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Huffmyer WL, Ji F, Blackwood JC, Hastings A, Koenig WD, Liebhold AM, Machta J, Abbott KC. Variation in Avian Predation Pressure as a Driver for the Diversification of Periodical Cicada Broods. Am Nat 2024; 203:E92-E106. [PMID: 38358808 DOI: 10.1086/728118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodical cicadas live 13 or 17 years underground as nymphs, then emerge in synchrony as adults to reproduce. Developmentally synchronized populations called broods rarely coexist, with one dominant brood locally excluding those that emerge in off years. Twelve modern 17-year cicada broods are believed to have descended from only three ancestral broods following the last glaciation. The mechanisms by which these daughter broods overcame exclusion by the ancestral brood to synchronously emerge in a different year, however, are elusive. Here, we demonstrate that temporal variation in the population density of generalist predators can allow intermittent opportunities for new broods to invade, even though a single brood remains dominant most of the time. We show that this mechanism is consistent, in terms of the type and frequency of brood replacements, with the distribution of periodical cicada broods throughout North America today. Although we investigate one particularly charismatic case study, the mechanisms involved (competitive exclusion, Allee effects, trait variation, predation, and temporal variability) are ubiquitous and could contribute to patterns of species diversity in a range of systems.
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Hu H, Tan D, Luo T, Tong X, Han M, Shen J, Dai F. Cyclin B3 plays pleiotropic roles in female reproductive organogenesis and early embryogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:376-387. [PMID: 37698372 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reproductive system plays a crucial role in insect survival, reproduction and species specificity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive organogenesis contributes to improving the efficiency of sterile insect technique marked by an eco-friendly pest management strategy. Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, most of which are major pests in agriculture and forestry. Our study aimed to screen the genes responsible for reproductive organogenesis and unravel the mechanism underlying female reproductive organ defects. RESULTS Morphological investigation of female reproductive organs showed a defective connection between oviductus geminus and oviductus communis on the second day of pupa (P2) in Speckled mutant silkworm. RNA_Seq identified a total of 18 049 transcripts that were expressed in the P2 female internal reproductive organs without ovary in Spc/+ compared to +Spc /+Spc . Differential expression analysis identified 312 up-regulated genes and 221 down-regulated genes in Spc/+. KEGG analysis identified 44 significantly enriched pathways. The results of qRT-PCR performed on 33 genes significantly matched the outcomes of the RNA_Seq. Dysfunction of Cyclin B3 resulted in a defective connection of the oviductus communis with the ovariole, dysfunction of oogenesis, and a petite body. Moreover, homozygous recessive lethality of Cyclin B3/Cyclin B3 occurred during early embryogenesis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Cyclin B3 is a pleiotropic functional gene that regulates early embryogenesis, oogenesis, development, and female reproductive organogenesis. These results showed that Cyclin B3 has significant effects on lepidopteran mortality, growth, and reproductive physiology, which might be considered a novel and potentially eco-friendly target for lepidopteran pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Aihartza J, Vallejo N, Aldasoro M, García-Mudarra JL, Goiti U, Nogueras J, Ibáñez C. Aerospace-foraging bats eat seasonably across varying habitats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19576. [PMID: 37950015 PMCID: PMC10638376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has confirmed the efficiency of insectivorous bats as pest suppressors, underlining the ecological services they offer in agroecosystems. Therefore, some efforts try to enhance bat foraging in agricultural landscapes by acting upon environmental factors favouring them. In this study, we monitored a Miniopterus schreibersii colony, in the southern Iberian Peninsula. We intensively sampled their faeces and analysed them by metabarcoding to describe how the bent-winged bat diet would change with time, and to test whether their most-consumed prey would seasonally depend on different landscapes or habitats. Our results confirm that M. schreibersii are selective opportunist predators of moths, dipterans, mayflies, and other fluttering insects, shifting their diet to temporary peaks of prey availability in their foraging range, including both pest and non-pest insects. Supporting our hypothesis, throughout the year, M. schreibersii consume insects linked to diverse open habitats, including wetlands, grassland, diverse croplands, and woodland. The importance of each prey habitat varies seasonally, depending on their insect phenology, making bats indirectly dependent on a diverse landscape as their primary prey source. Bats' predation upon pest insects is quantitatively high, consuming around 1610 kg in 5 months, of which 1467 kg correspond to ten species. So, their suppression effect may be relevant, mainly in patchy heterogeneous landscapes, where bats' foraging may concentrate in successive outbursts of pests, affecting different crops or woodlands. Our results stress that to take advantage of the ecosystem services of bats or other generalist insectivores, keeping the environmental conditions they require to thrive, particularly a heterogeneous landscape within the colony's foraging area, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joxerra Aihartza
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, The Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Nerea Vallejo
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, The Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miren Aldasoro
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, The Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Urtzi Goiti
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, The Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jesus Nogueras
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), P.O. Box 1056, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), P.O. Box 1056, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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Ng WH, Myers CR, McArt S, Ellner SP. A Time for Every Purpose: Using Time-Dependent Sensitivity Analysis to Help Understand and Manage Dynamic Ecological Systems. Am Nat 2023; 202:630-654. [PMID: 37963117 DOI: 10.1086/726143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSensitivity analysis is often used to help understand and manage ecological systems by assessing how a constant change in vital rates or other model parameters might affect the management outcome. This allows the manager to identify the most favorable course of action. However, realistic changes are often localized in time-for example, a short period of culling leads to a temporary increase in the mortality rate over the period. Hence, knowing when to act may be just as important as knowing what to act on. In this article, we introduce the method of time-dependent sensitivity analysis (TDSA) that simultaneously addresses both questions. We illustrate TDSA using three case studies: transient dynamics in static disease transmission networks, disease dynamics in a reservoir species with seasonal life history events, and endogenously driven population cycles in herbivorous invertebrate forest pests. We demonstrate how TDSA often provides useful biological insights, which are understandable on hindsight but would not have been easily discovered without the help of TDSA. However, as a caution, we also show how TDSA can produce results that mainly reflect uncertain modeling choices and are therefore potentially misleading. We provide guidelines to help users maximize the utility of TDSA while avoiding pitfalls.
