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Du S, Liang Q, Shi J. Progress of ATM inhibitors: Opportunities and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116781. [PMID: 39173286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) was first discovered in patients with AT (ataxia telangiectasia), which is characteristic with cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, being susceptible to malignant tumors and sensitive to radiation. ATM kinase could detect DNA double-strand breaks and play a vital role in the DNA damage response. Inhibiting the function of ATM could sensitize tumor cells to both ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy, as well as improve the chemoresistance and radioresistance observed in some patients. As such, ATM is a novel and important target for the cancer therapy. We reviewed ATM inhibitors reported in the last two decades, focusing on their development process, structure-activity relationships, inhibitory efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics in the preclinical and clinical studies. We summarized the clinical value of ATM inhibitors in tumors and some neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the main challenges to the development of the drugs, providing directions and references for the future development of ATM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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2
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Qian C, Li X, Zhang J, Wang Y. Small Molecular Inhibitors That Target ATM for Drug Discovery: Current Research and Potential Prospective. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14742-14767. [PMID: 39149790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a constituent of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, exerting a pivotal influence on diverse cellular processes, notably the signaling of double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) and stress response. The dysregulation of ATM is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases such as neurodegeneration. Hence, ATM is deemed a promising candidate for potential therapeutic interventions across a spectrum of diseases. Presently, while ATM small molecule inhibitors are not commercially available, various selective inhibitors have progressed to the clinical research phase. Specifically, AZD1390, WSD0628, SYH2051, and ZN-B-2262 are under investigation in clinical studies pertaining to glioblastoma multiforme and advanced solid tumors, respectively. In this Perspective, we encapsulate the structure, biological functions, and disease relevance of ATM. Subsequently, we concentrate on the design concepts and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of ATM inhibitors, delineating potential avenues for the development of more efficacious ATM-targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory and Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory and Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory and Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, Sichuan China
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3
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Jackson MR, Richards AR, Oladipupo ABA, Chahal SK, Caragher S, Chalmers AJ, Gomez-Roman N. ClonoScreen3D - A Novel 3-Dimensional Clonogenic Screening Platform for Identification of Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 120:162-177. [PMID: 38493899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor. Standard-of-care treatment comprising surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy results in median survival rates of 12 to 15 months. Molecular-targeted agents identified using conventional 2-dimensional (2D) in vitro models of GBM have failed to improve outcome in patients, rendering such models inadequate for therapeutic target identification. A previously developed 3D GBM in vitro model that recapitulates key GBM clinical features and responses to molecular therapies was investigated for utility for screening novel radiation-drug combinations using gold-standard clonogenic survival as readout. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patient-derived GBM cell lines were optimized for inclusion in a 96-well plate 3D clonogenic screening platform, ClonoScreen3D. Radiation responses of GBM cells in this system were highly reproducible and comparable to those observed in low-throughout 3D assays. The screen methodology provided quantification of candidate drug single agent activity (half maximal effective concentration or EC50) and the interaction between drug and radiation (radiation interaction ratio). RESULTS The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors talazoparib, rucaparib, and olaparib each showed a significant interaction with radiation by ClonoScreen3D and were subsequently confirmed as true radiosensitizers by full clonogenic assay. Screening a panel of DNA damage response inhibitors revealed the expected propensity of these compounds to interact significantly with radiation (13/15 compounds). A second screen assessed a panel of compounds targeting pathways identified by transcriptomic analysis and demonstrated single agent activity and a previously unreported interaction with radiation of dinaciclib and cytarabine (radiation interaction ratio 1.28 and 1.90, respectively). These compounds were validated as radiosensitizers in full clonogenic assays (sensitizer enhancement ratio 1.47 and 1.35, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The ClonoScreen3D platform was demonstrated to be a robust method to screen for single agent and radiation-drug combination activity. Using gold-standard clonogenicity, this assay is a tool for identification of radiosensitizers. We anticipate this technology will accelerate identification of novel radiation-drug combinations with genuine translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Jackson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amanda R Richards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sandeep K Chahal
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Seamus Caragher
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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Lee JH. Targeting the ATM pathway in cancer: Opportunities, challenges and personalized therapeutic strategies. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102808. [PMID: 39106770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the DNA damage response, maintaining genomic stability, and regulating various cellular processes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ATM's structure, activation mechanisms, and various functions in cancer development, progression, and treatment. I discuss ATM's dual nature as both a tumor suppressor and potential promoter of cancer cell survival in certain contexts. The article explores the complex signaling pathways mediated by ATM, its interactions with other DNA repair mechanisms, and its influence on cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, and metabolism. I examine the clinical implications of ATM alterations, including their impact on cancer predisposition, prognosis, and treatment response. The review highlights recent advances in ATM-targeted therapies, discussing ongoing clinical trials of ATM inhibitors and their potential in combination with other treatment modalities. I also address the challenges in developing effective biomarkers for ATM activity and patient selection strategies for personalized cancer therapy. Finally, I outline future research directions, emphasizing the need for refined biomarker development, optimized combination therapies, and strategies to overcome potential resistance mechanisms. This comprehensive overview underscores the critical importance of ATM in cancer biology and its emerging potential as a therapeutic target in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Kiri S, Ryba T. Cancer, metastasis, and the epigenome. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:154. [PMID: 39095874 PMCID: PMC11295362 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and disease burden is expected to increase globally throughout the next several decades, with the majority of cancer-related deaths occurring in metastatic disease. Cancers exhibit known hallmarks that endow them with increased survival and proliferative capacities, frequently as a result of de-stabilizing mutations. However, the genomic features that resolve metastatic clones from primary tumors are not yet well-characterized, as no mutational landscape has been identified as predictive of metastasis. Further, many cancers exhibit no known mutation signature. This suggests a larger role for non-mutational genome re-organization in promoting cancer evolution and dissemination. In this review, we highlight current critical needs for understanding cell state transitions and clonal selection advantages for metastatic cancer cells. We examine links between epigenetic states, genome structure, and misregulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, and discuss how recent technologies for understanding domain-scale regulation have been leveraged for a more complete picture of oncogenic and metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kiri
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd., Orlando, 32827, Florida, USA.
| | - Tyrone Ryba
- Department of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Rd., Sarasota, 34243, Florida, USA.
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Previtali V, Bagnolini G, Ciamarone A, Ferrandi G, Rinaldi F, Myers SH, Roberti M, Cavalli A. New Horizons of Synthetic Lethality in Cancer: Current Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11488-11521. [PMID: 38955347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic lethality has been recognized as a solid paradigm for anticancer therapies. The discovery of a growing number of synthetic lethal targets has led to a significant expansion in the use of synthetic lethality, far beyond poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors used to treat BRCA1/2-defective tumors. In particular, molecular targets within DNA damage response have provided a source of inhibitors that have rapidly reached clinical trials. This Perspective focuses on the most recent progress in synthetic lethal targets and their inhibitors, within and beyond the DNA damage response, describing their design and associated therapeutic strategies. We will conclude by discussing the current challenges and new opportunities for this promising field of research, to stimulate discussion in the medicinal chemistry community, allowing the investigation of synthetic lethality to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Previtali
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Greta Bagnolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciamarone
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ferrandi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Rinaldi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuel Harry Myers
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Rathi S, Oh JH, Zhang W, Mladek AC, Garcia DA, Xue Z, Burgenske DM, Zhang W, Le J, Zhong W, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. Preclinical Systemic Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Central Nervous System Distribution of the ATM Inhibitor WSD0628, a Novel Radiosensitizer for the Treatment of Brain Tumors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:260-275. [PMID: 38858089 PMCID: PMC11264258 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy, a standard treatment option for many cancer patients, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to cell death. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a key regulator of DSB repair, and ATM inhibitors are being explored as radiosensitizers for various tumors, including primary and metastatic brain tumors. Efficacy of radiosensitizers for brain tumors may be influenced by a lack of effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was to evaluate the systemic pharmacokinetics and mechanisms that influence the central nervous system (CNS) distribution of WSD0628, a novel and potent ATM inhibitor, in the mouse. Further, we have used these observations to form the basis of predicting effective exposures for clinical application. We observed a greater than dose proportional increase in exposure, likely due to saturation of clearance processes. Our results show that WSD0628 is orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant, with unbound partitioning in CNS (i.e., unbound tissue partition coefficient) between 0.15 and 0.3. CNS distribution is not limited by the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistant protein. WSD0628 is distributed uniformly among different brain regions. Thus, WSD0628 has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and potential for further exploration to determine the pharmacodynamics-pharmacokinetics efficacy relationship in CNS tumors. This approach will provide critical insights for the clinical translation of WSD0628 for the treatment of primary and secondary brain tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study evaluates the preclinical systemic pharmacokinetics, dose proportionality, and mechanisms influencing CNS distribution of WSD0628, a novel ATM inhibitor for the treatment of brain tumors. Results indicate that WSD0628 is orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant without efflux transporter liability. We also observed a greater than dose proportional increase in exposure in both the plasma and brain. These favorable pharmacokinetic properties indicate WSD0628 has potential for further exploration for use as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Rathi
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Darwin A Garcia
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Danielle M Burgenske
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Jiayan Le
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhong
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
| | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.R., J.-H.O., W.J.Z., W.Q.Z., J.L., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (A.C.M., D.A.G., Z.X., D.M.B., J.N.S.); and WayShine Biopharm, Shanghai, China (W.Z.)
