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Qiu JJ, Chang XY, Zhang N, Guo LP, Wang S, Gu WY, Yin YM, Shi ZW, Hua KQ. Genetic variation and molecular profiling of congenital malformations of the female genital tract based on whole-genome sequencing. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00839-6. [PMID: 39251565 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital malformations of the female genital tract (CM-FGT) are characterized by abnormal development of the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina, often accompanied by malformations in the urinary system, bones and hearing. However, no definitive pathogenic genes and molecular genetic causes have been identified. METHODS We present the largest whole-genome sequencing study of CM-FGT to date, analyzing 590 individuals in China: 95 patients, 442 case-controls, and 53 familial controls. RESULTS Among the patients, 5.3% carried known CM-FGT-related variants. Pedigree and case-control analyses in two dimensions of coding and non-coding regulatory regions revealed seven novel de novo copy number variations, 12 rare single-nucleotide variations, and 10 rare 3' untranslated region (UTR) mutations in genes related to CM-FGT, particularly highlighting ASH1L as a pathogenic gene. Single-cell sequencing data showed that the majority of CM-FGT-related risk genes are spatiotemporally specifically expressed early in uterus development. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study identified novel variants related to CM-FGT, particularly highlighting ASH1L as a pathogenic gene. The findings provide insights into the genetic variants underlying CM-FGT, with single-cell sequencing data revealing spatiotemporal specific expression patterns of key risk genes early in uterine development. This study significantly advances the understanding of CM-FGT etiology and genetic landscape, offering new opportunities for prenatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Luo-Pei Guo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Data and Analysis Center for Genetic Diseases, Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Wei-Yue Gu
- Data and Analysis Center for Genetic Diseases, Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Yi-Meng Yin
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Shi
- Data and Analysis Center for Genetic Diseases, Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Hua
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Chen JS, Igarashi MG, Ren L, Hanna SM, Turner LA, McDonald NA, Beckley JR, Willet AH, Gould KL. The core spindle pole body scaffold Ppc89 links the pericentrin orthologue Pcp1 to the fission yeast spindle pole body via an evolutionarily conserved interface. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar112. [PMID: 38985524 PMCID: PMC11321043 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-05-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes and spindle pole bodies (SPBs) are important for mitotic spindle formation and serve as cellular signaling platforms. Although centrosomes and SPBs differ in morphology, many mechanistic insights into centrosome function have been gleaned from SPB studies. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the α-helical protein Ppc89, identified based on its interaction with the septation initiation network scaffold Sid4, comprises the SPB core. High-resolution imaging has suggested that SPB proteins assemble on the Ppc89 core during SPB duplication, but such interactions are undefined. Here, we define a connection between Ppc89 and the essential pericentrin Pcp1. Specifically, we found that a predicted third helix within Ppc89 binds the Pcp1 pericentrin-AKAP450 centrosomal targeting (PACT) domain complexed with calmodulin. Ppc89 helix 3 contains similarity to present in the N-terminus of Cep57 (PINC) motifs found in the centrosomal proteins fly SAS-6 and human Cep57 and also to the S. cerevisiae SPB protein Spc42. These motifs bind pericentrin-calmodulin complexes and AlphaFold2 models suggest a homologous complex assembles in all four organisms. Mutational analysis of the S. pombe complex supports the importance of Ppc89-Pcp1 binding interface in vivo. Our studies provide insight into the core architecture of the S. pombe SPB and suggest an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of scaffolding pericentrin-calmodulin complexes for mitotic spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Maya G. Igarashi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Liping Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Sarah M. Hanna
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Lesley A. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Nathan A. McDonald
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Janel R. Beckley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Alaina H. Willet
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Kathleen L. Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240
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Perge K, Capel E, Senée V, Julier C, Vigouroux C, Nicolino M. Ciliopathies are responsible for short stature and insulin resistance: A systematic review of this clinical association regarding SOFT syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09894-w. [PMID: 39017987 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
SOFT syndrome (Short stature-Onychodysplasia-Facial dysmorphism-hypoTrichosis) is a rare primordial dwarfism syndrome caused by biallelic variants in POC1A encoding a centriolar protein. To refine the phenotypic spectrum of SOFT syndrome, recently shown to include metabolic features, we conducted a systematic review of all published cases (19 studies, including 42 patients). The SOFT tetrad affected only 24 patients (57%), while all cases presented with short stature from birth (median height: -5.5SDS([-8.5]-[-2.8])/adult height: 132.5 cm(103.5-148)), which was most often disproportionate (90.5%), with relative macrocephaly. Bone involvement resulted in short hands and feet (100%), brachydactyly (92.5%), metaphyseal (92%) or epiphyseal (84%) anomalies, and/or sacrum/pelvis hypoplasia (58%). Serum IGF-I was increased (median IGF-I level: + 2 SDS ([-0.5]-[+ 3])). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy was stopped for absence/poor growth response (7/9 patients, 78%) and/or hyperglycemia (4/9 patients, 45%). Among 11 patients evaluated, 10 (91%) presented with central distribution of fat (73%), clinical (64%) and/or biological insulin resistance (IR) (100%, median HOMA-IR: 18), dyslipidemia (80%), and hepatic steatosis (100%). Glucose tolerance abnormalities affected 58% of patients aged over 10 years. Patients harbored biallelic missense (52.4%) or truncating (45.2%) POC1A variants. Biallelic null variants, affecting 36% of patients, were less frequently associated with the SOFT tetrad (33% vs 70% respectively, p = 0.027) as compared to other variants, without difference in the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities. POC1A should be sequenced in children with short stature, altered glucose/insulin homeostasis and/or centripetal fat distribution. In patients with SOFT syndrome, rhGH treatment is not indicated, and IR-related complications should be regularly screened and monitored.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023460876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Perge
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France.
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Senée
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Julier
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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4
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Joustra SD, Isik E, Wit JM, Catli G, Anik A, Haliloglu B, Kandemir N, Ozsu E, Hendriks YMC, de Bruin C, Kant SG, Campos-Barros A, Challis RC, Parry D, Harley ME, Jackson A, Losekoot M, van Duyvenvoorde HA. Genetic Findings in Short Turkish Children Born to Consanguineous Parents. Horm Res Paediatr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38838658 PMCID: PMC7616538 DOI: 10.1159/000539696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnostic yield of genetic analysis in the evaluation of children with short stature depends on associated clinical characteristics, but the additional effect of parental consanguinity has not been well documented. METHODS This observational case series of 42 short children from 34 consanguineous families was collected by six referral centres of paediatric endocrinology (inclusion criteria: short stature and parental consanguinity). In 18 patients (12 families, group 1), the clinical features suggested a specific genetic defect in the growth hormone (GH) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis, and a candidate gene approach was used. In others (group 2), a hypothesis-free approach was chosen (gene panels, microarray analysis, and whole exome sequencing) and further subdivided into 11 patients with severe short stature (height <-3.5 standard deviation score [SDS]) and microcephaly (head circumference <-3.0 SDS) (group 2a), 10 patients with syndromic short stature (group 2b), and 3 patients with nonspecific isolated GH deficiency (group 2c). RESULTS In all 12 families from group 1, (likely) pathogenic variants were identified in GHR, IGFALS, GH1, and STAT5B. In 9/12 families from group 2a, variants were detected in PCNT, SMARCAL1, SRCAP, WDR4, and GHSR. In 5/9 families from group 2b, variants were found in TTC37, SCUBE3, NSD2, RABGAP1, and 17p13.3 microdeletions. In group 2c, no genetic cause was found. Homozygous, compound heterozygous, and heterozygous variants were found in 21, 1, and 4 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Genetic testing in short children from consanguineous parents has a high diagnostic yield, especially in cases of severe GH deficiency or insensitivity, microcephaly, and syndromic short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd D Joustra
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emregul Isik
- Department of Paediatrics, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jan M Wit
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gonul Catli
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anik
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Belma Haliloglu
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgun Kandemir
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozsu
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yvonne M C Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angel Campos-Barros
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Network (CIBERER; U 753), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel C Challis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Parry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margaret E Harley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Pei SL, Chen RS, Chen MH. The crucial role of centrioles in tooth growth and development. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00214-6. [PMID: 38704334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Li Pei
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Shu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Zhu S, Wang J, Zhu H, Wang Q, Tang B, Xiong F, Luo Z, Chen A, Wang X, Leng X, Zeng L. Dual diagnosis of microcephalic osteosplastic primary dwarfism type II and benign familial infantile seizure type 2: a case report. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:83-86. [PMID: 38441202 PMCID: PMC10911253 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Bei Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Zemin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Xiangyou Leng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Lan Zeng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
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Jin T, Ding L, Chen J, Zou X, Xu T, Xuan Z, Wang S, Chen J, Wang W, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Huang P, Pan Z, Ge M. BUB1/KIF14 complex promotes anaplastic thyroid carcinoma progression by inducing chromosome instability. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18182. [PMID: 38498903 PMCID: PMC10948175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is a common contributor driving the formation and progression of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), but its mechanism remains unclear. The BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1) is responsible for the alignment of mitotic chromosomes, which has not been thoroughly studied in ATC. Our research demonstrated that BUB1 was remarkably upregulated and closely related to worse progression-free survival. Knockdown of BUB1 attenuated cell viability, invasion, migration and induced cell cycle arrests, whereas overexpression of BUB1 promoted the cell cycle progression of papillary thyroid cancer cells. BUB1 knockdown remarkably repressed tumour growth and tumour formation of nude mice with ATC xenografts and suppressed tumour metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model. Inhibition of BUB1 by its inhibitor BAY-1816032 also exhibited considerable anti-tumour activity. Further studies showed that enforced expression of BUB1 evoked CIN in ATC cells. BUB1 induced CIN through phosphorylation of KIF14 at serine1292 (Ser1292 ). Overexpression of the KIF14ΔSer1292 mutant was unable to facilitate the aggressiveness of ATC cells when compared with that of the wild type. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the BUB1/KIF14 complex drives the aggressiveness of ATC by inducing CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Jin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Lingling Ding