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Lee TM, Smith RA, Nelson WA, Day T, Sato Y. No life-history cost of tebufenozide resistance in the smaller tea tortrix moth. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2581-2590. [PMID: 36869740 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tebufenozide is widely used to control populations of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai. However, A. honmai has evolved resistance such that straightforward pesticide application is an untenable long-term approach for population control. Evaluating the fitness cost of resistance is key to devising a management strategy that slows the evolution of resistance. RESULTS We used three approaches to assess the life-history cost of tebufenozide resistance with two strains of A. honmai: a tebufenozide-resistant strain recently collected from the field in Japan and a susceptible strain that has been maintained in the laboratory for decades. First, we found that the resistant strain with standing genetic variation did not decline in resistance in the absence of insecticide over four generations. Second, we found that genetic lines that spanned a range of resistance profiles did not show a negative correlation between their LD50 , the dosage at which 50 % of individuals died, and life-history traits that are correlates of fitness. Third, we found that the resistant strain did not manifest life-history costs under food limitation. Our crossing experiments indicate that the allele at an ecdysone receptor locus known to confer resistance explained much of the variance in resistance profiles across genetic lines. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the point mutation in the ecdysone receptor, which is widespread in tea plantations in Japan, does not carry a fitness cost in the tested laboratory conditions. The absence of a cost of resistance and the mode of inheritance have implications for which strategies may be effective in future resistance management efforts. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyat M Lee
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - R A Smith
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Troy Day
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Shimada, Japan
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Ng WH, Myers CR, McArt S, Ellner SP. A time for every purpose: using time-dependent sensitivity analysis to help understand and manage dynamic ecological systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536769. [PMID: 37090628 PMCID: PMC10120680 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity analysis is often used to help understand and manage ecological systems, by assessing how a constant change in vital rates or other model parameters might affect the management outcome. This allows the manager to identify the most favorable course of action. However, realistic changes are often localized in time-for example, a short period of culling leads to a temporary increase in the mortality rate over the period. Hence, knowing when to act may be just as important as knowing what to act upon. In this article, we introduce the method of time-dependent sensitivity analysis (TDSA) that simultaneously addresses both questions. We illustrate TDSA using three case studies: transient dynamics in static disease transmission networks, disease dynamics in a reservoir species with seasonal life-history events, and endogenously-driven population cycles in herbivorous invertebrate forest pests. We demonstrate how TDSA often provides useful biological insights, which are understandable on hindsight but would not have been easily discovered without the help of TDSA. However, as a caution, we also show how TDSA can produce results that mainly reflect uncertain modeling choices and are therefore potentially misleading. We provide guidelines to help users maximize the utility of TDSA while avoiding pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Hao Ng
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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7
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Modeling and Prediction of the Species’ Range of Neurobasis chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) under Climate Change. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060868. [PMID: 35741389 PMCID: PMC9220025 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Global climate change is accelerating and modifying the distribution of many extant species. Dragonflies, as a group, inhabit aquatic as well as terrestrial environments and are considered sensitive climate change indicators. In this study, we model and predict the range of a large, tropical damselfly Neurobasis chinensis L. under the last glacial maximum (LGM), the current, and four future warming scenarios. The models show that the species mainly occupies forest ecosystems below 1200 m (preferring 500 to 1200 m) and had two historic core distribution areas in LGM, one of which survived, namely south-central Vietnam. The future scenarios show that the core distribution, high suitable habitats, and even the whole species range of N. chinensis will extend northwards. Abstract Neurobasis chinensis is widely distributed in eastern tropical Asia. Its only congener in China, the N. anderssoni, has not been observed for decades. To protect N. chinensis, it is necessary to understand the ecological properties of its habitats and specie’s range shift under climate change. In the present study, we modeled its potential distribution under one historical, current, and four future scenarios. We evaluated the importance of the factors that shape its distribution and habitats and predicted the historical and current core spatial distributions and their shifting in the future. Two historical core distribution areas were identified: the inland region of the Bay of Bengal and south-central Vietnam. The current potential distribution includes south China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Luzon of Philippines, Malaysia, southwest and northeast India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Java, Sumatera), Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and foothills of the Himalayas, in total, ca. 3.59 × 106 km2. Only one core distribution remained, concentrated in south-central Vietnam. In a warming future, the core distribution, high suitable habitats, and even the whole range of N. chinensis will expand and shift northwards. Currently, N. chinensis mainly resides in forest ecosystems below 1200 m above sea level (preferred 500 m to 1200 m a.s.l.). Annual precipitation, mean temperature of driest quarter, and seasonality of precipitation are important factors shaping the species distribution. Our study provides systematic information on habitats and geographical distribution, which is useful for the conservation of N. chinensis.
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Chen YC, Chen DF, Yang MF, Liu JF. The Effect of Temperatures and Hosts on the Life Cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:211. [PMID: 35206784 PMCID: PMC8879478 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between ambient temperatures and host plants are central to the population dynamics of invasive animal species. Despite significant research into the effects of temperatures, the performance of invasive species is also influenced by host plants. The effects of different temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) and host plants (maize, sorghum, and coix seed) were tested on the mortality, development, reproduction, and population parameters of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using an age-stage, two-sex life table. The results support the hypothesis that temperature and the species of the host plant significantly influences the performance of FAW. Feeding on maize at 30 °C resulted in a lower mortality rate, a shorter developmental time and longevity, a higher fecundity, intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0). However, at 20 °C, the host plant could eliminate temperature-mediated synergism in FAW performance, which did not reach statistical significance at 20 °C. Similar results induced by a relatively low temperature (20 °C) on different host plants were also found in the age-stage specific survival curves (sxj), fecundity (mx), maternity (lxmx), and reproductive value (vxj) curves of FAW. Consequently, we also need to pay more attention to FAW outbreaks on different host plants mediated by relatively low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chai Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - De-Fei Chen
- Crop Protection Center of Jinsha County, Bijie 551700, China;
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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Ahn JJ, Choi KS. Population Parameters and Growth of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) under Fluctuating Temperature. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020113. [PMID: 35206688 PMCID: PMC8876695 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a polyphagous species that is an important pest of soybean fields in Asian countries. In this study, we examined the effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on the development and reproduction of R. pedestris. The effects of thermal conditions were assessed by constructing age-stage, two-sex life tables from a constant temperature of 24 °C and simulated fluctuating temperatures of 24 ± 4 °C, 24 ± 6 °C, and 24 ± 8 °C. At a constant temperature, a number of R. pedestris life table parameters differed from those under fluctuating temperatures. Although similar pre-adult development periods were recorded under constant and fluctuating temperatures, the periods of female longevity and oviposition periods under fluctuating temperatures were significantly longer than those at a constant temperature. Given that temperature is an important abiotic factor for forecasting the population dynamics of arthropods in nature, determining the effects of fluctuating temperatures will make a valuable contribution to predicting R. pedestris population growth. Abstract In this study, we determined the influence of fluctuating temperatures on the development and fecundity of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) by collecting life table data for individuals exposed at a constant temperature (24 °C) and three fluctuating temperatures (24 ± 4 °C, 24 ± 6 °C, and 24 ± 8 °C). The raw life history data were analyzed using an age-stage, two-sex life table to take into account the viable development rate among individuals. Based on these analyses, the population projections enabled us to determine the stage structure and variability of population growth under different temperature treatments. Our results revealed shorter periods of immature development and a higher pre-adult survival rate at 24 ± 6 °C than under the other assessed temperature conditions. Furthermore, significant reductions in female longevity were recorded at 24 °C, whereas the fecundity, net reproductive rate, and intrinsic and finite rates of increase were highest at 24 ± 6 °C. These findings reveal that fluctuating temperatures have a positive influence on the life history traits of R. pedestris and indicate that observations made under constant temperatures may not explain sufficiently enough the temperature dependent biological performances of pests in the field.