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8
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Xu J, Wang C, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zhao X, Wu J. In Situ Aggregated Nanomanganese Enhances Radiation-Induced Antitumor Immunity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34450-34466. [PMID: 38941284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Radiosensitizers play a pivotal role in enhancing radiotherapy (RT). One of the challenges in RT is the limited accumulation of nanoradiosensitizers and the difficulty in activating antitumor immunity. Herein, a smart strategy was used to achieve in situ aggregation of nanomanganese adjuvants (MnAuNP-C&B) to enhance RT-induced antitumor immunity. The aggregated MnAuNP-C&B system overcomes the shortcomings of small-sized nanoparticles that easily flow back into blood vessels and diffuse into surrounding tissues, and it also prolongs the retention time of nanomanganese within cancer cells and tumors. The MnAuNP-C&B system significantly enhances the radiosensitization effect in RT. Additionally, the pH-responsive disassembly of MnAuNP-C&B triggers the release of Mn2+, further promoting RT-induced activation of the STING pathway and eliciting robust antitumor immunity. Overall, our study presents a smart strategy wherein in situ aggregation of nanomanganese effectively inhibits tumor growth through radiosensitization and the activation of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Xu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Liu SF, Li MJ, Liang B, Sun W, Shao Y, Hu X, Xing D. Breaking the barrier: Nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy as the new vanguard in brain tumor treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1394816. [PMID: 39021831 PMCID: PMC11252536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of effective treatments for brain tumors has increasingly focused on the promising area of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy (NERT). This review elucidates the context and significance of NERT, with a particular emphasis on its application in brain tumor therapy-a field where traditional treatments often encounter obstacles due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cells' inherent resistance. The aims of this review include synthesizing recent advancements, analyzing action mechanisms, and assessing the clinical potential and challenges associated with nanoparticle (NP) use in radiotherapy enhancement. Preliminary preclinical studies have established a foundation for NERT, demonstrating that nanoparticles (NPs) can serve as radiosensitizers, thereby intensifying radiotherapy's efficacy. Investigations into various NP types, such as metallic, magnetic, and polymeric, have each unveiled distinct interactions with ionizing radiation, leading to an augmented destruction of tumor cells. These interactions, encompassing physical dose enhancement and biological and chemical radio sensitization, are crucial to the NERT strategy. Although clinical studies are in their early phases, initial trials have shown promising results in terms of tumor response rates and survival, albeit with mindful consideration of toxicity profiles. This review examines pivotal studies affirming NERT's efficacy and safety. NPs have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy by overcoming challenges in targeted delivery, reducing off-target effects, and harmonizing with other modalities. Future directions include refining NP formulations, personalizing therapies, and navigating regulatory pathways. NERT holds promise to transform brain tumor treatment and provide hope for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi feng Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Jiao Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenshe Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingchun Shao
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Laverty DJ, Gupta SK, Bradshaw GA, Hunter AS, Carlson BL, Calmo NM, Chen J, Tian S, Sarkaria JN, Nagel ZD. ATM inhibition exploits checkpoint defects and ATM-dependent double strand break repair in TP53-mutant glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5294. [PMID: 38906885 PMCID: PMC11192742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the balance between DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) pathways is essential for understanding treatment response in cancer. We report a method for simultaneously measuring non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Using this method, we show that patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) samples with acquired temozolomide (TMZ) resistance display elevated HR and MMEJ activity, suggesting that these pathways contribute to treatment resistance. We screen clinically relevant small molecules for DSBR inhibition with the aim of identifying improved GBM combination therapy regimens. We identify the ATM kinase inhibitor, AZD1390, as a potent dual HR/MMEJ inhibitor that suppresses radiation-induced phosphorylation of DSBR proteins, blocks DSB end resection, and enhances the cytotoxic effects of TMZ in treatment-naïve and treatment-resistant GBMs with TP53 mutation. We further show that a combination of G2/M checkpoint deficiency and reliance upon ATM-dependent DSBR renders TP53 mutant GBMs hypersensitive to TMZ/AZD1390 and radiation/AZD1390 combinations. This report identifies ATM-dependent HR and MMEJ as targetable resistance mechanisms in TP53-mutant GBM and establishes an approach for simultaneously measuring multiple DSBR pathways in treatment selection and oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Laverty
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiajia Chen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | | | | | - Zachary D Nagel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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11
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Fabbrizi MR, Doggett TJ, Hughes JR, Melia E, Dufficy ER, Hill RM, Goula A, Phoenix B, Parsons JL. Inhibition of key DNA double strand break repair protein kinases enhances radiosensitivity of head and neck cancer cells to X-ray and proton irradiation. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:282. [PMID: 38866739 PMCID: PMC11169544 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation (IR) is widely used in cancer treatment, including for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), where it induces significant DNA damage leading ultimately to tumour cell death. Among these lesions, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most threatening lesion to cell survival. The two main repair mechanisms that detect and repair DSBs are non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Among these pathways, the protein kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) and the DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-Pkcs) play key roles in the sensing of the DSB and subsequent coordination of the downstream repair events. Consequently, targeting these kinases with potent and specific inhibitors is considered an approach to enhance the radiosensitivity of tumour cells. Here, we have investigated the impact of inhibition of ATM, ATR and DNA-Pkcs on the survival and growth of six radioresistant HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines in combination with either X-ray irradiation or proton beam therapy, and confirmed the mechanistic pathway leading to cell radiosensitisation. Using inhibitors targeting ATM (AZD1390), ATR (AZD6738) and DNA-Pkcs (AZD7648), we observed that this led to significantly decreased clonogenic survival of HNSCC cell lines following both X-ray and proton irradiation. Radiosensitisation of HNSCC cells grown as 3D spheroids was also observed, particularly following ATM and DNA-Pkcs inhibition. We confirmed that the inhibitors in combination with X-rays and protons led to DSB persistence, and increased micronuclei formation. Cumulatively, our data suggest that targeting DSB repair, particularly via ATM and DNA-Pkcs inhibition, can exacerbate the impact of ionising radiation in sensitising HNSCC cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Thomas J Doggett
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan R Hughes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Emma Melia
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Dufficy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Rhianna M Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amalia Goula
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Ben Phoenix
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jason L Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
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12
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Gilmer TM, Lai CH, Guo K, Deland K, Ashcraft KA, Stewart AE, Wang Y, Fu J, Wood KC, Kirsch DG, Kastan MB. A Novel Dual ATM/DNA-PK Inhibitor, XRD-0394, Potently Radiosensitizes and Potentiates PARP and Topoisomerase I Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:751-765. [PMID: 38588408 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A majority of patients with cancer receive radiotherapy as part of their treatment regimens whether using external beam therapy or locally-delivered radioisotopes. While often effective, some tumors are inadequately controlled with radiation and radiotherapy has significant short-term and long-term toxicities for cancer survivors. Insights into molecular mechanisms involved in cellular responses to DNA breaks introduced by radiation or other cancer therapies have been gained in recent years and approaches to manipulate these responses to enhance tumor cell killing or reduce normal tissue toxicity are of great interest. Here, we report the identification and initial characterization of XRD-0394, a potent and specific dual inhibitor of two DNA damage response kinases, ATM and DNA-PKcs. This orally bioavailable molecule demonstrates significantly enhanced tumor cell kill in the setting of therapeutic ionizing irradiation in vitro and in vivo. XRD-0394 also potentiates the effectiveness of topoisomerase I inhibitors in vitro. In addition, in cells lacking BRCA1/2 XRD-0394 shows single-agent activity and synergy in combination with PARP inhibitors. A phase Ia clinical trial (NCT05002140) with XRD-0394 in combination with radiotherapy has completed. These results provide a rationale for future clinical trials with XRD-0394 in combination with radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and targeted delivery of topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kexiao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine Deland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen A Ashcraft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amy E Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael B Kastan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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13
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Ng YB, Akincilar SC. Shaping DNA damage responses: Therapeutic potential of targeting telomeric proteins and DNA repair factors in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 76:102460. [PMID: 38776747 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Shelterin proteins regulate genomic stability by preventing inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs) at telomeres. Unprotected telomeres lead to persistent DDR causing cell cycle inhibition, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Cancer cells rely on DDR to protect themselves from DNA lesions and exogenous DNA-damaging agents such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting DDR machinery is a promising strategy to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to existing cancer therapies. However, the success of these DDR inhibitors depends on other mutations, and over time, patients develop resistance to these therapies. This suggests the need for alternative approaches. One promising strategy is co-inhibiting shelterin proteins with DDR molecules, which would offset cellular fitness in DNA repair in a mutation-independent manner. This review highlights the associations and dependencies of the shelterin complex with the DDR proteins and discusses potential co-inhibition strategies that might improve the therapeutic potential of current inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin Ng
