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Cardoso KF, de Souza LRA, da Silva Santos BSÁ, de Carvalho KRA, da Silva Messias SG, de Faria Gonçalves AP, Kano FS, Alves PA, da Silva Campos MA, Xavier MP, Garcia CC, Russo RC, Gazzinelli RT, Costa ÉA, da Silva Martins NR, Miyaji EN, de Magalhães Vieira Machado A, Silva Araújo MS. Intranasal influenza-vectored vaccine expressing pneumococcal surface protein A protects against Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:246. [PMID: 39702744 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus (IAV) are significant agents of pneumonia cases and severe respiratory infections globally. Secondary bacterial infections, particularly by Streptococcus pneumoniae, are common in IAV-infected individuals, leading to critical outcomes. Despite reducing mortality, pneumococcal vaccines have high production costs and are serotype specific. The emergence of new circulating serotypes has led to the search for new prevention strategies that provide a broad spectrum of protection. In this context, vaccination using antigens present in all serotypes, such as Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA), can offer broad coverage regardless of serotype. Employing the reverse genetics technique, our research group developed a recombinant influenza A H1N1 virus that expresses PspA (Flu-PspA), through the replacement of neuraminidase by PspA. This virus was evaluated as a bivalent vaccine against infections caused by influenza A and S. pneumoniae in mice. Initially, we evaluated the Flu-PspA virus's ability to infect cells and express PspA in vitro, its capacity to multiply in embryonated chicken eggs, and its safety when inoculated in mice. Subsequently, the protective effect against influenza A and Streptococcus pneumoniae lethal challenge infections in mice was assessed using different immunization protocols. Analysis of the production of antibodies against PspA4 protein and influenza, and the binding capacity of anti-PspA4 antibodies/complement deposition to different strains of S. pneumoniae were also evaluated. Our results demonstrate that the Flu-PspA virus vaccine efficiently induces PspA protein expression in vitro, and that it was able to multiply in embryonated chicken eggs even without exogenous neuraminidase. The Flu-PspA-based bivalent vaccine was demonstrated to be safe, stimulated high titers of anti-PspA and anti-influenza antibodies, and protected mice against homosubtypic and heterosubtypic influenza A and S. pneumoniae challenge. Moreover, an efficient binding of antibodies and complement deposition on the surface of pneumococcal strains ascribes the broad-spectrum vaccine response in vivo. In summary, this innovative approach holds promise for developing a dual-protective vaccine against two major respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Freitas Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Lara Regina Alves de Souza
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sarah Giarola da Silva Messias
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula de Faria Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Flora Satiko Kano
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Imunologia da Malária, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio da Silva Campos
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Pascoal Xavier
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Érica Azevedo Costa
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Márcio Sobreira Silva Araújo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Wang Y, Shi G, Wang X, Xie Z, Gou J, Huang L, Huang H, You W, Wang R, Yang Y, Wang F, Zhu T, Zhao D. Preliminary Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18-49: A Phase Ia Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:827. [PMID: 39203953 PMCID: PMC11358999 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein-based pneumococcal vaccines (PBPVs) may offer expanded protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae and tackle the antimicrobial resistance crisis in pneumococcal infections. This study examined the safety and immunogenicity in healthy adults vaccinated with three doses of a protein-based pneumococcal vaccine containing pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) (PRX1, P3296 and P5668) and in combination with a recombinant detoxified pneumolysin protein (PlyLD). Methods: This phase Ia randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study enrolled healthy adults aged 18-49 years. The participants were randomized into experimental (low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose) and placebo groups in a ratio of 3:1. Three doses of investigational vaccine were given to the participants with an interval of two months. Safety endpoints included the occurrence of total adverse reactions, solicited local and systemic adverse reactions, unsolicited adverse reactions, serious adverse events (SAEs), and several laboratory parameters. Immunogenicity endpoints included geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-PspA (PRX1, P3296 and P5668) and anti-PlyLD antibodies level as determined by ELISA, seropositivity rates of PspA and PlyLD antibodies (>4-fold increase) and neutralization activity of anti-Ply antibody in serum. Results: A total of 118 participants completed the study of three doses. The candidate PBPV was safe and well-tolerated in all experimental groups. No vaccine-related SAEs were observed in this study. Most solicited adverse reactions were mild and transient. The most frequently reported solicited adverse reactions in the medium- and high-dose groups was pain at the injection site, while in the low-dose group it was elevated blood pressure. The immunogenicity data showed a sharp increase in the GMT level of anti-PspA-RX1, anti-PspA-3296, anti-PspA-5668, and anti-PlyLD antibodies in serum. The results also showed that the elicited antibodies were dosage-dependent. The high-dose group showed a higher immune response against PspA-RX1, PspA-3296, PspA-5668, and PlyLD antigens. However, repeat vaccination did not increase the level of anti-PspA antibodies but the level of anti-PlyLD antibody. High seropositivity rates were also observed for anti-PspA-RX1, anti-PspA-3296, anti-PspA-5668, and anti-PlyLD antibodies. In addition, a significant difference in the GMT levels of anti-Ply antibody between the high-, medium-, and low-dose groups post each vaccination were indicated by neutralization activity tests. Conclusions: The PBPV showed a safe and immunogenic profile in this clinical trial. Taking into consideration both safety and immunogenicity data, we propose a single dose of 50 µg (medium dose) of PBPV as the optimum approach in providing expanded protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Gang Shi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Xue Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin 300457, China; (X.W.); (J.G.); (H.H.); (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jinbo Gou
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin 300457, China; (X.W.); (J.G.); (H.H.); (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Lili Huang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Haitao Huang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin 300457, China; (X.W.); (J.G.); (H.H.); (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Wangyang You
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ruijie Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin 300457, China; (X.W.); (J.G.); (H.H.); (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Feiyu Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin 300457, China; (X.W.); (J.G.); (H.H.); (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin 300457, China; (X.W.); (J.G.); (H.H.); (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (L.H.); (W.Y.)
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da Costa Rodrigues T, Zorzete P, Miyaji EN, Gonçalves VM. Novel method for production and purification of untagged pneumococcal surface protein A from clade 1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:281. [PMID: 38570417 PMCID: PMC10990985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause diseases with high mortality and morbidity. The licensed vaccines are based on capsular polysaccharides and induce antibodies with low cross reactivity, leading to restricted coverage of serotypes. For surpassing this limitation, new pneumococcal vaccines are needed for induction of broader protection. One important candidate is the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), which can be classified in 6 clades and 3 families. We have reported an efficient process for production and purification of untagged recombinant PspA from clade 4 (PspA4Pro). We now aim to obtain a highly pure recombinant PspA from clade 1 (PspA1) to be included, together with PspA4Pro, in a vaccine formulation to broaden response against pneumococci. The vector pET28a-pspA1 was constructed and used to transform Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. One clone with high production of PspA1 was selected and adapted to high-density fermentation (HDF) medium. After biomass production in 6 L HDF using a bioreactor, the purification was defined after testing 3 protocols. During the batch bioreactor cultivation, plasmid stability remained above 90% and acetate formation was not detected. The final protein purification process included treatment with a cationic detergent after lysis, anion exchange chromatography, cryoprecipitation, cation exchange chromatography, and multimodal chromatography. The final purification process showed PspA1 purity of 93% with low endotoxin content and an overall recovery above 20%. The novel established process can be easily scaled-up and proved to be efficient to obtain a highly pure untagged PspA1 for inclusion in vaccine formulations. KEY POINTS: • Purification strategy for recombinant PspA1 from Streptococcus pneumoniae • Downstream processing for untagged protein antigens, the case of PspA1 • Purification strategy for PspA variants relies on buried amino acids in their sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasson da Costa Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades Em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Zorzete
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Namie Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades Em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades Em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rodrigues TC, Figueiredo DB, Gonçalves VM, Kaneko K, Saleem IY, Miyaji EN. Liposome-based dry powder vaccine immunization targeting the lungs induces broad protection against pneumococcus. J Control Release 2024; 368:184-198. [PMID: 38395155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen. Currently used conjugate vaccines are effective against invasive disease, but protection is restricted to serotypes included in the formulation, leading to serotype replacement. Furthermore, protection against non-invasive disease is reported to be considerably lower. The development of a serotype-independent vaccine is thus important and Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a promising vaccine candidate. PspA shows some diversity and can be classified in 6 clades and 3 families, with families 1 and 2 being the most frequent in clinical isolates. The ideal vaccine should thus induce protection against the two most common families of PspA. The aim of this work was to develop a liposome-based vaccine containing PspAs from family 1 and 2 and to characterize its immune response. Liposomes (LP) composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol) with or without α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) were produced by microfluidics, encapsulating PspA from clade 1 (PspA1, family 1) and/or clade 4 (PspA4Pro, family 2) followed by spray-drying with trehalose to form nanocomposite microparticles carriers (NCMP). LP/NCMPs showed good stability and preservation of protein activity. LP/NCMPs containing PspA1 and/or PspA4Pro were used for immunization of mice targeting the lungs. High serum IgG antibody titers against both PspA1 and PspA4Pro were detected in animals immunized with LP/NCMPs containing α-GalCer, with a balance of IgG1 and IgG2a titers. IgG in sera from immunized mice bound to pneumococcal strains from different serotypes and expressing different PspA clades, indicating broad recognition. Mucosal IgG and IgA were also detected. Importantly, immunization with LP/NCMPs induced full protection against strains expressing PspAs from family 1 and 2. Furthermore, CD4+ resident memory T cells were detected in the lungs of the immunized animals that survived the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D B Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V M Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Kaneko
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - I Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom.
