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Garcia JPT, Tayo LL. Theoretical Studies of DNA Microarray Present Potential Molecular and Cellular Interconnectivity of Signaling Pathways in Immune System Dysregulation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:393. [PMID: 38674328 PMCID: PMC11049615 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is defined as the inability to regulate immunological activities in the body, especially in response to external triggers, leading to the attack of the tissues and organs of the host. Outcomes include the onset of autoimmune diseases whose effects are primarily due to dysregulated immune responses. In past years, there have been cases that show an increased susceptibility to other autoimmune disorders in patients who are already experiencing the same type of disease. Research in this field has started analyzing the potential molecular and cellular causes of this interconnectedness, bearing in mind the possibility of advancing drugs and therapies for the treatment of autoimmunity. With that, this study aimed to determine the correlation of four autoimmune diseases, which are type 1 diabetes (T1D), psoriasis (PSR), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by identifying highly preserved co-expressed genes among datasets using WGCNA. Functional annotation was then employed to characterize these sets of genes based on their systemic relationship as a whole to elucidate the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions of the pathways they are involved in. Lastly, drug repurposing analysis was performed to screen candidate drugs for repositioning that could regulate the abnormal expression of genes among the diseases. A total of thirteen modules were obtained from the analysis, the majority of which were associated with transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modification processes. Also, the evaluation based on KEGG suggested the possible role of TH17 differentiation in the simultaneous onset of the four diseases. Furthermore, clomiphene was the top drug candidate for regulating overexpressed hub genes; meanwhile, prilocaine was the top drug for regulating under-expressed hub genes. This study was geared towards utilizing transcriptomics approaches for the assessment of microarray data, which is different from the use of traditional genomic analyses. Such a research design for investigating correlations among autoimmune diseases may be the first of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Patrick T. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
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Li X, Wang Z, Gao H, Xiao Y, Li M, Huang Y, Liu G, Guo Y, Song L, Ren Z. Pulsatillae radix extract alleviates DSS-induced colitis via modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory signaling pathway in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21869. [PMID: 38034600 PMCID: PMC10685249 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing intestinal disease with complex pathogenesis. The increasing morbidity and mortality of UC become a global public health threat. Baitouweng decoction (BD), a formulated prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been applied to cure UC for many centuries. However, the therapeutic efficacy and working mechanisms of this medicine are not well studied. Aim of study In this study we determined whether Pulsatillae radix, one of four ingredients in BD, had a therapeutic effect on colitis. And explore the underlying mechanism of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel radix in the improvement of DSS-induced colitis in mice model. Methods The active compounds of Pulsatilla chinensis was identified by UPLC. The composition of the mice's cecum microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. And gene expression profile of colon was detected by transcriptome. Results The results showed that Pulsatillae radix significantly improved the clinical symptom, prevented the shorten of colon length, and decreased the diseased activity index (DAI) in an 3 % DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. We found that Pulsatillae radix reversed the dysbiosis of gut microbiota as evidenced by increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, and Proteobacteria phyla and decrease in Firmicutes, as well as by decrease in the genera levels of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Mucispirillum, Coprococcus, Oscillospira, and Escherichia. The results of transcriptome showed Pulsatillae radix administration led to 128 genes up-regulation, and 122 genes down-regulation, up-regulate NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, down-regulate Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Conclusion in this study, we demonstrate Pulsatillae radix alleviates DSS-induced colitis probably via modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory signaling pathway in DSS-induced colitis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., No.8, Yingchang Street, Yinghai Town, Daxing District, Beijing, 100163, China
| | - Zhihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongyuan Gao
- Taian TSCM Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Mengde Li
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- Linwei Liu Zunji Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weinan, Shaanxi, 714000, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
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Dixon CL, Wu A, Fairn GD. Multifaceted roles and regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing proteins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242659. [PMID: 37869013 PMCID: PMC10585062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins, NOD1 and NOD2, are cytosolic receptors that recognize dipeptides and tripeptides derived from the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan (PGN). During the past two decades, studies have revealed several roles for NODs beyond detecting PGN fragments, including activation of an innate immune anti-viral response, NOD-mediated autophagy, and ER stress induced inflammation. Recent studies have also clarified the dynamic regulation of NODs at cellular membranes to generate specific and balanced immune responses. This review will describe how NOD1 and NOD2 detect microbes and cellular stress and detail the molecular mechanisms that regulate activation and signaling while highlighting new evidence and the impact on inflammatory disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Witte MB, Saupe J, Reiner J, Bannert K, Schafmayer C, Lamprecht G, Berlin P. Ileocolonic Healing after Small Ileocecal Resection in Mice: NOD2 Deficiency Impairs Anastomotic Healing by Local Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3601. [PMID: 37240707 PMCID: PMC10219437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ileocecal resection (ICR) is frequently performed in Crohn's disease (CD). NOD2 mutations are risk factors for CD. Nod2 knockout (ko) mice show impaired anastomotic healing after extended ICR. We further investigated the role of NOD2 after limited ICR. C57B16/J (wt) and Nod2 ko littermates underwent limited ICR including 1-2 cm terminal ileum and were randomly assigned to vehicle or MDP treatment. Bursting pressure was measured on POD 5, and the anastomosis was analyzed for matrix turn-over and granulation tissue. Wound fibroblasts from subcutaneously implanted sponges were used for comparison. The M1/M2 macrophage plasma cytokines were analyzed. Mortality was not different between groups. Bursting pressure was significantly decreased in ko mice. This was associated with less granulation tissue but was not affected by MDP. However, anastomotic leak (AL) rate tended to be lower in MDP-treated ko mice (29% vs. 11%, p = 0.07). mRNA expression of collagen-1α (col1 α), collagen-3α (col3 α), matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)2 and mmp9 was increased in ko mice, indicating increased matrix turn-over, specifically in the anastomosis. Systemic TNF-α expression was significantly lower in ko mice. Ileocolonic healing is impaired in Nod2 ko mice after limited ICR by local mechanisms maybe including local dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Witte
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Saupe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Reiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen Bannert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Lamprecht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peggy Berlin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Maryam S, Krukiewicz K, Haq IU, Khan AA, Yahya G, Cavalu S. Interleukins (Cytokines) as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Progression, Detection, and Monitoring. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093127. [PMID: 37176567 PMCID: PMC10179696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause in developing countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for CRC include obesity, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, and smoking. CRC has a poor prognosis, and there is a critical need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to reduce related deaths. Recently, studies have focused more on molecular testing to guide targeted treatments for CRC patients. The most crucial feature of activated immune cells is the production and release of growth factors and cytokines that modulate the inflammatory conditions in tumor tissues. The cytokine network is valuable for the prognosis and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer as they can aid in the cost-effective and non-invasive detection of cancer. A large number of interleukins (IL) released by the immune system at various stages of CRC can act as "biomarkers". They play diverse functions in colorectal cancer, and include IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33, TNF, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are pro-tumorigenic genes. However, there are an inadequate number of studies in this area considering its correlation with cytokine profiles that are clinically useful in diagnosing cancer. A better understanding of cytokine levels to establish diagnostic pathways entails an understanding of cytokine interactions and the regulation of their various biochemical signaling pathways in healthy individuals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of some interleukins as immunological biomarkers of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Maryam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Awal Ayaz Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Al Sharqia, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Anti- E. coli Immunoglobulin Yolk (IgY): Reduction of pathogen receptors and inflammation factors could be caused by decrease in E. coli load. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13876. [PMID: 36873547 PMCID: PMC9982617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, especially for intestinal GVHD, as steroid resistant GVHD results in high mortality. For this reason, new treatments of GVHD are needed. One approach is the reduction of pathogenic bacteria using anti-E. coli Immunoglobulin Yolk (IgY). In a haploidentical murine model, B6D2F1 mice conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI), received bone marrow cells (BM) and splenocytes (SC) from either syngeneic (Syn = B6D2F1) or allogeneic (Allo = C57BL/6) donors. Following this, animals received from day -2 until day +28 chow contained IgY or control chow. Thereafter the incidence and severity of aGVHD, the cytokines, chemokines, IDO1 and different pathogen-recognition receptors (PRR) were analyzed and compared to control animals (received chow without IgY). We found that animals receiving chow with IgY antibody showed reduced GVHD severity compared to control animals. On day28 after alloBMT, IDO, NOD2, TLR2, TLR4 and the inflammatory chemokine CCL3, were reduced in the colon and correlated with a significant decrease in E. coli bacteria. In summary chow containing chicken antibodies (IgY) improved GVHD via decrease in bacterial load of E coli conducting to reduction of pathogen receptors (NOD2, TLR2 and 4), IDO, chemokines and cytokines.
