1
|
Guigard L, Jobert L, Busset N, Moulin L, Czernic P. Symbiotic compatibility between rice cultivars and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi genotypes affects rice growth and mycorrhiza-induced resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278990. [PMID: 37941658 PMCID: PMC10628536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to the Glomeromycota clade and can form root symbioses with 80% of Angiosperms, including crops species such as wheat, maize and rice. By increasing nutrient availability, uptake and soil anchoring of plants, AMF can improve plant's growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses. AMF can also reduce symptoms and pathogen load on infected plants, both locally and systemically, through a phenomenon called mycorrhiza induced resistance (MIR). There is scarce information on rice mycorrhization, despite the high potential of this symbiosis in a context of sustainable water management in rice production systems. Methods We studied the symbiotic compatibility (global mycorrhization & arbuscules intensity) and MIR phenotypes between six rice cultivars from two subspecies (indica: IR64 & Phka Rumduol; japonica: Nipponbare, Kitaake, Azucena & Zhonghua 11) and three AMF genotypes (Funneliformis mosseae FR140 (FM), Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 (RIR) & R. intraradices FR121 (RIN)). The impact of mycorrhization on rice growth and defence response to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) infection was recorded via both phenotypic indexes and rice marker gene expression studies. Results All three AMF genotypes colonise the roots of all rice varieties, with clear differences in efficiency depending on the combination under study (from 27% to 84% for Phka Rumduol-RIN and Nipponbare-RIR combinations, respectively). Mycorrhization significantly (α=0.05) induced negative to beneficial effects on rice growth (impact on dry weight ranging from -21% to 227% on Azucena-FM and Kitaake-RIN combinations, respectively), and neutral to beneficial effects on the extent of Xoo symptoms on leaves (except for Azucena-RIN combination which showed a 68% increase of chlorosis). R. irregularis DAOM197198 was the most compatible AMF partner of rice, with high root colonisation intensity (84% of Nipponbare's roots hyphal colonisation), beneficial effects on rice growth (dry weight +28% (IR64) to +178% (Kitaake)) and decrease of Xoo-induced symptoms (-6% (Nipponbare) to -27% (IR64)). Transcriptomic analyses by RT-qPCR on leaves of two rice cultivars contrasting in their association with AMF show two different patterns of response on several physiological marker genes. Discussion Overall, the symbiotic compatibility between rice cultivars and AMF demonstrates adequate colonization, effectively restricting the nutrient starvation response and mitigating symptoms of phytopathogenic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Czernic
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Cao H, Wang M, Zou Z, Zhou P, Wang X, Jin J. A review of iodine in plants with biofortification: Uptake, accumulation, transportation, function, and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163203. [PMID: 37004776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency can cause thyroid disease, a serious health problem that has been affecting humans since several years. The biofortification of plants with iodine is an effective strategy for regulating iodine content in humans. In addition, radioiodine released into the atmosphere may contaminate terrestrial ecosystem along with dry or wet deposition and its accumulation in plants may cause exposure risks to humans via food chain. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms related to iodine uptake, elementary speciation, dynamic transportation, nutritional role, and toxicity in plants is reviewed here. First, we introduced the iodine cycle in a marine-atmosphere-land system. The content and speciation of iodine in plants under natural conditions and biofortification backgrounds were also analyzed. We then discussed the mechanisms of iodine uptake and efflux by plants. The promotion or inhibition effects of iodine on plant growth were also investigated. Finally, the participation of radioiodine in plant growth and its safety risks along the food chain were evaluated. Furthermore, future challenges and opportunities for understanding the participation of iodine in plants have been outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Han Cao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Ziwei Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
| | - Jie Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tianyi Y, Farooq A, Mohiuddin M, Farooq A, Gonzalez NCT, Abbasi A, Hina A, Irshad M. Role of different organic and inorganic amendments in the biofortification of iodine in Coriandrum sativum crop. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1145979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDDs) is one of the most prevailing and common health issues in mountainous communities. An effective way to control the prevalence and emergence of IDDs in remote areas is to use iodized salt. However, recent studies indicated that iodized salt is mostly lost during the cooking process. The current study of iodine biofortification differed from the previous studies in two main aspects: it involved exogenous organic iodine (OI), and inorganic iodine such as potassium iodide (KI), added in the amended soils, which previous studies did not consider. Moreover, the translocation, transformation, and distribution of iodine from soil to plants are poorly understood in amended soil. Thus, identifying an effective management option to enhance iodine (I) bioavailability in nutrient-deficient soils is currently a significant challenge. Therefore, a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic soil amendments on the uptake of different iodine sources in coriander crops. Results showed that applying an inorganic iodine source significantly enhanced the iodine edible part of the crop compared to the control (p < 0.05). The application of soil amendments relatively improved iodine uptake by the coriander crop compared to the control. The highest iodine was found in crop tissues grown in wood ash-amended soil supplemented with KI (291.97 μg kg−1). The KI uptake was significantly higher than the OI (p < 0.05). Compared to OI, a higher translocation factor (0.96) and distribution coefficient (3.51) were found for plants treated with KI. Thus, this study indicates that a suitable soil amendment can be a better option for iodine biofortification and that it can serve as an alternative to iodized salt in preventing IDDs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Soil matrix properties influence microbial behaviors that underlie nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas production, and soil formation. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of soils makes it challenging to untangle the effects of different matrix properties on microbial behaviors. To address this challenge, we developed a tunable artificial soil recipe and used these materials to study the abiotic mechanisms driving soil microbial growth and communication. When we used standardized matrices with varying textures to culture gas-reporting biosensors, we found that a Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) grew best in synthetic silt soils, remaining active over a wide range of soil matric potentials, while a Gram-positive bacterium (Bacillus subtilis) preferred sandy soils, sporulating at low water potentials. Soil texture, mineralogy, and alkalinity all attenuated the bioavailability of an acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecule that controls community-level microbial behaviors. Texture controlled the timing of AHL sensing, while AHL bioavailability was decreased ~105-fold by mineralogy and ~103-fold by alkalinity. Finally, we built artificial soils with a range of complexities that converge on the properties of one Mollisol. As artificial soil complexity increased to more closely resemble the Mollisol, microbial behaviors approached those occurring in the natural soil, with the notable exception of organic matter. IMPORTANCE Understanding environmental controls on soil microbes is difficult because many abiotic parameters vary simultaneously and uncontrollably when different natural soils are compared, preventing mechanistic determination of any individual soil parameter's effect on microbial behaviors. We describe how soil texture, mineralogy, pH, and organic matter content can be varied individually within artificial soils to study their effects on soil microbes. Using microbial biosensors that report by producing a rare indicator gas, we identify soil properties that control microbial growth and attenuate the bioavailability of a diffusible chemical used to control community-level behaviors. We find that artificial soils differentially affect signal bioavailability and the growth of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) microbes. These artificial soils are useful for studying the mechanisms that underlie soil controls on microbial fitness, signaling, and gene transfer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen HT, Mantelin S, Ha CV, Lorieux M, Jones JT, Mai CD, Bellafiore S. Insights Into the Genetics of the Zhonghua 11 Resistance to Meloidogyne graminicola and Its Molecular Determinism in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854961. [PMID: 35599898 PMCID: PMC9116194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne graminicola is a widely spread nematode pest of rice that reduces crop yield up to 20% on average in Asia, with devastating consequences for local and global rice production. Due to the ban on many chemical nematicides and the recent changes in water management practices in rice agriculture, an even greater impact of M. graminicola can be expected in the future, stressing the demand for the development of new sustainable nematode management solutions. Recently, a source of resistance to M. graminicola was identified in the Oryza sativa japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11 (Zh11). In the present study, we examine the genetics of the Zh11 resistance to M. graminicola and provide new insights into its cellular and molecular mechanisms. The segregation of the resistance in F2 hybrid populations indicated that two dominant genes may be contributing to the resistance. The incompatible interaction of M. graminicola in Zh11 was distinguished by a lack of swelling of the root tips normally observed in compatible interactions. At the cellular level, the incompatible interaction was characterised by a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the vicinity of the nematodes, accompanied by extensive necrosis of neighbouring cells. The expression profiles of several genes involved in plant immunity were analysed at the early stages of infection during compatible (susceptible plant) and incompatible (resistant plant) interactions. Notably, the expression of OsAtg4 and OsAtg7, significantly increased in roots of resistant plants in parallel with the cell death response, suggesting that autophagy is activated and may contribute to the resistance-mediated hypersensitive response. Similarly, transcriptional regulation of genes involved in hormonal pathways in Zh11 indicated that salicylate signalling may be important in the resistance response towards M. graminicola. Finally, the nature of the resistance to M. graminicola and the potential exploitation of the Zh11 resistance for breeding are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Nguyen
