1
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Jayakody T, Budagoda DK, Mendis K, Dilshan WD, Bethmage D, Dissasekara R, Dawe GS. Biased agonism in peptide-GPCRs: A structural perspective. Pharmacol Ther 2025; 269:108806. [PMID: 39889970 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are dynamic membrane receptors that transduce extracellular signals to the cell interior by forming a ligand-receptor-effector (ternary) complex that functions via allosterism. Peptides constitute an important class of ligands that interact with their cognate GPCRs (peptide-GPCRs) to form the ternary complex. "Biased agonism", a therapeutically relevant phenomenon exhibited by GPCRs owing to their allosteric nature, has also been observed in peptide-GPCRs, leading to the development of selective therapeutics with fewer side effects. In this review, we have focused on the structural basis of signalling bias at peptide-GPCRs of classes A and B, and reviewed the therapeutic relevance of bias at peptide-GPCRs, with the hope of contributing to the discovery of novel biased peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharindunee Jayakody
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Krishan Mendis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Duvindu Bethmage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Rashmi Dissasekara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, P.O. Box 1490, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka; The Graduate School, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Gavin Stewart Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Petersen JE, Pavlovskyi A, Madsen JJ, Schwartz TW, Frimurer TM, Olsen OH. Challenging activity and signaling bias in tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors by truncated neuropeptides. J Biol Chem 2025; 301:108522. [PMID: 40254253 PMCID: PMC12145819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 04/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025] Open
Abstract
The tachykinin receptors neurokinin 1 (NK1R) and neurokinin 2 (NK2R) are G protein-coupled receptors that bind preferentially to the natural peptide ligands substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), respectively. The peptide ligands share a common C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, which contributes to their partial cross-reactivity with each other's nonnative receptors. This study examines the impact of truncated tachykinin SP and NKA analogs on signaling activity. SP and NKA were progressively truncated, yielding the shortest versions SP(6-11) and NKA(5-10) with free and acetylated N terminal. A total of 12 SP and 10 NKA analogs were evaluated for activity in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based cAMP and IP3 accumulation assays targeting both NK1R and NK2R, corresponding to Gs protein and Gq protein activation, respectively. As previously demonstrated, the first three amino acids are dispensable. When activated by SP analogs, NK1R favors activation of Gs over Gq, though this difference diminishes with shorter analogs. In contrast, when NK1R is activated by NKA analogs, the Gq potency exceeds Gs potency by nearly an order of magnitude. For NK2R activation by NKA analogs, there are only minor differences between Gq and Gs potencies, with a slight preference for higher Gq potency. The N-terminal charge status plays a key role, leading to significant differences in analog potency. These findings provide valuable insight into how specific receptor-ligand interactions influence downstream G-protein signaling in G protein-coupled receptors, which are highly relevant for therapeutic applications. Finally, the proposed "message-address" model of neuropeptide signaling is assessed for NK1R and NK2R using truncated SP and NKA analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Artem Pavlovskyi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper J Madsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ole H Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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3
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Chen LN, Zhou H, Xi K, Cheng S, Liu Y, Fu Y, Ma X, Xu P, Ji SY, Wang WW, Shen DD, Zhang H, Shen Q, Chai R, Zhang M, Yang L, Han F, Mao C, Cai X, Zhang Y. Proton perception and activation of a proton-sensing GPCR. Mol Cell 2025; 85:1640-1657.e8. [PMID: 40215960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/20/2025]
Abstract
Maintaining pH at cellular, tissular, and systemic levels is essential for human health. Proton-sensing GPCRs regulate physiological and pathological processes by sensing the extracellular acidity. However, the molecular mechanism of proton sensing and activation of these receptors remains elusive. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human GPR4, a prototypical proton-sensing GPCR, in its inactive and active states. Our studies reveal that three extracellular histidine residues are crucial for proton sensing of human GPR4. The binding of protons induces substantial conformational changes in GPR4's ECLs, particularly in ECL2, which transforms from a helix-loop to a β-turn-β configuration. This transformation leads to the rearrangements of H-bond network and hydrophobic packing, relayed by non-canonical motifs to accommodate G proteins. Furthermore, the antagonist NE52-QQ57 hinders human GPR4 activation by preventing hydrophobic stacking rearrangement. Our findings provide a molecular framework for understanding the activation mechanism of a human proton-sensing GPCR, aiding future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shizhuo Cheng
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifan Fu
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Su-Yu Ji
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingya Shen
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Structural Pharmacology and Therapeutics Development, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou 310016, China; Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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4
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Ma Y, Wang Y, Tang M, Weng Y, Chen Y, Xu Y, An S, Wu Y, Zhao S, Xu H, Li D, Liu M, Lu W, Ru H, Song G. Cryo-EM structure of an activated GPR4-Gs signaling complex. Nat Commun 2025; 16:605. [PMID: 39799123 PMCID: PMC11724869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-55901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) belongs to the subfamily of proton-sensing GPCRs (psGPCRs), which detect pH changes in extracellular environment and regulate diverse physiological responses. GPR4 was found to be overactivated in acidic tumor microenvironment as well as inflammation sites, with a triad of acidic residues within the transmembrane domain identified as crucial for proton sensing. However, the 3D structure remains unknown, and the roles of other conserved residues within psGPCRs are not well understood. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of active zebrafish GPR4 at both pH 6.5 and 8.5, each highlighting a distribution of histidine and acidic residues at the extracellular region. Cell-based assays show that these ionizable residues moderately influence the proton-sensing capacity of zebrafish GPR4, compared to the more significant effects of the triad residues. Furthermore, we reveal a cluster of aromatic residues within the orthosteric pocket that may propagate the signaling to the intercellular region via repacking the aromatic patch at the central region. This study provides a framework for future signaling and functional investigation of psGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Ma
