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Bock FJ, Sedov E, Koren E, Koessinger AL, Cloix C, Zerbst D, Athineos D, Anand J, Campbell KJ, Blyth K, Fuchs Y, Tait SWG. Author Correction: Apoptotic stress-induced FGF signalling promotes non-cell autonomous resistance to cell death. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1815. [PMID: 38418481 PMCID: PMC10902303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Anna L Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Désirée Zerbst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jayanthi Anand
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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2
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Maniv I, Sarji M, Bdarneh A, Feldman A, Ankawa R, Koren E, Magid-Gold I, Reis N, Soteriou D, Salomon-Zimri S, Lavy T, Kesselman E, Koifman N, Kurz T, Kleifeld O, Michaelson D, van Leeuwen FW, Verheijen BM, Fuchs Y, Glickman MH. Altered ubiquitin signaling induces Alzheimer's disease-like hallmarks in a three-dimensional human neural cell culture model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5922. [PMID: 37739965 PMCID: PMC10516951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by toxic protein accumulation in the brain. Ubiquitination is essential for protein clearance in cells, making altered ubiquitin signaling crucial in AD development. A defective variant, ubiquitin B + 1 (UBB+1), created by a non-hereditary RNA frameshift mutation, is found in all AD patient brains post-mortem. We now detect UBB+1 in human brains during early AD stages. Our study employs a 3D neural culture platform derived from human neural progenitors, demonstrating that UBB+1 alone induces extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates. UBB+1 competes with ubiquitin for binding to the deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL1, leading to elevated levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), secreted Aβ peptides, and Aβ build-up. Crucially, silencing UBB+1 expression impedes the emergence of AD hallmarks in this model system. Our findings highlight the significance of ubiquitin signalling as a variable contributing to AD pathology and present a nonclinical platform for testing potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Maniv
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Mahasen Sarji
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Anwar Bdarneh
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Alona Feldman
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbar Magid-Gold
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Noa Reis
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shiran Salomon-Zimri
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tali Lavy
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ellina Kesselman
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, The Technion Center for Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Naama Koifman
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, The Technion Center for Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Thimo Kurz
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Daniel Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
- Augmanity, Rehovot, 7670308, Israel.
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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3
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Koren E, Feldman A, Yusupova M, Kadosh A, Sedov E, Ankawa R, Yosefzon Y, Nasser W, Gerstberger S, Kimel LB, Priselac N, Brown S, Sharma S, Gorenc T, Shalom-Feuerstein R, Steller H, Shemesh T, Fuchs Y. Thy1 marks a distinct population of slow-cycling stem cells in the mouse epidermis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4628. [PMID: 35941116 PMCID: PMC9360001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of distinct stem cells that maintain the interfollicular epidermis is highly debated. Here, we report a population of keratinocytes, marked by Thy1, in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis. We find that epidermal cells expressing differential levels of Thy1 display distinct transcriptional signatures. Thy1+ keratinocytes do not express T cell markers, express a unique transcriptional profile, cycle significantly slower than basal epidermal progenitors and display significant expansion potential in vitro. Multicolor lineage tracing analyses and mathematical modeling reveal that Thy1+ basal keratinocytes do not compete neutrally alike interfollicular progenitors and contribute long-term to both epidermal replenishment and wound repair. Importantly, ablation of Thy1+ cells strongly impairs these processes, thus indicating the non-redundant function of Thy1+ stem cells in the epidermis. Collectively, these results reveal a distinct stem cell population that plays a critical role in epidermal homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marianna Yusupova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avihay Kadosh
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Liam B Kimel
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Priselac
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samara Brown
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Sam Sharma
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Travis Gorenc
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Tom Shemesh
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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4
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Sedov E, McCarthy J, Koren E, Fuchs Y. Fetomaternal microchimerism in tissue repair and tumor development. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1442-1452. [PMID: 35700729 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In various placental mammals, the bidirectional exchange of cells during pregnancy can lead to the acquisition of genetically unique cells that can persist in both mother and child for decades. Over the years, it has become increasingly clear that this phenomenon, termed fetomaternal microchimerism may play key roles in a number of biological processes. In this perspective, we explore the concept of fetomaternal microchimerism and outline how fetal microchimeric cells are detected and immunologically tolerated within the maternal setting. Moreover, we discuss undertakings in the field that hint at the significant plasticity of fetal microchimeric cells and their potential roles in promoting maternal wound healing. Finally, we explore the multifaceted roles of fetal microchimeric cells in cancer development and progression. A deeper understanding of fetomaternal chimerism in healthy and diseased states will be key toward developing more efficient anti-cancer treatments and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jordan McCarthy
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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5
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Bock FJ, Sedov E, Koren E, Koessinger AL, Cloix C, Zerbst D, Athineos D, Anand J, Campbell KJ, Blyth K, Fuchs Y, Tait SWG. Apoptotic stress-induced FGF signalling promotes non-cell autonomous resistance to cell death. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6572. [PMID: 34772930 PMCID: PMC8590049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged or superfluous cells are typically eliminated by apoptosis. Although apoptosis is a cell-autonomous process, apoptotic cells communicate with their environment in different ways. Here we describe a mechanism whereby cells under apoptotic stress can promote survival of neighbouring cells. We find that upon apoptotic stress, cells release the growth factor FGF2, leading to MEK-ERK-dependent transcriptional upregulation of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins in a non-cell autonomous manner. This transient upregulation of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins protects neighbouring cells from apoptosis. Accordingly, we find in certain cancer types a correlation between FGF-signalling, BCL-2 expression and worse prognosis. In vivo, upregulation of MCL-1 occurs in an FGF-dependent manner during skin repair, which regulates healing dynamics. Importantly, either co-treatment with FGF-receptor inhibitors or removal of apoptotic stress restores apoptotic sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy and delays wound healing. These data reveal a pathway by which cells under apoptotic stress can increase resistance to cell death in surrounding cells. Beyond mediating cytotoxic drug resistance, this process also provides a potential link between tissue damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Anna L Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Désirée Zerbst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jayanthi Anand
