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Shen X, Liao J, Yu S, Feng P, Wang G. Novel circular RNA Sestrin1 promotes chicken myoblast proliferation and differentiation via circSesn1/miR-16-5p/SESN1 pathway. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38828863 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2360004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
1. The development of chicken skeletal muscle is directly relevant to poultry husbandry production. Numerous studies have suggested that circular RNA play pivotal roles in muscle development. However, the functions and mechanisms of most circRNA in chicken myogenesis remain largely unknown.2. This study identified a novel circSESN1 based on existing sequencing data and examined its authenticity and subcellular localisation by enzyme digestion and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the expression levels of circSESN1 and the developmental stage of chicken muscle.3. Mechanistically, knockdown or overexpression of circSESN1 was performed in primary myoblasts to validate its function. The interactions between circSESN1, miR-16-5p, and the target gene sestrin 1 (SESN1) were investigated using bioinformatics analysis and a dual fluorescein reporter system. Real-time qPCR, a cell proliferation assay, and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to investigate the promotion effect of circSESN1 on myoblast proliferation and differentiation by miR-16-5p/SESN1 pathway.4. The results demonstrated that the newly identified chicken circSESN1 directly sponges gga-miR-16-5p to regulate SESN1 gene expression, promoting myoblast proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - J Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - S Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - P Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
| | - G Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialisation in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
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2
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Musselman LP, Truong HG, DiAngelo JR. Transcriptional Control of Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38782870 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional control of lipid metabolism uses a framework that parallels the control of lipid metabolism at the protein or enzyme level, via feedback and feed-forward mechanisms. Increasing the substrates for an enzyme often increases enzyme gene expression, for example. A paucity of product can likewise potentiate transcription or stability of the mRNA encoding the enzyme or enzymes needed to produce it. In addition, changes in second messengers or cellular energy charge can act as on/off switches for transcriptional regulators to control transcript (and protein) abundance. Insects use a wide range of DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that sense changes in the cell and its environment to produce the appropriate change in transcription at gene promoters. These TFs work together with histones, spliceosomes, and additional RNA processing factors to ultimately regulate lipid metabolism. In this chapter, we will first focus on the important TFs that control lipid metabolism in insects. Next, we will describe non-TF regulators of insect lipid metabolism such as enzymes that modify acetylation and methylation status, transcriptional coactivators, splicing factors, and microRNAs. To conclude, we consider future goals for studying the mechanisms underlying the control of lipid metabolism in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palanker Musselman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Huy G Truong
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Justin R DiAngelo
- Division of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Berks Campus, Reading, PA, USA.
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3
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Khan A, Zahid MA, Shahab M, Al-Zoubi RM, Shkoor M, Benameur T, Agouni A. Investigating the role of functional mutations in leucine binding to Sestrin2 in aging and age-associated degenerative pathologies using structural and molecular simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38686915 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2335289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Leucine is the native known ligand of Sestrin2 (Sesn2) and its interaction with Sesn2 is particularly important, as it influences the activity of mTOR in aging and its associated pathologies. It is important to find out how leucine interacts with Sesn2 and how mutations in the binding pocket of leucine affect the binding of leucine. Therefore, this study was committed to investigating the impact of non-synonymous mutations by incorporating a broad spectrum of simulation techniques, from molecular dynamics to free energy calculations. Our study was designed to model the atomic-scale interactions between leucine and mutant forms of Sesn2. Our results demonstrated that the interaction paradigm for the mutants has been altered thus showing a significant decline in the hydrogen bonding network. Moreover, these mutations compromised the dynamic stability by altering the conformational flexibility, sampling time, and leucine-induced structural constraints that consequently caused variation in the binding and structural stability. Molecular dynamics-based flexibility analysis revealed that the regions 217-339 and 371-380 demonstrated a higher fluctuation. Noteworthy, these regions correspond to a linker (217-339) and a loop (371-380) that cover the leucine binding cavity that is critical for the 'latch' mechanism in the N-terminal, which is essential for leucine binding. Further validation of reduced binding and modified internal motions caused by the mutants was obtained through binding free energy calculations, principal components analysis (PCA), and free energy landscape (FEL) analysis. By unraveling the molecular intricacies of Sesn2-leucine interactions and their mutations, we hope to pave the way for innovative strategies to combat the inevitable tide of aging and its associated diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Ammar Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China
| | - Raed M Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohanad Shkoor
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarek Benameur
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Song N, Mei S, Wang X, Hu G, Lu M. Focusing on mitochondria in the brain: from biology to therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38632601 PMCID: PMC11022390 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have multiple functions such as supplying energy, regulating the redox status, and producing proteins encoded by an independent genome. They are closely related to the physiology and pathology of many organs and tissues, among which the brain is particularly prominent. The brain demands 20% of the resting metabolic rate and holds highly active mitochondrial activities. Considerable research shows that mitochondria are closely related to brain function, while mitochondrial defects induce or exacerbate pathology in the brain. In this review, we provide comprehensive research advances of mitochondrial biology involved in brain functions, as well as the mitochondria-dependent cellular events in brain physiology and pathology. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better identify the mitochondrial roles in neurological diseases and the neurophenotypes of mitochondrial diseases. Finally, mitochondrial therapies are discussed. Mitochondrial-targeting therapeutics are showing great potentials in the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuyuan Mei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiangxu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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5
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Kim K, Kim JH, Kim I, Seong S, Koh JT, Kim N. Sestrin2 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through AMPK activation and ROS inhibition. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:77-88. [PMID: 38101586 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are stress-responsive proteins with antioxidant properties. They participate in cellular redox balance and protect against oxidative damage. This study investigated the effects of Sestrin2 (Sesn2) on osteoclast differentiation and function. Overexpressing Sesn2 in osteoclast precursor cells significantly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. This was assessed as reduced expression of various osteoclast markers, including c-Fos, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), osteoclast-associated receptor, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K. Conversely, downregulation of Sesn2 produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, Sesn2 overexpression enhanced AMPK activation and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), promoting antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, azithromycin (Azm) induced Sesn2 expression, which suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Specifically, Azm treatment reduced RANKL-induced production of reactive oxygen species in osteoclasts. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of Azm ameliorated RANKL-induced bone loss by reducing osteoclast activity in mice. Taken together, our results suggested that Azm-induced Sesn2 act as a negative regulator of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through the AMPK/NFATc1 signaling pathway. Concisely, targeting Sesn2 can be a potential pharmacological intervention in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea; Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea; Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea; Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Fang H, Shi X, Wan J, Zhong X. Role of sestrins in metabolic and aging-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024; 25:9-22. [PMID: 37516672 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a type of highly conserved stress-inducing protein that has antioxidant and mTORC1 inhibitory functions. Metabolic dysfunction and aging are the main risk factors for development of human diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Sestrins have important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-tumor functions, and aging by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathways. In this review, the structure and biological functions of sestrins are summarized, and how sestrins are activated and contribute to regulation of the downstream signal pathways of metabolic and aging-related diseases are discussed in detail with the goal of providing new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Wang M, Chen W, Zeng X, Wang T, Sun Y, Yang Q. Sestrin1, 2, and 3 are dispensable for female fertility in mice. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:28. [PMID: 38297375 PMCID: PMC10832176 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrins have been implicated in regulating aging in various organs through multiple pathways. However, their roles in ovarian aging remain unrevealed. METHODS Female Sestrin1-/-, Sestrin2-/-, and Sestrin3-/- mice were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Body weights, little sizes, ovarian weights, estrous cyclicity, and follicle number in female mice were observed. ELISA was utilized to measure serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Real time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and Masson trichrome staining were employed for assessment of aging-related change. RESULTS The deletion of Sestrin 1, 2, or 3 had no discernible impact on body weights,or serum AMH levels in female mice at the age of 12 months. And there were no discernible differences in litter sizes or estrous cyclicity which were assessed at the age of 8 months. At the age of 12 months, no significant differences were observed in ovarian weights or follicle numbers among the knockout mice. Consistently, the extent of fibrosis within the ovaries remained comparable across all experimental groups at this age. Additionally, autophagy, apoptosis, DNA damage, and inflammation within the ovaries were also found to be comparable to those in wild-type mice of the same age. CONCLUSIONS The loss of Sestrin 1, 2, or 3 does not exert a noticeable influence on ovarian function during the aging process. Sestrin1, 2, and 3 are not essential for female fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taojun Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Provincial Obstetrical and Gynecological Disease (Reproductive Medicine) Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Ragupathi A, Kim C, Jacinto E. The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks. Biochem J 2024; 481:45-91. [PMID: 38270460 PMCID: PMC10903481 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, controls cell metabolism in response to growth signals and stress stimuli. The cellular functions of mTOR are mediated by two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Rapamycin and its analogs are currently used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases and have been instrumental in delineating the functions of its direct target, mTORC1. Despite the lack of a specific mTORC2 inhibitor, genetic studies that disrupt mTORC2 expression unravel the functions of this more elusive mTOR complex. Like mTORC1 which responds to growth signals, mTORC2 is also activated by anabolic signals but is additionally triggered by stress. mTORC2 mediates signals from growth factor receptors and G-protein coupled receptors. How stress conditions such as nutrient limitation modulate mTORC2 activation to allow metabolic reprogramming and ensure cell survival remains poorly understood. A variety of downstream effectors of mTORC2 have been identified but the most well-characterized mTORC2 substrates include Akt, PKC, and SGK, which are members of the AGC protein kinase family. Here, we review how mTORC2 is regulated by cellular stimuli including how compartmentalization and modulation of complex components affect mTORC2 signaling. We elaborate on how phosphorylation of its substrates, particularly the AGC kinases, mediates its diverse functions in growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We discuss other signaling and metabolic components that cross-talk with mTORC2 and the cellular output of these signals. Lastly, we consider how to more effectively target the mTORC2 pathway to treat diseases that have deregulated mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ragupathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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Kaur P, Dey A, Rawat K, Dey S. Novel antioxidant protein target therapy to counter the prevalence and severity of SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1241313. [PMID: 38235136 PMCID: PMC10791803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This review analyzed the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic globally and in India and the measures to counter its effect using natural and innate immune booster molecules. The study focuses on two phases: the first focuses on the magnitude, and the second on the effect of antioxidants (natural compounds) on SARS-CoV-2. Methods The magnitude of the prevalence, mortality, and comorbidities was acquired from the World Health Organization (WHO) report, media, a report from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), newspapers, and the National Centre of Disease Control (NCDC). Research articles from PubMed as well as other sites/journals and databases were accessed to gather literature on the effect of antioxidants. Results In the elderly and any chronic diseases, the declined level of antioxidant molecules enhanced the reactive oxygen species, which in turn deprived the immune system. Conclusion Innate antioxidant proteins like sirtuin and sestrin play a vital role in enhancing immunity. Herbal products and holistic approaches can also be alternative solutions for everyday life to boost the immune system by improving the redox balance in COVID-19 attack. This review analyzed the counteractive effect of alternative therapy to boost the immune system against the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Dey
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, New Delhi, India
| | - Kartik Rawat
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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10
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Dai G, Li M, Xu H, Quan N. Status of Research on Sestrin2 and Prospects for its Application in Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Myocardial Aging. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101910. [PMID: 37422038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is accompanied by changes in the heart at the cellular and molecular levels, leading to alterations in cardiac structure and function. Given today's increasingly aging population, the decline in cardiac function caused by cardiac aging has a significant impact on quality of life. Antiaging therapies to slow the aging process and attenuate changes in cardiac structure and function have become an important research topic. Treatment with drugs, including metformin, spermidine, rapamycin, resveratrol, astaxanthin, Huolisu oral liquid, and sulforaphane, has been demonstrated be effective in delaying cardiac aging by stimulating autophagy, delaying ventricular remodeling, and reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Furthermore, caloric restriction has been shown to play an important role in delaying aging of the heart. Many studies in cardiac aging and cardiac aging-related models have demonstrated that Sestrin2 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulates autophagy, delays aging, regulates mitochondrial function, and inhibits myocardial remodeling by regulation of relevant signaling pathways. Therefore, Sestrin2 is likely to become an important target for antimyocardial aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Infection Control, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Yang X, Huang Y, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Resistance exercise alleviates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via Sestrin2/MSTN pathway in C57BL/6J mice. Exp Cell Res 2023; 432:113779. [PMID: 37709247 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM It has long been recognized that resistance exercise can substantially increase skeletal muscle mass and strength, but whether it can protect against glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and its potential mechanism is yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of resistance exercise in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and elucidate the possible function of exercise-induced protein Sestrin2 in this process. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice carried out the incremental mouse ladder exercise for 11 weeks. Two weeks before the end of the intervention, mice were daily intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone. Body composition, muscle mass, and exercise performance were examined to evaluate muscle atrophy. In vitro, C2C12 cells were used for RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence experiments to elucidate the potential mechanism. RESULTS Our results showed that long-term resistance exercise is an effective intervention for dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. We also found that Sestrin2 plays a vital role in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. In both animal (P = .0006) and cell models (P = .0266), dexamethasone intervention significantly reduced the protein expression of Sestrin2, which was increased (P = .0112) by resistance exercise. Inversely, overexpression of Sestrin2 improved (P < .0001) dexamethasone-induced myotube cell atrophy by reducing the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via inhibiting Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) and myostatin (MSTN)/small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results indicated that Sestrin2 may serve as an effective molecule that mimics the protective effect of resistance exercise on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuege Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yating Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Gressler AE, Leng H, Zinecker H, Simon AK. Proteostasis in T cell aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101838. [PMID: 37708826 PMCID: PMC10804938 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to a decline in immune cell function, which leaves the organism vulnerable to infections and age-related multimorbidities. One major player of the adaptive immune response are T cells, and recent studies argue for a major role of disturbed proteostasis contributing to reduced function of these cells upon aging. Proteostasis refers to the state of a healthy, balanced proteome in the cell and is influenced by synthesis (translation), maintenance and quality control of proteins, as well as degradation of damaged or unwanted proteins by the proteasome, autophagy, lysosome and cytoplasmic enzymes. This review focuses on molecular processes impacting on proteostasis in T cells, and specifically functional or quantitative changes of each of these upon aging. Importantly, we describe the biological consequences of compromised proteostasis in T cells, which range from impaired T cell activation and function to enhancement of inflamm-aging by aged T cells. Finally, approaches to improve proteostasis and thus rejuvenate aged T cells through pharmacological or physical interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elisabeth Gressler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Houfu Leng
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heidi Zinecker
- Ascenion GmbH, Am Zirkus 1, Bertold-Brecht-Platz 3, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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13
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Zheng M, Liu M, Zhang C. Melatonin Ameliorates Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) through SESN2 Regulated Antiapoptosis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2023; 2023:1121227. [PMID: 37937274 PMCID: PMC10626722 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most severe complications after ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Melatonin is an important antioxidant factor in female reproduction and Sestrin-2 (SESN2) is reported to be involved in cellular response to different stress conditions. Whether or not melatonin and SESN2 are involved in OHSS is still a question to us clinicians. Methods and Results We collected the granulosa cells of OHSS patients and focused on the role of SESN2 in OHSS. We also studied the role and mechanism of melatonin plays in OHSS patients. We found that the expression of SESN2 was increased in the granulosa cells of OHSS patients (n = 24) than those in controls (n = 15). Incubation with angiotensin II (1 μM, 2 μM) in HUVECs and H2O2 (0.1 mM, 0.2 mM) in KGNs increased the generation of ROS concurrent with the increased expression of SESN2, while melatonin treatment partly restored SESN2 levels. The mechanism study demonstrated that SESN2 was deeply involved in the regulation of AMPK and mTOR, whereas melatonin partially restored angiotensin II or H2O2 induced the activation of AMPK phosphorylation and the inhibition of mTOR, 4EBP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation, all of which could trigger cell apoptosis. Conclusions These findings indicated that melatonin attenuated ROS-induced apoptosis through SESN2-AMPK-mTOR in OHSS. Thus, melatonin is likely to be a potential and important therapeutic agent for treating and preventing OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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14
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Sousa JN, Queiroz LDRP, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Lescano CH, Aguilar CM, Pires de Oliveira I, Santos SHS. Gallic acid as a Sestrin (SESN2) activator and potential obesity therapeutic agent: A molecular docking study. Gene 2023; 883:147683. [PMID: 37536400 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins (SESNs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins among mammals. They have several body homeostatic functions such as antioxidant, metabolic, and anti-aging, and are required to regenerate hyperoxidized forms of peroxiredoxins and reactive oxygen species. Sestrin 2 has been studied as a therapeutic agent in obesity treatment. Gallic acid (GA) is a triphenolic compound with beneficial biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant effects. Recent studies demonstrated the GA's ability to reduce body weight gain and improve glycemic parameters. In this sense, the present study aims to investigate the GA activating potential of Sestrin using the molecular docking method. The 3D structure of gallic acid was retrieved from the NCBI PubChem database and the chemical structure of the Sestrin2 protein from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (5DJ4). The docking calculus was performed via UCSF Chimera and AutoDock Vinaprograms. The results showed that amino acids Arg390, Glu451, Trp444, Thr386, Arg448, Thr374, Tyr375, Asn376, Thr377, Leu389, His454, Ser450, His86, and Val455 are very important for GA stabilization, resembling the interactions that permit Leucine to activate SESN2. In this context, the obesity therapeutic property of GA can be understood from a Sestrin activating process through amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dos Reis Pereira Queiroz