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Velzen E, Gaedke U, Klauschies T. Quantifying the capacity for contemporary trait changes to drive intermittent predator‐prey cycles. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Velzen
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam Germany
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam Germany
| | - Toni Klauschies
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2 Potsdam Germany
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11
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Zhu C, Zhao M, Zhang H, Zhang F, Du Y, Lu M. Extending the Storage Time of Clanis bilineata tsingtauica (Lepidoptera; Sphingidae) Eggs through Variable-Temperature Cold Storage. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112820. [PMID: 34829100 PMCID: PMC8621013 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell, 1922 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), also known as “Doudan” in China, is an important pest in legume crops. As an edible insect, it is most commonly consumed in Jiangsu, Shandong, and Henan Provinces. Mass rearing requires access to large numbers of eggs. This stage, however, is of short duration and supplies are frequently not sufficient for insect production. Therefore, we identified the cold storage conditions for C. bilineata tsingtauica that can effectively prolong the storage time of the eggs, to make supplies more readily available. We found that when stored at 4 °C, only 7.5% of the eggs hatched after 7 days, while at 10 °C the hatch rate was 78.3%. At 15 °C, the egg hatch rate remained at this same level (77.8% even after 14–20 days). Considering various combinations, we found that optimal egg hatch occurred if eggs were stored at 15 °C for 11 days, and then held at 15–20 °C under dark conditions. Stored as described above, the egg hatch rate was not significantly different from the control group (at 28 °C). These conditions allow for easier mass rearing of C. bilineata tsingtauica by providing a stable supply of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fang Zhang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuzhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.D.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingxing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (M.Z.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Zylstra ER, Ries L, Neupane N, Saunders SP, Ramírez MI, Rendón-Salinas E, Oberhauser KS, Farr MT, Zipkin EF. Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1441-1452. [PMID: 34282317 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Declines in the abundance and diversity of insects pose a substantial threat to terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, identifying the causes of these declines has proved difficult, even for well-studied species like monarch butterflies, whose eastern North American population has decreased markedly over the last three decades. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain the changes observed in the eastern monarch population: loss of milkweed host plants from increased herbicide use, mortality during autumn migration and/or early-winter resettlement and changes in breeding-season climate. Here, we use a hierarchical modelling approach, combining data from >18,000 systematic surveys to evaluate support for each of these hypotheses over a 25-yr period. Between 2004 and 2018, breeding-season weather was nearly seven times more important than other factors in explaining variation in summer population size, which was positively associated with the size of the subsequent overwintering population. Although data limitations prevent definitive evaluation of the factors governing population size between 1994 and 2003 (the period of the steepest monarch decline coinciding with a widespread increase in herbicide use), breeding-season weather was similarly identified as an important driver of monarch population size. If observed changes in spring and summer climate continue, portions of the current breeding range may become inhospitable for monarchs. Our results highlight the increasingly important contribution of a changing climate to insect declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Zylstra
- Department of Integrative Biology, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naresh Neupane
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah P Saunders
- Department of Integrative Biology, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,National Audubon Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Isabel Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Karen S Oberhauser
- University of Wisconsin Arboretum, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew T Farr
- Department of Integrative Biology, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Elise F Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Pokharel SS, Shen F, Parajulee MN, Wang Y, Chen F. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on tea quality and insect pests’ occurrences: A review. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Specht A, Sosa-Gómez DR, Rios DAM, Claudino VCM, Paula-Moraes SV, Malaquias JV, Silva FAM, Roque-Specht VF. Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: the Big Outbreak Monitored by Light Traps. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:53-67. [PMID: 33501635 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The first detection of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil pointed to a gloomy future for South American agriculture in the 2012/2013 harvest, and insecticide sales increased exponentially during 2013 and 2014. However, after this outbreak, the population of this insect returned to manageable levels. This study documents data on H. armigera moth collection using light traps during the outbreak in two locations: (a) western region of the state of Bahia, including population levels of H. armigera and main noctuid pests during the big outbreak (February and March 2013); (b) Federal District, including monthly data for five growing seasons (July 2012-June 2017). During the outbreak, an average of 527.3 moths were collected per trap (cotton crop, March) in the western region of Bahia each night, while the maximum average in the Federal District was 75.4 moths (January). The number of moths decreased in the following growing seasons, and in October 2016, the maximum number was 2.8 moths per trap. Aspects related to the variations of H. armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) populations, including the study of phenology and relationship with climatic factors and Oceanic Niño Index, were analyzed and discussed. All aspects are approached to contribute to the management of lepidopteran pests, especially H. armigera, in the productive systems of the Brazilian Cerrado.
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Valencia Arbeláez JA, Soto Giraldo A, Villa GJC, Espinosa LFV, Salazar Gutierrez MR, Vargas G. Population dynamics of sugarcane borers, Diatraea spp., under different climatic scenarios in Colombia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244694. [PMID: 33449921 PMCID: PMC7810321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal temperature and precipitation patterns on a global scale are main factors to which insects and plants adapt through natural selection, although periodic outbreaks in insect populations may occur in areas where they had not been previously reported, a phenomenon considered as a consequence of global warming. In this study, we estimate the distribution of sugarcane borers, Diatraea spp., under different climate scenarios (rcp26, rcp45, rcp60 and rcp85.) Insects were collected weekly in four sugarcane fields from four different towns in the department of Caldas (Colombia) during 2017, and also in several sugarcane fields in the Cauca River Valley (CRV) between 2010 and 2017. The influence of climatic variables on different agro-ecological zones of the CRV sugarcane fields was defined by climatic data between 2010 and 2017 (maximum and minimum daily temperatures, and accumulated precipitation). The estimate of an optimal niche for Diatraea spp. includes temperatures between 20°C and 23°C, accumulated annual rainfall between 1200 and 1500 mm, dry months with precipitations below 50 mm, slopes of less than 0.05 degrees, crop heterogeneity with an index of 0.2 and primary production values of 1.0. Data suggests Diatraea population is considerably influenced by adverse climate change effects, under the premise of an increase in local and global temperatures, reducing its population niches as well as the number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Andrés Valencia Arbeláez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Corporación Universitaria Santa Rosa de Cabal, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alberto Soto Giraldo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | | | | | - Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, United States of America
| | - Germán Vargas
- Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia, Florida, Colombia
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16
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Han C, Li M, Haihambo N, Babuna P, Liu Q, Zhao X, Jaeger C, Li Y, Yang S. Mechanisms of recurrent outbreak of COVID-19: a model-based study. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2021; 106:1169-1185. [PMID: 33758464 PMCID: PMC7972336 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-021-06371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have occurred in many countries around the world. We developed a twofold framework in this study, which is composed by one novel descriptive model to depict the recurrent global outbreaks of COVID-19 and one dynamic model to understand the intrinsic mechanisms of recurrent outbreaks. We used publicly available data of cumulative infected cases from 1 January 2020 to 2 January 2021 in 30 provinces in China and 43 other countries around the world for model validation and further analyses. These time series data could be well fitted by the new descriptive model. Through this quantitative approach, we discovered two main mechanisms that strongly correlate with the extent of the recurrent outbreak: the sudden increase in cases imported from overseas and the relaxation of local government epidemic prevention policies. The compartmental dynamical model (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Dead and Recovered (SEIDR) Model) could reproduce the obvious recurrent outbreak of the epidemics and showed that both imported infected cases and the relaxation of government policies have a causal effect on the emergence of a new wave of outbreak, along with variations in the temperature index. Meanwhile, recurrent outbreaks affect consumer confidence and have a significant influence on GDP. These results support the necessity of policies such as travel bans, testing of people upon entry, and consistency of government prevention and control policies in avoiding future waves of epidemics and protecting economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pius Babuna
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB UK
- Colledge of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Qingfang Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088 China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Carlo Jaeger
- Global Climate Forum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Ying Li
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Saini Yang