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- Life Sciences Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Weng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxiao An
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Heng Ru
- Life Sciences Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gaojie Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Powers AS, Khan A, Paggi JM, Latorraca NR, Souza S, Di Salvo J, Lu J, Soisson SM, Johnston JM, Weinglass AB, Dror RO. A non-canonical mechanism of GPCR activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9938. [PMID: 39550377 PMCID: PMC11569127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of designing safer, more effective drugs has led to tremendous interest in molecular mechanisms through which ligands can precisely manipulate the signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest class of drug targets. Decades of research have led to the widely accepted view that all agonists-ligands that trigger GPCR activation-function by causing rearrangement of the GPCR's transmembrane helices, opening an intracellular pocket for binding of transducer proteins. Here we demonstrate that certain agonists instead trigger activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 by directly rearranging an intracellular loop that interacts with transducers. We validate the predictions of our atomic-level simulations by targeted mutagenesis; specific mutations that disrupt interactions with the intracellular loop convert these agonists into inverse agonists. Further analysis suggests that allosteric ligands could regulate the signaling of many other GPCRs via a similar mechanism, offering rich possibilities for precise control of pharmaceutically important targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aasma Khan
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Paggi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Souza
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jun Lu
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
- Small Molecule Discovery, Zai Lab (US) LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Soisson
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
- Protein Therapeutics and Structural Biology, Odyssey Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Adam B Weinglass
- Department of Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Petersen JE, Pavlovskyi A, Madsen JJ, Schwartz TW, Frimurer TM, Olsen OH. Molecular determinants of neuropeptide-mediated activation mechanisms in tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107948. [PMID: 39481599 PMCID: PMC11625327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance P and neurokinin A are closely related neuropeptides belonging to the tachykinin family. Their receptors are neurokinin one receptor (NK1R) and neurokinin two receptor (NK2R), G protein-coupled receptors that transmit Gs and Gq-mediated downstream signaling. We investigate the importance of sequence differences at the bottom of the receptor orthosteric site for activity and selectivity, focusing on residues that closely interact with the C-terminal methionine of the peptide ligands. We identify a conserved serine (NK1R-S2977.45) and the position of the tryptophan residue within the canonical "toggle switch" motif, CWxP of TM6, neighboring a phenylalanine in NK1R (NK1R-F2646.51) and a tyrosine in NK2R (NK2R-Y2666.51), giving rise to distinct microenvironments for the neuropeptide C terminals. Mutating these residues results in dramatic activity changes in both NK1R and NK2R due to a close interaction between the ligand and toggle switch. Structural analysis of active and inactive NKR structures suggests only a minor change in sidechain rotation of toggle switch residues upon activation. However, extensive molecular dynamics simulations of receptor:neuropeptide:G protein complexes indicate that a major, concerted motion happens in the toggle switch tryptophan indole group and the sidechains of the microswitch motif Pro-Ile-Phe (PIF). This rotation establishes a tight hydrogen bond interaction from the tryptophan indole to the conserved serine (NK1R-S2977.45) and a mainchain carbonyl (NK1R-A2947.41) in the kink of TM7. This interaction facilitates communication with the NPxxY microswitch motif of TM7, resulting in stabilization of the G protein-binding region. NK1R-S2977.45 is consequently identified as a central hub for the activation of NKRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Petersen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Artem Pavlovskyi
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper J Madsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole H Olsen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Tani K, Maki-Yonekura S, Kanno R, Negami T, Hamaguchi T, Hall M, Mizoguchi A, Humbel BM, Terada T, Yonekura K, Doi T. Structure of endothelin ET B receptor-G i complex in a conformation stabilized by unique NPxxL motif. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1303. [PMID: 39414992 PMCID: PMC11484851 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelin type B receptor (ETBR) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and humoral homeostasis, making it an important therapeutic target for related diseases. ETBR activation by the endogenous peptide hormones endothelin (ET)-1-3 stimulates several signaling pathways, including Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, G12/13, and β-arrestin. Although the conserved NPxxY motif in transmembrane helix 7 (TM7) is important during GPCR activation, ETBR possesses the lesser known NPxxL motif. In this study, we present the cryo-EM structure of the ETBR-Gi complex, complemented by MD simulations and functional studies. These investigations reveal an unusual movement of TM7 to the intracellular side during ETBR activation and the essential roles of the diverse NPxxL motif in stabilizing the active conformation of ETBR and organizing the assembly of the binding pocket for the α5 helix of Gi protein. These findings enhance our understanding of the interactions between GPCRs and G proteins, thereby advancing the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Tani
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | | | - Ryo Kanno
- Scientific Imaging Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Quantum Wave Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Negami
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hamaguchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Hall
- Scientific Imaging Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Provost Office, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tohru Terada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoko Doi