- LMI RICE-2, Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sophie Mantelin
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cuong Viet Ha
- Research Center of Tropical Plant Disease, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mathias Lorieux
- DIADE, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - John T. Jones
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Chung Duc Mai
- LMI RICE-2, Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Stéphane Bellafiore
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duborská E, Balíková K, Matulová M, Zvěřina O, Farkas B, Littera P, Urík M. Production of Methyl-Iodide in the Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:804081. [PMID: 35003036 PMCID: PMC8733467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.804081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient for most of the living beings, including humans. Besides its indispensable role in animals, it also plays an important role in the environment. It undergoes several chemical and biological transformations resulting in the production of volatile methylated iodides, which play a key role in the iodine's global geochemical cycle. Since it can also mitigate the process of climate change, it is reasonable to study its biogeochemistry. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide information on its origin, global fluxes and mechanisms of production in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Duborská
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Balíková
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Matulová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondřej Zvěřina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Bence Farkas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Littera
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Urík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeted knockout of the gene OsHOL1 removes methyl iodide emissions from rice plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17010. [PMID: 34426588 PMCID: PMC8382704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency represents a public health problem worldwide. To increase the amount of iodine in the diet, biofortification strategies of plants have been tried. They rely on the exogenous administration of iodine to increase its absorption and accumulation. However, iodine is not stable in plants and can be volatilized as methyl iodide through the action of specific methyltransferases encoded by the HARMLESS TO OZONE LAYER (HOL) genes. The release of methyl iodide in the atmosphere represents a threat for the environment due to its ozone depletion potential. Rice paddies are among the strongest producers of methyl iodide. Thus, the agronomic approach of iodine biofortification is not appropriate for this crop, leading to further increases of iodine emissions. In this work, we used the genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout the rice HOL genes and investigate their function. OsHOL1 resulted a major player in methyl iodide production, since its knockout abolished the process. Moreover, its overexpression reinforced it. Conversely, knockout of OsHOL2 did not produce effects. Our experiments helped elucidating the function of the rice HOL genes, providing tools to develop new rice varieties with reduced iodine emissions and thus more suitable for biofortification programs without further impacting on the environment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kröber E, Wende S, Kanukollu S, Buchen-Tschiskale C, Besaury L, Keppler F, Vuilleumier S, Kolb S, Bringel F. 13 C-chloromethane incubations provide evidence for novel bacterial chloromethane degraders in a living tree fern. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4450-4465. [PMID: 34121306 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3 Cl) is the most abundant halogenated volatile organic compound in the atmosphere and contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. CH3 Cl has mainly natural sources such as emissions from vegetation. In particular, ferns have been recognized as strong emitters. Mitigation of CH3 Cl to the atmosphere by methylotrophic bacteria, a global sink for this compound, is likely underestimated and remains poorly characterized. We identified and characterized CH3 Cl-degrading bacteria associated with intact and living tree fern plants of the species Cyathea australis by stable isotope probing (SIP) with 13 C-labelled CH3 Cl combined with metagenomics. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) related to Methylobacterium and Friedmanniella were identified as being involved in the degradation of CH3 Cl in the phyllosphere, i.e., the aerial parts of the tree fern, while a MAG related to Sorangium was linked to CH3 Cl degradation in the fern rhizosphere. The only known metabolic pathway for CH3 Cl degradation, via a methyltransferase system including the gene cmuA, was not detected in metagenomes or MAGs identified by SIP. Hence, a yet uncharacterized methylotrophic cmuA-independent pathway may drive CH3 Cl degradation in the investigated tree ferns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Kröber
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, RA Landscape Functioning, ZALF Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Wende
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, RA Landscape Functioning, ZALF Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Saranya Kanukollu
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, RA Landscape Functioning, ZALF Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale
- Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gas Fluxes, RA Landscape Functioning, ZALF Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ludovic Besaury
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, RA Landscape Functioning, ZALF Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany.,Thaer Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Françoise Bringel
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gómez-Consarnau L, Klein NJ, Cutter LS, Sañudo-Wilhelmy SA. Growth rate-dependent synthesis of halomethanes in marine heterotrophic bacteria and its implications for the ozone layer recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:77-85. [PMID: 33185965 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halomethanes (e.g., CH3 Cl, CH3 Br, CH3 I and CHBr3 ) are ozone-depleting compounds that, in contrast to the human-made chlorofluorocarbons, marine organisms synthesize naturally. Therefore, their production cannot be totally controlled by human action. However, identifying all their natural sources and understanding their synthesis regulation can help to predict their production rates and their impact on the future recovery of the Earth's ozone layer. Here we show that the synthesis of mono-halogenated halocarbons CH3 Cl, CH3 Br, and CH3 I is a generalized process in representatives of the major marine heterotrophic bacteria groups. Furthermore, halomethane production was growth rate dependent in all the strains we studied, implying uniform synthesis regulation patterns among bacterioplankton. Using these experimental observations and in situ halomethane concentrations, we further evaluated the potential production rates associated with higher bacterial growth rates in response to global warming in a coastal environment within the Southern California Bight. Our estimates show that a 3°C temperature rise would translate into a 35%-84% increase in halomethane production rate by 2100. Overall, these data suggest that marine heterotrophic bacteria are significant producers of these climate-relevant gases and that their contribution to the atmospheric halogen budget could increase in the future, impacting the ozone layer recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Consarnau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Nick J Klein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lynda S Cutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sergio A Sañudo-Wilhelmy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hughey KD, Tonkyn RG, Harper WW, Young VL, Myers TL, Johnson TJ. Preliminary studies of UV photolysis of gas-phase CH3I in air: Time-resolved infrared identification of methanol and formaldehyde products. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Svensson T, Kylin H, Montelius M, Sandén P, Bastviken D. Chlorine cycling and the fate of Cl in terrestrial environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7691-7709. [PMID: 33400105 PMCID: PMC7854439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl) in the terrestrial environment is of interest from multiple perspectives, including the use of chloride as a tracer for water flow and contaminant transport, organochlorine pollutants, Cl cycling, radioactive waste (radioecology; 36Cl is of large concern) and plant science (Cl as essential element for living plants). During the past decades, there has been a rapid development towards improved understanding of the terrestrial Cl cycle. There is a ubiquitous and extensive natural chlorination of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems where naturally formed chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) in soil frequently exceed the abundance of chloride. Chloride dominates import and export from terrestrial ecosystems while soil Clorg and biomass Cl can dominate the standing stock Cl. This has important implications for Cl transport, as chloride will enter the Cl pools resulting in prolonged residence times. Clearly, these pools must be considered separately in future monitoring programs addressing Cl cycling. Moreover, there are indications that (1) large amounts of Cl can accumulate in biomass, in some cases representing the main Cl pool; (2) emissions of volatile organic chlorines could be a significant export pathway of Cl and (3) that there is a production of Clorg in tissues of, e.g. plants and animals and that Cl can accumulate as, e.g. chlorinated fatty acids in organisms. Yet, data focusing on ecosystem perspectives and combined spatiotemporal variability regarding various Cl pools are still scarce, and the processes and ecological roles of the extensive biological Cl cycling are still poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Svensson