| | - E N Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Araujo AP, Oliveira MLS, Miyaji EN. Negligible role for pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) in the nasopharyngeal colonization of mice with a serotype 6B pneumococcal strain. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106391. [PMID: 37839762 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the human nasopharynx asymptomatically, but it can also cause several diseases, including otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. The colonization of the nasopharynx by the bacteria is an essential step for the pneumococcus to invade other sites and cause diseases. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and Pneumococcal surface Protein C (PspC) are important virulence factors and have been described to play roles in adhesion and immune evasion. In this study, we immunized mice subcutaneously with the recombinant α-helical region of PspA and/or PspC combined with different adjuvants to assess protection against colonization with the serotype 6B strain BHN418. Though high serum levels of specific IgG were detected, none of the formulations led to reduction in the colonization of the nasopharynx. The negative result may be due to the poor induction of IgG2c, which has been previously correlated with protection against pneumococcal colonization in mice. Furthermore, BHN418 pspA and pspC single and double knockouts were evaluated in colonization experiments and no differences in bacterial load were observed. In competition assays with the wild-type strain, borderline to no reduction was observed in the loads of the knockouts. Our results contrast with data from the literature using other pneumococcal strains, showing that the role of PspA and PspC in colonization can vary depending on the background of the knockout strain studied. BHN418 has been selected for its capacity to colonize humans in experimental challenge studies and may have redundant factors that compensate for the lack of PspA and PspC during nasopharyngeal colonization of mice.
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Yokota C, Fujimoto K, Yamakawa N, Kono M, Miyaoka D, Shimohigoshi M, Uematsu M, Watanabe M, Kamei Y, Sugimoto A, Kawasaki N, Yabuno T, Okamura T, Kuroda E, Hamaguchi S, Sato S, Hotomi M, Akeda Y, Ishii KJ, Yasutomi Y, Sunami K, Uematsu S. Prime-boost-type PspA3 + 2 mucosal vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques from intratracheal challenge with pneumococci. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:55. [PMID: 37964391 PMCID: PMC10647109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vaccination is recommended for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, the frequency of pneumococcal pneumonia is still high worldwide. In fact, no vaccines are effective for all pneumococcal serotypes. Fusion pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown to induce a broad range of cross-reactivity with clinical isolates and afford cross-protection against pneumococcal challenge in mice. Furthermore, we developed prime-boost-type mucosal vaccines that induce both antigen-specific IgG in serum and antigen-specific IgA in targeted mucosal organs in previous studies. We investigated whether our prime-boost-type immunization with a fusion PspA was effective against pneumococcal infection in mice and cynomolgus macaques. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were intramuscularly injected with fusion PspA combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan. Six weeks later, PspA was administered intranasally. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers were measured. Some mice were given intranasal Streptococcus pneumoniae and the severity of infection was analyzed. Macaques were intramuscularly injected with fusion PspA combined with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan at week 0 and week 4. Then, 13 or 41 weeks later, PspA was administered intratracheally. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected and antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers were measured. Some macaques were intranasally administered S. pneumoniae and analyzed for the severity of pneumonia. RESULTS Serum samples from mice and macaques injected with antigens in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and/or curdlan contained antigen-specific IgG. Bronchial samples contained antigen-specific IgA after the fusion PspA boosting. This immunization regimen effectively prevented S. pneumoniae infection. CONCLUSIONS Prime-boost-type immunization with a fusion PspA prevented S. pneumoniae infection in mice and macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Yokota
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Miyaoka
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimohigoshi
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miho Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Kamei
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kawasaki
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takato Yabuno
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okamura
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kuroda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medica Human Resources, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medica Human Resources, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kishiko Sunami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
- Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
- International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
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Kuroda E, Koizumi Y, Piao Z, Nakayama H, Tomono K, Oishi K, Hamaguchi S, Akeda Y. Establishment of a modified opsonophagocytic killing assay for anti-pneumococcal surface protein A antibody. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 212:106804. [PMID: 37543109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium that causes pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) induces antibodies that protect against lethal infections by pneumococci. PspA is a choline-binding protein present on the cell surface of almost all pneumococcal strains and is a non-capsular polysaccharide vaccine candidate. For research and development of PspA-based vaccines, an in-vitro test system to measure the activity of functional antibodies capable of killing pneumococci is essential. The opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) assay is used to evaluate the opsonic activity of functional antibodies induced by capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-based vaccines (standard OPK assay). Despite the potential of anti-PspA antibodies to protect against lethal infections in mice, the standard OPK assay fails to evaluate anti-PspA antibodies. Using a pneumococcal surface protein C-deficient strain and extending the incubation time of opsonized bacteria, complement, and HL-60 cells reportedly results in enhanced bactericidal activity (modified OPK assay). We aimed to measure the bactericidal activity of anti-PspA antibodies in intact pneumococcal strains. We optimized the pneumococcal culture method used in the OPK assay to increase the efficiency of anti-PspA antibody-mediated phagocytosis of HL-60 cells. As thick capsules hinder phagocytosis, we attempted to obtain pneumococci with thin capsules through an improved culture method. As pneumococci attached to cells exhibit thin capsules, pneumococci cultured in Todd Hewitt yeast extract (THY) broth were spread on blood agar plates and incubated for 4 h. cpsA mRNA transcript levels in pneumococci cultured on blood agar were lower than those in pneumococci cultured in THY broth. OPK activity against pneumococci expressing PspA of clades 1-5 was reasonably well detected using pneumococci cultured on blood agar in the modified OPK assay. The modified OPK assay for anti-PspA antibody using pneumococci cultured on blood agar represents a useful assay to determine the killing activity of functional anti-PspA antibodies against pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kuroda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Transformative Infection Control Development Studies, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Koizumi
- Discovery Research Department, Innovative Vaccine Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Piao
- Biotechnology Section, Biomedical Science Center, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakayama
- Discovery Research Department, Innovative Vaccine Research and Development Division, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Transformative Analysis for Human Specimen, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Centre on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Carneiro GB, Castro JT, Davi M, Miyaji EN, Ladant D, Oliveira MLS. Immune responses and protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae elicited by recombinant Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) carrying fragments of pneumococcal surface protein A, PspA. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00570-4. [PMID: 37236818 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common agent of important human diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Current available vaccines that target capsular polysaccharides induce protection against invasive disease and nasopharyngeal colonization in children, yet their efficacy is limited to the serotypes included in the formulations. The virulence factor Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) interacts with host immune system and helps the bacteria to evade phagocytosis. Due to its essential role in virulence, PspA is an important vaccine candidate. Here we have tested a delivery system based on the adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA) to induce immune responses against PspA in mice. CyaA was engineered to express fragments of the N-terminal region of PspAs from clades 2 and 4 (A2 and A4) and the resulting proteins were used in immunization experiments in mice. The recombinant CyaA-A2 and CyaA-A4 proteins were able to induce high levels of anti-PspA antibodies that reacted with pneumococcal strains expressing either PspA2 or PspA4. Moreover, reactivity of the antibodies against pneumococcal strains that express PspAs from clades 3 and 5 (PspA3 and PspA5) was also observed. A formulation containing CyaA-A2 and CyaA-A4 was able to protect mice against invasive pneumococcal challenges with isolates that express PspA2, PspA4 or PspA5. Moreover, a CyaA-A2-A4 fusion protein induced antibodies at similar levels and with similar reactivity as the formulation containing both proteins, and protected mice against the invasive challenge. Our results indicate that CyaA-PspA proteins are good candidates to induce broad protection against pneumococcal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilyne Davi
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Paris, France.
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9
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Benedini LJ, Furlan FF, Figueiredo D, Cabrera-Crespo J, Ribeiro MPA, Campani G, Gonçalves VM, Zangirolami TC. A comprehensive method for modeling and simulating ion exchange chromatography of complex mixtures. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 205:106228. [PMID: 36587709 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many biological-based products have been developed, representing a significant fraction of income in the pharmaceutical market. Ion exchange chromatography is an important downstream step for the purification of target recombinant proteins present in clarified cell extracts, together with many other unknown impurities. This work develops a robust approach to model and simulate the purification of untagged heterologous proteins, so that the improved conditions to carry out an ion exchange chromatography are identified in a rational basis prior to the real purification run itself. Purification of the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA4Pro) was used as a case study. This protein is produced by recombinant Escherichia coli and is a candidate for the manufacture of improved pneumococcal vaccines. The developed method combined experimental and computational procedures. Different anion exchange operating conditions were mapped in order to gather a broad range of representative experimental data. The equilibrium dispersive and the steric mass action equations were used to model and simulate the process. A training strategy to fit the model and separately describe the elution profiles of PspA4Pro and other proteins of the cell extract was applied. Based on the simulation results, a reduced ionic strength was applied for PspA4Pro elution, leading to increases of 14.9% and 11.5% for PspA4Pro recovery and purity, respectively, compared to the original elution profile. These results showed the potential of this method, which could be further applied to improve the performance of ion exchange chromatography in the purification of other target proteins under real process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro J Benedini
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), Catanduva, Brazil.