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Jinming Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine CenterZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Chaozhuang Zhu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Khan F, Khan S, Rana N, Rahim T, Arshad A, Khan I, Ogaly HA, Ahmed DAEM, Dera AA, Zaib S. Mutational analysis of consanguineous families and their targeted therapy against dwarfism. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38321911 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2307446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a medical term used to describe individuals with a height-vertex measurement that falls below two standard deviations (-2SD) or the third percentile for their gender and age. Normal development of growth is a complicated dynamic procedure that depends upon the coordination of different aspects involving diet, genetics, and biological aspects like hormones in equilibrium. Any severe or acute pathologic procedure may disturb the individual's normal rate of growth. In this research, we examined four (A-D) Pakistani consanguineous families that exhibited syndromic dwarfism, which was inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The genomic DNA of each family member was extracted by using phenol-chloroform and Kit methods. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of affected family members (IV-11, III-5, IV-4 and III-13) from each group was performed at the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium. After filtering the exome data, the mutations in PPM1F, FGFR3, ERCC2, and PCNT genes were determined by Sanger sequencing of each gene by using specific primers. Afterward, FGFR3 was found to be a suitable drug target among all the mutations to treat achondroplasia also known as disproportionate dwarfism. BioSolveIT softwares were used to discover the lead active inhibitory molecule against FGFR3. This research will not only provide short knowledge to the concerned pediatricians, researchers, and family physicians for the preliminary assessment and management of the disorder but also provide a lead inhibitor for the treatment of disproportionate dwarfism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Khan
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sarmir Khan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Rahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Zoology Wild Life and Fishries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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9
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Perge K, Capel E, Villanueva C, Gautheron J, Diallo S, Auclair M, Rondeau S, Morichon R, Brioude F, Jéru I, Rossi M, Nicolino M, Vigouroux C. Ciliopathy due to POC1A deficiency: clinical and metabolic features, and cellular modeling. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:151-164. [PMID: 38245004 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SOFT syndrome (MIM#614813), denoting Short stature, Onychodysplasia, Facial dysmorphism, and hypoTrichosis, is a rare primordial dwarfism syndrome caused by biallelic variants in POC1A, encoding a centriolar protein. SOFT syndrome, characterized by severe growth failure of prenatal onset and dysmorphic features, was recently associated with insulin resistance. This study aims to further explore its endocrinological features and pathophysiological mechanisms. DESIGN/METHODS We present clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of 2 unrelated patients carrying biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants. Cellular models of the disease were generated using patients' fibroblasts and POC1A-deleted human adipose stem cells. RESULTS Both patients present with clinical features of SOFT syndrome, along with hyperinsulinemia, diabetes or glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, and central fat distribution. They also display resistance to the effects of IGF-1. Cellular studies show that the lack of POC1A protein expression impairs ciliogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, induces cellular senescence, and leads to resistance to insulin and IGF-1. An altered subcellular localization of insulin receptors and, to a lesser extent, IGF1 receptors could also contribute to resistance to insulin and IGF1. CONCLUSIONS Severe growth retardation, IGF-1 resistance, and centripetal fat repartition associated with insulin resistance-related metabolic abnormalities should be considered as typical features of SOFT syndrome caused by biallelic POC1A null variants. Adipocyte dysfunction and cellular senescence likely contribute to the metabolic consequences of POC1A deficiency. SOFT syndrome should be included within the group of monogenic ciliopathies with metabolic and adipose tissue involvement, which already encompasses Bardet-Biedl and Alström syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Perge
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon F69100, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Carine Villanueva
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Safiatou Diallo
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris F75015, France
| | - Romain Morichon
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Cytometry and Imagery platform Saint-Antoine (CISA), Inserm UMS30 Lumic, Paris F75012, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
| | - Massimiliamo Rossi
- Genetics Department, Referral Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F69500, France
- UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS, GENDEV Team, Bron F69500, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon F69100, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris F75012, France
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10
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Fang J, Tian W, Quintanilla MA, Beach JR, Lerit DA. The PCM scaffold enables RNA localization to centrosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.13.575509. [PMID: 38469150 PMCID: PMC10926663 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.13.575509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
As microtubule-organizing centers, centrosomes direct assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle required for chromosome segregation and genome stability. Centrosome activity requires the dynamic assembly of pericentriolar material (PCM), the composition and organization of which changes throughout the cell cycle. Recent studies highlight the conserved localization of several mRNAs encoded from centrosome-associated genes enriched at centrosomes, including Pericentrin-like protein (Plp) mRNA. However, relatively little is known about how RNAs localize to centrosomes and influence centrosome function. Here, we examine mechanisms underlying the subcellular localization of Plp mRNA. We find that Plp mRNA localization is puromycin-sensitive, and the Plp coding sequence is both necessary and sufficient for RNA localization, consistent with a co-translational transport mechanism. We identify regions within the Plp coding sequence that regulate Plp mRNA localization. Finally, we show that protein-protein interactions critical for elaboration of the PCM scaffold permit RNA localization to centrosomes. Taken together, these findings inform the mechanistic basis of Plp mRNA localization and lend insight into the oscillatory enrichment of RNA at centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Equal contributions
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Equal contributions
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Dorothy A. Lerit
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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11
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Lea G, Hanna CW. Loss of DNA methylation disrupts syncytiotrophoblast development: Proposed consequences of aberrant germline gene activation. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300140. [PMID: 37994176 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a repressive epigenetic modification that is essential for development and its disruption is widely implicated in disease. Yet, remarkably, ablation of DNA methylation in transgenic mouse models has limited impact on transcriptional states. Across multiple tissues and developmental contexts, the predominant transcriptional signature upon loss of DNA methylation is the de-repression of a subset of germline genes, normally expressed in gametogenesis. We recently reported loss of de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B resulted in up-regulation of germline genes and impaired syncytiotrophoblast formation in the murine placenta. This defect led to embryonic lethality. We hypothesize that de-repression of germline genes in the Dnmt3b knockout underpins aspects of the placental phenotype by interfering with normal developmental processes. Specifically, we discuss molecular mechanisms by which aberrant expression of the piRNA pathway, meiotic proteins or germline transcriptional regulators may disrupt syncytiotrophoblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Lea
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Courtney W Hanna
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Chien SC, Chen CP. Genetic Counseling of Fetal Microcephaly. J Med Ultrasound 2024; 32:1-7. [PMID: 38665355 PMCID: PMC11040482 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_18_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal microcephaly is a small head with various losses of cerebral cortical volume. The affected cases may suffer from a wide range in severity of impaired cerebral development from slight to severe mental retardation. It can be an isolated finding or with other anomalies depending on the heterogeneous causes including genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infectious diseases, maternal alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders during pregnancy. It is often a lifelong and incurable condition. Thus, early detection of fetal microcephaly and identification of the underlying causes are important for clinical staff to provide appropriate genetic counseling to the parents and accurate management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Majumder S, Chattopadhyay A, Wright JM, Guan P, Buja LM, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Pericentrin deficiency in smooth muscle cells augments atherosclerosis through HSF1-driven cholesterol biosynthesis and PERK activation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173247. [PMID: 37937642 PMCID: PMC10721278 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in pericentrin (PCNT), and premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complication of the syndrome. Histopathology of coronary arteries from patients with MOPDII who died of CAD in their 20s showed extensive atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemic mice with smooth muscle cell-specific (SMC-specific) Pcnt deficiency (PcntSMC-/-) exhibited significantly greater atherosclerotic plaque burden compared with similarly treated littermate controls despite similar serum lipid levels. Loss of PCNT in SMCs induced activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and consequently upregulated the expression and activity of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The increased cholesterol biosynthesis in PcntSMC-/- SMCs augmented PERK signaling and phenotypic modulation compared with control SMCs. Treatment with the HMGCR inhibitor, pravastatin, blocked the augmented SMC modulation and reduced plaque burden in hyperlipidemic PcntSMC-/- mice to that of control mice. These data support the notion that Pcnt deficiency activates cellular stress to increase SMC modulation and plaque burden, and targeting this pathway with statins in patients with MOPDII has the potential to reduce CAD in these individuals. The molecular mechanism uncovered further emphasizes SMC cytosolic stress and HSF1 activation as a pathway driving atherosclerotic plaque formation independently of cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Jamie M. Wright
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - L. Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, and
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14