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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6
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Ankawa R, Goldberger N, Yosefzon Y, Koren E, Yusupova M, Rosner D, Feldman A, Baror-Sebban S, Buganim Y, Simon DJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Fuchs Y. Apoptotic cells represent a dynamic stem cell niche governing proliferation and tissue regeneration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1900-1916.e5. [PMID: 34197726 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a key role in homeostasis and repair. While many studies have focused on SC self-renewal and differentiation, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism regulating SC elimination and compensation upon loss. Here, we report that Caspase-9 deletion in hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) attenuates the apoptotic cascade, resulting in significant temporal delays. Surprisingly, Casp9-deficient HFSCs accumulate high levels of cleaved caspase-3 and are improperly cleared due to an essential caspase-3/caspase-9 feedforward loop. These SCs are retained in an apoptotic-engaged state, serving as mitogenic signaling centers by continuously releasing Wnt3 and instructing proliferation. Investigating the underlying mechanism, we reveal a caspase-3/Dusp8/p38 module responsible for Wnt3 induction, which operates in both normal and Casp9-deleted HFSCs. Notably, Casp9-deleted mice display accelerated wound repair and de novo hair follicle regeneration. Taken together, we demonstrate that apoptotic cells represent a dynamic SC niche, from which emanating signals drive SC proliferation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitzan Goldberger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marianna Yusupova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Rosner
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Baror-Sebban
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David J Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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7
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Quinn HM, Vogel R, Popp O, Mertins P, Lan L, Messerschmidt C, Landshammer A, Lisek K, Château-Joubert S, Marangoni E, Koren E, Fuchs Y, Birchmeier W. YAP and β-Catenin Cooperate to Drive Oncogenesis in Basal Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2116-2127. [PMID: 33574090 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cancer stem cells (CSC) can serve as an effective approach toward limiting resistance to therapies. While basal-like (triple-negative) breast cancers encompass cells with CSC features, rational therapies remain poorly established. We show here that the receptor tyrosine kinase Met promotes YAP activity in basal-like breast cancer and find enhanced YAP activity within the CSC population. Interfering with YAP activity delayed basal-like cancer formation, prevented luminal to basal transdifferentiation, and reduced CSC. YAP knockout mammary glands revealed a decrease in β-catenin target genes, suggesting that YAP is required for nuclear β-catenin activity. Mechanistically, nuclear YAP interacted with β-catenin and TEAD4 at gene regulatory elements. Proteomic patient data revealed an upregulation of the YAP signature in basal-like breast cancers. Our findings demonstrate that in basal-like breast cancers, β-catenin activity is dependent on YAP signaling and controls the CSC program. These findings suggest that targeting the YAP/TEAD4/β-catenin complex offers a potential therapeutic strategy for eradicating CSCs in basal-like breast cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that YAP cooperates with β-catenin in basal-like breast cancer to regulate CSCs and that targeting this interaction may be a novel CSC therapy for patients with basal-like breast cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2116/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel M Quinn
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Vogel
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linxiang Lan
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Messerschmidt
- Computer Science Department, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany.,Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandro Landshammer
- Dept. of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamil Lisek
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Cell suicide pathways, termed regulated cell death (RCD), play a critical role in organismal development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of key RCD modalities, namely apoptosis, entosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We explore how various RCD modules serve as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer as well as the manner in which they can be exploited to drive oncogenesis. Furthermore, we outline current therapeutic agents that activate RCD and consider novel RCD-based strategies for tumor elimination. SIGNIFICANCE: A variety of antitumor therapeutics eliminate cancer cells by harnessing the devastating potential of cellular suicide pathways, emphasizing the critical importance of RCD in battling cancer. This review supplies a mechanistic perspective of distinct RCD modalities and explores the important role they play in tumorigenesis. We discuss how RCD modules serve as a double-edged sword as well as novel approaches aimed at selectively manipulating RCD for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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9
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Van Tiggelen H, LeBlanc K, Campbell K, Woo K, Baranoski S, Chang Y, Dunk A, Gloeckner M, Hevia H, Holloway S, Idensohn P, Karadağ A, Koren E, Kottner J, Langemo D, Ousey K, Pokorná A, Romanelli M, Santos V, Smet S, Tariq G, Van den Bussche K, Van Hecke A, Verhaeghe S, Vuagnat H, Williams A, Beeckman D. Standardizing the classification of skin tears: validity and reliability testing of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel Classification System in 44 countries. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:146-154. [PMID: 31605618 PMCID: PMC7384145 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin tears are acute wounds that are frequently misdiagnosed and under-reported. A standardized and globally adopted skin tear classification system with supporting evidence for diagnostic validity and reliability is required to allow assessment and reporting in a consistent way. OBJECTIVES To measure the validity and reliability of the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) Classification System internationally. METHODS A multicountry study was set up to validate the content of the ISTAP Classification System through expert consultation in a two-round Delphi procedure involving 17 experts from 11 countries. An online survey including 24 skin tear photographs was conducted in a convenience sample of 1601 healthcare professionals from 44 countries to measure diagnostic accuracy, agreement, inter-rater reliability and intrarater reliability of the instrument. RESULTS A definition for the concept of a 'skin flap' in the area of skin tears was developed and added to the initial ISTAP Classification System consisting of three skin tear types. The overall agreement with the reference standard was 0·79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·79-0·80] and sensitivity ranged from 0·74 (95% CI 0·73-0·75) to 0·88 (95% CI 0·87-0·88). The inter-rater reliability was 0·57 (95% CI 0·57-0·57). The Cohen's Kappa measuring intrarater reliability was 0·74 (95% CI 0·73-0·75). CONCLUSIONS The ISTAP Classification System is supported by evidence for validity and reliability. The ISTAP Classification System should be used for systematic assessment and reporting of skin tears in clinical practice and research globally. What's already known about this topic? Skin tears are common acute wounds that are misdiagnosed and under-reported too often. A skin tear classification system is needed to standardize documentation and description for clinical practice, audit and research. What does this study add? The International Skin Tear Advisory Panel Classification System was psychometrically tested in 1601 healthcare professionals from 44 countries. Diagnostic accuracy was high when differentiating between type 1, 2 and 3 skin tears using a set of validated photographs.