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Kylin
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Malin Montelius
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Per Sandén
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fulk EM, Huh D, Atkinson JT, Lie M, Masiello CA, Silberg JJ. A Split Methyl Halide Transferase AND Gate That Reports by Synthesizing an Indicator Gas. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3104-3113. [PMID: 33104325 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring microbial reactions in highly opaque or autofluorescent environments like soils, seawater, and wastewater remains challenging. To develop a simple approach for observing post-translational reactions within microbes situated in environmental matrices, we designed a methyl halide transferase (MHT) fragment complementation assay that reports by synthesizing an indicator gas. We show that backbone fission within regions of high sequence variability in the Rossmann domain yields split MHT (sMHT) AND gates whose fragments cooperatively associate to synthesize CH3Br. Additionally, we identify a sMHT whose fragments require fusion to pairs of interacting partner proteins for maximal activity. We also show that sMHT fragments fused to FKBP12 and the FKBP-rapamycin binding domain of mTOR display significantly enhanced CH3Br production in the presence of rapamycin. This gas production is reversed in the presence of the competitive inhibitor of FKBP12/FKPB dimerization, indicating that sMHT is a reversible reporter of post-translational reactions. This sMHT represents the first genetic AND gate that reports on protein-protein interactions via an indicator gas. Because indicator gases can be measured in the headspaces of complex environmental samples, this assay should be useful for monitoring the dynamics of diverse molecular interactions within microbes situated in hard-to-image marine and terrestrial matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Fulk
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-180, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dongkuk Huh
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Joshua T. Atkinson
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Margaret Lie
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Caroline A. Masiello
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, MS 126, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-142, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang W, Jiao Y, Zhu R, Rhew RC. Methyl Chloride and Methyl Bromide Production and Consumption in Coastal Antarctic Tundra Soils Subject to Sea Animal Activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13354-13363. [PMID: 32935983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) are the predominant carriers of natural chlorine and bromine from the troposphere to the stratosphere, which can catalyze the destruction of stratospheric ozone. Here, penguin colony soils (PCS) and the adjacent tundra soils (i.e., penguin-lacking colony soils, PLS), seal colony soils (SCS), tundra marsh soils (TMS), and normal upland tundra soils (UTS) in coastal Antarctica were collected and incubated for the first time to confirm that these soils were CH3Cl and CH3Br sources or sinks. Overall, tundra soil acted as a net sink for CH3Cl and CH3Br with potential flux ranges from -18.1 to -2.8 pmol g-1 d-1 and -1.32 to -0.24 pmol g-1 d-1, respectively. The deposition of penguin guano or seal excrement into tundra soils facilitated the simultaneous production of CH3Cl and CH3Br and resulted in a smaller sink in PCS, SCS, and PLS. Laboratory-based thermal treatments and anaerobic incubation experiments suggested that the consumption of CH3Cl and CH3Br was predominantly mediated by microbes while the production was abiotic and O2 independent. Temperature gradient incubations revealed that increasing soil temperature promoted the consumption of CH3Cl and CH3Br in UTS, suggesting that the regional sink may increase with Antarctic warming, depending on changes in soil moisture and abiotic production rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Jiao
- Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Robert C Rhew
- Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mohan M, Akula D, Dhillon A, Goyal A, Anindya R. Human RAD51 paralogue RAD51C fosters repair of alkylated DNA by interacting with the ALKBH3 demethylase. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11729-11745. [PMID: 31642493 PMCID: PMC7145530 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of our DNA is challenged daily by a variety of chemicals that cause DNA base alkylation. DNA alkylation repair is an essential cellular defence mechanism to prevent the cytotoxicity or mutagenesis from DNA alkylating chemicals. Human oxidative demethylase ALKBH3 is a central component of alkylation repair, especially from single-stranded DNA. However, the molecular mechanism of ALKBH3-mediated damage recognition and repair is less understood. We report that ALKBH3 has a direct protein-protein interaction with human RAD51 paralogue RAD51C. We also provide evidence that RAD51C–ALKBH3 interaction stimulates ALKBH3-mediated repair of methyl-adduct located within 3′-tailed DNA, which serves as a substrate for the RAD51 recombinase. We further show that the lack of RAD51C–ALKBH3 interaction affects ALKBH3 function in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide a molecular mechanism underlying upstream events of alkyl adduct recognition and repair by ALKBH3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Deepa Akula
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| | - Arun Dhillon
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Tong T, Pu Y, Sun B, Zhu X, Yan Z. Insight Into the Formation Paths of Methyl Bromide From Syringic Acid in Aqueous Bromide Solutions Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062081. [PMID: 32245114 PMCID: PMC7142905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is one of the largest natural sources of bromine in the stratosphere, where it leads to ozone depletion. This paper reported the photochemical production of CH3Br from syringic acid (SA) that has been used as an environmentally relevant model compound for terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter. The formation of CH3Br increased with the increase of bromide ion concentration ranging from 0.8 to 80 mmol L−1. Ferric ions (Fe(III)) enhanced CH3Br production, while chloride inhibited it, with or without Fe(III). Meanwhile, methyl chloride (CH3Cl) was generated in the presence of chloride and was inhibited by Fe(III). The different effects of Fe(III) on the formation of CH3Cl and CH3Br indicate their diverse formation paths. Based on the intermediates identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the confirmation of the formation of Fe(III)-SA complexes, it was proposed that there were two formation paths of CH3Br from SA in the bromide-enriched water under simulated sunlight irradiation. One path was via nucleophilic attack of Br− on the excited state protonation of SA; the other was via the combination of methyl radical and bromine radical when Fe(III) was present. This work suggests that the photochemical formation of CH3Br may act as a potential natural source of CH3Br in the bromide-enriched environmental matrix, and helps in better understanding the formation mechanism of CH3Br.
Collapse
|
16
|
Keppler F, Röhling AN, Jaeger N, Schroll M, Hartmann SC, Greule M. Sources and sinks of chloromethane in a salt marsh ecosystem: constraints from concentration and stable isotope measurements of laboratory incubation experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:627-641. [PMID: 32080692 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00540d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is the most abundant long-lived chlorinated organic compound in the atmosphere and contributes significantly to natural stratospheric ozone depletion. Salt marsh ecosystems including halophyte plants are a known source of atmospheric CH3Cl but estimates of their total global source strength are highly uncertain and knowledge of the major production and consumption processes in the atmosphere-halophyte-soil system is yet incomplete. In this study we investigated the halophyte plant, Salicornia europaea, and soil samples from a coastal salt marsh site in Sardinia/Italy for their potential to emit and consume CH3Cl and using flux measurements, stable isotope techniques and Arrhenius plots differentiated between biotic and abiotic processes. Our laboratory approach clearly shows that at least 6 different production and consumption processes are active in controlling atmospheric CH3Cl fluxes of a salt marsh ecosystem. CH3Cl release by dried plant and soil material was substantially higher than that from the fresh material at temperatures ranging from 20 to 70 °C. Results of Arrhenius plots helped to distinguish between biotic and abiotic formation processes in plants and soils. Biotic CH3Cl consumption rates were highest at 30 °C for plants and 50 °C for soils, and microbial uptake was higher in soils with higher organic matter content. Stable isotope techniques helped to distinguish between formation and degradation processes and also provided a deeper insight into potential methyl moiety donor compounds, such as S-adenosyl-l-methionine, S-methylmethionine and pectin, that might be involved in the abiotic and biotic CH3Cl production processes. Our results clearly indicate that cycling of CH3Cl in salt marsh ecosystems is a result of several biotic and abiotic processes occurring simultaneously in the atmosphere-plant-soil system. Important precursor compounds for biotic and abiotic CH3Cl formation might be methionine derivatives and pectin. All formation and degradation processes are temperature dependent and thus environmental changes might affect the strength of each source and sink within salt marsh ecosystems and thus considerably alter total fluxes of CH3Cl from salt marsh ecosystems to the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Keppler F, Barnes JD, Horst A, Bahlmann E, Luo J, Nadalig T, Greule M, Hartmann SC, Vuilleumier S. Chlorine Isotope Fractionation of the Major Chloromethane Degradation Processes in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1634-1645. [PMID: 31880153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is an important source of chlorine in the stratosphere, but detailed knowledge of the magnitude of its sources and sinks is missing. Here, we measured the stable chlorine isotope fractionation (εCl) associated with the major abiotic and biotic CH3Cl sinks in the environment, namely, CH3Cl degradation by hydroxyl (·OH) and chlorine (·Cl) radicals in the troposphere and by reference bacteria Methylorubrum extorquens CM4 and Leisingera methylohalidivorans MB2 from terrestrial and marine environments, respectively. No chlorine isotope fractionation was detected for reaction of CH3Cl with ·OH and ·Cl radicals, whereas a large chlorine isotope fractionation (εCl) of -10.9 ± 0.7‰ (n = 3) and -9.4 ± 0.9 (n = 3) was found for CH3Cl degradation by M. extorquens CM4 and L. methylohalidivorans MB2, respectively. The large difference in chlorine isotope fractionation observed between tropospheric and bacterial degradation of CH3Cl provides an effective isotopic tool to characterize and distinguish between major abiotic and biotic processes contributing to the CH3Cl sink in the environment. Our findings demonstrate the potential of emerging triple-element isotopic approaches including chlorine to carbon and hydrogen analysis for the assessment of global cycling of organochlorines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 236 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jaime D Barnes