| | - Felipe F Furlan
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Douglas Figueiredo
- Butantan Institute, Laboratory of Vaccine Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo P A Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gilson Campani
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa C Zangirolami
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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10
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Zane L, Kraschowetz S, Trentini MM, Alves VDS, Araujo SC, Goulart C, Leite LCDC, Gonçalves VM. Peptide linker increased the stability of pneumococcal fusion protein vaccine candidate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1108300. [PMID: 36777254 PMCID: PMC9909212 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen exclusive to humans, responsible for respiratory and systemic diseases. Pneumococcal protein vaccines have been proposed as serotype-independent alternatives to currently used conjugated polysaccharide vaccines, which have presented limitations regarding their coverage. Previously in our group, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and detoxified pneumolysin (PdT) were genetically fused and the hybrid protein protected mice against pneumococcal challenge, offered higher cross-protection against different strains and showed greater opsonophagocytosis rate than co-administered proteins. As juxtaposed fusion was unstable to upscale production of the protein, flexible (PspA-FL-PdT) and rigid (PspA-RL-PdT) molecular linkers were inserted between the antigens to increase stability. This work aimed to produce recombinant fusion proteins, evaluate their stability after linker insertion, both in silico and experimentally, and enable the production of two antigens in a single process. The two constructs with linkers were cloned into Escherichia coli and hybrid proteins were purified using chromatography; purity was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and stability by Western blot and high performance size exclusion chromatography. PspA-FL-PdT showed higher stability at -20°C and 4°C, without additional preservatives. In silico analyses also showed differences regarding stability of the fusion proteins, with molecule without linker presenting disallowed amino acid positions in Ramachandran plot and PspA-FL-PdT showing the best scores, in agreement with experimental results. Mice were immunized with three doses and different amounts of each protein. Both fusion proteins protected all groups of mice against intranasal lethal challenge. The results show the importance of hybrid protein structure on the stability of the products, which is essential for a successful bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Zane
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Kraschowetz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor dos Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Carneiro Araujo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cibelly Goulart
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves,
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11
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Afshari E, Cohan RA, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Mousavi SF. In-silico design and evaluation of an epitope-based serotype-independent promising vaccine candidate for highly cross-reactive regions of pneumococcal surface protein A. J Transl Med 2023; 21:13. [PMID: 36627666 PMCID: PMC9830136 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenicity of pneumococcus with high morbidity, mortality, and multi-drug resistance patterns has been increasing. The limited coverage of the licensed polysaccharide-based vaccines and the replacement of the non-vaccine serotypes are the main reasons for producing a successful serotype-independent vaccine. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an extremely important virulence factor and an interesting candidate for conserved protein-based pneumococcal vaccine classified into two prominent families containing five clades. PspA family-elicited immunity is clade-dependent, and the level of the PspA cross-reactivity is restricted to the same family. METHODS To cover and overcome the clade-dependent immunity of the PspAs in this study, we designed and tested a PspA1-5c+p vaccine candidate composed of the highest immunodominant coverage of B- and T-cell epitope truncated domain of each clade focusing on two cross-reactive B and C regions of the PspAs. The antigenicity, toxicity, physicochemical properties, 3D structure prediction, stability and flexibility of the designed protein using molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, molecular docking of the construct withHLADRB1*(01:01) and human lactoferrin N-lop, and immune simulation were assessed using immunoinformatics tools. In the experimental section, after intraperitoneal immunization of the mice with Alum adjuvanted recombinant PspA1-5c+p, we evaluated the immune response, cross-reactivity, and functionality of the Anti-PspA1-5c+p antibody using ELISA, Opsonophagocytic killing activity, and serum bactericidal assay. RESULTS For the first time, this work suggested a novel PspA-based vaccine candidate using immunoinformatics tools. The designed PspA1-5c+p protein is predicted to be highly antigenic, non-toxic, soluble, stable with low flexibility in MD simulation, and able to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses. The designed protein also could interact strongly with HLADRB1*(01:01) and human lactoferrin N-lop in the docking study. Our immunoinformatics predictions were validated using experimental data. Results showed that the anti-PspA1-5c+p IgG not only had a high titer with strong and same cross-reactivity coverage against all pneumococcal serotypes used but also had high and effective bioactivity for pneumococcal clearance using complement system and phagocytic cells. CONCLUSION Our findings elucidated the potential application of the PspA1-5c+p vaccine candidate as a serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine with a strong cross-reactivity feature. Further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations against other PspA clades should be performed to confirm the full protection of the PspA1-5c+p vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Afshari
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fazlollah Mousavi
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164 Iran
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12
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de Figueiredo DB, Kaneko K, Rodrigues TDC, MacLoughlin R, Miyaji EN, Saleem I, Gonçalves VM. Pneumococcal Surface Protein A-Hybrid Nanoparticles Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge after Mucosal Immunization Targeting the Lungs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061238. [PMID: 35745810 PMCID: PMC9230107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal disease remains a global burden, with current conjugated vaccines offering protection against the common serotype strains. However, there are over 100 serotype strains, and serotype replacement is now being observed, which reduces the effectiveness of the current vaccines. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been investigated as a candidate for new serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines, but requires adjuvants and/or delivery systems to improve protection. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are biocompatible and, besides the antigen, can incorporate mucoadhesive and adjuvant substances such as chitosans, which improve antigen presentation at mucosal surfaces. This work aimed to define the optimal NP formulation to deliver PspA into the lungs and protect mice against lethal challenge. We prepared poly(glycerol-adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone) (PGA-co-PDL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using an emulsion/solvent evaporation method, incorporating chitosan hydrochloride (HCl-CS) or carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-CS) as hybrid NPs with encapsulated or adsorbed PspA. We investigated the physicochemical properties of NPs, together with the PspA integrity and biological activity. Furthermore, their ability to activate dendritic cells in vitro was evaluated, followed by mucosal immunization targeting mouse lungs. PGA-co-PDL/HCl-CS (291 nm) or CM-CS (281 nm) NPs produced smaller sizes compared to PLGA/HCl-CS (310 nm) or CM-CS (299 nm) NPs. Moreover, NPs formulated with HCl-CS possessed a positive charge (PGA-co-PDL +17 mV, PLGA + 13 mV) compared to those formulated with CM-CS (PGA-co-PDL -20 mV, PLGA -40 mV). PspA released from NPs formulated with HCl-CS preserved the integrity and biological activity, but CM-CS affected PspA binding to lactoferrin and antibody recognition. PspA adsorbed in PGA-co-PDL/HCl-CS NPs stimulated CD80+ and CD86+ cells, but this was lower compared to when PspA was encapsulated in PLGA/HCl-CS NPs, which also stimulated CD40+ and MHC II (I-A/I-E)+ cells. Despite no differences in IgG being observed between immunized animals, PGA-co-PDL/HCl-CS/adsorbed-PspA protected 83% of mice after lethal pneumococcal challenge, while 100% of mice immunized with PLGA/HCl-CS/encapsulated-PspA were protected. Therefore, this formulation is a promising vaccine strategy, which has beneficial properties for mucosal immunization and could potentially provide serotype-independent protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Borges de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil;
| | - Kan Kaneko
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Tasson da Costa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen, IDA Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Eliane Namie Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Imran Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (V.M.G.); Tel.: +55-112-6279819 (V.M.G.)
| | - Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (V.M.G.); Tel.: +55-112-6279819 (V.M.G.)
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13
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ClearColi as a platform for untagged pneumococcal surface protein A production: cultivation strategy, bioreactor culture, and purification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1011-1029. [PMID: 35024919 PMCID: PMC8755982 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several studies have searched for new antigens to produce pneumococcal vaccines that are more effective and could provide broader coverage, given the great number of serotypes causing pneumococcal diseases. One of the promising subunit vaccine candidates is untagged recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA4Pro), obtainable in high quantities using recombinant Escherichia coli as a microbial factory. However, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in E. coli cell extracts must be removed, in order to obtain the target protein at the required purity, which makes the downstream process more complex and expensive. Endotoxin-free E. coli strains, which synthesize a nontoxic mutant LPS, may offer a cost-effective alternative way to produce recombinant proteins for application as therapeutics. This paper presents an investigation of PspA4Pro production employing the endotoxin-free recombinant strain ClearColi® BL21(DE3) with different media (defined, auto-induction, and other complex media), temperatures (27, 32, and 37 °C), and inducers. In comparison to conventional E. coli cells in a defined medium, ClearColi presented similar PspA4Pro yields, with lower productivities. Complex medium formulations supplemented with salts favored PspA4Pro yields, titers, and ClearColi growth rates. Induction with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (0.5 mM) and lactose (2.5 g/L) together in a defined medium at 32 °C, which appeared to be a promising cultivation strategy, was reproduced in 5 L bioreactor culture, leading to a yield of 146.0 mg PspA4Pro/g dry cell weight. After purification, the cell extract generated from ClearColi led to 98% purity PspA4Pro, which maintained secondary structure and biological function. ClearColi is a potential host for industrial recombinant protein production. Key points • ClearColi can produce as much PspA4Pro as conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. • 10.5 g PspA4Pro produced in ClearColi bioreactor culture using a defined medium. • Functional PspA4Pro (98% of purity) was obtained in ClearColi bioreactor culture.Graphical abstract ![]() Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11758-9.
