1
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Yao K, Fang J, Jiang T, Briggs AF, Skipper AM, Kim Y, Belkin MA, Korgel BA, Bank SR, Zheng Y. Tuning Multipolar Mie Scattering of Particles on a Dielectric-Covered Mirror. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38874350 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Optically resonant particles are key building blocks of many nanophotonic devices such as optical antennas and metasurfaces. Because the functionalities of such devices are largely determined by the optical properties of individual resonators, extending the attainable responses from a given particle is highly desirable. Practically, this is usually achieved by introducing an asymmetric dielectric environment. However, commonly used simple substrates have limited influences on the optical properties of the particles atop. Here, we show that the multipolar scattering of silicon microspheres can be effectively modified by placing the particles on a dielectric-covered mirror, which tunes the coupling between the Mie resonances of microspheres and the standing waves and waveguide modes in the dielectric spacer. This tunability allows selective excitation, enhancement, suppression, and even elimination of the multipolar resonances and enables scattering at extended wavelengths, providing transformative opportunities in controlling light-matter interactions for various applications. We further demonstrate with experiments the detection of molecular fingerprints by single-particle mid-infrared spectroscopy and with simulations strong optical repulsive forces that could elevate the particles from a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jie Fang
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrew F Briggs
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Alec M Skipper
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mikhail A Belkin
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Brian A Korgel
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seth R Bank
- Microelectronics Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 160, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Chen J, Song G, Cong S, Zhao Z. Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Electrochromic Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300179. [PMID: 36929668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in optoelectronics, electrochromic materials and devices have received tremendous attentions from both industry and academia for their strong potentials in wearable and portable electronics, displays/billboards, adaptive camouflage, tunable optics, and intelligent devices, etc. However, conventional electrochromic materials and devices typically present some serious limitations such as undesirable dull colors, and long switching time, hindering their deeper development. Optical resonators have been proven to be the most powerful platform for providing strong optical confinement and controllable lightmatter interactions. They generate locally enhanced electromagnetic near-fields that can convert small refractive index changes in electrochromic materials into high-contrast color variations, enabling multicolor or even panchromatic tuning of electrochromic materials. Here, resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices, an advanced and emerging trend in electrochromics, are reviewed. In this review, w e will focus on the progress in multicolor electrochromic materials and devices based on different types of optical resonators and their advanced and emerging applications, including multichromatic displays, adaptive visible camouflage, visualized energy storage, and applications of multispectral tunability. Among these topics, principles of optical resonators, related materials/devices and multicolor electrochromic properties are comprehensively discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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3
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Wu GB, Dai JY, Shum KM, Chan KF, Cheng Q, Cui TJ, Chan CH. A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5155. [PMID: 37620303 PMCID: PMC10449906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces have promising potential to revolutionize a variety of photonic and electronic device technologies. However, metasurfaces that can simultaneously and independently control all electromagnetics (EM) waves' properties, including amplitude, phase, frequency, polarization, and momentum, with high integrability and programmability, are challenging and have not been successfully attempted. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microwave universal metasurface antenna (UMA) capable of dynamically, simultaneously, independently, and precisely manipulating all the constitutive properties of EM waves in a software-defined manner. Our UMA further facilitates the spatial- and time-varying wave properties, leading to more complicated waveform generation, beamforming, and direct information manipulations. In particular, the UMA can directly generate the modulated waveforms carrying digital information that can fundamentally simplify the architecture of information transmitter systems. The proposed UMA with unparalleled EM wave and information manipulation capabilities will spark a surge of applications from next-generation wireless systems, cognitive sensing, and imaging to quantum optics and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jun Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Kam Man Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ka Fai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Chi Hou Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Big Data Imaging and Communication, Shenzhen, 518048, China.
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4
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Gao Z, Wildenborg A, Kocoj CA, Liu E, Sheofsky C, Rawashdeh A, Qu H, Guo P, Suh JY, Yang A. Low-Loss Plasmonics with Nanostructured Potassium and Sodium-Potassium Liquid Alloys. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7150-7156. [PMID: 37477493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metals have low optical losses in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) compared with noble metals. However, their high reactivity prohibits the exploration of their optical properties. Recently sodium (Na) has been experimentally demonstrated as a low-loss plasmonic material. Here we report on a thermo-assisted nanoscale embossing (TANE) technique for fabricating plasmonic nanostructures from pure potassium (K) and NaK liquid alloys. We show high-quality-factor resonances from K as narrow as 15 nm in the NIR, which we attribute to the high material quality and low optical loss. We further demonstrate liquid Na-K plasmonics by exploiting the Na-K eutectic phase diagram. Our study expands the material library for alkali metal plasmonics and liquid plasmonics, potentially enabling a range of new material platforms for active metamaterials and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Aaron Wildenborg
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Conrad A Kocoj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Eric Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Caden Sheofsky
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Abdelsalam Rawashdeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Hongwei Qu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jae Yong Suh
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
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5
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Agreda A, Wu T, Hereu A, Treguer-Delapierre M, Drisko GL, Vynck K, Lalanne P. Tailoring Iridescent Visual Appearance with Disordered Resonant Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6362-6372. [PMID: 36976862 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructures of natural species offer beautiful visual appearances with saturated and iridescent colors, and the question arises whether we can reproduce or even create unique appearances with man-made metasurfaces. However, harnessing the specular and diffuse light scattered by disordered metasurfaces to create attractive and prescribed visual effects is currently inaccessible. Here, we present an interpretive, intuitive, and accurate modal-based tool that unveils the main physical mechanisms and features defining the appearance of colloidal disordered monolayers of resonant meta-atoms deposited on a reflective substrate. The model shows that the combination of plasmonic and Fabry-Perot resonances offers uncommon iridescent visual appearances, differing from those classically observed with natural nanostructures or thin-film interferences. We highlight an unusual visual effect exhibiting only two distinct colors and theoretically investigate its origin. The approach can be useful in the design of visual appearance with easy-to-make and universal building blocks having a large resilience to fabrication imperfections and potential for innovative coatings and fine-art applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Agreda
- LP2N, CNRS, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Tong Wu
- LP2N, CNRS, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Adrian Hereu
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Glenna L Drisko
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Kevin Vynck
- Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Lalanne
- LP2N, CNRS, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
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6
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Tang X, Kuai Y, Fan Z, Zhang Z, Zhang D. Retrieving the subwavelength cross-section of dielectric nanowires with asymmetric excitation of Bloch surface waves. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7711-7718. [PMID: 36876861 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy with a diffraction limit cannot distinguish nanowires with sectional dimensions close to or smaller than the optical resolution. Here, we propose a scheme to retrieve the subwavelength cross-section of nanowires based on the asymmetric excitation of Bloch surface waves (BSWs). Leakage radiation microscopy is used to observe the propagation of BSWs at the surface and to collect far-field scattering patterns in the substrate. A model of linear dipoles induced by tilted incident light is built to explain the directional imbalance of BSWs. It shows the potential capability in precisely resolving the subwavelength cross-section of nanowires from far-field scattering without the need for complex algorithms. Through comparing the nanowire widths measured by this method and those measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the transverse resolutions of the widths of two series of nanowires with heights 55 nm and 80 nm are about 4.38 nm and 6.83 nm. All results in this work demonstrate that the new non-resonant far-field optical technology has potential application in metrology measurements with high precision by taking care of the inverse process of light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Kuai