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A Staphylococcal Glucosaminidase Drives Inflammatory Responses by Processing Peptidoglycan Chains to Physiological Lengths. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0050022. [PMID: 36715551 PMCID: PMC9933629 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00500-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus is a critical cell envelope constituent and virulence factor that subverts host immune defenses and provides protection against environmental stressors. Peptidoglycan chains of the S. aureus cell wall are processed to characteristically short lengths by the glucosaminidase SagB. It is well established that peptidoglycan is an important pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that is recognized by the host innate immune system and promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, how bacterial processing of peptidoglycan drives IL-1β production is comparatively unexplored. Here, we tested the involvement of staphylococcal glucosaminidases in shaping innate immune responses and identified SagB as a mediator of IL-1β production. A ΔsagB mutant fails to promote IL-1β production by macrophages and dendritic cells, and processing of peptidoglycan by SagB is essential for this response. SagB-dependent IL-1β production by macrophages is independent of canonical pattern recognition receptor engagement and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase activity. Instead, treatment of macrophages with heat-killed cells from a ΔsagB mutant leads to reduced caspase-independent cleavage of pro-IL-1β, resulting in accumulation of the pro form in the macrophage cytosol. Furthermore, SagB is required for virulence in systemic infection and promotes IL-1β production in a skin and soft tissue infection model. Taken together, our results suggest that the length of S. aureus cell wall glycan chains can drive IL-1β production by innate immune cells through a previously undescribed mechanism related to IL-1β maturation.
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de Mesquita TGR, Junior JDES, de Souza JL, da Silva LS, do Nascimento TA, de Souza MLG, Guerra MVDF, Ramasawmy R. Variants of NOD2 in Leishmania guyanensis-infected patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and correlations with plasma circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281814. [PMID: 36795715 PMCID: PMC9934361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases, a group of vector-borne diseases, are caused by the protozoan intracellular parasite Leishmania (L.) and are transmitted by the phlebotomine sandflies. A wide range of clinical manifestations in L- infection is observed. The clinical outcome ranges from asymptomatic, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to severe mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), depending on the L. species. Interestingly, only a fraction of L.-infected individuals progress to disease development, suggesting a key role of host genetics in the clinical outcome. NOD2 plays a critical role in the control of host defense and inflammation. The NOD2-RIK2 pathway is involved in developing a Th1- type response in patients with VL and C57BL/6 mice infected with L. infantum. We investigated whether variants in the NOD2 gene (R702W rs2066844, G908R rs2066845, and L1007fsinsC rs2066847) are associated with susceptibility to CL caused by L. guyanensis (Lg) in 837 patients with Lg-Cl and 797 healthy controls (HC) with no history of leishmaniasis. Both patients and HC are from the same endemic area of the Amazonas state of Brazil. The variants R702W and G908R were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and L1007fsinsC was by direct nucleotide sequencing. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of L1007fsinsC was 0.5% among the patients with Lg-CL and 0.6% in the healthy controls group. R702W genotypes frequencies were similar in both groups. Only 1% and 1.6% were heterozygous for G908R among the patients with Lg-CL and HC, respectively. None of the variants revealed any association with susceptibility to the development of Lg-CL. Correlations of genotypes with the level of plasma cytokines revealed that individuals with the mutant alleles of R702W tend to have low levels of IFN-γ. G908R heterozygotes also tend to have low IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-8. Variants of NOD2 are not involved in the pathogenesis of Lg-CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirza Gabrielle Ramos de Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - José do Espírito Santo Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Josué Lacerda de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lener Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazonia Legal (Rede Bionorte), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Lúcia Gomes de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinitius de Farias Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazonia Legal (Rede Bionorte), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Malkova AM, Gubal AR, Petrova AL, Voronov E, Apte RN, Semenov KN, Sharoyko VV. Pathogenetic role and clinical significance of interleukin-1β in cancer. Immunology 2023; 168:203-216. [PMID: 35462425 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, pro-oncogenic mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment (ТМЕ) have been actively discussed. One of the main cytokines of the TМЕ is interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which exhibits proinflammatory properties. Some studies have shown an association between an increase in IL-1β levels and tumour progression. The purpose of this review is to analyse the pathogenic mechanisms induced by IL-1β in the TМЕ, as well as the diagnostic significance of the presence of IL-1β in patients with cancer and the efficacy of treatment with IL-1β inhibitors. According to the literature, IL-1β can induce an increase in tumour angiogenesis due to its effects on the differentiation of epithelial cells, pro-angiogenic molecule secretion and expression of adhesion molecules, thus increasing tumour growth and metastasis. IL-1β is also involved in the suppression of anti-tumour immune responses. The expression and secretion of IL-1β has been noted in various types of tumours. In some clinical studies, an elevated level of IL-1β was found to be associated with low efficacy of anti-cancer therapy and a poor prognosis. In most experimental and clinical studies, the use of IL-1β inhibitors contributed to a decrease in tumour mass and an increase in the response to anti-tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Malkova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna R Gubal
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Konstantin N Semenov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russia
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Wang S, Pu J, Li X, Yan Z, Li C, Zheng Y, Luo Z, Cui L. UBE2W Improves the Experimental Colitis by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5529-5539. [PMID: 35314916 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NF-κB signaling cascade regulates immune response and is often dysregulated in tumor development. UBE2W is a novel type I ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) whose biological function is still unclear. AIMS This study was designed to investigate whether UBE2W regulates NF-κB signaling pathway and is involved in the progression of experimental colitis. METHODS At the cellular level, the effect of UBE2W on NF-κB transcriptional activity was measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The influence of UBE2W on NF-κB pathway activation and the entry of p65 into the nucleus were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. Moreover, the colitis model was established by administering 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/water to UBE2W overexpression, UBE2W-knockdown and control mice. Body weight, stool consistency, colon length and clinical severity were examined. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of p65 and IκB in the colon tissue were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS UBE2W inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB transcription activity, attenuated IκB and p65 phosphorylation, downregulated TNFα and IL-8 expression and blocked the entry of p65 into the nucleus. In the DSS-induced colitis model, UBE2W-knockdown mice had increased weight loss, more serious diarrhea and mucosal injures compared with the control mice. Moreover, phosphorylation of IκB and p65 and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-6 were significantly increased in UBE2W knockdown mice. However, these changes were completely reversed in UBE2W overexpression mice. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of UBE2W ameliorates the severity of DSS-induced colitis, which may be mediated by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that UBE2W might have potential therapeutic implications in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiang Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lihong Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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11
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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12
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Shaul E, Conrad MA, Dawany N, Patel T, Canavan MC, Baccarella A, Weinbrom S, Aleynick D, Sullivan KE, Kelsen JR. Canakinumab for the treatment of autoinflammatory very early onset- inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972114. [PMID: 36203564 PMCID: PMC9531243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Therapeutic options are critically needed for children with refractory very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD). Our aim was to evaluate clinical response to canakinumab, an anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody, in patients with VEO-IBD whose phenotype resembles those with monogenic autoinflammatory disease. Methods This is a single center retrospective study of patients with VEO-IBD with autoinflammatory phenotype (AIP) in the absence of identified monogenic disease treated with canakinumab for >6 months. AIP was defined as confirmed IBD with associated signs of systemic inflammation in the absence of infection, including leukocytosis, markedly elevated inflammatory markers, and extraintestinal manifestations (recurrent fevers, oral ulcers, arthritis). Primary outcomes included clinical response in disease activity indices after 6 months of therapy. Secondary outcomes included rate of AIP signs and symptoms, growth, surgery, steroid use, hospitalizations, and adverse events. Results Nineteen patients were included: 47% with infantile onset, 58% classified as IBD-U, and 42% classified as CD. At baseline, 37% were biologic naïve, and canakinumab was used as dual therapy in 74% of patients. Clinical response was achieved in 89% with statistically significant improvement in PCDAI and PUCAI. Clinical remission was achieved in 32% of patients. There was significant improvement in the clinical manifestations of AIP and the biochemical markers of disease. Number of hospitalizations (p<0.01) and length of stay (p<0.05) decreased. Growth improved with median weight-for-length Z-score increasing from -1.01 to 1.1 in children less than 2 years old. There were minimal adverse events identified during the study period. Conclusion Canakinumab may be an effective and safe treatment for a subset of children with VEO-IBD with AIP, as well as older patients with IBD. This study highlights the importance of a precision medicine approach in children with VEO-IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Shaul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Máire A. Conrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Noor Dawany