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Semih Can Akincilar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
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14
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Dibitetto D, Liptay M, Vivalda F, Dogan H, Gogola E, González Fernández M, Duarte A, Schmid JA, Decollogny M, Francica P, Przetocka S, Durant ST, Forment JV, Klebic I, Siffert M, de Bruijn R, Kousholt AN, Marti NA, Dettwiler M, Sørensen CS, Tille JC, Undurraga M, Labidi-Galy I, Lopes M, Sartori AA, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S. H2AX promotes replication fork degradation and chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient tumours. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4430. [PMID: 38789420 PMCID: PMC11126719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone H2AX plays a key role in DNA damage signalling in the surrounding regions of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In response to DNA damage, H2AX becomes phosphorylated on serine residue 139 (known as γH2AX), resulting in the recruitment of the DNA repair effectors 53BP1 and BRCA1. Here, by studying resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA1/2-deficient mammary tumours, we identify a function for γH2AX in orchestrating drug-induced replication fork degradation. Mechanistically, γH2AX-driven replication fork degradation is elicited by suppressing CtIP-mediated fork protection. As a result, H2AX loss restores replication fork stability and increases chemoresistance in BRCA1/2-deficient tumour cells without restoring homology-directed DNA repair, as highlighted by the lack of DNA damage-induced RAD51 foci. Furthermore, in the attempt to discover acquired genetic vulnerabilities, we find that ATM but not ATR inhibition overcomes PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance in H2AX-deficient tumours by interfering with CtIP-mediated fork protection. In summary, our results demonstrate a role for H2AX in replication fork biology in BRCA-deficient tumours and establish a function of H2AX separable from its classical role in DNA damage signalling and DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dibitetto
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Martin Liptay
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Vivalda
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hülya Dogan
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martín González Fernández
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Duarte
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas A Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Decollogny
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Przetocka
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen T Durant
- DDR Biology, Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- DDR Biology, Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Ismar Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Siffert
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne N Kousholt
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole A Marti
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Christophe Tille
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Undurraga
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics and Gynecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Center of Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, 4, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Landman N, Hulsman D, Badhai J, Kopparam J, Puppe J, Pandey GK, van Lohuizen M. Combination of EZH2 and ATM inhibition in BAP1-deficient mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1855-1865. [PMID: 38519707 PMCID: PMC11130181 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of mesothelioma tumours show alterations in the tumour suppressor gene BAP1. BAP1-deficient mesothelioma is shown to be sensitive to EZH2 inhibition in preclinical settings but only showed modest efficacy in clinical trial. Adding a second inhibitor could potentially elevate EZH2i treatment efficacy while preventing acquired resistance at the same time. METHODS A focused drug synergy screen consisting of 20 drugs was performed by combining EZH2 inhibition with a panel of anti-cancer compounds in mesothelioma cell lines. The compounds used are under preclinical investigation or already used in the clinic. The synergistic potential of the combinations was assessed by using the Bliss model. To validate our findings, in vivo xenograft experiments were performed. RESULTS Combining EZH2i with ATMi was found to have synergistic potential against BAP1-deficient mesothelioma in our drug screen, which was validated in clonogenicity assays. Tumour growth inhibition potential was significantly increased in BAP1-deficient xenografts. In addition, we observe lower ATM levels upon depletion of BAP1 and hypothesise that this might be mediated by E2F1. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the efficacy of the combination of ATM and EZH2 inhibition against BAP1-deficient mesothelioma in preclinical models, indicating the potential of this combination as a novel treatment modality using BAP1 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Landman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Hulsman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jitendra Badhai
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jawahar Kopparam
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Puppe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gaurav Kumar Pandey
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Maarten van Lohuizen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Justice JL, Reed TJ, Phelan B, Greco TM, Hutton JE, Cristea IM. DNA-PK and ATM drive phosphorylation signatures that antagonistically regulate cytokine responses to herpesvirus infection or DNA damage. Cell Syst 2024; 15:339-361.e8. [PMID: 38593799 PMCID: PMC11098675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PK, is an essential regulator of DNA damage repair. DNA-PK-driven phosphorylation events and the activated DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are also components of antiviral intrinsic and innate immune responses. Yet, it is not clear whether and how the DNA-PK response differs between these two forms of nucleic acid stress-DNA damage and DNA virus infection. Here, we define DNA-PK substrates and the signature cellular phosphoproteome response to DNA damage or infection with the nuclear-replicating DNA herpesvirus, HSV-1. We establish that DNA-PK negatively regulates the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) DDR kinase during viral infection. In turn, ATM blocks the binding of DNA-PK and the nuclear DNA sensor IFI16 to viral DNA, thereby inhibiting cytokine responses. However, following DNA damage, DNA-PK enhances ATM activity, which is required for IFN-β expression. These findings demonstrate that the DDR autoregulates cytokine expression through the opposing modulation of DDR kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Justice
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tavis J Reed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Brett Phelan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Josiah E Hutton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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18
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Ran X, Wu BX, Shi M, Song L, Nixon K, Philip V, He HH, Tsao MS, Lok BH. CRISPR Screen of Druggable Targets in Small Cell Lung Cancer Identified ATM Inhibitor (AZD1390) as a Radiosensitizer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1308-1314. [PMID: 38104868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive and lethal form of lung cancer and the overall 5-year survival (OS) for patients is a dismal 7%. Radiation therapy (RT) provides some benefit for selected patients with SCLC but could be improved with radiosensitizing agents. In this study, we identified novel radiosensitizers for SCLC by a CRISPR-Cas9 screen and evaluated the efficacy of ATM inhibitor AZD1390 as a radiosensitizer of SCLC. METHODS AND MATERIALS We transduced the SCLC cell line SBC5 with a custom CRISPR sgRNA library focused on druggable gene targets and treated cells with RT. Cells collected at multiple timepoints were subjected to next-generation sequencing. We determined radiosensitization both in vitro with cell lines assessed by short-term viability and clonogenic assays, and in vivo mouse models by tumor growth delay. Pharmacodynamic effects of AZD1390 were quantified by ATM-Ser1981 phosphorylation, and RT-induced DNA damage by comet assay. RESULTS Using a CRISPR dropout screen, we identified multiple radiosensitizing genes for SCLC at various timepoints with ATM as a top determinant gene for radiosensitivity. Validation by ATM knockout (KO) demonstrated increased radiosensitivity by short-term viability assay (dose modification factor [DMF]50 = 3.25-3.73 in SBC5 ATM-KO) and clonogenic assays (DMF37 1.25-1.65 in SBC5 ATM-KO). ATM inhibition by AZD1390 effectively abrogated ATM Ser1981 phosphorylation in SCLC cell lines and increased RT-induced DNA damage. AZD1390 synergistically increased the radiosensitivity of SCLC cell lines (cell viability assay: SBC5 DMF37 = 2.19, SHP77 DMF37 = 1.56, H446 DMF37 = 3.27, KP1 DMF37 = 1.65 at 100nM; clonogenic assay: SBC5 DMF37 = 4.23, H1048 DMF37 = 1.91), and in vivo murine syngeneic, KP1, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, JHU-LX108 and JHU-LX33. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that genetically and pharmacologically (AZD1390) inhibiting ATM markedly enhanced RT against SCLC, providing a novel pharmacologically tractable radiosensitizing strategy for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Ran
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bell Xi Wu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Shi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lifang Song
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Nixon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Philip
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Jabbour SK, Kumar R, Anderson B, Chino JP, Jethwa KR, McDowell L, Lo AC, Owen D, Pollom EL, Tree AC, Tsang DS, Yom SS. Combinatorial Approaches for Chemotherapies and Targeted Therapies With Radiation: United Efforts to Innovate in Patient Care. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1240-1261. [PMID: 38216094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial therapies consisting of radiation therapy (RT) with systemic therapies, particularly chemotherapy and targeted therapies, have moved the needle to augment disease control across nearly all disease sites for locally advanced disease. Evaluating these important combinations to incorporate more potent therapies with RT will aid our understanding of toxicity and efficacy for patients. This article discusses multiple disease sites and includes a compilation of contributions from expert Red Journal editors from each disease site. Leveraging improved systemic control with novel agents, we must continue efforts to study novel treatment combinations with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey.
