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Lofgren L, Nguyen NH, Kennedy P, Pérez-Pazos E, Fletcher J, Liao HL, Wang H, Zhang K, Ruytinx J, Smith AH, Ke YH, Cotter HVT, Engwall E, Hameed KM, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Suillus: an emerging model for the study of ectomycorrhizal ecology and evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1448-1475. [PMID: 38581203 PMCID: PMC11045321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Research on mycorrhizal symbiosis has been slowed by a lack of established study systems. To address this challenge, we have been developing Suillus, a widespread ecologically and economically relevant fungal genus primarily associated with the plant family Pinaceae, into a model system for studying ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations. Over the last decade, we have compiled extensive genomic resources, culture libraries, a phenotype database, and protocols for manipulating Suillus fungi with and without their tree partners. Our efforts have already resulted in a large number of publicly available genomes, transcriptomes, and respective annotations, as well as advances in our understanding of mycorrhizal partner specificity and host communication, fungal and plant nutrition, environmental adaptation, soil nutrient cycling, interspecific competition, and biological invasions. Here, we highlight the most significant recent findings enabled by Suillus, present a suite of protocols for working with the genus, and discuss how Suillus is emerging as an important model to elucidate the ecology and evolution of ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Lofgren
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Māno, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1475 Gortner Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jessica Fletcher
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haihua Wang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, 1692 McCarty Dr, Room 2181, Building A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Rd Quincy, FL 3235, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, USA
| | - Alexander H. Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Ke
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H. Van T. Cotter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Herbarium, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eiona Engwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Khalid M. Hameed
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver 1151 Arapahoe St, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Dyshko V, Hilszczańska D, Davydenko K, Matić S, Moser WK, Borowik P, Oszako T. An Overview of Mycorrhiza in Pines: Research, Species, and Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:506. [PMID: 38498468 PMCID: PMC10891885 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In the latest literature, climate models show that the conditions for pines, spruces, larches, and birches will deteriorate significantly. In Poland, as well as in other European countries, there are already signs of the decline of these species. This review article deals with the symbiotic relationships between fungi and plants, which can hardly be overestimated, using the example of pine trees. These are the oldest known symbiotic relationships, which are of great benefit to both components and can help plants, in particular, survive periods of severe drought and the attack of pathogens on the roots. This article describes symbioses and their causal conditions, as well as the mycorrhizal components of pine trees and their properties; characterizes ectomycorrhizal fungi and their mushroom-forming properties; and provides examples of the cultivation of pure fungal cultures, with particular attention to the specificity of the mycorrhizal structure and its effects on the growth and development of Pinus species. Finally, the role of mycorrhiza in plant protection and pathogen control is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Dyshko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration Named after G. M. Vysotsky, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.D.); (K.D.)
| | - Dorota Hilszczańska
- Department of Forest Ecology, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration Named after G. M. Vysotsky, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.D.); (K.D.)
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Slavica Matić
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - W. Keith Moser
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA;
| | - Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
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3
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Chot E, Medicherla KM, Reddy MS. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus albus in response to individual and combined stress of copper and cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118616-118633. [PMID: 37917254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
An ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus albus establishes the natural symbiosis with plant roots on extreme heavy metal (HM)-rich soil and enables their survival in toxic metal concentrations. Understanding P. albus key genes and pathways behind strong metal tolerance is crucial for its successful application in the rehabilitation of metal-contaminated barren lands. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the whole transcriptome profile of P. albus under individual and combined metal stress of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). At 480 µM Cu and 16 µM Cd toxic concentrations, P. albus has shown growth and survival and accumulated high metal (1.46 µg Cu and 1.13 µg Cd per mg of dry mycelia). The study found a stronger response of P. albus to single-metal stress in high concentration as compared to multi-metal stress in relatively lower concentration. Hence, the intensity of fungal response to HM stress is mainly determined by the metal concentration involved in stress. We have found a total of 11 pathways significantly associated with HM stress, among which amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolisms were highly affected. The functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes has shown the induced biosynthesis of arginine, melanin, metal chelating agents, membrane phospholipids, fatty acids, folate, pantothenate, ergothioneine, and other antioxidant agents; upregulation of zinc ion uptake, potassium transporters, and lysine degradation; and reduction of phosphatidylcholine degradation, incorrect protein folding, iron uptake, and potassium efflux as the top efficient tolerance mechanisms of P. albus against HM stress. The current study would contribute to understanding fungal HM tolerance and its further utilization in the bioremediation of metal-contaminated abandoned lands. The validation of RNA-sequencing analysis with RT-qPCR of selected genes showed the high credibility of the presented data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetika Chot
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | | | - Mondem Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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4
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xiao J, Huang Z, Li Y, Li H, Li P. Virome analysis of an ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus revealing potential evolutionary implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229859. [PMID: 37662006 PMCID: PMC10470027 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suillus luteus is a widespread edible ectomycorrhizal fungus that holds significant importance in both ecological and economic value. Mycoviruses are ubiquitous infectious agents hosted in different fungi, with some known to exert beneficial or detrimental effects on their hosts. However, mycoviruses hosted in ectomycorrhizal fungi remain poorly studied. To address this gap in knowledge, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the virome of S. luteus. Using BLASTp analysis and phylogenetic tree construction, we identified 33 mycovirus species, with over half of them belonging to the phylum Lenarviricota, and 29 of these viruses were novel. These mycoviruses were further grouped into 11 lineages, with the discovery of a new negative-sense single-stranded RNA viral family in the order Bunyavirales. In addition, our findings suggest the occurrence of cross-species transmission (CST) between the fungus and ticks, shedding light on potential evolutionary events that have shaped the viral community in different hosts. This study is not only the first study to characterize mycoviruses in S. luteus but highlights the enormous diversity of mycoviruses and their implications for virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yin X, Martineau C, Samad A, Fenton NJ. Out of site, out of mind: Changes in feather moss phyllosphere microbiota in mine offsite boreal landscapes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148157. [PMID: 37089542 PMCID: PMC10113616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and ecological services in boreal forest biomes. Mining for minerals, and especially the emission of heavy metal-enriched dust from mine sites, is a potential threat to biodiversity in offsite landscapes. Understanding the impacts of mining on surrounding phyllosphere microbiota is especially lacking. To investigate this, we characterized bacterial and fungal communities in the phyllosphere of feather moss Pleurozium schreberi (Brid). Mitt in boreal landscapes near six gold mine sites at different stages of the mine lifecycle. We found that (1) both mining stage and ecosystem type are drivers of the phyllosphere microbial community structure in mine offsite landscapes; (2) Bacterial alpha diversity is more sensitive than fungal alpha diversity to mining stage, while beta diversity of both groups is impacted; (3) mixed and deciduous forests have a higher alpha diversity and a distinct microbial community structure when compared to coniferous and open canopy ecosystems; (4) the strongest effects are detectable within 0.2 km from operating mines. These results confirmed the presence of offsite effects of mine sites on the phyllosphere microbiota in boreal forests, as well as identified mining stage and ecosystem type as drivers of these effects. Furthermore, the footprint was quantified at 0.2 km, providing a reference distance within which mining companies and policy makers should pay more attention during ecological assessment and for the development of mitigation strategies. Further studies are needed to assess how these offsite effects of mines affect the functioning of boreal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Yin
- NSERC-UQAT Industrial Chair in Northern Biodiversity in a Mining Context, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts (IRF), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiangbo Yin,
| | - Christine Martineau
- NSERC-UQAT Industrial Chair in Northern Biodiversity in a Mining Context, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Abdul Samad