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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8
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Pan B, Guo C, Liu D, Wüthrich K. Fluorine-19 labeling of the tryptophan residues in the G protein-coupled receptor NK1R using the 5-fluoroindole precursor in Pichia pastoris expression. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2024; 78:133-138. [PMID: 38554216 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-024-00439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
In NMR spectroscopy of biomolecular systems, the use of fluorine-19 probes benefits from a clean background and high sensitivity. Therefore, 19F-labeling procedures are of wide-spread interest. Here, we use 5-fluoroindole as a precursor for cost-effective residue-specific introduction of 5-fluorotryptophan (5F-Trp) into G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in Pichia pastoris. The method was successfully implemented with the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). The 19F-NMR spectra of 5F-Trp-labeled NK1R showed one well-separated high field-shifted resonance, which was assigned by mutational studies to the "toggle switch tryptophan". Residue-selective labeling thus enables site-specific investigations of this functionally important residue. The method described here is inexpensive, requires minimal genetic manipulation and can be expected to be applicable for yeast expression of GPCRs at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benxun Pan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Canyong Guo
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
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9
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de Vries T, Labruijere S, Rivera-Mancilla E, Garrelds IM, de Vries R, Schutter D, van den Bogaerdt A, Poyner DR, Ladds G, Danser AHJ, MaassenVanDenBrink A. Intracellular pathways of calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced relaxation of human coronary arteries: A key role for Gβγ subunit instead of cAMP. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2478-2491. [PMID: 38583945 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator. While its signalling is assumed to be mediated via increases in cAMP, this study focused on elucidating the actual intracellular signalling pathways involved in CGRP-induced relaxation of human isolated coronary arteries (HCA). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HCA were obtained from heart valve donors (27 M, 25 F, age 54 ± 2 years). Concentration-response curves to human α-CGRP or forskolin were constructed in HCA segments, incubated with different inhibitors of intracellular signalling pathways, and intracellular cAMP levels were measured with and without stimulation. RESULTS Adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitors SQ22536 + DDA and MDL-12330A, and PKA inhibitors Rp-8-Br-cAMPs and H89, did not inhibit CGRP-induced relaxation of HCA, nor did the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, PKG inhibitor KT5823, EPAC1/2 inhibitor ESI09, potassium channel blockers TRAM-34 + apamin, iberiotoxin or glibenclamide, or the Gαq inhibitor YM-254890. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the response to KCl but did not potentiate relaxation to CGRP. Relaxation to forskolin was not blocked by PKA or AC inhibitors, although AC inhibitors significantly inhibited the increase in cAMP. Inhibition of Gβγ subunits using gallein significantly inhibited the relaxation to CGRP in human coronary arteries. CONCLUSION While CGRP signalling is generally assumed to act via cAMP, the CGRP-induced vasodilation in HCA was not inhibited by targeting this intracellular signalling pathway at different levels. Instead, inhibition of Gβγ subunits did inhibit the relaxation to CGRP, suggesting a different mechanism of CGRP-induced relaxation than generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sieneke Labruijere
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Rivera-Mancilla
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Schutter
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Smith JS, Hilibrand AS, Skiba MA, Dates AN, Calvillo-Miranda VG, Kruse AC. The M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Can Signal through Multiple G Protein Families. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:386-394. [PMID: 38641412 PMCID: PMC11114115 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates important physiologic processes, including vascular tone, bronchoconstriction, and insulin secretion. It is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, including pancreatic beta, smooth muscle, neuronal, and immune cells. Agonist binding to the M3R is thought to initiate intracellular signaling events primarily through the heterotrimeric G protein Gq. However, reports differ on the ability of M3R to couple to other G proteins beyond Gq. Using members from the four primary G protein families (Gq, Gi, Gs, and G13) in radioligand binding, GTP turnover experiments, and cellular signaling assays, including live cell G protein dissociation and second messenger assessment of cAMP and inositol trisphosphate, we show that other G protein families, particularly Gi and Gs, can also interact with the human M3R. We further show that these interactions are productive as assessed by amplification of classic second messenger signaling events. Our findings demonstrate that the M3R is more promiscuous with respect to G protein interactions than previously appreciated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The study reveals that the human M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R), known for its pivotal roles in diverse physiological processes, not only activates intracellular signaling via Gq as previously known but also functionally interacts with other G protein families such as Gi and Gs, expanding our understanding of its versatility in mediating cellular responses. These findings signify a broader and more complex regulatory network governed by M3R and have implications for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S., A.S.H., M.A.S., A.N.D., V.G.C.-M., A.C.K.) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S.)
| | - Ari S Hilibrand
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S., A.S.H., M.A.S., A.N.D., V.G.C.-M., A.C.K.) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S.)
| | - Meredith A Skiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S., A.S.H., M.A.S., A.N.D., V.G.C.-M., A.C.K.) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S.)
| | - Andrew N Dates
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S., A.S.H., M.A.S., A.N.D., V.G.C.-M., A.C.K.) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S.)
| | - Victor G Calvillo-Miranda
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S., A.S.H., M.A.S., A.N.D., V.G.C.-M., A.C.K.) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S.)
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S., A.S.H., M.A.S., A.N.D., V.G.C.-M., A.C.K.) and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.S.S.)