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Honaiser Lescano
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Charles Martins Aguilar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivan Pires de Oliveira
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, UniversidadeEstadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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15
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Livneh I, Cohen-Kaplan V, Fabre B, Abramovitch I, Lulu C, Nataraj NB, Lazar I, Ziv T, Yarden Y, Zohar Y, Gottlieb E, Ciechanover A. Regulation of nucleo-cytosolic 26S proteasome translocation by aromatic amino acids via mTOR is essential for cell survival under stress. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3333-3346.e5. [PMID: 37738964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is responsible for removal of ubiquitinated proteins. Although several aspects of its regulation (e.g., assembly, composition, and post-translational modifications) have been unraveled, studying its adaptive compartmentalization in response to stress is just starting to emerge. We found that following amino acid starvation, the proteasome is translocated from its large nuclear pool to the cytoplasm-a response regulated by newly identified mTOR-agonistic amino acids-Tyr, Trp, and Phe (YWF). YWF relay their signal upstream of mTOR through Sestrin3 by disrupting its interaction with the GATOR2 complex. The triad activates mTOR toward its downstream substrates p62 and transcription factor EB (TFEB), affecting both proteasomal and autophagic activities. Proteasome translocation stimulates cytosolic proteolysis which replenishes amino acids, thus enabling cell survival. In contrast, nuclear sequestration of the proteasome following mTOR activation by YWF inhibits this proteolytic adaptive mechanism, leading to cell death, which establishes this newly identified pathway as a key stress-coping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Livneh
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Institute of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Victoria Cohen-Kaplan
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ifat Abramovitch
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Chen Lulu
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | | | - Ikrame Lazar
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomic Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Institute of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
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16
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Socha C, Pais IS, Lee KZ, Liu J, Liégeois S, Lestradet M, Ferrandon D. Fast drosophila enterocyte regrowth after infection involves a reverse metabolic flux driven by an amino acid transporter. iScience 2023; 26:107490. [PMID: 37636057 PMCID: PMC10448536 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to a bacterial pore-forming toxin, enterocytes rapidly purge their apical cytoplasm into the gut lumen, resulting in a thin intestinal epithelium. The enterocytes regain their original shape and thickness within 16 h after the ingestion of the bacteria. Here, we show that the regrowth of Drosophila enterocytes entails an inversion of metabolic fluxes from the organism back toward the intestine. We identify a proton-assisted transporter, Arcus, that is required for the reverse absorption of amino acids and the timely recovery of the intestinal epithelium. Arcus is required for a peak of amino acids appearing in the hemolymph shortly after infection. The regrowth of enterocytes involves the insulin signaling pathway and Myc. The purge decreases Myc mRNA levels, which subsequently remain at low levels in the arcus mutant. Interestingly, the action of arcus and Myc in the intestinal epithelium is not cell-autonomous, suggesting amino acid fluxes within the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Socha
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, RIDI UPR 9022, F67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Inês S. Pais
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, RIDI UPR 9022, F67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kwang-Zin Lee
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, RIDI UPR 9022, F67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Samuel Liégeois
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, RIDI UPR 9022, F67084 Strasbourg, France
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Matthieu Lestradet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, RIDI UPR 9022, F67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Ferrandon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, RIDI UPR 9022, F67084 Strasbourg, France
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Tao H, Liu Q, Zeng A, Song L. Unlocking the potential of Mesenchymal stem cells in liver Fibrosis: Insights into the impact of autophagy and aging. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110497. [PMID: 37329808 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by extracellular matrix protein accumulation, potentially leading to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver cell damage, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis due to various reasons induce liver fibrosis. Although several treatments, such as antiviral drugs and immunosuppressive therapies, are available for liver fibrosis, they only provide limited efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising therapeutic option for liver fibrosis, because they can modulate the immune response, promote liver regeneration, and inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells that contribute to disease development. Recent studies have suggested that the mechanisms through which MSCs gain their antifibrotic properties involve autophagy and senescence. Autophagy, a vital cellular self-degradation process, is critical for maintaining homeostasis and protecting against nutritional, metabolic, and infection-mediated stress. The therapeutic effects of MSCs depend on appropriate autophagy levels, which can improve the fibrotic process. Nonetheless, aging-related autophagic damage is associated with a decline in MSC number and function, which play a crucial role in liver fibrosis development. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of autophagy and senescence in MSC-based liver fibrosis treatment, presenting the key findings from relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Qianglin Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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18
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Wang G, Qin S, Geng H, Zheng Y, Li R, Xia C, Chen L, Yao J, Deng L. Resveratrol Promotes Gluconeogenesis by Inhibiting SESN2-mTORC2-AKT Pathway in Calf Hepatocytes. J Nutr 2023; 153:1930-1943. [PMID: 37182694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucose requirement of dairy cows is mainly met by increasing the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, due to negative energy balance, the liver of periparturient cows is under oxidative stress induced by lipid over-mobilization, and hepatic gluconeogenesis is reduced. Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol, which is widely known for its antioxidant properties, can alter hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, it is not clear whether resveratrol could regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis by its antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the precise effect of resveratrol in hepatic gluconeogenesis, the role of resveratrol on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes and the potential mechanism using primary hepatocytes. METHODS Primary hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy Holstein calves (1 d old, 30 to 40 kg, fasted) and treated with different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 5, 10, 25, or 50 μM) combined with or without H2O2 (0, 100, or 200 μM) induction for 12 h. RESULTS Resveratrol enhanced the expression of gluconeogenic genes of calf hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conversely, H2O2 suppressed the expression of gluconeogenic genes and induced oxidative stress (P < 0.05), which was improved by resveratrol in calf hepatocytes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-AKT pathway was found to negatively regulate gluconeogenesis. An AKT inhibitor was used to assess the role of the mTORC2-AKT pathway in the effects of resveratrol. The results showed resveratrol promoted hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the mTORC2-AKT pathway. Moreover, sestrin 2 (SESN2) upregulated the activity of mTORC2. We further found that resveratrol decreased SESN2 levels (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that resveratrol enhances the gluconeogenic capacity of calf hepatocytes by improving H2O2-induced oxidative stress and modulating the activity of the SESN2-mTORC2-AKT pathway, implying that resveratrol may be a promising target for ameliorating liver oxidative stress in transition cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoYan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - SenLin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - HuiJun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yining Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongnuo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - JunHu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Liu S, Li H, Zhang Y, Song H, Fu L. Exercise ameliorates chronic inflammatory response induced by high-fat diet via Sestrin2 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166792. [PMID: 37336368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to the development of metabolic disorders and is commonly seen in studies of diet-induced obesity in humans and rodents. Exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, though the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood. Sestrins and Nrf2 are of interest to researchers as they are known to protect against inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we aim to explore the interconnection between Sestrin2 (SESN2) and Nrf2 and their roles in exercise benefits on chronic inflammation. Our data showed that SESN2 knockout aggravated the abnormalities of body weight, fat mass, and serum lipid that were induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), and a concomitant increase of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in both serum and skeletal muscle. Notably, exercise was found to reverse these changes, and SESN2 was found to be necessary for exercise to reduce the inflammatory response in skeletal muscles, though not in serum. Immunoprecipitation and bioinformatics prediction experiments further revealed that SESN2 directly binds to Nrf2, indicating a protein-protein interaction between the two. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that SESN2 protein is necessary for exercise-induced effects on Nrf2 pathway in HFD-fed mice, and Nrf2 protein is necessary to enable SESN2 to reduce the inflammation caused by palmitic acid (PA)+ oleic acid (OA) treatment in vitro. Our findings indicate that exercise mitigates chronic inflammation induced by HFD through SESN2 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism whereby the SESN2/Nrf2 pathway mediates the positive impact of exercise on chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Physical Education, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hualong Song
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Liu Y, Ji X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhang J. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; Molecular mechanisms and prevention. Microvasc Res 2023:104565. [PMID: 37307911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. Among cardiovascular disorders, myocardial infarction remains a life-threatening problem predisposing to the development and progression of ischemic heart failure. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical cause of myocardial injury. In recent decades, many efforts have been made to find the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of myocardial I/R injury and post-ischemic remodeling. Some of these mechanisms are mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations, inflammation, high production of ROS, and autophagy deregulation. Despite continuous efforts, myocardial I/R injury remains a major challenge in medical treatments of thrombolytic therapy, heart disease, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary arterial bypass grafting. The development of effective therapeutic strategies to reduce or prevent myocardial I/R injury is of great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Integrative, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China; First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
