric melatonin analogues 3a-e obtained by connecting two melatonin molecules through the methoxy oxygen atoms with spacers spanning 16-24 atoms and the agomelatine dimer 7 were synthesized and characterized in 2-[125-I]-iodomelatonin binding assays, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) experiments, and in functional cAMP and β-arrestin recruitment assays at MT1 and MT2 receptors. The binding affinity of 3a-e generally increased with increasing linker length. Bivalent ligands 3a-e increased BRET signals of MT1 dimers up to 3-fold compared to the monomeric control ligand indicating the simultaneous binding of the two pharmacophores to dimeric receptors. Bivalent ligands 3c and 7 exhibited important changes in functional properties on the Gi/cAMP pathway but not on the β-arrestin pathway compared to their monomeric counterparts. Interestingly, 3c (20 atoms spacer) shows inverse agonistic properties at MT2 on the Gi/cAMP pathway. In conclusion, these findings indicate that O-linked melatonin dimers are promising tools to develop signaling pathway-based bivalent melatonin receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Karamitri
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Mirna S Sadek
- The German University in Cairo, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Anne-Sophie Journé
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gbahou
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.
| | - Romain Gerbier
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Mai B Osman
- The German University in Cairo, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy A M Habib
- The German University in Cairo, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France; Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- The German University in Cairo, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt.
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12
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Lochner A, Marais E, Huisamen B. Melatonin and cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury: What's new? A review. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12490. [PMID: 29570845 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic hormone with several functions. It binds to specific receptors and to a number of cytosolic proteins, activating a vast array of signalling pathways. Its potential to protect the heart against ischaemia/reperfusion damage has attracted much attention, particularly in view of its possible clinical applications. This review will focus mainly on the possible signalling pathways involved in melatonin-induced cardioprotection. In particular, the role of the melatonin receptors and events downstream of receptor activation, for example, the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK), survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) and Notch pathways, the sirtuins, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and translocases in the outer membrane (TOM70) will be discussed. Particular attention is given to the role of the mitochondrion in melatonin-induced cardioprotection. In addition, a brief overview will be given regarding the status quo of the clinical application of melatonin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lochner
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Erna Marais
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Barbara Huisamen
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, SA Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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13
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Andressen KW, Ulsund AH, Krobert KA, Lohse MJ, Bünemann M, Levy FO. Related GPCRs couple differently to G
s
: preassociation between G protein and 5‐HT
7
serotonin receptor reveals movement of Gα
s
upon receptor activation. FASEB J 2018; 32:1059-1069. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700486r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Andrea Hembre Ulsund
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Kurt A. Krobert
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Martin J. Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Rudolf Virchow CenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure CenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Max Delbrück CenterBerlinGermany
| | - Moritz Bünemann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacyPhilipps University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Center for Heart Failure ResearchFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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14
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Lo Sardo F, Muti P, Blandino G, Strano S. Melatonin and Hippo Pathway: Is There Existing Cross-Talk? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091913. [PMID: 28878191 PMCID: PMC5618562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolic hormone that regulates a plethora of functions ranging from the regulation of circadian rhythms and antioxidant properties to the induction and maintenance of tumor suppressor pathways. It binds to specific receptors as well as to some cytosolic proteins, leading to several cellular signaling cascades. Recently, the involvement of melatonin in cancer insurgence and progression has clearly been demonstrated. In this review, we will first describe the structure and functions of melatonin and its receptors, and then discuss both molecular and epidemiological evidence on melatonin anticancer effects. Finally, we will shed light on potential cross-talk between melatonin signaling and the Hippo signaling pathway, along with the possible implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Sardo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Benleulmi-Chaachoua A, Chen L, Sokolina K, Wong V, Jurisica I, Emerit MB, Darmon M, Espin A, Stagljar I, Tafelmeyer P, Zamponi GW, Delagrange P, Maurice P, Jockers R. Protein interactome mining defines melatonin MT1 receptors as integral component of presynaptic protein complexes of neurons. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:95-108. [PMID: 26514267 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the hormone melatonin is mainly produced by the pineal gland with nocturnal peak levels. Its peripheral and central actions rely either on its intrinsic antioxidant properties or on binding to melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors, belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) super-family. Melatonin has been reported to be involved in many functions of the central nervous system such as circadian rhythm regulation, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, memory, sleep, and also in Alzheimer's disease and depression. However, little is known about the subcellular localization of melatonin receptors and the molecular aspects involved in neuronal functions of melatonin. Identification of protein complexes associated with GPCRs has been shown to be a valid approach to improve our understanding of their function. By combining proteomic and genomic approaches we built an interactome of MT1 and MT2 receptors, which comprises 378 individual proteins. Among the proteins interacting with MT1 , but not with MT2 , we identified several presynaptic proteins, suggesting a potential role of MT1 in neurotransmission. Presynaptic localization of MT1 receptors in the hypothalamus, striatum, and cortex was confirmed by subcellular fractionation experiments and immunofluorescence microscopy. MT1 physically interacts with the voltage-gated calcium channel Cav 2.2 and inhibits Cav 2.2-promoted Ca(2+) entry in an agonist-independent manner. In conclusion, we show that MT1 is part of the presynaptic protein network and negatively regulates Cav 2.2 activity, providing a first hint for potential synaptic functions of MT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Benleulmi-Chaachoua
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate Sokolina
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and TECHNA Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michel Boris Emerit
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Paris, France
| | - Almudena Espin
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Pascal Maurice
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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16
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Abstract
Since their discovery, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute one of the most studied proteins leading to important discoveries and perspectives in terms of their biology and implication in physiology and pathophysiology. This is mostly linked to the remarkable advances in the development and application of the biophysical resonance energy transfer (RET)-based approaches, including bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET and FRET, respectively). Indeed, BRET and FRET have been extensively applied to study different aspects of GPCR functioning such as their activation and regulation either statically or dynamically, in real-time and intact cells. Consequently, our view on GPCRs has considerably changed opening new challenges for the study of GPCRs in their native tissues in the aim to get more knowledge on how these receptors control the biological responses. Moreover, the technological aspect of this field of research promises further developments for robust and reliable new RET-based assays that may be compatible with high-throughput screening as well as drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements; CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France; LE STUDIUM(®) Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France.
