1
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Rahimnahal S, Yousefizadeh S, Mohammadi Y. Novel multi-epitope vaccine against bovine brucellosis: approach from immunoinformatics to expression. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15460-15484. [PMID: 36927475 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2188962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic caused by the Brucella which is a well-known infectious disease agent in domestic animals and if transmitted, it can cause infection in humans. Because brucellosis is contagious, its control depends on the eradication of the animal disease in farms. There are two vaccines based on the killed and/or weakened bacteria against B. melitensis and B. abortus, but no recombinant vaccine is available for preventing the disease. The present study was designed to develop a multi-epitope vaccine against of B. melitensis and B. abortus using virB10, Omp31 and Omp16 antigens by the prediction of T lymphocytes, T cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ epitopes. 50S L7/L12 Ribosomal protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used as a bovine TLR4 and TLR9 agonist. GPGPG, AAY and KK linkers were used as a linker. Brucella construct was well-integrated in the pET-32a Shuttle vector with BamHI and HindIII restriction enzymes. The final construct contained 769 amino acids, that it was soluble protein of about ∼82 kDa after expression in the Escherichia coli SHuffle host. Modeled protein analysis based on the tertiary structure validation, molecular docking studies, molecular dynamics simulations results like RMSD, Gyration and RMSF as well as MM/PBSA analysis showed that this protein has a stable construct and is capable being in interaction with bovine TLR4 and TLR9. Analysis of the data obtained suggests that the proposed vaccine can induce the immune response by stimulating T- and B-cells, and may be used for prevention and remedial purposes, against B. melitensis and B. abortus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Rahimnahal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Yousefizadeh
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Para-Veterinary, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Yahya Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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2
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Tarrahimofrad H, Zamani J, Hamblin MR, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. A designed peptide-based vaccine to combat Brucella melitensis, B. suis and B. abortus: Harnessing an epitope mapping and immunoinformatics approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113557. [PMID: 36115112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis have been based on weakened or killed bacteria, however there is no recombinant vaccine for disease prevention or therapy. This study attempted to predict IFN-γ epitopes, T cell cytotoxicity, and T lymphocytes in order to produce a multiepitope vaccine based on BtpA, Omp16, Omp28, virB10, Omp25, and Omp31 antigens against B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis. AAY, GPGPG, and EAAAK peptides were used as epitope linkers, while the PADRE sequence was used as a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 agonist. The final construct included 389 amino acids, and was a soluble protein with a molecular weight of 41.3 kDa, and nonallergenic and antigenic properties. Based on molecular docking studies, molecular dynamics simulations such as Gyration, RMSF, and RMSD, as well as tertiary structure validation methods, the modeled protein had a stable structure capable of interacting with TLR2/4. As a result, this novel vaccine may stimulate immune responses in B and T cells, and could prevent infection by B. suis, B. abortus, and B. melitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Zamani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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3
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Zhou D, Zhi F, Fang J, Zheng W, Li J, Zhang G, Chen L, Jin Y, Wang A. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Role of Omp16 in Brucella-Infected RAW264.7 Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:646839. [PMID: 33748220 PMCID: PMC7970042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.646839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infectious disease in the majority of developing countries, which causes huge economic losses. As immunogenic and protective antigens at the surface of Brucella spp., outer membrane proteins (Omps) are particularly attractive for developing vaccine and could have more relevant role in host–pathogen interactions. Omp16, a homolog to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (Pals), is essential for Brucella survival in vitro. At present, the functions of Omp16 have been poorly studied. Here, the gene expression profile of RAW264.7 cells infected with Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 (B. suis S2) and ΔOmp16 was analyzed by RNA-seq to investigate the cellular response immediately after Brucella entry. The RNA-sequence analysis revealed that a total of 303 genes were significantly regulated by B. suis S2 24 h post-infection. Of these, 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 30 DEGs were downregulated. These DEGs were mainly involved in innate immune signaling pathways, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. In ΔOmp16-infected cells, the expression of 52 total cells genes was significantly upregulated and that of 9 total cells genes were downregulated compared to B. suis S2-infected RAW264.7 cells. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that several upregulated genes were proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, IL-12β, C–C motif chemokine (CCL2), and CCL22. All together, we clearly demonstrate that ΔOmp16 can alter macrophage immune-related pathways to increase proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which provide insights into illuminating the Brucella pathogenic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feijie Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiaoyang Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junmei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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4