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14
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Fusion of parvovirus B19 receptor-binding domain and pneumococcal surface protein A induces protective immunity against parvovirus B19 and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine 2021; 39:5146-5152. [PMID: 34340860 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parvovirus B19 (B19) is a well-known cause of fifth disease in children, but infection during pregnancy may cause hydrops fetalis and stillbirth. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the VP1 unique capsid plays a pivotal role in infection. Here, we aimed to improve the immunogenicity of an RBD-based vaccine by genetically fusing it with Streptococcus pneumoniae surface protein A (PspA). METHODS Mice were intramuscularly injected with RBD-based vaccines. Antigen-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity against B19 were measured. Protective immunity against S. pneumoniae was evaluated by monitoring the survival of mice nasally challenged with bacteria and determining antigen-specific T cell activation in splenic cells. RESULTS RBD alone failed to generate neutralizing antibodies against B19, but fusion with PspA induced higher levels of neutralizing IgG compared to B19 virus-like particles. Furthermore, a comparable level of PspA-specific IgG was induced by RBD-PspA and PspA alone, which was sufficient to protect mice against pneumococcal infection. Stimulation with PspA, but not RBD, induced cytokine production in splenic cells from mice immunized with RBD-PspA, suggesting that PspA-specific T cells supported immunoglobulin class switching of both RBD- and PspA-specific B cells. CONCLUSIONS RBD-PspA should be an effective bivalent vaccine against B19 and S. pneumoniae infections.
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15
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Araujo AP, Colichio GBC, Oliveira MLS, German E, Nikolaou E, Chen T, Adler H, Ferreira DM, Miyaji EN. Serum levels of anti-PspA and anti-PspC IgG decrease with age and do not correlate with susceptibility to experimental human pneumococcal colonization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247056. [PMID: 33577617 PMCID: PMC7880446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease. This work aims to evaluate whether there is any decrease in serum IgG against variants of the antigens Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and Pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) in healthy adults with increasing age. Levels of IgG against PspA and PspC variants were determined by ELISA in serum samples comparing volunteers 18–30 years of age with volunteers who were 50–70+ before and after an experimental pneumococcal colonization challenge. The serotype 6B strain used in the challenge belongs to a minor group of pneumococcal isolates expressing two PspC variants. There was a decrease in levels of IgG with increasing age for the most common PspA variants and for all PspC variants analyzed. No correlation was found between basal levels of IgG against these antigens and protection against colonization. There was an increase in levels of IgG against PspA variants that are more cross-reactive with the variant expressed by the challenge strain post challenge in younger individuals who became colonized. Since the challenge strain used in our study expresses two different PspC variants, an increase in serum IgG against all PspC variants tested was observed in younger individuals who became colonized. For some of the antigen variants tested, a decrease in serum IgG was observed in young volunteers who were challenged but did not become colonized. Serum IgG antibodies against PspA and PspC variants thus decrease with age in healthy adults, but there is no correlation between levels of IgG against these antigens and protection against human experimental colonization. Though no correlation between naturally induced serum IgG antibodies against PspA and PspC and protection against colonization was observed, these results do not rule out the protective potential of these antigens as vaccines against pneumococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Esther German
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Adler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eliane N. Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lan H, Suzuki H, Nagatake T, Hosomi K, Ikegami K, Setou M, Kunisawa J. Impaired mucociliary motility enhances antigen-specific nasal IgA immune responses to a cholera toxin-based nasal vaccine. Int Immunol 2020; 32:559-568. [PMID: 32347929 PMCID: PMC9262165 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal mucosal tissues are equipped with physical barriers, mucus and cilia, on their surface. The mucus layer captures inhaled materials, and the cilia remove the inhaled materials from the epithelial layer by asymmetrical beating. The effect of nasal physical barriers on the vaccine efficacy remains to be investigated. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 1 (Ttll1) is an essential enzyme for appropriate movement of the cilia on respiratory epithelium, and its deficiency (Ttll1-KO) leads to mucus accumulation in the nasal cavity. Here, when mice were intra-nasally immunized with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA, as vaccine antigen) together with cholera toxin (CT, as mucosal adjuvant), Ttll1-KO mice showed higher levels of PspA-specific IgA in the nasal wash and increased numbers of PspA-specific IgA-producing plasma cells in the nasal passages when compared with Ttll1 hetero (He) mice. Mucus removal by N-acetylcysteine did not affect the enhanced immune responses in Ttll1-KO mice versus Ttll1-He mice. Immunohistological and flow cytometry analyses revealed that retention time of PspA in the nasal cavity in Ttll1-KO mice was longer than that in Ttll1-He mice. Consistently, uptake of PspA by dendritic cells was higher in the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of Ttll1-KO mice than that of Ttll1-He mice. These results indicate that the ciliary function of removing vaccine antigen from the NALT epithelial layer is a critical determinant of the efficacy of nasal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Cardoso VM, Campani G, Santos MP, Silva GG, Pires MC, Gonçalves VM, de C. Giordano R, Sargo CR, Horta AC, Zangirolami TC. Cost analysis based on bioreactor cultivation conditions: Production of a soluble recombinant protein using Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 26:e00441. [PMID: 32140446 PMCID: PMC7049567 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cultivation strategy on the cost of recombinant protein production is crucial for defining cost-effective bioreactor operation conditions. This paper presents a methodology to estimate and compare cost impacts related to utilities as well as medium composition, using simple design equations and accessible data. Data from batch bioreactor cultures were used as case study involving the production of pneumococcal surface protein A, a soluble recombinant protein, employing E. coli BL21(DE3). Cultivation strategies and corresponding process costs covered a wide range of operational conditions, including different media, inducers, and temperatures. The core expenses were related to the medium and cooling. When the price of peptone was above the threshold value of US$ 30/kg, defined medium became the best choice. IPTG and temperatures around 32 °C led to shorter cultures and lower PspA4Pro production costs. The procedure offers a simple, accessible theoretical tool to identify cost-effective production strategies using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemir M. Cardoso
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Campani
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maurício P. Santos
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G. Silva
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuella C. Pires
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto de C. Giordano
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia R. Sargo
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio C.L. Horta
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa C. Zangirolami
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Efficacy of a Protein Vaccine and a Conjugate Vaccine Against Co-colonization with Vaccine-type and Non-vaccine Type Pneumococci in Mice. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040278. [PMID: 32290340 PMCID: PMC7238145 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has led to substitution of vaccine-type (VT) strains by non-vaccine type (NVT) strains in nasopharyngeal carriage. We compared the efficacy of PCV13 and a nasal protein formulation containing pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) adjuvanted with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP) in the protection against co-colonization challenge models in mice with VT and NVT strains expressing different PspAs. Immunized mice were challenged with two different mixtures: i. VT4 (PspA3) + NVT33 (PspA1) and ii. VT23F (PspA2) + NVT15B/C (PspA4). Results from the first mixture showed a reduction in loads of VT4 strain in the nasopharynx of mice immunized with PCV13. A statistical difference between the loads of the VT and NVT strains was observed, indicating a competitive advantage for the NVT strain in PCV13-immunized animals. In the second mixture, no reduction was observed for the VT23F strain, probably due to low levels of anti-23F polysaccharide IgG induced by PCV13. Interestingly, a combination of the PspA formulation containing wP with PCV13 led to a reduction in colonization with both strains of the two mixtures tested, similar to the groups immunized nasally with wP or PspA plus wP. These results indicate that a combination of vaccines may be a useful strategy to overcome pneumococcal serotype replacement.
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Development of Next Generation Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines Conferring Broad Protection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010132. [PMID: 32192117 PMCID: PMC7157650 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing pneumonia with over 2 million deaths annually, especially in young children and the elderly. To date, at least 98 different pneumococcal capsular serotypes have been identified. Currently, the vaccines for prevention of S. pneumoniae infections are the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-based vaccine (PPV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13). These vaccines only cover some pneumococcal serotypes and are unable to protect against non-vaccine serotypes and unencapsulated S. pneumoniae. This has led to a rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant non-vaccine serotypes. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and affordable pneumococcal vaccines, which could cover a wide range of serotypes. This review discusses the new approaches to develop effective vaccines with broad serotype coverage as well as recent development of promising pneumococcal vaccines in clinical trials. New vaccine candidates are the inactivated whole-cell vaccine strain (Δpep27ΔcomD mutant) constructed by mutations of specific genes and several protein-based S. pneumoniae vaccines using conserved pneumococcal antigens, such as lipoprotein and surface-exposed protein (PspA). Among the vaccines in Phase 3 clinical trials are the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV-15 (V114) and 20vPnC. The inactivated whole-cell and several protein-based vaccines are either in Phase 1 or 2 trials. Furthermore, the recent progress of nanoparticles that play important roles as delivery systems and adjuvants to improve the performance, as well as the immunogenicity of the nanovaccines, are reviewed.