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17
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Pan Y, Niles LP. Epigenetic mechanisms of melatonin action in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 402:57-63. [PMID: 25578604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that melatonin induces histone hyperacetylation in vitro and in vivo. To clarify the mechanisms involved, we have now investigated its effects on histone acetylation and signaling pathways in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which express melatonin MT1 receptors. Melatonin caused significant concentration-dependent increases in both histone H3 and H4 acetylation. Blockade of melatonin receptors with luzindole abolished the histone hyperacetylating effect of melatonin, whereas inhibition of MAPK-ERK by PD98059 attenuated but did not block this effect. Melatonin treatment for 24-h decreased the levels of phospho-ERK1/2, but significantly increased Akt phosphorylation and protein expression of the histone acetyltransferase, p300. These findings suggest that the epigenetic effects of melatonin in SH-SY5Y cells are mediated by G protein-coupled MT1 melatonin receptors. Furthermore, upregulation of the histone acetyltransferase/transcriptional co-activator p300, along with phosphorylation of Akt, which is essential for p300 activation, appear to be key mechanisms underlying the epigenetic effects of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, HSC-4N77, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lennard P Niles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, HSC-4N77, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
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18
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Ayoub MA, Landomiel F, Gallay N, Jégot G, Poupon A, Crépieux P, Reiter E. Assessing Gonadotropin Receptor Function by Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Assays. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:130. [PMID: 26379624 PMCID: PMC4550792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin receptors belong to the super family of G protein-coupled receptors and mediate the physiological effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone (LHR). Their central role in the control of reproductive function has made them the focus of intensive studies. Upon binding to their cognate hormone, they trigger complex signaling and trafficking mechanisms that are tightly regulated in concentration, time, and space. Classical cellular assays often fail to capture all these dynamics. Here, we describe the use of various bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET and FRET) assays to investigate the activation and regulation of FSHR and LHR in real-time, in living cells (i.e., transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells). Indeed, the dynamics of hormone-mediated heterotrimeric G protein activation, cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) production, calcium release, β-arrestin 2 recruitment, and receptor internalization/recycling was assessed. Kinetics and dose-response analyses confirmed the expected pharmacological and signaling properties of hFSHR and hLHR but revealed interesting characteristics when considering the two major pathways (cAMP and β-arrestin 2) of the two receptors assessed by BRET. Indeed, the EC50 values were in picomolar range for cAMP production while nanomolar range was observed for β-arrestin 2 recruitment as well as receptor internalization. Interestingly, the predicted receptor occupancy indicates that the maximal G protein activation and cAMP response occur at <10% of receptor occupancy whereas >90% of activated receptors is required to achieve full β-arrestin 2 recruitment and subsequent receptor internalization. The rapid receptor internalization was also followed by a recycling phase. Collectively, our data reveal that β-arrestin-mediated desensitization, internalization, and the subsequent fast recycling of receptors at the plasma membrane may provide a mechanistic ground to the "spare receptor" paradigm. More generally, the novel tools described here will undoubtedly provide the scientific community investigating gonadotropin receptors with powerful means to decipher their pharmacology and signaling with the prospect of pathophysiological and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
- LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Akli Ayoub, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS-Université François Rabelais UMR7247, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - Nouzilly 37380, France,
| | - Flavie Landomiel
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Gwenhael Jégot
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
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19
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Tosini G, Owino S, Guillaume JL, Jockers R. Understanding melatonin receptor pharmacology: latest insights from mouse models, and their relevance to human disease. Bioessays 2014; 36:778-87. [PMID: 24903552 PMCID: PMC4151498 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, the neuro-hormone synthesized during the night, has recently seen an unexpected extension of its functional implications toward type 2 diabetes development, visual functions, sleep disturbances, and depression. Transgenic mouse models were instrumental for the establishment of the link between melatonin and these major human diseases. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated by two types of G protein-coupled receptors, named MT1 and MT2 , which are expressed in many different organs and tissues. Understanding the pharmacology and function of mouse MT1 and MT2 receptors, including MT1 /MT2 heteromers, will be of crucial importance to evaluate the relevance of these mouse models for future therapeutic developments. This review will critically discuss these aspects, and give some perspectives including the generation of new mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Chen L, He X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Lai X, Shao J, Shi Y, Zhou N. Melatonin receptor type 1 signals to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 via Gi and Gs dually coupled pathways in HEK-293 cells. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2827-39. [PMID: 24724723 DOI: 10.1021/bi500092e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland hormone melatonin exerts its regulatory roles in a variety of physiological and pathological responses through two G protein-coupled receptors, melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor type 2 (MT2), which have been recognized as promising targets in the treatment of a number of human diseases and disorders. The MT1 receptor was identified nearly 20 years ago; however, the molecular mechanisms by which MT1-mediated signaling affects physiology remain to be further elucidated. In this study, using HEK293 cells stably expressing the human MT1 receptor, melatonin induced a concentration-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). The melatonin-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at later time points (≥5 min) was strongly suppressed by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, but only a slight, if any, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation at early time points (≤2 min) was detected. Further experiments demonstrated that the Gβγ subunit, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and calcium-insensitive protein kinase C were involved in the MT1-mediated activation of ERK1/2 at later time points (≥5 min). Moreover, results derived from cAMP assays combined with a MT1 mutant indicated that the human MT1 receptor could also couple to Gs protein, stimulating intracellular cAMP formation, and that the MT1-induced activation of ERK1/2 at early time points (≤2 min) was mediated by the Gs/cAMP/PKA cascade. Our findings may provide new insights into the pharmacological effects and physiological functions modulated by the MT1-mediated activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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21