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole J. Fenton
- NSERC-UQAT Industrial Chair in Northern Biodiversity in a Mining Context, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Institut de Recherche sur les Forêts (IRF), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
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6
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Bazzicalupo A. Local adaptation in fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6604384. [PMID: 35675293 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, I explore the pervasive but underappreciated role of local adaptation in fungi. It has been difficult historically to study local adaptation in fungi because of the limited understanding of fungal species and their traits, but new hope has been offered with technological advances in sequencing. The filamentous nature of fungi invalidates some assumptions made in evolution because of their ability to exist as multinucleate entities with genetically different nuclei sharing the same cytoplasm. Many insights on local adaptation have come from studying fungi, and much of the empirical evidence gathered about local adaptation in the context of host-pathogen interactions comes from studying fungal virulence genes, drug resistance, and environmental adaptation. Together, these insights paint a picture of the variety of processes involved in fungal local adaptation and their connections to the unusual cell biology of Fungi (multinucleate, filamentous habit), but there is much that remains unknown, with major gaps in our knowledge of fungal species, their phenotypes, and the ways by which they adapt to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bazzicalupo
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200 - 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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7
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Branco S, Schauster A, Liao HL, Ruytinx J. Mechanisms of stress tolerance and their effects on the ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2158-2175. [PMID: 35713988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress is ubiquitous and disrupts homeostasis, leading to damage, decreased fitness, and even death. Like other organisms, mycorrhizal fungi evolved mechanisms for stress tolerance that allow them to persist or even thrive under environmental stress. Such mechanisms can also protect their obligate plant partners, contributing to their health and survival under hostile conditions. Here we review the effects of stress and mechanisms of stress response in mycorrhizal fungi. We cover molecular and cellular aspects of stress and how stress impacts individual fitness, physiology, growth, reproduction, and interactions with plant partners, along with how some fungi evolved to tolerate hostile environmental conditions. We also address how stress and stress tolerance can lead to adaptation and have cascading effects on population- and community-level diversity. We argue that mycorrhizal fungal stress tolerance can strongly shape not only fungal and plant physiology, but also their ecology and evolution. We conclude by pointing out knowledge gaps and important future research directions required for both fully understanding stress tolerance in the mycorrhizal context and addressing ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Annie Schauster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Eardly BD, Cloutier M, Chung TJ, Roitman S, Vieira FR, Bruns MA. Ectomycorrhizal diversity on the roots of Pitch pine (
Pinus rigida
Mill.) saplings as influenced by remediation and soil metal content. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand D. Eardly
- Division of Science, Berks College The Pennsylvania State University Reading PA 19610 USA
| | - Mara Cloutier
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Tae Jung Chung
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Sofia Roitman
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Fabricio Rocha Vieira
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mary Ann Bruns
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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Zhang K, Tappero R, Ruytinx J, Branco S, Liao HL. Disentangling the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in plant nutrient acquisition along a Zn gradient using X-ray imaging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149481. [PMID: 34467922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a plant essential micronutrient involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are known to play a critical role in regulating plant Zn status. However, how EMF control uptake and translocation of Zn and other nutrients in plant roots under different Zn conditions is not well known. Using X-ray fluorescence imaging, we found the EMF species Suillus luteus increased pine root Zn acquisition under low Zn concentrations and reduced its accumulation under higher Zn levels. By contrast, non-mycorrhizal pine roots exposed to high Zn indiscriminately take up and translocate Zn to root tissues, leading to Zn stress. Regardless of S. luteus inoculation, the absorption pattern of Ca and Cu was similar to Zn. Compared to Ca and Cu, effects of S. luteus on Fe acquisition were more marked, leading to a negative association between Zn addition and Fe concentration within EMF roots. Besides, higher nutrient accumulation in the fungal sheath, compared to hyphae inhabiting between intercellular space of cortex cells, implies the fungal sheath serves as a barrier to regulate nutrient transportation into fungal Hartig net. Our results demonstrate the crucial roles EMF play in plant nutrient uptake and how fungal partners ameliorate soil chemical conditions either by increasing or decreasing element uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Groups Microbiology and Plant Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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10
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Yung L, Bertheau C, Tafforeau F, Zappelini C, Valot B, Maillard F, Selosse MA, Viotti C, Binet P, Chiapusio G, Chalot M. Partial overlap of fungal communities associated with nettle and poplar roots when co-occurring at a trace metal contaminated site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146692. [PMID: 33838361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) raises growing interest in phytomanagement because it commonly grows under poplar Short Rotation Coppices (SRC) set up at trace-metal (TM) contaminated sites and provides high-quality herbaceous fibres. The mycobiome of this non-mycorhizal plant and its capacity to adapt to TM-contaminated environments remains unknown. This study aimed at characterizing the mycobiome associated with nettle and poplar roots co-occurring at a TM-contaminated site. Plant root barcoding using the fungi-specific ITS1F-ITS2 primers and Illumina MiSeq technology revealed that nettle and poplar had distinct root fungal communities. The nettle mycobiome was dominated by Pezizomycetes from known endophytic taxa and from the supposedly saprotrophic genus Kotlabaea (which was the most abundant). Several ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Inocybe (Agaricomycetes) and Tuber (Pezizomycetes) species were associated with the poplar roots. Most of the Pezizomycetes taxa were present in the highly TM-contaminated area whereas Agaricomycetes tended to be reduced. Despite being a known non-mycorrhizal plant, nettle was associated with a significant proportion of ectomycorrhizal OTU (9.7%), suggesting some connexions between the poplar and the nettle root mycobiomes. Finally, our study raised the interest in reconsidering the fungal networking beyond known mycorrhizal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Yung
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Coralie Bertheau
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Flavien Tafforeau
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Cyril Zappelini
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - François Maillard
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, SU, EPHE), Muséeum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75000 Paris, France; Faculty of Biology, University of Gdan sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Chloé Viotti
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Binet
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Geneviève Chiapusio
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Michel Chalot
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, 54000 Nancy, France
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11
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Bhattacharyya A, Pablo CHD, Mavrodi OV, Weller DM, Thomashow LS, Mavrodi DV. Rhizosphere plant-microbe interactions under water stress. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 115:65-113. [PMID: 34140134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, with its extreme temperature, weather and precipitation patterns, is a major global concern of dryland farmers, who currently meet the challenges of climate change agronomically and with growth of drought-tolerant crops. Plants themselves compensate for water stress by modifying aerial surfaces to control transpiration and altering root hydraulic conductance to increase water uptake. These responses are complemented by metabolic changes involving phytohormone network-mediated activation of stress response pathways, resulting in decreased photosynthetic activity and the accumulation of metabolites to maintain osmotic and redox homeostasis. Phylogenetically diverse microbial communities sustained by plants contribute to host drought tolerance by modulating phytohormone levels in the rhizosphere and producing water-sequestering biofilms. Drylands of the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA, illustrate the interdependence of dryland crops and their associated microbiota. Indigenous Pseudomonas spp. selected there by long-term wheat monoculture suppress root diseases via the production of antibiotics, with soil moisture a critical determinant of the bacterial distribution, dynamics and activity. Those pseudomonads producing phenazine antibiotics on wheat had more abundant rhizosphere biofilms and provided improved tolerance to drought, suggesting a role of the antibiotic in alleviation of drought stress. The transcriptome and metabolome studies suggest the importance of wheat root exudate-derived osmoprotectants for the adaptation of these pseudomonads to the rhizosphere lifestyle and support the idea that the exchange of metabolites between plant roots and microorganisms profoundly affects and shapes the belowground plant microbiome under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Clint H D Pablo
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Olga V Mavrodi
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - David M Weller
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Dmitri V Mavrodi
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States.