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Su T, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhu Q, Duan X. Hereditary dentin defects with systemic diseases. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2376-2393. [PMID: 37094075 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to summarize recent progress on syndromic dentin defects, promoting a better understanding of systemic diseases with dentin malformations, the molecules involved, and related mechanisms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS References on genetic diseases with dentin malformations were obtained from various sources, including PubMed, OMIM, NCBI, and other websites. The clinical phenotypes and genetic backgrounds of these diseases were then summarized, analyzed, and compared. RESULTS Over 10 systemic diseases, including osteogenesis imperfecta, hypophosphatemic rickets, vitamin D-dependent rickets, familial tumoral calcinosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, hypophosphatasia, Elsahy-Waters syndrome, Singleton-Merten syndrome, odontochondrodysplasia, and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II were examined. Most of these are bone disorders, and their pathogenic genes may regulate both dentin and bone development, involving extracellular matrix, cell differentiation, and metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. The phenotypes of these syndromic dentin defects various with the involved genes, part of them are similar to dentinogenesis imperfecta or dentin dysplasia, while others only present one or two types of dentin abnormalities such as discoloration, irregular enlarged or obliterated pulp and canal, or root malformation. CONCLUSION Some specific dentin defects associated with systemic diseases may serve as important phenotypes for dentists to diagnose. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on syndromic dentin defects may provide valuable insights into isolated dentin defects and general dentin development or mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Farcy S, Hachour H, Bahi-Buisson N, Passemard S. Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size. Cells 2023; 12:1807. [PMID: 37443841 PMCID: PMC10340463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farcy
- UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
- Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassina Hachour
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU MICADO, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
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16
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Lee EY, Hughes JW. Rediscovering Primary Cilia in Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:454-469. [PMID: 37105527 PMCID: PMC10404530 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory and signaling organelles on the surfaces of most eukaryotic cells. Despite their early description by microscopy studies, islet cilia had not been examined in the functional context until recent decades. In pancreatic islets as in other tissues, primary cilia facilitate crucial developmental and signaling pathways in response to extracellular stimuli. Many human developmental and genetic disorders are associated with ciliary dysfunction, some manifesting as obesity and diabetes. Understanding the basis for metabolic diseases in human ciliopathies has been aided by close examination of cilia action in pancreatic islets at cellular and molecular levels. In this article, we review the evidence for ciliary expression on islet cells, known roles of cilia in pancreas development and islet hormone secretion, and summarize metabolic manifestations of human ciliopathy syndromes. We discuss emerging data on primary cilia regulation of islet cell signaling and the structural basis of cilia-mediated cell crosstalk, and offer our interpretation on the role of cilia in glucose homeostasis and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Zheng H, Wen W. Protein phase separation: new insights into cell division. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1042-1051. [PMID: 37249333 PMCID: PMC10415187 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As the foundation for the development of multicellular organisms and the self-renewal of single cells, cell division is a highly organized event which segregates cellular components into two daughter cells equally or unequally, thus producing daughters with identical or distinct fates. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical concept, provides a new perspective for us to understand the mechanisms of a wide range of cellular events, including the organization of membrane-less organelles. Recent studies have shown that several key organelles in the cell division process are assembled into membrane-free structures via LLPS of specific proteins. Here, we summarize the regulatory functions of protein phase separation in centrosome maturation, spindle assembly and polarity establishment during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Zheng
- />Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospitalthe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological DisordersInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wenyu Wen
- />Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospitalthe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceNational Center for Neurological DisordersInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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18
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Petraroli M, Percesepe A, Piane M, Ormitti F, Castellone E, Gnocchi M, Messina G, Bernardi L, Patianna VD, Esposito SMR, Street ME. Case Report: short stature, kidney anomalies, and cerebral aneurysms in a novel homozygous mutation in the PCNT gene associated with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1018441. [PMID: 37234811 PMCID: PMC10206130 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1018441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a boy (aged 3 years and 7 months) with severe growth failure (length: -9.53 SDS; weight: -9.36 SDS), microcephaly, intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features, multiple skeletal anomalies, micropenis, cryptorchidism, generalized hypotonia, and tendon retraction. Abdominal US showed bilateral increased echogenicity of the kidneys, with poor corticomedullary differentiation, and a slightly enlarged liver with diffuse irregular echotexture. Initial MRI of the brain, performed at presentation, showed areas of gliosis with encephalomalacia and diffused hypo/delayed myelination, and a thinned appearance of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Genetic analysis evidenced a novel homozygous pathogenic variant of the pericentrin (PCNT) gene. PCNT is a structural protein expressed in the centrosome that plays a role in anchoring of protein complexes, regulation of the mitotic cycle, and cell proliferation. Loss-of-function variants of this gene are responsible for microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII), a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder. The boy died at 8 years of age as a result of an intracranial hemorrhage due to a cerebral aneurism associated with the Moyamoya malformation. In confirmation of previously published results, intracranial anomalies and kidney findings were evidenced very early in life. For this reason, we suggest including MRI of the brain with angiography as soon as possible after diagnosis in follow-up of MODPII, in order to identify and prevent complications related to vascular anomalies and multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Petraroli
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Castellone
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Gnocchi
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Messina
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bernardi
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Dora Patianna
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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19
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Dawood M, Akay G, Mitani T, Marafi D, Fatih JM, Gezdirici A, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K, Punetha J, Grochowski CM, Du H, Jolly A, Li H, Coban-Akdemir Z, Sedlazeck FJ, Hunter JV, Jhangiani SN, Muzny D, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Carvalho CM, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR. A biallelic frameshift indel in PPP1R35 as a cause of primary microcephaly. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:794-804. [PMID: 36598158 PMCID: PMC9928800 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 35 (PPP1R35) encodes a centrosomal protein required for recruiting microtubule-binding elongation machinery. Several proteins in this centriole biogenesis pathway correspond to established primary microcephaly (MCPH) genes, and multiple model organism studies hypothesize PPP1R35 as a candidate MCPH gene. Here, using exome sequencing (ES) and family-based rare variant analyses, we report a homozygous, frameshifting indel deleting the canonical stop codon in the last exon of PPP1R35 [Chr7: c.753_*3delGGAAGCGTAGACCinsCG (p.Trp251Cysfs*22)]; the variant allele maps in a 3.7 Mb block of absence of heterozygosity (AOH) in a proband with severe MCPH (-4.3 SD at birth, -6.1 SD by 42 months), pachygyria, and global developmental delay from a consanguineous Turkish kindred. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) confirmed mutant mRNA expression in fibroblasts. In silico prediction of the translation of mutant PPP1R35 is expected to be elongated by 18 amino acids before encountering a downstream stop codon. This complex indel allele is absent in public databases (ClinVar, gnomAD, ARIC, 1000 genomes) and our in-house database of 14,000+ exomes including 1800+ Turkish exomes supporting predicted pathogenicity. Comprehensive literature searches for PPP1R35 variants yielded two probands affected with severe microcephaly (-15 SD and -12 SD) with the same homozygous indel from a single, consanguineous, Iranian family from a cohort of 404 predominantly Iranian families. The lack of heterozygous cases in two large cohorts representative of the genetic background of these two families decreased our suspicion of a founder allele and supports the contention of a recurrent mutation. We propose two potential secondary structure mutagenesis models for the origin of this variant allele mediated by hairpin formation between complementary GC rich segments flanking the stop codon via secondary structure mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
| | - Jawid M. Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaya Punetha
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | | | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - He Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fritz J. Sedlazeck
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jill V. Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- E.B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia M.B. Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
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20
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Connally NJ, Nazeen S, Lee D, Shi H, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Chun S, Cotsapas C, Cassa CA, Sunyaev SR. The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function. eLife 2022; 11:e74970. [PMID: 36515579 PMCID: PMC9842386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene-trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this 'missing regulation.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Connally
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
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21
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Abstract
The centrosome, consisting of centrioles and the associated pericentriolar material, is the main microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) in animal cells. During most of interphase, the two centrosomes of a cell are joined together by centrosome cohesion into one MTOC. The most dominant element of centrosome cohesion is the centrosome linker, an interdigitating, fibrous network formed by the protein C-Nap1 anchoring a number of coiled-coil proteins including rootletin to the proximal end of centrioles. Alternatively, centrosomes can be kept together by the action of the minus end directed kinesin motor protein KIFC3 that works on interdigitating microtubules organized by both centrosomes and probably by the actin network. Although cells connect the two interphase centrosomes by several mechanisms into one MTOC, the general importance of centrosome cohesion, particularly for an organism, is still largely unclear. In this article, we review the functions of the centrosome linker and discuss how centrosome cohesion defects can lead to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairuo Dang
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum-ZMBH Allianz, and,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum-ZMBH Allianz, and
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22
