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Muniandy S, Teh SJ, Thong KL, Thiha A, Dinshaw IJ, Lai CW, Ibrahim F, Leo BF. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Foodborne Bacterial Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:510-533. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1561243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Muniandy
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Swe Jyan Teh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aung Thiha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ignatius Julian Dinshaw
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Central Unit of Advanced Research Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Priyanka B, Patil RK, Dwarakanath S. A review on detection methods used for foodborne pathogens. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:327-338. [PMID: 28139531 PMCID: PMC5320838 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.198677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have been a cause of a large number of diseases worldwide and more so in developing countries. This has a major economic impact. It is important to contain them, and to do so, early detection is very crucial. Detection and diagnostics relied on culture-based methods to begin with and have developed in the recent past parallel to the developments towards immunological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and molecular biology-based methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aim has always been to find a rapid, sensitive, specific and cost-effective method. Ranging from culturing of microbes to the futuristic biosensor technology, the methods have had this common goal. This review summarizes the recent trends and brings together methods that have been developed over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Priyanka
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangaluru, India
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Tsutsumi R, Ichinohe N, Shimooki O, Obata F, Takahashi K, Inada K, Sasaki M, Sato S, Chida S. Homologous and Heterologous Antibody Responses to Lipopolysaccharide after EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliInfection. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:27-38. [PMID: 14734855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate antibody responses against lipopolysaccharide (LPS: O157, O26, and O111) in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli(EHEC) infection, sera of 24 schoolchildren associated with the Morioka outbreak in 1997 and of 74 sporadic patients suspected of having EHEC infection were examined. Using a positive standard serum, quantitative evaluation of LPS antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established. High levels of specific IgM and IgA antibodies against homologous E. coli LPS were present in the acute period and are characteristic of EHEC. This could be used for the serological diagnosis of EHEC infection, except for early infants and the elderly. In addition to the specific homologous response, multiple antibody responses against different serotypes other than those isolated were demonstrated in many cases by qualitative analysis using Western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, USA.
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Chitko-McKown CG, Chapes SK, Miller LC, Riggs PK, Ortega MT, Green BT, McKown RD. Development and characterization of two porcine monocyte-derived macrophage cell lines. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 3:26-32. [PMID: 23610747 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines CΔ2+ and CΔ2- were developed from monocytes obtained from a 10-month-old, crossbred, female pig. These cells morphologically resembled macrophages, stained positively for α-naphthyl esterase and negatively for peroxidase. The cell lines were bactericidal and highly phagocytic. Both cell lines expressed the porcine cell-surface molecules MHCI, CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD172, and small amounts of CD2; however, only minimal amounts of CD163 were measured. The lines were negative for the mouse marker H2Kk, bovine CD2 control, and secondary antibody control. Additionally, cells tested negative for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2. Therefore, these cells resembled porcine macrophages based on morphology, cell-surface marker phenotype, and function and will be useful tools for studying porcine macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol G Chitko-McKown
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC), Clay Center, NE 68933, United States
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5
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Pohanka M. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies production - preparation of potent biorecognition element. J Appl Biomed 2009. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Cristancho L, Johnson RP, McEwen SA, Gyles CL. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in white veal calves. Vet Microbiol 2007; 126:200-9. [PMID: 17656044 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC O157) and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in feces of white veal calves in an operation in Ontario, to evaluate exposure of the calves to EHEC O157, and to investigate the milk replacer diet and antimicrobial resistance as factors that might influence the prevalence of EHEC O157. Feces from three cohorts of 20-21 calves were collected weekly for 20 weeks and processed for isolation of EHEC O157:H7 and detection of STEC by an ELISA. Exposure to EHEC O157 was also investigated by measuring IgG and IgM antibodies to the O157 lipopolysaccharide (O157 Ab) in sera by ELISA. The prevalences of EHEC O157 were 0.17% of 1151 fecal samples and 3.2% of 62 calves, and for STEC were 68% of 1005 fecal samples and 100% of 62 calves. Seroconversion to active IgG and IgM O157 Ab responses in some calves was not associated with isolation of EHEC O157. The milk replacer contained low levels of antibodies to EHEC antigens and without antimicrobial drugs, it did not inhibit the growth of EHEC O157 in vitro. Two E. coli O157:H7 that were isolated were totally drug sensitive whereas 60 commensal E. coli isolates that were examined were highly resistant. Antibodies in milk replacer that might be protective in vivo, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in the milk replacer may contribute to the low prevalence of EHEC O157 in white veal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristancho
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Bretschneider G, Berberov EM, Moxley RA. Isotype-specific antibody responses against Escherichia coli O157:H7 locus of enterocyte effacement proteins in adult beef cattle following experimental infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 118:229-38. [PMID: 17617472 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen and cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. Cattle are an important reservoir of E. coli O157:H7, in which the organism colonizes the intestinal tract and is shed in the feces. Vaccination of cattle has significant potential as a pre-harvest intervention strategy for E. coli O157:H7; however, basic information about the bovine immune responses to important bacterial colonization factors resulting from infection has not been reported. The serum and fecal IgG and IgA antibody responses of adult cattle to E. coli O157:H7 intimin, translocated intimin receptor (Tir), E. coli-secreted proteins (Esp)A, EspB and O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in response to infection were determined. All animals were seropositive for all five antigens prior to inoculation, with antibody titers to EspB and O157 LPS significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to Tir, intimin and EspA. After inoculation, the cattle became colonized and developed significant increases in their serum antibody titers to intimin, Tir, EspB, EspA and O157 LPS (P<0.05); however, by 42 days post-inoculation the titers to all except EspB were on the decline. In contrast, pre- and post-inoculation fecal IgG and IgA antibodies to these same antigens were not detected (<1:5). These results indicate that cattle respond serologically to E. coli O157:H7 type III secreted proteins, intimin and O157 LPS during the course of infection and the response is correlated with the extent of fecal shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bretschneider