- Department of Geological Sciences , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Axel Horst
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstr.15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Enno Bahlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde , Seestrasse 15 , 18119 Rostock , Germany
| | - Jing Luo
- UMR 7156 CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie , Université de Strasbourg , 4 allée Konrad Roentgen , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Thierry Nadalig
- UMR 7156 CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie , Université de Strasbourg , 4 allée Konrad Roentgen , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 236 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - S Christoph Hartmann
- Institute of Earth Sciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 236 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- UMR 7156 CNRS Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie , Université de Strasbourg , 4 allée Konrad Roentgen , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bagwell CE, Zhong L, Wells JR, Mitroshkov AV, Qafoku NP. Microbial Methylation of Iodide in Unconfined Aquifer Sediments at the Hanford Site, USA. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2460. [PMID: 31708909 PMCID: PMC6821650 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete knowledge of environmental transformation reactions limits our ability to accurately inventory and predictably model the fate of radioiodine. The most prevalent chemical species of iodine include iodate (IO3−), iodide (I−), and organo-iodine. The emission of gaseous species could be a loss or flux term but these processes have not previously been investigated at radioiodine-impacted sites. We examined iodide methylation and volatilization for Hanford Site sediments from three different locations under native and organic substrate amended conditions at three iodide concentrations. Aqueous and gaseous sampling revealed methyl-iodide to be the only iodinated compound produced under biotic conditions. No abiotic transformations of iodide were measured. Methyl-iodide was produced by 52 out of 54 microcosms, regardless of prior exposure to iodine contamination or the experimental concentration. Interestingly, iodide volatilization activity was consistently higher under native (oligotrophic) Hanford sediment conditions. Carbon and nutrients were not only unnecessary for microbial activation, but supplementation resulted in >three-fold reduction in methyl-iodide formation. This investigation not only demonstrates the potential for iodine volatilization in deep, oligotrophic subsurface sediments at a nuclear waste site, but also emphasizes an important role for biotic methylation pathways to the long-term management and monitoring of radioiodine in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Bagwell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth Systems Science Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Lirong Zhong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth Systems Science Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Jacqueline R Wells
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth Systems Science Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Alexandre V Mitroshkov
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth Systems Science Division, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Earth Systems Science Division, Richland, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Halka M, Smoleń S, Czernicka M, Klimek-Chodacka M, Pitala J, Tutaj K. Iodine biofortification through expression of HMT, SAMT and S3H genes in Solanum lycopersicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:35-48. [PMID: 31557638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The uptake process and physiological reaction of plants to aromatic iodine compounds have not yet been documented. The aim of this research was to compare uptake by tomato plants of KI and KIO3, as well as of organic iodine compounds - 5-ISA (5-iodosalicylic acid), 3,5-diISA (3,5-diiodosalicylic acid), 2-IBeA (2-iodobenzoic acid), 4-IBeA (4-iodobenzoic acid) and 2,3,5-triIBeA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid). Only 2,3,5-triIBeA had a negative influence on plant development. All organic iodine compounds were taken up by roots and transported to leaves and fruits. Among all the compounds applied, the most efficiently transferred iodine was 2-IBeA - to fruits, and 4-IBeA - to leaves. The order of iodine accumulation in fruit cell compartments was as follows: organelles > cell walls > soluble portions of cells; for leaf and root cells, it was: organelles > cell walls or soluble portions, depending on the compound applied. The compounds studied influence iodine metabolism through expression of the HMT gene which encodes halide ion methyltransferase in leaves and roots. Also, their influence on modification of the activity of the SAMT and S3H genes that encode salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase and salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase was established. It was discovered that exogenously applied 5-ISA, 3,5-diISA, 2-IBeA and 4-IBeA are genuinely (endogenously) synthesised in tomato plants; to date, this has not been described for the tomato, nor for any other species of higher plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Halka
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sylwester Smoleń
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Czernicka
- Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pitala
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hou X, Kong W, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen W, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Abiotic Methylation of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with the Occurrence of Methyl Iodide in Aqueous Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2019; 6:558-564. [PMID: 33163543 PMCID: PMC7643859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant in the world. Its biotic methylation products, tetrabromobisphenol A mono- and dimethyl ether (TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME, respectively), are frequently detected in the environment, but the importance of abiotic methylation reactions of TBBPA in the environment is not known. In this study, the methylation of TBBPA mediated by methyl iodide (CH3I), a ubiquitous compound in aqueous environments, was investigated in simulated waters in the laboratory. It was found that abiotic methylation occurred under both light and dark conditions and was strongly affected by the pH, temperature, and natural organic matter concentration of the water. Abiotic methylation was further verified in natural river water, and the yield of TBBPA MME mediated abiotically by CH3I was much greater than that of biotic methylation. According to our calculations and by comparison of the activation energies (E a) for the abiotic methylation of TBBPA and the other four typical phenolic contaminants and/or metabolites (bisphenol A, triclosan, 5-OH-BDE-47, and 4'-OH-CB-61) mediated by CH3I, those phenolic compounds all show great methylation potentials. The results indicate a new abiotic pathway for generating TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME from TBBPA, and they also confirm the potentials for abiotic methylation of other phenolic contaminants in aqueous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fertitta-Roberts C, Oikawa PY, Darrel Jenerette G. Evaluating the GHG mitigation-potential of alternate wetting and drying in rice through life cycle assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1343-1353. [PMID: 30759574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD), has gained increasing attention as a promising strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in flooded rice systems. AWD involves periodic drainage of rice paddies in order to inhibit methane (CH4) emissions. To date, studies evaluating this practice have been limited in their scope and resolution. Our study evaluates the mitigation potential of AWD from a life cycle perspective using high-resolution CH4 modeling to more accurately estimate the mitigation potential of this practice. We simulated California rice production under continuous flooding and under five AWD schedules ranging in the severity and frequency of dry-downs. Production models were coupled with the Peatland Ecosystem Photosynthesis Respiration and Methane Transport (PEPRMT) model to simulate CH4 fluxes at daily intervals. We then evaluated the GHG mitigation potential of AWD using life cycle assessment models. Frequent or severe dry-downs reduced simulated grain yields, which negated some of the benefits of AWD when assessed on a yield-scaled basis. We also found AWD-induced mitigation of CH4 emissions modeled with PEPRMT to be roughly half the magnitude reported from up-scaling of chamber measurements, highlighting the importance of high resolution field data to better characterize GHGs in rice systems. Reduced yields and conservative CH4 mitigation in our model lessened the overall mitigation potential of AWD. When the entire rice life cycle was considered, mitigation of overall global warming potential (GWP) was further reduced by the presence of additional GHG sources, which comprised roughly half of life cycle GWP. Our simulations resulted in ≤12% reductions in GWP kg-1 across all AWD scenarios and saw an increase in GWP when yields were severely reduced. Our results highlight the importance of constraining uncertainties in CH4 emissions and considering a life cycle perspective expressed on a yield-scaled basis in characterizing the mitigation potential of AWD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Fertitta-Roberts
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92512, USA.