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Zetao Fan
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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7
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Zubritskaya I, Cichelero R, Faniayeu I, Martella D, Nocentini S, Rudquist P, Wiersma DS, Brongersma ML. Dynamically Tunable Optical Cavities with Embedded Nematic Liquid Crystalline Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209152. [PMID: 36683324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunable metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities that can dynamically control light enable novel sensing, imaging and display applications. However, the realization of dynamic cavities incorporating stimuli-responsive materials poses a significant engineering challenge. Current approaches rely on refractive index modulation and suffer from low dynamic tunability, high losses, and limited spectral ranges, and require liquid and hazardous materials for operation. To overcome these challenges, a new tuning mechanism employing reversible mechanical adaptations of a polymer network is proposed, and dynamic tuning of optical resonances is demonstrated. Solid-state temperature-responsive optical coatings are developed by preparing a monodomain nematic liquid crystalline network (LCN) and are incorporated between metallic mirrors to form active optical microcavities. LCN microcavities offer large, reversible and highly linear spectral tuning of FP resonances reaching wavelength-shifts up to 40 nm via thermomechanical actuation while featuring outstanding repeatability and precision over more than 100 heating-cooling cycles. This degree of tunability allows for reversible switching between the reflective and the absorbing states of the device over the entire visible and near-infrared spectral regions, reaching large changes in reflectance with modulation efficiency ΔR = 79%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zubritskaya
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Rafael Cichelero
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Ihar Faniayeu
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Daniele Martella
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Sara Nocentini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Per Rudquist
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Diederik Sybolt Wiersma
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Florence, via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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8
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A novel spectroscopic technique for studying metal-organic frameworks based on Mie scattering. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1313-1320. [PMID: 36624197 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for a wide range of applications, and spectroscopic techniques are important tools for analyzing their structures and properties. Here, we propose a novel and general scattering spectroscopic approach to study various MOFs such as zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-67 and ZIF-8), HKUST-1, Co-based MOF (Co-MOF), and Ni-based MOF (Ni-MOF) based on their inherent Mie scattering properties. We show that by using a dark-field microscope, the inherent scattering colors and spectra can be obtained, which are mainly from the high-order magnetic and electric resonant modes. The scattering capacities are dependent on the chemical structures for producing polarized charges and internal circular displacement currents. Additionally, all the MOFs are capable of responding to solvent guests due to their high porosity, and the scattering peaks are in a linear correlation with solvent refractive indices, displaying scattering solvatochromic behaviors. Our results open up a powerful and universal avenue for visually studying the host-guest interactions in MOFs.
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9
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Grain N, Kim S. Insight into refractive index modulation as route to enhanced light coupling in semiconductor nanowires. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:227-230. [PMID: 36638424 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in chemical processes to prepare single-crystalline nanowire (NW) superlattices (SLs) have discovered a range of unique nanophotonic properties. In particular, diameter-modulated silicon NW geometric SLs (GSLs) have shown their ability to produce complex interference effects through which enhanced light manipulation is achieved. Here, we re-imagine the origin of the complex interference effects occurring in shallow-modulated GSLs and present a refractive index modulation as a key deciding factor. We introduce the design of a NW refractive index SL (ISL), a hypothetical uniform-diameter NW in which the refractive index is periodically modulated, and explain the coupling effect between Mie resonance and bound guided state. We apply the ISL concept to other NW SL systems and suggest potential routes to bring substantial enhancements in lasing activities.
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10
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Vynck K, Pacanowski R, Agreda A, Dufay A, Granier X, Lalanne P. The visual appearances of disordered optical metasurfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1035-1041. [PMID: 35590040 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have recently emerged as a promising approach for material appearance design. Research has mainly focused on creating structural colours by wave interference, leaving aside other important aspects that constitute the visual appearance of an object, such as the respective weight of specular and diffuse reflectances, object macroscopic shape, illumination and viewing conditions. Here we report the potential of disordered optical metasurfaces to harness visual appearance. We develop a multiscale modelling platform for the predictive rendering of macroscopic objects covered by metasurfaces in realistic settings, and show how nanoscale resonances and mesoscale interferences can be used to spectrally and angularly shape reflected light and thus create unusual visual effects at the macroscale. We validate this property with realistic synthetic images of macroscopic objects and centimetre-scale samples observable with the naked eye. This framework opens new perspectives in many branches of fine and applied visual arts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Vynck
- LP2N, Université Bordeaux, IOGS, CNRS, Talence, France.
- Institute of Light and Matter, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Romain Pacanowski
- LP2N, Université Bordeaux, IOGS, CNRS, Talence, France
- INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Talence, France
| | - Adrian Agreda
- LP2N, Université Bordeaux, IOGS, CNRS, Talence, France
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11
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Zheng C, Simpson RE, Tang K, Ke Y, Nemati A, Zhang Q, Hu G, Lee C, Teng J, Yang JKW, Wu J, Qiu CW. Enabling Active Nanotechnologies by Phase Transition: From Electronics, Photonics to Thermotics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15450-15500. [PMID: 35894820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phase transitions can occur in certain materials such as transition metal oxides (TMOs) and chalcogenides when there is a change in external conditions such as temperature and pressure. Along with phase transitions in these phase change materials (PCMs) come dramatic contrasts in various physical properties, which can be engineered to manipulate electrons, photons, polaritons, and phonons at the nanoscale, offering new opportunities for reconfigurable, active nanodevices. In this review, we particularly discuss phase-transition-enabled active nanotechnologies in nonvolatile electrical memory, tunable metamaterials, and metasurfaces for manipulation of both free-space photons and in-plane polaritons, and multifunctional emissivity control in the infrared (IR) spectrum. The fundamentals of PCMs are first introduced to explain the origins and principles of phase transitions. Thereafter, we discuss multiphysical nanodevices for electronic, photonic, and thermal management, attesting to the broad applications and exciting promises of PCMs. Emerging trends and valuable applications in all-optical neuromorphic devices, thermal data storage, and encryption are outlined in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Robert E Simpson
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kechao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujie Ke
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Arash Nemati
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487372, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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12
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Ghindani D, Issah I, Chervinskii S, Lahikainen M, Kuntze K, Priimagi A, Caglayan H. Humidity-Controlled Tunable Emission in a Dye-Incorporated Metal-Hydrogel-Metal Cavity. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:2287-2294. [PMID: 35880073 PMCID: PMC9305995 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Actively controllable photoluminescence is potent for a wide variety of applications from biosensing and imaging to optoelectronic components. Traditionally, methods to achieve active emission control are limited due to complex fabrication processes or irreversible tuning. Here, we demonstrate active emission tuning, achieved by changing the ambient humidity in a fluorescent dye-containing hydrogel integrated into a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) system. Altering the overlapping region of the MIM cavity resonance and the absorption and emission spectra of the dye used is the underlying principle to achieving tunability of the emission. We first verify this by passive tuning of cavity resonance and further experimentally demonstrate active tuning in both air and aqueous environments. The proposed approach is reversible, easy to integrate, and spectrally scalable, thus providing opportunities for developing tunable photonic devices.