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Perfilyeva A, Bespalova K, Perfilyeva Y, Skvortsova L, Musralina L, Zhunussova G, Khussainova E, Iskakova U, Bekmanov B, Djansugurova L. Integrative Functional Genomic Analysis in Multiplex Autism Families from Kazakhstan. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1509994. [PMID: 36199823 PMCID: PMC9529466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1509994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of extended pedigrees containing autism spectrum disorder- (ASD-) related broader autism phenotypes (BAP) offers a promising approach to the search for ASD candidate variants. Here, a total of 650,000 genetic markers were tested in four Kazakhstani multiplex families with ASD and BAP to obtain data on de novo mutations (DNMs), common, and rare inherited variants that may contribute to the genetic risk for developing autistic traits. The variants were analyzed in the context of gene networks and pathways. Several previously well-described enriched pathways were identified, including ion channel activity, regulation of synaptic function, and membrane depolarization. Perhaps these pathways are crucial not only for the development of ASD but also for ВАР. The results also point to several additional biological pathways (circadian entrainment, NCAM and BTN family interactions, and interaction between L1 and Ankyrins) and hub genes (CFTR, NOD2, PPP2R2B, and TTR). The obtained results suggest that further exploration of PPI networks combining ASD and BAP risk genes can be used to identify novel or overlooked ASD molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira Bespalova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuliya Perfilyeva
- M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 86 Dosmukhamedov St., Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
- Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, 14 Zhahanger St., Almaty 050054, Kazakhstan
| | - Liliya Skvortsova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazzat Musralina
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnur Zhunussova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Elmira Khussainova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Ulzhan Iskakova
- Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi St., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhytzhan Bekmanov
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Leyla Djansugurova
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 93 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
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23
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Yu K, Dou J, Huang W, Wang F, Wu Y. Expanding the genetic spectrum of tooth agenesis using whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2022; 102:503-516. [PMID: 36071541 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth agenesis is a high genetic heterogeneous disorder with more than eighty genes identified as associated molecular causes. The present study aimed to detect the possible pathogenic variants in a cohort of well-characterized probands with a clinical diagnosis of tooth agenesis. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 131 tooth agenesis patients with no previously identified molecular diagnosis. All the potential pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing in patients and their family members. Results Seventy-three patients were genetically diagnosed in 131 unrelated Chinese patients with tooth agenesis, providing a positive molecular diagnostic rate of 55.7%, including 53.8% (49/91) in the non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) group, and 60.0% (24/40) in syndromic tooth agenesis (STA) group. A total of 75 variants from 13 different genes were identified, including 33 novel variants, and WNT10A and EDA are the most common causative genes associated with non-syndromic and syndromic tooth agenesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study further extends the variant spectrum and clinical profiles of tooth agenesis, which has a positive significance for clinical practice, genetic diagnosis, prenatal counseling and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dou
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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24
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Fang J, Lerit DA. Orb-dependent polyadenylation contributes to PLP expression and centrosome scaffold assembly. Development 2022; 149:275606. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
As the microtubule-organizing centers of most cells, centrosomes engineer the bipolar mitotic spindle required for error-free mitosis. Drosophila Pericentrin-like protein (PLP) directs formation of a pericentriolar material (PCM) scaffold required for PCM organization and microtubule-organizing center function. Here, we investigate the post-transcriptional regulation of Plp mRNA. We identify conserved binding sites for cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins within the Plp 3′-untranslated region and examine the role of the CPEB ortholog Oo18 RNA-binding protein (Orb) in Plp mRNA regulation. Our data show that Orb interacts biochemically with Plp mRNA to promote polyadenylation and PLP protein expression. Loss of orb, but not orb2, diminishes PLP levels in embryonic extracts. Consequently, PLP localization to centrosomes and its function in PCM scaffolding are compromised in orb mutant embryos, resulting in genomic instability and embryonic lethality. Moreover, we find that PLP overexpression restores centrosome scaffolding and rescues the cell division defects caused by orb depletion. Our data suggest that Orb modulates PLP expression at the level of Plp mRNA polyadenylation and demonstrates that the post-transcriptional regulation of core, conserved centrosomal mRNAs is crucial for centrosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Fang
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Cell Biology , , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA
| | - Dorothy A. Lerit
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Cell Biology , , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA
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25
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Kim JM. Molecular Link between DNA Damage Response and Microtubule Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136986. [PMID: 35805981 PMCID: PMC9266319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are major components of the cytoskeleton that play important roles in cellular processes such as intracellular transport and cell division. In recent years, it has become evident that microtubule networks play a role in genome maintenance during interphase. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the role of microtubule dynamics in DNA damage response and repair. We first describe how DNA damage checkpoints regulate microtubule organization and stability. We then highlight how microtubule networks are involved in the nuclear remodeling following DNA damage, which leads to changes in chromosome organization. Lastly, we discuss how microtubule dynamics participate in the mobility of damaged DNA and promote consequent DNA repair. Together, the literature indicates the importance of microtubule dynamics in genome organization and stability during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea
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26
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Chomiak AA, Guo Y, Kopsidas CA, McDaniel DP, Lowe CC, Pan H, Zhou X, Zhou Q, Doughty ML, Feng Y. Nde1 is required for heterochromatin compaction and stability in neocortical neurons. iScience 2022; 25:104354. [PMID: 35601919 PMCID: PMC9121328 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The NDE1 gene encodes a scaffold protein essential for brain development. Although biallelic NDE1 loss of function (LOF) causes microcephaly with profound mental retardation, NDE1 missense mutations and copy number variations are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the etiology of the diverse phenotypes resulting from NDE1 aberrations remains elusive. Here we demonstrate Nde1 controls neurogenesis through facilitating H4K20 trimethylation-mediated heterochromatin compaction. This mechanism patterns diverse chromatin landscapes and stabilizes constitutive heterochromatin of neocortical neurons. We demonstrate that NDE1 can undergo dynamic liquid-liquid phase separation, partitioning to the nucleus and interacting with pericentromeric and centromeric satellite repeats. Nde1 LOF results in nuclear architecture aberrations and DNA double-strand breaks, as well as instability and derepression of pericentromeric satellite repeats in neocortical neurons. These findings uncover a pivotal role of NDE1/Nde1 in establishing and protecting neuronal heterochromatin. They suggest that heterochromatin instability predisposes a wide range of brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Chomiak
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caroline A. Kopsidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dennis P. McDaniel
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Clara C. Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Hongna Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Martin L. Doughty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yuanyi Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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27
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Mericq V, Huang-Doran I, Al-Naqeb D, Basaure J, Castiglioni C, de Bruin C, Hendriks Y, Bertini E, Alkuraya FS, Losekoot M, Al-Rubeaan K, Semple RK, Wit JM. Biallelic POC1A variants cause syndromic severe insulin resistance with muscle cramps. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:543-552. [PMID: 35234134 PMCID: PMC9010808 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics of three unrelated cases from Chile, Portugal, and Saudi Arabia with severe insulin resistance, SOFT syndrome, and biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants. DESIGN Observational study. METHODS Probands' phenotypes, including short stature, dysmorphism, and insulin resistance, were compared with previous reports. RESULTS Cases 1 (female) and 3 (male) were homozygous for known pathogenic POC1A variants: c.649C>T, p.(Arg217Trp) and c.241C>T, p.(Arg81*), respectively. Case 2 (male) was compound heterozygous for p.(Arg217Trp) variant and the rare missense variant c.370G>A, p.(Asp124Asn). All three cases exhibited severe insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL, and fatty liver, resembling three previously reported cases. All three also reported severe muscle cramps. Aggregate analysis of the six known cases with biallelic POC1A variants and insulin resistance showed decreased birth weight and length mean (s.d.): -2.8 (0.9) and -3.7 (0.9) SDS, respectively), severe short stature mean (s.d.) height: -4.9 (1.7) SDS) and moderate microcephaly (mean occipitofrontal circumference -3.0 (range: -4.7 to -1.2)). These findings were similar to those reported for patients with SOFT syndrome without insulin resistance. Muscle biopsy in Case 3 showed features of muscle involvement secondary to a neuropathic process. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SOFT syndrome can develop severe dyslipidaemic insulin resistance, independent of the exonic position of the POC1A variant. They also can develop severe muscle cramps. After diagnosis, patients should be regularly screened for insulin resistance and muscle complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Mericq or R K Semple; or
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dhekra Al-Naqeb
- Department of Medicine, Medical Genetic Clinic, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- Research and Scientific Centre Director, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert K Semple
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Mericq or R K Semple; or
| | - Jan M Wit
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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28
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Pervasive occurrence of splice-site-creating mutations and their possible involvement in genetic disorders. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:22. [PMID: 35304488 PMCID: PMC8933504 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for causative mutations in human genetic disorders has mainly focused on mutations that disrupt coding regions or splice sites. Recently, however, it has been reported that mutations creating splice sites can also cause a range of genetic disorders. In this study, we identified 5656 candidate splice-site-creating mutations (SCMs), of which 3942 are likely to be pathogenic, in 4054 genes responsible for genetic disorders. Reanalysis of exome data obtained from ciliopathy patients led us to identify 38 SCMs as candidate causative mutations. We estimate that, by focusing on SCMs, the increase in diagnosis rate is approximately 5.9–8.5% compared to the number of already known pathogenic variants. This finding suggests that SCMs are mutations worth focusing on in the search for causative mutations of genetic disorders.