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
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17
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McCann KS, Cazelles K, MacDougall AS, Fussmann GF, Bieg C, Cristescu M, Fryxell JM, Gellner G, Lapointe B, Gonzalez A. Landscape modification and nutrient-driven instability at a distance. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:398-414. [PMID: 33222413 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 50 years ago, Michael Rosenzweig pointed out that nutrient addition can destabilise food webs, leading to loss of species and reduced ecosystem function through the paradox of enrichment. Around the same time, David Tilman demonstrated that increased nutrient loading would also be expected to cause competitive exclusion leading to deleterious changes in food web diversity. While both concepts have greatly illuminated general diversity-stability theory, we currently lack a coherent framework to predict how nutrients influence food web stability across a landscape. This is a vitally important gap in our understanding, given mounting evidence of serious ecological disruption arising from anthropogenic displacement of resources and organisms. Here, we combine contemporary theory on food webs and meta-ecosystems to show that nutrient additions are indeed expected to drive loss in stability and function in human-impacted regions. Our models suggest that destabilisation is more likely to be caused by the complete loss of an equilibrium due to edible plant species being competitively excluded. In highly modified landscapes, spatial nutrient transport theory suggests that such instabilities can be amplified over vast distances from the sites of nutrient addition. Consistent with this theoretical synthesis, the empirical frequency of these distant propagating ecosystem imbalances appears to be growing. This synthesis of theory and empirical data suggests that human modification of the Earth is strongly connecting distantly separated ecosystems, causing rapid, expansive and costly nutrient-driven instabilities over vast areas of the planet. Similar to existing food web theory, the corollary to this spatial nutrient theory is that slowing down spatial nutrient pathways can be a potent means of stabilising degraded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S McCann
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kevin Cazelles
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.,McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Gregor F Fussmann
- McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Carling Bieg
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Melania Cristescu
- McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - John M Fryxell
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Gellner
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian Lapointe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- McGill University, 1205 Dr-Penfield Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
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18
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de Paula AS, Barreto C. Potential Distribution of Nysius simulans (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Soybean Crops in South America Under Current and Future Climate. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1702-1710. [PMID: 32405644 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nysius simulans (Stål) is a suctorial, fluid feeding herbivore that can transmit toxins and spread pathogens via saliva and is an economically important pest for soybean in South America. Currently, N. simulans in soybean is predominantly found in Argentina, but future changes in the distribution from both dispersal and range shifts due to climate change may affect soybean cultivation in southern South America. We developed a species distribution model to examine the distribution range of N. simulans. We compared the potential distribution of N. simulans under current and future projected climatic conditions in order to identify future areas of natural occurrence with ecological niche models using Maxent. Current records of N. simulans show that while the species is present in Argentina, and some areas of Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, our models suggest that many new suitable areas will be available for N. simulans under climate change including other regions of Argentina, and southern Chile. Our results also predict potential future range shifts and distributions into Bolivia, but not Peru nor Brazil. In our model, seasonal trends in temperature were shown to have the greatest contribution to the potential distribution, whereas isothermality (i.e., temperature variability) was correlated to potential future distribution ranges. We conclude that current populations of N. simulans may be expanding its distribution range by diffusion (i.e., range expansion over generations at the margins of populations), and regions with potential future N. simulans distribution should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Silva de Paula
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carlos Barreto
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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19
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DeLong JP, Lyon S. Temperature alters the shape of predator-prey cycles through effects on underlying mechanisms. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9377. [PMID: 32596054 PMCID: PMC7307560 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting the effects of climate warming on the dynamics of ecological systems requires understanding how temperature influences birth rates, death rates and the strength of species interactions. The temperature dependance of these processes—which are the underlying mechanisms of ecological dynamics—is often thought to be exponential or unimodal, generally supported by short-term experiments. However, ecological dynamics unfold over many generations. Our goal was to empirically document shifts in predator–prey cycles over the full range of temperatures that can possibly support a predator–prey system and then to uncover the effect of temperature on the underlying mechanisms driving those changes. Methods We measured the population dynamics of the Didinium-Paramecium predator–prey system across a wide range of temperatures to reveal systematic changes in the dynamics of the system. We then used ordinary differential equation fitting to estimate parameters of a model describing the dynamics, and used these estimates to assess the long-term temperature dependance of all the underlying mechanisms. Results We found that predator–prey cycles shrank in state space from colder to hotter temperatures and that both cycle period and amplitude varied with temperature. Model parameters showed mostly unimodal responses to temperature, with one parameter (predator mortality) increasing monotonically with temperature and one parameter (predator conversion efficiency) invariant with temperature. Our results indicate that temperature can have profound, systematic effects on ecological dynamics, and these can arise through diverse and simultaneous changes in multiple underlying mechanisms. Predicting the effects of temperature on ecological dynamics may require additional investigation into how the underlying drivers of population dynamics respond to temperature beyond a short-term, acute response.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P DeLong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Shelby Lyon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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20
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Wildemeersch M, Franklin O, Seidl R, Rogelj J, Moorthy I, Thurner S. Modelling the multi-scaled nature of pest outbreaks. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Zhang XX, Qin J, Yuan JW, Lu MX, Du YZ. Cloning of a new HSP70 gene from western flowerthrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and expression patterns during thermal stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7687. [PMID: 31579591 PMCID: PMC6765361 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an invasive pest that endangers a wide variety of horticultural and agronomic crops. HSP70 is the most important member of the heat shock protein (HSP) family and plays an important role in insect thermal tolerance. In this study, a new gene encoding HSP70 from F. occidentalis, Fohsp706, was selected from the F. occidentalis transcriptome exposed to thermal stress (40 °C) and cloned by RT-PCR and RACE. Further characterization indicated that Fohsp706 localizes to the cytoplasm and does not contain introns. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR indicated that Fohsp706 expression was significantly up-regulated by thermal stress; furthermore, there were significant differences in Fohsp706 expression in adults and second instar nymphs after heat stress. Our results indicated that Fohsp706 contributes to thermotolerance in F. occidentalis and provides another example of how this pest adapts to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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22
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McCalla KA, Keçeci M, Milosavljević I, Ratkowsky DA, Hoddle MS. The Influence of Temperature Variation on Life History Parameters and Thermal Performance Curves of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Parasitoid of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1560-1574. [PMID: 31053849 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of seven constant and fluctuating temperature profiles with corresponding averages of 12 to 38°C on the life history of the Punjab, Pakistan-sourced Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) released in California for biological control of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. One linear and seven nonlinear regression functions were fit to egg-to-adult development rate data to characterize thermal performance curves. Temperature fluctuations significantly affected both development and longevity of T. radiata. Estimates of degree-days predicted by the linear model were 30% higher for the fluctuating regime than the constant regime. Nonlinear model estimations of theoretical minimum and maximum developmental thresholds were lower for the fluctuating regime when compared to the constant regime. These predictions align with experimental observations. Parasitoids reared under fluctuating profiles at low average temperatures developed faster (15°C) and survived longer (15-20°C) when compared to those reared under constant regimes with corresponding means. In contrast, high average fluctuating temperatures produced parasitoids with an extended developmental period (35°C) and reduced longevity (30-35°C). A meta-analysis of published T. radiata development datasets, together with the results of this study, indicated convergence in degree-days and theoretical minimum developmental thresholds among geographically distinct parasitoid populations. These findings demonstrate the significant effects of temperature on T. radiata life history and have important implications for optimization of mass-rearing and release efforts, improvement of predictions from climate modeling, and comparison of T. radiata population performance across climatic gradients and geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A McCalla