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey
| | - Bethany Anderson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Junzo P Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Krishan R Jethwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lachlan McDowell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrea C Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dawn Owen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erqi L Pollom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alison C Tree
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek S Tsang
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, California
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20
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Zhou H, Wang YX, Wu M, Lan X, Xiang D, Cai R, Ma Q, Miao J, Fang X, Wang J, Luo D, He Z, Cui Y, Liang P, Wang Y, Bian XW. FANCD2 deficiency sensitizes SHH medulloblastoma to radiotherapy via ferroptosis. J Pathol 2024; 262:427-440. [PMID: 38229567 DOI: 10.1002/path.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard therapeutic regimens for medulloblastoma (MB). Tumor cells utilize DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms to survive and develop resistance during radiotherapy. It has been found that targeting DDR sensitizes tumor cells to radiotherapy in several types of cancer, but whether and how DDR pathways are involved in the MB radiotherapy response remain to be determined. Single-cell RNA sequencing was carried out on 38 MB tissues, followed by expression enrichment assays. Fanconi anemia group D2 gene (FANCD2) expression was evaluated in MB samples and public MB databases. The function of FANCD2 in MB cells was examined using cell counting assays (CCK-8), clone formation, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and in mouse orthotopic models. The FANCD2-related signaling pathway was investigated using assays of peroxidation, a malondialdehyde assay, a reduced glutathione assay, and using FerroOrange to assess intracellular iron ions (Fe2+ ). Here, we report that FANCD2 was highly expressed in the malignant sonic hedgehog (SHH) MB subtype (SHH-MB). FANCD2 played an oncogenic role and predicted worse prognosis in SHH-MB patients. Moreover, FANCD2 knockdown markedly suppressed viability, mobility, and growth of SHH-MB cells and sensitized SHH-MB cells to irradiation. Mechanistically, FANCD2 deficiency led to an accumulation of Fe2+ due to increased divalent metal transporter 1 expression and impaired glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, which further activated ferroptosis and reduced proliferation of SHH-MB cells. Using an orthotopic mouse model, we observed that radiotherapy combined with silencing FANCD2 significantly inhibited the growth of SHH-MB cell-derived tumors in vivo. Our study revealed FANCD2 as a potential therapeutic target in SHH-MB and silencing FANCD2 could sensitize SHH-MB cells to radiotherapy via inducing ferroptosis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dongfang Xiang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ruili Cai
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingya Miao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Fang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Pathology, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Chongqing, PR China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Pathology, Chongqing, PR China
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21
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Lan Z, Qu L, Liang Y, Chen L, Xu S, Ge J, Xue Z, Bao X, Xia S, Yang H, Huang J, Xu Y, Zhu X. AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitor, attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14696. [PMID: 38668740 PMCID: PMC11048048 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Excessive neuroinflammation mediated mainly by microglia plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. AZD1390, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) specific inhibitor, has been shown to promote radio-sensitization and survival in central nervous system malignancies, while the role of AZD1390 in ischemic stroke remains unknown. METHODS Real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Behavioral tests were performed to measure neurological deficits. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was conducted to assess the infarct volume. The activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was explored through immunofluorescence staining, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. RESULTS The level of pro-inflammation cytokines and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was suppressed by AZD1390 in vitro and in vivo. The behavior deficits and infarct size were partially restored with AZD1390 treatment in experimental stroke. AZD1390 restrict ubiquitylation and sumoylation of the essential regulatory subunit of NF-κB (NEMO) in an ATM-dependent and ATM-independent way respectively, which reduced the activation of the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION AZD1390 suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate ischemic brain injury in experimental stroke, and attenuated microglia activation and neuroinflammation, which indicated that AZD1390 might be an attractive agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lan
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Long‐jie Qu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Li‐qiu Chen
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jian‐wei Ge
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zhi‐wei Xue
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xin‐yu Bao
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Sheng‐nan Xia
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hai‐yan Yang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xiao‐lei Zhu
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- Department of NeurologyNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingJiangsuChina
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22
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Meitinger F, Belal H, Davis RL, Martinez MB, Shiau AK, Oegema K, Desai A. Control of cell proliferation by memories of mitosis. Science 2024; 383:1441-1448. [PMID: 38547292 DOI: 10.1126/science.add9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitotic duration is tightly constrained, and extended mitosis is characteristic of problematic cells prone to chromosome missegregation and genomic instability. We show here that mitotic extension leads to the formation of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1)-ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28)-p53 protein complexes that are transmitted to, and stably retained by, daughter cells. Complexes assembled through a Polo-like kinase 1-dependent mechanism during extended mitosis and elicited a p53 response in G1 that prevented the proliferation of the progeny of cells that experienced an approximately threefold extended mitosis or successive less extended mitoses. The ability to monitor mitotic extension was lost in p53-mutant cancers and some p53-wild-type (p53-WT) cancers, consistent with classification of TP53BP1 and USP28 as tumor suppressors. Cancers retaining the ability to monitor mitotic extension exhibited sensitivity to antimitotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Meitinger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hazrat Belal
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Robert L Davis
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mallory B Martinez
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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23
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Woolley PR, Wen X, Conway OM, Ender NA, Lee JH, Paull TT. Regulation of transcription patterns, poly(ADP-ribose), and RNA-DNA hybrids by the ATM protein kinase. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113896. [PMID: 38442018 PMCID: PMC11022685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response and also an important sensor of oxidative stress. Analysis of gene expression in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patient brain tissue shows that large-scale transcriptional changes occur in patient cerebellum that correlate with the expression level and guanine-cytosine (GC) content of transcribed genes. In human neuron-like cells in culture, we map locations of poly(ADP-ribose) and RNA-DNA hybrid accumulation genome-wide with ATM inhibition and find that these marks also coincide with high transcription levels, active transcription histone marks, and high GC content. Antioxidant treatment reverses the accumulation of R-loops in transcribed regions, consistent with the central role of reactive oxygen species in promoting these lesions. Based on these results, we postulate that transcription-associated lesions accumulate in ATM-deficient cells and that the single-strand breaks and PARylation at these sites ultimately generate changes in transcription that compromise cerebellum function and lead to neurodegeneration over time in A-T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Woolley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xuemei Wen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Olivia M Conway
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicolette A Ender
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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24
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Liu L, Hu X, Feng J, Lei A, Huang S, Liu X, Liu H, Luo L, Yao W. Suppression of DNMT1 combined with ATM or ATR inhibitor as a therapeutic combination of acute myeloid leukemia. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:251-262. [PMID: 38164802 PMCID: PMC10833198 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The potential treatment option of targeting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has been explored, but further investigation is required to assess the efficacy of combination therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, bioinformatics and online databases were utilized to select the combined therapeutic targets. The potential kinases associated with DNMT1-related genes in AML were analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and X2K Appyter (Expression2Kinases) database. In-vitro evaluations were conducted to assess the synergistic effects between DNMT1 and ATR/ATM in five AML cell lines (MOLM-16, NB-4, HEL 92.1.7, HEL, EOL-1). In our study, ATR and ATM are primarily the kinases associated with DNMT1-related genes in AML. We observed a significant upregulation of DNMT1, ATR, and ATM expression in AML tissues and cell lines. The five AML cell lines demonstrated sensitivity to monotherapy with GSK-368, AZD-1390, or AZD-6738 (EC50 value ranges from 5.461 to 7.349 nM, 5.821 to 10.120 nM, and 7.618 to 10.100 nM, respectively). A considerable synergistic effect was observed in AML cell lines when combining GSK-368 and AZD-1390, GSK-368 and AZD-6738, or AZD-1390 and AZD-6738, resulting in induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell growth. DNMT1, ATM, and ATR possess potential as therapeutic targets for AML. Both individual targeting and combination targeting of these molecules have been confirmed as promising therapeutic approaches for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Anhui Lei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang city, Guizhou Province, China
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25
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Pike KG, Hunt TA, Barlaam B, Benstead D, Cadogan E, Chen K, Cook CR, Colclough N, Deng C, Durant ST, Eatherton A, Goldberg K, Johnström P, Liu L, Liu Z, Nissink JWM, Pang C, Pass M, Robb GR, Roberts C, Schou M, Steward O, Sykes A, Yan Y, Zhai B, Zheng L. Identification of Novel, Selective Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase Inhibitors with the Ability to Penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Discovery of AZD1390. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3090-3111. [PMID: 38306388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) has been shown to chemo- and radio-sensitize human glioma cells in vitro and therefore might provide an exciting new paradigm in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The effective treatment of GBM will likely require a compound with the potential to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Starting from clinical candidate AZD0156, 4, we investigated the imidazoquinolin-2-one scaffold with the goal of improving likely CNS exposure in humans. Strategies aimed at reducing hydrogen bonding, basicity, and flexibility of the molecule were explored alongside modulating lipophilicity. These studies identified compound 24 (AZD1390) as an exceptionally potent and selective inhibitor of ATM with a good preclinical pharmacokinetic profile. 24 showed an absence of human transporter efflux in MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP studies (efflux ratio <2), significant BBB penetrance in nonhuman primate PET studies (Kp,uu 0.33) and was deemed suitable for development as a clinical candidate to explore the radiosensitizing effects of ATM in intracranial malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt G Pike
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | | | | | - David Benstead
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | | - Kan Chen
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMED, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Calum R Cook
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | | - Chao Deng
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Libin Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | - Chengling Pang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Martin Pass
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | | | | | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | | | - Andy Sykes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Yumei Yan
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMED, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baochang Zhai