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29
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Abstract
The centrosome is a multifunctional organelle that is known primarily for its microtubule organising function. Centrosomal defects caused by changes in centrosomal structure or number have been associated with human diseases ranging from congenital defects to cancer. We are only beginning to appreciate how the non-microtubule organising roles of the centrosome are related to these clinical conditions. In this review, we will discuss the historical evidence that led to the proposal that the centrosome participates in cell cycle regulation. We then summarize the body of work that describes the involvement of the mammalian centrosome in triggering cell cycle progression and checkpoint signalling. Then we will highlight work from the fission yeast model organism, revealing the molecular details that explain how the spindle pole body (SPB, the yeast functional equivalent of the centrosome), participates in these cell cycle transitions. Importantly, we will discuss some of the emerging questions from recent discoveries related to the role of the centrosome as a cell cycle regulator.
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30
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Abstract
In this review, Phan et al. discuss the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development, and review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Last, they also extend their discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
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31
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Pauta M, Campos B, Segura-Puimedon M, Arca G, Nadal A, Tubau A, Perez SP, Marimon E, Martín L, López-Quesada E, Sabrià J, Muñoz B, Garcia E, Paz Y Miño F, Borobio V, Gomez O, Eixarch E, Lopez M, Comas Rovira M, Borrell A. Next-Generation Sequencing Gene Panels and "Solo" Clinical Exome Sequencing Applied in Structurally Abnormal Fetuses. Fetal Diagn Ther 2021; 48:746-756. [PMID: 34775388 DOI: 10.1159/000519701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic yield of 2 different next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches: gene panel and "solo" clinical exome sequencing (solo-CES), in fetuses with structural anomalies and normal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), in the absence of a known familial mutation. METHODOLOGY Gene panels encompassing from 2 to 140 genes, were applied mainly in persistent nuchal fold/fetal hydrops and in large hyperechogenic kidneys. Solo-CES, which entails sequencing the fetus alone and only interpreting the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man genes, was performed in multisystem or recurrent structural anomalies. RESULTS During the study period (2015-2020), 153 NGS studies were performed in 148 structurally abnormal fetuses with a normal CMA. The overall diagnostic yield accounted for 35% (53/153) of samples and 36% (53/148) of the fetuses. Diagnostic yield with the gene panels was 31% (15/49), similar to 37% (38/104) in solo-CES. CONCLUSIONS A monogenic disease was established as the underlying cause in 35% of selected fetal structural anomalies by gene panels and solo-CES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Pauta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Berta Campos
- qGenomics. Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Arca
- DepartmentofNeonatology, BCNatal, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Tubau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Son Llàtzer Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia Pina Perez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Hospital, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edda Marimon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, BCNatal, Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Martín
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva López-Quesada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Joan Sabrià
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, BCNatal, Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Muñoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Fernanda Paz Y Miño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BCNatal, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Borobio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BCNatal, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Gomez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BCNatal, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BCNatal, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Borrell
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BCNatal, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mansour F, Boivin FJ, Shaheed IB, Schueler M, Schmidt-Ott KM. The Role of Centrosome Distal Appendage Proteins (DAPs) in Nephronophthisis and Ciliogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212253. [PMID: 34830133 PMCID: PMC8621283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is found in most mammalian cells and plays a functional role in tissue homeostasis and organ development by modulating key signaling pathways. Ciliopathies are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders resulting from defects in cilia development and function. Patients with ciliopathic disorders exhibit a range of phenotypes that include nephronophthisis (NPHP), a progressive tubulointerstitial kidney disease that commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, distal appendages (DAPs), which radially project from the distal end of the mother centriole, have been shown to play a vital role in primary ciliary vesicle docking and the initiation of ciliogenesis. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins can result in either a complete loss of the primary cilium, abnormal ciliary formation, or defective ciliary signaling. DAPs deficiency in humans or mice commonly results in NPHP. In this review, we outline recent advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of DAPs and how they participate in nephronophthisis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mansour
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Felix J. Boivin
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iman B. Shaheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Markus Schueler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
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Andrews A, Maharaj A, Cottrell E, Chatterjee S, Shah P, Denvir L, Dumic K, Bossowski A, Mushtaq T, Vukovic R, Didi M, Shaw N, Metherell LA, Savage MO, Storr HL. Genetic Characterization of Short Stature Patients With Overlapping Features of Growth Hormone Insensitivity Syndromes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4716-e4733. [PMID: 34136918 PMCID: PMC8530715 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth hormone insensitivity (GHI) in children is characterized by short stature, functional insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I deficiency, and normal or elevated serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations. The clinical and genetic etiology of GHI is expanding. OBJECTIVE We undertook genetic characterization of short stature patients referred with suspected GHI and features which overlapped with known GH-IGF-I axis defects. METHODS Between 2008 and 2020, our center received 149 GHI referrals for genetic testing. Genetic analysis utilized a combination of candidate gene sequencing, whole exome sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, and a targeted whole genome short stature gene panel. RESULTS Genetic diagnoses were identified in 80/149 subjects (54%) with 45/80 (56%) having known GH-IGF-I axis defects (GHR n = 40, IGFALS n = 4, IGFIR n = 1). The remaining 35/80 (44%) had diagnoses of 3M syndrome (n = 10) (OBSL1 n = 7, CUL7 n = 2, and CCDC8 n = 1), Noonan syndrome (n = 4) (PTPN11 n = 2, SOS1 n = 1, and SOS2 n = 1), Silver-Russell syndrome (n = 2) (loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 and uniparental disomy for chromosome 7), Class 3-5 copy number variations (n = 10), and disorders not previously associated with GHI (n = 9) (Barth syndrome, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, achondroplasia, glycogen storage disease type IXb, lysinuric protein intolerance, multiminicore disease, macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa, and scoliosis syndrome, and Bloom syndrome). CONCLUSION We report the wide range of diagnoses in 149 patients referred with suspected GHI, which emphasizes the need to recognize GHI as a spectrum of clinical entities in undiagnosed short stature patients. Detailed clinical and genetic assessment may identify a diagnosis and inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiya Andrews
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily Cottrell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sumana Chatterjee
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Peadiatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Rade Vukovic
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia, “Dr Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nick Shaw
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Martin O Savage
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Correspondence: Professor Helen L. Storr, Professor and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Fox BM, Dorschel KB, Lawton MT, Wanebo JE. Pathophysiology of Vascular Stenosis and Remodeling in Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661578. [PMID: 34539540 PMCID: PMC8446194 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) are progressive vascular pathologies unique to the cerebrovasculature that are important causes of stroke in both children and adults. The natural history of MMD is characterized by primary progressive stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, followed by the formation of fragile collateral vascular networks. In MMS, stenosis and collateralization occur in patients with an associated disease or condition. The pathological features of the stenosis associated with MMD include neointimal hyperplasia, disruption of the internal elastic lamina, and medial attenuation, which ultimately lead to progressive decreases in both luminal and external arterial diameter. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of stenosis in MMD with functions in cellular proliferation and migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, apoptosis, and vascular inflammation. Importantly, several of these molecular pathways overlap with those known to contribute to diseases of systemic arterial stenosis, such as atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Despite these possible shared mechanisms of stenosis, the contrast of MMD with other stenotic pathologies highlights the central questions underlying its pathogenesis. These questions include why the stenosis that is associated with MMD occurs in such a specific and limited anatomic location and what process initiates this stenosis. Further investigation of these questions is critical to developing an understanding of MMD that may lead to disease-modifying medical therapies. This review may be of interest to scientists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists involved in both moyamoya research and treatment and provides a review of pathophysiologic processes relevant to diseases of arterial stenosis on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Fox