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Benedini LJ, Figueiredo D, Cabrera-Crespo J, Gonçalves VM, Silva GG, Campani G, Zangirolami TC, Furlan FF. Modeling and simulation of anion exchange chromatography for purification of proteins in complex mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1613:460685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Castro JT, Oliveira GS, Nishigasako MA, Debrie AS, Miyaji EN, Soares-Schanoski A, Akamatsu MA, Locht C, Ho PL, Mielcarek N, Oliveira MLS. Evaluation of inactivated Bordetella pertussis as a delivery system for the immunization of mice with Pneumococcal Surface Antigen A. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228055. [PMID: 31945121 PMCID: PMC6964896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) has been successfully tested as vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Vaccines able to induce PspA-specific antibodies and Th1 cytokines usually provide protection in mice. We have shown that the whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP) or components from acellular pertussis vaccines, such as Pertussis Toxin or Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA), are good adjuvants to PspA, suggesting that combined pertussis-PspA vaccines would be interesting strategies against the two infections. Here, we evaluated the potential of wP as a delivery vector to PspA. Bordetella pertussis strains producing a PspA from clade 4 (PspA4Pro) fused to the N-terminal region of FHA (Fha44) were constructed and inactivated with formaldehyde for the production of wPPspA4Pro. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with wPPspA4Pro induced low levels of anti-PspA4 IgG, even after 3 doses, and did not protect against a lethal pneumococcal challenge. Prime-boost strategies using wPPspA4Pro and PspA4Pro showed that there was no advantage in using the wPPspA4Pro vaccine. Immunization of mice with purified PspA4Pro induced higher levels of antibodies and protection against pneumococcal infection than the prime-boost strategies. Finally, purified Fha44:PspA4Pro induced high levels of anti-PspA4Pro IgG, but no protection, suggesting that the antibodies induced by the fusion protein were not directed to protective epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Castro
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anne-Sophie Debrie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eliane N. Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milena A. Akamatsu
- Seção de Vacinas Aeróbicas, Divisão Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camille Locht
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paulo L. Ho
- Seção de Vacinas Aeróbicas, Divisão Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Mielcarek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 –UMR 8204 –CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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22
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Combined prime-boost immunization with systemic and mucosal pneumococcal vaccines based on Pneumococcal surface protein A to enhance protection against lethal pneumococcal infections. Immunol Res 2019; 67:398-407. [PMID: 31773490 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Limited protective effects of commercially available vaccines necessitate the development of novel pneumococcal vaccines. We recently reported a pneumococcal systemic vaccine containing two proteins, Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA of family 1 and 2) and a bacterium-like particle-based pneumococcal mucosal vaccine containing PspA2 and PspA4 fragments, both eliciting broad protective immune responses. We had previously reported that subcutaneous (s.c.+s.c.+s.c.) immunization with the systemic vaccine induced more pronounced humoral serum IgG responses, while intranasal (i.n.+i.n.+i.n.) immunization with the mucosal vaccine elicited a more pronounced mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) response. We hypothesized that a combinatorial administration of the two vaccines might elicit more pronounced and broader protective immune responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of combinatorial prime-boost immunization using both systemic and mucosal vaccines for a pneumococcal infection. Combinatorial prime-boost immunization (s.c.+i.n. and i.n.+s.c.) induced not only IgG, but also mucosal sIgA production at high levels. Systemic priming and mucosal boosting immunization (s.c.+i.n.) provided markedly better protection than homologous prime-boost immunization (s.c.+s.c.+s.c. and i.n.+i.n.+i.n.). Moreover, it induced more robust Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated immune responses than mucosal priming and systemic boosting immunization (i.n.+s.c.). These results indicate that combinatorial prime-boost immunization potentially induces a robust systemic and mucosal immune response, making it an optimal alternative for maximum protection against lethal pneumococcal infections.
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Akbari E, Negahdari B, Faraji F, Behdani M, Kazemi-Lomedasht F, Habibi-Anbouhi M. Protective responses of an engineered PspA recombinant antigen against Streptococcus pneumoniae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00385. [PMID: 31763198 PMCID: PMC6864353 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two immunogenic antigens based on recombinant PspA proteins were immunized mice. The protective effects of developed anti-PspA antibodies in mice in intranasal and intraperitoneal challenges were proved. Based on the obtained results, immunization with the B-regions of PspA antigens are crucial in protection of challenged mice with S. pneumoniae strains.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen in human respiratory tract which causes significant morbidity and mortality across from the world. Currently available vaccines are not completely effective and cannot cover all pathogenic strains so there is an important need to develop an alternative cost-effective vaccine, based on conserved protein antigens. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is one of interesting candidates for development of a serotype-independent vaccine against pneumococcal infections. PspA is grouped into two major families with five clades, and broad-reacting PspA-based vaccines should contain at least one functional fragment from each of the two families. In this study, we developed two immunogenic antigens based on recombinant PspA proteins that including the different antigenic regions of PspA from both two families. The cross-reactivity of antibodies elicited against two PspA proteins PspAB1-5 and PspA4ABC and their role in complement deposition with three strains of pneumococci were tested. The protective effects of developed anti-PspA antibodies in mice in intranasal and intraperitoneal challenges were evaluated using a strain from clade 2. Sera from immunized mice with PspAB1-5 in comparison with PspA4ABC was able to deposit more C3 complement component on surface of pneumococci bearing diverse PspA from both families 1 and 2, and immunized mice with the PspAB1-5 showed a higher protection than PspA4ABC in pneumococcal challenges. The obtained results from this study indicate that a PspA-based antigen composed of B region from all clades in addition to conserved domains, can provide a significant protection against multiple strains of S. pneumoniae and may overcome the limitation of polysaccharide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Akbari
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Immunization with proline rich region of pneumococcal surface protein A has no role in protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103761. [PMID: 31560974 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is one of the major virulence factors expressed by almost all pneumococcal serotypes and was suggested to be a promising universal vaccine candidate for all pneumococcal sero-groups. Here, we expressed and purified the proline-rich region (PR) of PspA and tested it as a recombinant vaccine against infection caused by a clinical isolate (SP19) of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F. Our results showed that BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant proline-rich (rPR) region showed a significant higher antibody titre against rPR region compared to control non-immunized group. However, immunized mice or mice recived polyclonal antibodies against rPR region challenged via the intra-peritoneal route with a lethal dose of SP19 isolate showed no significant difference in survival compared to control non-immunized group. These results suggested that, immunization of BALB/c mice with rPR region of PspA is not protective against infection caused by serotype 19F in a mouse model.
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25
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Lan H, Hosomi K, Kunisawa J. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin-based protein engineering for the vaccine design and delivery system. Vaccine 2019; 37:6232-6239. [PMID: 31466706 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, with its enterotoxin (CPE) being the major virulence factor. The C-terminus of CPE (C-CPE) is non-toxic and is the part of the toxin that binds to epithelial cells via the claudins in tight junctions; however, C-CPE has low antigenicity. To address this issue, we have used protein engineering technology to augment the antigenicity of C-CPE and have developed a C-CPE-based vaccine against C. perfringens-mediated food poisoning. Moreover, C-CPE has properties that make it potentially useful for the development of vaccines against other bacterial toxins that cause food poisoning. For example, we hypothesized that the ability of C-CPE to bind to claudins could be harnessed to deliver vaccine antigens directly to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and we successfully developed a nasally administered C-CPE-based vaccine delivery system that promotes antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. In addition, our group has revealed the roles that the nasal mucus plays in lowering the efficacy of C-CPE-based nasal vaccines. Here, we review recent advances in the development of C-CPE-based vaccines against the major bacterial toxins that cause food poisoning and discuss our C-CPE-based nasal vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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26
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A hierarchical state estimation and control framework for monitoring and dissolved oxygen regulation in bioprocesses. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1467-1481. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Comparison of four adjuvants revealed the strongest protection against lethal pneumococcal challenge following immunization with PsaA-PspA fusion protein and AS02 as adjuvant. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:215-226. [PMID: 30707297 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcuspneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a major respiratory-tract pathogen that causes high levels of mortality and morbidity in infants and elderly individuals. Despite the development of various capsular polysaccharide vaccines to prevent pneumococcal disease, it remains epidemic. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a highly immunogenic surface protein existing in all strains of S. pneumoniae, and it can elicit immunizing protection against pneumococcal infection. In our previous studies, a fusion protein (PsaA-PspA23), consisting of PspA and pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA), displayed greater immunogenicity and provided better protection in mice against S. pneumoniae strains than either PsaA or PspA. In this study, the fusion protein PsaA-PspA23, together with PspA4, was formulated with four adjuvants Al(OH)3, MF59, AS03, and AS02, and subsequently subjected to dose optimization and immunological evaluation for determination of the antibody titers, bacterial burden, survival rates, and levels of cytokines in mice. All vaccines with high adjuvant doses displayed higher antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers. Bacterial burdens were notably decreased to different extents in the lungs and blood of mice immunized with the antigen and various adjuvants. Among these adjuvants, AS02 provided outstanding protection against challenge with pathogenic bacteria from different families and clades; it also induced high titers of IgG1 and IgG2a. Moreover, only AS02 elicited high levels of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4. These results suggest that PsaA-PspA23 and PspA4 formulated with AS02 may potentially be used as a subunit vaccine against deadly pneumococcal infection.