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13
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Huang S, Xie S, Gao H, Hao T, Zhang S, Liu T, Li Y, Zhu J. Acoustic Purcell effect induced by quasibound state in the continuum. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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He X, Wu B, Shang Y, Li B, Cheng X, Liu J. New phase space formulations and quantum dynamics approaches. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Baihua Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Youhao Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Bingqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiangsong Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing China
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15
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Eliceiri M, Grigoropoulos CP. Optical Trapping and Positioning of Silicon Nanowires via Photonic Nozzling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3777-3783. [PMID: 35438507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have improved the maximum two-dimensional translation rate of optically tweezed silicon nanowires to 30 μm/s while lowering the power usage by an order of magnitude from the ∼100 mW range to 6 mW using a silicon film substrate at 532 nm laser wavelength. We then explain the mechanism for the enhanced tweezing using finite difference time domain simulation as "waveguide nozzling" of the incident radiation, directing the light underneath the nanowire where it is confined and forced to propagate opposite to the direction of nanowire motion. We then demonstrate the robust and deterministic placement of the nanowires on the Si film surface using a nanosecond laser at the same wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Eliceiri
- University of California─Berkeley, 6129 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, United States
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- University of California─Berkeley, 6129 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, United States
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16
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Hu S, Khater M, Kratschmer E, Engelmann S, Green WMJ, Weiss SM. Photonic metacrystal: design methodology and experimental characterization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7612-7624. [PMID: 35299519 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a design methodology for creating high-performance photonic crystals with arbitrary geometric shapes. This design approach enables the inclusion of subwavelength shapes into the photonic crystal unit cell, synergistically combining metamaterials concepts with on-chip guided-wave photonics. Accordingly, we use the term "photonic metacrystal" to describe this class of photonic structures. Photonic metacrystals exploiting three different design freedoms are demonstrated experimentally. With these additional degrees of freedom in the design space, photonic metacrystals enable added control of light-matter interactions and hold the promise of significantly increasing temporal confinement in all-dielectric metamaterials.
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17
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Zhang DQ, Pan GM, Jin ZW, Shu FZ, Jing XF, Hong Z, Shen CY. Tunable dielectric metasurfaces by structuring the phase-change material. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4312-4326. [PMID: 35209670 DOI: 10.1364/oe.443447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have made great progress in the last decade for generating miniature and integrated optical devices. The optical properties of metasurfaces can be tuned dynamically by integrating with phase-change materials. However, the efficiency of tunable metasurfaces remains a bit low, which is a disadvantage for the realistic applications of metasurfaces. Here, we demonstrate the tunable dielectric metasurfaces by structuring the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5. The unit cell of metasurface is composed of several Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillars with different geometric parameters, and the incident light interacts with different nanopillars at diverse phases of Ge2Sb2Te5, leading to various functions. By elaborately arranging the Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillars, various tunable optical devices have been realized, including tunable beam steering, reconfigurable metalens and switchable wave plate. The refractive direction, focal length and polarization state can be tuned through the phase transition of Ge2Sb2Te5. The phase-change metasurfaces based on Ge2Sb2Te5 nanostructures could be used in cameras, optical microscopy and adaptive optics.
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18
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Kim SJ, Kim C, Kim Y, Jeong J, Choi S, Han W, Kim J, Lee B. Dielectric Metalens: Properties and Three-Dimensional Imaging Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134584. [PMID: 34283117 PMCID: PMC8272126 DOI: 10.3390/s21134584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, optical dielectric metasurfaces, ultrathin optical skins with densely arranged dielectric nanoantennas, have arisen as next-generation technologies with merits for miniaturization and functional improvement of conventional optical components. In particular, dielectric metalenses capable of optical focusing and imaging have attracted enormous attention from academic and industrial communities of optics. They can offer cutting-edge lensing functions owing to arbitrary wavefront encoding, polarization tunability, high efficiency, large diffraction angle, strong dispersion, and novel ultracompact integration methods. Based on the properties, dielectric metalenses have been applied to numerous three-dimensional imaging applications including wearable augmented or virtual reality displays with depth information, and optical sensing of three-dimensional position of object and various light properties. In this paper, we introduce the properties of optical dielectric metalenses, and review the working principles and recent advances in three-dimensional imaging applications based on them. The authors envision that the dielectric metalens and metasurface technologies could make breakthroughs for a wide range of compact optical systems for three-dimensional display and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Je Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Myongjiro 116, Namdong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Korea; (S.C.); (W.H.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Changhyun Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.K.); (Y.K.); (B.L.)
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.K.); (Y.K.); (B.L.)
| | - Jinsoo Jeong
- Hologram Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 8 Floor, 11, World cup buk-ro 54-gil, Mapo-gu, Seoul 13488, Korea;
| | - Seokho Choi
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Myongjiro 116, Namdong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Korea; (S.C.); (W.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Woojun Han
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Myongjiro 116, Namdong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Korea; (S.C.); (W.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaisoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Myongjiro 116, Namdong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Korea; (S.C.); (W.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.K.); (Y.K.); (B.L.)