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10
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Feldman A, Mukha D, Maor II, Sedov E, Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Shlomi T, Fuchs Y. Blimp1 + cells generate functional mouse sebaceous gland organoids in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31138796 PMCID: PMC6538623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the skin focus primarily on the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis, whereas little is known regarding the homeostasis of the sebaceous gland (SG). The SG has been proposed to be replenished by different pools of hair follicle stem cells and cells that resides in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, we demonstrate that single Blimp1+ cells isolated from mice have the potential to generate SG organoids in vitro. Mimicking SG homeostasis, the outer layer of these organoids is composed of proliferating cells that migrate inward, undergo terminal differentiation and generating lipid-filled sebocytes. Performing confocal microscopy and mass-spectrometry, we report that these organoids exhibit known markers and a lipidomic profile similar to SGs in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a role for c-Myc in sebocyte proliferation and differentiation, and determine that SG organoids can serve as a platform for studying initial stages of acne vulgaris, making this a useful platform to identify potential therapeutic targets. The sebaceous gland (SG) has been proposed to be replenished by pools of cells, including a population in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, the authors show that Blimp1+ cells can establish an organoid model of the SG, which is regulated by c-Myc and can recapitulate the early stages of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itzhak I Maor
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
Although much is known regarding intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal and differentiation, the specific mechanisms used for their elimination is unclear. We recently discovered that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS, a Septin4 isoform, interacts with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in the ISC niche to regulate stem cell survival during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration. These findings point to an intriguing avenue of translational research, examining how manipulation of stem cell apoptosis through the ARTS/XIAP module can affect stem-cell-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Ankawa R, Soteriou D, Jacob A, Nevelsky A, Ben-Yosef R, Bar-Sela G, Fuchs Y. ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4582. [PMID: 30389919 PMCID: PMC6214937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in fueling homeostasis and regeneration. While much focus has been given to self-renewal and differentiation pathways regulating SC fate, little is known regarding the specific mechanisms utilized for their elimination. Here, we report that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS (a Septin4 isoform) is highly expressed in cells comprising the intestinal SC niche and that its deletion protects Lgr5+ and Paneth cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death. As a result, the Sept4/ARTS−/− crypt displays augmented proliferation and, in culture, generates massive cystic-like organoids due to enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Importantly, Sept4/ARTS−/− mice exhibit resistance against intestinal damage in a manner dependent upon Lgr5+ SCs. Finally, we show that ARTS interacts with XIAP in intestinal crypt cells and that deletion of XIAP can abrogate Sept4/ARTS−/−-dependent phenotypes. Our results indicate that intestinal SCs utilize specific apoptotic proteins for their elimination, representing a unique target for regenerative medicine. The mechanisms regulating intestinal stem cell elimination remain unclear. Here, the authors identify that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS (a Septin4 isoform) interacts with XIAP in the intestinal stem cell niche to regulate stem cell survival during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexander Nevelsky
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Rahamim Ben-Yosef
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Oncology Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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13
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Fuchs Y, Yosefzon Y, Soteriou D, Kostic L, Koren E, Sedov E, Glaser F. SPOT-002 Caspase-3 regulates YAP-dependent organ size and tumour development. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Yosefzon Y, Soteriou D, Feldman A, Kostic L, Koren E, Brown S, Ankawa R, Sedov E, Glaser F, Fuchs Y. Caspase-3 Regulates YAP-Dependent Cell Proliferation and Organ Size. Mol Cell 2018; 70:573-587.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Koren E, Fuchs Y. The bad seed: Cancer stem cells in tumor development and resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 28:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Moallem E, Koren E, Ulmansky R, Pizov G, Barlev M, Barenholz Y, Naparstek Y. A liposomal steroid nano-drug for treating systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2016; 25:1209-16. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316636468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids have been known for years to be the most effective therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Their use, however, is limited by the need for high doses due to their unfavorable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. We have previously developed a novel liposome-based steroidal (methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (MPS)) nano-drug and demonstrated its specific accumulation in inflamed tissues, as well as its superior therapeutic efficacy over that of free glucocorticoids (non-liposomal) in the autoimmune diseases, including the adjuvant arthritis rat model and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. Objectives In the present work we have evaluated the therapeutic effect of the above liposome-based steroidal (MPS) nano-drug in the MRL-lpr/lpr murine model of SLE and compared it with similar doses of the free MPS. Methods MRL-lpr/lpr mice were treated with daily injections of free MPS or weekly injections of 10% dextrose, empty nano-liposomes or the steroidal nano-drug and the course of their disease was followed up to the age of 24 weeks. Results Treatment with the steroidal nano-drug was found to be significantly superior to the free MPS in suppressing anti-dsDNA antibody levels, proliferation of lymphoid tissue and renal damage, and in prolonging survival of animals. Conclusion This significant superiority of our liposome based steroidal nano-drug administered weekly compared with daily injections of free methylprednisolone hemisuccinate in suppressing murine lupus indicates this glucocorticoid nano-drug formulation may be a good candidate for the treatment of human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moallem
- Department of Medicine-Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Koren
- The Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Ulmansky
- Department of Medicine-Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Pizov
- Department of Medicine-Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Barlev
- The Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Barenholz
- The Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Naparstek
- Department of Medicine-Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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18