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Hutchinson AJ, Ma J, Liu J, Hudson RL, Dubocovich ML. Role of MT1 melatonin receptors in methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization in C57BL/6 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:257-67. [PMID: 23934259 PMCID: PMC4696604 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Melatonin modifies physiological and behavioral responses to psychostimulants, with the MT₁ and MT₂ melatonin receptors specifically implicated in facilitating methamphetamine (METH)-induced sensitization in melatonin-proficient mice. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to assess differences in locomotor sensitization after a single dose of methamphetamine in low-melatonin-expressing C57BL/6 wild-type and MT₁ receptor knockout (MT₁KO) mice, comparing with melatonin-expressing C3H/HeN mice. METHODS Mice received a vehicle or methamphetamine (1.2 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment (day 1) during the light (ZT5-9) or dark (ZT 19-21) periods in novel test arenas. Locomotor sensitization was assessed by methamphetamine challenge after an eight-day abstinence (day 9). TH protein expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Methamphetamine pretreatment induced statistically significant locomotor sensitization upon challenge after eight-day abstinence in C3H and C57 wild-type mice during the light period. The magnitude of sensitization in C57 mice was diminished in the dark period and completely abrogated in MT₁KO mice. No differences were observed in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Additional exposures to the test arenas after methamphetamine pretreatment (nights 2-6) enhanced sensitization. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of the MT₁ melatonin receptor abolishes sensitization induced by a single METH pretreatment. The magnitude of sensitization is also altered by time of day and contextual cues. We conclude that the MT₁ melatonin receptor is emerging as a novel target of therapeutic intervention for drug abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14221
| | - Jason Ma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14221
| | - Jiabei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14221
| | - Randall L. Hudson
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14221
| | - Margarita L. Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14221
- Corresponding Author. Margarita L. Dubocovich, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street (Farber Hall 102), University at Buffalo; Buffalo, NY 14221, Phone: 1-716-829-3048, Fax: 1-716-829-2801,
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22
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Zlotos DP, Jockers R, Cecon E, Rivara S, Witt-Enderby PA. MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: Ligands, Models, Oligomers, and Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3161-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius. P. Zlotos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016,
Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR
8104, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Erika Cecon
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 421 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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23
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The serotonin 5-HT7 receptors: two decades of research. Exp Brain Res 2013; 230:555-68. [PMID: 24042216 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Like most neurotransmitters, serotonin possesses a simple structure. However, the pharmacological consequences are more complex and diverse. Serotonin is involved in numerous functions in the human body including the control of appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, mood, behavior, cardiovascular function, muscle contraction, endocrine regulation, and depression. Low levels of serotonin may be associated with several disorders, namely increase in aggressive and angry behaviors, clinical depression, Parkinson's disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, tinnitus, and bipolar disease. These effects are mediated via different serotonin (5-HT) receptors. In this review, we will focus on the last discovered member of this serotonin receptor family, the 5-HT7 receptor. This receptor belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and was cloned two decades ago. Later, different splice variants were described but no major functional differences have been described so far. All 5-HT7 receptor variants are coupled to Gαs proteins and stimulate cAMP formation. Recently, several interacting proteins have been reported, which can influence receptor signaling and trafficking.
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De Berardis D, Marini S, Fornaro M, Srinivasan V, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C, Valchera A, Perna G, Quera-Salva MA, Martinotti G, di Giannantonio M. The melatonergic system in mood and anxiety disorders and the role of agomelatine: implications for clinical practice. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12458-83. [PMID: 23765220 PMCID: PMC3709794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts its actions through membrane MT1/MT2 melatonin receptors, which belong to the super family of G-protein-coupled receptors consisting of the typical seven transmembrane domains. MT1 and MT2 receptors are expressed in various tissues of the body either as single ones or together. A growing literature suggests that the melatonergic system may be involved in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. In fact, some core symptoms of depression show disturbance of the circadian rhythm in their clinical expression, such as diurnal mood and other symptomatic variation, or are closely linked to circadian system functioning, such as sleep-wake cycle alterations. In addition, alterations have been described in the circadian rhythms of several biological markers in depressed patients. Therefore, there is interest in developing antidepressants that have a chronobiotic effect (i.e., treatment of circadian rhythm disorders). As melatonin produces chronobiotic effects, efforts have been aimed at developing agomelatine, an antidepressant with melatonin agonist activity. The present paper reviews the role of the melatonergic system in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders and the clinical characteristics of agomelatine. Implications of agomelatine in "real world" clinical practice will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4 Teramo, Italy; E-Mail:
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti 66013, Italy; E-Mails: (G.M.); (M. G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0861429708; Fax: +39-0861429706
| | - Stefano Marini
- National Health Service, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4 Teramo, Italy; E-Mail:
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti 66013, Italy; E-Mails: (G.M.); (M. G.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of “Scienze della Formazione”, University of Catania, Catania 95121, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Venkataramanujam Srinivasan
- Sri Sathya Sai Medical Educational and Research Foundation, Medical Sciences Research Study Center, Prasanthi Nilayam, 40-Kovai Thirunagar Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641014, India; E-Mail:
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapeutics, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine “Federico II”, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mails: (F.I.); (C.T.)
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapeutics, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine “Federico II”, Naples 80131, Italy; E-Mails: (F.I.); (C.T.)
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Ascoli Piceno 63100, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni, Albese con Cassano, Como 22032, Italy; E-Mail:
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 33124 Miami, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria-Antonia Quera-Salva
- AP-HP Sleep Unit, Department of Physiology, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches 92380, France; E-Mail:
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti 66013, Italy; E-Mails: (G.M.); (M. G.)
| | - Massimo di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti 66013, Italy; E-Mails: (G.M.); (M. G.)