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19
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Ajia IA, Ou JY, Dinsdale NJ, Singh HJ, Chen-Sverre T, Liu T, Zheludev NI, Muskens OL. Gigahertz Nano-Optomechanical Resonances in a Dielectric SiC-Membrane Metasurface Array. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4563-4569. [PMID: 34015218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optically and vibrationally resonant nanophotonic devices are of particular importance for their ability to enhance optomechanical interactions, with applications in nanometrology, sensing, nano-optical control of light, and optomechanics. Here, the optically resonant excitation and detection of gigahertz vibrational modes are demonstrated in a nanoscale metasurface array fabricated on a suspended SiC membrane. With the design of the main optical and vibrational modes to be those of the individual metamolecules, resonant excitation and detection are achieved by making use of direct mechanisms for optomechanical coupling. Ultrafast optical pump-probe studies reveal a multimodal gigahertz vibrational response corresponding to the mechanical modes of the suspended nanoresonators. Wavelength and polarization dependent studies reveal that the excitation and detection of vibrations takes place through the metasurface optical modes. The dielectric metasurface pushes the modulation speed of optomechanical structures closer to their theoretical limits and presents a potential for compact and easily fabricable optical components for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris A Ajia
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jun-Yu Ou
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Dinsdale
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - H Johnson Singh
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Chen-Sverre
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637378, Singapore
| | - Otto L Muskens
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
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20
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Wang H, Ruan Q, Wang H, Rezaei SD, Lim KTP, Liu H, Zhang W, Trisno J, Chan JYE, Yang JKW. Full Color and Grayscale Painting with 3D Printed Low-Index Nanopillars. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4721-4729. [PMID: 34019769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sculpting nanostructures into different geometries in either one or two dimensions produces a wide range of colorful elements in microscopic prints. However, achieving different shades of gray and control of color saturation remain challenging. Here, we report a complete approach to color and grayscale generation based on the tuning of a single nanostructure geometry. Through two-photon polymerization lithography, we systematically investigated color generation from the basic single nanopillar geometry in low-refractive-index (n < 1.6) material. Grayscale and full color palettes were achieved that allow decomposition onto hue, saturation, and brightness values. This approach enabled the "painting" of arbitrary colorful and grayscale images by mapping desired prints to precisely controllable parameters during 3D printing. We further extend our understanding of the scattering properties of the low-refractive-index nanopillar to demonstrate grayscale inversion and color desaturation and steganography at the level of single nanopillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kevin T P Lim
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hailong Liu
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Trisno
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - John You En Chan
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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21
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Wang Y, Landreman P, Schoen D, Okabe K, Marshall A, Celano U, Wong HSP, Park J, Brongersma ML. Electrical tuning of phase-change antennas and metasurfaces. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:667-672. [PMID: 33875869 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The success of semiconductor electronics is built on the creation of compact, low-power switching elements that offer routing, logic and memory functions. The availability of nanoscale optical switches could have a similarly transformative impact on the development of dynamic and programmable metasurfaces, optical neural networks and quantum information processing. Phase-change materials are uniquely suited to enable their creation as they offer high-speed electrical switching between amorphous and crystalline states with notably different optical properties. Their high refractive index has already been harnessed to fashion them into compact optical antennas. Here, we take the next important step, by showing electrically-switchable phase-change antennas and metasurfaces that offer strong, reversible, non-volatile, multi-phase switching and spectral tuning of light scattering in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. Their successful implementation relies on a careful joint thermal and optical optimization of the antenna elements that comprise a silver strip that simultaneously serves as a plasmonic resonator and a miniature heating stage. Our metasurface affords electrical modulation of the reflectance by more than fourfold at 755 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Landreman
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Schoen
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Exponent Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kye Okabe
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ann Marshall
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Umberto Celano
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - H-S Philip Wong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junghyun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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22
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Li N, Canady TD, Huang Q, Wang X, Fried GA, Cunningham BT. Photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1744. [PMID: 33741998 PMCID: PMC7979857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferometric scattering microscopy is increasingly employed in biomedical research owing to its extraordinary capability of detecting nano-objects individually through their intrinsic elastic scattering. To significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio without increasing illumination intensity, we developed photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscopy (PRISM) in which a dielectric photonic crystal (PC) resonator is utilized as the sample substrate. The scattered light is amplified by the PC through resonant near-field enhancement, which then interferes with the <1% transmitted light to create a large intensity contrast. Importantly, the scattered photons assume the wavevectors delineated by PC's photonic band structure, resulting in the ability to utilize a non-immersion objective without significant loss at illumination density as low as 25 W cm-2. An analytical model of the scattering process is discussed, followed by demonstration of virus and protein detection. The results showcase the promise of nanophotonic surfaces in the development of resonance-enhanced interferometric microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Taylor D Canady
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Qinglan Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Glenn A Fried
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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23
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Li J, Wang M, Wu Z, Li H, Hu G, Jiang T, Guo J, Liu Y, Yao K, Chen Z, Fang J, Fan D, Korgel BA, Alù A, Zheng Y. Tunable Chiral Optics in All-Solid-Phase Reconfigurable Dielectric Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:973-979. [PMID: 33372805 PMCID: PMC7855985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength nanostructures with tunable compositions and geometries show favorable optical functionalities for the implementation of nanophotonic systems. Precise and versatile control of structural configurations on solid substrates is essential for their applications in on-chip devices. Here, we report all-solid-phase reconfigurable chiral nanostructures with silicon nanoparticles and nanowires as the building blocks in which the configuration and chiroptical response can be tailored on-demand by dynamic manipulation of the silicon nanoparticle. We reveal that the optical chirality originates from the handedness-dependent coupling between optical resonances of the silicon nanoparticle and the silicon nanowire via numerical simulations and coupled-mode theory analysis. Furthermore, the coexisting electric and magnetic resonances support strong enhancement of optical near-field chirality, which enables label-free enantiodiscrimination of biomolecules in single nanostructures. Our results not only provide insight into the design of functional high-index materials but also bring new strategies to develop adaptive devices for photonic and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10075, United States
| | - Zilong Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Huanan Li
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10075, United States
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10075, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kan Yao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jie Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Donglei Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10075, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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24
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Zheng M, Yang Y, Zhu D, Chen Y, Shu Z, Berggren KK, Soljačić M, Duan H. Enhancing Plasmonic Spectral Tunability with Anomalous Material Dispersion. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:91-98. [PMID: 33347300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field confinement of plasmonic systems enables spectral tunability under structural variations or environmental perturbations, which is the principle for various applications including nanorulers, sensors, and color displays. Here, we propose and demonstrate that materials with anomalous dispersion, such as Ge in the visible, improve spectral tunability. We introduce our proposal with a semianalytical guided mode picture. Using Ge-based film (Ag/Au)-coupled gap plasmon resonators, we implement two architectures and demonstrate the improved tunability with single-particle dark-field scattering, ensemble reflection, and color generation. We observe three-fold enhancement of tunability with Ge nanodisks compared with that of Si, a normal-dispersion material in the visible. The structural color generation of large array systems, made of inversely fabricated Ge-Ag resonators, exhibits a wide gamut. Our results introduce anomalous material dispersion as an extra degree of freedom to engineer the spectral tunability of plasmonic systems, especially relevant for actively tunable plasmonics and metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
- Jihua Laboratory, 528000 Foshan, China
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Di Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yiqin Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Zhiwen Shu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Karl K Berggren