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Koren E, Knoll AW, Lörtscher E, Duerig U. Direct experimental observation of stacking fault scattering in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite meso-structures. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5837. [PMID: 25510583 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stacking fault defects are thought to be the root cause for many of the anomalous transport phenomena seen in high-quality graphite samples. In stark contrast to their importance, direct observation of stacking faults by diffractive techniques has remained elusive due to fundamental experimental difficulties. Here we show that the stacking fault density and resistance can be measured by analyzing the non-Gaussian scatter observed in the c-axis resistivity of mesoscopic graphite structures. We also show that the deviation from Ohmic conduction seen at high electrical field strength can be fit to a thermally activated transport model, which accurately reproduces the stacking fault density inferred from the statistical analysis. From our measurements, we conclude that the c-axis resistivity is entirely determined by the stacking fault resistance, which is orders of magnitude larger than the inter-layer resistance expected from a Drude model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - A W Knoll
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - E Lörtscher
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - U Duerig
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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19
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Andriyanov A, Koren E, Ahmed M, Barenholtz Y, Goldberg S. Combined radiofrequency (RF) ablation with nanodrug delivered doxorubicin: effect of liposome composition and ablation strategy on drug delivery and survival in an animal model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Koren E, Kupriyanova T. 1641 – Family burden-focused psychosocial therapy with parents and social functioning of children and adolescents with schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ginsburg
- The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute for Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Center, PO Box 12065, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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22
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Koren E, Elias G, Boag A, Hemesath ER, Lauhon LJ, Rosenwaks Y. Direct measurement of individual deep traps in single silicon nanowires. Nano Lett 2011; 11:2499-2502. [PMID: 21591656 DOI: 10.1021/nl201019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the metal nanocatalyst to contaminate vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown semiconductor nanowires has been a long-standing concern, since the most common catalyst material, Au, is known to induce deep gap states in several semiconductors. Here we use Kelvin probe force microscopy to image individual deep acceptor type trapping centers in single undoped Si nanowires grown with an Au catalyst. The switching between occupied and empty trap states is reversibly controlled by the back-gate potential in a nanowire transistor. The trap energy level, i.e., E(C) - E(T) = 0.65 ± 0.1 eV was extracted and the concentration was estimated to be ∼2 × 10(16) cm(-3). The energy and concentration are consistent with traps resulting from the unintentional incorporation of Au atoms during the VLS growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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23
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Koren E, Hyun JK, Givan U, Hemesath ER, Lauhon LJ, Rosenwaks Y. Obtaining uniform dopant distributions in VLS-grown Si nanowires. Nano Lett 2011; 11:183-187. [PMID: 21126102 DOI: 10.1021/nl103363c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting nanowires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid method commonly develop nonuniform doping profiles both along the growth axis and radially due to unintentional surface doping and diffusion of the dopants from the nanowire surface to core during synthesis. We demonstrate two approaches to mitigate nonuniform doping in phosphorus-doped Si nanowires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid process. First, the growth conditions can be modified to suppress active surface doping. Second, thermal annealing following growth can be used to produce more uniform doping profiles. Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning photocurrent microscopy were used to measure the radial and the longitudinal active dopant distribution, respectively. Doping concentration variations were reduced by 2 orders of magnitude in both annealed nanowires and those for which surface doping was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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24
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Koren E. The place for emotions in professional carers' thinking: reflections on two cases. Med Law 2010; 29:537-546. [PMID: 22145549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
How do carers know what is right for their patient? What can they do further to relying on the two pillars of knowledge and ethics? Knowledge foregrounds rational decision-making based on scientific evidence. It allows cost-benefit rationalization and the choice of the best feasible objective. The steady advance of medical science drives responsible carers to keep their knowledge and skills up-to-date. Bioethics grants primary attention to the prevention of causing harm in general, to pursuant of patients' subjective wellbeing and to allow the latter enjoy their autonomy and to guarantee them the sense of justice. There are, however, cases where these values collide and any care decision violates one principle or another. How are carers expected to act then? This article concerns the choices made by carers, as presented and discussed in two cases. These cases deal with a clash between two principles: parenthood vs. fertility, religious rite vs. social affiliation. This class has generated an ethical dilemma. In each case carers try to justify their choices by expert knowledge and other ethical values, but later reflection reveals that the predominant element in 'solving' these dilemmas was "emotions." Professional training submits that: 'Set aside feelings in order to keep your thinking 'straight.' However, reality proves this simply infeasible. The more complex the medical-ethical situation, it is more likely that "emotions" take over. We have no choice as responsible carers but to allow our emotions the status of a factor of influence in their own right. Nowadays, a basic medical training for doctors and nurses offers an integrated body of knowledge and therapeutic skills. In addition, trainees are introduced to bioethics, supposedly sufficient to guide their future steps in their chosen profession. But how does this training in fact shape their future ethical conduct, if at all? How does it affect their ability to maintain ethical responsibility throughout therapeutic interactions? Perhaps there are other factors which govern the individual's conduct and his/her ethical responsibility? Simulation exercises were conducted, designed to induce healthcare professionals to reflect on the ethics of their own decision-making. The results demonstrated that therapeutic skills and familiarity with bioethical principles are not the sole factors governing the individual's ethical conduct. It turns out that emotions and feelings play a key part; this at once raises the question as to whether a medical training for doctors and nurses, in its current format, concerns itself with emotions and with how emotions shape a therapeutic personality. If not, then our training designers have food for thought. How can such training make trainees more aware of the power of their emotions? And, what are the ramifications on daily practice concerning ethical responsibility? Another question concerns the possible proper methods for mastering the theoretical materials and the practical techniques that promote emotional self-development?