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Trusha Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Megan C. Canavan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alyssa Baccarella
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Weinbrom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Aleynick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judith R. Kelsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Judith R. Kelsen,
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13
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Genetic Parameter Estimation and Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Social Genetic Effects on Average Daily Gain in Purebreds and Crossbreds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172300. [PMID: 36078021 PMCID: PMC9454713 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Average daily gain (ADG) is influenced by both an individual’s direct genetic effect (DGE) and by a social genetic effect (SGE) derived from pen mates. Therefore, identifying the DGE and SGE on ADG is essential for a better understanding of pig breeding systems. We conducted this study to elucidate the genetic characteristics and relationships of DGE and SGE on ADG using purebred and crossbred pigs. We found that the DGE and SGE both contributed to ADG in both populations. In addition, the SGE of purebred pigs was highly correlated with the DGE of crossbred pigs. Furthermore, we identified several genomic regions that may be associated with the DGE and SGE on ADG. Our findings will contribute to future genomic evaluation studies of socially affected traits. Abstract Average daily gain (ADG) is an important growth trait in the pig industry. The direct genetic effect (DGE) has been studied mainly to assess the association between genetic information and economic traits. The social genetic effect (SGE) has been shown to affect ADG simultaneously with the DGE because of group housing systems. We conducted this study to elucidate the genetic characteristics and relationships of the DGE and SGE of purebred Korean Duroc and crossbred pigs by single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction and a genome-wide association study. We used the genotype, phenotype, and pedigree data of 1779, 6022, and 7904 animals, respectively. Total heritabilities on ADG were 0.19 ± 0.04 and 0.39 ± 0.08 for purebred and crossbred pigs, respectively. The genetic correlation was the greatest (0.77 ± 0.12) between the SGE of purebred and DGE of crossbred pigs. We found candidate genes located in the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the SGE that were associated with behavior and neurodegenerative diseases, and candidate genes in the QTLs for DGE that were related to body mass, size of muscle fiber, and muscle hypertrophy. These results suggest that the genomic selection of purebred animals could be applied for crossbred performance.
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14
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Pre-Clinical Murine Models of Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169344. [PMID: 36012618 PMCID: PMC9409205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are both highly inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the cause of IBD is still unclear, several experimental IBD murine models have enabled researchers to make great inroads into understanding human IBD pathology. Here, we discuss the current pre-clinical experimental murine models for human IBD, including the chemical-induced trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model, oxazolone and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) models, the gene-deficient I-kappa-B kinase gamma (Iκκ-γ) and interleukin(IL)-10 models, and the CD4+ T-cell transfer model. We offer a comprehensive review of how these models have been used to dissect the etiopathogenesis of disease, alongside their limitations. Furthermore, the way in which this knowledge has led to the translation of experimental findings into novel clinical therapeutics is also discussed.
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15
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Zhou L, He X, Wang L, Wei P, Cai Z, Zhang S, Jin S, Zeng H, Cui J. Palmitoylation restricts SQSTM1/p62-mediated autophagic degradation of NOD2 to modulate inflammation. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1541-1551. [PMID: 35066577 PMCID: PMC9346120 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) senses bacterial peptidoglycan to induce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Dysregulation of NOD2 signaling is involved in multiple inflammatory disorders. Recently, S-palmitoylation, a novel type of post-translational modification, is reported to play a crucial role in membrane association and ligand-induced signaling of NOD2, yet its influence on the stability of NOD2 is unclear. Here we show that inhibition of S-palmitoylation facilitates the SQSTM1/p62-mediated autophagic degradation of NOD2, while S-palmitoylation of NOD2 by ZDHHC5 promotes the stability of NOD2. Furthermore, we identify a gain-of-function R444C variant of NOD2 short isoform (NOD2s-R444C) in autoinflammatory disease, which induces excessive inflammation through its high S-palmitoylation level. Mechanistically, the NOD2s-R444C variant possesses a stronger binding ability to ZDHHC5, which promotes its S-palmitoylation, and restricts its autophagic degradation by reducing its interaction with SQSTM1/p62. Taken together, our study reveals the regulatory role of S-palmitoylation in controlling NOD2 stability through the crosstalk with autophagy, and provides insights into the association between dysfunctional S-palmitoylation and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.
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16
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Hinton T, Karnak D, Tang M, Jiang R, Luo Y, Boonstra P, Sun Y, Nancarrow DJ, Sandford E, Ray P, Maurino C, Matuszak M, Schipper MJ, Green MD, Yanik GA, Tewari M, Naqa IE, Schonewolf CA, Haken RT, Jolly S, Lawrence TS, Ray D. Improved prediction of radiation pneumonitis by combining biological and radiobiological parameters using a data-driven Bayesian network analysis. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101428. [PMID: 35460942 PMCID: PMC9046881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grade 2 and higher radiation pneumonitis (RP2) is a potentially fatal toxicity that limits efficacy of radiation therapy (RT). We wished to identify a combined biomarker signature of circulating miRNAs and cytokines which, along with radiobiological and clinical parameters, may better predict a targetable RP2 pathway. In a prospective clinical trial of response-adapted RT for patients (n = 39) with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, we analyzed patients' plasma, collected pre- and during RT, for microRNAs (miRNAs) and cytokines using array and multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Interactions between candidate biomarkers, radiobiological, and clinical parameters were analyzed using data-driven Bayesian network (DD-BN) analysis. We identified alterations in specific miRNAs (miR-532, -99b and -495, let-7c, -451 and -139-3p) correlating with lung toxicity. High levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (sTNFR1) were detected in a majority of lung cancer patients. However, among RP patients, within 2 weeks of RT initiation, we noted a trend of temporary decline in sTNFR1 (a physiological scavenger of TNFα) and ADAM17 (a shedding protease that cleaves both membrane-bound TNFα and TNFR1) levels. Cytokine signature identified activation of inflammatory pathway. Using DD-BN we combined miRNA and cytokine data along with generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) to identify pathways with better accuracy of predicting RP2 as compared to either miRNA or cytokines alone. This signature suggests that activation of the TNFα-NFκB inflammatory pathway plays a key role in RP which could be specifically ameliorated by etanercept rather than current therapy of non-specific leukotoxic corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonaye Hinton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - David Karnak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ralph Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Philip Boonstra
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin Sandford
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paramita Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Christopher Maurino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Martha Matuszak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Gregory A Yanik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Caitlin A Schonewolf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Randall Ten Haken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Shruti Jolly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2026, USA.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and microbiome profile of patients in a referral gastrointestinal diseases centre in the Sudan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266533. [PMID: 35381037 PMCID: PMC8982859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease in animals with zoonotic potential; it has been linked to many chronic diseases in humans, especially gastrointestinal diseases (GID). MAP has been extensively studied in Europe and America, but little reports were published from Africa. Sudan is a unique country with close contact between humans and livestock. Despite such interaction, the one health concept is neglected in dealing with cases of humans with GID. In this study, patients admitted to the reference GID hospital in the Sudan over a period of 8 months were screened for presence of MAP in their faeces or colonic biopsies. A total of 86 patients were recruited for this study, but only 67 were screened for MAP, as 19 did not provide the necessary samples for analysis. Both real-time PCR and culture were used to detect MAP in the collected samples and the microbial diversity in patients´ faecal samples was investigated using 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing. In total, 27 (40.3%) patients were MAP positive: they were 15 males and 12 females, of ages between 21 and 80 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed no statistical significance for all tested variables in MAP positive patients (occupation, gender, contact with animal, milk consumption, chronic disease, etc.). A unique microbiome profile of MAP-positive patients in comparison to MAP-negative was found. These findings suggest that a considerable proportion of the population could be MAP infected or carriers. Therefore, increase awareness at community level is urgently needed to decrease the risk of MAP at human/animal interface. This study represents the first report of MAP in humans in the Sudan; nevertheless, a better view of the situation of MAP in humans in the country requires a larger study including patients with other conditions.