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22
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Galasso L, Cappella A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Ciorciari A, Stacchiotti A, Montaruli A. Polyamines and Physical Activity in Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9798. [PMID: 37372945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysregulation is commonplace in the pathogenesis of several invalidating diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases. Polyamines, as spermidine and spermine, are small aliphatic cations essential for cell growth and differentiation, with multiple antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Remarkably, they are emerging as natural autophagy regulators with strong anti-aging effects. Polyamine levels were significantly altered in the skeletal muscles of aged animals. Therefore, supplementation of spermine and spermidine may be important to prevent or treat muscle atrophy. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicate that spermidine reverses dysfunctional autophagy and stimulates mitophagy in muscles and heart, preventing senescence. Physical exercise, as polyamines, regulates skeletal muscle mass inducing proper autophagy and mitophagy. This narrative review focuses on the latest evidence regarding the efficacy of polyamines and exercise as autophagy inducers, alone or coupled, in alleviating sarcopenia and aging-dependent musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive description of overall autophagic steps in muscle, polyamine metabolic pathways, and effects of the role of autophagy inducers played by both polyamines and exercise has been presented. Although literature shows few data in regard to this controversial topic, interesting effects on muscle atrophy in murine models have emerged when the two "autophagy-inducers" were combined. We hope these findings, with caution, can encourage researchers to continue investigating in this direction. In particular, if these novel insights could be confirmed in further in vivo and clinical studies, and the two synergic treatments could be optimized in terms of dose and duration, then polyamine supplementation and physical exercise might have a clinical potential in sarcopenia, and more importantly, implications for a healthy lifestyle in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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23
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Wang K, Shen K, Han F, Bai X, Fang Z, Jia Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Cai W, Wang X, Luo L, Guo K, Wang H, Yang X, Wang H, Hu D. Activation of Sestrin2 accelerates deep second-degree burn wound healing through PI3K/AKT pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109645. [PMID: 37225009 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Deep second-degree burns heal slowly, and promoting the healing process is a focus of clinical research. Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible protein with antioxidant and metabolic regulatory effects. However, its role during acute dermal and epidermal re-epithelialization in deep second-degree burns is unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of sestrin2 in deep second-degree burns as a potential treatment target for burn wounds. To explore the effects of sestrin2 on burn wound healing, we established a deep second-degree burn mouse model. Then we detected the expression of sestrin2 by western blot and immunohistochemistry after obtaining the wound margin of full-thickness burned skin. The effects of sestrin2 on burn wound healing were explored in vivo and in vitro through interfering sestrin2 expression using siRNAs or the small molecule agonist of sestrin2, eupatilin. We also investigated the molecular mechanism of sestrin2 in promoting burn wound healing by western blot and CCK-8 assay. Our in vivo and in vitro deep second-degree burn wound healing model demonstrated that sestrin2 was promptly induced at murine skin wound edges. The small molecule agonist of sestrin2 accelerated the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, as well as burn wound healing. Conversely, the healing of burn wounds was delayed in sestrin2-deficient mice and was accompanied by the secretion of inflammatory cytokines as well as the suppression of keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, sestrin2 promoted the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway abrogated the promoting role of sestrin2 in keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Therefore, sestrin2 plays a critical role in activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote keratinocyte proliferation and migration, as well as re-epithelialization in the process of deep second-degree burn wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaozhi Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhuoqun Fang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Weixia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xujie Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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24
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Hwang I, Kim M. Muscular Sestrins: Roles in Exercise Physiology and Stress Resistance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:722. [PMID: 37238592 PMCID: PMC10216764 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are a family of stress-inducible proteins that are critical for stress adaptation and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. High expression of Sestrins is observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues, suggesting their significance in the physiological homeostasis of these organs. Furthermore, expression of Sestrins is dynamically controlled in the tissues, based on the level of physical activity and the presence or absence of stress insults. Genetic studies in model organisms have shown that muscular Sestrin expression is critical for metabolic homeostasis, exercise adaptation, stress resistance, and repair and may mediate the beneficial effects of some available therapeutics. The current minireview summarizes and discusses recent findings that shed light on the role of Sestrins in regulating muscle physiology and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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25
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Li M, Thorne RF, Wang R, Cao L, Cheng F, Sun X, Wu M, Ma J, Liu L. Sestrin2-mediated disassembly of stress granules dampens aerobic glycolysis to overcome glucose starvation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:127. [PMID: 37059726 PMCID: PMC10103035 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are a small gene family of pleiotropic factors whose actions promote cell adaptation to a range of stress conditions. In this report we disclose the selective role of Sestrin2 (SESN2) in dampening aerobic glycolysis to adapt to limiting glucose conditions. Removal of glucose from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells inhibits glycolysis associated with the downregulation of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2). Moreover, the accompanying upregulation of SESN2 through an NRF2/ATF4-dependent mechanism plays a direct role in HK2 regulation by destabilizing HK2 mRNA. We show SESN2 competes with insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) for binding with the 3'-UTR region of HK2 mRNA. Interactions between IGF2BP3 and HK2 mRNA result in their coalescence into stress granules via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a process which serves to stabilize HK2 mRNA. Conversely, the enhanced expression and cytoplasmic localization of SESN2 under glucose deprivation conditions favors the downregulation of HK2 levels via decreases in the half-life of HK2 mRNA. The resulting dampening of glucose uptake and glycolytic flux inhibits cell proliferation and protect cells from glucose starvation-induced apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our findings reveal an intrinsic survival mechanism allowing cancer cells to overcome chronic glucose shortages, also providing new mechanistic insights into SESN2 as an RNA-binding protein with a role in reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rick Francis Thorne
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Leixi Cao
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuedan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Translational Research Institute of People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450053, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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26
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Chen Z, Wang F, Zhang W, Zhou S, Wen D, Mu R. Polysaccharides from Bletilla striata protect against mercury-induced gastrointestinal toxicology in adult Drosophila melanogaster via modulation of sestrin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114693. [PMID: 36848760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress was one of the major causes of heavy metal-induced toxicity in organisms. The polysaccharide from Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae) (BSP) has been recently recognized as a novel player in the management of oxidative stress response in organisms. Here, we took the midgut of adult Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (D. melanogaster), a functional equivalent to the mammalian intestine and stomach, as a model to evaluate the protective effects of BSP (50 μg/mL) on mercuric chloride-induced gastrointestinal toxicology in insects. As a result, BSP exposure significantly improved the survival rates and climbing ability of adult flies exposed to mercury. Further study demonstrated that BSP significantly alleviated the mercury-induced oxidative injury to midgut epithelium, at least partly, through increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase), decreasing reactive oxidative species production, inhibiting cell death, restoring intestinal epithelial barrier and regulating intestinal stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration. Additionally, sestrin, an oxidative-stress gene, was required in mediating the protection of BSP against mercury-induced oxidative damage to midgut. This study suggested that BSP has great potential for future application in the treatment and prevention of heavy metal-induced gastrointestinal adversities in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Fen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
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27
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Sestrin2 as a Protective Shield against Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054880. [PMID: 36902310 PMCID: PMC10003517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A timely and adequate response to stress is inherently present in each cell and is important for maintaining the proper functioning of the cell in changing intracellular and extracellular environments. Disruptions in the functioning or coordination of defense mechanisms against cellular stress can reduce the tolerance of cells to stress and lead to the development of various pathologies. Aging also reduces the effectiveness of these defense mechanisms and results in the accumulation of cellular lesions leading to senescence or death of the cells. Endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes are particularly exposed to changing environments. Pathologies related to metabolism and dynamics of caloric intake, hemodynamics, and oxygenation, such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, can overwhelm endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes with cellular stress to produce cardiovascular disease. The ability to cope with stress depends on the expression of endogenous stress-inducible molecules. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is an evolutionary conserved stress-inducible cytoprotective protein whose expression is increased in response to and defend against different types of cellular stress. SESN2 fights back the stress by increasing the supply of antioxidants, temporarily holding the stressful anabolic reactions, and increasing autophagy while maintaining the growth factor and insulin signaling. If the stress and the damage are beyond repair, SESN2 can serve as a safety valve to signal apoptosis. The expression of SESN2 decreases with age and its levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and many age-related pathologies. Maintaining sufficient levels or activity of SESN2 can in principle prevent the cardiovascular system from aging and disease.