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Nursing Division, The Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem.
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Koren E, Lipkin J, Klar A, Hershkovitz E, Ginsburg I, Kohen R. Total oxidant-scavenging capacities of plasma from glycogen storage disease type Ia patients as measured by cyclic voltammetry, FRAP and luminescence techniques. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009; 32:651. [PMID: 19728140 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-1242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the very low incidence of atherosclerosis in glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) subjects might be attributed to elevated levels of uric acid, one of the potent low molecular- weight antioxidants found in plasma. The present communication describes a use of two analytical methods-cyclic voltammetry and ferric reducing ability of plasma-and also two chemiluminescence methods to evaluate the total oxidant-scavenging capacities (TOSC) of plasma from GSD Ia patients. Our results verified the elevation of TOSC in GSD Ia patients and we propose the inclusion of luminescence and cyclic voltammetry assays as reliable methods for estimating TOSC in a variety of clinical disorders. Our findings with the cyclic voltammetry method add support to the assumption that the elevated uric acid levels might be the main contributor to plasma antioxidant capacity and possible protection against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Richard and Jean Zarbin Chair in Medical Studies, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - J Lipkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Bikur Cholim General Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Klar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bikur Cholim General Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Hershkovitz
- Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolic Unit, Soroka Medical University Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - I Ginsburg
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute for Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Kohen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Richard and Jean Zarbin Chair in Medical Studies, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Ginsburg I, Koren E, Horani A, Mahamid M, Doron S, Muhanna N, Amer J, Safadi R. Amelioration of hepatic fibrosis via Padma Hepaten is associated with altered natural killer T lymphocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:155-64. [PMID: 19659781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the end-stage consequence of chronic liver disease, affecting many people worldwide. Unlike the anti-fibrotic effect of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8 and NK T subsets are considered as profibrogenic subsets. Padma Hepaten is a multi-compound herbal preparation derived from Tibetan medicine and has proven efficacy in some clinical trials and tests at the cellular level. In this study, we evaluate the immune efficacy of Padma Hepaten administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) and/or orally in a mice model of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by 6 weeks of biweekly i.p. carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections in male C57Bl6 mice. There were four groups, including naive mice, non-treated fibrotic mice and fibrotic mice treated by Padma Hepaten at weeks 5-6 of fibrosis induction either orally or by i.p. injections. Padma Hepaten was prepared at 10 mg/ml in saline and 250 microl (2.5 mg) were administered four times per week. After week 6, animals were killed. To isolate a Padma Hepaten-associated effect on lymphocytes, splenocytes were harvested from either naive or Padma Hepaten-treated non-fibrotic donors. Isolated splenocytes were therefore reconstituted into two groups of irradiated recipients. Recipients were then administered the same CCl4 regimen. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by sirius red staining of liver sections and by assessment of alpha smooth muscle actin expression compared with beta-actin (both by mRNA as well as the protein liver extract western blotting). Hepatic fibrosis and alanine aminotransferase serum levels were decreased significantly in both Padma Hepaten-treated groups compared with the non-treated fibrotic group. Padma Hepaten treatment was associated with attenuation of lymphocyte subsets in both treated groups. Using a chemiluminescence technique to assess total anti-oxidant capacities (TAC), it was found that both the plasmas and livers of mice treated by CCl4 had significantly higher TAC compared with controls. However, the levels of TAC in animals treated either by CCl4 alone or CCl4 with Padma Hepaten were similar. Adoptive transfer of Padma Hepaten-treated lymphocytes was associated with fibrosis amelioration compared with recipients with naive lymphocytes. CCl4 generates higher levels of anti-oxidant capacities, probably as a response to oxidative stress. Padma Hepaten administration attenuated hepatic fibrogenesis significantly, accompanied by attenuation of lymphocyte but not anti-oxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ginsburg
- Institute of Dental Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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27
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Koren E, Mytych D, Koscec M, Ferbas J, Gupta S, Moxness M, Swanson S. Strategies for the preclinical and clinical characterization of immunogenicity. Dev Biol (Basel) 2005; 122:195-200. [PMID: 16375262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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28
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Koren E. From characterization of antibodies to prediction of immunogenicity. Dev Biol (Basel) 2003; 109:87-95. [PMID: 12434917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Bioanalytical Research and Development, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Abstract
There is a large and increasing number of therapeutic proteins approved for clinical use and many more undergoing preclinical studies and clinical trials in humans. Most of them are human or 'humanized' recombinant molecules. Virtually all therapeutic proteins elicit some level of antibody response, which in some cases, can lead to potentially serious side effects. Therefore, immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins is a concern for clinicians, manufacturers and regulatory agencies. In order to assess immunogenicity of these molecules, appropriate detection, quantitation and characterization of antibody responses are necessary. Immune responses to therapeutic proteins in conventional animal models has not been, except in rare cases, predictive of the response in humans. In recent years there has been a considerable progress in development of computational methods for prediction of epitopes in protein molecules that have the potential to induce an immune response in a recipient. Initial attempts to apply such tools in early development of therapeutic proteins have already been reported. It is expected that computer driven prediction followed by in vitro and/or in vivo testing of any potentially immunogenic epitopes will help in avoiding, or at least minimizing, immune responses to therapeutic proteins.