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
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25
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Song JH, Raza S, van de Groep J, Kang JH, Li Q, Kik PG, Brongersma ML. Nanoelectromechanical modulation of a strongly-coupled plasmonic dimer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 33397929 PMCID: PMC7782521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of two nearly-touching plasmonic nanoparticles to squeeze light into a nanometer gap has provided a myriad of fundamental insights into light-matter interaction. In this work, we construct a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) that capitalizes on the unique, singular behavior that arises at sub-nanometer particle-spacings to create an electro-optical modulator. Using in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope, we map the spectral and spatial changes in the plasmonic modes as they hybridize and evolve from a weak to a strong coupling regime. In the strongly-coupled regime, we observe a very large mechanical tunability (~250 meV/nm) of the bonding-dipole plasmon resonance of the dimer at ~1 nm gap spacing, right before detrimental quantum effects set in. We leverage our findings to realize a prototype NEMS light-intensity modulator operating at ~10 MHz and with a power consumption of only 4 fJ/bit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Song
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Søren Raza
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute for Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qitong Li
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Pieter G Kik
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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26
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Lee KJ, Beyreuther E, Jalil SA, Kim SJ, Eng LM, Guo C, André P. Optical-field driven charge-transfer modulations near composite nanostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6150. [PMID: 33262344 PMCID: PMC7708636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical activation of material properties illustrates the potentials held by tuning light-matter interactions with impacts ranging from basic science to technological applications. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that composite nanostructures providing nonlocal environments can be engineered to optically trigger photoinduced charge-transfer-dynamic modulations in the solid state. The nanostructures explored herein lead to out-of-phase behavior between charge separation and recombination dynamics, along with linear charge-transfer-dynamic variations with the optical-field intensity. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, up to 270% increase in charge separation rate is obtained in organic semiconductor thin films. We provide evidence that composite nanostructures allow for surface photovoltages to be created, which kinetics vary with the composite architecture and last beyond optical pulse temporal characteristics. Furthermore, by generalizing Marcus theory framework, we explain why charge-transfer-dynamic modulations can only be unveiled when optic-field effects are enhanced by nonlocal image-dipole interactions. Our demonstration, that composite nanostructures can be designed to take advantage of optical fields for tuneable charge-transfer-dynamic remote actuators, opens the path for their use in practical applications ranging from photochemistry to optoelectronics. Controlling and modulating charge transfer dynamics in composite nanostructures, though promising for optoelectronic applications, remains a challenge. Here, the authors report optical control of charge separation and recombination processes in organic semiconductor-based composite nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jin Lee
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. .,Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sohail A Jalil
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Changchun, China
| | | | - Lukas M Eng
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Pascal André
- CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Villeurbanne, France. .,RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
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27
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Thureja P, Shirmanesh GK, Fountaine KT, Sokhoyan R, Grajower M, Atwater HA. Array-Level Inverse Design of Beam Steering Active Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15042-15055. [PMID: 33125844 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an array-level inverse design approach to optimize the beam steering performance of active metasurfaces, thus overcoming the limitations posed by nonideal metasurface phase and amplitude tuning. In contrast to device-level topology optimization of passive metasurfaces, the outlined system-level optimization framework relies on the electrical tunability of geometrically identical nanoantennas, enabling the design of active antenna arrays with variable spatial phase and amplitude profiles. Based on this method, we demonstrate high-directivity, continuous beam steering up to 70° for phased arrays with realistic tunable antenna designs, despite nonidealities such as strong covariation of scattered light amplitude with phase. Nonintuitive array phase and amplitude profiles further facilitate beam steering with a phase modulation range as low as 180°. Furthermore, we use the device geometries presented in this work for experimental validation of the system-level inverse design approach of active beam steering metasurfaces. The proposed method offers a framework to optimize nanophotonic structures at the array level that is potentially applicable to a wide variety of objective functions and actively tunable metasurface antenna array platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Thureja
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Kafaie Shirmanesh
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Katherine T Fountaine
- NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation, One Space Park, Redondo Beach, California 90278, United States
| | - Ruzan Sokhoyan
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Meir Grajower
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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28
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Winge DO, Limpert S, Linke H, Borgström MT, Webb B, Heinze S, Mikkelsen A. Implementing an Insect Brain Computational Circuit Using III-V Nanowire Components in a Single Shared Waveguide Optical Network. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:2787-2798. [PMID: 33123615 PMCID: PMC7587142 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in photonics include efficient nanoscale optoelectronic components and novel methods for subwavelength light manipulation. Here, we explore the potential offered by such devices as a substrate for neuromorphic computing. We propose an artificial neural network in which the weighted connectivity between nodes is achieved by emitting and receiving overlapping light signals inside a shared quasi 2D waveguide. This decreases the circuit footprint by at least an order of magnitude compared to existing optical solutions. The reception, evaluation, and emission of the optical signals are performed by neuron-like nodes constructed from known, highly efficient III-V nanowire optoelectronics. This minimizes power consumption of the network. To demonstrate the concept, we build a computational model based on an anatomically correct, functioning model of the central-complex navigation circuit of the insect brain. We simulate in detail the optical and electronic parts required to reproduce the connectivity of the central part of this network using previously experimentally derived parameters. The results are used as input in the full model, and we demonstrate that the functionality is preserved. Our approach points to a general method for drastically reducing the footprint and improving power efficiency of optoelectronic neural networks, leveraging the superior speed and energy efficiency of light as a carrier of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Winge
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Steven Limpert
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Heiner Linke
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus T. Borgström
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbara Webb
- School
of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Heinze
- Lund
Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Mikkelsen
- Department
of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- E-mail:
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29
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Fedorov VV, Bolshakov A, Sergaeva O, Neplokh V, Markina D, Bruyere S, Saerens G, Petrov MI, Grange R, Timofeeva M, Makarov SV, Mukhin IS. Gallium Phosphide Nanowires in a Free-Standing, Flexible, and Semitransparent Membrane for Large-Scale Infrared-to-Visible Light Conversion. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10624-10632. [PMID: 32806025 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of nonlinear optical response in nanostructures is one of the key topics in nanophotonics, as it allows for broad frequency conversion at the nanoscale. Nevertheless, the application of the developed designs is limited by either high cost of their manufacturing or low conversion efficiencies. This paper reports on the efficient second-harmonic generation in a free-standing GaP nanowire array encapsulated in a polymer membrane. Light coupling with optical resonances and field confinement in the nanowires together with high nonlinearity of GaP material yield a strong second-harmonic signal and efficient near-infrared (800-1200 nm) to visible upconversion. The fabricated nanowire-based membranes demonstrate high flexibility and semitransparency for the incident infrared radiation, allowing utilizing them for infrared imaging, which can be easily integrated into different optical schemes without disturbing the visualized beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Fedorov
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Bolshakov
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Sergaeva
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Markina
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephanie Bruyere
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Grégoire Saerens
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S Mukhin
- Alferov University (formerly St. Petersburg Academic University), Khlopina 8/3, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
- ITMO University, Kronverkskij 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
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30