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Fair Street and East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA
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8
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Rapid Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies using the Piezoelectric Immunosensor. SENSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/s7030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoffman MA, Menge C, Casey TA, Laegreid W, Bosworth BT, Dean-Nystrom EA. Bovine immune response to shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:1322-7. [PMID: 17050743 PMCID: PMC1694447 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00205-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although cattle develop humoral immune responses to Shiga-toxigenic (Stx+) Escherichia coli O157:H7, infections often result in long-term shedding of these human pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare humoral and cellular immune responses to Stx+ and Stx- E. coli O157:H7. Three groups of calves were inoculated intrarumenally, twice in a 3-week interval, with different strains of E. coli: a Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx2+ O157), a Shiga toxin-negative E. coli O157:H7 strain (Stx- O157), or a nonpathogenic E. coli strain (control). Fecal shedding of Stx2+ O157 was significantly higher than that of Stx- O157 or the control. Three weeks after the second inoculation, all calves were challenged with Stx2+ O157. Following the challenge, levels of fecal shedding of Stx2+ O157 were similar in all three groups. Both groups inoculated with an O157 strain developed antibodies to O157 LPS. Calves initially inoculated with Stx- O157, but not those inoculated with Stx2+ O157, developed statistically significant lymphoproliferative responses to heat-killed Stx2+ O157. These results provide evidence that infections with STEC can suppress the development of specific cellular immune responses in cattle, a finding that will need to be addressed in designing vaccines against E. coli O157:H7 infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hoffman
- Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research, National Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Schouten JM, Graat EAM, Frankena K, van de Giessen AW, van der Zwaluw WK, de Jong MCM. A longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle of a Dutch dairy farm and in the farm environment. Vet Microbiol 2005; 107:193-204. [PMID: 15863278 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Revised: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
From July 1999 till November 2000, a longitudinal study was conducted on a dairy farm in The Netherlands to study within herd prevalence and types of verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) of serogroup O157 over time, and determine environmental reservoirs and possible transmission routes. Faeces, blood, milk and environmental samples were collected 14 times with intervals varying from 4 to 10 weeks during the study period. Faecal samples were selectively cultured for Escherichia coli O157. Isolates were tested by PCR for the most common virulence genes, VTI, VTII and eae, and typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. In total, 71 isolates were obtained, of which 49 from dairy cows, 8 from young stock, 5 from other animals and 9 from the environment. Positive samples were all detected in summer and early fall. VT- and eae-genes were found in all tested isolates, except in one. DNA typing showed that three clusters of O157 isolates could be identified. One of these clusters contained samples of two shedding seasons, indicating persistence on the farm during winter and spring. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that cows with O157 VTEC infection had higher daily milk production in the period preceding sampling (p = 0.0055). There was no significant association between the results of the LPS-ELISA on serum samples from dairy cows and their O157 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Schouten
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Cornick NA, Booher SL, Casey TA, Moon HW. Persistent colonization of sheep by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other E. coli pathotypes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4926-34. [PMID: 11055945 PMCID: PMC92401 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.11.4926-4934.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2000] [Accepted: 08/29/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important cause of food-borne illness in humans. Ruminants appear to be more frequently colonized by STEC than are other animals, but the reason(s) for this is unknown. We compared the frequency, magnitude, duration, and transmissibility of colonization of sheep by E. coli O157:H7 to that by other pathotypes of E. coli. Young adult sheep were simultaneously inoculated with a cocktail consisting of two strains of E. coli O157:H7, two strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and one strain of enteropathogenic E. coli. Both STEC strains and ETEC 2041 were given at either 10(7) or 10(10) CFU/strain/animal. The other strains were given only at 10(10) CFU/strain. We found no consistent differences among pathotypes in the frequency, magnitude, and transmissibility of colonization. However, the STEC strains tended to persist to 2 weeks and 2 months postinoculation more frequently than did the other pathotypes. The tendency for persistence of the STEC strains was apparent following an inoculation dose of either 10(7) or 10(10) CFU. One of the ETEC strains also persisted when inoculated at 10(10) CFU. However, in contrast to the STEC strains, it did not persist when inoculated at 10(7) CFU. These results support the hypothesis that STEC is better adapted to persist in the alimentary tracts of sheep than are other pathotypes of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Cornick
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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12
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Rivera-Betancourt M, Keen JE. Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O26 and O111. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4124-7. [PMID: 10966439 PMCID: PMC92269 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.9.4124-4127.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2000] [Accepted: 06/16/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F5 reacted with 35 Escherichia coli O26 isolates and cross-reacted with 1 of 365 non-E. coli O26 isolates. MAb 15C4 reacted with 30 E. coli O111 strains and 8 Salmonella O35 strains (possessing identical O antigen) but not with 362 other bacterial strains. Lipopolysaccharide immunoblots confirmed MAb O-antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivera-Betancourt
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
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