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Mehmet Keçeci
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
- Center for Invasive Species Research, University of California, Riverside, CA
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23
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Chaparro‐Pedraza PC, de Roos AM. Environmental change effects on life-history traits and population dynamics of anadromous fishes. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1178-1190. [PMID: 31081118 PMCID: PMC6771977 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Migration, the recurring movement of individuals between a breeding and a non-breeding habitat, is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Since the life cycle of migratory species involves two habitats, they are particularly vulnerable to environmental change, which may affect either of these habitats as well as the travel between them. In this study, we aim to reveal the consequences of environmental change affecting older life-history stages for the population dynamics and the individual life history of a migratory population. We formulate a population model based on the individual energetics and life history to study how increased energetic cost of the breeding travel and reduced survival and food availability in the non-breeding habitat affect an anadromous fish population. These unfavourable conditions have impacts at the individual and the population level. First, when conditions deteriorate individuals in the breeding habitat have a higher body growth rate as a consequence of reductions in spawning that reduce competition. Second, population abundance decreases, and its dynamics change from a regular annual cycle to oscillations with a period of four years. The oscillations are caused by the density-dependent feedback between individuals within a cohort through the food abundance in the breeding habitat, which results in alternation of a strong and a weak cohort. Our results explain how environmental change, by affecting older life-history stages, has multiple consequences for other life stages and for the entire population. We discuss these results in the context of empirical data and highlight the need for mechanistic understanding of the interactions between life-history and population dynamics in response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André M. de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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24
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Hurford A, Wang X, Zhao XQ. Regional climate affects salmon lice dynamics, stage structure and management. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190428. [PMID: 31185867 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional variation in climate can generate differences in population dynamics and stage structure. Where regional differences exist, the best approach to pest management may be region-specific. Salmon lice are a stage-structured marine copepod that parasitizes salmonids at aquaculture sites worldwide, and have fecundity, development and mortality rates that depend on temperature and salinity. We show that in Atlantic Canada and Norway, where the oceans are relatively cold, salmon lice abundance decreases during the winter months, but ultimately increases from year to year, while in Ireland and Chile, where the oceans are warmer, the population size grows monotonically without any seasonal declines. In colder regions, during the winter the stage structure is dominated by the adult stage, which is in contrast to warmer regions where all stages are abundant year round. These differences translate into region-specific recommendations for management: regions with slower population growth have lower critical stocking densities, and regions with cold winters have a seasonal dependence in the timing of follow-up chemotherapeutic treatments. Predictions of our salmon lice model agree with empirical data, and our approach provides a method to understand the effects of regional differences in climate on salmon lice dynamics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hurford
- 1 Department of Biology, Memorial University , St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada A1C 5S7.,2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University , St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada A1C 5S7
| | - Xiunan Wang
- 3 Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhao
- 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University , St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada A1C 5S7
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25
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Greischar MA, Reece SE, Savill NJ, Mideo N. The Challenge of Quantifying Synchrony in Malaria Parasites. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:341-355. [PMID: 30952484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria infection is often accompanied by periodic fevers, triggered by synchronous cycles of parasite replication within the host. The degree of synchrony in parasite development influences the efficacy of drugs and immune defenses and is therefore relevant to host health and infectiousness. Synchrony is thought to vary over the course of infection and across different host-parasite genotype or species combinations, but the evolutionary significance - if any - of this diversity remains elusive. Standardized methods are lacking, but the most common metric for quantifying synchrony is the percentage of parasites in a particular developmental stage. We use a heuristic model to show that this metric is often unacceptably biased. Methodological challenges must be addressed to characterize diverse patterns of synchrony and their consequences for disease severity and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Greischar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Reece
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas J Savill
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicole Mideo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Getto P, Gyllenberg M, Nakata Y, Scarabel F. Stability analysis of a state-dependent delay differential equation for cell maturation: analytical and numerical methods. J Math Biol 2019; 79:281-328. [PMID: 31004216 PMCID: PMC6598990 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-019-01357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We consider a mathematical model describing the maturation process of stem cells up to fully mature cells. The model is formulated as a differential equation with state-dependent delay, where maturity is described as a continuous variable. The maturation rate of cells may be regulated by the amount of mature cells and, moreover, it may depend on cell maturity: we investigate how the stability of equilibria is affected by the choice of the maturation rate. We show that the principle of linearised stability holds for this model, and develop some analytical methods for the investigation of characteristic equations for fixed delays. For a general maturation rate we resort to numerical methods and we extend the pseudospectral discretisation technique to approximate the state-dependent delay equation with a system of ordinary differential equations. This is the first application of the technique to nonlinear state-dependent delay equations, and currently the only method available for studying the stability of equilibria by means of established software packages for bifurcation analysis. The numerical method is validated on some cases when the maturation rate is independent of maturity and the model can be reformulated as a fixed-delay equation via a suitable time transformation. We exploit the analytical and numerical methods to investigate the stability boundary in parameter planes. Our study shows some drastic qualitative changes in the stability boundary under assumptions on the model parameters, which may have important biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Getto
- Center for Dynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mats Gyllenberg
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yukihiko Nakata
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Francesca Scarabel
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Present Address: LIAM, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- CDLab, Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Hargreaves AL, Suárez E, Mehltreter K, Myers-Smith I, Vanderplank SE, Slinn HL, Vargas-Rodriguez YL, Haeussler S, David S, Muñoz J, Carlos Almazán-Núñez R, Loughnan D, Benning JW, Moeller DA, Brodie JF, Thomas HJ, Morales M. PA. Seed predation increases from the Arctic to the Equator and from high to low elevations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau4403. [PMID: 30801010 PMCID: PMC6382403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions have long been predicted to increase in intensity toward the tropics and low elevations because of gradients in climate, productivity, or biodiversity. Despite their importance for understanding global ecological and evolutionary processes, plant-animal interaction gradients are particularly difficult to test systematically across large geographic gradients, and evidence from smaller, disparate studies is inconclusive. By systematically measuring postdispersal seed predation using 6995 standardized seed depots along 18 mountains in the Pacific cordillera, we found that seed predation increases by 17% from the Arctic to the Equator and by 17% from 4000 meters above sea level to sea level. Clines in total predation, likely driven by invertebrates, were consistent across treeline ecotones and within continuous forest and were better explained by climate seasonality than by productivity, biodiversity, or latitude. These results suggest that species interactions play predictably greater ecological and evolutionary roles in tropical, lowland, and other less seasonal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Hargreaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Esteban Suárez
- Instituto Biósfera & Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
| | - Klaus Mehltreter
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, El Haya, Xalapa, 91070 Veracruz, México
| | - Isla Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Sula E. Vanderplank
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Fraccionamiento Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, México
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Heather L. Slinn
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N Virginia street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yalma L. Vargas-Rodriguez
- National Council of Science and Technology & University of Guadalajara, Apdo. Postal 4-014, Col. La Loma, Guadalajara, 44421 Jalisco, México
| | - Sybille Haeussler
- Bulkley Valley Research Centre and University of Northern British Columbia, Smithers, BC, Canada
| | - Santiago David
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jenny Muñoz
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez
- Laboratorio Integral de Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, 39000 Guerrero, México
| | - Deirdre Loughnan
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John W. Benning
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - David A. Moeller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jedediah F. Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Haydn J.D. Thomas
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - P. A. Morales M.