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28
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Xu X, Talifu Z, Zhang CJ, Gao F, Ke H, Pan YZ, Gong H, Du HY, Yu Y, Jing YL, Du LJ, Li JJ, Yang DG. Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1099143. [PMID: 36937344 PMCID: PMC10020380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1099143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to loss of innervation of skeletal muscle, decreased motor function, and significantly reduced load on skeletal muscle, resulting in atrophy. Factors such as braking, hormone level fluctuation, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage accelerate skeletal muscle atrophy. The atrophy process can result in skeletal muscle cell apoptosis, protein degradation, fat deposition, and other pathophysiological changes. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only hinders the recovery of motor function but is also closely related to many systemic dysfunctions, affecting the prognosis of patients with spinal cord injury. Extensive research on the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy and intervention at the molecular level has shown that inflammation and oxidative stress injury are the main mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and that multiple pathways are involved. These may become targets of future clinical intervention. However, most of the experimental studies are still at the basic research stage and still have some limitations in clinical application, and most of the clinical treatments are focused on rehabilitation training, so how to develop more efficient interventions in clinical treatment still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review focuses mainly on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and summarizes the cytokines and signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in recent studies, hoping to provide new therapeutic ideas for future clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Jia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Li Jing
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Jie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Jun Li
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- De-Gang Yang
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Jeong H, Lee YH, Sayed AEDH, Jeong CB, Zhou B, Lee JS, Byeon E. Short- and long-term single and combined effects of microplastics and chromium on the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106348. [PMID: 36356355 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the individual and combined effects of microplastics (MPs) and chromium (Cr) on the freshwater water flea Daphnia magna by measuring mortality, bioaccumulation, antioxidative response, multixenobiotic resistance activity, and sestrin-related mitochondrial biogenesis in short-term assays and in vivo endpoints including reproduction and adult survival rate in long-term assays. Exposure to MPs, Cr, and their combination caused significant deleterious effects and acute toxicity in D. magna. Alterations in oxidative stress occurred in the groups treated with MPs and Cr alone and together. However, upon co-exposure to MPs, the Cr concentration, measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, decreased, suggesting that MPs and Cr interact with each other. Based on enzymatic activities, we noted a decrease in MP egestion via inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity in the MP-exposed groups, and multidrug resistance-associated protein activity increased in some of the MP-exposed animals depending on Cr concentration. On the other hand, MP exposure seemed to lead to mitochondrial transcription dysfunction induced by Cr via sestrin-related mitochondrial biogenesis. Overall, these results indicate that co-exposure to MPs and Cr causes acute toxicity in D. magna but lacks the chronic toxicity (21 days) and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Cr exposure alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | | | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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30
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Singh A, Agrawal N. Progressive transcriptional changes in metabolic genes and altered fatbody homeostasis in Drosophila model of Huntington's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2783-2792. [PMID: 36121619 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive neuronal atrophy, particularly in striatum and cerebral cortex. Although predominant manifestations of the disease include loss in the triad of motor, cognitive and behavioral capabilities, metabolic dysfunction in patients and HD models are being increasingly recognized. Patients display progressive body weight loss, which aggravates the disease and leads to cachexia in the terminal stages. Using the Drosophila model of HD, we have earlier reported that diseased flies exhibit an atypical pattern of lipid gain and loss with progression along with exhibiting extensive mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired calcium homeostasis and heightened apoptosis in the fatbody. Here, we first monitored the structural changes that abdominal fatbody undergoes with disease progression. Further, we checked the transcriptional changes of key metabolic genes in whole fly as well as genes regulating mitochondrial function, apoptosis, autophagy and calcium homeostasis in the abdominal fatbody. We found extensive alterations in whole-body and fatbody-specific transcriptional profile of the diseased flies, which was in consort with their stage-specific physiological state. Additionally, we also assessed lysosome-mediated autophagy in the fatbody of diseased flies in order to ascertain the mechanisms contributing to fatbody atrophy at the terminal stage. Interestingly, we found elevated autophagy in fatbody of flies throughout disease progression. This study provides new insights into the effect on peripheral metabolism due to degeneration of neurons in the neurodegenerative disease, thereby discerns novel mechanisms leading to cachexia in diseased flies and advocates for the need of managing metabolic dysfunctions in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, 110007, New Delhi, India.
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31
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Autophagy in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205072. [PMID: 36291856 PMCID: PMC9600546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a dynamic and tightly regulated process that seems to have dual effects in cancer. In some contexts, it can induce carcinogenesis and promote cancer cell survival, whereas in others, it acts preventing tumor cell growth and tumor progression. Thus, autophagy functions seem to strictly depend on cancer ontogenesis, progression, and type. Here, we will dive into the current knowledge of autophagy in hematological malignancies and will highlight the main genetic components involved in each cancer type. Abstract Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic pathway via which unwanted intracellular materials, such as unfolded proteins or damaged organelles, are digested. It is activated in response to conditions of oxidative stress or starvation, and is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and other vital functions, such as differentiation, cell death, and the cell cycle. Therefore, autophagy plays an important role in the initiation and progression of tumors, including hematological malignancies, where damaged autophagy during hematopoiesis can cause malignant transformation and increase cell proliferation. Over the last decade, the importance of autophagy in response to standard pharmacological treatment of hematological tumors has been observed, revealing completely opposite roles depending on the tumor type and stage. Thus, autophagy can promote tumor survival by attenuating the cellular damage caused by drugs and/or stabilizing oncogenic proteins, but can also have an antitumoral effect due to autophagic cell death. Therefore, autophagy-based strategies must depend on the context to create specific and safe combination therapies that could contribute to improved clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the process of autophagy and its role on hematopoiesis, and we highlight recent research investigating its role as a potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. The findings suggest that genetic variants within autophagy-related genes modulate the risk of developing hemopathies, as well as patient survival.