| | - Patricia Y Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, CA 94542, USA
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92512, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suess E, Aemisegger F, Sonke JE, Sprenger M, Wernli H, Winkel LHE. Marine versus Continental Sources of Iodine and Selenium in Rainfall at Two European High-Altitude Locations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1905-1917. [PMID: 30658037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The essential elements selenium (Se) and iodine (I) are often present in low levels in terrestrial diets, leading to potential deficiencies. Marine I and Se emissions and subsequent atmospheric wet deposition has been suggested to be an important source of I and Se to soils and terrestrial food chains. However, the contribution of recycled moisture of continental origin to I and Se to precipitation has never been analyzed. Here we report concentrations and speciation of I and Se, as well as of bromine (Br), sulfur (S), and DOC-δ13C signatures for weekly collected precipitation samples (in the period of April 2015 to September 2016) at two high altitude sites, i.e., Jungfraujoch (JFJ; Switzerland) and Pic du Midi (PDM; France). Analysis of precipitation chemistry and moisture sources indicate combined marine and continental sources of precipitation and Se, I, Br, and S at both sites. At JFJ, concentrations of I and Se were highest when continental moisture sources were dominant, indicating important terrestrial sources for these elements. Furthermore, correlations between investigated elements and DOC-δ13C, particularly when continental moisture source contributions were high, indicate a link between these elements and the source of dissolved organic matter, especially for I (JFJ and PDM) and Se (JFJ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Suess
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Eawag , Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland
| | - Franziska Aemisegger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jeroen E Sonke
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS-GET , Université de Toulouse , 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Michael Sprenger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Heini Wernli
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lenny H E Winkel
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Eawag , Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Duebendorf Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Halka M, Klimek-Chodacka M, Smoleń S, Baranski R, Ledwożyw-Smoleń I, Sady W. Organic iodine supply affects tomato plants differently than inorganic iodine. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:290-306. [PMID: 29572860 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Iodine is a beneficial element for humans but very lowly represented in our diet. Iodine-enriched vegetables could boost the iodine content in the food chain. Despite being a beneficial element for plants, little is known about the effect of different iodine forms on plant growth. This work analyses the effect of uptake of mineral (KI) and organoiodine (5-iodosalicylic acid, 5-ISA; 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid, 3,5-di-ISA; 2-iodobenzoic acid, 2-IBeA; 4-iodobenzoic acid, 4-IBeA) compounds on tomato plants at an early stage of vegetative growth. As many organoiodine compounds are derived from salicylic (SA) and benzoic acids (BeA), treatments with I, SA and BeA in various treatments were realized and the influence of tested compounds on plant growth was analyzed. Iodine content was measured, as well as expression of key genes involved in I and SA metabolism. Organoiodine compounds accumulated mainly in roots whereas iodine accumulated in the upper parts when given as KI. The shoot system had 5, 12 and 25 times higher iodine content after KI treatment than after 4-IBeA, 5-ISA and 2-IBeA, or 3,5-diISA treatments, respectively. A toxic effect on plants was observed only for 3,5-diISA and 4-IBeA. The expression levels of a gene related to iodine metabolism (HMT, halide ion methylotransferase), a gene responsible for SA methylation in leaves (SAMT) and a gene related to SA catabolism (S3H, salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase) were modified differently depending on the iodine source. Overall, our data point out to a difference in plant uptake, transport of iodine in tomato plants based on the form of iodine compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Halka
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Aleja 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klimek-Chodacka
- Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwester Smoleń
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Aleja 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń
- Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Aleja 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sady
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Aleja 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Q, Hao J, Yu Y, Liu J, Li P, Shi Z, Zheng T. The way forward confronting eco-environmental challenges during land-use practices: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28296-28311. [PMID: 30083895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, land-use practice, while satisfying the ever-increasing desires of our material civilisation in the short term, may undermine natural ecosystems on a local, regional and global scale in the long run. Innovative and sustainable land-use practices should be developed in response, so that eco-environmental problems can assessed and dealt with during the whole process of land-use planning, construction, operation, maintenance and management. Using a bibliometric analysis, this study has traced global trends in land-use research from 1992 to 2016, as indexed in the Science Citation Index EXPANDED (SCI-EXPANDED) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). A novel method called 'word cluster analysis' has revealed that hotspot analysis is one of the emerging techniques, tools and strategies used to respond to, improve, and protect deteriorating ecosystems during land use. Based on involving various elements, the emerging analytical techniques and tools, including geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing, have attracted attention for their ability to assess and solve increasingly serious eco-environmental problems, such as climate change, deforestation, soil erosion, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and eutrophication. Ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, protected areas, and sustainable development are also potential resilience strategies used to confront eco-environmental destruction. The maximum benefits that can be derived from natural ecosystems should be pursued to achieve environmentally sustainable land-use development, strengthening the socio-economy and eco-environment, as well as enhancing the well-being of people and nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wu
- Land Surveying and Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 11 Xinjian East Street, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Land Surveying and Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 11 Xinjian East Street, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Land Surveying and Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 11 Xinjian East Street, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, 49 Aiminjie, Xincheng District, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhining Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jaeger N, Besaury L, Röhling AN, Koch F, Delort AM, Gasc C, Greule M, Kolb S, Nadalig T, Peyret P, Vuilleumier S, Amato P, Bringel F, Keppler F. Chloromethane formation and degradation in the fern phyllosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1278-1287. [PMID: 29660879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is the most abundant halogenated trace gas in the atmosphere. It plays an important role in natural stratospheric ozone destruction. Current estimates of the global CH3Cl budget are approximate. The strength of the CH3Cl global sink by microbial degradation in soils and plants is under discussion. Some plants, particularly ferns, have been identified as substantial emitters of CH3Cl. Their ability to degrade CH3Cl remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the potential of leaves from 3 abundant ferns (Osmunda regalis, Cyathea cooperi, Dryopteris filix-mas) to produce and degrade CH3Cl by measuring their production and consumption rates and their stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures. Investigated ferns are able to degrade CH3Cl at rates from 2.1 to 17 and 0.3 to 0.9μggdw-1day-1 for C. cooperi and D. filix-mas respectively, depending on CH3Cl supplementation and temperature. The stable carbon isotope enrichment factor of remaining CH3Cl was -39±13‰, whereas negligible isotope fractionation was observed for hydrogen (-8±19‰). In contrast, O. regalis did not consume CH3Cl, but produced it at rates ranging from 0.6 to 128μggdw-1day-1, with stable isotope values of -97±8‰ for carbon and -202±10‰ for hydrogen, respectively. Even though the 3 ferns showed clearly different formation and consumption patterns, their leaf-associated bacterial diversity was not notably different. Moreover, we did not detect genes associated with the only known chloromethane utilization pathway "cmu" in the microbial phyllosphere of the investigated ferns. Our study suggests that still unknown CH3Cl biodegradation processes on plants play an important role in global cycling of atmospheric CH3Cl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jaeger
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ludovic Besaury
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), UMR6096 CNRS-UCA-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Department of Microbiology, Genomics and the Environment, Strasbourg, France; UMR FARE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRA, Reims, France
| | - Amelie Ninja Röhling
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Koch
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Delort
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), UMR6096 CNRS-UCA-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrielle Gasc
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thierry Nadalig
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Department of Microbiology, Genomics and the Environment, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Peyret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Department of Microbiology, Genomics and the Environment, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Amato
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), UMR6096 CNRS-UCA-Sigma, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Bringel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR 7156, Department of Microbiology, Genomics and the Environment, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment HCE, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Phytolith assemblage analysis for the identification of rice paddy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10932. [PMID: 30026554 PMCID: PMC6053388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice arable system is of importance to both society and the environment. The emergence of rice paddies was a crucial step in the transition from pre-domestic cultivation to systematic land use and management. However, many aspects of the formation of rice farming systems remain unclear. An important reason is the lack of reliable methods for identifying early rice paddies. One possible means of remedying this knowledge deficit is through analysis of phytolith assemblages, which are closely related to their parent plant communities. In this study, phytolith assemblages from 27 surface soil samples from wild rice fields, 91 surface soil samples from modern rice paddies, and 50 soil samples from non-rice fields were analysed to establish a discriminant function. This discriminant function enabled classification of 89.3% of the samples into appropriate groups. Further, the results suggested that phytolith assemblages can be used to identify rice fields and differentiate between wild rice fields and domesticated rice fields. The method was demonstrated to be an effective way of utilising the large amounts of unidentifiable phytoliths discovered at archaeological sites to provide a modern analogue that may be a valuable key to unlocking the past.