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11
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Hernandez JR, Xiong C, Pietrantonio PV. A fluorescently-tagged tick kinin neuropeptide triggers peristalsis and labels tick midgut muscles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10863. [PMID: 38740831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that require heme for their successful reproduction. During feeding they also acquire pathogens that are subsequently transmitted to humans, wildlife and/or livestock. Understanding the regulation of tick midgut is important for blood meal digestion, heme and nutrient absorption processes and for aspects of pathogen biology in the host. We previously demonstrated the activity of tick kinins on the cognate G protein-coupled receptor. Herein we uncovered the physiological role of the kinin receptor in the tick midgut. A fluorescently-labeled kinin peptide with the endogenous kinin 8 sequence (TMR-RK8), identical in the ticks Rhipicephalus microplus and R. sanguineus, activated and labeled the recombinant R. microplus receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells. When applied to the live midgut the TMR-RK8 labeled the kinin receptor in muscles while the labeled peptide with the scrambled-sequence of kinin 8 (TMR-Scrambled) did not. The unlabeled kinin 8 peptide competed TMR-RK8, decreasing confocal microscopy signal intensity, indicating TMR-RK8 specificity to muscles. TMR-RK8 was active, inducing significant midgut peristalsis that was video-recorded and evaluated with video tracking software. The TMR-Scrambled peptide used as a negative control did not elicit peristalsis. The myotropic function of kinins in eliciting tick midgut peristalsis was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Hernandez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
| | - Caixing Xiong
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
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12
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Zuo H, Park J, Frangaj A, Ye J, Lu G, Manning JJ, Asher WB, Lu Z, Hu GB, Wang L, Mendez J, Eng E, Zhang Z, Lin X, Grassucci R, Hendrickson WA, Clarke OB, Javitch JA, Conigrave AD, Fan QR. Promiscuous G-protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor. Nature 2024; 629:481-488. [PMID: 38632411 PMCID: PMC11844898 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects fluctuations in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis1,2. It also mediates diverse cellular processes not associated with Ca2+ balance3-5. The functional pleiotropy of CaSR arises in part from its ability to signal through several G-protein subtypes6. We determined structures of CaSR in complex with G proteins from three different subfamilies: Gq, Gi and Gs. We found that the homodimeric CaSR of each complex couples to a single G protein through a common mode. This involves the C-terminal helix of each Gα subunit binding to a shallow pocket that is formed in one CaSR subunit by all three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3), an extended transmembrane helix 3 and an ordered C-terminal region. G-protein binding expands the transmembrane dimer interface, which is further stabilized by phospholipid. The restraint imposed by the receptor dimer, in combination with ICL2, enables G-protein activation by facilitating conformational transition of Gα. We identified a single Gα residue that determines Gq and Gs versus Gi selectivity. The length and flexibility of ICL2 allows CaSR to bind all three Gα subtypes, thereby conferring capacity for promiscuous G-protein coupling.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Calcium/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinseo Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurel Frangaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianxiang Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wesley B Asher
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Bin Hu
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Mendez
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Eng
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Culhuac EB, Bello M. Evaluation of Urtica dioica Phytochemicals against Therapeutic Targets of Allergic Rhinitis Using Computational Studies. Molecules 2024; 29:1765. [PMID: 38675586 PMCID: PMC11052477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting millions globally, with current treatments often associated with significant side effects. To seek safer and more effective alternatives, natural sources like Urtica dioica (UD) are being explored. However, UD's mechanism of action remains unknown. Therefore, to elucidate it, we conducted an in silico evaluation of UD phytochemicals' effects on known therapeutic targets of allergic rhinitis: histamine receptor 1 (HR1), neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CLR1), chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on type 2 helper T cells (CRTH2), and bradykinin receptor type 2 (BK2R). The docking analysis identified amentoflavone, alpha-tocotrienol, neoxanthin, and isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside as possessing a high affinity for all the receptors. Subsequently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to analyze the key interactions; the free energy of binding was calculated through Generalized Born and Surface Area Solvation (MMGBSA), and the conformational changes were evaluated. Alpha-tocotrienol exhibited a high affinity while also inducing positive conformational changes across all targets. Amentoflavone primarily affected CRTH2, neoxanthin targeted NK1R, CRTH2, and BK2R, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside acted on NK1R. These findings suggest UD's potential to treat AR symptoms by inhibiting these targets. Notably, alpha-tocotrienol emerges as a promising multi-target inhibitor. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Bahena Culhuac
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50000, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
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14
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Suno R. Exploring Diverse Signaling Mechanisms of G Protein-Coupled Receptors through Structural Biology. J Biochem 2024; 175:357-365. [PMID: 38382646 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in structural biology have facilitated the elucidation of complexes involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their associated signal transducers, including G proteins and arrestins. A comprehensive analysis of these structures provides profound insights into the dynamics of signaling mechanisms. These structural revelations can potentially guide the development of drugs to minimize side effects through targeted and selective signaling. Understanding the binding modes of different signal-selective ligands is imperative for future drug research and development. Here, we conduct a comparative examination of the structural details of various GPCR-signal transducer complexes and delve into the molecular basis of the currently proposed signal selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
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15
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Hong X, Ma J, Zheng S, Zhao G, Fu C. Advances in the research and application of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:91-105. [PMID: 38303494 PMCID: PMC10835208 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) system has been found to be involved in various human pathophysiological disorders including the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides, studies in the oncological field have demonstrated an intricate correlation between the upregulation of NK-1R and the activation of SP/NK-1R system with the progression of multiple carcinoma types and poor clinical prognosis. These findings indicate that the modulation of SP/NK-1R system with NK-1R antagonists can be a potential broad-spectrum antitumor strategy. This review updates the latest potential and applications of NK-1R antagonists in the treatment of human diseases and cancers, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of NK-1R antagonist drugs are summarized, such as solid dispersion systems, nanonization, and nanoencapsulation. As a radiopharmaceutical therapeutic, the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant was originally developed as radioligand receptor to target NK-1R-overexpressing tumors. However, combining NK-1R antagonists with other drugs can produce a synergistic effect, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect, alleviating the symptoms, and improving patients quality of life in several diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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16