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25
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Proietti S, Cucina A, Reiter RJ, Bizzarri M. Molecular mechanisms of melatonin's inhibitory actions on breast cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2139-57. [PMID: 23007844 PMCID: PMC11113894 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in many physiological functions and it plays an important role in many pathological processes as well. Melatonin has been shown to reduce the incidence of experimentally induced cancers and can significantly inhibit the growth of some human tumors, namely hormone-dependent cancers. The anticancer effects of melatonin have been observed in breast cancer, both in in vivo with models of chemically induced rat mammary tumors, and in vitro studies on human breast cancer cell lines. Melatonin acts at different physiological levels and its antitumoral properties are supported by a set of complex, different mechanisms of action, involving apoptosis activation, inhibition of proliferation, and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Proietti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery “P.Valdoni”, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery “P.Valdoni”, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Systems Biology Group Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University “La Sapienza”, 14-16, Via Antonio Scarpa, Rome, 00161 Italy
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26
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Melatonin and pancreatic islets: interrelationships between melatonin, insulin and glucagon. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6981-7015. [PMID: 23535335 PMCID: PMC3645673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal hormone melatonin exerts its influence in the periphery through activation of two specific trans-membrane receptors: MT1 and MT2. Both isoforms are expressed in the islet of Langerhans and are involved in the modulation of insulin secretion from β-cells and in glucagon secretion from α-cells. De-synchrony of receptor signaling may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. This notion has recently been supported by genome-wide association studies identifying particularly the MT2 as a risk factor for this rapidly spreading metabolic disturbance. Since melatonin is secreted in a clearly diurnal fashion, it is safe to assume that it also has a diurnal impact on the blood-glucose-regulating function of the islet. This factor has hitherto been underestimated; the disruption of diurnal signaling within the islet may be one of the most important mechanisms leading to metabolic disturbances. The study of melatonin–insulin interactions in diabetic rat models has revealed an inverse relationship: an increase in melatonin levels leads to a down-regulation of insulin secretion and vice versa. Elucidation of the possible inverse interrelationship in man may open new avenues in the therapy of diabetes.
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27
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Huang H, Wang Z, Weng SJ, Sun XH, Yang XL. Neuromodulatory role of melatonin in retinal information processing. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 32:64-87. [PMID: 22986412 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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28
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Natarajan C, Hata AN, Hamm HE, Zent R, Breyer RM. Extracellular loop II modulates GTP sensitivity of the prostaglandin EP3 receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:206-16. [PMID: 23087260 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the majority of G protein-coupled receptors, the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) E-prostanoid 3 (EP3) receptor binds agonist with high affinity that is insensitive to the presence of guanosine 5[prime]-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTPγS). We report the identification of mutations that confer GTPγS sensitivity to agonist binding. Seven point mutations were introduced into the conserved motif in the second extracellular loop (ECII) of EP3, resulting in acquisition of GTP-sensitive agonist binding. One receptor mutation W203A was studied in detail. Loss of agonist binding was observed on intact human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing the W203A receptor, conditions where high GTP levels are present; however, high affinity binding [(3)H]PGE(2) was observed in broken cell preparations washed free of GTP. The [(3)H]PGE(2) binding of W203A in broken cell membrane fractions was inhibited by addition of GTPγS (IC(50) 21 ± 1.8 nM). Taken together, these results suggest that the wild-type EP3 receptor displays unusual characteristics of the complex coupled equilibria between agonist-receptor and receptor-G protein interaction. Moreover, mutation of ECII can alter this coupled equilibrium from GTP-insensitive agonist binding to more conventional GTP-sensitive binding. This suggests that for the mutant receptors, ECII plays a critical role in linking the agonist bound receptor conformation to the G protein nucleotide bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Natarajan
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, S3223 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-2372, USA
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29
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Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland deep within the brain in response to photoperiodic cues relayed from the retina via an endogenous circadian oscillator within the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. The circadian rhythm of melatonin production and release, characterized by nocturnal activity and daytime quiescence, is an important temporal signal to the body structures that can read it. Melatonin acts through high-affinity receptors located centrally and in numerous peripheral organs. Different receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterized: MT(1) and MT(2) (transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors), and MT(3). However, their physiological role remains unelucidated, although livestock management applications already include the control of seasonal breeding and milk production. As for potential therapeutic applications, exogenous melatonin or a melatonin agonist and selective 5-hydroxytrypiamine receptor (5-HT(2c)) antagonist, eg, S 20098, can be used to manipulate circadian processes such as the sleep-vake cycle, which are frequently disrupted in many conditions, most notably seasonal affective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pévet
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Rythmes, UMR 7518 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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30
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Devavry S, Legros C, Brasseur C, Delagrange P, Spadoni G, Cohen W, Malpaux B, Boutin JA, Nosjean O. Description of the constitutive activity of cloned human melatonin receptors hMT(1) and hMT(2) and discovery of inverse agonists. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:29-37. [PMID: 22017484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin receptors have been described to activate different G protein-dependent signaling pathways, both in laboratory, heterologous, cellular models and in physiological conditions. Furthermore, the constitutive activity of G protein-coupled receptors has been shown to be key in physiological and pathological conditions. In the case of melatonin receptors, information is rather scare and concerns only MT1 receptors. In the present report, we show that the G protein-coupled melatonin receptors do have a constitutive, nonmelatonin-induced signaling activity using two cellular models of different origins, the Chinese hamster ovary cell line and Neuro2A, a neuroblastoma cell line. Furthermore, we show that this constitutive activity involves mainly Gi proteins, which is consistent with the common knowledge on the melatonin receptors. Importantly, we also describe, for the first time, inverse agonist properties for melatonin ligands. Although it is clear than more in-depth, biochemistry-based studies will be required to better understand by which pathway(s) the constitutively active melatonin receptors transfer melatonin information into intracellular biochemical events; our data open interesting perspectives for understanding the importance of the constitutive activity of melatonin receptors in physiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Humans
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Devavry
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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31
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Constitutive activity of the A2A adenosine receptor and compartmentalised cyclic AMP signalling fine-tune noradrenaline release. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:677-92. [PMID: 22476939 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y (SH) cells endogenously express A(2A) adenosine receptors and can be differentiated into a sympathetic neuronal phenotype, capable of depolarisation-dependent noradrenaline release. Using differentiated SH culture, we here explored the link between A(2A)-receptor signalling and neurotransmitter release. In response to the receptor agonist CGS21680, the cells produced cyclic AMP (cAMP), and when depolarised, they released increased amounts of noradrenaline. An A(2A)-receptor antagonist, XAC, as well as an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), H89, depressed agonist-dependent release. In the presence of XAC or H89, noradrenaline release was found to be below basal values. This suggested that release facilitation also owes to constitutive receptor activity. We demonstrate that even in the absence of an agonist, the native A(2A)-receptor stimulated cAMP production, leading to the activation of PKA and enhanced noradrenaline release. Ancillary, non-cAMP-dependent effects of the receptor (i.e. phosphorylation of CREB, of Rabphilin3A) were refractory to constitutive activation. PKA-dependent facilitation of noradrenaline release was recapitulated with membrane-permeable 8-Br-cAMP; in addition to facilitation, 8-Br-cAMP caused marked inhibition of release, an effect not observed upon receptor activation. Inhibition by receptor-independent cAMP was likely due to suppression of voltage-dependent calcium current (VDCC) and increased activity of Src-family kinases. Receptor-mediated release facilitation was reproduced in the presence of tetrodotoxin (blocking action potentials); hence, the signalling occurred at the active zone comprising release sites. Our findings thus support (1) presynaptic localisation of the A(2A)-receptor and (2) suggest that compartmentalised pathways transmit cAMP signalling in order to facilitate depolarisation-dependent neurotransmitter release.