Collapse
|
27
|
Linquist BA, Marcos M, Adviento-Borbe MA, Anders M, Harrell D, Linscombe S, Reba ML, Runkle BRK, Tarpley L, Thomson A. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Management Practices that Affect Emissions in US Rice Systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:395-409. [PMID: 29864188 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.11.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous reviews have quantified factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Asian rice ( L.) systems, but not from rice systems typical for the United States, which often vary considerably particularly in practices (i.e., water and carbon management) that affect emissions. Using meta-analytic and regression approaches, existing data from the United States were examined to quantify GHG emissions and major practices affecting emissions. Due to different production practices, major rice production regions were defined as the mid-South (Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri) and California, with emissions being evaluated separately. Average growing season CH emissions for the mid-South and California were 194 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 129-260) and 218 kg CH ha season (95% CI = 153-284), respectively. Growing season NO emissions were similar between regions (0.14 kg NO ha season). Ratoon cropping (allowing an additional harvestable crop to grow from stubble after the initial harvest), common along the Gulf Coast of the mid-South, had average CH emissions of 540 kg CH ha season (95% CI = 465-614). Water and residue management practices such as alternate wetting and drying, and stand establishment method (water vs. dry seeding), and the amount of residue from the previous crop had the largest effect on growing season CH emissions. However, soil texture, sulfate additions, and cultivar selection also affected growing season CH emissions. This analysis can be used for the development of tools to estimate and mitigate GHG emissions from US rice systems and other similarly mechanized systems in temperate regions.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang J, Wang J. Shifts from methyl chloride sink to source functions within a coastal salt marsh in eastern China: an examination of the effects of biomass burning prohibition policies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6352-6363. [PMID: 29247420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study found that a salt marsh in eastern China can act as a large CH3Cl sink. One striking finding of this previous study was a strong relationship between high-ambient CH3Cl concentrations and fluxes during the growing season. Moreover, the high-ambient CH3Cl concentration was likely to be related to local biomass burning. However, implementation of biomass burning prohibition policies has effectively reduced biomass burning. Therefore, we predicted that the prohibition of biomass burning would alter CH3Cl concentration and flux within the eastern Chinese coastal salt marsh. In this study, we used static flux chambers to measure CH3Cl fluxes in the early (July of 2004 and January of 2005) and middle-late stages (August and December of 2013) of biomass burning prohibition of along a creek and vegetation transects of the salt marsh. After implementation of the biomass burning prohibition, the concentration and flux of CH3Cl directly related to biomass burning changed remarkably. During the middle-late stage of prohibition, the initial CH3Cl concentration was significantly reduced compared to during the early stage of prohibition. Reductions in atmospheric CH3Cl concentration were especially apparent during the growing season, when biomass burning was prohibited and atmospheric CH3Cl concentration dropped to levels nearly as low as the Northern Hemisphere background concentration. Atmospheric CH3Cl concentration significantly varied throughout the salt marsh, with the highest concentrations appearing over the inland areas and mudflat and lower values occurring over the middle locations. This spatial distribution of CH3Cl may have been directly related to the existence and distribution of potential CH3Cl sources, such as coastal seawater, terrestrial biomass burning, and senescent and decaying aboveground biomass. These changes in initial CH3Cl concentration caused by the biomass burning prohibition may eventually lead to shift in the salt marsh from the tendency to act as a CH3Cl sink to the tendency to act as a CH3Cl source. When the initial atmospheric CH3Cl concentration was high, the vegetation stands acted as CH3Cl sinks. Conversely, they became CH3Cl sources. Therefore, we conclude that the biomass burning prohibition altered the ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CH3Cl within the studied eastern Chinese coastal salt marsh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Wang
- College of Geography and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221009, China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- College of Geography and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221009, China.
- College of Geography and Geomatics, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Keppler F, Fischer J, Sattler T, Polag D, Jaeger N, Schöler HF, Greule M. Chloromethane emissions in human breath. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:405-410. [PMID: 28672229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloromethane (CH3Cl), currently the most abundant chlorinated organic compound in the atmosphere at around ~550 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), is considered responsible for approximately 16% of halogen-catalyzed stratospheric ozone destruction. Although emissions of CH3Cl are known to occur from animals such as cattle, formation and release of CH3Cl from humans has not yet been reported. In this study a pre-concentration unit coupled with a gas chromatograph directly linked to a mass spectrometer was used to precisely measure concentrations of CH3Cl at the pptv level in exhaled breath from 31 human subjects with ages ranging from 3 to 87years. We provide analytical evidence that all subjects exhaled CH3Cl in the range of 2.5 to 33 parts per billion by volume, levels which significantly exceed those of inhaled air by a factor of up to 60. If the mean of these emissions was typical for the world's population, then the global source of atmospheric CH3Cl from humans would be around 0.66Ggyr-1 (0.33 to 1.48Ggyr-1), which is less than 0.03% of the total annual global atmospheric source strength. The observed endogenous formation of a chlorinated methyl group in humans might be of interest to biochemists and medical scientists as CH3Cl is also known to be a potent methylating agent and thus, could be an important target compound in future medical research diagnostic programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Keppler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Fischer
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sattler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Polag
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Jaeger
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Friedrich Schöler
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gonzali S, Kiferle C, Perata P. Iodine biofortification of crops: agronomic biofortification, metabolic engineering and iodine bioavailability. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 44:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
31
|
Carrascosa E, Meyer J, Wester R. Imaging the dynamics of ion–molecule reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7498-7516. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of ion–molecule reactions have been studied in the last years using the crossed-beam ion imaging technique, from charge transfer and proton transfer to nucleophilic substitution and elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Carrascosa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yeager CM, Amachi S, Grandbois R, Kaplan DI, Xu C, Schwehr KA, Santschi PH. Microbial Transformation of Iodine: From Radioisotopes to Iodine Deficiency. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 101:83-136. [PMID: 29050668 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a biophilic element that is important for human health, both as an essential component of several thyroid hormones and, on the other hand, as a potential carcinogen in the form of radioiodine generated by anthropogenic nuclear activity. Iodine exists in multiple oxidation states (-1, 0, +1, +3, +5, and +7), primarily as molecular iodine (I2), iodide (I-), iodate [Formula: see text] , or organic iodine (org-I). The mobility of iodine in the environment is dependent on its speciation and a series of redox, complexation, sorption, precipitation, and microbial reactions. Over the last 15years, there have been significant advances in iodine biogeochemistry, largely spurred by renewed interest in the fate of radioiodine in the environment. We review the biogeochemistry of iodine, with particular emphasis on the microbial processes responsible for volatilization, accumulation, oxidation, and reduction of iodine, as well as the exciting technological potential of these fascinating microorganisms and enzymes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Baluška F, Yokawa K, Mancuso S, Baverstock K. Understanding of anesthesia - Why consciousness is essential for life and not based on genes. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1238118. [PMID: 28042377 PMCID: PMC5193047 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1238118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and consciousness represent 2 mysteries not only for biology but also for physics and philosophy. Although anesthesia was introduced to medicine more than 160 y ago, our understanding of how it works still remains a mystery. The most prevalent view is that the human brain and its neurons are necessary to impose the effects of anesthetics. However, the fact is that all life can be anesthesized. Numerous theories have been generated trying to explain the major impact of anesthetics on our human-specific consciousness; switching it off so rapidly, but no single theory resolves this enduring mystery. The speed of anesthetic actions precludes any direct involvement of genes. Lipid bilayers, cellular membranes, and critical proteins emerge as the most probable primary targets of anesthetics. Recent findings suggest, rather surprisingly, that physical forces underlie both the anesthetic actions on living organisms as well as on consciousness in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken Yokawa