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18
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Ma S, Patel SA, Abe Y, Chen N, Patel PR, Cho BS, Abbasi N, Zeng S, Schnabl B, Chang JT, Huang WJM. RORγt phosphorylation protects against T cell-mediated inflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110520. [PMID: 35294872 PMCID: PMC8982147 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RAR-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγt) is an essential transcription factor for thymic T cell development, secondary lymphoid tissue organogenesis, and peripheral immune cell differentiation. Serine 182 phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) on RORγt. However, the in vivo contribution of this PTM in health and disease settings is unclear. We report that this PTM is not involved in thymic T cell development and effector T cell differentiation. Instead, it is a critical regulator of inflammation downstream of IL-1β signaling and extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) activation. ERKs phosphorylation of serine 182 on RORgt serves to simultaneously restrict Th17 hyperactivation and promote anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production in RORγt+ Treg cells. Phospho-null RORγtS182A knockin mice experience exacerbated inflammation in models of colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In summary, the IL-1β-ERK-RORγtS182 circuit protects against T cell-mediated inflammation and provides potential therapeutic targets to combat autoimmune diseases. A balanced mucosal T cell population is essential for tissue homeostasis and wound healing post-injury and infection. In this study, Ma et al. report a surprising role for the phosphorylated transcription factor RORγt as a cell-intrinsic regulator for maintaining mucosal T cell heterogeneity and promoting inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shefali A Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yohei Abe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Parth R Patel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin S Cho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nazia Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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19
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Watanabe D, Kamada N. Contribution of the Gut Microbiota to Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:826240. [PMID: 35198577 PMCID: PMC8859331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.826240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Crohn's disease (CD), intestinal fibrosis is a critical determinant of a patient's prognosis. Although inflammation may be a prerequisite for the initiation of intestinal fibrosis, research shows that the progression or continuation of intestinal fibrosis can occur independently of inflammation. Thus, once initiated, intestinal fibrosis may persist even if medical treatment controls inflammation. Clearly, an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis is required to diminish its occurrence. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. For example, the presence of antibodies against gut microbes can predict which CD patients will have intestinal complications. In addition, microbial ligands can activate intestinal fibroblasts, thereby inducing the production of extracellular matrix. Moreover, in various animal models, bacterial infection can lead to the development of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between intestinal fibrosis in CD and the gut microbiota. We highlight basic science and clinical evidence that the gut microbiota can be causative for intestinal fibrosis in CD and provide valuable information about the animal models used to investigate intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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20
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Juzenas S, Hübenthal M, Lindqvist CM, Kruse R, Steiert TA, Degenhardt F, Schulte D, Nikolaus S, Zeissig S, Bergemalm D, Almer S, Hjortswang H, Bresso F, Strüning N, Kupcinskas J, Keller A, Lieb W, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, D’Amato M, Halfvarson J, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Franke A. Detailed Transcriptional Landscape of Peripheral Blood Points to Increased Neutrophil Activation in Treatment-Naïve Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1097-1109. [PMID: 35022690 PMCID: PMC9351981 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which generally manifests as Crohn's disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]. These subtypes are heterogeneous in terms of disease location and histological features, while sharing common clinical presentation, genetic associations and, thus, common immune regulatory pathways. METHODS Using miRNA and mRNA coupled transcriptome profiling and systems biology approaches, we report a comprehensive analysis of blood transcriptomes from treatment-naïve [n = 110] and treatment-exposed [n = 177] IBD patients as well as symptomatic [n = 65] and healthy controls [n = 95]. RESULTS Broadly, the peripheral blood transcriptomes of CD and UC patients were similar. However, there was an extensive gene deregulation in the blood of IBD patients, while only a slight deregulation in symptomatic controls, when compared with healthy controls. The deregulated mRNAs and miRNAs are mainly involved in the innate immunity and are especially enriched in neutrophil activation-related pathways. Oxidative phosphorylation and neutrophil activation-related modules were found to be differentially co-expressed among treatment-naïve IBD as compared to healthy controls. In the deregulated neutrophil activation-related co-expression module, IL1B was identified as the central gene. Levels of co-expression among IL1B and chemosensing receptor [CXCR1/2 and FPR1/2] genes were reduced in the blood of IBD patients when compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Immune dysregulation seen in peripheral blood transcriptomes of treatment-naïve IBD patients is mainly driven by neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Juzenas
- Corresponding author: Simonas Juzenas, PhD, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (CAU), Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carl Mårten Lindqvist
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden,iRiSC – Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tim Alexander Steiert
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany,Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Bergemalm
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, and Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linköping University, Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Francesca Bresso
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, and Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nina Strüning
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE – BRTA, Derio, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Mu Z, Wei W, Fair B, Miao J, Zhu P, Li YI. The impact of cell type and context-dependent regulatory variants on human immune traits. Genome Biol 2021; 22:122. [PMID: 33926512 PMCID: PMC8082814 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of trait-associated variants identified using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are noncoding, and therefore assumed to impact gene regulation. However, the majority of trait-associated loci are unexplained by regulatory quantitative trait loci (QTLs). RESULTS We perform a comprehensive characterization of the putative mechanisms by which GWAS loci impact human immune traits. By harmonizing four major immune QTL studies, we identify 26,271 expression QTLs (eQTLs) and 23,121 splicing QTLs (sQTLs) spanning 18 immune cell types. Our colocalization analyses between QTLs and trait-associated loci from 72 GWAS reveals that genetic effects on RNA expression and splicing in immune cells colocalize with 40.4% of GWAS loci for immune-related traits, in many cases increasing the fraction of colocalized loci by two fold compared to previous studies. Notably, we find that the largest contributors of this increase are splicing QTLs, which colocalize on average with 14% of all GWAS loci that do not colocalize with eQTLs. By contrast, we find that cell type-specific eQTLs, and eQTLs with small effect sizes contribute very few new colocalizations. To investigate the 60% of GWAS loci that remain unexplained, we collect H3K27ac CUT&Tag data from rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls, and find large-scale differences between immune cells from the different disease contexts, including at regions overlapping unexplained GWAS loci. CONCLUSION Altogether, our work supports RNA splicing as an important mediator of genetic effects on immune traits, and suggests that we must expand our study of regulatory processes in disease contexts to improve functional interpretation of as yet unexplained GWAS loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Mu
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics & Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Benjamin Fair
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jinlin Miao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang I. Li
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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22
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Effect of Food Endotoxin on Infant Health. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050298. [PMID: 33922125 PMCID: PMC8143472 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin is a complex molecule derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it has strong thermal stability. The processing of infant food can kill pathogenic bacteria but cannot remove endotoxin. Because the intestinal structure of infants is not fully developed, residual endotoxin poses a threat to their health by damaging the intestinal flora and inducing intestinal inflammation, obesity, and sepsis, among others. This paper discusses the sources and contents of endotoxin in infant food and methods for preventing endotoxin from harming infants. However, there is no clear evidence that endotoxin levels in infant food cause significant immune symptoms or even diseases in infants. However, in order to improve the safety level of infant food and reduce the endotoxin content, this issue should not be ignored. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for manufacturers and consumers to understand the possible harm of endotoxin content in infant formula milk powder and to explore how to reduce its level in infant formula milk powder. Generally, producers should focus on cleaning the milk source, securing the cold chain, avoiding long-distance transportation, and shortening the storage time of raw milk to reduce the level of bacteria and endotoxin. After production and processing, the endotoxin content should be measured as an important index to test the quality of infant formula milk powder so as to provide high-quality infant products for the healthy growth of newborns.
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23
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a chronic inflammation in colon and small intestine has two subtypes: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Genome studies have shown that UC and CD are related to microRNAs (miRNAs) expression in addition to environmental factors. This article reviews important researches that have recently been done on miRNAs roles in CD and UC disease. First, miRNA is introduced and its biogenesis and function are discussed. Afterward, roles of miRNAs in inflammatory processes involved in IBD are showed. Finally, this review proposes some circulating and tissue-specific miRNAs, which are useful for CD and UC fast diagnosis and grade prediction. As a conclusion, miRNAs are efficient diagnostic molecules especially in IBD subtypes discrimination and can be used by microarray and real time PCR methods for disease detection and classification.