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Innovation Center China, Asia & Emerging Markets iMED, 199 Liangjing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
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26
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Zhang Q, Jiang L, Wang W, Huber AK, Valvo VM, Jungles KM, Holcomb EA, Pearson AN, The S, Wang Z, Parsels LA, Parsels JD, Wahl DR, Rao A, Sahai V, Lawrence TS, Green MD, Morgan MA. Potentiating the radiation-induced type I interferon antitumoral immune response by ATM inhibition in pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168824. [PMID: 38376927 PMCID: PMC11063931 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy induces a type I interferon-mediated (T1IFN-mediated) antitumoral immune response that we hypothesized could be potentiated by a first-in-class ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor, leading to enhanced innate immune signaling, T1IFN expression, and sensitization to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the effects of AZD1390 or a structurally related compound, AZD0156, on innate immune signaling and found that both inhibitors enhanced radiation-induced T1IFN expression via the POLIII/RIG-I/MAVS pathway. In immunocompetent syngeneic mouse models of pancreatic cancer, ATM inhibitor enhanced radiation-induced antitumoral immune responses and sensitized tumors to anti-PD-L1, producing immunogenic memory and durable tumor control. Therapeutic responses were associated with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell frequency and effector function. Tumor control was dependent on CD8+ T cells, as therapeutic efficacy was blunted in CD8+ T cell-depleted mice. Adaptive immune responses to combination therapy provided systemic control of contralateral tumors outside of the radiation field. Taken together, we show that a clinical candidate ATM inhibitor enhances radiation-induced T1IFN, leading to both innate and subsequent adaptive antitumoral immune responses and sensitization of otherwise resistant pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Kassidy M. Jungles
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Stephanie The
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel R. Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Theodore S. Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael D. Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Meredith A. Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Chen J, Laverty DJ, Talele S, Bale A, Carlson BL, Porath KA, Bakken KK, Burgenske DM, Decker PA, Vaubel RA, Eckel-Passow JE, Bhargava R, Lou Z, Hamerlik P, Harley B, Elmquist WF, Nagel ZD, Gupta SK, Sarkaria JN. Aberrant ATM signaling and homology-directed DNA repair as a vulnerability of p53-mutant GBM to AZD1390-mediated radiosensitization. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj5962. [PMID: 38354228 PMCID: PMC11064970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ATM is a key mediator of radiation response, and pharmacological inhibition of ATM is a rational strategy to radiosensitize tumors. AZD1390 is a brain-penetrant ATM inhibitor and a potent radiosensitizer. This study evaluated the spectrum of radiosensitizing effects and the impact of TP53 mutation status in a panel of IDH1 wild-type (WT) glioblastoma (GBM) patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). AZD1390 suppressed radiation-induced ATM signaling, abrogated G0-G1 arrest, and promoted a proapoptotic response specifically in p53-mutant GBM in vitro. In a preclinical trial using 10 orthotopic GBM models, AZD1390/RT afforded benefit in a cohort of TP53-mutant tumors but not in TP53-WT PDXs. In mechanistic studies, increased endogenous DNA damage and constitutive ATM signaling were observed in TP53-mutant, but not in TP53-WT, PDXs. In plasmid-based reporter assays, GBM43 (TP53-mutant) showed elevated DNA repair capacity compared with that in GBM14 (p53-WT), whereas treatment with AZD1390 specifically suppressed homologous recombination (HR) efficiency, in part, by stalling RAD51 unloading. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant-negative TP53 (p53DD) construct resulted in enhanced basal ATM signaling, HR activity, and AZD1390-mediated radiosensitization in GBM14. Analyzing RNA-seq data from TCGA showed up-regulation of HR pathway genes in TP53-mutant human GBM. Together, our results imply that increased basal ATM signaling and enhanced dependence on HR represent a unique susceptibility of TP53-mutant cells to ATM inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Daniel J. Laverty
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Surabhi Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ashwin Bale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brett L. Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendra A. Porath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Katrina K. Bakken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Paul A. Decker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rachael A. Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Brendan Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - William F. Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shiv K. Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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28
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Talbot EJ, Joshi L, Thornton P, Dezfouli M, Tsafou K, Perkinton M, Khoronenkova S. cGAS-STING signalling regulates microglial chemotaxis in genome instability. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1188-1206. [PMID: 38084916 PMCID: PMC10853792 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA damage signalling and repair is a hallmark of age-related and genetic neurodegenerative disease. One mechanism implicated in disease progression is DNA damage-driven neuroinflammation, which is largely mediated by tissue-resident immune cells, microglia. Here, we utilise human microglia-like cell models of persistent DNA damage and ATM kinase deficiency to investigate how genome instability shapes microglial function. We demonstrate that upon DNA damage the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING axis drives chronic inflammation and a robust chemokine response, exemplified by production of CCL5 and CXCL10. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that cell migratory pathways were highly enriched upon IFN-β treatment of human iPSC-derived microglia, indicating that the chemokine response to DNA damage mirrors type I interferon signalling. Furthermore, we find that STING deletion leads to a defect in microglial chemotaxis under basal conditions and upon ATM kinase loss. Overall, this work provides mechanistic insights into cGAS-STING-dependent neuroinflammatory mechanisms and consequences of genome instability in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisha Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Thornton
- Neuroscience, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mahya Dezfouli
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Tsafou
- Department of Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Zhou W, Zhao Z, Lin A, Yang JZ, Xu J, Wilder-Romans K, Yang A, Li J, Solanki S, Speth JM, Walker N, Scott AJ, Wang L, Wen B, Andren A, Zhang L, Kothari AU, Yao Y, Peterson ER, Korimerla N, Werner CK, Ullrich A, Liang J, Jacobson J, Palavalasa S, O’Brien AM, Elaimy AL, Ferris SP, Zhao SG, Sarkaria JN, Győrffy B, Zhang S, Al-Holou WN, Umemura Y, Morgan MA, Lawrence TS, Lyssiotis CA, Peters-Golden M, Shah YM, Wahl DR. GTP Signaling Links Metabolism, DNA Repair, and Responses to Genotoxic Stress. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:158-175. [PMID: 37902550 PMCID: PMC10872631 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
How cell metabolism regulates DNA repair is incompletely understood. Here, we define a GTP-mediated signaling cascade that links metabolism to DNA repair and has significant therapeutic implications. GTP, but not other nucleotides, regulates the activity of Rac1, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, which promotes the dephosphorylation of serine 323 on Abl-interactor 1 (Abi-1) by protein phosphatase 5 (PP5). Dephosphorylated Abi-1, a protein previously not known to activate DNA repair, promotes nonhomologous end joining. In patients and mouse models of glioblastoma, Rac1 and dephosphorylated Abi-1 mediate DNA repair and resistance to standard-of-care genotoxic treatments. The GTP-Rac1-PP5-Abi-1 signaling axis is not limited to brain cancer, as GTP supplementation promotes DNA repair and Abi-1-S323 dephosphorylation in nonmalignant cells and protects mouse tissues from genotoxic insult. This unexpected ability of GTP to regulate DNA repair independently of deoxynucleotide pools has important implications for normal physiology and cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE A newly described GTP-dependent signaling axis is an unexpected link between nucleotide metabolism and DNA repair. Disrupting this pathway can overcome cancer resistance to genotoxic therapy while augmenting it can mitigate genotoxic injury of normal tissues. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, PR China
| | - Angelica Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Z Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annabel Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Speth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natalie Walker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayesha U Kothari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Erik R Peterson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Navyateja Korimerla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian K Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Ullrich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janna Jacobson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sravya Palavalasa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra M O’Brien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ameer L Elaimy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean P Ferris
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shan Xi, PR China
| | - Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yoshie Umemura
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Lead contact
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30
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Colclough N, Alluri RV, Tucker JW, Gozalpour E, Li D, Du H, Li W, Harlfinger S, O'Neill DJ, Sproat GG, Chen K, Yan Y, McGinnity DF. Utilizing a Dual Human Transporter MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP Cell Line to Assess Efflux at the Blood Brain Barrier. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:95-105. [PMID: 38071533 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the design of drugs readily able to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was established that over expresses both P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), the main human efflux transporters of the BBB. Proteomics analyses indicate BCRP is expressed at a higher level than Pgp in this cell line. This cell line shows good activity for both transporters [BCRP substrate dantrolene efflux ratio (ER) 16.3 ± 0.9, Pgp substrate quinidine ER 27.5 ± 1.2], and use of selective transporter inhibitors enables an assessment of the relative contributions to overall ERs. The MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP ER negatively correlates with rat unbound brain/unbound plasma ratio, Kpuu Highly brain penetrant compounds with rat Kpuu ≥ 0.3 show ERs ≤ 2 in the MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP assay while compounds predominantly excluded from the brain, Kpuu ≤ 0.05, demonstrate ERs ≥ 20. A subset of compounds with MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP ER < 2 and rat Kpuu < 0.3 were shown to be substrates of rat Pgp using a rat transfected cell line, MDCKII-rMdr1a. These compounds also showed ERs > 2 in the human National Institutes of Health (NIH) MDCKI-MDR1 (high Pgp expression) cell line, which suggests that they are weak human Pgp substrates. Characterization of 37 drugs targeting the central nervous system in the MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP efflux assay show 36 have ERs < 2. In drug discovery, use of the MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP in parallel with the NIH MDCKI-MDR1 cell line is useful for identification of compounds with high brain penetration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A single cell line that includes both the major human efflux transporters of the blood brain barrier (MDCKII-MDR1-BCRP) has been established facilitating the rapid identification of efflux substrates and enabling the design of brain penetrant molecules. Efflux ratios using this cell line demonstrate a clear relationship with brain penetration as defined by rat brain Kpuu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Colclough
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Ravindra V Alluri
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - James W Tucker
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Elnaz Gozalpour
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Danxi Li
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Hongwen Du
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Stephanie Harlfinger
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Daniel J O'Neill
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Graham G Sproat
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Kan Chen
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Yumei Yan
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
| | - Dermot F McGinnity
- DMPK, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.C., J.W.T., E.G., S.H., D.F.M.); Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.V.A.); DMPK, Pharmaron, Beijing, China (D.L., H.D., W.L.); Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.O., G.G.S.); and DMPK Asia, Oncology R & D, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China (K.C., Y.Y.)