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30
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Koren E. Lasting armed conflict in Chechnaya and mental health of children. Eur Psychiatry 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone deficient osteoblastic cells in cell culture released a significantly higher amount of alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity following T3 replacement. T3 increased the release of total and membrane-bound ALP activity in these cells significantly more than T4 or inactive thyroid hormone metabolite, DIT. The effect of T3 on the membrane-bound ALP fraction was dose and time dependent; higher concentrations of T3 and longer incubation time with T3 proportionally increased the enzyme activity. T3 had no effect on the release of soluble fraction of ALP. Our results indicate that in "hypothyroid" osteoblastic cells the total release of ALP is decreased and that the secreted fraction of ALP is predominantly in soluble form, whereas the addition of T3 stimulates ALP release and mainly increases the membrane-bound fraction. T3 also increased formation of actin cytoskeleton in hypothyroid osteoblastic cells. Cytochalasin treatment, through its inhibition of actin polymerization, produced a significant decrease of membrane-bound ALP release induced by T3. These data suggest that the regulatory role of T3 in skeletal development can partly be due to its stimulatory effect on the release of membrane-bound ALP by osteoblastic cells which is thought to be an important factor in the initiation of biological calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Banovac
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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32
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Koren E. P01.114 Mental health and modern armed conflict in the chechen republic. Eur Psychiatry 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(00)94520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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33
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Neethling FA, Koscec M, Oriol R, Cooper DK, Koren E. A reliable, rapid and inexpensive two-color fluorescence assay to monitor serum cytotoxicity in xenotransplantation. J Immunol Methods 1999; 222:31-44. [PMID: 10022370 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Removal and/or neutralization of preformed anti-pig antibodies in non-human primate blood have been shown to prevent the hyperacute rejection of transplanted pig organs. The purpose of this study was to establish a suitable in vitro method that would allow for screening and comparison of various agents and methods potentially useful in the prevention of hyperacute rejection. The pig kidney cell line (PK15), pig aortic endothelial cell line (AG08472), and a primary culture of endothelial cells explanted from a pig aorta were incubated with either human or baboon sera. Complement-dependent cytotoxic activity of human and baboon sera was determined on all three types of pig cells using a two-color fluorescence assay and compared with the conventional 51Chromium (51Cr)-release assay. The assay was also performed on PK15 cells as a 2-chambered slide assay and compared with a microcytotoxicity assay performed in Terasaki trays. Using the microcytotoxicity assay, a 1-step assay utilizing endogenous complement was compared with a 2-step assay where rabbit complement was added. Of the three types of cells studied, PK15 cells were the most sensitive to cytotoxic injury, followed by AG cells and the primary endothelial culture. Good correlation between the 51Cr-release and the two-color fluorescence method was documented. There was good agreement between the results obtained using the 2-chambered slide method and the microcytotoxicity assay, as there was between the 1- and the 2-step assays. The 1- and 2-step assays provided information on the level and efficacy of endogenous complement. We conclude that the two-color fluorescence assay is suitable for the rapid and inexpensive screening of therapeutic interventions that might be useful in the prevention of hyperacute xenograft rejection, and that PK15 cells are suitable for use in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Neethling
- Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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34
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Koren W, Koren E, Nacasch N, Ehrenfeld M, Gur H. Rhabdomyolysis associated with clozapine treatment in a patient with decreased calcium-dependent potassium permeability of cell membranes. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998; 21:262-4. [PMID: 9704170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year-old patient developed rhabdomyolysis during his nineteenth week of treatment with clozapine for drug-resistant schizophrenia. No risk factors for rhabdomyolysis were found, but the calcium-dependent potassium efflux, normally responsible for membrane hyperpolarization and muscle refractoriness, was severely decreased in the patient's red blood cells. Clozapine is speculated to cause rhabdomyolysis in patients with defective calcium-activated K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Koren
- Department of Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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35
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Koscec M, Koren E, Wolfson-Reichlin M, Fugate RD, Trieu E, Targoff IN, Reichlin M. Autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins penetrate into live hepatocytes and cause cellular dysfunction in culture. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Abs to ribosomal P protein have been shown to bind a membrane form of the P0 38-kDa ribosomal phosphoprotein. This study shows that after affinity-purified Abs to ribosomal P proteins bind living HepG2 cells, they then penetrate these live cells and cause cellular dysfunction. Binding and penetration of anti-P Abs is the property of F(ab')2 fragments as well as whole IgG molecules showing that neither binding nor penetration depends on Fc fragments or their cognate receptors. Confocal microscopy shows that internalized Ab concentrates in perinuclear vesicles (presumably lysosomes), but substantial quantities of Ab are also found in the cytosol. This intracellular Ab adversely affects the synthesis of apolipoprotein B resulting in a threefold increase in cellular cholesterol with lipid droplet accumulation as seen in some chronic liver diseases. It also has a profound inhibitory effect on global protein synthesis as measured by [35S]methionine incorporation. These studies therefore describe a model of cellular injury effected by specific Ab to ribosomal "P" protein that may underlie certain forms of autoimmune hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koscec
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - E Koren
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - M Wolfson-Reichlin
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - R D Fugate
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - E Trieu
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - I N Targoff
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
| | - M Reichlin
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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36