- Herbario Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín, Colombia
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Nelson WA, Joncour B, Pak D, Bjørnstad ON. Asymmetric interactions and their consequences for vital rates and dynamics: the smaller tea tortrix as a model system. Ecology 2019; 100:e02558. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. A. Nelson
- Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - B. Joncour
- Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - D. Pak
- Penn State University State College Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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Spiller DA, Schoener TW, Piovia-Scott J. Predators suppress herbivore outbreaks and enhance plant recovery following hurricanes. Ecology 2018; 97:2540-2546. [PMID: 27859131 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding processes that may stabilize ecological systems confronted with rapidly changing environmental conditions is a key issue in ecology. We studied a system of highly fluctuating populations, the moth Achyra rantalis feeding on the plant Sesuvium portulacastrum in a group of small subtropical islands of the Bahamas. The plant is a prostrate inhabitant of shorelines, and consequently moths are highly vulnerable to being consumed by the ground-foraging lizard Anolis sagrei. We measured the percent ground cover of Sesuvium and abundance of Achyra on 11 islands with lizards present and 21 islands without lizards annually for 10 consecutive years. Overall abundance of Achyra was 4.6 times higher on no-lizard islands than on lizard islands. The percent cover of Sesuvium exhibited lower temporal variability on lizard islands when the study site was undisturbed by hurricanes, and higher recovery rate on lizard islands following hurricanes. We suggest that both of these stabilizing phenomena are linked to a trophic cascade in which predatory lizards control herbivore populations, thereby suppressing outbreaks and enhancing plant recovery following physical disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Spiller
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Thomas W Schoener
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Jonah Piovia-Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
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Pfab F, Stacconi MVR, Anfora G, Grassi A, Walton V, Pugliese A. Optimized timing of parasitoid release: a mathematical model for biological control of Drosophila suzukii. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-018-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boettiger C. From noise to knowledge: how randomness generates novel phenomena and reveals information. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1255-1267. [PMID: 29790295 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Noise, as the term itself suggests, is most often seen a nuisance to ecological insight, a inconvenient reality that must be acknowledged, a haystack that must be stripped away to reveal the processes of interest underneath. Yet despite this well-earned reputation, noise is often interesting in its own right: noise can induce novel phenomena that could not be understood from some underlying deterministic model alone. Nor is all noise the same, and close examination of differences in frequency, colour or magnitude can reveal insights that would otherwise be inaccessible. Yet with each aspect of stochasticity leading to some new or unexpected behaviour, the time is right to move beyond the familiar refrain of "everything is important" (Bjørnstad & Grenfell ). Stochastic phenomena can suggest new ways of inferring process from pattern, and thus spark more dialog between theory and empirical perspectives that best advances the field as a whole. I highlight a few compelling examples, while observing that the study of stochastic phenomena are only beginning to make this translation into empirical inference. There are rich opportunities at this interface in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Boettiger
- Dept of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
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Walter JA, Ives AR, Tooker JF, Johnson DM. Life history and habitat explain variation among insect pest populations subject to global change. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Walter
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 W. Cary Street Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence Kansas 66047 USA
| | - Anthony R. Ives
- Department of Zoology University of Wisconsin 430 Lincoln Way Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - John F. Tooker
- Department of Entomology The Pennsylvania State University 501 ASI Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Derek M. Johnson
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University 1000 W. Cary Street Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
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Uyi OO, Zachariades C, Heshula LU, Hill MP. Developmental and reproductive performance of a specialist herbivore depend on seasonality of, and light conditions experienced by, the host plant. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190700. [PMID: 29304104 PMCID: PMC5755886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Host plant phenology (as influenced by seasonality) and light-mediated changes in the phenotypic and phytochemical properties of leaves have been hypothesised to equivocally influence insect herbivore performance. Here, we examined the effects of seasonality, through host plant phenology (late growth-season = autumn vs flowering-season = winter) and light environment (shade vs full-sun habitat) on the leaf characteristics of the invasive alien plant, Chromolaena odorata. In addition, the performance of a specialist folivore, Pareuchaetes insulata, feeding on leaves obtained from both shaded and full-sun habitats during autumn and winter, was evaluated over two generations. Foliar nitrogen and magnesium contents were generally higher in shaded plants with much higher levels during winter. Leaf water content was higher in shaded and in autumn plants. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and phosphorus contents did not differ as a function of season, but were higher in shaded foliage compared to full-sun leaves. Leaf toughness was noticeably higher on plants growing in full-sun during winter. With the exception of shaded leaves in autumn that supported the best performance [fastest development, heaviest pupal mass, and highest growth rate and Host Suitability Index (HSI) score], full-sun foliage in autumn surprisingly also supported an improved performance of the moth compared to shaded or full-sun leaves in winter. Our findings suggest that shaded and autumn foliage are nutritionally more suitable for the growth and reproduction of P. insulata. However, the heavier pupal mass, increased number of eggs and higher HSI score in individuals that fed on full-sun foliage in autumn compared to their counterparts that fed on shaded or full-sun foliage in winter suggest that full-sun foliage during autumn is also a suitable food source for larvae of the moth. In sum, our study demonstrates that seasonal and light-modulated changes in leaf characteristics can affect insect folivore performance in ways that are not linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osariyekemwen O. Uyi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Costas Zachariades
- ARC–Plant Protection Research Institute, Cedara, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Lelethu U. Heshula
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Martin P. Hill
- Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Kim Y, Lee DW, Jung JK. Rapid Cold-Hardening of a Subtropical Species, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Accompanies Hypertrehalosemia by Upregulating Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1432-1438. [PMID: 29029081 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A subtropical insect, Maruca vitrata (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is invasive to temperate zones, in which low temperatures during winter would be a serious challenge for colonization. This study assessed cold tolerance and cold-hardening of M. vitrata to understand its overwintering mechanism. Supercooling capacity was confirmed in all developmental stages exhibiting body freezing points at lower than -10°C, in which supercooling points (SCPs) were significantly different among developmental stages, with eggs having the lowest SCP (at -22.5°C). However, all developmental stages suffered significant mortality after being exposed to low temperatures much higher than SCPs. Furthermore, nonfreezing injury increased with elapsed time at 25°C after cold shock. One of the nonfreezing symptoms was a darkening on thorax, which was explained by uncontrolled prophenoloxidase activation. Pre-exposure to 8°C for 1 h significantly increased the survival of both young and old larvae to a low-temperature treatment (-5°C for 1 h). Rapid cold-hardening (RCH) was accompanied by significant increase in hemolymph trehalose concentration. During RCH, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase was significantly upregulated in its expression level. These results suggest that M. vitrata is a freeze-susceptible species and becomes cold-hardy via hypertrehalosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea
| | - Jin Kyo Jung
- Division of Crop Cultivation and Environment Research, Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea
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Differential responses of body growth to artificial warming between parasitoids and hosts and the consequences for plant seed damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15472. [PMID: 29133829 PMCID: PMC5684347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature increase may disrupt trophic interactions by differentially changing body growth of the species involved. In this study, we tested whether the response of body growth to artificial warming (~2.2 °C) of a solitary koinobiont endo-parasitoid wasp (Pteromalus albipennis, Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) differed from its main host tephritid fly (Tephritis femoralis, Diptera: Tephritidae; pre-dispersal seed predator), and whether the plant seed damage caused by wasp-parasitized and unparasitized maggots (larval flies) were altered by warming. In contrast to the significant and season-dependent effects of warming on body growth of the host tephritid fly reported in one of our previous studies, the effect of artificial warming on body growth was non-significant on the studied wasp. Moreover, the warming effect on seed damage due to unparasitized maggots was significant and varied with season, but the damage by parasitized maggots was not altered by warming. Distinct responses of body growth to warming between parasitoids studied here and hosts assessed in a previous study indicate that temperature increase may differentially affect life history traits of animals along food chains, which is likely to affect trophic interactions.
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Aldrin M, Huseby R, Stien A, Grøntvedt R, Viljugrein H, Jansen P. A stage-structured Bayesian hierarchical model for salmon lice populations at individual salmon farms – Estimated from multiple farm data sets. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Mitani N, Mougi A. Population cycles emerging through multiple interaction types. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170536. [PMID: 28989759 PMCID: PMC5627099 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic dynamics of populations are outstanding and widespread phenomena across many taxa. Previous theoretical studies have mainly focused on the consumer-resource interaction as the driving force for such cycling. However, natural ecosystems comprise diverse types of species interactions, but their roles in population dynamics remains unclear. Here, using a four-species hybrid module with antagonistic, mutualistic and competitive interactions, we analytically showed that the system with major interaction types can drive population cycles. Stronger interactions easily cause cycling, and even when sub-modules with possible combinations of two interactions are stabilized by weak interactions, the system with all interaction types can cause unstable population oscillations. Diversity of interaction types allows to add mutualists to the list of drivers of oscillations in a focal species' population size, when they act in conjunction to other drivers.