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31
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Sharma M, Barravecchia I, Teis R, Cruz J, Mumby R, Ziemke EK, Espinoza CE, Krishnamoorthy V, Magnuson B, Ljungman M, Koschmann C, Chandra J, Whitehead CE, Sebolt-Leopold JS, Galban S. Targeting DNA Repair and Survival Signaling in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas to Prevent Tumor Recurrence. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:24-34. [PMID: 37723046 PMCID: PMC10762335 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance remains a major obstacle to successful clinical management of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a high-grade pediatric tumor of the brain stem. In nearly all patients, available therapies fail to prevent progression. Innovative combinatorial therapies that penetrate the blood-brain barrier and lead to long-term control of tumor growth are desperately needed. We identified mechanisms of resistance to radiotherapy, the standard of care for DIPG. On the basis of these findings, we rationally designed a brain-penetrant small molecule, MTX-241F, that is a highly selective inhibitor of EGFR and PI3 kinase family members, including the DNA repair protein DNA-PK. Preliminary studies demonstrated that micromolar levels of this inhibitor can be achieved in murine brain tissue and that MTX-241F exhibits promising single-agent efficacy and radiosensitizing activity in patient-derived DIPG neurospheres. Its physiochemical properties include high exposure in the brain, indicating excellent brain penetrance. Because radiotherapy results in double-strand breaks that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ), we have tested the combination of MTX-241F with an inhibitor of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated to achieve blockade of HR and NHEJ, respectively, with or without radiotherapy. When HR blockers were combined with MTX-241F and radiotherapy, synthetic lethality was observed, providing impetus to explore this combination in clinically relevant models of DIPG. Our data provide proof-of-concept evidence to support advanced development of MTX-241F for the treatment of DIPG. Future studies will be designed to inform rapid clinical translation to ultimately impact patients diagnosed with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert Teis
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeanette Cruz
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel Mumby
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth K. Ziemke
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carlos E. Espinoza
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Varunkumar Krishnamoorthy
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher E. Whitehead
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- MEKanistic Therapeutics, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Judith S. Sebolt-Leopold
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- MEKanistic Therapeutics, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stefanie Galban
- Center for Molecular Imaging, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Woolley PR, Wen X, Conway OM, Ender NA, Lee JH, Paull TT. Regulation of transcription patterns, poly-ADP-ribose, and RNA-DNA hybrids by the ATM protein kinase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.06.570417. [PMID: 38106035 PMCID: PMC10723464 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The ATM protein kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response and also an important sensor of oxidative stress. Analysis of gene expression in Ataxia-telangiectasia patient brain tissue shows that large-scale transcriptional changes occur in patient cerebellum that correlate with expression level and GC content of transcribed genes. In human neuron-like cells in culture we map locations of poly-ADP-ribose and RNA-DNA hybrid accumulation genome-wide with ATM inhibition and find that these marks also coincide with high transcription levels, active transcription histone marks, and high GC content. Antioxidant treatment reverses the accumulation of R-loops in transcribed regions, consistent with the central role of ROS in promoting these lesions. Based on these results we postulate that transcription-associated lesions accumulate in ATM-deficient cells and that the single-strand breaks and PARylation at these sites ultimately generate changes in transcription that compromise cerebellum function and lead to neurodegeneration over time in A-T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R. Woolley
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Xuemei Wen
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Olivia M. Conway
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Nicolette A. Ender
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanya T. Paull
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX, 78712
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Viktorsson K, Rieckmann T, Fleischmann M, Diefenhardt M, Hehlgans S, Rödel F. Advances in molecular targeted therapies to increase efficacy of (chemo)radiation therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1091-1109. [PMID: 37041372 PMCID: PMC10673805 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the tumor's biology in line with a constantly growing number of innovative technologies have prompted characterization of patients' individual malignancies and may display a prerequisite to treat cancer at its patient individual tumor vulnerability. In recent decades, radiation- induced signaling and tumor promoting local events for radiation sensitization were explored in detail, resulting the development of novel molecular targets. A multitude of pharmacological, genetic, and immunological principles, including small molecule- and antibody-based targeted strategies, have been developed that are suitable for combined concepts with radiation (RT) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Despite a plethora of promising experimental and preclinical findings, however, so far, only a very limited number of clinical trials have demonstrated a better outcome and/or patient benefit when RT or CRT are combined with targeted agents. The current review aims to summarize recent progress in molecular therapies targeting oncogenic drivers, DNA damage and cell cycle response, apoptosis signaling pathways, cell adhesion molecules, hypoxia, and the tumor microenvironment to impact therapy refractoriness and to boost radiation response. In addition, we will discuss recent advances in nanotechnology, e.g., RNA technologies and protein-degrading proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that may open new and innovative ways to benefit from molecular-targeted therapy approaches with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 4, 17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fleischmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Huang X, You L, Nepovimova E, Psotka M, Malinak D, Valko M, Sivak L, Korabecny J, Heger Z, Adam V, Wu Q, Kuca K. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2237209. [PMID: 37489050 PMCID: PMC10392309 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKK) are two structurally related families of kinases that play vital roles in cell growth and DNA damage repair. Dysfunction of PIKK members and aberrant stimulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are linked to a plethora of diseases including cancer. In recent decades, numerous inhibitors related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling have made great strides in cancer treatment, like copanlisib and sirolimus. Notably, most of the PIKK inhibitors (such as VX-970 and M3814) related to DNA damage response have also shown good efficacy in clinical trials. However, these drugs still require a suitable combination therapy to overcome drug resistance or improve antitumor activity. Based on the aforementioned facts, we summarised the efficacy of PIKK, PI3K, and AKT inhibitors in the therapy of human malignancies and the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, in order to provide deeper insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Sivak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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35
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Guo D, Jurek R, Beaumont KA, Sharp DS, Tan SY, Mariana A, Failes TW, Grootveld AK, Bhattacharyya ND, Phan TG, Arndt GM, Jain R, Weninger W, Tikoo S. Invasion-Block and S-MARVEL: A high-content screening and image analysis platform identifies ATM kinase as a modulator of melanoma invasion and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303978120. [PMID: 37963252 PMCID: PMC10666109 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303978120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust high-throughput assays are crucial for the effective functioning of a drug discovery pipeline. Herein, we report the development of Invasion-Block, an automated high-content screening platform for measuring invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation as a readout for the invasive capacity of cancer cells. Combined with Smoothen-Mask and Reveal, a custom-designed, automated image analysis pipeline, this platform allowed us to evaluate melanoma cell invasion capacity posttreatment with two libraries of compounds comprising 3840 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs with well-characterized safety and bioavailability profiles in humans as well as a kinase inhibitor library comprising 210 biologically active compounds. We found that Abl/Src, PKC, PI3K, and Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitors significantly reduced melanoma cell invadopodia formation and cell invasion. Abrogation of ATM expression in melanoma cells via CRISPR-mediated gene knockout reduced 3D invasion in vitro as well as spontaneous lymph node metastasis in vivo. Together, this study established a rapid screening assay coupled with a customized image-analysis pipeline for the identification of antimetastatic drugs. Our study implicates that ATM may serve as a potent therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma cell spread in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Guo
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
| | - Russell Jurek
- Australia Telescope National Facility, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, MarsfieldNSW2122, Australia
| | - Kimberley A. Beaumont
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
| | - Danae S. Sharp
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
| | - Sioh-Yang Tan
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
| | - Anna Mariana
- The Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Timothy W. Failes
- The Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Abigail K. Grootveld
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW2010, Australia
| | - Nayan D. Bhattacharyya
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW2010, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW2010, Australia
| | - Greg M. Arndt
- The Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Rohit Jain
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW2050, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
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36
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Zhou LL, Zhang T, Xue Y, Yue C, Pan Y, Wang P, Yang T, Li M, Zhou H, Ding K, Gan J, Ji H, Yang CG. Selective activator of human ClpP triggers cell cycle arrest to inhibit lung squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7069. [PMID: 37923710 PMCID: PMC10624687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-activation of mitochondrial ClpP exhibits promising anticancer properties. However, we are currently unaware of any studies using selective and potent ClpP activators in lung squamous cell carcinoma. In this work, we report on such an activator, ZK53, which exhibits therapeutic effects on lung squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. The crystal structure of ZK53/ClpP complex reveals a π-π stacking effect that is essential for ligand binding selectively to the mitochondrial ClpP. ZK53 features on a simple scaffold, which is distinct from the activators with rigid scaffolds, such as acyldepsipeptides and imipridones. ZK53 treatment causes a decrease of the electron transport chain in a ClpP-dependent manner, which results in declined oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in lung tumor cells. Mechanistically, ZK53 inhibits the adenoviral early region 2 binding factor targets and activates the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated-mediated DNA damage response, eventually triggering cell cycle arrest. Lastly, ZK53 exhibits therapeutic effects on lung squamous cell carcinoma cells in xenograft and autochthonous mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yihui Pan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Meixia Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Media, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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37
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Zhang W, Oh JH, Zhang W, Rathi S, Le J, Talele S, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. How Much is Enough? Impact of Efflux Transporters on Drug delivery Leading to Efficacy in the Treatment of Brain Tumors. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2731-2746. [PMID: 37589827 PMCID: PMC10841221 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The lack of effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of brain tumors is a serious unmet medical need. This can be attributed, in part, to inadequate delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the tumor-cell barrier, both of which have active efflux transporters that can restrict the transport of many potentially effective agents for both primary and metastatic brain tumors. This review briefly summarizes the components and function of the normal BBB with respect to drug penetration into the brain and the alterations in the BBB due to brain tumor that could influence drug delivery. Depending on what is rate-limiting a compound's distribution, the limited permeability across the BBB and the subsequent delivery into the tumor cell can be greatly influenced by efflux transporters and these are discussed in some detail. Given these complexities, it is necessary to quantify the extent of brain distribution of the active (unbound) drug to compare across compounds and to inform potential for use against brain tumors. In this regard, the metric, Kp,uu, a brain-to-plasma unbound partition coefficient, is examined and its current use is discussed. However, the extent of active drug delivery is not the only determinant of effective therapy. In addition to Kp,uu, drug potency is an important parameter that should be considered alongside drug delivery in drug discovery and development processes. In other words, to answer the question - How much is enough? - one must consider how much can be delivered with how much needs to be delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sneha Rathi