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Koscec M, Koren E, Wolfson-Reichlin M, Fugate RD, Trieu E, Targoff IN, Reichlin M. Autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins penetrate into live hepatocytes and cause cellular dysfunction in culture. J Immunol 1997; 159:2033-41. [PMID: 9257871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abs to ribosomal P protein have been shown to bind a membrane form of the P0 38-kDa ribosomal phosphoprotein. This study shows that after affinity-purified Abs to ribosomal P proteins bind living HepG2 cells, they then penetrate these live cells and cause cellular dysfunction. Binding and penetration of anti-P Abs is the property of F(ab')2 fragments as well as whole IgG molecules showing that neither binding nor penetration depends on Fc fragments or their cognate receptors. Confocal microscopy shows that internalized Ab concentrates in perinuclear vesicles (presumably lysosomes), but substantial quantities of Ab are also found in the cytosol. This intracellular Ab adversely affects the synthesis of apolipoprotein B resulting in a threefold increase in cellular cholesterol with lipid droplet accumulation as seen in some chronic liver diseases. It also has a profound inhibitory effect on global protein synthesis as measured by [35S]methionine incorporation. These studies therefore describe a model of cellular injury effected by specific Ab to ribosomal "P" protein that may underlie certain forms of autoimmune hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koscec
- Arthritis/Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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37
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Koren W, Koren E, Sidi Y. [Does the effort syndrome have a right to be?]. Harefuah 1997; 132:293-5. [PMID: 9153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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38
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Koren E, Milotic F, Neethling FA, Cooper DKC. Neutralization of the Cytotoxic Effect of Anti-αGal Antibodies with Monoclonal Anti-idiotypic Antibodies. Xenotransplantation 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-60572-7_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Korchagina EY, Bovin N, Ye Y, Kobayashi T, Niekrasz M, Li S, Koren E, Oriol R, Cooper DK. In vivo immunoadsorption of antipig antibodies in baboons using a specific Gal(alpha)1-3Gal column. Transplantation 1996; 62:1379-84. [PMID: 8958260 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199611270-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The major role of anti-alphaGal antibodies in the hyperacute rejection of pig organs by humans and baboons has been clearly demonstrated. Spacered alpha-galactose disaccharide (Gal(alpha1)-3Gal) hapten was produced by chemical synthesis and covalently attached to a flexible, hydrophilic polymer (PAA), which in turn was covalently coupled to macroporous glass beads, forming an immunoadsorbent that is mechanically and chemically stable and can be sterilized. The extracorporeal immunoadsorption (EIA) of anti-alphaGal antibodies using this column has been investigated in vivo in 3 baboons. In Baboon 1 (which had hyperacutely rejected a pig heart transplant 4 months previously, was not splenectomized, and did not receive any pharmacologic immunosuppression) the levels of anti-alphaGal antibody and antipig IgM and IgG, as well as serum cytotoxicity, fell significantly after each of 3 EIAs but were not eliminated. Serum cytotoxicity, antipig immunoglobulin and anti-alphaGal antibody rose steeply within 24 hr of the final EIA, suggesting that the return of cytotoxicity was associated with anti-alphaGa1 antibody. In Baboons 2 and 3 (which were immunologically naive and splenectomized, and received triple drug immunosuppressive therapy) serum cytotoxicity was totally eliminated and anti-alphaGal antibody and antipig IgM and IgG levels were greatly reduced by courses of EIA. In Baboon 2, cytotoxicity and all antibody levels remained negligible for approximately one week after the final (fourth) daily EIA. In Baboon 3, cytotoxicity and antibody levels were maintained low by intermittent EIA (over a period of 13 days) for almost 3 weeks, although antipig IgM began to rebound 4 days after the final EIA. We conclude that, in an immunosuppressed, splenectomized baboon, repeated EIA using a specific alphaGal disaccharide column will reduce antipig and anti-alphaGal antibody levels and serum cytotoxicity significantly for several days. This reduction in cytotoxicity will almost certainly be sufficient to delay the hyperacute rejection of a transplanted pig organ, but further studies are required to investigate whether it will be sufficient to allow accommodation to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taniguchi
- Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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40
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Li SF, Neethling FA, Taniguchi S, Yeh JC, Kobayashi T, Ye Y, Koren E, Cummings RD, Cooper DK. Glycans derived from porcine stomach mucin are effective inhibitors of natural anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies in vitro and after intravenous infusion in baboons. Transplantation 1996; 62:1324-31. [PMID: 8932280 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199611150-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The current shortage of donor organs has stimulated investigation of pig-to-human xenotransplantation as a practical alternative to allotransplantation. However, a major obstacle to this xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection, which is believed to be initiated by the interaction of natural anti-alpha-galactosyl (alphaGal) antibodies with alphaGal epitopes on pig vascular endothelium. Previously, we reported that neutral oligosaccharides derived from porcine stomach mucin (PSM) are effective inhibitors of human anti-alphaGal IgG in vitro. We now report that O-glycans derived from PSM by beta-elimination (PSMO) reduce the cytotoxicity of both baboon and human sera to pig kidney (PK15) cells in vitro. Crude PSM had some inhibitory effect in vitro, but PSMO were more than 100 times more potent. Moreover, 1 microg/ml of beta-eliminated PSMO that bound to an immunoaffinity column of anti-alphaGal antibodies were four times more efficient than total PSMO in protecting PK15 cells from the cytotoxic effect of baboon or human sera. Blood recovered from baboons after intravenous infusion of PMSO also showed significant protection of PK15 cells. We conclude that PSMO eluted from an anti-alphaGal immunoaffinity column demonstrate potent inhibitory effects against baboon and human serum cytotoxicity to PK15 cells in vitro and when administered intravenously. PSM may provide a cheap and readily available source of glycans that will be of therapeutic value in the prevention of hyperacute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Li
- Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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41
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Koren E, Milotic F, Neethling FA, Koscec M, Fei D, Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Cooper DK. Monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies neutralize cytotoxic effects of anti-alphaGal antibodies. Transplantation 1996; 62:837-43. [PMID: 8824486 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199609270-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to produce and characterize mouse monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies (AIAs) that specifically bind human antipig (anti-alphaGal) antibodies and to select those AIAs that neutralize the cytotoxicity of human or baboon serum to pig (PK15) cells. Mice were immunized with human anti-pig antibodies, and hybridomas were produced using conventional techniques. From a total of 480 clones, 11 produced AIAs that bound with high affinity to human anti-alpha Gal IgG and F(ab')2 fragments, and individually reduced serum cytotoxicity to pig cells by 40 - 90%. Seven of the AIAs also bound to human peripheral B lymphocytes (that express the same idiotypes as the antibodies produce). Several combinations of two or three AIAs provided 100% protection of PK15 cells. Selected AIAs injected intravenously into baboons reduced the cytotoxicity of subsequently drawn sera by 50--80% for >48 hr. The cytotoxicity studies also indicated that there are at least two dominant idiotypes expressed in the human anti-alphaGal population. We conclude that AIAs against anti-alphaGal antibodies could be successfully used in 1) preoperative characterization of a recipient's anti-alphaGal profile, (2) prevention of hyperacute rejection of a pig organ, and (3) specific immunosuppression through elimination of anti-alphaGal-producing B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