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12
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Bazzicalupo AL, Ruytinx J, Ke Y, Coninx L, Colpaert JV, Nguyen NH, Vilgalys R, Branco S. Fungal heavy metal adaptation through single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy‐number variation. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4157-4169. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Bazzicalupo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Montana State University Bozeman MT USA
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Research Group of Microbiology Department of Bioengineering Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Yi‐Hong Ke
- Biology Department Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Laura Coninx
- Biology Department Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jan V. Colpaert
- Biology Department Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Nhu H. Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
| | | | - Sara Branco
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA
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Ruytinx J, Kafle A, Usman M, Coninx L, Zimmermann SD, Garcia K. Micronutrient transport in mycorrhizal symbiosis; zinc steals the show. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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15
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Domka AM, Rozpaądek P, Turnau K. Are Fungal Endophytes Merely Mycorrhizal Copycats? The Role of Fungal Endophytes in the Adaptation of Plants to Metal Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:371. [PMID: 30930857 PMCID: PMC6428775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of soil with toxic metals is a worldwide problem, resulting in the disruption of plant vegetation and subsequent crop production. Thus, remediation techniques for contaminated soil and water remain a constant interest of researchers. Phytoremediation, which utilizes plants to remove or stabilize contaminants, is perceived to be a promising strategy. However, phytoremediation's use to date is limited because of constraints associated with such factors as slow plant growth rates or metal toxicity. Microbial-assisted phytoremediation serves as an alternative solution, since the impact of the microbial symbionts on plant growth and stress tolerance has frequently been described. Endophytic fungi occur in almost every plant in the natural environment and contribute to plant growth and tolerance to environmental stress conditions. Although this group of symbiotic fungi was found to form association with a wide range of hosts, including the non-mycorrhizal Brassicaceae metallophytes, their role in the response of plants to metal toxicity has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of endophytic fungi in the tolerance of plants to toxic metals and highlights the similarities and differences between this group of symbiotic fungi and mycorrhizal associations in terms of the survival of the plant during heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Rozpaądek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Importance of AM fungi and local adaptation in plant response to environmental change: Field evidence at contrasting elevations. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, Elbourne LDH, Tetu S, Bonsall RF, Parejko J, Yang M, Paulsen IT, Weller DM, Thomashow LS. Long-Term Irrigation Affects the Dynamics and Activity of the Wheat Rhizosphere Microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:345. [PMID: 29619036 PMCID: PMC5871930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Inland Pacific Northwest (IPNW) encompasses 1. 6 million cropland hectares and is a major wheat-producing area in the western United States. The climate throughout the region is semi-arid, making the availability of water a significant challenge for IPNW agriculture. Much attention has been given to uncovering the effects of water stress on the physiology of wheat and the dynamics of its soilborne diseases. In contrast, the impact of soil moisture on the establishment and activity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of dryland wheat remains poorly understood. We addressed this gap by conducting a three-year field study involving wheat grown in adjacent irrigated and dryland (rainfed) plots established in Lind, Washington State. We used deep amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA to characterize the responses of the wheat rhizosphere microbiome to overhead irrigation. We also characterized the population dynamics and activity of indigenous Phz+ rhizobacteria that produce the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and contribute to the natural suppression of soilborne pathogens of wheat. Results of the study revealed that irrigation affected the Phz+ rhizobacteria adversely, which was evident from the significantly reduced plant colonization frequency, population size and levels of PCA in the field. The observed differences between irrigated and dryland plots were reproducible and amplified over the course of the study, thus identifying soil moisture as a critical abiotic factor that influences the dynamics, and activity of indigenous Phz+ communities. The three seasons of irrigation had a slight effect on the overall diversity within the rhizosphere microbiome but led to significant differences in the relative abundances of specific OTUs. In particular, irrigation differentially affected multiple groups of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, including taxa with known plant growth-promoting activity. Analysis of environmental variables revealed that the separation between irrigated and dryland treatments was due to changes in the water potential (Ψm) and pH. In contrast, the temporal changes in the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome correlated with temperature and precipitation. In summary, our long-term study provides insights into how the availability of water in a semi-arid agroecosystem shapes the belowground wheat microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Mavrodi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Olga V. Mavrodi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Liam D. H. Elbourne
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sasha Tetu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert F. Bonsall
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - James Parejko
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M. Weller
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA, United States
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18
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Oladipo OG, Awotoye OO, Olayinka A, Bezuidenhout CC, Maboeta MS. Heavy metal tolerance traits of filamentous fungi isolated from gold and gemstone mining sites. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:29-37. [PMID: 28844883 PMCID: PMC5790576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased environmental pollution has necessitated the need for eco-friendly clean-up strategies. Filamentous fungal species from gold and gemstone mine site soils were isolated, identified and assessed for their tolerance to varied heavy metal concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and iron (Fe). The identities of the fungal strains were determined based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and ITS 2) regions. Mycelia growth of the fungal strains were subjected to a range of (0–100 Cd), (0–1000 Cu), (0–400 Pb), (0–500 As) and (0–800 Fe) concentrations (mgkg−1) incorporated into malt extract agar (MEA) in triplicates. Fungal radial growths were recorded every three days over a 13-days’ incubation period. Fungal strains were identified as Fomitopsis meliae, Trichoderma ghanense and Rhizopus microsporus. All test fungal exhibited tolerance to Cu, Pb, and Fe at all test concentrations (400–1000 mgkg−1), not differing significantly (p > 0.05) from the controls and with tolerance index >1. T. ghanense and R. microsporus demonstrated exceptional capacity for Cd and As concentrations, while showing no significant (p > 0.05) difference compared to the controls and with a tolerance index >1 at 25 mgkg−1 Cd and 125 mgkg−1 As. Remarkably, these fungal strains showed tolerance to metal concentrations exceeding globally permissible limits for contaminated soils. It is envisaged that this metal tolerance trait exhibited by these fungal strains may indicate their potentials as effective agents for bioremediative clean-up of heavy metal polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akinyemi Olayinka
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Soil and Land Resources Management, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Mark Steve Maboeta
- North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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19
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Nguyen H, Rineau F, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A, Colpaert JV, Ruytinx J. A novel, highly conserved metallothionein family in basidiomycete fungi and characterization of two representative SlMTa
and SlMTb
genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2577-2587. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Nguyen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology; Hasselt University; Agoralaan Building D Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - François Rineau
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology; Hasselt University; Agoralaan Building D Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology; Hasselt University; Agoralaan Building D Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology; Hasselt University; Agoralaan Building D Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Jan V. Colpaert
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology; Hasselt University; Agoralaan Building D Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
| | - Joske Ruytinx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology; Hasselt University; Agoralaan Building D Diepenbeek 3590 Belgium
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Geomicrobiology addresses the roles of microorganisms in geological and geochemical processes, and geomycology is a part of this topic focusing on the fungi. Geoactive roles of fungi include organic and inorganic transformations important in nutrient and element cycling, rock and mineral bioweathering, mycogenic biomineral formation, and metal-fungal interactions. Lichens and mycorrhizas are significant geoactive agents. Organic matter decomposition is important for cycling of major biomass-associated elements, e.g., C, H, N, O, P, and S, as well as all other elements found in lower concentrations. Transformations of metals and minerals are central to geomicrobiology, and fungi affect changes in metal speciation, as well as mediate mineral formation or dissolution. Such mechanisms are components of biogeochemical cycles for metals as well as associated elements in biomass, soil, rocks, and minerals, e.g., S, P, and metalloids. Fungi may have the greatest geochemical influence within the terrestrial environment. However, they are also important in the aquatic environment and are significant components of the deep subsurface, extreme environments, and habitats polluted by xenobiotics, metals, and radionuclides. Applications of geomycology include metal and radionuclide bioleaching, biorecovery, detoxification, bioremediation, and the production of biominerals or metal(loid) elements with catalytic or other properties. Adverse effects include biodeterioration of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g., concrete), cultural heritage, metals, alloys, and related substances and adverse effects on radionuclide mobility and containment. The ubiquity and importance of fungi in the biosphere underline the importance of geomycology as a conceptual framework encompassing the environmental activities of fungi.