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiayan Le
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Surabhi Talele
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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38
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Tew BY, Kalfa AJ, Yang Z, Hurth KM, Simon T, Abnoosian E, Durant ST, Hamerlik P, Salhia B. ATM-Inhibitor AZD1390 Is a Radiosensitizer for Breast Cancer CNS Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4492-4503. [PMID: 37585496 PMCID: PMC10618650 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited effective treatments are currently available for central nervous system (CNS) metastasis (CM). This is largely driven by the inability of current therapeutics to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the lack of preclinical models for testing new therapies. Here we study the efficacy of AZD1390, a BBB penetrating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated inhibitor, as a radiosensitizer for breast cancer CM treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors including 2 HER2+ and 1 triple-negative breast cancer harboring DNA damage response (DDR) gene mutations, were implanted subcutaneously in the flank of mice to assess tumor growth inhibition by AZD1390 combined with radiation. Animal survival was further assessed by implanting the best responding PDX model orthotopically in the brain. RESULTS Pretreatment with AZD1390 followed by radiation therapy inhibited growth of PDX tumors implanted in the flank, and improved survival in orthotopic models with average survival of 222 days compared with 123 days in controls. Administration of AZD1390 posttreatment for 21 days had no further benefits. While the combination therapy resulted in sustained tumor inhibition, sporadic regrowth was observed in some mice 50 to 100 days posttreatment in all models. Gene expression comparing these tumors with complete responders demonstrated changes in upregulation of oncogenic proteins, which are potential drivers of tumor growth after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that AZD1390 effectively sensitizes breast cancer CM to radiation therapy in DDR mutant tumors. This study demonstrates the potential of using AZD1390 as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with breast cancer CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yi Tew
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alex J. Kalfa
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zeyi Yang
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kyle M. Hurth
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Abnoosian
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Petra Hamerlik
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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39
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Mangoli A, Wu S, Liu HQ, Aksu M, Jain V, Foreman BE, Regal JA, Weidenhammer LB, Stewart CE, Guerra Garcia ME, Hocke E, Abramson K, Williams NT, Luo L, Deland K, Attardi L, Abe K, Hashizume R, Ashley DM, Becher OJ, Kirsch DG, Gregory SG, Reitman ZJ. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated ( Atm ) disruption sensitizes spatially-directed H3.3K27M/TP53 diffuse midline gliomas to radiation therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562892. [PMID: 37904990 PMCID: PMC10614905 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are lethal brain tumors characterized by p53-inactivating mutations and oncohistone H3.3K27M mutations that rewire the cellular response to genotoxic stress, which presents therapeutic opportunities. We used RCAS/tv-a retroviruses and Cre recombinase to inactivate p53 and induce K27M in the native H3f3a allele in a lineage- and spatially-directed manner, yielding primary mouse DMGs. Genetic or pharmacologic disruption of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) enhanced the efficacy of focal brain irradiation, extending mouse survival. This finding suggests that targeting ATM will enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy for p53-mutant DMG but not p53-wildtype DMG. We used spatial in situ transcriptomics and an allelic series of primary murine DMG models with different p53 mutations to identify transactivation-independent p53 activity as a key mediator of such radiosensitivity. These studies deeply profile a genetically faithful and versatile model of a lethal brain tumor to identify resistance mechanisms for a therapeutic strategy currently in clinical trials.
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40
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Konrath F, Willenbrock M, Busse D, Scheidereit C, Wolf J. A computational model of the DNA damage-induced IKK/ NF-κB pathway reveals a critical dependence on irradiation dose and PARP-1. iScience 2023; 26:107917. [PMID: 37817938 PMCID: PMC10561052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of IKK/NF-κB by genotoxic stress is a crucial process in the DNA damage response. Due to the anti-apoptotic impact of NF-κB, it can affect cell-fate decisions upon DNA damage and therefore interfere with tumor therapy-induced cell death. Here, we developed a dynamical model describing IKK/NF-κB signaling that faithfully reproduces quantitative time course data and enables a detailed analysis of pathway regulation. The approach elucidates a pathway topology with two hubs, where the first integrates signals from two DNA damage sensors and the second forms a coherent feedforward loop. The analyses reveal a critical role of the sensor protein PARP-1 in the pathway regulation. Introducing a method for calculating the impact of changes in individual components on pathway activity in a time-resolved manner, we show how irradiation dose influences pathway activation. Our results give a mechanistic understanding relevant for the interpretation of experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Konrath
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Willenbrock
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Busse
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Wolf
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Free University Berlin, Germany
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Chavda VP, Balar PC, Nalla LV, Bezbaruah R, Gogoi NR, Gajula SNR, Peng B, Meena AS, Conde J, Prasad R. Conjugated Nanoparticles for Solid Tumor Theranostics: Unraveling the Interplay of Known and Unknown Factors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37654-37684. [PMID: 37867666 PMCID: PMC10586263 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diagnoses have been increasing worldwide, and solid tumors are among the leading contributors to patient mortality, creating an enormous burden on the global healthcare system. Cancer is responsible for around 10.3 million deaths worldwide. Solid tumors are one of the most prevalent cancers observed in recent times. On the other hand, early diagnosis is a significant challenge that could save a person's life. Treatment with existing methods has pitfalls that limit the successful elimination of the disorder. Though nanoparticle-based imaging and therapeutics have shown a significant impact in healthcare, current methodologies for solid tumor treatment are insufficient. There are multiple complications associated with the diagnosis and management of solid tumors as well. Recently, surface-conjugated nanoparticles such as lipid nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots have shown positive results in solid tumor diagnostics and therapeutics in preclinical models. Other nanotheranostic material platforms such as plasmonic theranostics, magnetotheranostics, hybrid nanotheranostics, and graphene theranostics have also been explored. These nanoparticle theranostics ensure the appropriate targeting of tumors along with selective delivery of cargos (both imaging and therapeutic probes) without affecting the surrounding healthy tissues. Though they have multiple applications, nanoparticles still possess numerous limitations that need to be addressed in order to be fully utilized in the clinic. In this review, we outline the importance of materials and design strategies used to engineer nanoparticles in the treatment and diagnosis of solid tumors and how effectively each method overcomes the drawbacks of the current techniques. We also highlight the gaps in each material platform and how design considerations can address their limitations in future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380001, India
| | - Pankti C. Balar
- Pharmacy
Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380001, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department
of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education
Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam, India
| | - Niva Rani Gogoi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Berney Peng
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of California at Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department
of Biotechnology, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari
Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics,
NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas,
NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- School
of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Xie J, Kuriakose T, Bianski B, Twarog N, Savage E, Xu K, Zhu X, He C, Hansen B, Wang H, High A, Li Y, Rehg JE, Tillman HS, Freeman BB, Rankovic Z, Onar-Thomas A, Fan Y, Wu G, Peng J, Miller S, Baker SJ, Shelat AA, Tinkle CL. ATM inhibition enhances the efficacy of radiation across distinct molecular subgroups of pediatric high-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1828-1841. [PMID: 36971093 PMCID: PMC10547515 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is largely incurable and accounts for most brain tumor-related deaths in children. Radiation is a standard therapy, yet the benefit from this treatment modality is transient, and most children succumb to disease within 2 years. Recent large-scale genomic studies suggest that pHGG has alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that induce resistance to DNA damaging agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential and molecular consequences of combining radiation with selective DDR inhibition in pHGG. METHODS We conducted an unbiased screen in pHGG cells that combined radiation with clinical candidates targeting the DDR and identified the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Subsequently, we profiled AZD1390 + radiation in an extensive panel of early passage pHGG cell lines, mechanistically characterized response to the combination in vitro in sensitive and resistant cells and evaluated the combination in vivo using TP53 wild-type and TP53 mutant orthotopic xenografts. RESULTS AZD1390 significantly potentiated radiation across molecular subgroups of pHGG by increasing mutagenic nonhomologous end joining and augmenting genomic instability. In contrast to previous reports, ATM inhibition significantly improved the efficacy of radiation in both TP53 wild-type and TP53 mutant isogenic cell lines and distinct orthotopic xenograft models. Furthermore, we identified a novel mechanism of resistance to AZD1390 + radiation that was marked by an attenuated ATM pathway response which dampened sensitivity to ATM inhibition and induced synthetic lethality with ATR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the clinical evaluation of AZD1390 in combination with radiation in pediatric patients with HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Teneema Kuriakose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Brandon Bianski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel Twarog
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Evan Savage
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Ke Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Chen He
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Baranda Hansen
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Anthony High
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Jerold E Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | - Burgess B Freeman
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Shared Resource, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Shondra Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | - Christopher L Tinkle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Li Q, Qian W, Zhang Y, Hu L, Chen S, Xia Y. A new wave of innovations within the DNA damage response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:338. [PMID: 37679326 PMCID: PMC10485079 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability has been identified as one of the enabling hallmarks in cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) network is responsible for maintenance of genome integrity in cells. As cancer cells frequently carry DDR gene deficiencies or suffer from replicative stress, targeting DDR processes could induce excessive DNA damages (or unrepaired DNA) that eventually lead to cell death. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have brought impressive benefit to patients with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutation or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which proves the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer treatment. Moreover, the other two scenarios of DDR inhibitor application, replication stress and combination with chemo- or radio- therapy, are under active clinical exploration. In this review, we revisited the progress of DDR targeting therapy beyond the launched first-generation PARP inhibitors. Next generation PARP1 selective inhibitors, which could maintain the efficacy while mitigating side effects, may diversify the application scenarios of PARP inhibitor in clinic. Albeit with unavoidable on-mechanism toxicities, several small molecules targeting DNA damage checkpoints (gatekeepers) have shown great promise in preliminary clinical results, which may warrant further evaluations. In addition, inhibitors for other DNA repair pathways (caretakers) are also under active preclinical or clinical development. With these progresses and efforts, we envision that a new wave of innovations within DDR has come of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xia
- Domestic Discovery Service Unit, WuXi AppTec, 200131, Shanghai, China.