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42
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Kobayashi T, Neethling F, Taniguchi S, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Koren E, Hancock W, Takagi H, Cooper D. Investigation of the anti-complement agents, FUT-175 and K76COOH, in discordant xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.1996.tb00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Taniguchi S, Neefhling F, Oriol R, Kobayashis T, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Peters L, Kosanke S, Koren E, Cooper D. Ratites (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for humans: Immunologic, anatomic, and physiologic considerations. Xenotransplantation 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.1996.tb00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Koren E, Corder C, Mueller G, Centurion H, Hallum G, Fesmire J, McConathy WD, Alaupovic P. Triglyceride enriched lipoprotein particles correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1996; 122:105-15. [PMID: 8724117 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(95)05791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A group of 100 male normotensive, non-obese, non-diabetic subjects who had undergone coronary angiography were studied to determine relationship between the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and plasma lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein particles defined by their apolipoprotein composition. CAD was found in 84 and no measurable lesions were found in 26 subjects. The severity of CAD was determined on the basis of size and number of lesions and expressed in terms of a global CAD score. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol showed a tendency to be higher in CAD patients than in CAD-free subjects (216 vs. 205 mg/dl, P = 0.07). HDL-cholesterol showed a tendency towards lower values in CAD patients compared to CAD-free subjects 35 vs. 41 mg/dl, P = 0.07). In univariate analysis the severity of CAD correlated with (i) complex, apolipoprotein (apo) B containing particles (Lp-B-complex, r = 0.31, P = 0.005), (ii) HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.30, P = 0.005), (iii) apoC-III in heparin precipitate (r = 0.30, P = 0.005) and (iv) plasma triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = 0.02), all of which are related to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. A comparison between the two subspecies of complex lipoprotein particles revealed that those containing apolipoproteins B, C-III and E (Lp-B:C:E complex) were more closely associated with CAD score (r = 0.27, P = 0.01) than those containing apolipoproteins A-II, B, C, D and E (Lp-A-II:B-complex). LDL-cholesterol also correlated with the global CAD score (r = 0.23, P = 0.03). In multiple regression analysis only HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.003), apoC-III-ratio (P = 0.007), Lp-B-complex (P = 0.02) and Lp-B:C:E-complex (P = 0.04) showed significant correlation with CAD score. The results of this study demonstrate that some of the triglyceride rich lipoprotein particles represent a risk factor for CAD and support the clinical usefulness of specific assays capable of distinguishing lipoprotein particles on the basis of apolipoprotein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Lipoprotein and Atherosclerosis Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA
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45
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Kobayashi T, Neethling FA, Koren E, Taniguchi S, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Takagi H, Hancock WW, Cooper DK. In vitro and in vivo investigation of anticomplement agents FUT-175 and K76COOH, in the prevention of hyperacute rejection following discordant xenotransplantation in a nonhuman primate model. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:604. [PMID: 8623297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kobayashi
- Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Oklahoma City 73112, USA
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46
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Taniguchi S, Neethling FA, Kobayashi T, Ye Y, Niekrasz M, Peters L, Koren E, Oriol R, Cooper DK. Ratites (ostrich, emu) as potential heart donors for humans: immunologic considerations. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:561. [PMID: 8623271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Taniguchi
- Oklahoma Transplantation Institute, Oklahoma City 73112, USA
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47
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Cooper DK, Koren E, Oriol R. Experimental discordant xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:534. [PMID: 8623250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D K Cooper
- Oklahoma Transportation Institute, Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, 73112, USA
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48
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Koren E, Milotic F, Neethling FA, Kosec M, Kujundzic N, Kobayashi T, Taniguchi S, Reichlin M, Cooper DK. Murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against human anti-alpha Gal antibodies prevent rejection of pig cells in culture: implications for pig-to-human organ xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:559. [PMID: 8623269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City 73112, USA
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49
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Cooper D, Koren E, Oriol B. Manipulation of the anti-αGal antibody-αGal epitope system in experimental discordant xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.1996.tb00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rothwell TC, Kamanna VS, Jin FY, Koren E, Foley T, Kashyap ML. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (HB-22) and development of an ELISA for human apolipoprotein A-I. Clin Chem 1995; 41:1150-8. [PMID: 7628090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the production and characterization of a high-affinity monoclonal antibody, HB-22, for apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, a major protein of human high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Including Tween 20 in the reaction mixture increased the binding capacity of HB-22 to apo A-I. HB-22 showed monospecific reactivity with HDL or apo A-I, displaying no cross-reactivity with apo A-II, intermediate-, low-, or very-low-density lipoproteins. Immunoaffinity columns with HB-22 (in the absence of Tween 20) showed an immunosorbent capacity of 80 micrograms of apo A-I per milligram of antibody. The immunosorbent capacity of HB-22 for apo A-I was similar in plasma samples from normolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic, or hypertriglyceridemic patients. Comparative binding studies demonstrated that compared with other available monoclonal apo A-I antibodies, HB-22 had the greatest apparent affinity for binding to HDL. A competitive ELISA developed by utilizing HB-22 could detect as little as 20 ng of apo A-I in the reaction mixture. The intra- and interassay CVs of the ELISA were 5.4% and 9.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rothwell
- Hycor Biomedical Inc., Garden Grove, CA 92641, USA
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