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Cressler CE, Bengtson S, Nelson WA. Unexpected Nongenetic Individual Heterogeneity and Trait Covariance in Daphnia and Its Consequences for Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics. Am Nat 2017; 190:E13-E27. [DOI: 10.1086/691779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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39
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Barraquand F, Louca S, Abbott KC, Cobbold CA, Cordoleani F, DeAngelis DL, Elderd BD, Fox JW, Greenwood P, Hilker FM, Murray DL, Stieha CR, Taylor RA, Vitense K, Wolkowicz GS, Tyson RC. Moving forward in circles: challenges and opportunities in modelling population cycles. Ecol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Barraquand
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology University of Tromsø Tromsø Norway
- Integrative and Theoretical Ecology Chair, LabEx COTE University of Bordeaux Pessac France
| | - Stilianos Louca
- Institute of Applied Mathematics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Karen C. Abbott
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Flora Cordoleani
- Institute of Marine Science University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | - Bret D. Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences Lousiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Jeremy W. Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary ABCanada
| | | | - Frank M. Hilker
- Institute of Environmental Systems Research, School of Mathematics/Computer Science Osnabrück University Osnabrück Germany
| | - Dennis L. Murray
- Integrative Wildlife Conservation Lab Trent University Peterborough ONCanada
| | - Christopher R. Stieha
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Rachel A. Taylor
- Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FLUSA
| | - Kelsey Vitense
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Gail S.K. Wolkowicz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Tyson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna BC Canada
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40
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Wade RN, Karley AJ, Johnson SN, Hartley SE. Impact of predicted precipitation scenarios on multitrophic interactions. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N. Wade
- University of York Wentworth Way YorkYO10 5DD UK
- The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie DundeeDD2 5DA UK
| | | | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW2751 Australia
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Wills PJ, Anjana M, Nitin M, Varun R, Sachidanandan P, Jacob TM, Lilly M, Thampan RV, Karthikeya Varma K. Population Explosions of Tiger Moth Lead to Lepidopterism Mimicking Infectious Fever Outbreaks. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152787. [PMID: 27073878 PMCID: PMC4830441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepidopterism is a disease caused by the urticating scales and toxic fluids of adult moths, butterflies or its caterpillars. The resulting cutaneous eruptions and systemic problems progress to clinical complications sometimes leading to death. High incidence of fever epidemics were associated with massive outbreaks of tiger moth Asota caricae adult populations during monsoon in Kerala, India. A significant number of monsoon related fever characteristic to lepidopterism was erroneously treated as infectious fevers due to lookalike symptoms. To diagnose tiger moth lepidopterism, we conducted immunoblots for tiger moth specific IgE in fever patients' sera. We selected a cohort of patients (n = 155) with hallmark symptoms of infectious fevers but were tested negative to infectious fevers. In these cases, the total IgE was elevated and was detected positive (78.6%) for tiger moth specific IgE allergens. Chemical characterization of caterpillar and adult moth fluids was performed by HPLC and GC-MS analysis and structural identification of moth scales was performed by SEM analysis. The body fluids and chitinous scales were found to be highly toxic and inflammatory in nature. To replicate the disease in experimental model, wistar rats were exposed to live tiger moths in a dose dependant manner and observed similar clinico-pathological complications reported during the fever epidemics. Further, to link larval abundance and fever epidemics we conducted cointegration test for the period 2009 to 2012 and physical presence of the tiger moths were found to be cointegrated with fever epidemics. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrate that inhalation of aerosols containing tiger moth fluids, scales and hairs cause systemic reactions that can be fatal to human. All these evidences points to the possible involvement of tiger moth disease as a major cause to the massive and fatal fever epidemics observed in Kerala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallara Janardhanan Wills
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohan Anjana
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Mohan Nitin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raghuveeran Varun
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Madhavan Lilly
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Raghava Varman Thampan
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Koyikkal Karthikeya Varma
- MIMS Research Foundation, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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43
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Sullivan MJP, Thomsen MA, Suttle KB. Grassland responses to increased rainfall depend on the timescale of forcing. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1655-1665. [PMID: 26833671 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting impacts of future climate change is an important challenge to biologists, both for understanding the consequences of different emissions trajectories and for developing adaptation measures that will minimize biodiversity loss. Existing variation provides a window into the effects of climate on species and ecosystems, but in many places does not encompass the levels or timeframes of forcing expected under directional climatic change. Experiments help us to fill in these uncertainties, simulating directional shifts to examine outcomes of new levels and sustained changes in conditions. Here, we explore the translation between short-term responses to climate variability and longer-term trajectories that emerge under directional climatic change. In a decade-long experiment, we compare effects of short-term and long-term forcings across three trophic levels in grassland plots subjected to natural and experimental variation in precipitation. For some biological responses (plant productivity), responses to long-term extension of the rainy season were consistent with short-term responses, while for others (plant species richness, abundance of invertebrate herbivores and predators), there was pronounced divergence of long-term trajectories from short-term responses. These differences between biological responses mean that sustained directional changes in climate can restructure ecological relationships characterizing a system. Importantly, a positive relationship between plant diversity and productivity turned negative under one scenario of climate change, with a similar change in the relationship between plant productivity and consumer biomass. Inferences from experiments such as this form an important part of wider efforts to understand the complexities of climate change responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith A Thomsen
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - K B Suttle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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Abstract
Temperature imposes a constraint on the rates and outcomes of ecological processes that determine community- and ecosystem-level patterns. The application of metabolic scaling theory has advanced our understanding of the influence of temperature on pattern and process in marine communities. Metabolic scaling theory uses the fundamental and ubiquitous patterns of temperature-dependent metabolism to predict how environmental temperature influences patterns and processes at higher levels of biological organization. Here, we outline some of these predictions to review recent advances and illustrate how scaling theory might be applied to new challenges. For example, warming can alter species interactions and food-web structure and can also reduce total animal biomass supportable by a given amount of primary production by increasing animal metabolism and energetic demand. Additionally, within a species, larval development is faster in warmer water, potentially influencing dispersal and other demographic processes like population connectivity and gene flow. These predictions can be extended further to address major questions in marine ecology, and present an opportunity for conceptual unification of marine ecological research across levels of biological organization. Drawing on work by ecologists and oceanographers over the last century, a metabolic scaling approach represents a promising way forward for applying ecological understanding to basic questions as well as conservation challenges.