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Cho CS, Kim Y, Park SR, Kim B, Davis C, Hwang I, Brooks SV, Lee JH, Kim M. Simultaneous loss of TSC1 and DEPDC5 in skeletal and cardiac muscles produces early-onset myopathy and cardiac dysfunction associated with oxidative damage and SQSTM1/p62 accumulation. Autophagy 2022; 18:2303-2322. [PMID: 34964695 PMCID: PMC9542799 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2016255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
By promoting anabolism, MTORC1 is critical for muscle growth and maintenance. However, genetic MTORC1 upregulation promotes muscle aging and produces age-associated myopathy. Whether MTORC1 activation is sufficient to produce myopathy or indirectly promotes it by accelerating tissue aging is elusive. Here we examined the effects of muscular MTORC1 hyperactivation, produced by simultaneous depletion of TSC1 and DEPDC5 (CKM-TD). CKM-TD mice produced myopathy, associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and force, as well as cardiac failure and bradypnea. These pathologies were manifested at eight weeks of age, leading to a highly penetrant fatality at around twelve weeks of age. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes mediating proteasomal and macroautophagic/autophagic pathways were highly upregulated in CKM-TD skeletal muscle, in addition to inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage signaling pathways. In CKM-TD muscle, autophagosome levels were increased, and the AMPK and ULK1 pathways were activated; in addition, autophagy induction was not completely blocked in CKM-TD myotubes. Despite the upregulation of autolysosomal markers, CKM-TD myofibers exhibited accumulation of autophagy substrates, such as SQSTM1/p62 and ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting that the autophagic activities were insufficient. Administration of a superoxide scavenger, tempol, normalized most of these molecular pathologies and subsequently restored muscle histology and force generation. However, CKM-TD autophagy alterations were not normalized by rapamycin or tempol, suggesting that they may involve non-canonical targets other than MTORC1. These results collectively indicate that the concomitant muscle deficiency of TSC1 and DEPDC5 can produce early-onset myopathy through accumulation of oxidative stress, which dysregulates myocellular homeostasis.Abbreviations: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CKM: creatine kinase, M-type; COX: cytochrome oxidase; DEPDC5: DEP domain containing 5, GATOR1 subcomplex subunit; DHE: dihydroethidium; EDL: extensor digitorum longus; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; GAP: GTPase-activating protein; GTN: gastrocnemius; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PLA: plantaris; QUAD: quadriceps; RPS6KB/S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta; SDH: succinate dehydrogenase; SOL: soleus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TA: tibialis anterior; TSC1: TSC complex subunit 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Seok Cho
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yongsung Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sung-Rye Park
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Boyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carol Davis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Irene Hwang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Susan V. Brooks
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,CONTACT Jun Hee Lee Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA,Myungjin Kim
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Ogienko AA, Omelina ES, Bylino OV, Batin MA, Georgiev PG, Pindyurin AV. Drosophila as a Model Organism to Study Basic Mechanisms of Longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911244. [PMID: 36232546 PMCID: PMC9569508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression determines the fate and function of various cells and tissues and, as a consequence, the correct development and functioning of complex organisms. Certain mechanisms of gene activity regulation provide adequate cell responses to changes in environmental factors. Aside from gene expression disorders that lead to various pathologies, alterations of expression of particular genes were shown to significantly decrease or increase the lifespan in a wide range of organisms from yeast to human. Drosophila fruit fly is an ideal model system to explore mechanisms of longevity and aging due to low cost, easy handling and maintenance, large number of progeny per adult, short life cycle and lifespan, relatively low number of paralogous genes, high evolutionary conservation of epigenetic mechanisms and signalling pathways, and availability of a wide range of tools to modulate gene expression in vivo. Here, we focus on the organization of the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways whose components significantly influence the aging process and on the interconnections of these pathways with gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ogienko
- Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S. Omelina
- Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Bylino
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Batin
- Open Longevity, 15260 Ventura Blvd., Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, CA 91403, USA
| | - Pavel G. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Pindyurin
- Department of Regulation of Genetic Processes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-90-42
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Serum Sestrin2 Was Lower in Septic Shock Patients with Cardiomyopathy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1390373. [PMID: 36092963 PMCID: PMC9458382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1390373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background To determine the clinical significance of variations in serum sestrin2 protein levels in the development of septic cardiomyopathy in septic shock patients. Methods The serum sestrin2 concentrations of each sample were determined using ELISA in a total of 67 control persons and 188 patients with septic shock. Furthermore, using transthoracic echocardiography, septic shock patients were split into two groups based on whether or not cardiomyopathy had developed, and the differences in each index between the two groups were analyzed. We looked at the relationship between serum sestrin2 levels, norepinephrine dosage, and NTproBNP levels. The influencing variables for the prediction of septic cardiomyopathy linked with the development of septic cardiomyopathy and clinical prognosis in septic cardiomyopathy were determined using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results Assessment of left ventricular systolic function by measurement of LVEF revealed that 61/188 (32.4%) of the 188 patients with septic shock included in the research satisfied the diagnostic criteria for septic cardiomyopathy. (1) Sestrin2 protein levels showed a significant difference between septic shock and healthy controls (p < 0.01). (2) Compared to the group without septic cardiomyopathy, the group with combined septic cardiomyopathy had lower serum sestrin2 protein levels (p < 0.05), lower systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), and higher plasma NTproBNP levels (p < 0.01) and used greater norepinephrine dosages (p < 0.01). The levels of serum sestrin2 protein revealed a little negative relationship with NTproBNP and norepinephrine dose. However, a binary logistic regression analysis revealed that none of these factors was an independent predictor of septic shock. (3) Age, lactate level, SOFA score, positive bacteremia, and sestrin2 protein were shown to be substantial discrepancies in clinical outcomes in patients with septic cardiomyopathy, becoming variables that impact clinical outcomes. Positive bacteremia (p = 0.031, OR = 5.084), SOFA score (p = 0.021, OR = 1.304), and sestrin2 protein (p = 0.039, OR = 0.897) were revealed to have independent influences in predicting clinical mortality outcome in septic cardiomyopathy using multivariate binary logistic regression. Conclusion High serum sestrin2 levels clearly distinguish septic shock patients from healthy controls, whereas low serum sestrin2 levels are related with cardiac dysfunction to some extent but are not an independent influence factor for septic cardiomyopathy. Low serum sestrin2 levels were shown to be useful in predicting clinical outcome in patients with septic cardiomyopathy.
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St-Cyr S, Child DD, Giaime E, Smith AR, Pascua CJ, Hahm S, Saiah E, Davidson BL. Huntington’s disease phenotypes are improved via mTORC1 modulation by small molecule therapy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273710. [PMID: 36037192 PMCID: PMC9423655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease for which the major causes of mortality are neurodegeneration-associated aspiration pneumonia followed by cardiac failure. mTORC1 pathway perturbations are present in HD models and human tissues. Amelioration of mTORC1 deficits by genetic modulation improves disease phenotypes in HD models, is not a viable therapeutic strategy. Here, we assessed a novel small molecule mTORC1 pathway activator, NV-5297, for its improvement of the disease phenotypes in the N171-82Q HD mouse model. Oral dosing of NV-5297 over 6 weeks activated mTORC1, increased striatal volume, improved motor learning and heart contractility. Further, the heart contractility, heart fibrosis, and survival were improved in response to the cardiac stressor isoprenaline when compared to vehicle-treated mice. Cummulatively, these data support mTORC1 activation as a therapeutic target in HD and consolidates NV-5297 as a promising drug candidate for treating central and peripheral HD phenotypes and, more generally, mTORC1-deficit related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie St-Cyr
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Daniel D. Child
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Emilie Giaime
- Navitor Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Alicia R. Smith
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Christine J. Pascua
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Seung Hahm
- Navitor Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Navitor Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BLD); (ES)
| | - Beverly L. Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BLD); (ES)
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Gu X, Jouandin P, Lalgudi PV, Binari R, Valenstein ML, Reid MA, Allen AE, Kamitaki N, Locasale JW, Perrimon N, Sabatini DM. Sestrin mediates detection of and adaptation to low-leucine diets in Drosophila. Nature 2022; 608:209-216. [PMID: 35859173 PMCID: PMC10112710 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to multiple nutrients, including the essential amino acid leucine1. Recent work in cultured mammalian cells established the Sestrins as leucine-binding proteins that inhibit mTORC1 signalling during leucine deprivation2,3, but their role in the organismal response to dietary leucine remains elusive. Here we find that Sestrin-null flies (Sesn-/-) fail to inhibit mTORC1 or activate autophagy after acute leucine starvation and have impaired development and a shortened lifespan on a low-leucine diet. Knock-in flies expressing a leucine-binding-deficient Sestrin mutant (SesnL431E) have reduced, leucine-insensitive mTORC1 activity. Notably, we find that flies can discriminate between food with or without leucine, and preferentially feed and lay progeny on leucine-containing food. This preference depends on Sestrin and its capacity to bind leucine. Leucine regulates mTORC1 activity in glial cells, and knockdown of Sesn in these cells reduces the ability of flies to detect leucine-free food. Thus, nutrient sensing by mTORC1 is necessary for flies not only to adapt to, but also to detect, a diet deficient in an essential nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick Jouandin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pranav V Lalgudi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rich Binari
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max L Valenstein
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annamarie E Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sestrin2 remedies podocyte injury via orchestrating TSP-1/TGF-β1/Smad3 axis in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:663. [PMID: 35908070 PMCID: PMC9338940 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is identified as a stress-induced protein and could functionate in many aspects. In our study, we investigated the latent impact of Sestrin2 on podocyte injury and its molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sestrin2 was low-expressed in renal biopsies from individuals with DKD, the glomeruli from diabetic mice, and mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG). Sestrin2 overexpression ameliorated HG-induced phenotypic alterations, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes and modulated the activity of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)/transforming growth factor (TGF-β1)/Smad3 pathway in podocytes. Moreover, TSP-1 inhibitor LSKL or TGF-β blocker Pirfenidone arrested podocyte injury induced by HG. Streptozotocin (STZ) was employed to render equivalent diabetes in B6-TgN (CMV-Sestrin2) (TgN) and wild-type (WT) control mice. Sestrin2 alleviated increased levels of 24-h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and triglyceride, and urine 8-OHdG in diabetic mice. Podocyte phenotypic alterations, increased expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and podocyte loss were observed in WT but not in diabetic TgN mice, as well as oxidative stress. Additionally, TSP-1/TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway was also suppressed in glomeruli of diabetic TgN mice. Thus, Sestrin2 mitigates podocyte injury in DKD via orchestrating TSP-1/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, underlining Sestrin2 as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Protein of SESTRIN2 in Cardioprotection Effect. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7439878. [PMID: 35937943 PMCID: PMC9355779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7439878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Because of the rich mitochondria and high energy metabolic requirements, excessive oxidative stress generated by ROS is a key pathogenic mechanism in heart disease. SESTRIN2, the well-known antioxidant protein, plays a vital role in diminishing the production and accumulation of ROS, thus sparing cells from oxidative damage. From this new perspective, we first examine SESTRIN2 structure-function relationships; then, we describe how SESTRIN2 expression is regulated under oxidative stress conditions, emphasizing SESTRIN2's antioxidant mechanism via multiple signal transductions; and finally, we discuss SESTRIN2's role in a variety of oxidative stress-related cardiac diseases, including age-related heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury, septic cardiomyopathy, and chronic cardiac insufficiency. The goal of this review is to identify the SESTRIN2 protein as a potential biomarker and new therapy target for oxidative stress-related cardiac diseases.