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24
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Mollaei M, Abbasi A, Hassan ZM, Pakravan N. The intrinsic and extrinsic elements regulating inflammation. Life Sci 2020; 260:118258. [PMID: 32818542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a sophisticated biological tissue response to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Although the pathological aspects of inflammation are well appreciated, there are still rooms for understanding the physiological functions of the inflammation. Recent studies have focused on mechanisms, context and the role of physiological inflammation. Besides, there have been progress in the comprehension of commensal microbiota, immunometabolism, cancer and intracellular signaling events' roles that impact on the regulation of inflammation. Despite the fact that inflammatory responses are vital through tissue damage, understanding the mechanisms to turn off the finished or unnecessary inflammation is crucial for restoring homeostasis. Inflammation seems to be a smart process that acts like two edges of a sword, meaning that it has both protective and deleterious consequences. Knowing both edges and the regulation processes will help the future understanding and therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | - A Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - N Pakravan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Iran
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25
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Makaro A, Fichna J, Włodarczyk M. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Current Overview with Emphasis on the Role of the Associated Genes Products. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1456-1462. [PMID: 32718287 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200727105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CA-CRC) is one of the most severe complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and constitutes the cause of death in 10-15% of patients. The risk ratio for carcinogenesis depends on numerous factors, such as the extent of intestinal inflammatory lesions and the duration of the disease. CA-CRC is a major problem of today's gastroenterology and colorectal surgery due to the fact that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge regarding genetic differences between sporadic CRC and CA-CRC, especially pertaining to the chromosomal instability mechanism (CIN). In order to explain CA-CRC molecular basis, we have analyzed the data from studies regarding the correlations between CA-CRC and the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Further focus on the role of associated proteins has emphasized the role of NF-κB signaling as the main link between inflammation and carcinogenesis during the course of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Makaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland,Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Haller Square 1, 90-624 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Mohebali N, Ekat K, Kreikemeyer B, Breitrück A. Barrier Protection and Recovery Effects of Gut Commensal Bacteria on Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082251. [PMID: 32731411 PMCID: PMC7468801 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as specific commensal bacterial species are underrepresented in the microbiota of IBD patients. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of three commensal bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis) and Bacteroides faecis (B. faecis) in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation, by using differentiated Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells, stimulated with a pro-inflammatory cocktail consisting of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFNγ), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results obtained in this work demonstrated that all three bacterial species are able to recover the impairment of the epithelial barrier function induced by the inflammatory stimulus, as determined by an amelioration of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the paracellular permeability of the cell monolayer. Moreover, inflammatory stimulus increased claudin-2 expression and decreased occludin expression were improved in the cells treated with commensal bacteria. Furthermore, the commensals were able to counteract the increased release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) induced by the inflammatory stimulus. These findings indicated that F. prausnitzii, R. intestinalis and B. faecis improve the epithelial barrier integrity and limit inflammatory responses.
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27
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Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is multifactorial, with genetics, aging, and environmental agents all a part of the PD pathogenesis. Widespread aggregation of the α-synuclein protein in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, and degeneration of substantia nigra dopamine neurons are the pathological hallmarks of PD. Inflammatory responses manifested by glial reactions, T cell infiltration, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, as well as other toxic mediators derived from activated glial cells, are currently recognized as prominent features of PD. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological data suggest that intestinal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of PD, and the increasing number of studies suggests that the condition may start in the gastrointestinal system years before any motor symptoms develop. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing PD compared with non-IBD individuals. Gene association study has found a genetic link between IBD and PD, and an evidence from animal studies suggests that gut inflammation, similar to that observed in IBD, may induce loss of dopaminergic neurons. Based on preclinical models of PD, it is suggested that the enteric microbiome changes early in PD, and gut infections trigger α-synuclein release and aggregation. In this paper, the possible link between IBD and PD is reviewed based on the available literature. Given the potentially critical role of gastrointestinal pathology in PD pathogenesis, there is reason to suspect that IBD or its treatments may impact PD risk. Thus, clinicians should be aware of PD symptoms in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Brudek
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Trindade BC, Chen GY. NOD1 and NOD2 in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:139-161. [PMID: 32677123 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been long recognized that NOD1 and NOD2 are critical players in the host immune response, primarily by their sensing bacterial peptidoglycan-conserved motifs. Significant advances have been made from efforts that characterize their upstream activators, assembly of signaling complexes, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Disruption in NOD1 and NOD2 signaling has also been associated with impaired host defense and resistance to the development of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will describe how NOD1 and NOD2 sense microbes and cellular stress to regulate host responses that can affect disease pathogenesis and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Trindade
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace Y Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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29
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de Almeida NM, Fernandes A, Romãozinho JM, Freire P, Donato MM, Cardoso O, Luxo C, Cipriano MA, Marinho C, Calhau C, Figueiredo P. Correlation of
NOD2
genotypes with
Helicobacter pylori
infection in a
South‐European
country. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Miguel de Almeida
- Gastroenterology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | | | - José Manuel Romãozinho
- Gastroenterology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Paulo Freire
- Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria M. Donato
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Olga Cardoso
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cristina Luxo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | | | - Carol Marinho
- Pathology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos Calhau
- Gastroenterology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Gastroenterology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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30
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The deubiquitinase USP25 supports colonic inflammation and bacterial infection and promotes colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:811-825. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Age-of-onset information helps identify 76 genetic variants associated with allergic disease. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008725. [PMID: 32603359 PMCID: PMC7367489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors that contribute to inter-individual differences in the age-of-onset of allergic diseases are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify genetic risk variants associated with the age at which symptoms of allergic disease first develop, considering information from asthma, hay fever and eczema. Self-reported age-of-onset information was available for 117,130 genotyped individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank study. For each individual, we identified the earliest age at which asthma, hay fever and/or eczema was first diagnosed and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of this combined age-of-onset phenotype. We identified 50 variants with a significant independent association (P<3x10-8) with age-of-onset. Forty-five variants had comparable effects on the onset of the three individual diseases and 38 were also associated with allergic disease case-control status in an independent study (n = 222,484). We observed a strong negative genetic correlation between age-of-onset and case-control status of allergic disease (rg = -0.63, P = 4.5x10-61), indicating that cases with early disease onset have a greater burden of allergy risk alleles than those with late disease onset. Subsequently, a multivariate GWAS of age-of-onset and case-control status identified a further 26 associations that were missed by the univariate analyses of age-of-onset or case-control status only. Collectively, of the 76 variants identified, 18 represent novel associations for allergic disease. We identified 81 likely target genes of the 76 associated variants based on information from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and non-synonymous variants, of which we highlight ADAM15, FOSL2, TRIM8, BMPR2, CD200R1, PRKCQ, NOD2, SMAD4, ABCA7 and UBE2L3. Our results support the notion that early and late onset allergic disease have partly distinct genetic architectures, potentially explaining known differences in pathophysiology between individuals. So far, genetic studies of allergic disease have investigated the presence of the disease rather than the age at which the first allergic symptoms develop. We aimed to identify genetic risk variants associated with the age at which symptoms of allergic disease first develop, considering information from asthma, hay fever and eczema by examining 117,130 genotyped individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank study. We identified 50 variants with a significant independent association (P<3x10-8) with age-of-onset. Forty-five variants had comparable effects on the onset of the three individual diseases and 38 were also associated with allergic disease case-control status in an independent study (n = 222,484). We then performed a multivariate GWAS of age-of-onset and case-control status identified a further 26 associations that were missed by the univariate analyses of age-of-onset or case-control status only. 18 of 76 variants identified represent novel associations for allergic disease. We identified 81 likely target genes of the 76 genetic variants, including ADAM15, FOSL2, TRIM8, BMPR2, CD200R1, PRKCQ, NOD2, SMAD4, ABCA7 and UBE2L3. Our results support the notion that early and late onset allergic disease have partly distinct genetic architectures, potentially explaining known differences in pathophysiology between individuals.