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21
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Nadeau MB, P. Khasa D. Edaphic Selection Pressures as Drivers of Contrasting White Spruce Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure and Diversity in the Canadian Boreal Forest of Abitibi-Témiscamingue Region. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166420. [PMID: 27835688 PMCID: PMC5106017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about edaphic selection pressures as drivers of contrasting white spruce ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure and diversity in the Canadian boreal forest. We hypothesized that community composition differs among the four sites sampled-nursery, mining site, forest edge, and natural forest. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community structure and diversity was studied at the four locations with soil fertility gradient through morpho-molecular and phylogenetic analyses in relationships with rhizospheric soil chemical properties. 41 different species were identified. Mining site had a significantly different species composition than the surrounding environments. Soil pH and percentage of roots colonized by ECM fungi increased while soil P, N, Fe, C, K, Mg, Al, Ca, and Na contents declined across the soil fertility gradient: nursery → natural forest → forest edge → mining site. Contrary to the preference of acid soils by ECM fungi, a few ecologically adapted to high pH, poor soil chemical fertility, and low organic matter content colonize white spruce roots on the non-acidogenic mining site, allowing natural regeneration of white spruce seedlings. Other ECM fungi are adapted to high fertigation level of commercial nursery. This study clearly shows the contrasting difference in white spruce ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure and diversity driven by edaphic selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B. Nadeau
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute of Integrative and Systems Biology, and Canadian Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Université Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada, G1V0A6
| | - Damase P. Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute of Integrative and Systems Biology, and Canadian Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Université Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada, G1V0A6
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22
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Lacercat-Didier L, Berthelot C, Foulon J, Errard A, Martino E, Chalot M, Blaudez D. New mutualistic fungal endophytes isolated from poplar roots display high metal tolerance. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:657-71. [PMID: 27113586 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterise metal-tolerant fungi colonising poplar roots at a metal-contaminated phytoremediation site. Poplar roots were colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and endophytic fungi, and the species were determined by ITS molecular analyses. Eight different isolates were successfully isolated into pure culture. Three isolates belonging to the Helotiales (P02, P06) and the Serendipita vermifera species (P04) were highly tolerant to metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu) compared to the mycorrhizal Hebeloma isolates. The three isolates degraded complex carbohydrates, such as xylan and cellulose, indicating that they could partially degrade root cell walls and penetrate into cells. This hypothesis was confirmed by further in vitro re-synthesis experiments, which showed that the three isolates colonised root tissues of poplar plantlets whereas two of them formed microsclerotia-like structures. Taken together, these results suggest an endophytic lifestyle of these isolates. This is the first evidence of S. vermifera as a root endophyte of poplar. A new endophytic putative species belonging to the Helotiales and closely related to Leohumicola is also reported. Interestingly, and when compared to mock-inoculated plants, both P06 and P04 isolates increased the number of root tips of inoculated poplar plantlets in vitro. Moreover, the S. vermifera P04 isolate also increased the shoot biomass. The results are discussed in relation to the potential use of endophytic strains for tree-based phytoremediation of metal-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lacercat-Didier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS/Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Charlotte Berthelot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS/Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Julie Foulon
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, F-25211, Montbéliard, France
| | - Audrey Errard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS/Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Michel Chalot
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, F-25211, Montbéliard, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Damien Blaudez
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360 CNRS/Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, BP 70239, F-54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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23
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Ivanov YV, Kartashov AV, Ivanova AI, Savochkin YV, Kuznetsov VV. Effects of copper deficiency and copper toxicity on organogenesis and some physiological and biochemical responses of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings grown in hydroculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17332-17344. [PMID: 27225009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of 6-week-old seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were studied under deficiency (1.2 nM) and chronic exposure to copper (0.32, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM CuSO4) in hydroculture. The deposit of copper in the seed allowed the seedlings to develop under copper deficiency without visible disruption of growth. The high sensitivity of Scots pine to the toxic effects of copper was shown, which manifested as a significant inhibition of growth and development. The loss of dominance of the main root and a strong inhibition of lateral root development pointed to a lack of adaptive reorganization of the root system architecture under copper excess. A preferential accumulation of copper in the root and a minor translocation in aerial organs confirmed that Scots pine belongs to a group of plants that exclude copper. Selective impairment in the absorption of manganese was discovered, under both deficiency and excess of copper in the nutrient solution, which was independent of the degree of development of the root system. Following 10 μM CuSO4 exposure, the absorption of manganese and iron from the nutrient solution was completely suppressed, and the development of seedlings was secured by the stock of these micronutrients in the seed. The absence of signs of oxidative stress in the seedling organs was shown under deficiency and excess of copper, as evidenced by the steady content of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals. Against this background, no changes in total superoxide dismutase activity in the organs of seedlings were revealed, and the increased content of low-molecular-weight antioxidants was observed in the roots under 1 μM and in the needles under 5 μM CuSO4 exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Ivanov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- , Present address: ul. Botanicheskaya, 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Kartashov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra I Ivanova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury V Savochkin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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24
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Gielen H, Remans T, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Toxicity responses of Cu and Cd: the involvement of miRNAs and the transcription factor SPL7. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:145. [PMID: 27352843 PMCID: PMC4924269 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression playing a role in developmental processes as well as in stress responses, including metal stress responses. Despite the identification of several metal-responsive miRNAs, the regulation and the role of these miRNAs and their targets remain to be explored. In this study, miRNAs involved in the response to Cd and Cu excess in Arabidopsis thaliana are identified. In addition, the involvement of the transcription factor SPL7, namely the key regulator of Cu homeostasis, in these metal stress responses is demonstrated by the use of an spl7 knockout mutant. Furthermore, more insight is given in the Cd-induced Cu deficiency response through determining the effects of adding supplemental Cu to Cd-exposed plants. RESULTS Thirteen miRNAs were identified in response to Cu and Cd excess in A. thaliana. Several of these miRNAs (miR397a, miR398b/c and miR857) were oppositely affected under Cu and Cd exposure. The induced expression of these miRNAs after Cd exposure was totally abolished in the spl7 mutant (SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein like7), indicating a major role for SPL7 in the Cd response. Plants exposed to Cd showed a higher Cu content in the roots, whereas the Cu content in the leaves of the spl7 mutant was reduced. Furthermore, the Cd-induced Cu deficiency response disappeared when supplemental Cu was added. CONCLUSIONS Copper- and Cd-responsive miRNAs were identified and several of them are SPL7-dependently regulated. SPL7 seems to be a shared component between both the Cu toxicity and the Cd toxicity response, yet oppositely regulated, that is inactivated after Cu exposure and activated after Cd exposure. Since SPL7 is the key regulator of Cu homeostasis, and Cd affects the Cu homeostasis, we hypothesize that SPL7 is activated in response to Cd possibly due to a Cd-induced Cu deficiency. Since adding additional Cu to Cd-exposed plants resulted in the disappearance of the Cu deficiency response, Cd possibly provokes Cu deficiency, thereby activating SPL7 and inducing subsequently the Cu deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gielen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, B-3590 Belgium