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32
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Lohse MJ, Nuber S, Hoffmann C. Fluorescence/bioluminescence resonance energy transfer techniques to study G-protein-coupled receptor activation and signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:299-336. [PMID: 22407612 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET and BRET) techniques allow the sensitive monitoring of distances between two labels at the nanometer scale. Depending on the placement of the labels, this permits the analysis of conformational changes within a single protein (for example of a receptor) or the monitoring of protein-protein interactions (for example, between receptors and G-protein subunits). Over the past decade, numerous such techniques have been developed to monitor the activation and signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in both the purified, reconstituted state and in intact cells. These techniques span the entire spectrum from ligand binding to the receptors down to intracellular second messengers. They allow the determination and the visualization of signaling processes with high temporal and spatial resolution. With these techniques, it has been demonstrated that GPCR signals may show spatial and temporal patterning. In particular, evidence has been provided for spatial compartmentalization of GPCRs and their signals in intact cells and for distinct physiological consequences of such spatial patterning. We review here the FRET and BRET technologies that have been developed for G-protein-coupled receptors and their signaling proteins (G-proteins, effectors) and the concepts that result from such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lohse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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33
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Ayoub MA, Al-Senaidy A, Pin JP. Receptor-G protein interaction studied by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer: lessons from protease-activated receptor 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:82. [PMID: 22737145 PMCID: PMC3381121 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its development, the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) approach has been extensively applied to study G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in real-time and in live cells. One of the major aspects of GPCRs investigated in considerable details is their physical coupling to the heterotrimeric G proteins. As a result, new concepts have emerged, but few questions are still a matter of debate illustrating the complexity of GPCR-G protein interactions and coupling. Here, we summarized the recent advances on our understanding of GPCR-G protein coupling based on BRET approaches and supported by other FRET-based studies. We essentially focused on our recent studies in which we addressed the concept of preassembly vs. the agonist-dependent interaction between the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and its cognate G proteins. We discussed the concept of agonist-induced conformational changes within the preassembled PAR1-G protein complexes as well as the critical question how the multiple coupling of PAR1 with two different G proteins, Gαi1 and Gα12, but also β-arrestin 1, can be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, Universities Montpellier 1 and 2Montpellier, France
- INSERM U661Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Akli Ayoub, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh – 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. e-mail: ; Jean-Philippe Pin, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Universities Montpellier 1 and 2 – 141, rue de la cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. e-mail:
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Senaidy
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, Universities Montpellier 1 and 2Montpellier, France
- INSERM U661Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Akli Ayoub, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh – 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. e-mail: ; Jean-Philippe Pin, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Universities Montpellier 1 and 2 – 141, rue de la cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. e-mail:
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34
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Devavry S, Legros C, Brasseur C, Cohen W, Guenin SP, Delagrange P, Malpaux B, Ouvry C, Cogé F, Nosjean O, Boutin JA. Molecular pharmacology of the mouse melatonin receptors MT₁ and MT₂. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:15-21. [PMID: 22202844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main melatonin receptors are two G-protein coupled receptors named MT(1) and MT(2). Having described the molecular pharmacology of the human versions of these receptors, we turned to two of the three species most useful in studying melatonin physiology: rat and sheep (a diurnal species used to understand the relationship between circadian rhythm and depression). We also employed previously used compounds to describe the mouse melatonin receptors; despite the early cloning of mouse receptors, few molecular pharmacology studies on these receptors exist. To our surprise, we detected no major differences between the data obtained from mice and those from other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Devavry
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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35
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Girardo M, Bettini N, Dema E, Cervellati S. The role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2011; 20 Suppl 1:S68-74. [PMID: 21416282 PMCID: PMC3087042 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in humans remains obscure and probably multifactorial. At present, there is no proven method or test available to identify children or adolescent at risk of developing AIS or identify which of the affected individuals are at risk of progression. Reported associations are linked in pathogenesis rather than etiologic factors. Melatonin may play a role in the pathogenesis of scoliosis (neuroendocrine hypothesis), but at present, the data available cannot clearly show the role of melatonin in producing scoliosis in humans. The data regarding human melatonin levels are mixed at best, and the melatonin deficiency as a causative factor in the etiology of scoliosis cannot be supported. It will be an important issue of future research to investigate the role of melatonin in human biology, the clinical efficacy, and safety of melatonin under different pathological situations. Research is needed to better define the role of all factors in AIS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Girardo
- Department of Spine Surgery, CTO/CRF/Maria Adelaide, Turin, Italy.
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36
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Molecular organization and dynamics of the melatonin MT₁ receptor/RGS20/G(i) protein complex reveal asymmetry of receptor dimers for RGS and G(i) coupling. EMBO J 2010; 29:3646-59. [PMID: 20859254 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional asymmetry of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) dimers has been reported for an increasing number of cases, but the molecular architecture of signalling units associated to these dimers remains unclear. Here, we characterized the molecular complex of the melatonin MT₁ receptor, which directly and constitutively couples to G(i) proteins and the regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) 20. The molecular organization of the ternary MT₁/G(i)/RGS20 complex was monitored in its basal and activated state by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between probes inserted at multiple sites of the complex. On the basis of the reported crystal structures of G(i) and the RGS domain, we propose a model wherein one G(i) and one RGS20 protein bind to separate protomers of MT₁ dimers in a pre-associated complex that rearranges upon agonist activation. This model was further validated with MT₁/MT₂ heterodimers. Collectively, our data extend the concept of asymmetry within GPCR dimers, reinforce the notion of receptor specificity for RGS proteins and highlight the advantage of GPCRs organized as dimers in which each protomer fulfils its specific task by binding to different GPCR-interacting proteins.