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Sun X, Bai C, Li H, Xie D, Chen S, Han Y, Luo J, Li Y, Ye Y, Jia J, Huang X, Guan H, Long D, Huang R, Gao S, Zhou PK. PARP1 modulates METTL3 promoter chromatin accessibility and associated LPAR5 RNA m 6A methylation to control cancer cell radiosensitivity. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2633-2650. [PMID: 37482682 PMCID: PMC10492194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification are two critical layers in controlling gene expression and DNA damage signaling in most eukaryotic bioprocesses. Here, we report that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) controls the chromatin accessibility of METTL3 to regulate its transcription and subsequent m6A methylation of poly(A)+ RNA in response to DNA damage induced by radiation. The transcription factors nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) and TATA binding protein (TBP) are dependent on PARP1 to access the METTL3 promoter to activate METTL3 transcription. Upon irradiation or PARP1 inhibitor treatment, PARP1 disassociated from METTL3 promoter chromatin, which resulted in attenuated accessibility of NFIC and TBP and, consequently, suppressed METTL3 expression and RNA m6A methylation. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 5 (LPAR5) mRNA was identified as a target of METTL3, and m6A methylation was located at A1881. The level of m6A methylation of LPAR5 significantly decreased, along with METTL3 depression, in cells after irradiation or PARP1 inhibition. Mutation of the LPAR5 A1881 locus in its 3' UTR results in loss of m6A methylation and, consequently, decreased stability of LPAR5 mRNA. METTL3-targeted small-molecule inhibitors depress murine xenograft tumor growth and exhibit a synergistic effect with radiotherapy in vivo. These findings advance our comprehensive understanding of PARP-related biological roles, which may have implications for developing valuable therapeutic strategies for PARP1 inhibitors in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Sun
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Haozheng Li
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Luo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jin Jia
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China.
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45
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Adamski J, Langford V, Finlay JL. Approaches to Minimise the Neurodevelopmental Impact of Choroid Plexus Carcinoma and Its Treatment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1855. [PMID: 37763259 PMCID: PMC10533047 DOI: 10.3390/life13091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are rare aggressive tumours that primarily affect very young children. Treatment for CPC typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Whilst considered necessary for a cure, these therapies have significant neurocognitive consequences for patients, negatively impacting cognitive function including memory, attention, executive functioning, and full-scale intelligence quotients (FSIQ). These challenges significantly impact the quality of life and ultimately socioeconomic parameters such as the level of educational attainment, marital status, and socioeconomic status. This review looks at the tumour- and treatment-related causes of neurocognitive damage in CPC patients and the progress made in finding strategies to reduce these. Opportunities to mitigate the neurodevelopmental consequences of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are explored in the context of CPC treatment. Evaluation of the pathological and biological mechanisms of injury has identified innovative approaches to neurocognitive protection and neurorehabilitation, which aim to limit the neurocognitive damage. This review aims to highlight multiple approaches physicians can use when treating young children with CPC, to focus on neurocognitive outcomes as a measure of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Adamski
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK;
| | - Vikki Langford
- Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK;
| | - Jonathan L. Finlay
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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46
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Kalapurakal JA, Wolden SL, Haas-Kogan D, Laack NN, Hua CH, Paulino AC, Hill-Kayser CE, Hoppe BS, Fitzgerald TJ. Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Radiation oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 6:e30593. [PMID: 37486145 PMCID: PMC10588230 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Radiation oncology is an integral part of the multidisciplinary team caring for children with cancer. The primary goal of our committee is to enable the delivery of the safest dose of radiation therapy (RT) with the maximal potential for cure, and to minimize toxicity in children by delivering lower doses to normal tissues using advanced technologies like intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) and proton therapy. We provide mentorship for y ators and are actively involved in educating the global radiation oncology community. We are leaders in the effort to discover novel radiosensitizers, radioprotectors, and advanced RT technologies that could help improve outcomes of children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chia-ho Hua
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | |
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47
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Wullich B, Taubert H, Goebell PJ, Kuwert T, Beck M, Schott C, Baur AS, Eckstein M, Wach S. [Individualized precision medicine]. UROLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 62:879-888. [PMID: 37526710 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-023-02151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectacular advances have been made in personalized medicine , which has rapidly revolutionized our traditional understanding of disease diagnosis and treatment. Molecular testing of tissue and liquid samples using next generation sequencing has developed into a key technology in this scenario. It can be used for both the determination of biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes, as well as the possible improvement of treatment outcome through the use of targeted therapies and the avoidance of therapies in the event of special resistance situations. In addition to drugs that have already been approved, which among other things intervene in cellular DNA repair, many new drugs have been developed and are in clinical testing. Furthermore, new possibilities in molecular imaging have dramatically expanded our understanding of tumor spread and created new approaches for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wullich
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland.
| | - Helge Taubert
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Peter J Goebell
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Torsten Kuwert
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Michael Beck
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Christian Schott
- Labor für Experimentelle Dermatologie, Hautklinik, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas S Baur
- Labor für Experimentelle Dermatologie, Hautklinik, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Pathologisches Institut, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Sven Wach
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Deutschland
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48
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Ren Y, Yang P, Li C, Wang WA, Zhang T, Li J, Li H, Dong C, Meng W, Zhou H. Ionizing radiation triggers mitophagy to enhance DNA damage in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:267. [PMID: 37507394 PMCID: PMC10382586 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment strategy that causes DNA damage in tumor cells either directly or indirectly. Autophagy is a physiological process linked to DNA damage. Mitophagy is a form of autophagy, which specifically targets and eliminates impaired mitochondria, thereby upholding cellular homeostasis. However, the connection between DNA damage and mitophagy has yet to be fully elucidated. We found that mitophagy, as an upstream signal, increases ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage by downregulating or overexpressing key mitophagy proteins Parkin and BNIP3. Enhancing the basal level of mitophagy in conjunction with X-ray irradiation can potentially diminish cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, substantially elevate the accumulation of γ-H2AX, 53BP1, and PARP1 foci within the nucleus, augment DNA damage, and facilitate the demise of tumor cells. Consequently, this approach prolongs the survival of melanoma-bearing mice. The findings of this study are anticipated to offer a therapeutic approach for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Haining Li
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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49
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Duan Y, Zhuang L, Xu Y, Cheng H, Xia J, Lu T, Chen Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel ATR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106535. [PMID: 37086581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is being pursued as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced solid tumor with specific DNA damage response deficiency. Herein, we report a series of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent ATR inhibitory activity through structure-based drug design. Among them, the representative compound 10q exhibited excellent potency against ATR in both biochemical and cellular assays. More importantly, 10q exhibited good liver microsomes stability in different species and also showed moderate inhibitory activity against HT-29 cells in combination treatment with the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Thus, this work provides a promising lead compound against ATR for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Duan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yerong Xu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Wu H, Liu Q, Shan X, Gao W, Chen Q. ATM orchestrates ferritinophagy and ferroptosis by phosphorylating NCOA4. Autophagy 2023; 19:2062-2077. [PMID: 36752571 PMCID: PMC10283418 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2170960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly characterized form of programmed cell death, which is driven by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides catalyzed by the intracellular bioactive iron. Targeted induction of ferroptotic cell death holds great promise for therapeutic design against other therapy-resistant cancers. To date, multiple post-translational modifications have been elucidated to impinge on the ferroptotic sensitivity. Here we report that the Ser/Thr protein kinase ATM, the major sensor of DNA double-strand break damage, is indispensable for ferroptosis execution. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of ATM significantly antagonizes ferroptosis. Besides, ATM ablation-induced ferroptotic resistance is largely independent of its downstream target TRP53, as cells defective in both Trp53 and Atm are still more insensitive to ferroptotic inducers than the trp53 single knockout cells. Mechanistically, ATM dominates the intracellular labile free iron by phosphorylating NCOA4, facilitating NCOA4-ferritin interaction and therefore sustaining ferritinophagy, a selective type of macroautophagy/autophagy specifically degrading ferritin for iron recycling. Our results thus uncover a novel regulatory circuit of ferroptosis comprising ATM-NCOA4 in orchestrating ferritinophagy and iron bioavailability.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; BSO: buthionine sulphoximine; CDKN1A: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21); CQ: chloroquine; DFO: deferoxamine; DFP: deferiprone; Fer: ferrostatin-1; FTH1: ferritin heavy polypeptide 1; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH: glutathione; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; PFTα: pifithrin-α; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; Slc7a11: solute carrier family 7 member 11; Sul: sulfasalazine; TFRC: transferrin receptor; TRP53: transformation related protein 53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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