| | - Tony Remans
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, B-3590 Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, B-3590 Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, B-3590 Belgium
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P. terHorst
- Biology Department California State University, Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge California91330‐8303 USA
| | - Peter C. Zee
- Biology Department California State University, Northridge 18111 Nordhoff Street Northridge California91330‐8303 USA
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26
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Daghino S, Martino E, Perotto S. Model systems to unravel the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in the ericoid mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:263-274. [PMID: 26710764 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ericoid mycorrhizal plants dominate in harsh environments where nutrient-poor, acidic soil conditions result in a higher availability of potentially toxic metals. Although metal-tolerant plant species and ecotypes are known in the Ericaceae, metal tolerance in these plants has been mainly attributed to their association with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. The mechanisms underlying plant protection by the fungal symbiont are poorly understood, whereas some insights have been achieved regarding the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in the fungal symbiont. This review will briefly introduce the general features of heavy metal tolerance in mycorrhizal fungi and will then focus on the use of "omics" approaches and heterologous expression in model organisms to reveal the molecular bases of fungal response to heavy metals. Functional complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has allowed the identification of several ericoid mycorrhizal fungi genes (i.e., antioxidant enzymes, metal transporters, and DNA damage repair proteins) that may contribute to metal tolerance in a metal-tolerant ericoid Oidiodendron maius isolate. Although a powerful system, the use of the yeast complementation assay to study metal tolerance in mycorrhizal symbioses has limitations. Thus, O. maius has been developed as a model system to study heavy metal tolerance mechanisms in mycorrhizal fungi, thanks to its high metal tolerance, easy handling and in vitro mycorrhization, stable genetic transformation, genomics, transcriptomic and proteomic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Daghino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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27
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Venâncio C, Ribeiro R, Soares A, Lopes I. Multiple Stressor Differential Tolerances: Possible Implications at the Population Level. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151847. [PMID: 26990542 PMCID: PMC4798757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The probability of the most sensitive genotypes being eliminated from a population due to a contaminant pulse--genetic erosion--is negatively associated to the within-genotype variation. A sensitive genotype with a small phenotypic variation would be more prone to be lost-a critically sensitive genotype. Furthermore, natural populations inhabiting contaminated sites are usually exposed to several pollutants. Such co- or sequential exposure can have severe effects if at least some tolerant clonal lineages surviving one contaminant are sensitive to the others. Such an inverse relationship coupled with a low within-genotype variation potentially enhances genetic erosion. Accordingly, this study evaluated co-tolerance and the occurrence of clonal lineages critically sensitive to 48-hours lethal exposures of copper, zinc, cobalt, and chromium among eight clonal lineages of the cladocerans Daphnia longispina. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of each metal were found to have the potential to provoke genetic erosion. Pairwise comparisons of LC50, from the eight clonal lineages, revealed neither negative nor positive correlations (r ≤ |0.56|; p ≥ 0.18), but inversely sensitive clonal lineages were found for all pairs of metals. Therefore, besides having the potential to eliminate critically sensitive clonal lineages in a first intermediately lethal pulse, all tested metals may provoke further losses of clonal lineages in an already genetically eroded population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Venâncio
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810–193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- CFE–Centre for Functional Ecology, DepartmentofLifeSciences, Universityof Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000–456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amadeu Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810–193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810–193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Molinier V, Murat C, Peter M, Gollotte A, De la Varga H, Meier B, Egli S, Belfiori B, Paolocci F, Wipf D. SSR-based identification of genetic groups within European populations of Tuber aestivum Vittad. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:99-110. [PMID: 26070448 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuber species are ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes establishing relationships with different host trees and forming hypogeous fruiting bodies known as truffles. Among Tuber species, Tuber aestivum Vittad. has a wide distributional range being found naturally all over Europe. Here, we performed large-scale population genetic analyses in T. aestivum to (i) investigate its genetic diversity at the European scale, (ii) characterize its genetic structure and test for the presence of ecotypes and (iii) shed light into its demographic history. To reach these goals, 230 ascocarps from different populations were genotyped using 15 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. We identified 181 multilocus genotypes and four genetic groups which did not show a clear geographical separation; although, one of them was present exclusively in Southeast France, Italy and Spain. Fixation index values between pairs of genetic groups were generally high and ranged from 0.29 to 0.45. A significant deficit of heterozygosity indicated a population expansion instead of a recent population bottleneck, suggesting that T. aestivum is not endangered in Europe, not even in Mediterranean regions. Our study based on a large-scale population genetic analysis suggests that genetically distinct populations and likely ecotypes within T. aestivum are present. In turn, this study paves the way to future investigations aimed at addressing the biological and/or ecological factors that have concurred in shaping the population genetic structure of this species. Present results should also have implications for the truffle market since defining genetic markers are now possible at least for some specific T. aestivum genetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Molinier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
- UMR Agroécologie INRA, Agrosup, u. Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Cedex, Dijon, France.
| | - Claude Murat
- UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Herminia De la Varga
- UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Université de Lorraine, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Barbara Meier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Belfiori
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-Perugia (CNR-IBBR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-Perugia (CNR-IBBR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniel Wipf
- UMR Agroécologie INRA, Agrosup, u. Bourgogne, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microorganismes ERL 6300 CNRS, BP 86510, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Cedex, Dijon, France
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Chen Y, Nara K, Wen Z, Shi L, Xia Y, Shen Z, Lian C. Growth and photosynthetic responses of ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings exposed to elevated Cu in soils. MYCORRHIZA 2015; 25:561-571. [PMID: 25720735 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is still controversial whether ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelia filter out toxic metals in nutrient absorption of host trees. In this study, pine (Pinus densiflora) seedlings colonized by Cu-sensitive and Cu-tolerant ECM species were exposed to a wide spectrum of soil Cu concentrations to investigate functions of ECM fungi under Cu stress. The photosynthetic rates of intact needles were monitored in situ periodically. The biomass and elements of plants were also measured after harvest. The ameliorating effect of ECM infection on host plants exposed to toxic stress was metal concentration specific. Under lower-level Cu stress, ECM fungi increased seedling performance, while ECM seedlings accumulated more Cu than nonmycorrhizal (NM) seedlings. Under higher-level Cu stress, photosynthesis decreased well before visible symptoms of Cu toxicity appeared. The reduced photosynthesis and biomass in ECM seedlings compared to NM seedlings under higher Cu conditions were also accompanied by lower phosphorus in needles. There was no marked difference between the two fungal species. Our results indicate that the two ECM fungi studied in our system may not have an ability to selectively eliminate Cu in nutrient absorption and may not act as effective barriers that decrease toxic metal uptake into host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Chen
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Zhugui Wen
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liang Shi
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Xia
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan.