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Dubocovich ML, Delagrange P, Krause DN, Sugden D, Cardinali DP, Olcese J. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXV. Nomenclature, classification, and pharmacology of G protein-coupled melatonin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:343-80. [PMID: 20605968 PMCID: PMC2964901 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is synthesized primarily in the pineal gland and retina, and in several peripheral tissues and organs. In the circulation, the concentration of melatonin follows a circadian rhythm, with high levels at night providing timing cues to target tissues endowed with melatonin receptors. Melatonin receptors receive and translate melatonin's message to influence daily and seasonal rhythms of physiology and behavior. The melatonin message is translated through activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, MT(1) and MT(2), that are potential therapeutic targets in disorders ranging from insomnia and circadian sleep disorders to depression, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the steps taken since melatonin's discovery by Aaron Lerner in 1958 to functionally characterize, clone, and localize receptors in mammalian tissues. The pharmacological and molecular properties of the receptors are described as well as current efforts to discover and develop ligands for treatment of a number of illnesses, including sleep disorders, depression, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L Dubocovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Zhao WJ, Zhang M, Miao Y, Yang XL, Wang Z. Melatonin potentiates glycine currents through a PLC/PKC signalling pathway in rat retinal ganglion cells. J Physiol 2010; 588:2605-19. [PMID: 20519319 PMCID: PMC2916991 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.187641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate retina, melatonin regulates various physiological functions. In this work we investigated the mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced potentiation of glycine currents in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Immunofluorescence double labelling showed that rat RGCs were solely immunoreactive to melatonin MT(2) receptors. Melatonin potentiated glycine currents of RGCs, which was reversed by the MT(2) receptor antagonist 4-P-PDOT. The melatonin effect was blocked by intracellular dialysis of GDP-beta-S. Either preincubation with pertussis toxin or application of the phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor D609, but not the phosphatidylinositol (PI)-PLC inhibitor U73122, blocked the melatonin effect. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA potentiated the glycine currents and in the presence of PMA melatonin failed to cause further potentiation of the currents, whereas application of the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide IV abolished the melatonin-induced potentiation. The melatonin effect persisted when [Ca(2+)](i) was chelated by BAPTA, and melatonin induced no increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Neither cAMP-PKA nor cGMP-PKG signalling pathways seemed to be involved because 8-Br-cAMP or 8-Br-cGMP failed to cause potentiation of the glycine currents and both the PKA inhibitor H-89 and the PKG inhibitor KT5823 did not block the melatonin-induced potentiation. In consequence, a distinct PC-PLC/PKC signalling pathway, following the activation of G(i/o)-coupled MT(2) receptors, is most likely responsible for the melatonin-induced potentiation of glycine currents of rat RGCs. Furthermore, in rat retinal slices melatonin potentiated light-evoked glycine receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in RGCs. These results suggest that melatonin, being at higher levels at night, may help animals to detect positive or negative contrast in night vision by modulating inhibitory signals largely mediated by glycinergic amacrine cells in the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhao
- Institutes of Brain Science and Institute of Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has revealed itself as an ubiquitously distributed and functionally diverse molecule. The mechanisms that control its synthesis within the pineal gland have been well characterized and the retinal and biological clock processes that modulate the circadian production of melatonin in the pineal gland are rapidly being unravelled. A feature that characterizes melatonin is the variety of mechanisms it employs to modulate the physiology and molecular biology of cells. While many of these actions are mediated by well-characterized, G-protein coupled melatonin receptors in cellular membranes, other actions of the indole seem to involve its interaction with orphan nuclear receptors and with molecules, for example calmodulin, in the cytosol. Additionally, by virtue of its ability to detoxify free radicals and related oxygen derivatives, melatonin influences the molecular physiology of cells via receptor-independent means. These uncommonly complex processes often make it difficult to determine specifically how melatonin functions to exert its obvious actions. What is apparent, however, is that the actions of melatonin contribute to improved cellular and organismal physiology. In view of this and its virtual absence of toxicity, melatonin may well find applications in both human and veterinary medicine.
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Physiology and pharmacology of melatonin in relation to biological rhythms. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:383-410. [PMID: 19605939 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule that serves a time-keeping function in various species. In vertebrates, melatonin is produced predominantly by the pineal gland with a marked circadian rhythm that is governed by the central circadian pacemaker (biological clock) in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. High levels of melatonin are normally found at night, and low levels are seen during daylight hours. As a consequence, melatonin has been called the "darkness hormone". This review surveys the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of melatonin synthesis, receptor expression, and function. In particular, it addresses the physiological, pathological, and therapeutic aspects of melatonin in humans, with an emphasis on biological rhythms.