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Soltani A, Hashemy SI. Homology modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, and ADME approaches to identify a potent agent targeting NK2R protein. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:213-222. [PMID: 37904319 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin/tachykinin receptors are classified as the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. The neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) is widely expressed in different tissues. NK2R is associated with a range of biological events, such as inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, intestinal motor functions, and asthma. Despite these diverse activities, no approved drugs targeting NK2R have been developed yet. Our study focuses on finding potential inhibitors for NK2R using virtual screening, molecular docking, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) approaches. We used a homology modeling approach and AlphaFold DB to obtain the three-dimensional structure of mouse and human NK2R proteins, respectively. The homology model of NK2R was predicted using MODELLER v10.3 and further refined and validated using the 3Drefine tool and RAMPAGE server, respectively. Molecular docking was performed using a library of 910 structurally similar molecules to four NK1R antagonists: aprepitant, casopitant, fosaprepitant, and rolapitant. Molecular docking revealed six small molecules that displayed high Chemscore fitness scores, and binding energies with desirable ligand-NK2R interactions. The evaluation of the in silico ADME profile, solubility, and permeability of the ligand molecules has revealed that the small molecules are potentially nontoxic and have the chance of exhibiting biological activity after oral administration. Further experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo assays) are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these inhibitors as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Soltani
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Rodriguez FD, Covenas R. Association of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Signaling Pathways with Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:6460-6486. [PMID: 37594106 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230818110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous biochemical reactions leading to altered cell proliferation cause tumorigenesis and cancer treatment resistance. The mechanisms implicated include genetic and epigenetic changes, modified intracellular signaling, and failure of control mechanisms caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors alone or combined. No unique biochemical events are responsible; entangled molecular reactions conduct the resident cells in a tissue to display uncontrolled growth and abnormal migration. Copious experimental research supports the etiological responsibility of NK-1R (neurokinin-1 receptor) activation, alone or cooperating with other mechanisms, in cancer appearance in different tissues. Consequently, a profound study of this receptor system in the context of malignant processes is essential to design new treatments targeting NK-1R-deviated activity. METHODS This study reviews and discusses recent literature that analyzes the main signaling pathways influenced by the activation of neurokinin 1 full and truncated receptor variants. Also, the involvement of NK-1R in cancer development is discussed. CONCLUSION NK-1R can signal through numerous pathways and cross-talk with other receptor systems. The participation of override or malfunctioning NK-1R in malignant processes needs a more precise definition in different types of cancers to apply satisfactory and effective treatments. A long way has already been traveled: the current disposal of selective and effective NK-1R antagonists and the capacity to develop new drugs with biased agonistic properties based on the receptor's structural states with functional significance opens immediate research action and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco David Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Covenas
- Group GIR USAL: BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Madsen JJ, Petersen JE, Christensen DP, Hansen JB, Schwartz TW, Frimurer TM, Olsen OH. Deciphering specificity and cross-reactivity in tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105438. [PMID: 37944618 PMCID: PMC10724690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinin receptors neurokinin 1 (NK1R) and neurokinin 2 (NK2R) are G protein-coupled receptors that bind preferentially to the natural peptide ligands substance P and neurokinin A, respectively, and have been targets for drug development. Despite sharing a common C-terminal sequence of Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 that helps direct biological function, the peptide ligands exhibit some degree of cross-reactivity toward each other's non-natural receptor. Here, we investigate the detailed structure-activity relationships of the ligand-bound receptor complexes that underlie both potent activation by the natural ligand and cross-reactivity. We find that the specificity and cross-reactivity of the peptide ligands can be explained by the interactions between the amino acids preceding the FxGLM consensus motif of the bound peptide ligand and two regions of the receptor: the β-hairpin of the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and a N-terminal segment leading into transmembrane helix 1. Positively charged sidechains of the ECL2 (R177 of NK1R and K180 of NK2R) are seen to play a vital role in the interaction. The N-terminal positions 1 to 3 of the peptide ligand are entirely dispensable. Mutated and chimeric receptor and ligand constructs neatly swap around ligand specificity as expected, validating the structure-activity hypotheses presented. These findings will help in developing improved agonists or antagonists for NK1R and NK2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper J Madsen
- Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jacob E Petersen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole H Olsen
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Coveñas R, Rodríguez FD, Robinson P, Muñoz M. The Repurposing of Non-Peptide Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists as Antitumor Drugs: An Urgent Challenge for Aprepitant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15936. [PMID: 37958914 PMCID: PMC10650658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) system is involved in cancer progression. NK-1R, activated by SP, promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, the Warburg effect, and the prevention of apoptosis. Tumor cells overexpress NK-1R, which influences their viability. A typical specific anticancer strategy using NK-1R antagonists, irrespective of the tumor type, is possible because these antagonists block all the effects mentioned above mediated by SP on cancer cells. This review will update the information regarding using NK-1R antagonists, particularly Aprepitant, as an anticancer drug. Aprepitant shows a broad-spectrum anticancer effect against many tumor types. Aprepitant alone or in combination therapy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy could reduce the sequelae and increase the cure rate and quality of life of patients with cancer. Current data open the door to new cancer research aimed at antitumor therapeutic strategies using Aprepitant. To achieve this goal, reprofiling the antiemetic Aprepitant as an anticancer drug is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Group GIR-BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Francisco D. Rodríguez