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschalle, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science & LINV, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Keith Baverstock
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheng HY, Masiello CA, Bennett GN, Silberg JJ. Volatile Gas Production by Methyl Halide Transferase: An In Situ Reporter Of Microbial Gene Expression In Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8750-8759. [PMID: 27415416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional visual reporters of gene expression have only very limited use in soils because their outputs are challenging to detect through the soil matrix. This severely restricts our ability to study time-dependent microbial gene expression in one of the Earth's largest, most complex habitats. Here we describe an approach to report on dynamic gene expression within a microbial population in a soil under natural water levels (at and below water holding capacity) via production of methyl halides using a methyl halide transferase. As a proof-of-concept application, we couple the expression of this gas reporter to the conjugative transfer of a bacterial plasmid in a soil matrix and show that gas released from the matrix displays a strong correlation with the number of transconjugant bacteria that formed. Gas reporting of gene expression will make possible dynamic studies of natural and engineered microbes within many hard-to-image environmental matrices (soils, sediments, sludge, and biomass) at sample scales exceeding those used for traditional visual reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 142, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Caroline A Masiello
- Department of Earth Science, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 126, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - George N Bennett
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 362, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jonathan J Silberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 142, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS 140, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu S, Zhang L, Freeman SPHT, Hou X, Watanabe A, Sanderson DCW, Cresswell A, Yamaguchi K. Iodine isotopes in precipitation: Four-year time series variations before and after 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 155-156:38-45. [PMID: 26913975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater samples were collected monthly from Fukushima, Japan, in 2012-2014 and analysed for (127)I and (129)I. These are combined with previously reported data to investigate atmospheric levels and behaviour of Fukushima-derived (129)I before and after the 2011 nuclear accident. In the new datasets, (127)I and (129)I concentrations between October 2012 and October 2014 varied from 0.5 to 10 μg/L and from 1.2 × 10(8) to 6.9 × 10(9) atoms/L respectively, resulting in (129)I/(127)I atomic ratio ranges from 3 × 10(-8) to 2 × 10(-7). The (127)I concentrations were in good agreement with those in the previous period from March 2011 to September 2012, whereas the (129)I concentrations and (129)I/(127)I ratios followed declining trends since the accident. Although (129)I concentrations in five samples during the period of 2013-2014 have approached the pre-accident levels, (129)I concentrations in most samples remained higher values in winter and spring-summer. The high (129)I levels in winter and spring-summer are most likely attributed to local resuspension of the Fukushima-derived radionuclide-bearing fine soil particles deposited on land surfaces, and re-emission through vegetation taking up (129)I from contaminated soil and water, respectively. Long-term declining rate suggests that contribution of the Fukushima-derived (129)I to the atmosphere would become less since 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK; Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; SKLLQG, Xi'an AMS Center, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710061, China
| | | | - Xiaolin Hou
- Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - David C W Sanderson
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK
| | - Alan Cresswell
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK; Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Lawson PG, Daum D, Czauderna R, Meuser H, Härtling JW. Soil versus foliar iodine fertilization as a biofortification strategy for field-grown vegetables. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:450. [PMID: 26157445 PMCID: PMC4477264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iodine (I) biofortification of vegetables by means of soil and foliar applications was investigated in field experiments on a sandy loam soil. Supply of iodine to the soil in trial plots fertilized with potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate directly before planting (0, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 15 kg I ha(-1)) increased the iodine concentration in the edible plant parts. The highest iodine accumulation levels were observed in the first growing season: In butterhead lettuce and kohlrabi the desired iodine content [50-100 μg I (100 g FM)(-1)] was obtained or exceeded at a fertilizer rate of 7.5 kg IO3 (-)-I ha(-1) without a significant yield reduction or impairment of the marketable quality. In contrast, supplying KI at the same rate resulted in a much lower iodine enrichment and clearly visible growth impairment. Soil applied iodine was phytoavailable only for a short period of time as indicated by a rapid decline of CaCl2-extractable iodine in the top soil. Consequently, long-term effects of a one-time iodine soil fertilization could not be observed. A comparison between the soil and the foliar fertilization revealed a better performance of iodine applied aerially to butterhead lettuce, which reached the desired iodine accumulation in edible plant parts at a fertilizer rate of 0.5 kg I(-)-I ha(-1). In contrast, the iodine content in the tuber of sprayed kohlrabi remained far below the targeted range. The results indicate that a sufficient spreading of iodine applied on the edible plant parts is crucial for the efficiency of the foliar approach and leafy vegetables are the more suitable target crops. The low iodine doses needed as well as the easy and inexpensive application may favor the implementation of foliar sprays as the preferred iodine biofortification strategy in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Lawson
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences of OsnabrückOsnabrück, Germany
| | - Diemo Daum
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences of OsnabrückOsnabrück, Germany
- *Correspondence: Diemo Daum, Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences of Osnabrück, Oldenburger Landstrasse 24, 49090 Osnabrück, NDS, Germany,
| | - Roman Czauderna
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences of OsnabrückOsnabrück, Germany
| | - Helmut Meuser
- Department of Soil Protection and Restoration, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences of OsnabrückOsnabrück, Germany
| | - Joachim W. Härtling
- Department of Cultural Studies and Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of OsnabrückOsnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
This review, with 290 references, presents the fascinating area of iodinated natural products over the past hundred years for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Mangaladoss Fredimoses
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shengrong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510301, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Adviento-Borbe MA, Pittelkow CM, Anders M, van Kessel C, Hill JE, McClung AM, Six J, Linquist BA. Optimal fertilizer nitrogen rates and yield-scaled global warming potential in drill seeded rice. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1623-1634. [PMID: 25602403 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drill seeded rice ( L.) is the dominant rice cultivation practice in the United States. Although drill seeded systems can lead to significant CH and NO emissions due to anaerobic and aerobic soil conditions, the relationship between high-yielding management practices, particularly fertilizer N management, and total global warming potential (GWP) remains unclear. We conducted three field experiments in California and Arkansas to test the hypothesis that by optimizing grain yield through N management, the lowest yield-scaled global warming potential (GWP = GWP Mg grain) is achieved. Each growing season, urea was applied at rates ranging from 0 to 224 kg N ha before the permanent flood. Emissions of CH and NO were measured daily to weekly during growing seasons and fallow periods. Annual CH emissions ranged from 9.3 to 193 kg CH-C ha yr across sites, and annual NO emissions averaged 1.3 kg NO-N ha yr. Relative to NO emissions, CH dominated growing season (82%) and annual (68%) GWP. The impacts of fertilizer N rates on GHG fluxes were confined to the growing season, with increasing N rate having little effect on CH emissions but contributing to greater NO emissions during nonflooded periods. The fallow period contributed between 7 and 39% of annual GWP across sites years. This finding illustrates the need to include fallow period measurements in annual emissions estimates. Growing season GWP ranged from 130 to 686 kg CO eq Mg season across sites and years. Fertilizer N rate had no significant effect on GWP; therefore, achieving the highest productivity is not at the cost of higher GWP.