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Babu AG, Shea PJ, Oh BT. Trichoderma sp. PDR1-7 promotes Pinus sylvestris reforestation of lead-contaminated mine tailing sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:561-567. [PMID: 24496029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation is critical to stabilize and remediate mine tailing sites, but plant growth is often poor due to toxicity from heavy metal(loid)s (HMs). A non-symbiotic endophytic fungus, Trichoderma sp. PDR1-7, isolated from Pb-contaminated mine tailing soil, exhibited both high tolerance to HMs and desirable plant growth-promoting characteristics. PDR1-7 promoted HM solubilization in mine tailing soil and removed significant amounts of Pb and other HMs from liquid media containing single and multiple metals. Pb removal efficiency increased with initial pH from 4 to 6 and with Pb concentration from 100 to 125 mg L(-1). Inoculating soil with PDR1-7 significantly increased nutrient availability and seedling growth, chlorophyll and protein contents, as well as antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase) activity. A decrease in malondialdehyde indicated less oxidative stress. HM concentrations were much higher in Pinus sylvestris roots when PDR1-7 was present. These observations suggest the utility of Trichoderma sp. PDR1-7 for pine reforestation and phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated mine soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giridhar Babu
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Patrick J Shea
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0817, USA
| | - Byung-Taek Oh
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea.
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Sácký J, Leonhardt T, Borovička J, Gryndler M, Briksí A, Kotrba P. Intracellular sequestration of zinc, cadmium and silver in Hebeloma mesophaeum and characterization of its metallothionein genes. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 67:3-14. [PMID: 24674773 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sequestration of intracellular heavy metals in eukaryotes involves compartmentalization and binding with cytosolic, cysteine-rich metallothionein (MT) peptides. We examined the roles of these processes in handling of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and silver (Ag) in sporocarps and a metal-exposed extraradical mycelium of Hebeloma mesophaeum, the Zn-accumulating ectomycorrhizal (EM) species frequently associated with metal disturbed sites. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that the majority of Zn and Cd in the sporocarps and mycelium was contained in a low molecular mass fraction attributable to compartmentalized metal. The staining of hyphal cells with the Zn-specific Zinquin and Cd-specific Leadmium fluorescent tracers labeled Zn and Cd in small, punctuated vesicles and vacuoles, respectively. By contrast, the sporocarp and mycelium Ag was associated with cysteine-rich, 5-kDa peptides. The peptides of the same size were also identified in minor Zn and Cd complexes from the metal-exposed mycelium. We have further isolated and characterized HmMT1, HmMT2 and HmMT3 genes coding for different 5-kDa MTs of H. mesophaeum collected at a lead smelter site. Heterologous complementation assays in metal-sensitive yeast mutants indicated that HmMTs encode functional, metal-specific peptides: only HmMT1 was able to complement sensitivity to Zn; HmMT1 conferred higher tolerance to Cd and Cu than HmMT2 or HmMT3; and both HmMT2 and HmMT3, but not HmMT1, conferred increased tolerance to Ag. The presence of HmMT1 and HmMT3, but not HmMT2, was also confirmed in a H. mesophaeum isolate from an unpolluted site. Gene expression analysis in the extraradical mycelium of this isolate revealed that the transcription of HmMT1 was preferentially induced in the presence of Zn and Cd, while Ag was a stronger inducer of HmMT3. Altogether, these results improve our understanding of the handling of intracellular Zn, Cd and Ag in Hebeloma and represent the first evidence suggesting involvement of MTs in sequestration of Zn in EM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sácký
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 250 68 Řež 130, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Briksí
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kotrba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ruytinx J, Nguyen H, Van Hees M, Op De Beeck M, Vangronsveld J, Carleer R, Colpaert JV, Adriaensen K. Zinc export results in adaptive zinc tolerance in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Suillus bovinus. Metallomics 2014; 5:1225-33. [PMID: 23715468 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On Zn-polluted soils, populations of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Suillus bovinus exhibit an elevated Zn tolerance when compared to populations on non-polluted sites. To elucidate the mechanism of Zn tolerance, the time-course of Zn uptake was studied in isolates with contrasting Zn tolerance. Unidirectional fluxes and subcellular compartmentation of Zn were investigated through radiotracer flux analyses. Fluorescence imaging was used to support the subcellular Zn compartmentation. After 2 h of exposure to 200 μM Zn, significantly more Zn was accumulated in Zn-sensitive isolates compared to tolerant isolates, despite similar short-term uptake kinetics and similar extracellular Zn sequestration in cell walls. In Zn-sensitive isolates twice as much Zn accumulated in the cytoplasm and 12 times more Zn in the vacuole. (65)Zn efflux analyses revealed a considerably faster Zn export in the Zn-tolerant isolate. The adaptive Zn tolerance in S. bovinus is therefore achieved by a preferential removal of Zn out of the cytoplasm, back into the apoplast, instead of the usual transfer of Zn into the vacuole. Zn exclusion in the fungal symbiont eventually contributes to a lower Zn influx in host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Ruytinx
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology Group, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Crahay C, Wevers J, Munaut F, Colpaert JV, Declerck S. Cryopreservation of ectomycorrhizal fungi has minor effects on root colonization of Pinus sylvestris plantlets and their subsequent nutrient uptake capacity. MYCORRHIZA 2013; 23:463-71. [PMID: 23455883 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi for afforestation, bioremediation, and timber production requires their maintenance over long periods under conditions that preserve their genetic, phenotypic, and physiological stability. Cryopreservation is nowadays considered as the most suitable method to maintain the phenotypic and genetic stability of a large number of filamentous fungi including the ECM fungi. Here, we compared the ability of eight ECM fungal isolates to colonize Pinus sylvestris roots and to transport inorganic phosphate (Pi) and NH4 (+) from the substrate to the plant after cryopreservation for 6 months at -130 °C or after storage at 4 °C. Overall, the mode of preservation had no significant effect on the colonization rates of P. sylvestris, the concentrations of ergosterol in the roots and substrate, and the uptake of Pi and NH4 (+). Comparing the isolates, differences were sometimes observed with one or the other method of preservation. Suillus bovinus exhibited a reduced ability to form mycorrhizas and to take up Pi following cryopreservation, while one Suillus luteus isolate exhibited a decreased ability to take up NH4 (+). Conversely, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria bicolor, Paxillus involutus, and Pisolithus tinctorius exhibited a reduced ability to form mycorrhizas after storage at 4 °C, although this did not result in a reduced uptake of Pi and NH4 (+). Cryopreservation appeared as a reliable method to maintain important phenotypic characteristics (i.e., root colonization and nutrient acquisition) of most of the ECM fungal isolates studied. For 50 % of the ECM fungal isolates, the colonization rate was even higher with the cultures cryopreserved at -130 °C as compared to those stored at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Crahay
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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OmZnT1 and OmFET, two metal transporters from the metal-tolerant strain Zn of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius, confer zinc tolerance in yeast. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 52:53-64. [PMID: 23232015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two full-length cDNAs (OmZnT1 and OmFET) encoding membrane transporters were identified by yeast functional screening in the heavy metal tolerant ericoid mycorrhizal isolate Oidiodendron maius Zn. OmZnT1 belongs to the Zn-Type subfamily of the cation diffusion facilitators, whereas OmFET belongs to the family of iron permeases. Their properties were investigated in yeast by functional complementation of mutants affected in metal uptake and metal tolerance. Heterologous expression of OmZnT1 and OmFET in a Zn-sensitive yeast mutant restored the wild-type phenotype. Additionally, OmZnT1 expression also restored cobalt tolerance in a Co-sensitive mutant. A GFP fusion protein revealed that OmZnT1 was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, a result consistent with a function for OmZnT1 in metal sequestration. Similarly to other iron permeases, OmFET-GFP was localized on the plasma membrane. OmFET restored the growth of uptake-defective strains for iron and zinc. Zinc-sensitive yeast mutants expressing OmFET specifically accumulated magnesium, as compared to cells transformed with the empty vector. We suggest that OmFET may counteract zinc toxicity by increasing entry of magnesium into the cell.