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Cogé F, Guenin SP, Fery I, Migaud M, Devavry S, Slugocki C, Legros C, Ouvry C, Cohen W, Renault N, Nosjean O, Malpaux B, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. The end of a myth: cloning and characterization of the ovine melatonin MT(2) receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1248-62. [PMID: 19814723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For many years, it was suspected that sheep expressed only one melatonin receptor (closely resembling MT(1) from other mammal species). Here we report the cloning of another melatonin receptor, MT(2), from sheep. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using a thermo-resistant reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction primer set homologous to the bovine MT(2) mRNA sequence, we have cloned and characterized MT(2) receptors from sheep retina. KEY RESULTS The ovine MT(2) receptor presents 96%, 72% and 67% identity with cattle, human and rat respectively. This MT(2) receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells showed high-affinity 2[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding (K(D)= 0.04 nM). The rank order of inhibition of 2[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding by melatonin, 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin and luzindole was similar to that exhibited by MT(2) receptors of other species (melatonin > 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin > luzindole). However, its pharmacological profile was closer to that of rat, rather than human MT(2) receptors. Functionally, the ovine MT(2) receptors were coupled to G(i) proteins leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, as the other melatonin receptors. In sheep brain, MT(2) mRNA was expressed in pars tuberalis, choroid plexus and retina, and moderately in mammillary bodies. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that in sheep pars tuberalis, premammillary hypothalamus and mammillary bodies, the temporal pattern of expression of MT(1) and MT(2) mRNA was not parallel in the three tissues. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Co-expression of MT(1) and MT(2) receptors in all analysed sheep brain tissues suggests that MT(2) receptors may participate in melatonin regulation of seasonal anovulatory activity in ewes by modulating MT(1) receptor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cogé
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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[Molecular and genetic aspects of idiopathic scoliosis. Blood test for idiopathic scoliosis]. DER ORTHOPADE 2009; 38:114-6, 118-21. [PMID: 19212754 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-008-1362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinal deformities, and particularly scoliosis, are the most frequent forms of orthopedic deformities in children and adolescents. About 1-6% of the population has scoliosis. This disorder leads to severe spinal deformities and predominantly affects adolescent girls.Although the multifactorial origin of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is broadly recognized, the genetic causes of AIS are still largely unknown. Our previous studies suggested a generalized dysfunction of melatonin transduction (the hormone that is primarily produced in the brain and epiphysis). In the meantime we have demonstrated that such a defect of signal transduction is caused by chemical alterations, which inactivate the function of the inhibitory G protein-coupled melatonin receptors. This discovery has led to the development of the first blood test to detect children without symptoms who are at risk of developing scoliosis. Since a single function (cellular reaction to melatonin) is determined, the unique advantage of this test is that it can be performed without knowledge of mutations in defective genes that could provoke the onset of AIS.
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Srinivasan V, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trahkt I, Spence DW, Poeggeler B, Hardeland R, Cardinali DP. Melatonin and melatonergic drugs on sleep: possible mechanisms of action. Int J Neurosci 2009; 119:821-46. [PMID: 19326288 DOI: 10.1080/00207450802328607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pineal melatonin is synthesized and secreted in close association with the light/dark cycle. The temporal relationship between the nocturnal rise in melatonin secretion and the "opening of the sleep gate" (i.e., the increase in sleep propensity at the beginning of the night), coupled with the sleep-promoting effects of exogenous melatonin, suggest that melatonin is involved in the regulation of sleep. The sleep-promoting and sleep/wake rhythm regulating effects of melatonin are attributed to its action on MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptors present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Animal experiments carried out in rats, cats, and monkeys have revealed that melatonin has the ability to reduce sleep onset time and increase sleep duration. However, clinical studies reveal inconsistent findings, with some of them reporting beneficial effects of melatonin on sleep, whereas in others only marginal effects are documented. Recently a prolonged-release 2-mg melatonin preparation (Circadin(TM)) was approved by the European Medicines Agency as a monotherapy for the short-term treatment of primary insomnia in patients who are aged 55 or above. Several melatonin derivatives have been shown to increase nonrapid eye movement (NREM) in rats and are of potential pharmacological importance. So far only one of these melatonin derivatives, ramelteon, has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to be used as a sleep promoter. Ramelteon is a novel MT(1) and MT(2) melatonergic agonist that has specific effects on melatonin receptors in the SCN and is effective in promoting sleep in experimental animals such as cats and monkeys. In clinical trials, ramelteon reduced sleep onset latency and promoted sleep in patients with chronic insomnia, including an older adult population. Both melatonin and ramelteon promote sleep by regulating the sleep/wake rhythm through their actions on melatonin receptors in the SCN, a unique mechanism of action not shared by any other hypnotics. Moreover, unlike benzodiazepines, ramelteon causes neither withdrawal effects nor dependence. Agomelatine, another novel melatonergic antidepressant in its final phase of approval for clinical use, has been shown to improve sleep in depressed patients and to have an antidepressant efficacy that is partially attributed to its effects on sleep-regulating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramanujan Srinivasan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM University, Kattankulathoor, Kancheepuram District, India
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Rögelsperger O, Ekmekcioglu C, Jäger W, Klimpfinger M, Königsberg R, Krenbek D, Sellner F, Thalhammer T. Coexpression of the melatonin receptor 1 and nestin in human breast cancer specimens. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:422-32. [PMID: 19552766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for melatonin (MT1) suppresses breast cancer cell growth in experimental models. To elucidate whether MT1 might play a role in cancer cells positive for the stem cell marker nestin, we assessed paired carcinomatous (Ca) and adjacent noncancerous (NCa) samples from 42 patients with primary breast cancer for MT1 and nestin by double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative image analysis with Tissue-Quest software. MT1 was located in luminal and myoepithelial cells in milk ducts and in tumor cells in 40/42 and 39/42 of NCa and Ca specimens, respectively, independent of hormone receptor and HER-2 status. Nestin was located together with MT1 in myoepithelial cells in 38 NCa specimens (total n = 42) and in 18 Ca specimens with intact milk ducts. Quantitative evaluation of selected 16 NCa and Ca samples revealed that MT1 levels were higher in invasive Ca sections than in NCa specimens in eight and lower in six cases. Specimens from higher tumor stages (TII/III) with a higher risk of relapse were associated with MT1/nestin co-staining in more than 10% of tumor cells, whereas a lack of co-staining correlated with lower tumor stages. Abundant expression of MT1 and, particularly, coexpression of MT1 with nestin in invading tumor cells in more advanced tumors suggest an important role for this GPCR in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rögelsperger