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kirsten B Dorschel
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - John E Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Coding variants in the PCNT and CEP295 genes contribute to breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153581. [PMID: 34418690 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centrioles play pivotal roles in the assembly of centrosomes, their dysfunction is associated with multiple inherited diseases or cancers. To date, few studies have focused on the associations between coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the centriole duplication cycle genes and the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women. METHODS Twenty-one SNPs were selected from the coding regions of 10 critical centriole genes. The associations between the selected SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility were assessed in a case-control study of Chinese women, which included 1032 cases and 1063 controls. Potential biological functions in the influence of protein stability and the profile of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of the identified SNPs were further evaluated using in silico databases. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that a missense SNP rs7279204 in PCNT was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (additive model: adjusted OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38), while a missense SNP rs77922978 in CEP295 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (additive model: adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.97). Stratification analyses suggested that rs7279204 and rs77922978 exhibited different effects among later first live birth, ER-negative and PR-negative women (P<0.05). Moreover, rs77922978 showed significant differences for ER and PR status strata (heterogeneity test P=0.028, P=0.046). In addition, bioinformatic analyses indicated that the two variants may possess potential functions of reducing the protein stability of their host genes. Further eQTL analysis showed that the rs7279204 was not only correlated with the expression of its host gene PCNT, but also correlated with the expression of its nearby genes, implying its potential roles in regulation of some cancer susceptibility genes. CONCLUSIONS The SNPs rs7279204 and rs77922978 within the coding region of the PCNT and CEP295 genes may contribute to the susceptibility of breast cancer in Han Chinese population.
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Kundishora AJ, Peters ST, Pinard A, Duran D, Panchagnula S, Barak T, Miyagishima DF, Dong W, Smith H, Ocken J, Dunbar A, Nelson-Williams C, Haider S, Walker RL, Li B, Zhao H, Thumkeo D, Marlier A, Duy PQ, Diab NS, Reeves BC, Robert SM, Sujijantarat N, Stratman AN, Chen YH, Zhao S, Roszko I, Lu Q, Zhang B, Mane S, Castaldi C, López-Giráldez F, Knight JR, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Geschwind DH, Chen SSL, Storm PB, Diluna ML, Matouk CC, Orbach DB, Alper SL, Smith ER, Lifton RP, Gunel M, Milewicz DM, Jin SC, Kahle KT. DIAPH1 Variants in Non-East Asian Patients With Sporadic Moyamoya Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:993-1003. [PMID: 34125151 PMCID: PMC8204259 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Moyamoya disease (MMD), a progressive vasculopathy leading to narrowing and ultimate occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries, is a cause of childhood stroke. The cause of MMD is poorly understood, but genetic factors play a role. Several familial forms of MMD have been identified, but the cause of most cases remains elusive, especially among non-East Asian individuals. Objective To assess whether ultrarare de novo and rare, damaging transmitted variants with large effect sizes are associated with MMD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants A genetic association study was conducted using whole-exome sequencing case-parent MMD trios in a small discovery cohort collected over 3.5 years (2016-2019); data were analyzed in 2020. Medical records from US hospitals spanning a range of 1 month to 1.5 years were reviewed for phenotyping. Exomes from a larger validation cohort were analyzed to identify additional rare, large-effect variants in the top candidate gene. Participants included patients with MMD and, when available, their parents. All participants who met criteria and were presented with the option to join the study agreed to do so; none were excluded. Twenty-four probands (22 trios and 2 singletons) composed the discovery cohort, and 84 probands (29 trios and 55 singletons) composed the validation cohort. Main Outcomes and Measures Gene variants were identified and filtered using stringent criteria. Enrichment and case-control tests assessed gene-level variant burden. In silico modeling estimated the probability of variant association with protein structure. Integrative genomics assessed expression patterns of MMD risk genes derived from single-cell RNA sequencing data of human and mouse brain tissue. Results Of the 24 patients in the discovery cohort, 14 (58.3%) were men and 18 (75.0%) were of European ancestry. Three of 24 discovery cohort probands contained 2 do novo (1-tailed Poisson P = 1.1 × 10-6) and 1 rare, transmitted damaging variant (12.5% of cases) in DIAPH1 (mammalian diaphanous-1), a key regulator of actin remodeling in vascular cells and platelets. Four additional ultrarare damaging heterozygous DIAPH1 variants (3 unphased) were identified in 3 other patients in an 84-proband validation cohort (73.8% female, 77.4% European). All 6 patients were non-East Asian. Compound heterozygous variants were identified in ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteinlike protein EVL, a mammalian diaphanous-1 interactor that regulates actin polymerization. DIAPH1 and EVL mutant probands had severe, bilateral MMD associated with transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia. DIAPH1 and other MMD risk genes are enriched in mural cells of midgestational human brain. The DIAPH1 coexpression network converges in vascular cell actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathways. Conclusions and Relevance These findings provide the largest collection to date of non-East Asian individuals with sporadic MMD harboring pathogenic variants in the same gene. The results suggest that DIAPH1 is a novel MMD risk gene and impaired vascular cell actin remodeling in MMD pathogenesis, with diagnostic and therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Kundishora
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Samuel T. Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Amélie Pinard
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | | | - Tanyeri Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Danielle F. Miyagishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Hannah Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Jack Ocken
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Ashley Dunbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Shozeb Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Walker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dean Thumkeo
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Phan Q. Duy
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Nicholas S. Diab
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin C. Reeves
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | | | | | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Isabelle Roszko
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Shih-Shan Lang Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Phillip B. Storm
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Michael L. Diluna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles C. Matouk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Darren B. Orbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seth L. Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard P. Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Liu H, Tao N, Wang Y, Yang Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu X, Feng X, Sun M, Xu F, Su Y, Li L. A novel homozygous mutation of the PCNT gene in a Chinese patient with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1761. [PMID: 34331829 PMCID: PMC8457697 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pre‐ and postnatal growth restrictions, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, severe teeth deformities, and typical facial features. Previous studies have shown that MOPD II is associated with mutations in the pericentrin (PCNT) gene. Methods We evaluated the clinical features of a 10‐year and 7‐month‐old Chinese girl with MOPD II. Subsequently, next‐generation sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to investigate genetic characteristics and the expression of PCNT protein respectively. Results The patient presented with short stature, microcephaly, typical craniofacial features, teeth deformity, thrombocytosis, and a delayed bone age (approximately 7 years). No abnormality in growth hormone or insulin‐like growth factor 1 was detected. Notably, the patient was found to carry a novel homozygous PCNT mutation (c.6157G>T, p.Glu2053Ter), which was inherited from her healthy heterozygous parents. Meanwhile, significant deficiency of PCNT expression was identified in the patient. Conclusion Our study identified a novel PCNT mutation associated with MOPD II, expanded the mutation spectrum of the PCNT gene and improved our understanding of the molecular basis of MOPD II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meiyuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Jiang X, Ho DBT, Mahe K, Mia J, Sepulveda G, Antkowiak M, Jiang L, Yamada S, Jao LE. Condensation of pericentrin proteins in human cells illuminates phase separation in centrosome assembly. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258897. [PMID: 34308971 PMCID: PMC8349556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the onset of mitosis, centrosomes expand the pericentriolar material (PCM) to maximize their microtubule-organizing activity. This step, termed centrosome maturation, ensures proper spindle organization and faithful chromosome segregation. However, as the centrosome expands, how PCM proteins are recruited and held together without membrane enclosure remains elusive. We found that endogenously expressed pericentrin (PCNT), a conserved PCM scaffold protein, condenses into dynamic granules during late G2/early mitosis before incorporating into mitotic centrosomes. Furthermore, the N-terminal portion of PCNT, enriched with conserved coiled-coils (CCs) and low-complexity regions (LCRs), phase separates into dynamic condensates that selectively recruit PCM proteins and nucleate microtubules in cells. We propose that CCs and LCRs, two prevalent sequence features in the centrosomal proteome, are preserved under evolutionary pressure in part to mediate liquid-liquid phase separation, a process that bestows upon the centrosome distinct properties critical for its assembly and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dac Bang Tam Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karan Mahe