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Lee Y, Yun J, Seo M, Kim SJ, Oh J, Kang CM, Sun HJ, Chung TD, Lee B. Full-Color-Tunable Nanophotonic Device Using Electrochromic Tungsten Trioxide Thin Film. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6084-6090. [PMID: 32603122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Color generation based on strategically designed plasmonic nanostructures is a promising approach for display applications with unprecedented high-resolution. However, it is disadvantageous in that the optical response is fixed once the structure is determined. Therefore, obtaining high modulation depth with reversible optical properties while maintaining its fixed nanostructure is a great challenge in nanophotonics. In this work, dynamic color tuning and switching using tungsten trioxide (WO3), a representative electrochromic material, are demonstrated with reflection-type and transmission-type optical devices. Thin WO3 films incorporated in simple stacked configurations undergo dynamic color change by the adjustment of their dielectric constant through the electrochromic principle. A large resonance wavelength shift up to 107 nm under an electrochemical bias of 3.2 V could be achieved by the reflection-type device. For the transmission-type device, on/off switchable color pixels with improved purity are demonstrated of which transmittance is modulated by up to 4.04:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Lee
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeongse Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Minjee Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun-Je Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Oh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54151, South Korea
| | - Chung Mu Kang
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jung Sun
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54151, South Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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31
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Li J, Yu P, Zhang S, Liu N. Electrically-controlled digital metasurface device for light projection displays. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3574. [PMID: 32681122 PMCID: PMC7367846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light projection displays play an increasingly important role in our modern life. Core projection systems including liquid crystal displays and digital micromirror devices can impose spatial light modulation and actively shape light waves. Recently, the advent of metasurfaces has revolutionized design concepts in nanophotonics, enabling a new family of optical elements with exceptional degrees of freedom. Here, we demonstrate a light projection display technology based on optical metasurfaces, called digital metasurface device (DMSD). Each metasurface pixel in a DMSD is electrically reconfigurable with well-controlled programmability and addressability. The DMSD can not only continuously modulate the intensity of light with high contrast, but also shape the wavefront of light generated by each metasurface pixel and dynamically switch between arbitrary holographic patterns. Our approach will pave an avenue towards the development of customized light projection devices. It will also drive the field of dynamic optical metasurfaces with fresh momentum and inspiring concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ping Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Na Liu
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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32
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Kim SJ, Kim I, Choi S, Yoon H, Kim C, Lee Y, Choi C, Son J, Lee YW, Rho J, Lee B. Reconfigurable all-dielectric Fano metasurfaces for strong full-space intensity modulation of visible light. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1088-1095. [PMID: 32377648 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically reconfigurable nanoscale tuning of visible light properties is one of the ultimate goals both in the academic field of nanophotonics and the optics industry demanding compact and high-resolution display devices. Among various efforts incorporating actively reconfigurable optical materials into metamaterial structures, phase-change materials have been in the spotlight owing to their optical tunability in wide spectral regions including the visible spectrum. However, reconfigurable modulation of visible light intensity has been limited with small modulation depth, reflective schemes, and a lack of profound theoretical background for universal design rules. Here, all-dielectric phase-change Fano metasurface gratings are demonstrated for strong dynamic full-space (reflection and transmission) modulation of visible intensities based on Fano resonances. By judicious periodic couplings between densely arranged meta-atoms containing VO2, phase-change induced thermo-optic modulation of full-space intensities is highly enhanced in the visible spectrum. By providing intuitive design rules, we envision that the proposed study would contribute to nanophotonics-enabled optoelectronics technologies for imaging and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Je Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Manipulating disordered plasmonic systems by external cavity with transition from broadband absorption to reconfigurable reflection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1538. [PMID: 32210243 PMCID: PMC7093388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered biostructures are ubiquitous in nature, usually generating white or black colours due to their broadband optical response and robustness to perturbations. Through judicious design, disordered nanostructures have been realised in artificial systems, with unique properties for light localisation, photon transportation and energy harvesting. On the other hand, the tunability of disordered systems with a broadband response has been scarcely explored. Here, we achieve the controlled manipulation of disordered plasmonic systems, realising the transition from broadband absorption to tunable reflection through deterministic control of the coupling to an external cavity. Starting from a generalised model, we realise disordered systems composed of plasmonic nanoclusters that either operate as a broadband absorber or with a reconfigurable reflection band throughout the visible. Not limited to its significance for the further understanding of the physics of disorder, our disordered plasmonic system provides a novel platform for various practical application such as structural colour patterning. The tunability of disordered systems with a broadband response has not been explored. Here, the authors achieve the controlled manipulation of disordered plasmonic systems, realising a transition from broadband absorption to tunable reflection through control of the coupling to an external cavity.
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34
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Holsteen AL, Cihan AF, Brongersma ML. Temporal color mixing and dynamic beam shaping with silicon metasurfaces. Science 2020; 365:257-260. [PMID: 31320534 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces offer the possibility to shape optical wavefronts with an ultracompact, planar form factor. However, most metasurfaces are static, and their optical functions are fixed after the fabrication process. Many modern optical systems require dynamic manipulation of light, and this is now driving the development of electrically reconfigurable metasurfaces. We can realize metasurfaces with fast (>105 hertz), electrically tunable pixels that offer complete (0- to 2π) phase control and large amplitude modulation of scattered waves through the microelectromechanical movement of silicon antenna arrays created in standard silicon-on-insulator technology. Our approach can be used to realize a platform technology that enables low-voltage operation of pixels for temporal color mixing and continuous, dynamic beam steering and light focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Holsteen
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4045, USA
| | - Ahmet Fatih Cihan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4045, USA.
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35
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Atorf B, Mühlenbernd H, Zentgraf T, Kitzerow H. All-optical switching of a dye-doped liquid crystal plasmonic metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8898-8908. [PMID: 32225506 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A switchable metasurface composed of plasmonic split ring resonators and a dye-doped liquid crystal is developed. The transmission of the metasurface in the infrared spectral range can be changed by illuminating the dye-doped liquid crystal with light in the visible spectral range. The effect is particularly efficient in the case of hybrid alignment of the liquid crystal, i. e. alignment of the director perpendicular to the surface on one substrate and parallel alignment on the counter substrate. This all-optical switching effect can be attributed to the behavior described in earlier works as colossal optical nonlinearity or surface-induced nonlinear optical effect.
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36
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Raza S. Slow light using magnetic and electric Mie resonances. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1260-1263. [PMID: 32108820 DOI: 10.1364/ol.386781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to slow down light leads to strong light-matter interaction, which is important for a number of optical applications such as sensing, nonlinear optics, and optical pulse manipulation. Here, we show that a dramatic reduction in the speed of light can be realized through the interference of electric and magnetic dipole resonances in Mie-type resonators made of a dielectric material with a high refractive index. We present a general theory that links the maximal speed reduction of light to resonator radiation losses and then consider a specific realization based on silicon nanodisk arrays.
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37
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Ye M, Li SQ, Gao Y, Crozier KB. Long-wave infrared magnetic mirror based on Mie resonators on conductive substrate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:1472-1491. [PMID: 32121857 DOI: 10.1364/oe.378940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal films are often used in optoelectronic devices as mirrors and/or electrical contacts. In many such devices, however, the π-phase shift of the electric field that occurs upon reflection from a perfect electric conductor (for which a metal mirror is a reasonable approximation) is undesirable. This is because it results in the total electric field being zero at the mirror surface, which is unfavorable if one wishes for example to enhance absorption by a material placed there. This has motivated the development of structures that reflect light with zero phase shift, as these lead to the electric field having an anti-node (rather than node) at the surface. These structures have been denoted by a variety of terms, including magnetic mirrors, magnetic conductors, and high impedance surfaces. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a long-wave infrared device that we term a magnetic mirror. It comprises an array of amorphous silicon cuboids on a gold film. Our measurements demonstrate a phase shift of zero and a high reflectance (of ∼90%) at a wavelength of 8.4 µm. We present the results of a multipole analysis that provides insight into the physical mechanism. Lastly, we investigate the use of our structure in a photodetector application by performing simulations of the optical absorption by monolayer graphene placed on the cuboids.