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Huang J, Nara K, Lian C, Zong K, Peng K, Xue S, Shen Z. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) in Pb-Zn mine sites of central south China. MYCORRHIZA 2012; 22:589-602. [PMID: 22421813 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-012-0436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To advance our understanding of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in mining areas, the diversity and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and soil chemistry were investigated in Taolin lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mine tailings (TLT), two fragmented forest patches in a Huayuan Pb-Zn mineland (HY1 and HY2), and a non-polluted forest in Taolin in central south China. Ectomycorrhizal fungal species were identified by morphotyping and sequence analyses of the internally transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA. The two study sites in the Huayuan mineland (HY1 and HY2) were significantly different in soil Pb, Zn, and cadmium (Cd) concentrations, but no significant difference was observed in ectomycorrhizal colonization, ectomycorrhizal fungal richness, diversity, or rank-abundance. In addition, the similarity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities between HY1 and HY2 was quite high (Sørensen similarity index = 0.47). Thus, the concentration of heavy metals may not be determining factors in the structure of these communities. In the tailings, however, significantly lower ectomycorrhizal colonization and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness were observed. The amounts of Pb and Zn in the tailing sand were higher than the non-polluted forest but far lower than in HY1. Thus, these heavy metals did not account for the reduced colonization and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness in TLT. The ectomycorrhizal fungal community in TLT was dominated by four pioneer species (Rhizopogon buenoi, Tomentella ellisii, Inocybe curvipes, and Suillus granulatus), which collectively accounted for 93.2 % of root tip colonization. The immature soil conditions in tailing (low N and P, sand texture, and lack of organic matter) may only allow certain pioneer ectomycorrhizal fungal species to colonize the site. When soil samples from four sites were combined, we found that the occurrences of major ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa were not clearly related to the concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd. In conclusion, our results suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in mining areas are not necessarily affected by heavy metals themselves but could be largely determined by soil maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Porter SS, Rice KJ. TRADE-OFFS, SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, AND THE MAINTENANCE OF MICROBIAL DIVERSITY. Evolution 2012; 67:599-608. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lee EH, Eo JK, Lee CS, Eom AH. Effect of Soil Ameliorators on Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities that Colonize Seedlings of Pinus densiflora in Abandoned Coal Mine Spoils. MYCOBIOLOGY 2012; 40:168-72. [PMID: 23115509 PMCID: PMC3483393 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2012.40.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of soil ameliorators on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities in coal mine spoils was investigated. Organic fertilizers and slaked lime were applied as soil ameliorators in 3 abandoned coal mine spoils. One year after the initial treatment, roots of Pinus densiflora seedlings were collected and the number of ECM species, colonization rate, and species diversity were assessed. The results showed that the soil ameliorators significantly increased ECM colonization on the roots of P. densiflora. The results suggest that soil ameliorators can have a positive effect on ECM fungi in terms of growth of host plants and show the potential use of soil ameliorator treatment for revegetation with ECM-colonized pine seedlings in the coal mine spoils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheonwon 363-791, Korea
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Rapid responses of soil microorganisms improve plant fitness in novel environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:14058-62. [PMID: 22891306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202319109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change is challenging plant and animal populations with novel environmental conditions, including increased atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, warmer temperatures, and altered precipitation regimes. In some cases, contemporary or "rapid" evolution can ameliorate the effects of global change. However, the direction and magnitude of evolutionary responses may be contingent upon interactions with other community members that also are experiencing novel environmental conditions. Here, we examine plant adaptation to drought stress in a multigeneration experiment that manipulated aboveground-belowground feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities. Although drought stress reduced plant growth and accelerated plant phenologies, surprisingly, plant evolutionary responses to drought were relatively weak. In contrast, plant fitness in both drought and nondrought environments was linked strongly to the rapid responses of soil microbial community structure to moisture manipulations. Specifically, plants were most fit when their contemporary environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) matched the historical environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) of their associated microbial community. Together, our findings suggest that, when faced with environmental change, plants may not be limited to "adapt or migrate" strategies; instead, they also may benefit from association with interacting species, especially diverse soil microbial communities, that respond rapidly to environmental change.
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Gadd GM, Rhee YJ, Stephenson K, Wei Z. Geomycology: metals, actinides and biominerals. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 4:270-96. [PMID: 23760792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Geomycology can be simply defined as 'the scientific study of the roles of fungi in processes of fundamental importance to geology' and the biogeochemical importance of fungi is significant in several key areas. These include nutrient and element cycling, rock and mineral transformations, bioweathering, mycogenic biomineral formation and interactions of fungi with clay minerals and metals. Such processes can occur in aquatic and terrestrial habitats, but it is in the terrestrial environment where fungi probably have the greatest geochemical influence. Of special significance are the mutualistic relationships with phototrophic organisms, lichens (algae, cyanobacteria) and mycorrhizas (plants). Central to many geomycological processes are transformations of metals and minerals, and fungi possess a variety of properties that can effect changes in metal speciation, toxicity and mobility, as well as mineral formation or mineral dissolution or deterioration. Some fungal transformations have beneficial applications in environmental biotechnology, e.g. in metal and radionuclide leaching, recovery, detoxification and bioremediation, and in the production or deposition of biominerals or metallic elements with catalytic or other properties. Metal and mineral transformations may also result in adverse effects when these processes result in spoilage and destruction of natural and synthetic materials, rock and mineral-based building materials (e.g. concrete), acid mine drainage and associated metal pollution, biocorrosion of metals, alloys and related substances, and adverse effects on radionuclide speciation, mobility and containment. The ubiquity and importance of fungi in biosphere processes underlines the importance of geomycology as an interdisciplinary subject area within microbiology and mycology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Porter SS, Stanton ML, Rice KJ. Mutualism and adaptive divergence: co-invasion of a heterogeneous grassland by an exotic legume-rhizobium symbiosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27935. [PMID: 22174755 PMCID: PMC3235091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species interactions play a critical role in biological invasions. For example, exotic plant and microbe mutualists can facilitate each other's spread as they co-invade novel ranges. Environmental context may influence the effect of mutualisms on invasions in heterogeneous environments, however these effects are poorly understood. We examined the mutualism between the legume, Medicago polymorpha, and the rhizobium, Ensifer medicae, which have both invaded California grasslands. Many of these invaded grasslands are composed of a patchwork of harsh serpentine and relatively benign non-serpentine soils. We grew legume genotypes collected from serpentine or non-serpentine soil in both types of soil in combination with rhizobium genotypes from serpentine or non-serpentine soils and in the absence of rhizobia. Legumes invested more strongly in the mutualism in the home soil type and trends in fitness suggested that this ecotypic divergence was adaptive. Serpentine legumes had greater allocation to symbiotic root nodules in serpentine soil than did non-serpentine legumes and non-serpentine legumes had greater allocation to nodules in non-serpentine soil than did serpentine legumes. Therefore, this invasive legume has undergone the rapid evolution of divergence for soil-specific investment in the mutualism. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the mutualism was less beneficial for legumes grown on the stressful serpentine soil than on the non-serpentine soil, possibly due to the inhibitory effects of serpentine on the benefits derived from the interaction. The soil-specific ability to allocate to a robust microbial mutualism may be a critical, and previously overlooked, adaptation for plants adapting to heterogeneous environments during invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Porter