- Group GIR-BMD (Bases Moleculares del Desarrollo), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Prema Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miguel Muñoz
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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20
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Nie Y, Qiu Z, Chen S, Chen Z, Song X, Ma Y, Huang N, Cyster JG, Zheng S. Specific binding of GPR174 by endogenous lysophosphatidylserine leads to high constitutive G s signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5901. [PMID: 37737235 PMCID: PMC10516915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain understudied because their endogenous ligands are unknown. Here, we show that a group of class A/rhodopsin-like orphan GPCRs including GPR61, GPR161 and GPR174 increase the cAMP level similarly to fully activated D1 dopamine receptor (D1R). We report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the GPR61‒Gs, GPR161‒Gs and GPR174‒Gs complexes without any exogenous ligands. The GPR174 structure reveals that endogenous lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) is copurified. While GPR174 fails to respond to exogenous lysoPS, likely owing to its maximal activation by the endogenous ligand, GPR174 mutants with lower ligand binding affinities can be specifically activated by lysoPS but not other lipids, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GPR174 adopts a non-canonical Gs coupling mode. The structures of GPR161 and GPR61 reveal that the second extracellular loop (ECL2) penetrates into the orthosteric pocket, possibly contributing to constitutive activity. Our work definitively confirms lysoPS as an endogenous GPR174 ligand and suggests that high constitutive activity of some orphan GPCRs could be accounted for by their having naturally abundant ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Qiu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Song
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jason G Cyster
- HHMI, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sanduo Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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21
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Layden A, Ma X, Johnson CA, He XJ, Buczynski SA, Banghart MR. A Biomimetic C-Terminal Extension Strategy for Photocaging Amidated Neuropeptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19611-19621. [PMID: 37649440 PMCID: PMC10510324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable neuropeptides offer a robust stimulus-response relationship that can drive mechanistic studies into the physiological mechanisms of neuropeptidergic transmission. The majority of neuropeptides contain a C-terminal amide, which offers a potentially general site for installation of a C-terminal caging group. Here, we report a biomimetic caging strategy in which the neuropeptide C-terminus is extended via a photocleavable amino acid to mimic the proneuropeptides found in large dense-core vesicles. We explored this approach with four prominent neuropeptides: gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), oxytocin (OT), substance P (SP), and cholecystokinin (CCK). C-terminus extension greatly reduced the activity of all four peptides at heterologously expressed receptors. In cell type-specific electrophysiological recordings from acute brain slices, subsecond flashes of ultraviolet light produced rapidly activating membrane currents via activation of endogenous G protein-coupled receptors. Subsequent mechanistic studies with caged CCK revealed a role for extracellular proteases in shaping the temporal dynamics of CCK signaling, and a striking switch-like, cell-autonomous anti-opioid effect of transient CCK signaling in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons. These results suggest that C-terminus extension with a photocleavable linker may be a general strategy for photocaging amidated neuropeptides and demonstrate how photocaged neuropeptides can provide mechanistic insights into neuropeptide signaling that are inaccessible using conventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline A. Johnson
- Department of Neurobiology,
School of Biological Sciences, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Stanley A. Buczynski
- Department of Neurobiology,
School of Biological Sciences, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Matthew R. Banghart
- Department of Neurobiology,
School of Biological Sciences, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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22
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Powers AS, Khan A, Paggi JM, Latorraca NR, Souza S, Salvo JD, Lu J, Soisson SM, Johnston JM, Weinglass AB, Dror RO. A non-canonical mechanism of GPCR activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553154. [PMID: 37645874 PMCID: PMC10462065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The goal of designing safer, more effective drugs has led to tremendous interest in molecular mechanisms through which ligands can precisely manipulate signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest class of drug targets. Decades of research have led to the widely accepted view that all agonists-ligands that trigger GPCR activation-function by causing rearrangement of the GPCR's transmembrane helices, opening an intracellular pocket for binding of transducer proteins. Here we demonstrate that certain agonists instead trigger activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 by directly rearranging an intracellular loop that interacts with transducers. We validate the predictions of our atomic-level simulations by targeted mutagenesis; specific mutations which disrupt interactions with the intracellular loop convert these agonists into inverse agonists. Further analysis suggests that allosteric ligands could regulate signaling of many other GPCRs via a similar mechanism, offering rich possibilities for precise control of pharmaceutically important targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aasma Khan
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Paggi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sarah Souza
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Jun Lu
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
- Small Molecule Discovery, Zai Lab (US) LLC, 314 Main Street, Suite 04-100, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Stephen M Soisson
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
- Protein Therapeutics and Structural Biology, Odyssey Therapeutics, 51 Sleeper Street, Suite 800, Boston, MA 02210
| | | | - Adam B Weinglass
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Gusach A, García-Nafría J, Tate CG. New insights into GPCR coupling and dimerisation from cryo-EM structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102574. [PMID: 36963163 PMCID: PMC10423944 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years (2020-2022) more structures of GPCRs have been determined than in the previous twenty years (2000-2019), primarily of GPCR complexes that are large enough for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM. This review will present some structural highlights that have advanced our molecular understanding of promiscuous G protein coupling, how a G protein receptor kinase and β-arrestins couple to GPCRs, and GPCR dimerisation. We will also discuss advances in the use of gene fusions, nanobodies, and Fab fragments to facilitate the structure determination of GPCRs in the inactive state that, on their own, are too small for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Gusach
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. https://twitter.com/GusachAnastasia
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain. https://twitter.com/JGarciaNafria
| | - Christopher G Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
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24