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32
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Al Nabhani Z, Berrebi D, Martinez-Vinson C, Montcuquet N, Madre C, Roy M, Ogier-Denis E, Dussaillant M, Cerf-Bensussan N, Zouali H, Daniel F, Barreau F, Hugot JP. Nod2 Protects the Gut From Experimental Colitis Spreading to Small Intestine. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:669-679. [PMID: 31784737 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 [NOD2] mutations are key risk factors for Crohn's disease [CD]. NOD2 contributes to intestinal homeostasis by regulating innate and adaptive immunity together with intestinal epithelial function. However, the exact roles of NOD2 in CD and other NOD2-associated disorders remain poorly known. METHODS We initially observed that NOD2 expression was increased in epithelial cells away from inflamed areas in CD patients. To explore this finding, Nod2 mRNA expression, inflammation, and cytokines expression were examined in the small bowel of wild-type [WT], Nod2 knockout and Nod2 mutant mice after rectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]. RESULTS In WT mice, Nod2 upregulation upstream to rectal injury was associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression but no overt histological inflammatory lesions. Conversely, in Nod2-deficient mice the inflammation spread from colitis to ileum and duodenum. CONCLUSIONS Nod2 protects the gut from colitis spreading to small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Al Nabhani
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Hopital Robert Debré, Asssitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Montcuquet
- Laboratoire d'immunité intestinale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - Chrystele Madre
- Hopital Robert Debré, Asssitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Roy
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Monique Dussaillant
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Laboratoire d'immunité intestinale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Daniel
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédérick Barreau
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM et Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Hopital Robert Debré, Asssitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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33
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Postovalova EA, Makarova OV, Kosyreva AM, Dzhalilova DS. Hypoxia is a key mechanism for regulating inflammation in ulcerative colitis. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC), is the group of difficult to diagnose widespread among the population diseases. Pathogenesis of the disease is associated with a complex interaction of the genetic factors, the environment, the microbiome and the unpredicted reaction of the immune system, and the existing treatment methods are not effective enough. It is known, that hypoxia plays a key role in both system and local inflammatory reactions, mainly due to microcirculatory disorders and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Therefore a lot of studies have demonstrated that severity of any inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD) and UC depends on hypoxia resistance. In this review we discussed microcirculation of blood and physiological hypoxia in the intestine, the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in the development of IBD and UC, as well as their influence on the severity of the inflammatory process. Authors described the protective effect of various PHD inhibitors and its benefits and disadvantages, so as new approaches of searching of very specific low molecular weight substanses as drugs for the control of IBD and UC.
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Umiker B, Lee HH, Cope J, Ajami NJ, Laine JP, Fregeau C, Ferguson H, Alves SE, Sciammetta N, Kleinschek M, Salmon M. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in Nod2 knockout mice. Innate Immun 2020; 25:132-143. [PMID: 30774010 PMCID: PMC6830860 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919826367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract
characterized by inflammation and intestinal epithelial injury. Loss of function
mutations in the intracellular bacterial sensor NOD2 are major risk factors for
the development of CD. In the absence of robust bacterial recognition by NOD2 an
inflammatory cascade is initiated through alternative PRRs leading to CD. In the
present study, MCC950, a specific small molecule inhibitor of NLR pyrin
domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), abrogated dextran sodium sulfate
(DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in Nod2−/−
mice. NLRP3 inflammasome formation was observed at a higher rate in
NOD2-deficient small intestinal lamina propria cells after insult by DSS. NLRP3
complex formation led to an increase in IL-1β secretion in both the small
intestine and colon of Nod2ko mice. This increase in IL-1β
secretion in the intestine was attenuated by MCC950 leading to decreased disease
severity in Nod2ko mice. Our work suggests that NLRP3
inflammasome activation may be a key driver of intestinal inflammation in the
absence of functional NOD2. NLRP3 pathway inhibition can prevent intestinal
inflammation in the absence of robust NOD2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadim J Ajami
- 2 Diversigen, Inc. Houston, TX, USA.,3 Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhao W, Wang P, He W, Tao T, Li H, Li Y, Jiang W, Sun J, Ge X, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wei L, Chen C, Wang Y, Li C, Chen H, Yao B, Tang W, Zhu M. MYPT1 Down-regulation by Lipopolysaccharide-SIAH1/2 E3 Ligase-Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Degradation Contributes to Colonic Obstruction of Hirschsprung Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:345-347.e6. [PMID: 31759145 PMCID: PMC6997446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Key Words
- anova, analysis of variance
- cir, circular
- d, dilated
- haec, hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis
- hd, hirschsprung disease
- long, longitudinal
- lps, lipopolysaccharide
- n, narrow
- rlc, regulatory light chain
- snp, sodium nitroprusside
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Affiliated Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - W He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - T Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - B Yao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital Affiliated Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - W Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - M Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and the Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhao J, Shen S, Dai Y, Chen F, Wang K. Methamphetamine Induces Intestinal Inflammatory Injury via Nod-Like Receptor 3 Protein (NLRP3) Inflammasome Overexpression In Vitro and In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8515-8526. [PMID: 31712546 PMCID: PMC6865229 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine (METH), a confirmed neurotoxic drug, has also reportedly caused several intestinal inflammatory injury cases. The NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor 3 protein) inflammasome can induce several inflammatory injuries by activating IL-1β and IL-18 when overexpressed. We designed experiments to determine whether METH can cause intestinal inflammatory injury via NLRP3 inflammasome overexpression. Material/Methods IEC-6 cells were classified as control, METH (0.5 mM), and METH (0.5 mM)+MCC950 (100 μM) groups. C57BL/6 mice were separated into control, NS, METH (5 mg/kg), and METH (5 mg/kg)+MCC950 (10 mg/kg) groups (n=10). We detected apoptosis, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and proinflammatory factors (IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α, and NF-κB) in the METH cell model. We also assessed proinflammatory factors (IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α, and NF-κB) and observed intestinal tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) in the METH animal model to explore intestinal inflammatory injury due to METH. After adding MCC950 (an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor), we additionally detected NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, Caspase-1, and ASC), IL-1β, and IL-18 to estimate the relationship of the NLRP3 inflammasome with intestinal inflammatory injury due to METH. Results METH can lead apoptosis, increase proinflammatory factors (e.g., IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α, and NF-κB), and decrease TEER in the METH cell model. In the METH animal model, METH can cause obvious injury and increase proinflammatory factors (e.g., IL-6, INF-γ, TNF-α, and NF-κB). All the intestinal inflammatory changes due to METH depended on overexpression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and could be ameliorated by MCC950, except for ASC and NF-κB. Conclusions METH, in addition to being a confirmed neurotoxic drug, can also cause severe intestinal inflammatory injury via NLRP3 inflammasome overexpression. NF-κB may be an activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome in METH intestinal inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Simin Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yicong Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Fengrong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Kunhua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Seifert LL, Si C, Saha D, Sadic M, de Vries M, Ballentine S, Briley A, Wang G, Valero-Jimenez AM, Mohamed A, Schaefer U, Moulton HM, García-Sastre A, Tripathi S, Rosenberg BR, Dittmann M. The ETS transcription factor ELF1 regulates a broadly antiviral program distinct from the type I interferon response. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007634. [PMID: 31682641 PMCID: PMC6932815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of vast transcriptional programs is a central event of innate host responses to viral infections. Here we report a transcriptional program with potent antiviral activity, driven by E74-like ETS transcription factor 1 (ELF1). Using microscopy to quantify viral infection over time, we found that ELF1 inhibits eight diverse RNA and DNA viruses after multi-cycle replication. Elf1 deficiency results in enhanced susceptibility to influenza A virus infections in mice. ELF1 does not feed-forward to induce interferons, and ELF1’s antiviral effect is not abolished by the absence of STAT1 or by inhibition of JAK phosphorylation. Accordingly, comparative expression analyses by RNA-seq revealed that the ELF1 transcriptional program is distinct from interferon signatures. Thus, ELF1 provides an additional layer of the innate host response, independent from the action of type I interferons. After decades of research on the innate immune system, we still struggle to understand exactly how this first line of defense protects cells against viral infections. Our gap in knowledge stems, on one hand, from the sheer number of effector genes, few of which have been characterized in mechanistic detail. On the other hand, our understanding of innate gene transcription is constantly evolving. We know that different regulatory mechanisms greatly influence the quality, magnitude, and timing of gene expression, all of which may contribute to the antiviral power of the innate response. Deciphering these regulatory mechanisms is indispensable for harnessing the power of innate immunity in novel antiviral therapies. Here, we report a novel transcriptional program as part of the cell-intrinsic immune system, raised by E74-like ETS transcription factor 1 (ELF1). ELF1 potently restricts multi-cycle propagation of all viruses tested in our study. Reduced levels of ELF1 significantly diminish host defenses against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a critical but previously overlooked role of this ETS transcription factor. The ELF1 program is complex and comprises over 300 potentially antiviral genes, which are almost entirely distinct from those known to be induced by interferon. Taken together, our data provide evidence for a program of antiviral protection that expands the previously known arsenal of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Louis Seifert