Collapse
|
40
|
Allard S, Gallard H. Abiotic formation of methyl iodide on synthetic birnessite: a mechanistic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:169-175. [PMID: 23803501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methyl iodide is a well-known volatile halogenated organic compound that contributes to the iodine content in the troposphere, potentially resulting in damage to the ozone layer. Most methyl iodide sources derive from biological activity in oceans and soils with very few abiotic mechanisms proposed in the literature. In this study we report that synthetic manganese oxide (birnessite δ-MnO2) can catalyze the formation of methyl iodide in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and iodide. Methyl iodide formation was only observed at acidic pH (4-5) where iodide is oxidized to iodine and NOM is adsorbed on δ-MnO2. The effect of δ-MnO2, iodide and NOM concentrations, nature of NOM and ionic strength was investigated. High concentrations of methyl iodide were formed in experiments conducted with the model compound pyruvate. The Lewis acid property of δ-MnO2 leads to a polarization of the iodine molecule, and catalyzes the reaction with natural organic matter. As manganese oxides are strong oxidants and are ubiquitous in the environment, this mechanism could significantly contribute to the global atmospheric input of iodine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Allard
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers - Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux UMR 7285, 1, rue Marcel Doré, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alberton D, Müller-Santos M, Brusamarello-Santos LCC, Valdameri G, Cordeiro FA, Yates MG, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, de Souza EM. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of the Rice Roots Colonized by Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1 Reveals Induction of the Methionine Recycling in the Plant Host. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4757-68. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Alberton
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fabio Aparecido Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Marshall Geoffrey Yates
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Rua
Francisco H. dos Santos s/n Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-990, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Iniesta I, Radon M, Pinder C. Methyl iodide rhombencephalopathy: clinico-radiological features of a preventable, potentially fatal industrial accident. Pract Neurol 2013; 13:393-5. [PMID: 23847234 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2013-000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iniesta
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre Foundation Trust, , Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kiferle C, Gonzali S, Holwerda HT, Ibaceta RR, Perata P. Tomato fruits: a good target for iodine biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:205. [PMID: 23818889 PMCID: PMC3694224 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
IODINE IS A TRACE ELEMENT THAT IS FUNDAMENTAL FOR HUMAN HEALTH its deficiency affects about two billion people worldwide. Fruits and vegetables are usually poor sources of iodine; however, plants can accumulate iodine if it is either present or exogenously administered to the soil. The biofortification of crops with iodine has therefore been proposed as a strategy for improving human nutrition. A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the possibility of biofortifying tomato fruits with iodine. Increasing concentrations of iodine supplied as KI or KIO3 were administered to plants as root treatments and the iodine accumulation in fruits was measured. The influences of the soil organic matter content or the nitrate level in the nutritive solution were analyzed. Finally, yield and qualitative properties of the biofortified tomatoes were considered, as well as the possible influence of fruit storage and processing on the iodine content. Results showed that the use of both the iodized salts induced a significant increase in the fruit's iodine content in doses that did not affect plant growth and development. The final levels ranged from a few mg up to 10 mg iodine kg (-) (1) fruit fresh weight and are more than adequate for a biofortification program, since 150 μg iodine per day is the recommended dietary allowance for adults. In general, the iodine treatments scarcely affected fruit appearance and quality, even with the highest concentrations applied. In contrast, the use of KI in plants fertilized with low doses of nitrate induced moderate phytotoxicity symptoms. Organic matter-rich soils improved the plant's health and production, with only mild reductions in iodine stored in the fruits. Finally, a short period of storage at room temperature or a 30-min boiling treatment did not reduce the iodine content in the fruits, if the peel was maintained. All these results suggest that tomato is a particularly suitable crop for iodine biofortification programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kiferle
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Gonzali
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Šulka M, Šulková K, Louis F, Neogrády P, Černušák I. A Theoretical Study of the X-Abstraction Reactions (X = H, Br, or I) from CH2IBr by OH Radicals: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. Z PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
45
|
Maione M, Giostra U, Arduini J, Furlani F, Graziosi F, Lo Vullo E, Bonasoni P. Ten years of continuous observations of stratospheric ozone depleting gases at Monte Cimone (Italy)--comments on the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol from a regional perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 445-446:155-64. [PMID: 23333511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated gases potentially harmful to the stratospheric ozone layer are monitored worldwide in order to assess compliance with the Montreal Protocol requiring a phase out of these compounds on a global scale. We present the results of long term (2002-2011) continuous observation conducted at the Mt. Cimone GAW Global Station located on the highest peak of the Italian Northern Apennines, at the border of two important regions: the Po Valley (and the Alps) to the North and the Mediterranean Basin to the South. Bi-hourly air samples of CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-114, CFC-115, H-1211, H-1301, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, HCFC-22, HCFC-142b, HCFC-124 and methyl bromide are collected and analysed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, providing multi annual time series. In order to appreciate the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol from a regional perspective, trends and annual growth rates of halogenated species have been calculated after identification of their baseline values. A comparison with results from other international observation programmes is also presented. Our data show that the peak in the atmospheric mixing ratios of four chlorofluorocarbons, two halons and two chlorocarbons has been reached and all these species now show a negative atmospheric trend. Pollution episodes are still occurring for species like halon-1211, methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, indicating fresh emissions from the site domain which could be ascribed both to fugitive un-reported uses of the compounds and/or emissions from banks. For the hydrofluorocarbons changes in the baseline are affected by emissions from fast developing Countries in East Asia. Fresh emissions from the site domain are clearly declining. Methyl bromide, for which the Mediterranean area is an important source region, shows, in a generally decreasing trend, an emission pattern that is not consistent with the phase-out schedule of this compound, with a renewed increase in the last two years of pollution episodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maione
- Department of Basic Sciences (DiSBeF), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Chemical Sciences Section, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Šulková K, Šulka M, Louis F, Neogrády P. Atmospheric Reactivity of CH2ICl with OH Radicals: High-Level OVOS CCSD(T) Calculations for the X-Abstraction Pathways (X = H, Cl, or I). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:771-82. [PMID: 23294186 DOI: 10.1021/jp312447x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šulková
- Department of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šulka
- Department of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Florent Louis
- PhysicoChimie des Processus
de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère (PC2A), UMR 8522 CNRS/Lille1, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies,
Cité Scientifique, Bât. C11/C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Pavel Neogrády
- Department of Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nichols CM, Yang Z, Worker BB, Hager DR, Nibbering NMM, Bierbaum VM. Gas-phase reactions of the atomic oxygen radicalcation with halogenated compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:561-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Deeds DA, Kulongoski JT, Belitz K. Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:13128-13135. [PMID: 23153122 DOI: 10.1021/es303546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four halogenated volatile organic compounds (hVOCs) and SF₆ were measured in groundwater samples collected from 312 wells across California at concentrations as low as 10⁻¹² grams per kilogram groundwater. The hVOCs detected are predominately anthropogenic (i.e., "ahVOCs") and as such their distribution delineates where groundwaters are impacted and susceptible to human activity. ahVOC detections were broadly consistent with air-saturated water concentrations in equilibrium with a combination of industrial-era global and regional hVOC atmospheric abundances. However, detection of ahVOCs in nearly all of the samples collected, including ancient groundwaters, suggests the presence of a sampling or analytical artifact that confounds interpretation of the very-low concentration ahVOC data. To increase our confidence in ahVOC detections we establish screening levels based on ahVOC concentrations in deep wells drawing ancient groundwater in Owens Valley. Concentrations of ahVOCs below the Owens Valley screening levels account for a large number of the detections in prenuclear groundwater across California without significant loss of ahVOC detections in shallow, recently recharged groundwaters. Over 80% of the groundwaters in this study contain at least one ahVOC after screening, indicating that the footprint of human industry is nearly ubiquitous and that most California groundwaters are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Deeds
- U.S. Geological Survey , California Water Science Center, San Diego, California, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Trainer M, Andrews AE, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Daube BC, Dlugokencky EJ, Fischer ML, Goldstein AH, Guha A, Karl T, Kofler J, Kosciuch E, Misztal PK, Perring AE, Pollack IB, Santoni GW, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Wofsy SC, Parrish DD. Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
50
|
Organic and inorganic carbon in paddy soil as evaluated by mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43368. [PMID: 22912863 PMCID: PMC3422307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paddy soils are classified as wetlands which play a vital role in climatic change and food production. Soil carbon (C), especially soil organic C (SOC), in paddy soils has been received considerable attention as of recent. However, considerably less attention has been given to soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in paddy soils and the relationship between SOC and SIC at interface between soil and the atmosphere. The objective of this research was to investigate the utility of applying Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) to explore SOC and SIC present near the surface (0-10 µm) of paddy soils. The FTIR-PAS spectra revealed an unique absorption region in the wavenumber range of 1,350-1,500 cm(-1) that was dominated by C-O (carbonate) and C-H bending vibrations (organic materials), and these vibrations were used to represented SIC and SOC, respectively. A circular distribution between SIC and SOC on the surface of paddy soils was determined using principal component analysis (PCA), and the distribution showed no significant relationship with the age of paddy soil. However, SIC and SOC were negatively correlated, and higher SIC content was observed near the soil surface. This relationship suggests that SIC in soil surface plays important roles in the soil C dynamics.
Collapse
|