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38
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Oh S, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Kim YS, Cho J, Park JH, Kim KK, Jung YS, Park SJ. Polarized ultraviolet emitters with Al wire-grid polarizers fabricated by solvent-assisted nanotransfer process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:045304. [PMID: 31593938 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4c16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polarized ultraviolet (UV) emitters are essential for various applications, such as photoalignment devices for liquid crystals, high-resolution imaging devices, highly sensitive sensors, and steppers. To increase the high polarization ratio (PR) of a UV emitter, the grating period should be decreased than that of the visible emitter. However, the fabrication of the short period grating directly on UV emitters is still limited. In this study, we demonstrate that 200, 100, and 50 nm period aluminum (Al)-based wire-grid polarizers (WGPs) can be fabricated directly on UV emitters by a solvent-assisted nanotransfer process. The UV emitter with a grating period of 100 nm shows a PR of 84%, and an electroluminescence efficiency that is 22.5% and 48% higher than those of UV emitters with 50 nm and 200 nm period WGPs, respectively, due to the increased photon extraction efficiency (PEE). The higher PEE is attributed to the optical cavity property of the Al metal reflector with low light loss and the surface plasmon effect of the Al grating layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Oh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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39
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Matthiae M, Nielsen KES, Larroche A, Zhou C, Kristensen A, Raza S. Probing optical resonances of silicon nanostructures using tunable-excitation Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:38479-38492. [PMID: 31878614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical materials with a high refractive index enable effective manipulation of light at the nanoscale through strong light confinement. However, the optical near field, which is mainly confined inside such high-index nanostructures, is difficult to probe with existing measurement techniques. Here, we exploit the connection between Raman scattering and the stored electric energy to detect resonance-induced near-field enhancements in silicon nanostructures. We introduce a Raman setup with a wavelength-tunable laser, which allows us to tune the Raman excitation wavelength and thereby identify Fabry-Pérot and Mie type resonances in silicon thin films and nanodisk arrays, respectively. We measure the optical near-field enhancement by comparing the Raman response on and off resonance. Our results show that tunable-excitation Raman spectroscopy can be used as a complimentary far-field technique to reflection measurements for nanoscale characterization and quality control. As proof-of-principle for the latter, we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy captures fabrication imperfections in the silicon nanodisk arrays, enabling an all-optical quality control of metasurfaces.
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40
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Shaltout AM, Shalaev VM, Brongersma ML. Spatiotemporal light control with active metasurfaces. Science 2019; 364:364/6441/eaat3100. [PMID: 31097638 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have provided us with extraordinary ways to control light by spatially structuring materials. The space-time duality in Maxwell's equations suggests that additional structuring of metasurfaces in the time domain can even further expand their impact on the field of optics. Advances toward this goal critically rely on the development of new materials and nanostructures that exhibit very large and fast changes in their optical properties in response to external stimuli. New physics is also emerging as ultrafast tuning of metasurfaces is becoming possible, including wavelength shifts that emulate the Doppler effect, Lorentz nonreciprocity, time-reversed optical behavior, and negative refraction. The large-scale manufacturing of dynamic flat optics has the potential to revolutionize many emerging technologies that require active wavefront shaping with lightweight, compact, and power-efficient components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Shaltout
- Geballe Lab for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Lab for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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41
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Li Y, van de Groep J, Talin AA, Brongersma ML. Dynamic Tuning of Gap Plasmon Resonances Using a Solid-State Electrochromic Device. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7988-7995. [PMID: 31560552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antennas and metasurfaces can effectively control light-matter interactions, and this facilitates a deterministic design of optical materials properties, including structural color. However, these optical properties are generally fixed after synthesis and fabrication, while many modern-day optics applications require active, low-power, and nonvolatile tuning. These needs have spurred broad research activities aimed at identifying materials and resonant structures capable of achieving large, dynamic changes in optical properties, especially in the challenging visible spectral range. In this work, we demonstrate dynamic tuning of polarization-dependent gap plasmon resonators that contain the electrochromic oxide WO3. Its refractive index in the visible changes continuously from n = 2.1 to 1.9 upon electrochemical lithium insertion and removal in a solid-state device. By incorporating WO3 into a gap plasmon resonator, the resonant wavelength can be shifted continuously and reversibly by up to 58 nm with less than 2 V electrochemical bias voltage. The resonator can remain in a tuned state for tens of minutes under open circuit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - A Alec Talin
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory of Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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Yao D, Li C, Wen G, Liang A, Jiang Z. A highly sensitive and accurate SERS/RRS dual-spectroscopic immunosensor for clenbuterol based on nitrogen/silver-codoped carbon dots catalytic amplification. Talanta 2019; 209:120529. [PMID: 31892061 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of multifunctional codoped carbon dots, and their new analytical applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) quantitative analytical method are still challenge. To overcome these problems, the nitrogen/silver-codoped carbon dots (CDN/Ag) with highly catalytic amplification are prepared by microwave method, and characterized by spectrophotometry and electron microscopy. The results show that CDN/Ag can strongly catalyze trisodium citrate-HAuCl4 reaction to generate red nanogold with resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) effect and SERS effect using Victoria blue B (VBB) as molecular probes. The CDN/Ag catalytic amplification and specific immunoreaction of clenbuterol (Clen) are coupled with highly sensitive SERS and accurate RRS to fabricate a new dual-spectroscopic strategy with a detection limit of 0.68 pg mL-1 Clen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, 546300, China
| | - Chongning Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Guiqing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Li Q, van de Groep J, Wang Y, Kik PG, Brongersma ML. Transparent multispectral photodetectors mimicking the human visual system. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4982. [PMID: 31676782 PMCID: PMC6825164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact and lightweight photodetection elements play a critical role in the newly emerging augmented reality, wearable and sensing technologies. In these technologies, devices are preferred to be transparent to form an optical interface between a viewer and the outside world. For this reason, it is of great value to create detection platforms that are imperceptible to the human eye directly onto transparent substrates. Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) make ideal photodetectors as their optical resonances enable parsing of the multi-dimensional information carried by light. Unfortunately, these optical resonances also give rise to strong, undesired light scattering. In this work, we illustrate how a new optical resonance arising from the radiative coupling between arrayed silicon NWs can be harnessed to remove reflections from dielectric interfaces while affording spectro-polarimetric detection. The demonstrated transparent photodetector concept opens up promising platforms for transparent substrates as the base for opto-electronic devices and in situ optical measurement systems. For augmented reality technologies it is beneficial to create devices on transparent substrates that are imperceptible to the human eye. Here, the authors harness resonances from radiative coupling between arrayed silicon nanowire photodetectors to remove reflections while affording spectro-polarimetric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Li
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter G Kik