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28
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Lagousi T, Basdeki P, Routsias J, Spoulou V. Novel Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccines: Assessing the Use of Distinct Protein Fragments Instead of Full-Length Proteins as Vaccine Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7010009. [PMID: 30669439 PMCID: PMC6466302 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-serotype-specific protein-based pneumococcal vaccines have received extensive research focus due to the limitations of polysaccharide-based vaccines. Pneumococcal proteins (PnPs), universally expressed among serotypes, may induce broader immune responses, stimulating humoral and cellular immunity, while being easier to manufacture and less expensive. Such an approach has raised issues mainly associated with sequence/level of expression variability, chemical instability, as well as possible undesirable reactogenicity and autoimmune properties. A step forward employs the identification of highly-conserved antigenic regions within PnPs with the potential to retain the benefits of protein antigens. Besides, their low-cost and stable construction facilitates the combination of several antigenic regions or peptides that may impair different stages of pneumococcal disease offering even wider serotype coverage and more efficient protection. This review discusses the up-to-date progress on PnPs that are currently under clinical evaluation and the challenges for their licensure. Focus is given on the progress on the identification of antigenic regions/peptides within PnPs and their evaluation as vaccine candidates, accessing their potential to overcome the issues associated with full-length protein antigens. Particular mention is given of the use of newer delivery system technologies including conjugation to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and reformulation into nanoparticles to enhance the poor immunogenicity of such antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theano Lagousi
- First Department of Paediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department "MAKKA," Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Paraskevi Basdeki
- First Department of Paediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department "MAKKA," Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - John Routsias
- Department of Microbiology, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vana Spoulou
- First Department of Paediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department "MAKKA," Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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29
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Lu J, Guo J, Wang D, Yu J, Gu T, Jiang C, Kong W, Wu Y. Broad protective immune responses elicited by bacterium-like particle-based intranasal pneumococcal particle vaccine displaying PspA2 and PspA4 fragments. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:371-380. [PMID: 30235046 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1526556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infectious pathogen mainly infecting host bodies through the respiratory system. An effective pneumococcal vaccine would be targeted to the mucosa and provide not only protection against invasive infection but also against colonization in the respiratory system. In the present work, we applied bacterium-like particles (BLPs) as an adjuvant for the development of a PspA mucosal vaccine, in which the PspA protein was displayed on the surface of BLPs. Intranasal immunization with the PspA-BLP pneumococcal vaccine, comprised of PspA2 from pneumococcal family 1 and PspA4 from pneumococcal family 2, not only induced a high level of serum IgG antibodies but also a high level of mucosal SIgA antibodies. Analysis of binding of serum antibodies to intact bacteria showed a broad coverage of binding to pneumococcal strains expressing PspA from clade 1 to 5. Immunization with the PspA-BLP vaccine conferred protection against fatal intranasal challenge with both PspA family 1 and family 2 pneumococcal strains regardless of serotype. Therefore, the PspA-BLP pneumococcal vaccine was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for mucosal immunization to enhance both systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcai Lu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China.,b R&D center , Changchun BCHT Biotechnology co , Changchun , China
| | - Jieshi Guo
- c Department of Neonatology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Dandan Wang
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Jinfei Yu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Tiejun Gu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wei Kong
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yongge Wu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun , China
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30
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A pneumococcal vaccine combination with two proteins containing PspA families 1 and 2 can potentially protect against a wide range of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Immunol Res 2018; 66:528-536. [PMID: 30128745 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Aung MS, Morimoto S, Ito M, Kudo K, Kobayashi N. Genetic diversity of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) in paediatric isolates of non-conjugate vaccine serotypes in Japan. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1130-1138. [PMID: 29927374 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the pneumococcal proteins, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is considered the most promising candidate for a serotype-independent vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the serotype, genetic diversity of PspA, lineage (genotype) and drug resistance traits of pneumococcal isolates from paediatric patients. METHODOLOGY A total of 678 non-invasive pneumococcal isolates obtained from June to November 2016 were analysed. All isolates were characterized for PspA families, serotypes and macrolide resistance genes. Seventy-one representative isolates of non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs) were genetically analysed for the clade-defining region (CDR) of PspA, as well as multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS The detection rate of NVTs was 87.9 % (n=596), including dominant NVTs 15A (14.5 %, n=98), 35B (11.8 %, n=80), 15C (9.3 %, n=63) and 23A (9.0 %, n=61). Most isolates (96.6 %) possessed macrolide resistance genes erm(B) and/or mef(A/E). PspA families 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 42.3, 56.6 and 0.6 % of isolates, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of CDR showed high identity (90-100 %) within the same PspA clade, although the CDR identity among different PspA families ranged from 53 to 69 %. All isolates of NVTs 23A, 10A, 34, 24, 22F/22A, 33F, 23B and 38 were from PspA family 1, while NVTs 35B, 15C, 15B and 11A/11D isolates were from family 2. In contrast, genetically distinct PspAs were found in NVTs 6C and 15A. PspA family 3/clade 6 was detected in only NVT serotype 37 isolates assigned to ST447 and ST7970, showing the mucoid phenotype. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the predominance of PspA families 1 and 2 in NVTs, and the presence of family 3 in serotype 37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeo Morimoto
- 2Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- 2Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- 2Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Comparison of Immunogenicity and Protection of Two Pneumococcal Protein Vaccines Based on PsaA and PspA. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00916-17. [PMID: 29610257 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00916-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of invasive pneumococcal disease, septicemia, and meningitis that can result in high morbidity rates in children under 5 years old. The current polysaccharide-based vaccines can provide type-specific immunity, but a broad-spectrum vaccine would provide greater coverage. Therefore, developing pneumococcal-protein-based vaccines that can extend to more serum types is highly important. In this study, we vaccinated mice via the subcutaneous (s.c.) route with a systemic vaccine that is a mixture of fusion protein PsaA-PspA23 and a single protein, PspA4, with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. As a comparison, mice were immunized intranasally with a mucosal vaccine that is a mixture of PspA2-PA-BLP (where PA is protein anchor and BLP is bacterium-like particle) and PspA4-PA-BLP, via the intranasal (i.n.) route. The two immunization processes were followed by challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria from two different PspA families. Specific IgG titers in the serum and specific IgA titers in the mucosa were determined following immunizations. Bacterial loads and survival rates after challenge were compared. Both the systemic vaccine and the mucosal vaccine induced a significant increase of IgG against PspAs. Only the mucosal vaccine also induced specific IgA in the mucosa. The two vaccines provided protection, but each vaccine showed an advantage. The systemic vaccine induced higher levels of serum antibodies, whereas the mucosal vaccine limited the bacterial load in the lung and blood. Therefore, coimmunizations with the two types of vaccines may be implemented in the future.
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Molecular Characterization of Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA), Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Pakistan. Infect Dis Ther 2018. [PMID: 29524198 PMCID: PMC5986679 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-018-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pakistan has one of the highest burdens of pneumococcal diseases in the world, but unfortunately studies in this demanding research area are limited in the region. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is the next generation pneumococcal vaccine candidate as the protein locates on the Streptococcus pneumoniae surface. Its gene, pspA, might be encoded by all pneumococci, and the protein has proven immunogenicity. The molecular characterization of PspA, pneumococcal serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility are important for regional diversity studies. METHODS In this study, we examined 38 pneumococcal isolates from pneumococcal diseased (pneumonia/meningitis) patients blood or cerebrospinal fluid. There were no specific inclusion or exclusion criteria, but all the individuals [ages 1 month to 12 years (male/female)] had undergone no antibiotic treatment in at least the past 3 months and had no vaccination history. We investigated the serotype distribution, antibiotic susceptibility, prevalence of the PspA family and its active domain's fusion, expression and antigenicity. RESULTS Our finding shows that serotype 19F is the most prevalent (23.6%) followed by 18B (15.78%) (non-vaccine type) in all isolated pneumococcal strains. All strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol and linezolid, while 80% were resistant to gentamycin. Genotyping revealed that ~ 80% (N = 31/38) of pneumococcal strains produce PspA belonging to family 2 and clade 3. We further selected three active domains of PspA (family 2 and clade 3) by in silico analysis, merged together into a fusion gene for expression study, and its antigenicity was analyzed by Western blotting. CONCLUSION Serotypes 19F and 18B (non-vaccine type) are the most prevalent in the Pakistani pneumococcal isolates. The PspA family 2 proteins produced by Pakistani pneumococcal isolates have high sequence homologies with each other and differ from those produced by strains isolated in the rest of the world. The PspA fusion peptide had a proven antigenic response in western blotting, with no considerable correlation among pneumococcal serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility and PspA family/clade distribution.