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennielee Mia
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guadalupe Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark Antkowiak
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Linhao Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Li-En Jao
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Qi F, Zhou J. Multifaceted roles of centrosomes in development, health, and disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:611-621. [PMID: 34264337 PMCID: PMC8648388 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a membrane-less organelle consisting of a pair of barrel-shaped centrioles and pericentriolar material and functions as the major microtubule-organizing center and signaling hub in animal cells. The past decades have witnessed the functional complexity and importance of centrosomes in various cellular processes such as cell shaping, division, and migration. In addition, centrosome abnormalities are linked to a wide range of human diseases and pathological states, such as cancer, reproductive disorder, brain disease, and ciliopathies. Herein, we discuss various functions of centrosomes in development and health, with an emphasis on their roles in germ cells, stem cells, and immune responses. We also discuss how centrosome dysfunctions are involved in diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating centrosome functions may lead the way to potential therapeutic targeting of this organelle in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence to: Feifei Qi, E-mail: ; Jun Zhou, E-mail:
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence to: Feifei Qi, E-mail: ; Jun Zhou, E-mail:
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Jung GI, Rhee K. Triple deletion of TP53, PCNT, and CEP215 promotes centriole amplification in the M phase. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1500-1517. [PMID: 34233584 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1950386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrioles are frequently observed in diverse types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the generation of supernumerary centrioles during the M phase. We generated the TP53;PCNT;CEP215 triple knockout (KO) cells and determined the configurations of the centriole during the cell cycle. The triple KO cells exhibited a precocious separation of centrioles and unscheduled centriole assembly in the M phase. Supernumerary centrioles in the triple KO cells were present throughout the cell cycle; however, among all the centrioles, only two maintained an intact composition, including CEP135, CEP192, CEP295 and CEP152. Intact centrioles were formed during the S phase and the rest of the centrioles may be generated during the M phase. M-phase-assembled centrioles lacked the ability to organize microtubules in the interphase; however, a fraction of them may acquire pericentriolar material to organize microtubules during the M phase. Taken together, our work reveals the heterogeneity of the supernumerary centrioles in the triple KO cells. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee In Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kamil G, Yoon JY, Yoo S, Cheon CK. Clinical relevance of targeted exome sequencing in patients with rare syndromic short stature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:297. [PMID: 34217350 PMCID: PMC8254301 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale genomic analyses have provided insight into the genetic complexity of short stature (SS); however, only a portion of genetic causes have been identified. In this study, we identified disease-causing mutations in a cohort of Korean patients with suspected syndromic SS by targeted exome sequencing (TES). METHODS Thirty-four patients in South Korea with suspected syndromic disorders based on abnormal growth and dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, or accompanying anomalies were enrolled in 2018-2020 and evaluated by TES. RESULTS For 17 of 34 patients with suspected syndromic SS, a genetic diagnosis was obtained by TES. The mean SDS values for height, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 for these 17 patients were - 3.27 ± 1.25, - 0.42 ± 1.15, and 0.36 ± 1.31, respectively. Most patients displayed distinct facial features (16/17) and developmental delay or intellectual disability (12/17). In 17 patients, 19 genetic variants were identified, including 13 novel heterozygous variants, associated with 15 different genetic diseases, including many inherited rare skeletal disorders and connective tissue diseases (e.g., cleidocranial dysplasia, Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, Sheldon-Hall, acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type, and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II). After re-classification by clinical reassessment, including family member testing and segregation studies, 42.1% of variants were pathogenic, 42.1% were likely pathogenic variant, and 15.7% were variants of uncertain significance. Ultra-rare diseases accounted for 12 out of 15 genetic diseases (80%). CONCLUSIONS A high positive result from genetic testing suggests that TES may be an effective diagnostic approach for patients with syndromic SS, with implications for genetic counseling. These results expand the mutation spectrum for rare genetic diseases related to SS in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilyazetdinov Kamil
- Department of Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju Young Yoon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sukdong Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Yangsan, Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
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Duker AL, Kinderman D, Jordan C, Niiler T, Baker-Smith CM, Thompson L, Parry DA, Carroll RS, Bober MB. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II is associated with global vascular disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:231. [PMID: 34016138 PMCID: PMC8139163 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is the most common form of primordial dwarfism, caused by bialleic mutations in the pericentrin gene (PCNT). Aside from its classic features, there are multiple associated medical complications, including a well-documented risk of neurovascular disease. Over the past several years, it has become apparent that additional vascular issues, as well as systemic hypertension and kidney disease may also be related to MOPDII. However, the frequency and extent of the vasculopathy was unclear. To help address this question, a vascular substudy was initiated within our Primordial Dwarfism Registry. RESULTS Medical records from 47 individuals, living and deceased, ranging in age from 3 to 41 years of age were interrogated for this purpose. Of the total group, 64% were diagnosed with moyamoya, intracranial aneurysms, or both. In general, the age at diagnosis for moyamoya was younger than aneurysms, but the risk for neurovascular disease was throughout the shortened lifespan. In addition to neurovascular disease, renal, coronary and external carotid artery involvement are documented. 43% of the total group was diagnosed with hypertension, and 17% had myocardial infarctions. A total of 32% of the entire cohort had some form of chronic kidney disease, with 4% of the total group necessitating a kidney transplant. In addition, 38% had diabetes/insulin resistance. Ages of diagnoses, treatment modalities employed, and location of vasculopathies were notated as available and applicable, as well as frequencies of other comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS It is now clear that vascular disease in MOPDII is global and screening of the cardiac and renal vessels is warranted along with close monitoring of blood pressure. We recommend a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg as a starting point for an upper limit, especially if the individual has a history of neurovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes. Additionally, providers need to be at high alert for the possibility of myocardial infarctions in young adults with MOPDII, so that appropriate treatment can be initiated promptly in an acute situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Duker
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Dagmar Kinderman
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Tim Niiler
- Gait Laboratory, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Carissa M Baker-Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Louise Thompson
- The South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Parry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricki S Carroll
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Michael B Bober
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
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Siblings With Familial Dwarfism Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction at Adolescence. JACC Case Rep 2021; 3:795-800. [PMID: 34317628 PMCID: PMC8311190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We encountered siblings with familial Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) with acute myocardial infarction in adolescence and in their early 20s. We successfully performed percutaneous and surgical coronary interventions. From these cases, we were able to better understand coronary artery disease of MOPD II and provide better management. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
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Key Words
- AMI, acute myocardial infarction
- CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CAG, coronary angiography
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance
- LAD, left anterior descending artery
- LCX, left circumflex artery
- MOPD II, Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II
- PCNT, pericentrin gene
- coronary artery disease
- insulin resistance
- pediatric
- primordial dwarfism
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The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050631. [PMID: 34068951 PMCID: PMC8156942 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive. We herein present: (a) an update of studies that have shaped our current knowledge on the disorder’s genetic architecture; (b) a discussion on whether this genetic architecture is ‘unique’ to SLD or, alternatively, whether there is an underlying common genetic background with other neurodevelopmental disorders; and, (c) a brief discussion on whether we are at a position of generating meaningful correlations between genetic findings and anatomical data from neuroimaging studies or specific molecular/cellular pathways. We conclude with open research questions that could drive future research directions.