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clara Si
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Debjani Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Sadic
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ballentine
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aaron Briley
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Valero-Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adil Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uwe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong M. Moulton
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Microbiology and Cell Biology Department, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Brad R. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Veenbergen S, Li P, Raatgeep HC, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, Farrel A, Costes LMM, Joosse ME, van Berkel LA, de Ruiter LF, van Leeuwen MA, Winter D, Holland SM, Freeman AF, Wakabayashi Y, Zhu J, de Ridder L, Driessen GJ, Escher JC, Leonard WJ, Samsom JN. IL-10 signaling in dendritic cells controls IL-1β-mediated IFNγ secretion by human CD4 + T cells: relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1201-1211. [PMID: 31417161 PMCID: PMC6752724 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled interferon γ (IFNγ)-mediated T-cell responses to commensal microbiota are a driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is crucial for controlling these T-cell responses, but the precise mechanism of inhibition remains unclear. A better understanding of how IL-10 exerts its suppressive function may allow identification of individuals with suboptimal IL-10 function among the heterogeneous population of IBD patients. Using cells from patients with an IL10RA deficiency or STAT3 mutations, we demonstrate that IL-10 signaling in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), but not T cells, is essential for controlling IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells. Deficiency in IL-10 signaling dramatically increased IL-1β release by moDCs. IL-1β boosted IFNγ secretion by CD4+ T cells either directly or indirectly by stimulating moDCs to secrete IL-12. As predicted a signature of IL-10 dysfunction was observed in a subgroup of pediatric IBD patients having higher IL-1β expression in activated immune cells and macroscopically affected intestinal tissue. In agreement, reduced IL10RA expression was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a subgroup of pediatric IBD patients exhibited diminished IL-10 responsiveness. Our data unveil an important mechanism by which IL-10 controls IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells in humans and identifies IL-1β as a potential classifier for a subgroup of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Dr. Janneke N. Samsom, PhD; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Tel: +31-(0)10-7043444; Fax: +31-(0)10-7044761; Sharon Veenbergen:
| | - P Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - HC Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - DJ Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Farrel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - LMM Costes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - ME Joosse
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - LA van Berkel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - LF de Ruiter
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - MA van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Winter
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children’s Hospital-Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - SM Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - AF Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Y Wakabayashi
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - J Zhu
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - L de Ridder
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children’s Hospital-Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - GJ Driessen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Haga Teaching Hospital, Juliana Children’s Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - JC Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children’s Hospital-Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - WJ Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - JN Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: , Dr. Janneke N. Samsom, PhD; Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Laboratory of Pediatrics, division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Room Ee1567A, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Tel: +31-(0)10-7043444; Fax: +31-(0)10-7044761; Sharon Veenbergen:
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Lee C, Hong SN, Paik NY, Kim TJ, Kim ER, Chang DK, Kim YH. CD1d Modulates Colonic Inflammation in NOD2-/- Mice by Altering the Intestinal Microbial Composition Comprising Acetatifactor muris. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1081-1091. [PMID: 31094420 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS NOD2 and CD1d play a key role in innate immunity by recognizing conserved molecular patterns of pathogens. While NOD2-/- and CD1d-/- mice display structural and functional alterations in Paneth cells, animal studies have reported no impact of NOD2 or CD1d deficiency on experimental colitis. NOD2 mutations increase the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases and the CD1d bound to α-galactosylceramide [α-GalCer] alleviates intestinal inflammation. We evaluated the effect of CD1d modulation on experimental colitis in NOD2-/- mice. METHODS The effect of CD1d augmentation and depletion in NOD2-/- mice was assessed in a dextran sodium sulphate [DSS]-induced colitis model via administration of α-GalCer and construction of NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice. The structural and functional changes in Paneth cells were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and pilocarpine administration. Colitogenic taxa were analysed in the faeces of NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS In NOD2-/- mice, α-GalCer alleviated and CD1d depletion [NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice] aggravated colitis activity and histology compared with co-housed littermates NOD2-/-, CD1d-/- and wild-type mice after administration of 3% DSS. In NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice, the ultrastructure and degranulation ability of secretary granules in Paneth cells were altered and the intestinal microbial composition differed from that of their littermates. Faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] with NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice faeces into wild-type mice aggravated DSS-induced colitis, while FMT with wild-type mice faeces into NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice alleviated DSS-induced colitis. Acetatifactor muris was identified only in NOD2-/-CD1d-/- mice faeces and the oral gavage of A. muris in wild-type mice aggravated DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSION CD1d modulates colonic inflammation in NOD2-/- mice by altering the intestinal microbial composition comprising A. muris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansu Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Young Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Is Parkinson's disease a chronic low-grade inflammatory bowel disease? J Neurol 2019; 267:2207-2213. [PMID: 30989372 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is not fully understood, there is increasing evidence that inflammatory responses in the brain are implicated in both disease initiation and progression. The inflammatory process in Parkinson's disease is, however, not limited to the brain but also involves the gastrointestinal tract. High amounts of cytokines and inflammatory markers are found in the colon of Parkinson's disease patients and there is now strong epidemiological and genetical evidence linking Parkinson's disease to inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent findings obtained in both experimental inflammatory bowel diseases and Parkinson's disease further support a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and brain neurodegeneration. Altogether, these observations suggest a role for gastrointestinal inflammation in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease.
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Zom GG, Willems MMJHP, Meeuwenoord NJ, Reintjens NRM, Tondini E, Khan S, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codee JDC, Ossendorp F, Filippov DV. Dual Synthetic Peptide Conjugate Vaccine Simultaneously Triggers TLR2 and NOD2 and Activates Human Dendritic Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1150-1161. [PMID: 30865430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous triggering of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) has previously been shown to synergistically activate monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. We applied these properties in a T-cell vaccine setting by conjugating the NOD2-ligand muramyl-dipeptide (MDP) and TLR2-ligand Pam3CSK4 to a synthetic peptide derived from a model antigen. Stimulation of human DCs with the MDP-peptide-Pam3CSK4 conjugate led to a strongly increased secretion of pro-inflammatory and Th1-type cytokines and chemokines. We further show that the conjugated ligands retain their ability to trigger their respective receptors, while even improving NOD2-triggering. Also, activation of murine DCs was enhanced by the dual triggering, ultimately leading to effective induction of vaccine-specific T cells expressing IFNγ, IL-2, and TNFα. Together, these data indicate that the dual MDP-SLP-Pam3CSK4 conjugate constitutes a chemically well-defined vaccine approach that holds promise for the use in the treatment of virus infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs G Zom
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marian M J H P Willems
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Nico J Meeuwenoord
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Niels R M Reintjens
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Elena Tondini
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Selina Khan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codee
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
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43
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Intestinal Organoids as a Novel Complementary Model to Dissect Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8010645. [PMID: 31015842 PMCID: PMC6444246 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8010645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) include colitis ulcerosa and Crohn's disease, besides the rare microscopic colitis. Both diseases show a long-lasting, relapsing-remitting, or even chronic active course with tremendous impact on quality of life. IBDs frequently cause disability, surgical interventions, and high costs; as in other autoimmune diseases, their prevalent occurrence at an early phase of life raises the burden on health care systems. Unfortunately, our understanding of the pathogenesis is still incomplete and treatment therefore largely focuses on suppressing the resulting excessive inflammation. One obstacle for deciphering the causative processes is the scarcity of models that parallel the development of the disease, since intestinal inflammation is mostly induced artificially; moreover, the intestinal epithelium, which strongly contributes to IBD pathogenesis, is difficult to assess. Recently, the development of intestinal epithelial organoids has overcome many of those problems. Here, we give an overview on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDs with reference to the limitations of previous well-established experimental models. We highlight the advantages and detriments of recent organoid-based experimental setups within the IBD field and suggest possible future applications.