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology, Parthophysiology and Immunology, Medical university of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Melatonin acts both as a hormone of the pineal gland and as a local regulator molecule in various tissues. Quantities of total tissue melatonin exceed those released from the pineal. With regard to this dual role, to the orchestrating, systemic action on various target tissues, melatonin is highly pleiotropic. Numerous secondary effects result from the control of the circadian pacemaker and, in seasonal breeders, of the hypothalamic/pituitary hormonal axes. In mammals, various binding sites for melatonin have been identified, the membrane receptors MT(1) and MT(2), which are of utmost chronobiological importance, ROR and RZR isoforms as nuclear receptors from the retinoic acid receptor superfamily, quinone reductase 2, calmodulin, calreticulin, and mitochondrial binding sites. The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) MT(1) and MT(2) are capable of parallel or alternate signaling via different Galpha subforms, in particular, Galpha(i) (2/) (3) and Galpha(q), and via Gbetagamma, as well. Multiple signaling can lead to the activation of different cascades and/or ion channels. Melatonin frequently decreases cAMP, but also activates phospholipase C and protein kinase C, acts via the MAP kinase and PI3 kinase/Akt pathways, modulates large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. MT(1) and MT(2) can form homo and heterodimers, and MT(1) interacts with other proteins in the plasma membrane, such as an orphan GPCR, GPR50, and the PDZ domain scaffolding protein MUPP1, effects which negatively or positively influence signaling capacity. Cross-talks between different signaling pathways, including influences of the membrane receptors on nuclear binding sites, are discussed. (c) 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Vilardaga JP, Bünemann M, Feinstein TN, Lambert N, Nikolaev VO, Engelhardt S, Lohse MJ, Hoffmann C. GPCR and G proteins: drug efficacy and activation in live cells. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:590-9. [PMID: 19196832 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biochemical pathways are driven by G protein-coupled receptors, cell surface proteins that convert the binding of extracellular chemical, sensory, and mechanical stimuli into cellular signals. Their interaction with various ligands triggers receptor activation that typically couples to and activates heterotrimeric G proteins, which in turn control the propagation of secondary messenger molecules (e.g. cAMP) involved in critically important physiological processes (e.g. heart beat). Successful transfer of information from ligand binding events to intracellular signaling cascades involves a dynamic interplay between ligands, receptors, and G proteins. The development of Förster resonance energy transfer and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based methods has now permitted the kinetic analysis of initial steps involved in G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling in live cells and in systems as diverse as neurotransmitter and hormone signaling. The direct measurement of ligand efficacy at the level of the receptor by Förster resonance energy transfer is also now possible and allows intrinsic efficacies of clinical drugs to be linked with the effect of receptor polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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47
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Melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in mouse cerebellar granule cells. Neuroscience 2008; 155:1160-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Melatonin receptors, heterodimerization, signal transduction and binding sites: what's new? Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1182-95. [PMID: 18493248 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone that has been claimed to be involved in a wide range of physiological functions. Nevertheless, for most of its effects, the mechanism of action is not really known. In mammals, two melatonin receptors, MT1 and MT2, have been cloned. They belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. They share some specific short amino-acid sequences, which suggest that they represent a specific subfamily. Another receptor from the same subfamily, the melatonin-related receptor has been cloned in different species including humans. This orphan receptor also named GPR50 does not bind melatonin and its endogenous ligand is still unknown. Nevertheless, this receptor has been shown to behave as an antagonist of the MT1 receptor, which opens new pharmacological perspectives for GPR50 despite the lack of endogenous or synthetic ligands. Moreover, MT1 and MT2 interact together through the formation of heterodimers at least in cells transfected with the cDNA of these two receptors. Lastly, signalling complexes associated with MT1 and MT2 receptors are starting to be deciphered. A third melatonin-binding site has been purified and characterized as the enzyme quinone reductase 2 (QR2). Inhibition of QR2 by melatonin may explain melatonin's protective effect that has been reported in different animal models and that is generally associated with its well-documented antioxidant properties.
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Guillaume JL, Daulat AM, Maurice P, Levoye A, Migaud M, Brydon L, Malpaux B, Borg-Capra C, Jockers R. The PDZ protein mupp1 promotes Gi coupling and signaling of the Mt1 melatonin receptor. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16762-71. [PMID: 18378672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802069200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling events are often organized around PDZ (PSD-95/Drosophila Disc large/ZO-1 homology) domain-containing scaffolding proteins. The ubiquitously expressed multi-PDZ protein MUPP1, which is composed of 13 PDZ domains, has been shown to interact with multiple viral and cellular proteins and to play important roles in receptor targeting and trafficking. In this study, we show that MUPP1 binds to the G protein-coupled MT(1) melatonin receptor and directly regulates its G(i)-dependent signal transduction. Structural determinants involved in this interaction are the PDZ10 domain of MUPP1 and the valine of the canonical class III PDZ domain binding motif DSV of the MT(1) carboxyl terminus. This high affinity interaction (K(d) approximately 4 nm), which is independent of MT(1) activation, occurs in the ovine pars tuberalis of the pituitary expressing both proteins endogenously. Although the disruption of the MT(1)/MUPP1 interaction has no effect on the subcellular localization, trafficking, or degradation of MT(1), it destabilizes the interaction between MT(1) and G(i) and abolishes G(i)-mediated signaling of MT(1). Our findings highlight a previously unappreciated role of PDZ proteins in promoting G protein coupling to receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Guillaume
- Institut Cochin, Department of Cell Biology, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris 75014, France
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50
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Lundmark PO, Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Cardinali DP. Role of melatonin in the eye and ocular dysfunctions. Vis Neurosci 2007; 23:853-62. [PMID: 17266777 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523806230189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule and widely distributed in nature, with functional activity occurring in unicellular organisms, plants, fungi, and animals. Several studies have indicated that melatonin synthesis occurs in the retina of most vertebrates, including mammals. The retinal biosynthesis of melatonin and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of this process have been extensively studied. Circadian clocks located in the photoreceptors and retinal neurons regulate melatonin synthesis in the eye. Photoreceptors, dopaminergic amacrine neurons, and horizontal cells of the retina, corneal epithelium, stroma endothelium, and the sclera all have melatonin receptors, indicating a widespread ocular function for melatonin. In addition, melatonin is an effective antioxidant which scavenges free radicals and up-regulates several antioxidant enzymes. It also has a strong antiapoptotic signaling function, an effect that it exerts even during ischemia. Melatonin cytoprotective properties may have practical implications in the treatment of ocular diseases, like glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per O Lundmark
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Buskerud University College, Kongsberg, Norway
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