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
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Friesen ML, Porter SS, Stark SC, von Wettberg EJ, Sachs JL, Martinez-Romero E. Microbially Mediated Plant Functional Traits. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren L. Friesen
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089;
| | - Stephanie S. Porter
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Scott C. Stark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Eric J. von Wettberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199
- Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden, Coral Gables, Florida 33156
| | - Joel L. Sachs
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Esperanza Martinez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210 Mexico
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Lau JA, Lennon JT. Evolutionary ecology of plant-microbe interactions: soil microbial structure alters selection on plant traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:215-224. [PMID: 21658184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
• Below-ground microbial communities influence plant diversity, plant productivity, and plant community composition. Given these strong ecological effects, are interactions with below-ground microbes also important for understanding natural selection on plant traits? • Here, we manipulated below-ground microbial communities and the soil moisture environment on replicated populations of Brassica rapa to examine how microbial community structure influences selection on plant traits and mediates plant responses to abiotic environmental stress. • In soils with experimentally simplified microbial communities, plants were smaller, had reduced chlorophyll content, produced fewer flowers, and were less fecund when compared with plant populations grown in association with more complex soil microbial communities. Selection on plant growth and phenological traits also was stronger when plants were grown in simplified, less diverse soil microbial communities, and these effects typically were consistent across soil moisture treatments. • Our results suggest that microbial community structure affects patterns of natural selection on plant traits. Thus, the below-ground microbial community can influence evolutionary processes, just as recent studies have demonstrated that microbial diversity can influence plant community and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lau
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University, 3700 East Gull Lake Drive, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 166 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jay T Lennon
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University, 3700 East Gull Lake Drive, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 2215 Biomedical Physical Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ruytinx J, Craciun AR, Verstraelen K, Vangronsveld J, Colpaert JV, Verbruggen N. Transcriptome analysis by cDNA-AFLP of Suillus luteus Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive isolates. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:145-154. [PMID: 20512595 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Suillus luteus (L.:Fr.), a typical pioneer species which associates with young pine trees colonizing disturbed sites, is a common root symbiont found at heavy metal contaminated sites. Three Cd-sensitive and three Cd-tolerant isolates of S. luteus, isolated respectively from non-polluted and a heavy metal-polluted site in Limburg (Belgium), were used for a transcriptomic analysis. We identified differentially expressed genes by cDNA-AFLP analysis. The possible roles of some of the encoded proteins in heavy metal (Cd) accumulation and tolerance are discussed. Despite the high conservation of coding sequences in S. luteus, a large intraspecific variation in the transcript profiles was observed. This variation was as large in Cd-tolerant as in sensitive isolates and may help this pioneer species to adapt to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joske Ruytinx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology Group, Universiteit Hasselt, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Dark Septate Endophytes and Mycorrhizal Fungi of Trees Affected by Pollution. ENDOPHYTES OF FOREST TREES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1599-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Vallino M, Zampieri E, Murat C, Girlanda M, Picarella S, Pitet M, Portis E, Martino E, Perotto S. Specific regions in the Sod1 locus of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius from metal-enriched soils show a different sequence polymorphism. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 75:321-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Jourand P, Ducousso M, Reid R, Majorel C, Richert C, Riss J, Lebrun M. Nickel-tolerant ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus albus ultramafic ecotype isolated from nickel mines in New Caledonia strongly enhance growth of the host plant Eucalyptus globulus at toxic nickel concentrations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 30:1311-1319. [PMID: 20688880 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Pisolithus albus (Cooke & Massee), belonging to the ultramafic ecotype isolated in nickel-rich serpentine soils from New Caledonia (a tropical hotspot of biodiversity) and showing in vitro adaptive nickel tolerance, were inoculated to Eucalyptus globulus Labill used as a Myrtaceae plant-host model to study ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Plants were then exposed to a nickel (Ni) dose-response experiment with increased Ni treatments up to 60 mg kg( - )(1) soil as extractable Ni content in serpentine soils. Results showed that plants inoculated with ultramafic ECM P. albus were able to tolerate high and toxic concentrations of Ni (up to 60 μg g( - )(1)) while uninoculated controls were not. At the highest Ni concentration tested, root growth was more than 20-fold higher and shoot growth more than 30-fold higher in ECM plants compared with control plants. The improved growth in ECM plants was associated with a 2.4-fold reduction in root Ni concentration but a massive 60-fold reduction in transfer of Ni from root to shoots. In vitro, P. albus strains could withstand high Ni concentrations but accumulated very little Ni in its tissue. The lower Ni uptake by mycorrhizal plants could not be explained by increased release of metal-complexing chelates since these were 5- to 12-fold lower in mycorrhizal plants at high Ni concentrations. It is proposed that the fungal sheath covering the plant roots acts as an effective barrier to limit transfer of Ni from soil into the root tissue. The degree of tolerance conferred by the ultramafic P. albus isolates to growth of the host tree species is considerably greater than previously reported for other ECM. The primary mechanisms underlying this improved growth were identified as reduced Ni uptake into the roots and markedly reduced transfer from root to shoot in mycorrhizal plants. The fact that these positive responses were observed at Ni concentrations commonly observed in serpentinic soils suggests that ultramafic ecotypes of P. albus could play an important role in the adaptation of tree species to soils containing high concentrations of heavy metals and aid in strategies for ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jourand
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, 98848 Nouméa cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
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Krznaric E, Wevers JHL, Cloquet C, Vangronsveld J, Vanhaecke F, Colpaert JV. Zn pollution counteracts Cd toxicity in metal-tolerant ectomycorrhizal fungi and their host plant, Pinus sylvestris. Environ Microbiol 2010; 12:2133-41. [PMID: 21966908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive Zn and Cd tolerance have evolved in populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus. When exposed to high concentrations of both metals in vitro, a one-sided antagonism was apparent in the Zn- and Cd-tolerant isolates. Addition of high Zn concentrations restored growth of Cd-stressed isolates, but not vice versa. The antagonistic effect was not detected in a S. luteus isolate from non-contaminated land and in Paxillus involutus. The fungi were inoculated on pine seedlings and subsequently exposed to ecologically relevant Zn and Cd concentrations in single and mixed treatments. The applied doses severely reduced nutrient acquisition of non-mycorrhizal pines and pines inoculated with metal-sensitive S. luteus. Highest translocation of Zn and Cd to shoots occurred in the same plants. Seedlings inoculated with fungi collected from the polluted site reduced metal transfer to their host and maintained nutrient acquisition under high metal exposure. The isolate showing highest tolerance in vitro also offered best protection in symbiosis. The antagonistic effect of high Zn on Cd toxicity was confirmed in the plant experiment. The results indicate that a Zn- and Cd-polluted soil has selected ectomycorrhizal fungi that are able to survive and protect their phytobiont from nutrient starvation and excessive metal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Krznaric
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology Group, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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