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González-Martos R, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Alcazar J, Ramirez-Castillejo C, Reihmane D, Menéndez-Rey A, González-Gross M, Guadalupe-Grau A. Circulating Sestrins and Force Velocity Profiling in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35876123 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in old age affects the musculoskeletal system causing loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Stress-inducible proteins named sestrins are potential novel biomarkers of muscle function due to their ability to suppress oxidative stress and prevent muscle degeneration. Our aim was to determine the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles with body composition, physical performance, and glucose control in older adults with T2DM. We also intended to determine the potential utility of sestrin 1 (Sesn1) and 2 (Sesn2) as biomarkers of physical functionality. Fifty-nine participants (69-79 years) were classified in 3 groups according to their F-V profile based on the leg press exercise: nondeficit (NDEF = 40.7%), force deficit (FDEF = 28.8%), and velocity deficit (VDEF = 30.5%). Both VDEF and FDEF groups showed lower muscle power than NDEF (Cohen's d 0.87 and 0.75 for effect size, respectively). Serum Sesn2 levels, maximal dynamic strength, arms and legs fat-free mass were reduced in FDEF compared to the NDEF group (p < 0.05), whereas glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose levels were similar among groups. ROC analysis revealed the distinction between the NDEF and FDEF group based on Sesn2 concentrations (<0.72 ng/mL), suggesting their potential use as functional biomarkers for early intervention through exercise. Older adults with T2DM show different F-V profiles, related to low levels of Sesn2, impaired body composition and physical performance, and may be taken into consideration to target exercise training in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Martos
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Cancer Stem Cell Research Group. Department of Biotechnology-Vegetal Biology. Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28223, Spain.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha. Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28040, Spain.,CIBER of Biomedical Research Networking Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha. Toledo, 45071, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII. Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramirez-Castillejo
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group. Department of Biotechnology-Vegetal Biology. Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Dace Reihmane
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University. Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Adrian Menéndez-Rey
- Cancer Stem Cell Research Group. Department of Biotechnology-Vegetal Biology. Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28040, Spain.,CIBER of Biomedical Research Networking Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Madrid, 28222, Spain
| | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid, 28040, Spain.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha. Toledo, 45071, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII. Madrid, 28222, Spain
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Yu TJ, Shiau JP, Tang JY, Yen CH, Hou MF, Cheng YB, Shu CW, Chang HW. Physapruin A Induces Reactive Oxygen Species to Trigger Cytoprotective Autophagy of Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071352. [PMID: 35883843 PMCID: PMC9311569 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physalis peruviana-derived physapruin A (PHA) is a potent compound that selectively generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cancer cell death. Autophagy, a cellular self-clearance pathway, can be induced by ROS and plays a dual role in cancer cell death. However, the role of autophagy in PHA-treated cancer cells is not understood. Our study initially showed that autophagy inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of PHA in breast cancer cell lines, including MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. PHA treatment decreased the p62 protein level and increased LC3-II flux. PHA increased the fluorescence intensity of DAPGreen and DALGreen, which are used to reflect the formation of autophagosome/autolysosome and autolysosome, respectively. ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreased PHA-elevated autophagy activity, implying that PHA-induced ROS may be required for autophagy induction in breast cancer cells. Moreover, the autophagy inhibitor increased ROS levels and enhanced PHA-elevated ROS levels, while NAC scavenges the produced ROS resulting from PHA and autophagy inhibitor. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor elevated the PHA-induced proportion of annexin V/7-aminoactinmycin D and cleavage of caspase-3/8/9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In contrast, NAC and apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocked the proportion of annexin V/7-aminoactinmycin D and the activation of caspases. Taken together, PHA induced ROS to promote autophagy, which might play an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic role in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-J.Y.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-P.S.); (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (T.-J.Y.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-P.S.); (M.-F.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5828) (C.-W.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.S.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5828) (C.-W.S.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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Lyu Y, Ge Y. Toward Elucidating Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cell Lineage Plasticity in Skin Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903904. [PMID: 35663405 PMCID: PMC9160930 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in human body, harboring a plethora of cell types and serving as the organismal barrier. Skin aging such as wrinkling and hair graying is graphically pronounced, and the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypic manifestations are beginning to unfold. As in many other organs and tissues, epigenetic and metabolic deregulations have emerged as key aging drivers. Particularly in the context of the skin epithelium, the epigenome and metabolome coordinately shape lineage plasticity and orchestrate stem cell function during aging. Our review discusses recent studies that proposed molecular mechanisms that drive the degeneration of hair follicles, a major appendage of the skin. By focusing on skin while comparing it to model organisms and adult stem cells of other tissues, we summarize literature on genotoxic stress, nutritional sensing, metabolic rewiring, mitochondrial activity, and epigenetic regulations of stem cell plasticity. Finally, we speculate about the rejuvenation potential of rate-limiting upstream signals during aging and the dominant role of the tissue microenvironment in dictating aged epithelial stem cell function.
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Sestrin2 overexpression attenuates osteoarthritis pain via induction of AMPK/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and suppression of neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:53-70. [PMID: 35151829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically involved in chronic pain. Sestrin2 (Sesn2), a novel stress-inducible protein, is evidenced to reduce the generation of ROS. The study examined the role of Sesn2 in osteoarthritis (OA) pain and delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the impact of Sesn2 on mitochondrial biogenesis in a rat model of OA pain. After adeno-associated viral (AAV)-Sesn2EGFP was injected for 14 days, OA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). We assessed pain behaviors (weight-bearing asymmetry and paw withdrawal threshold) and explored possible mechanisms in the L4-6 spinal cord. RESULTS Our results showed that overexpression of Sesn2 in the spinal cord alleviated pain behaviors in OA rats. Moreover, overexpression of Sesn2 increased the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and significantly restored mitochondrial biogenesis. Besides, Sesn2 overexpression inhibited the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and decreased the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal cord of the OA pain rats. These effects were significantly reversed by an AMPK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that Sesn2 overexpression ameliorates mechanical allodynia and weight-bearing asymmetry in OA rats via activation of AMPK/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in the spinal cord. Moreover, Sesn2 overexpression attenuates OA-induced neuroinflammation at least partly by activating AMPK signaling. Sesn2 may become an encouraging therapeutic strategy for OA pain relief and other disorders.