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Wang Q, Zhang XG, Tian HW, Jiang WX, Bao D, Jiang HL, Luo ZJ, Wu LT, Cui TJ. Millimeter‐Wave Digital Coding Metasurfaces Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Xin Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Han Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Wei Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Di Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Hao Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Zhang Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Li Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
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He S, Yang H, Jiang Y, Deng W, Zhu W. Recent Advances in MEMS Metasurfaces and Their Applications on Tunable Lens. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10080505. [PMID: 31370137 PMCID: PMC6723974 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electromagnetic (EM) properties of metasurfaces depend on both structural design and material properties. microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology offers an approach for tuning metasurface EM properties by structural reconfiguration. In the past 10 years, vast applications have been demonstrated based on MEMS metasurfaces, which proved to have merits including, large tunability, fast speed, small size, light weight, capability of dense integration, and compatibility of cost-effective fabrication process. Here, recent advances in MEMS metasurface applications are reviewed and categorized based on the tuning mechanisms, operation band and tuning speed. As an example, the pros and cons of MEMS metasurfaces for tunable lens applications are discussed and compared with traditional tunable lens technologies followed by the summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei He
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yunhui Jiang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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Baumberg JJ, Aizpurua J, Mikkelsen MH, Smith DR. Extreme nanophotonics from ultrathin metallic gaps. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:668-678. [PMID: 30936482 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin dielectric gaps between metals can trap plasmonic optical modes with surprisingly low loss and with volumes below 1 nm3. We review the origin and subtle properties of these modes, and show how they can be well accounted for by simple models. Particularly important is the mixing between radiating antennas and confined nanogap modes, which is extremely sensitive to precise nanogeometry, right down to the single-atom level. Coupling nanogap plasmons to electronic and vibronic transitions yields a host of phenomena including single-molecule strong coupling and molecular optomechanics, opening access to atomic-scale chemistry and materials science, as well as quantum metamaterials. Ultimate low-energy devices such as robust bottom-up assembled single-atom switches are thus in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastiàn, Spain
| | - Maiken H Mikkelsen
- Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David R Smith
- Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Lin Z, Huang L, Zhao R, Wei Q, Zentgraf T, Wang Y, Li X. Dynamic control of mode modulation and spatial multiplexing using hybrid metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:18740-18750. [PMID: 31252811 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.018740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Designing reconfigurable metasurfaces that can dynamically control scattered electromagnetic waves and work in the near-infrared (NIR) and optical regimes remains a challenging task, which is hindered by the static material property and fixed structures. Phase change materials (PCMs) can provide high contrast optical refractive indexes at high frequencies between amorphous and crystal states, therefore are promising as feasible materials for reconfigurable metasurfaces. Here, we propose a hybrid metasurface that can arbitrarily modulate the complex amplitude of incident light with uniform amplitude and full 2π phase coverage by utilizing composite concentric rings (CCRs) with different ratios of gold and PCMs. Our designed metasurface possesses a bi-functionality that is capable of splitting beams or generating vortex beams by thermal switching between metal and semiconductor states of vanadium oxide (VO2), respectively. It can be easily integrated into low loss photonic circuits with an ultra-small footprint. Our metadevice serves as a novel paradigm for active control of beams, which may open new opportunities for signal processing, memory storage, holography, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Li SQ, Xu X, Maruthiyodan Veetil R, Valuckas V, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Kuznetsov AI. Phase-only transmissive spatial light modulator based on tunable dielectric metasurface. Science 2019; 364:1087-1090. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly developing augmented reality, solid-state light detection and ranging (LIDAR), and holographic display technologies require spatial light modulators (SLMs) with high resolution and viewing angle to satisfy increasing customer demands. Performance of currently available SLMs is limited by their large pixel sizes on the order of several micrometers. Here, we propose a concept of tunable dielectric metasurfaces modulated by liquid crystal, which can provide abrupt phase change, thus enabling pixel-size miniaturization. We present a metasurface-based transmissive SLM, configured to generate active beam steering with >35% efficiency and a large beam deflection angle of 11°. The high resolution and steering angle obtained provide opportunities to develop the next generation of LIDAR and display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
| | - Xuewu Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
| | - Rasna Maruthiyodan Veetil
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
| | - Vytautas Valuckas
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
| | - Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
| | - Arseniy I. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 138634 Singapore
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Tian J, Luo H, Yang Y, Ding F, Qu Y, Zhao D, Qiu M, Bozhevolnyi SI. Active control of anapole states by structuring the phase-change alloy Ge 2Sb 2Te 5. Nat Commun 2019; 10:396. [PMID: 30674900 PMCID: PMC6344509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-index dielectric nanoparticles supporting a distinct series of Mie resonances have enabled a new class of optical antennas with unprecedented functionalities. The great wealth of multipolar responses has not only brought in new physical insight but also spurred practical applications. However, how to make such a colorful resonance palette actively tunable is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the structured phase-change alloy Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can support a diverse set of multipolar Mie resonances with active tunability. By harnessing the dramatic optical contrast of GST, we realize broadband (Δλ/λ ~ 15%) mode shifting between an electric dipole resonance and an anapole state. Active control of higher-order anapoles and multimodal tuning are also investigated, which make the structured GST serve as a multispectral optical switch with high extinction contrasts (>6 dB). With all these findings, our study provides a new direction for realizing active nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanqing Yang
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Fei Ding
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yurui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ding Zhao
- DTU Danchip/Cen, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Sergey I Bozhevolnyi
- SDU Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
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Huang Y, Yan J, Ma C, Yang G. Active tuning of the Fano resonance from a Si nanosphere dimer by the substrate effect. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:148-157. [PMID: 32254150 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All-dielectric materials have aroused great interest for their unique light scattering and lower losses compared with plasmonics. Generally, optical properties made by all-dielectric materials can be passively controlled by varying the geometry, size and refractive index at the design stage. Therefore, the realization of active tuning in the field of nanophotonics is important to improve the practicality and achieve light-on-chip technology in the future. Herein, we combine the high refractive index of Si and the phase transition of VO2 to form an active tuning hybrid nanostructure with higher quality factor by depositing Si nanospheres on the VO2 layer with an Al2O3 substrate. As the temperature goes up, the refractive index of the VO2 layer switches from high to low. The scattering intensity of the magnetic dipole resonance of Si nanospheres decreases differently depending on their size, while the intensity of the electric dipole resonance remains almost unchanged. Meanwhile, Fano resonances are observed in the Si nanosphere dimers with a continuous variable Fano lineshape when adjusting the temperature. Mie theory and substrate-induced resonant magneto-electric effects are used to analyze and explain these phenomena. Tuning of the Fano resonance is attributed to the substrate effect from the interaction between Si nanospheres and phase transition of the VO2 layer with temperature. These light scattering properties of such a hybrid nanostructure make it promising for temperature sensing or as a light source at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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