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Rodrigues TC, Oliveira MLS, Soares-Schanoski A, Chavez-Rico SL, Figueiredo DB, Gonçalves VM, Ferreira DM, Kunda NK, Saleem IY, Miyaji EN. Mucosal immunization with PspA (Pneumococcal surface protein A)-adsorbed nanoparticles targeting the lungs for protection against pneumococcal infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191692. [PMID: 29360883 PMCID: PMC5779684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burden of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae remains high despite the availability of conjugate vaccines. Mucosal immunization targeting the lungs is an attractive alternative for the induction of local immune responses to improve protection against pneumonia. Our group had previously described the development of poly(glycerol adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone) (PGA-co-PDL) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) adsorbed with Pneumococcal surface protein A from clade 4 (PspA4Pro) within L-leucine microcarriers (nanocomposite microparticles—NCMPs) for mucosal delivery targeting the lungs (NP/NCMP PspA4Pro). NP/NCMP PspA4Pro was now used for immunization of mice. Inoculation of this formulation induced anti-PspA4Pro IgG antibodies in serum and lungs. Analysis of binding of serum IgG to intact bacteria showed efficient binding to bacteria expressing PspA from clades 3, 4 and 5 (family 2), but no binding to bacteria expressing PspA from clades 1 and 2 (family 1) was observed. Both mucosal immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro and subcutaneous injection of the protein elicited partial protection against intranasal lethal pneumococcal challenge with a serotype 3 strain expressing PspA from clade 5 (PspA5). Although similar survival levels were observed for mucosal immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro and subcutaneous immunization with purified protein, NP/NCMP PspA4Pro induced earlier control of the infection. Conversely, neither immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro nor subcutaneous immunization with purified protein reduced bacterial burden in the lungs after challenge with a serotype 19F strain expressing PspA from clade 1 (PspA1). Mucosal immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro targeting the lungs is thus able to induce local and systemic antibodies, conferring protection only against a strain expressing PspA from the homologous family 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Douglas B. Figueiredo
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Respiratory Infection Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nitesh K. Kunda
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Y. Saleem
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eliane N. Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Th17-Mediated Cross Protection against Pneumococcal Carriage by Vaccination with a Variable Antigen. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00281-17. [PMID: 28717032 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00281-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotype-specific protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important limitation of the current polysaccharide-based vaccines. To prevent serotype replacement, reduce transmission, and limit the emergence of new variants, it is essential to induce broad protection and restrict pneumococcal colonization. In this study, we used a prototype vaccine formulation consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-detoxified outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium displaying the variable N terminus of PspA (α1α2) for intranasal vaccination, which induced strong Th17 immunity associated with a substantial reduction of pneumococcal colonization. Despite the variable nature of this protein, a common major histocompatibility complex class (MHC-II) epitope was identified, based on in silico prediction combined with ex vivo screening, and was essential for interleukin-17 A (IL-17A)-mediated cross-reactivity and associated with cross protection. Based on 1,352 PspA sequences derived from a pneumococcal carriage cohort, this OMV-based vaccine formulation containing a single α1α2 type was estimated to cover 19.1% of strains, illustrating the potential of Th17-mediated cross protection.
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Conjugation of PspA4Pro with Capsular Streptococcus pneumoniae Polysaccharide Serotype 14 Does Not Reduce the Induction of Cross-Reactive Antibodies. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017. [PMID: 28637805 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00118-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current pneumococcal vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharides as antigens, plain or conjugated to carrier proteins. While efficacious against vaccine serotypes, epidemiologic data show an increasing incidence of infections caused by nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae The use of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) as a carrier protein in a conjugate vaccine could help prevent serotype replacement by increasing vaccine coverage and reducing selective pressure of S. pneumoniae serotypes. PspA is present in all pneumococcal strains, is highly immunogenic, and is known to induce protective antibodies. Based on its sequence, PspA has been classified into three families and six clades. A PspA fragment derived from family 2, clade 4 (PspA4Pro), was shown to generate antibodies with a broad range of cross-reactivity, across clades and families. Here, PspA4Pro was modified and conjugated to capsular polysaccharide serotype 14 (PS14). We investigated the impact of conjugation on the immune response induced to PspA4Pro and PS14. Mice immunized with the PS14-mPspA4Pro conjugate produced higher titers of anti-PS14 antibodies than the animals that received coadministered antigens. The conjugate induced antibodies with opsonophagocytic activity against PS14-carrying strains, as well as against a panel of strains bearing PspAs from five clades (encompassing families 1 and 2) bearing a non-PS14 serotype. Furthermore, mice immunized with PS14-mPspA4Pro were protected against nasal colonization with a nonrelated S. pneumoniae strain bearing PspA from clade 1, serotype 6B. These results demonstrate that the cross-reactivity mediated by PspA4Pro is retained following conjugation, supporting the use of PspA4 as a carrier protein in order to enhance pneumococcal vaccine coverage and encourage its further investigation as a candidate in future vaccine designs.
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Converso T, Goulart C, Rodriguez D, Darrieux M, Leite L. Rational selection of broadly cross-reactive family 2 PspA molecules for inclusion in chimeric pneumococcal vaccines. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:233-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Recombinant Escherichia coli cultivation in a pressurized airlift bioreactor: assessment of the influence of temperature on oxygen transfer and uptake rates. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1621-1633. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Khan N, Jan AT. Towards Identifying Protective B-Cell Epitopes: The PspA Story. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:742. [PMID: 28512452 PMCID: PMC5411445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is one of the most abundant cell surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae). PspA variants are structurally and serologically diverse and help evade complement-mediated phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae, which is essential for its survival in the host. PspA is currently been screened for employment in the generation of more effective (serotype independent) vaccine to overcome the limitations of polysaccharide based vaccines, providing serotype specific immune responses. The cross-protection eliciting regions of PspA localize to the α-helical and proline rich regions. Recent data indicate significant variation in the ability of antibodies induced against the recombinant PspA variants to recognize distinct S. pneumoniae strains. Hence, screening for the identification of the topographical repertoire of B-cell epitopes that elicit cross-protective immune response seems essential in the engineering of a superior PspA-based vaccine. Herein, we revisit epitope identification in PspA and the utility of hybridoma technology in directing the identification of protective epitope regions of PspA that can be used in vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Khan
- Glycobiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPG)Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arif T Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
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40
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Andre GO, Converso TR, Politano WR, Ferraz LFC, Ribeiro ML, Leite LCC, Darrieux M. Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae Proteins in Evasion of Complement-Mediated Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:224. [PMID: 28265264 PMCID: PMC5316553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a central role in immune defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to evade complement attack, pneumococci have evolved a number of mechanisms that limit complement mediated opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis. This review focuses on the strategies employed by pneumococci to circumvent complement mediated immunity, both in vitro and in vivo. At last, since many of the proteins involved in interactions with complement components are vaccine candidates in different stages of validation, we explore the use of these antigens alone or in combination, as potential vaccine approaches that aim at elimination or drastic reduction in the ability of this bacterium to evade complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greiciely O Andre
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Converso
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter R Politano
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Lucio F C Ferraz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Protection Elicited by Nasal Immunization with Recombinant Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (rPspA) Adjuvanted with Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine (wP) against Co-Colonization of Mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170157. [PMID: 28103277 PMCID: PMC5245875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising alternative vaccine candidate to reduce the burden of pneumococcal diseases is the protein antigen PspA (Pneumococcal surface protein A). Since concomitant colonization with two or more pneumococcal strains is very common in children, we aimed to determine if immunization with PspA would be able to control co-colonization. We evaluated nasal immunization with recombinant PspA (rPspA) in a model of co-colonization with two strains expressing different PspAs. Mice were immunized intranasally with rPspAs from clades 1 to 4 (rPspA1, rPspA2, rPspA3 or rPspA4) using whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP) as adjuvant. Mice were then challenged with a mixture of two serotype 6B isolates St491/00 (PspA1) and St472/96 (PspA4). Immunization with rPspA1+wP and rPspA4+wP reduced colonization with both strains and the mixture of rPspA1+rPspA4+wP induced greater reduction than a single antigen. Immunization rPspA1+rPspA4+wP also reduced colonization when challenge experiments were performed with a mixture of isolates of serotypes 6B (PspA3) and 23F (PspA2). Furthermore, none of the tested formulations led to a pronounced increase in colonization of one isolate over the other, showing that the vaccine strategy would not favor replacement. Interestingly, the adjuvant wP by itself already led to some reduction in pneumococcal colonization, indicating the induction of non-specific immune responses. Anti-rPspA IgG was observed in serum, nasal wash (NW) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, whereas animals inoculated with formulations containing the adjuvant wP (with or without rPspA) showed higher levels of IL-6 and KC in NW and increase in tissue macrophages, B cells and CD4+T cells in BALF.