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45
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Tuff KT, Tuff T, Davies KF. A framework for integrating thermal biology into fragmentation research. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:361-74. [PMID: 26892491 PMCID: PMC4794773 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation changes thermal conditions in remnant patches, and thermal conditions strongly influence organism morphology, distribution, and activity patterns. However, few studies explore temperature as a mechanism driving ecological responses to fragmentation. Here we offer a conceptual framework that integrates thermal biology into fragmentation research to better understand individual, species, community, and ecosystem-level responses to fragmentation. Specifically, the framework addresses how fragmentation changes temperature and how the effects of those temperature changes spread through the ecosystem, from organism response via thermal sensitivity, to changes in species distribution and activity patterns, to shifts in community structure following species' responses, and ultimately to changes in ecosystem functions. We place a strong emphasis on future research directions by outlining "Critical gaps" for each step of the framework. Empirical efforts to apply and test this framework promise new understanding of fragmentation's ecological consequences and new strategies for conservation in an increasingly fragmented and warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Tuff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - T Tuff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - K F Davies
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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46
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Heesterbeek JAP, Roberts MG. How mathematical epidemiology became a field of biology: a commentary on Anderson and May (1981) 'The population dynamics of microparasites and their invertebrate hosts'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:rstb.2014.0307. [PMID: 25750231 PMCID: PMC4360116 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the context, content and importance of the paper ‘The population dynamics of microparasites and their invertebrate hosts’, by R. M. Anderson and R. M. May, published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society as a stand-alone issue in 1981. We do this from the broader perspective of the study of infectious disease dynamics, rather than the specific perspective of the dynamics of insect pathogens. We argue that their 1981 paper fits seamlessly in the systematic study of infectious disease dynamics that was initiated by the authors in 1978, combining effective use of simple mathematical models, firmly rooted in biology, with observable or empirically measurable ingredients and quantities, and promoting extensive capacity building. This systematic approach, taking ecology and biology rather than applied mathematics as the motivation for advance, proved essential for the maturation of the field, and culminated in their landmark textbook of 1991. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A P Heesterbeek
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - M G Roberts
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Infectious Disease Research Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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Benedetti-Cecchi L, Canepa A, Fuentes V, Tamburello L, Purcell JE, Piraino S, Roberts J, Boero F, Halpin P. Deterministic Factors Overwhelm Stochastic Environmental Fluctuations as Drivers of Jellyfish Outbreaks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141060. [PMID: 26485278 PMCID: PMC4617864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish outbreaks are increasingly viewed as a deterministic response to escalating levels of environmental degradation and climate extremes. However, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of deterministic drivers and stochastic environmental variations favouring population renewal processes has remained elusive. This study quantifies the deterministic and stochastic components of environmental change that lead to outbreaks of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the Mediterranen Sea. Using data of jellyfish abundance collected at 241 sites along the Catalan coast from 2007 to 2010 we: (1) tested hypotheses about the influence of time-varying and spatial predictors of jellyfish outbreaks; (2) evaluated the relative importance of stochastic vs. deterministic forcing of outbreaks through the environmental bootstrap method; and (3) quantified return times of extreme events. Outbreaks were common in May and June and less likely in other summer months, which resulted in a negative relationship between outbreaks and SST. Cross- and along-shore advection by geostrophic flow were important concentrating forces of jellyfish, but most outbreaks occurred in the proximity of two canyons in the northern part of the study area. This result supported the recent hypothesis that canyons can funnel P. noctiluca blooms towards shore during upwelling. This can be a general, yet unappreciated mechanism leading to outbreaks of holoplanktonic jellyfish species. The environmental bootstrap indicated that stochastic environmental fluctuations have negligible effects on return times of outbreaks. Our analysis emphasized the importance of deterministic processes leading to jellyfish outbreaks compared to the stochastic component of environmental variation. A better understanding of how environmental drivers affect demographic and population processes in jellyfish species will increase the ability to anticipate jellyfish outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Canepa
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Fuentes
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICM-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Tamburello
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jennifer E. Purcell
- Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy
- Western Washington University, Shannon Point Marine Center, Anacortes, Washington 98221, United States of America
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy
| | - Jason Roberts
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Università del Salento, CoNISMa via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, LE, Italy
- CNR-ISMAR, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrick Halpin
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Mishra M, Lomate PR, Joshi RS, Punekar SA, Gupta VS, Giri AP. Ecological turmoil in evolutionary dynamics of plant-insect interactions: defense to offence. PLANTA 2015; 242:761-771. [PMID: 26159435 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Available history manifests contemporary diversity that exists in plant-insect interactions. A radical thinking is necessary for developing strategies that can co-opt natural insect-plant mutualism, ecology and environmental safety for crop protection since current agricultural practices can reduce species richness and evenness. The global environmental changes, such as increased temperature, CO₂ and ozone levels, biological invasions, land-use change and habitat fragmentation together play a significant role in re-shaping the plant-insect multi-trophic interactions. Diverse natural products need to be studied and explored for their biological functions as insect pest control agents. In order to assure the success of an integrated pest management strategy, human activities need to be harmonized to minimize the global climate changes. Plant-insect interaction is one of the most primitive and co-evolved associations, often influenced by surrounding changes. In this review, we account the persistence and evolution of plant-insect interactions, with particular focus on the effect of climate change and human interference on these interactions. Plants and insects have been maintaining their existence through a mutual service-resource relationship while defending themselves. We provide a comprehensive catalog of various defense strategies employed by the plants and/or insects. Furthermore, several important factors such as accelerated diversification, imbalance in the mutualism, and chemical arms race between plants and insects as indirect consequences of human practices are highlighted. Inappropriate implementation of several modern agricultural practices has resulted in (i) endangered mutualisms, (ii) pest status and resistance in insects and (iii) ecological instability. Moreover, altered environmental conditions eventually triggered the resetting of plant-insect interactions. Hence, multitrophic approaches that can harmonize human activities and minimize their interference in native plant-insect interactions are needed to maintain natural balance between the existence of plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, MS, India
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Liu JF, Yang MF, Hu JF, Han C. Effects of Temperature on Development and Survival of Orthopygia glaucinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Reared on Platycarya strobilacea. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:504-514. [PMID: 26470161 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The larvae of Orthopygia glaucinalis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are used to produce insect tea in Guizhou, China. We investigated the development and survival of O. glaucinalis reared on dried leaves of Platycarya strobilacea under laboratory conditions at 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, and 37°C. The duration of development from egg deposition to adult emergence decreased significantly with increasing temperature from 19 to 31°C, whereas the duration of egg and overall development significantly increased at 34°C. Based on the extreme-value distribution function, the optimal temperature for survival of overall development was 24.89°C, and the larval stage was most susceptible to temperature extremes. The common linear model and the Ikemoto and Takai linear model were used to determine the relationship between temperature and the developmental rate, and estimated the low-temperature threshold (11.44 and 11.62°C, respectively) and the threshold constant (1220.70 and 1203.58 degree-days, respectively) of O. glaucinalis. Nonlinear models were used to assess in fitting the experiment data and to estimate the high temperature thresholds (34.00 to 39.08°C) and optimal temperatures (31.61 to 33.45°C). An intrinsic optimal temperature of 24.18°C was estimated for overall development using the Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto (SSI) model. Model-averaged parameter estimates and the unconditional standard error were also estimated for the temperature thresholds. Based on the biological parameters and model selection, we concluded that common linear, Lactin-1, and SSI models performed better for predicting the temperature-dependent development of O. glaucinalis. Our findings enable breeders to optimize the developmental rate of O. glaucinalis and improve the yield of insect tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Xiahui Rd., Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Xiahui Rd., Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Feng Hu
- Agricultural Bureau of Huaxi District, Mingzhu Rd., Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P. R. China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Xiahui Rd., Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, P. R. China
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Li W, Yang Y, Xie W, Wu Q, Xu B, Wang S, Zhu X, Wang S, Zhang Y. Effects of Temperature on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:126-134. [PMID: 26470112 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tou011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demographics of Bradysia odoriphaga were examined with an age-stage, two-sex life table that was developed at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C under controlled conditions. The intrinsic rate of increase and mean generation time were 0.0574 and 48.08 d at 15°C, 0.1175 and 30.09 d at 20°C, 0.1369 and 26.31 d at 25°C, and 0.1247 and 26.55 d at 30°C, respectively. The gross reproductive rate (GRR), the net reproductive rate (R0), and the pre-adult survivorship (la) were consistent with the relationship R0<la×GRR<GRR. Development was slower at 15°C than at the other temperatures. The mean duration of the total pre-adult stages was 38.01, 27.62, 23.74, and 24.10 d at 15, 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. The highest values for the intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and fecundity (0.1369 d(-1), 1.147 d(-1), and 50.53 eggs, respectively) and the shortest mean generation time were at 25°C. Still, B. odoriphaga was able to develop, survive, and reproduce across the entire temperature range (15-30°C). This study provides insight into the temperature-dependent phenology of B. odoriphaga and will contribute to the modeling of its population dynamics and to its management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Li
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China. College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China. These authors have equally contributed to this work
| | - Yuting Yang
- These authors have equally contributed to this work. Department of Agriculture of Yangtze University, Jingzhou Hubei 434000, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Baoyun Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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