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Klenk C, Scrivens M, Niederer A, Shi S, Mueller L, Gersz E, Zauderer M, Smith ES, Strohner R, Plückthun A. A Vaccinia-based system for directed evolution of GPCRs in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1770. [PMID: 36997531 PMCID: PMC10063554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution in bacterial or yeast display systems has been successfully used to improve stability and expression of G protein-coupled receptors for structural and biophysical studies. Yet, several receptors cannot be tackled in microbial systems due to their complex molecular composition or unfavorable ligand properties. Here, we report an approach to evolve G protein-coupled receptors in mammalian cells. To achieve clonality and uniform expression, we develop a viral transduction system based on Vaccinia virus. By rational design of synthetic DNA libraries, we first evolve neurotensin receptor 1 for high stability and expression. Second, we demonstrate that receptors with complex molecular architectures and large ligands, such as the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, can be readily evolved. Importantly, functional receptor properties can now be evolved in the presence of the mammalian signaling environment, resulting in receptor variants exhibiting increased allosteric coupling between the ligand binding site and the G protein interface. Our approach thus provides insights into the intricate molecular interplay required for GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Klenk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Scrivens
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Anina Niederer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuying Shi
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Loretta Mueller
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Gersz
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Maurice Zauderer
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Ernest S Smith
- Vaccinex, Inc., 1895 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Strohner
- MorphoSys AG, Semmelweisstr. 7, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Zhu Z, Bhatia M. Inflammation and Organ Injury the Role of Substance P and Its Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6140. [PMID: 37047113 PMCID: PMC10094202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly controlled inflammation is an indispensable mechanism in the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis in living organisms. However, aberrant inflammation is detrimental and has been suggested as a key contributor to organ injury with different etiologies. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide with a robust effect on inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of SP are achieved by activating its functional receptors, namely the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) receptor and mas-related G protein-coupled receptors X member 2 (MRGPRX2) and its murine homolog MRGPRB2. Upon activation, the receptors further signal to several cellular signaling pathways involved in the onset, development, and progression of inflammation. Therefore, excessive SP-NK1R or SP-MRGPRX2/B2 signals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated organ injury. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of SP and its receptors and the emerging roles of the SP-NK1R system and the SP-MRGPRX2/B2 system in inflammation and injury in multiple organs resulting from different pathologies. We also briefly discuss the prospect of developing a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory organ injury by disrupting the proinflammatory actions of SP via pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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26
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Moreau CJ, Audic G, Lemel L, García-Fernández MD, Nieścierowicz K. Interactions of cholesterol molecules with GPCRs in different states: A comparative analysis of GPCRs' structures. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184100. [PMID: 36521554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Audic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Lemel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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27
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Carrión-Antolí Á, Mallor-Franco J, Arroyo-Urea S, García-Nafría J. Structural insights into promiscuous GPCR-G protein coupling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 195:137-152. [PMID: 36707152 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Carrión-Antolí
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Mallor-Franco
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Arroyo-Urea
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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28
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Shi Y, Chen Y, Deng L, Du K, Lu S, Chen T. Structural Understanding of Peptide-Bound G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Peptide-Target Interactions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1083-1111. [PMID: 36625741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is triggered by ligand binding to their orthosteric sites, which induces ligand-specific conformational changes. Agonists and antagonists bound to GPCR orthosteric sites provide detailed information on ligand-binding modes. Among these, peptide ligands play an instrumental role in GPCR pharmacology and have attracted increased attention as therapeutic drugs. The recent breakthrough in GPCR structural biology has resulted in the remarkable availability of peptide-bound GPCR complexes. Despite the several structural similarities shared by these receptors, they exhibit distinct features in terms of peptide recognition and receptor activation. From this perspective, we have summarized the current status of peptide-bound GPCR structural complexes, largely focusing on the interactions between the receptor and its peptide ligand at the orthosteric site. In-depth structural investigations have yielded valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying peptide recognition. This study would contribute to the discovery of GPCR peptide drugs with improved therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Interventional, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Kui Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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29
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Zhu E, Liu Y, Zhong M, Liu Y, Jiang X, Shu X, Li N, Guan H, Xia Y, Li J, Lan HY, Zheng Z. Targeting NK-1R attenuates renal fibrosis via modulating inflammatory responses and cell fate in chronic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142240. [PMID: 37033943 PMCID: PMC10080018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is clinically irreversible and without effective therapy. Renal tubules are vulnerable to various insults, and tubular injury is involving in the initiation and evolution of renal inflammation and fibrosis. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) functions by interacting with proinflammatory neuropeptide substance P (SP), exerting crucial roles in various neurological and non-neurological diseases. However, its roles in renal inflammation and fibrosis are still unknown. Methods We collected renal biopsy specimens and serum samples of individuals with or without CKD. Additionally, knockout mice lacking NK-1R expression, SP addition and NK-1R pharmacological antagonist treatment in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, and NK-1R-overexpressed HK-2 cells were employed. Results Renal SP/NK-1R and serum SP were increased in patients with CKD and mice experiencing UUO and correlated with renal fibrosis and function. SP addition enhanced UUO-induced progressive inflammatory responses and renal fibrosis, whereas genetically or pharmacologically targeting NK-1R attenuated these effects. Mechanistically, TFAP4 promoted NK-1R transcription by binding to its promoter, which was abolished by mutation of the binding site between TFAP4 and NK-1R promoter. Furthermore, SP acted through the NK-1R to activate the JNK/p38 pathways to modulate cell fate of tubular epithelial cells including growth arrest, apoptosis, and expression of profibrogenic genes. Conclusion Our data reveals that SP/NK-1R signaling promotes renal inflammatory responses and fibrosis, suggesting NK-1R could be a potential therapeutic target for the patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaorong Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Xia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Zheng, ; Hui-yao Lan, ; Jinhong Li,