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42
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Figueiredo DB, Carvalho E, Santos MP, Kraschowetz S, Zanardo RT, Campani G, Silva GG, Sargo CR, Horta ACL, de C Giordano R, Miyaji EN, Zangirolami TC, Cabrera-Crespo J, Gonçalves VM. Production and purification of an untagged recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA4Pro) with high-purity and low endotoxin content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2305-2317. [PMID: 27889801 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and other conditions that kill thousands of children every year worldwide. The replacement of pneumococcal serotypes among the vaccinated population has evidenced the need for new vaccines with broader coverage and driven the research for protein-based vaccines. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) protects S. pneumoniae from the bactericidal effect of human apolactoferrin and prevents complement deposition. Several studies indicate that PspA is a very promising target for novel vaccine formulations. Here we describe a production and purification process for an untagged recombinant fragment of PspA from clade 4 (PspA4Pro), which has been shown to be cross-reactive with several PspA variants. PspA4Pro was obtained using lactose as inducer in Phytone auto-induction batch or glycerol limited fed-batch in 5-L bioreactor. The purification process includes two novel steps: (i) clarification using a cationic detergent to precipitate contaminant proteins, nucleic acids, and other negatively charged molecules as the lipopolysaccharide, which is the major endotoxin; and (ii) cryoprecipitation that eliminates aggregates and contaminants, which precipitate at -20 °C and pH 4.0, leaving PspA4Pro in the supernatant. The final process consisted of cell rupture in a continuous high-pressure homogenizer, clarification, anion exchange chromatography, cryoprecipitation, and cation exchange chromatography. This process avoided costly tag removal steps and recovered 35.3 ± 2.5% of PspA4Pro with 97.8 ± 0.36% purity and reduced endotoxin concentration by >99.9%. Circular dichroism and lactoferrin binding assay showed that PspA4Pro secondary structure and biological activity were preserved after purification and remained stable in a wide range of temperatures and pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Figueiredo
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Edifício ICB-III, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Eneas Carvalho
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Kraschowetz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Edifício ICB-III, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela T Zanardo
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, Edifício ICB-III, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Campani
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Cíntia R Sargo
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos L Horta
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Roberto de C Giordano
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Eliane N Miyaji
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Teresa C Zangirolami
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Joaquin Cabrera-Crespo
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
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Kristian SA, Ota T, Bubeck SS, Cho R, Groff BC, Kubota T, Destito G, Laudenslager J, Koriazova L, Tahara T, Kanda Y. Generation and Improvement of Effector Function of a Novel Broadly Reactive and Protective Monoclonal Antibody against Pneumococcal Surface Protein A of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154616. [PMID: 27171010 PMCID: PMC4865217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A proof-of-concept study evaluating the potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) as a passive immunization target was conducted. We describe the generation and isolation of several broadly reactive mouse anti-PspA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). MAb 140H1 displayed (i) 98% strain coverage, (ii) activity in complement deposition and opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) assays, which are thought to predict the in vivo efficacy of anti-pneumococcal mAbs, (iii) efficacy in mouse sepsis models both alone and in combination with standard-of-care antibiotics, and (iv) therapeutic activity in a mouse pneumonia model. Moreover, we demonstrate that antibody engineering can significantly enhance anti-PspA mAb effector function. We believe that PspA has promising potential as a target for the therapy of invasive pneumococcal disease by mAbs, which could be used alone or in conjunction with standard-of-care antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha A. Kristian
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Takayuki Ota
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., R&D Division, 1-6-1, Ōtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100–8185, Japan
| | - Sarah S. Bubeck
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca Cho
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Groff
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Tsuguo Kubota
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., R&D Division, 1-6-1, Ōtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100–8185, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Destito
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - John Laudenslager
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Lilia Koriazova
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Inc., 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Tomoyuki Tahara
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., R&D Division, 1-6-1, Ōtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100–8185, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kanda
- Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., R&D Division, 1-6-1, Ōtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100–8185, Japan
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Kunda NK, Alfagih IM, Miyaji EN, Figueiredo DB, Gonçalves VM, Ferreira DM, Dennison SR, Somavarapu S, Hutcheon GA, Saleem IY. Pulmonary dry powder vaccine of pneumococcal antigen loaded nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:903-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Combined effects of lactoferrin and lysozyme on Streptococcus pneumoniae killing. Microb Pathog 2015; 89:7-17. [PMID: 26298002 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common colonizer of the human nasopharynx, which can occasionally spread to sterile sites, causing diseases such as otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia. Human apolactoferrin (ALF) and lysozyme (LZ) are two important components of the mucosal innate immune system, exhibiting lytic effects against a wide range of microorganisms. Since they are found in similar niches of the host, it has been proposed that ALF and LZ could act synergistically in controlling bacterial spread throughout the mucosa. The combination of ALF and LZ has been shown to enhance killing of different pathogens in vitro, with ALF facilitating the latter action of LZ. The aim of the present work was to investigate the combined effects of ALF and LZ on S pneumoniae. Concomitant addition of ALF and LZ had a synergistic killing effect on one of the pneumococci tested. Furthermore, the combination of ALF and ALZ was more bactericidal than lysozyme alone in all pneumococcal strains. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), an important vaccine candidate, partially protects pneumococci from ALF mediated killing, while antibodies against one PspA enhance killing of the homologous strain by ALF. However, the serological variability of this molecule could limit the effect of anti-PspA antibodies on different pneumococci. Therefore, we investigated the ability of anti-PspA antibodies to increase ALF-mediated killing of strains that express different PspAs, and found that antisera to the N-terminal region of PspA were able to increase pneumococcal lysis by ALF, independently of the sequence similarities between the molecule expressed on the bacterial surface and that used to produce the antibodies. LF binding to the pneumococcal surface was confirmed by flow cytometry, and found to be inhibited in presence of anti-PspA antibodies. On a whole, the results suggest a contribution of ALF and LZ to pneumococcal clearance, and confirm PspA's ability to interact with ALF.
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Lu J, Sun T, Wang D, Dong Y, Xu M, Hou H, Kong FT, Liang C, Gu T, Chen P, Sun S, Lv X, Jiang C, Kong W, Wu Y. Protective Immune Responses Elicited by Fusion Protein Containing PsaA and PspA Fragments. Immunol Invest 2015; 44:482-96. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1037956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Suzuki H, Watari A, Hashimoto E, Yonemitsu M, Kiyono H, Yagi K, Kondoh M, Kunisawa J. C-Terminal Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin-Mediated Antigen Delivery for Nasal Pneumococcal Vaccine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126352. [PMID: 26018248 PMCID: PMC4446347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient vaccine delivery to mucosal tissues including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues is essential for the development of mucosal vaccine. We previously reported that claudin-4 was highly expressed on the epithelium of nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and thus claudin-4-targeting using C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) effectively delivered fused antigen to NALT and consequently induced antigen-specific immune responses. In this study, we applied the C-CPE-based vaccine delivery system to develop a nasal pneumococcal vaccine. We fused C-CPE with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), an important antigen for the induction of protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, (PspA-C-CPE). PspA-C-CPE binds to claudin-4 and thus efficiently attaches to NALT epithelium, including antigen-sampling M cells. Nasal immunization with PspA-C-CPE induced PspA-specific IgG in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as IgA in the nasal wash and BALF. These immune responses were sufficient to protect against pneumococcal infection. These results suggest that C-CPE is an efficient vaccine delivery system for the development of nasal vaccines against pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watari
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Eri Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan
| | - Miki Yonemitsu
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
- * E-mail: (JK); (MK)
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567–0085, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108–8639, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650–0017, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
- * E-mail: (JK); (MK)
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Evaluation of a vaccine formulation against Streptococcus pneumoniae based on choline-binding proteins. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 22:213-20. [PMID: 25520146 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00692-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae has proteins that are attached to its surface by binding to phosphorylcholine of teichoic and lipoteichoic acids. These proteins are known as choline-binding proteins (CBPs). CBPs are an interesting alternative for the development of a cost-effective vaccine, and PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) is believed to be the most important protective component among the different CBPs. We sought to use CBPs eluted from pneumococci as an experimental vaccine. Since PspA shows variability between isolates, we constructed strains producing different PspAs. We used the nonencapsulated Rx1 strain, which produces PspA from clade 2 (PspA2), to generate a pspA-knockout strain (Rx1 ΔpspA) and strains expressing PspA from clade 1 (Rx1 pspA1) and clade 4 (Rx1 pspA4). We grew Rx1, Rx1 ΔpspA, Rx1 pspA1, and Rx1 pspA4 in Todd-Hewitt medium containing 0.5% yeast extract and washed cells in 2% choline chloride (CC). SDS-PAGE analysis of the proteins recovered by a CC wash showed few bands, and the CBPs PspA and PspC (pneumococcal surface protein C) were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Subcutaneous immunization of mice with these full-length native proteins without adjuvant led to significantly higher rates of survival than immunization with diluent after an intranasal lethal challenge with two pneumococcal strains and also after a colonization challenge with one strain. Importantly, immunization with recombinant PspA4 (rPspA4) without adjuvant did not elicit significant protection.
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Feldman C, Anderson R. Review: Current and new generation pneumococcal vaccines. J Infect 2014; 69:309-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Piao Z, Akeda Y, Takeuchi D, Ishii KJ, Ubukata K, Briles DE, Tomono K, Oishi K. Protective properties of a fusion pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) vaccine against pneumococcal challenge by five different PspA clades in mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:5607-13. [PMID: 25132335 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the appearance of nonvaccine serotypes in both children and adults with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine represents a limitation of this vaccine. In this study, we generated three recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) proteins comprising PspA families 1 and 2, and we examined the reactivity of antisera raised in mice immunized with a PspA fusion protein in combination with CpG oligonucleotides plus aluminum hydroxide gel. The protective effects of immunization with PspA fusion proteins against pneumococcal challenge by strains with five different PspA clades were also examined in mice. Flow cytometry demonstrated that PspA3+2-induced antiserum showed the greatest binding of PspA-specific IgG to all five challenge strains with different clades. PspA2+4- or PspA2+5-induced antiserum showed the lowest binding of PspA-specific IgG to clade 3. Immunization with PspA3+2 afforded significant protection against pneumococcal challenge by five strains with different clades in mice, but immunization with PspA2+4 or PspA2+5 failed to protect mice from pneumococcal challenge by strains with clades 1 and 3. The binding of PspA-specific IgG in antisera raised by three PspA fusion proteins was examined in 68 clinical isolates from adult patients with IPD. Immunization of mice with PspA3+2-induced antiserum with a high binding capacity for clinical isolates expressing clades 1-4, but not clade 5. Our results suggest that the PspA3+2 vaccine has an advantage over the PspA2+4 or PspA2+5 vaccine in terms of a broad range of cross-reactivity with clinical isolates and cross-protection against pneumococcal challenge in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Piao
- Laboratory for Clinical Research on Infectious Disease, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan; Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Laboratory for Clinical Research on Infectious Disease, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Dan Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Clinical Research on Infectious Disease, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ubukata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - David E Briles
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
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