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44
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Hooper KM, Barlow PG, Henderson P, Stevens C. Interactions Between Autophagy and the Unfolded Protein Response: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:661-671. [PMID: 30590697 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors resulting in abnormal immune responses to intestinal microbiota. Genetic studies have strongly linked genes involved in autophagy to CD, and genes involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) to IBD. The UPR is triggered in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and autophagy plays a key role in relieving ER stress and restoring homeostasis. This review summarizes the known interactions between autophagy and the UPR and discusses the impact of these converging pathways on IBD pathogenesis. With a paucity of effective long-term treatments for IBD, targeting of synergistic pathways may provide novel and more effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Hooper
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Henderson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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45
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Naz S, Battu S, Khan RA, Afroz S, Giddaluru J, Vishwakarma SK, Satti V, Habeeb MA, Khan AA, Khan N. Activation of integrated stress response pathway regulates IL-1β production through posttranscriptional and translational reprogramming in macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:277-289. [PMID: 30578631 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells sense and programme its cellular machinery appropriately to the environmental changes through the activation of cytoprotective adaptive pathway so-called the "integrated stress response (ISR)". However, the mechanisms implicated in ISR-induced protective responses are poorly understood. Here, we show that ISR activation by arsenite (Ar) results in suppression of IL-1β production in macrophages and inhibition of DSS-induced colitis in a murine model through a novel posttranscriptional and translation regulatory (PTR) mechanism. Ar triggers PTR events through eIF2α-phosphorylation, which results in the attenuation of active polysome formation leading to the accumulation of translationally stalled IL-1β mRNAs. Translationally stalled IL-1β mRNAs recruit RNA-binding proteins (TIA-1/TIAR), resulting in the formation of RBP-RNA complexes known as stress granules (SGs). The SGs bound IL-1β mRNAs might undergo degradation through induction of autophagy. Also, we show that Ar posttranslationally impairs processing and secretion of IL-1β by diminishing inflammasome activation. Altogether, this study unveils a novel mechanism of IL-1β regulation and further suggests that pharmacological activation of cytoprotective ISR pathway might provide an effective therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Naz
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srikanth Battu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumbul Afroz
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jeevan Giddaluru
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Md Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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46
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Mechanisms of Inflammasome Signaling, microRNA Induction and Resolution of Inflammation by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:267-302. [PMID: 31123893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome-controlled transcription and subsequent cleavage-mediated activation of mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines exemplify a crucial innate immune mechanism to combat intruding pathogens. Helicobacter pylori represents a predominant persistent infection in humans, affecting approximately half of the population worldwide, and is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a central role in gastric tumorigenesis. Infection by H. pylori was recently reported to stimulate the inflammasome both in cells of the mouse and human immune systems. Using mouse models and in vitro cultured cell systems, the bacterial pathogenicity factors and molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation have been analyzed. On the one hand, it appears that H. pylori-stimulated IL-1β production is triggered by engagement of the immune receptors TLR2 and NLRP3, and caspase-1. On the other hand, microRNA hsa-miR-223-3p is induced by the bacteria, which controls the expression of NLRP3. This regulating effect by H. pylori on microRNA expression was also described for more than 60 additionally identified microRNAs, indicating a prominent role for inflammatory and other responses. Besides TLR2, TLR9 becomes activated by H. pylori DNA and further TLR10 stimulated by the bacteria induce the secretion of IL-8 and TNF, respectively. Interestingly, TLR-dependent pathways can accelerate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during H. pylori infection. Balancing from a pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation phenotype results in a reduction in immune attack, allowing H. pylori to persistently colonize and to survive in the gastric niche. In this chapter, we will pinpoint the role of H. pylori in TLR- and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent signaling together with the differential functions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the impact of microRNAs on H. pylori-host interaction will be discussed, and its role in resolution of infection versus chronic infection, as well as in gastric disease development.
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47
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Ahechu P, Zozaya G, Martí P, Hernández-Lizoáin JL, Baixauli J, Unamuno X, Frühbeck G, Catalán V. NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Possible Link Between Obesity-Associated Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2918. [PMID: 30619282 PMCID: PMC6297839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals that adipose tissue-associated inflammation is a main mechanism whereby obesity promotes colorectal cancer risk and progression. Increased inflammasome activity in adipose tissue has been proposed as an important mediator of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance development. Chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironments has a great impact on tumor development and immunity, representing a key factor in the response to therapy. In this context, the inflammasomes, main components of the innate immune system, play an important role in cancer development showing tumor promoting or tumor suppressive actions depending on the type of tumor, the specific inflammasome involved, and the downstream effector molecules. The inflammasomes are large multiprotein complexes with the capacity to regulate the activation of caspase-1. In turn, caspase-1 enhances the proteolytic cleavage and the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to infiltration of more immune cells and resulting in the generation and maintenance of an inflammatory microenvironment surrounding cancer cells. The inflammasomes also regulate pyroptosis, a rapid and inflammation-associated form of cell death. Recent studies indicate that the inflammasomes can be activated by fatty acids and high glucose levels linking metabolic danger signals to the activation of inflammation and cancer development. These data suggest that activation of the inflammasomes may represent a crucial step in the obesity-associated cancer development. This review will also focus on the potential of inflammasome-activated pathways to develop new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity-associated colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ahechu
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Zozaya
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Martí
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Ankawa R, Soteriou D, Jacob A, Nevelsky A, Ben-Yosef R, Bar-Sela G, Fuchs Y. ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4582. [PMID: 30389919 PMCID: PMC6214937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in fueling homeostasis and regeneration. While much focus has been given to self-renewal and differentiation pathways regulating SC fate, little is known regarding the specific mechanisms utilized for their elimination. Here, we report that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS (a Septin4 isoform) is highly expressed in cells comprising the intestinal SC niche and that its deletion protects Lgr5+ and Paneth cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death. As a result, the Sept4/ARTS−/− crypt displays augmented proliferation and, in culture, generates massive cystic-like organoids due to enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, Sept4/ARTS−/− mice exhibit resistance against intestinal damage in a manner dependent upon Lgr5+ SCs. Finally, we show that ARTS interacts with XIAP in intestinal crypt cells and that deletion of XIAP can abrogate Sept4/ARTS−/−-dependent phenotypes. Our results indicate that intestinal SCs utilize specific apoptotic proteins for their elimination, representing a unique target for regenerative medicine. The mechanisms regulating intestinal stem cell elimination remain unclear. Here, the authors identify that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS (a Septin4 isoform) interacts with XIAP in the intestinal stem cell niche to regulate stem cell survival during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexander Nevelsky
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Rahamim Ben-Yosef
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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49
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NOD2 Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Protects Toward the Development of Inflammation and Associated Carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:357-369. [PMID: 30704984 PMCID: PMC6357788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that senses bacterial peptidoglycan-conserved motifs in cytosol and stimulates host immune response including epithelial and immune cells. The association of NOD2 mutations with a number of inflammatory pathologies including Crohn's disease (CD), graft-versus-host diseases, or Blau syndrome, highlights its pivotal role in inflammatory response and the associated-carcinogenesis development. Since its identification in 2001 and its association with CD, the role of NOD2 in epithelial cells and immune cells has been investigated extensively but the precise mechanism by which NOD2 mutations lead to CD and the associated carcinogenesis development is largely unknown. In this review, we present and discuss recent developments about the role of NOD2 inside epithelial cells on the control of the inflammatory process and its linked carcinogenesis development.
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50
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Regulation of Antimicrobial Pathways by Endogenous Heat Shock Proteins in Gastrointestinal Disorders. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential mediators of cellular homeostasis by maintaining protein functionality and stability, and activating appropriate immune cells. HSP activity is influenced by a variety of factors including diet, microbial stimuli, environment and host immunity. The overexpression and down-regulation of HSPs is associated with various disease phenotypes, including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease (CD). While the precise etiology of CD remains unclear, many of the putative triggers also influence HSP activity. The development of different CD phenotypes therefore may be a result of the disease-modifying behavior of the environmentally-regulated HSPs. Understanding the role of bacterial and endogenous HSPs in host homeostasis and disease will help elucidate the complex interplay of factors. Furthermore, discerning the function of HSPs in CD may lead to therapeutic developments that better reflect and respond to the gut environment.
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