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Makhdoom EUH, Waseem SS, Iqbal M, Abdullah U, Hussain G, Asif M, Budde B, Höhne W, Tinschert S, Saadi SM, Yousaf H, Ali Z, Fatima A, Kaygusuz E, Khan A, Jameel M, Khan S, Tariq M, Anjum I, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Höning S, Baig SM, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. Modifier Genes in Microcephaly: A Report on WDR62, CEP63, RAD50 and PCNT Variants Exacerbating Disease Caused by Biallelic Mutations of ASPM and CENPJ. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:731. [PMID: 34068194 PMCID: PMC8153008 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly is the clinical presentation of significantly reduced head circumference at birth. It manifests as both non-syndromic-microcephaly primary hereditary (MCPH)-and syndromic forms and shows considerable inter- and intrafamilial variability. It has been hypothesized that additional genetic variants may be responsible for this variability, but data are sparse. We have conducted deep phenotyping and genotyping of five Pakistani multiplex families with either MCPH (n = 3) or Seckel syndrome (n = 2). In addition to homozygous causal variants in ASPM or CENPJ, we discovered additional heterozygous modifier variants in WDR62, CEP63, RAD50 and PCNT-genes already known to be associated with neurological disorders. MCPH patients carrying an additional heterozygous modifier variant showed more severe phenotypic features. Likewise, the phenotype of Seckel syndrome caused by a novel CENPJ variant was aggravated to microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) in conjunction with an additional PCNT variant. We show that the CENPJ missense variant impairs splicing and decreases protein expression. We also observed centrosome amplification errors in patient cells, which were twofold higher in MOPDII as compared to Seckel cells. Taken together, these observations advocate for consideration of additional variants in related genes for their role in modifying the expressivity of the phenotype and need to be considered in genetic counseling and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtisham Ul Haq Makhdoom
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Syeda Seema Waseem
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Maria Iqbal
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Wolfgang Höhne
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Saadia Maryam Saadi
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Hammad Yousaf
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Zafar Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan;
| | - Ambrin Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan;
| | - Emrah Kaygusuz
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gülümbe Campus, Bilecik 11230, Turkey;
| | - Ayaz Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Jameel
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Iram Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan;
- Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), 1- Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Primary cilia and the DNA damage response: linking a cellular antenna and nuclear signals. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:829-841. [PMID: 33843966 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability involves integrated biochemical activities that detect DNA damage or incomplete replication, delay the cell cycle, and direct DNA repair activities on the affected chromatin. These processes, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR), are crucial for cell survival and to avoid disease, particularly cancer. Recent work has highlighted links between the DDR and the primary cilium, an antenna-like, microtubule-based signalling structure that extends from a centriole docked at the cell surface. Ciliary dysfunction gives rise to a range of complex human developmental disorders termed the ciliopathies. Mutations in ciliopathy genes have been shown to impact on several functions that relate to centrosome integrity, DNA damage signalling, responses to problems in DNA replication and the control of gene expression. This review covers recent findings that link cilia and the DDR and explores the various roles played by key genes in these two contexts. It outlines how proteins encoded by ciliary genes impact checkpoint signalling, DNA replication and repair, gene expression and chromatin remodelling. It discusses how these diverse activities may integrate nuclear responses with those that affect a structure of the cell periphery. Additional directions for exploration of the interplay between these pathways are highlighted, with a focus on new ciliary gene candidates that alter genome stability.
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Fan X, Zhao S, Yu C, Wu D, Yan Z, Fan L, Song Y, Wang Y, Li C, Ming Y, Gui B, Niu Y, Li X, Yang X, Luo S, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Pan H, Li M, Xia W, Qiu G, Liu P, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wu Z, Lupski JR, Posey JE, Chen S, Gong C, Wu N. Exome sequencing reveals genetic architecture in patients with isolated or syndromic short stature. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:396-402. [PMID: 34006472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short stature is among the most common endocrinological disease phenotypes of childhood and may occur as an isolated finding or in conjunction with other clinical manifestations. Although the diagnostic utility of clinical genetic testing in short stature has been implicated, the genetic architecture and the utility of genomic studies such as exome sequencing (ES) in a sizable cohort of patients with short stature have not been investigated systematically. In this study, we recruited 561 individuals with short stature from two centers in China during a 4-year period. We performed ES for all patients and available parents. All patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: an isolated short stature group (group I, n = 257) and an apparently syndromic short stature group (group II, n = 304). Causal variants were identified in 135 of 561 (24.1%) patients. In group I, 29 of 257 (11.3%) of the patients were solved by variants in 24 genes. In group II, 106 of 304 (34.9%) patients were solved by variants in 57 genes. Genes involved in fundamental cellular process played an important role in the genetic architecture of syndromic short stature. Distinct genetic architectures and pathophysiological processes underlie isolated and syndromic short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yanning Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China; Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Yue Ming
- PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Baoheng Gui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinzhuang Yang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530003, China
| | - Chunxiu Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Owa M, Dynlacht B. A non-canonical function for Centromere-associated protein-E controls centrosome integrity and orientation of cell division. Commun Biol 2021; 4:358. [PMID: 33742057 PMCID: PMC7979751 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is a kinesin motor localizing at kinetochores. Although its mitotic functions have been well studied, it has been challenging to investigate direct consequences of CENP-E removal using conventional methods because CENP-E depletion resulted in mitotic arrest. In this study, we harnessed an auxin-inducible degron system to achieve acute degradation of CENP-E. We revealed a kinetochore-independent role for CENP-E that removes pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) from centrosomes in late S/early G2 phase. After acute loss of CENP-E, centrosomal Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) localization is abrogated through accumulation of PCM1, resulting in aberrant phosphorylation and destabilization of centrosomes, which triggers shortened astral microtubules and oblique cell divisions. Furthermore, we also observed centrosome and cell division defects in cells from a microcephaly patient with mutations in CENPE. Orientation of cell division is deregulated in some microcephalic patients, and our unanticipated findings provide additional insights into how microcephaly can result from centrosomal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Allard BA, Wang W, Pottorf TS, Mumtaz H, Jack BM, Wang HH, Silva LM, Jacobs DT, Wang J, Bumann EE, Tran PV. Thm2 interacts with paralog, Thm1, and sensitizes to Hedgehog signaling in postnatal skeletogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3743-3762. [PMID: 33683377 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the intraflagellar transport-A (IFT-A) gene, THM1, have been identified in skeletal ciliopathies. Here, we report a genetic interaction between Thm1, and its paralog, Thm2, in postnatal skeletogenesis. THM2 localizes to primary cilia, but Thm2 deficiency does not affect ciliogenesis and Thm2-null mice survive into adulthood. However, by postnatal day 14, Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ mice exhibit small stature and small mandible. Radiography and microcomputed tomography reveal Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ tibia are less opaque and have reduced cortical and trabecular bone mineral density. In the mutant tibial growth plate, the proliferation zone is expanded and the hypertrophic zone is diminished, indicating impaired chondrocyte differentiation. Additionally, mutant growth plate chondrocytes show increased Hedgehog signaling. Yet deletion of one allele of Gli2, a major transcriptional activator of the Hedgehog pathway, exacerbated the Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ small phenotype, and further revealed that Thm2-/-; Gli2+/- mice have small stature. In Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ primary osteoblasts, a Hedgehog signaling defect was not detected, but bone nodule formation was markedly impaired. This indicates a signaling pathway is altered, and we propose that this pathway may potentially interact with Gli2. Together, our data reveal that loss of Thm2 with one allele of Thm1, Gli2, or both, present new IFT mouse models of osteochondrodysplasia. Our data also suggest Thm2 as a modifier of Hedgehog signaling in postnatal skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A Allard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Tana S Pottorf
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Hammad Mumtaz
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Brittany M Jack
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Henry H Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Luciane M Silva
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Damon T Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Erin E Bumann
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Pamela V Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., MS #3038, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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50
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Identification of three novel mutations in PCNT in vietnamese patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:115-121. [PMID: 33460028 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial dwarfism (PD) is a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders related to developmental disabilities occurring in the uterus and prolongs during all stages of life, resulting in short stature, facial deformities and abnormal brain. OBJECTIVE To determine the exact cause of the disease in two Vietnamese patients priory diagnosed with PD by severe pre-and postnatal growth retardation with marked microcephaly and some bone abnormalities. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the two patients and mutations in genes related to PD were screened. Sanger sequencing was applied to examine the mutations in the patients of their families. RESULTS Three novel mutations in the PCNT gene which have not been reported previously were identified in the two patients. Of which, two frameshift mutations (p.Thr479Profs*6 and p.Glu2742Alafs*8) were detected in patient I and one stop-gained mutation (p.Gln1907*) was detected in the patient II. These mutations may result in a truncated PCNT protein, leading to an inactivated PACT domain corresponding to residue His3138-Trp3216 of PCNT protein. Therefore, the three mutations may cause a deficiency of protein functional activity and result in the phenotypes of primordial dwarfism in the two patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentations in combination with genetic analyses supported an accurate diagnosis of the two patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II). In addition, these results have important implications for prenatal genetic screening and genetic counseling for the families.
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