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Ding X, Zhao H, Qiao C. Icariin protects podocytes from NLRP3 activation by Sesn2-induced mitophagy through the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 axis in diabetic nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154005. [PMID: 35247669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid extract obtained from Herba epimedii that has been proven to exert multiple pharmacological activities, including antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative mechanism of ICA in diabetes mellitus rats and MPC-5 cells. METHODS We administered ICA at 3 different dosages (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg) to streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats and (1 μM, 3 μM, 10 μM) to high glucose (HG)-treated MPC-5 cells. We also chose irbesartan (IRB) (13.5 mg/kg in rats, 1 μM in cells) as a positive control drug to evaluate the ICA pharmacological effect. After administration, the kidneys of rats and MPC-5 cells were harvested for experiments. RESULTS After 8 weeks of oral administration, we found that the physiological index was improved by ICA and IRB. The results of immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and laser confocal imaging showed that mitophagy might play a key role in ICA-induced improvement. In further research, we found that ICA could activate Nrf2, suppress NLRP3 and degrade Keap1 via Sesn2-dependant mitophagy. To verify our hypothesis, we blocked the mitophagy signalling pathway via Sesn2 siRNA. The results showed that ICA-induced NLRP3 suppression and mitophagy vanished. CONCLUSION In summary, we conclude that ICA can increase Sesn2-induced mitophagy to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 axis in diabetic nephropathy rats. This might be the underlying mechanism of ICA's protective effect in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Anhui University of Science and Technology, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanzhen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Jamsheer K M, Jindal S, Sharma M, Awasthi P, S S, Sharma M, Mannully CT, Laxmi A. A negative feedback loop of TOR signaling balances growth and stress-response trade-offs in plants. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110631. [PMID: 35385724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR kinase is a central coordinator of nutrient-dependent growth in eukaryotes. Maintaining optimal TOR signaling is critical for the normal development of organisms. In this study, we describe a negative feedback loop of TOR signaling helping in the adaptability of plants in changing environmental conditions. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we show that the plant-specific zinc finger protein FLZ8 acts as a regulator of TOR signaling in Arabidopsis. In sugar sufficiency, TOR-dependent and -independent histone modifications upregulate the expression of FLZ8. FLZ8 negatively regulates TOR signaling by promoting antagonistic SnRK1α1 signaling and bridging the interaction of SnRK1α1 with RAPTOR1B, a crucial accessory protein of TOR. This negative feedback loop moderates the TOR-growth signaling axis in the favorable condition and helps in the activation of stress signaling in unfavorable conditions, establishing its importance in the adaptability of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Jamsheer K
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Sunita Jindal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakhar Awasthi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sreejath S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Manvi Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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The Interplay between Autophagy and Redox Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071203. [PMID: 35406767 PMCID: PMC8997791 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced at low levels under normal cellular metabolism act as important signal molecules. However, at increased production, they cause damage associated with oxidative stress, which can lead to the development of many diseases, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, diabetes, and cancer. The defense systems used to maintain normal redox homeostasis plays an important role in cellular responses to oxidative stress. The key players here are Nrf2-regulated redox signaling and autophagy. A tight interface has been described between these two processes under stress conditions and their role in oxidative stress-induced diseases progression. In this review, we focus on the role of Nrf2 as a key player in redox regulation in cell response to oxidative stress. We also summarize the current knowledge about the autophagy regulation and the role of redox signaling in this process. In line with the focus of our review, we describe in more detail information about the interplay between Nrf2 and autophagy pathways in myocardium and the role of these processes in cardiovascular disease development.
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Sestrin2 protects against cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:239-251. [PMID: 35260799 PMCID: PMC8980001 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to bile acid in the liver due to impaired bile flow induces cholestatic liver disease, resulting in hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis. Sestrin2, a highly conserved, stress-inducible protein, has been implicated in cellular responses to multiple stress conditions and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. However, its role in cholestatic liver injury is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of hepatic Sestrin2 in cholestatic liver injury and its underlying mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Hepatic Sestrin2 expression was upregulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β) after treatment with bile acids and correlated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. Bile-duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and liver fibrosis were exacerbated in Sestrin2-knockout (Sesn2−/−) mice. Moreover, Sestrin2 deficiency enhanced cholestasis-induced hepatic ER stress, whereas Sestrin2 overexpression ameliorated bile acid-induced ER stress. Notably, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR reversed bile acid-induced ER stress in Sestrin2-deficient cells. Furthermore, Sestrin2 deficiency promoted cholestasis-induced hepatic pyroptosis by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes. Thus, our study provides evidence for the biological significance of Sestrin2 and its relationship with cholestatic liver injury, suggesting the potential role of Sestrin2 in regulating ER stress and inflammasome activation during cholestatic liver injury. A protein that manages the response to cellular stress can help prevent disruptions in bile flow from progressing to liver fibrosis or failure. Disrupted flow leads to the accumulation of bile acids, which triggers a state known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, fueling inflammation and eventual cell death. Researchers led by Hwan-Woo Park and Jongdae Shin at Konyang University, Daejon, South Korea, have demonstrated that the Sestrin2 protein plays a prominent role in managing this ER stress response to cytotoxic bile acids in cultured liver cells. They subsequently used a Sestrin2-deficient mouse model to demonstrate that the absence of this protein contributes to heightened ER stress and greatly increased liver damage following impaired bile flow. These results suggest that Sestrin2 modulators could offer effective treatments for liver disorders associated with bile flow obstruction.
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Wang L, Liu X, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13785. [PMID: 34995401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM With exercise, white adipose tissues (WAT) are readily convertible to a "brown-like" state, altering from lipid-storing to energy-catabolizing function, which counteracts obesity and increases insulin sensitivity. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a stress-inducible protein that can regulate the cold-induced increase of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is paramount for the thermogenic capacity of brown-like WAT. This study aimed to elucidate the necessity of SESN2 in mediating exercise-induced browning of WAT. METHODS We used 8-week, male wild-type and SESN2 knockout C57BL/6J mice to explore the potential role of SESN2 in the exercise-induced WAT browning process. Over a 3-week intervention (sedentary versus treadmill exercise, normal chow versus 60% high-fat diet), we examined the exercise-induced alterations of the browning phenotype in different depots of white fat. In vitro, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and primary adipocytes were used to determine the potential mechanism. RESULTS Our data revealed that SESN2 was required for the exercise-induced subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) browning. This may be mediated by higher fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) contents in scWAT locally, rather than skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression and circulating serum irisin levels. SESN2 ablation significantly impaired the exercise-improved glucose metabolism, where browning of scWAT may serve as an essential pathway. Moreover, SESN2 ablation significantly attenuated the exercise-promoted respiratory exchange ratio and indexes of energy metabolism (oxygen uptake and energy expenditure). CONCLUSION Taken together, our results provided evidence that SESN2 is a key integrating factor in driving the diverse metabolic benefits conferred by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101478. [PMID: 35367410 PMCID: PMC9014392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Wang D, Xu C, Yang W, Chen J, Ou Y, Guan Y, Guan J, Liu Y. E3 ligase RNF167 and deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 modulate mTOR and cancer progression. Mol Cell 2022; 82:770-784.e9. [PMID: 35114100 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential metabolic hub that coordinates cellular metabolism with the availability of nutrients, including amino acids. Sestrin2 has been identified as a cytosolic leucine sensor that transmits leucine status signals to mTORC1. In this study, we identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 167 (RNF167) and a deubiquitinase STAMBPL1 that function in concert to control the polyubiquitination level of Sestrin2 in response to leucine availability. Ubiquitination of Sestrin2 promotes its interaction with GATOR2 and inhibits mTORC1 signaling. Bioinformatic analysis reveals decreased RNF167 expression and increased STAMBPL1 expression in gastric and colorectal tumors. Knockout of STAMBPL1 or correction of the heterozygous STAMBPL1 mutation in a human colon cancer cell line suppresses xenograft tumor growth. Lastly, a cell-permeable peptide that blocks the STAMBPL1-Sestrin2 interaction inhibits mTORC1 and provides a potential option for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Yuan Pei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuhui Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialiang Guan
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China.
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