| | - Hui-yao Lan
- Departments of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immune and Genetic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Zheng, ; Hui-yao Lan, ; Jinhong Li,
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Zheng, ; Hui-yao Lan, ; Jinhong Li,
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30
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Structural insights into the activation of neurokinin 2 receptor by neurokinin A. Cell Discov 2022; 8:72. [PMID: 35882833 PMCID: PMC9325979 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Waltenspühl Y, Ehrenmann J, Vacca S, Thom C, Medalia O, Plückthun A. Structural basis for the activation and ligand recognition of the human oxytocin receptor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4153. [PMID: 35851571 PMCID: PMC9293896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The small cyclic neuropeptide hormone oxytocin (OT) and its cognate receptor play a central role in the regulation of social behaviour and sexual reproduction. Here we report the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of the active oxytocin receptor (OTR) in complex with its cognate ligand oxytocin. Our structure provides high-resolution insights into the OT binding mode, the OTR activation mechanism as well as the subtype specificity within the oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Waltenspühl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Janosch Ehrenmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- leadXpro AG, PARK innovAARE, CH-5234, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Thom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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García-Aranda M, Téllez T, McKenna L, Redondo M. Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) Antagonists as a New Strategy to Overcome Cancer Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092255. [PMID: 35565383 PMCID: PMC9102068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the identification of new therapeutic targets that allow for the development of treatments, which as monotherapy, or in combination with other existing treatments can contribute to improve response rates, prognosis and survival of oncologic patients, is a priority to optimize healthcare within sustainable health systems. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of Substance P (SP) and its preferred receptor, Neurokinin 1 Receptor (NK-1R), in human cancer and the potential antitumor activity of NK-1R antagonists as an anticancer treatment. In this review, we outline the relevant studies published to date regarding the SP/NK-1R complex as a key player in human cancer and also evaluate if the repurposing of already marketed NK-1R antagonists may be useful in the development of new treatment strategies to overcome cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovía A-7, km 187, 29603 Marbella, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (L.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), C/Dr. Miguel Díaz Recio, 28, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Teresa Téllez
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lauraine McKenna
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovía A-7, km 187, 29603 Marbella, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (L.M.)
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Research and Innovation Unit, Hospital Costa del Sol, Autovía A-7, km 187, 29603 Marbella, Spain; (M.G.-A.); (L.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), C/Dr. Miguel Díaz Recio, 28, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC) and Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Lipiński PFJ, Matalińska J. Fentanyl Structure as a Scaffold for Opioid/Non-Opioid Multitarget Analgesics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052766. [PMID: 35269909 PMCID: PMC8910985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies in the search for safe and effective analgesic drugs is the design of multitarget analgesics. Such compounds are intended to have high affinity and activity at more than one molecular target involved in pain modulation. In the present contribution we summarize the attempts in which fentanyl or its substructures were used as a μ-opioid receptor pharmacophoric fragment and a scaffold to which fragments related to non-opioid receptors were attached. The non-opioid ‘second’ targets included proteins as diverse as imidazoline I2 binding sites, CB1 cannabinoid receptor, NK1 tachykinin receptor, D2 dopamine receptor, cyclooxygenases, fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase and σ1 receptor. Reviewing the individual attempts, we outline the chemistry, the obtained pharmacological properties and structure-activity relationships. Finally, we discuss the possible directions for future work.
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Lee S, Kim MA, Park JM, Park K, Sohn YC. Multiple tachykinins and their receptors characterized in the gastropod mollusk Pacific abalone: Expression, signaling cascades, and potential role in regulating lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:994863. [PMID: 36187101 PMCID: PMC9521575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.994863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachykinin (TK) families, including the first neuropeptide substance P, have been intensively explored in bilaterians. Knowledge of signaling of TK receptors (TKRs) has enabled the comprehension of diverse physiological processes. However, TK signaling systems are largely unknown in Lophotrochozoa. This study identified two TK precursors and two TKR isoforms in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (Hdh), and characterized Hdh-TK signaling. Hdh-TK peptides harbored protostomian TK-specific FXGXRamide or unique YXGXRamide motifs at the C-termini. A phylogenetic analysis showed that lophotrochozoan TKRs, including Hdh-TKRs, form a monophyletic group distinct from arthropod TKRs and natalisin receptor groups. Although reporter assays demonstrated that all examined Hdh-TK peptides activate intracellular cAMP accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization in Hdh-TKR-expressing mammalian cells, Hdh-TK peptides with N-terminal aromatic residues and C-terminal FXGXRamide motifs were more active than shorter or less aromatic Hdh-TK peptides with a C-terminal YXGXRamide. In addition, we showed that ligand-stimulated Hdh-TKRs mediate ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells and that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is inhibited by PKA and PKC inhibitors. In three-dimensional in silico Hdh-TKR binding modeling, higher docking scores of Hdh-TK peptides were consistent with the lower EC50 values in the reporter assays. The transcripts for Hdh-TK precursors and Hdh-TKR were highly expressed in the neural ganglia, with lower expression levels in peripheral tissues. When abalone were starved for 3 weeks, Hdh-TK1 transcript levels, but not Hdh-TK2, were increased in the cerebral ganglia (CG), intestine, and hepatopancreas, contrasting with the decreased lipid content and transcript levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). At 24 h post-injection in vivo, the lower dose of Hdh-TK1 mixture increased SREBP transcript levels in the CG and hepatopancreas and accumulative food consumption of abalone. Higher doses of Hdh-TK1 and Hdh-TK2 mixtures decreased the SREBP levels in the CG. When Hdh-TK2-specific siRNA was injected into abalone, intestinal SREBP levels were significantly increased, whereas administration of both Hdh-TK1 and Hdh-TK2 siRNA led to decreased SREBP expression in the CG. Collectively, our results demonstrate the first TK signaling system in gastropod mollusks and suggest a possible role for TK peptides in regulating lipid metabolism in the neural and peripheral tissues of abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Chang Sohn,
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