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Rodríguez AM, Delpino MV, Miraglia MC, Giambartolomei GH. Immune Mediators of Pathology in Neurobrucellosis: From Blood to Central Nervous System. Neuroscience 2019; 410:264-273. [PMID: 31128159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Masjedian Jezi F, Razavi S, Mirnejad R, Zamani K. Immunogenic and protective antigens of Brucella as vaccine candidates. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:29-36. [PMID: 31300122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella is an intracellular pathogen that causes abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. Due to the lack of a human vaccine against brucellosis, animal vaccines play an important role in the management of animal and human brucellosis for decades. Strain 19, RB51 and Rev1 are the approved Brucella spp. vaccine strains that are most commonly used to protect livestock against infection and abortion. However, due to some disadvantages of these vaccines, numerous studies have been conducted for the development of effective vaccines that could also be used in other susceptible animals. In this review, we compare different aspects of immunogenic antigens that have been a candidate for the brucellosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Masjedian Jezi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Sidhu-Muñoz RS, Sancho P, Cloeckaert A, Zygmunt MS, de Miguel MJ, Tejedor C, Vizcaíno N. Characterization of Cell Envelope Multiple Mutants of Brucella ovis and Assessment in Mice of Their Vaccine Potential. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2230. [PMID: 30294312 PMCID: PMC6158377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella ovis is a non-zoonotic Brucella species lacking specific vaccine. It presents a narrow host range, a unique biology relative to other Brucella species, and important distinct surface properties. To increase our knowledge on its peculiar surface and virulence features, and seeking to develop a specific vaccine, multiple mutants for nine relevant cell-envelope-related genes were investigated. Mutants lacking Omp10 plus Omp19 could not be obtained, suggesting that at least one of these lipoproteins is required for viability. A similar result was obtained for the double deletion of omp31 and omp25 that encode two major surface proteins. Conversely, the absence of major Omp25c (proved essential for internalization in HeLa cells) together with Omp25 or Omp31 was tolerated by the bacterium. Although showing important in vitro and in vivo defects, the Δomp10Δomp31Δomp25c mutant was obtained, demonstrating that B. ovis PA survives to the simultaneous absence of Omp10 and four out seven proteins of the Omp25/Omp31 family (i.e., Omp31, Omp25c, Omp25b, and Omp31b, the two latter naturally absent in B. ovis). Three multiple mutants were selected for a detailed analysis of virulence in the mouse model. The Δomp31Δcgs and Δomp10Δomp31Δomp25c mutants were highly attenuated when inoculated at 106 colony forming units/mouse but they established a persistent infection when the infection dose was increased 100-fold. The Δomp10ΔugpBΔomp31 mutant showed a similar behavior until week 3 post-infection but was then totally cleared from spleen. Accordingly, it was retained as vaccine candidate for mice protection assays. When compared to classical B. melitensis Rev1 heterologous vaccine, the triple mutant induced limited splenomegaly, a significantly higher antibody response against whole B. ovis PA cells, an equivalent memory cellular response and, according to spleen colonization measurements, better protection against a challenge with virulent B. ovis PA. Therefore, it would be a good candidate to be evaluated in the natural host as a specific vaccine against B. ovis that would avoid the drawbacks of B. melitensis Rev1. In addition, the lack in this attenuated strain of Omp31, recognized as a highly immunogenic protein during B. ovis infection, would favor the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals using Omp31 as diagnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Singh Sidhu-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sancho
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- Plasticité Génomique, Biodiversité, Antibiorésistance (PGBA), UR1282 - Infectiologie Animale, Santé Publique (IASP-311), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michel Stanislas Zygmunt
- Plasticité Génomique, Biodiversité, Antibiorésistance (PGBA), UR1282 - Infectiologie Animale, Santé Publique (IASP-311), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - María Jesús de Miguel
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Tejedor
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Kumar A, Naravarjula SS, Debnath Das M. Molecular and immunological characterization of Lp1, the 34 kDa outer membrane lipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Abdelhamed H, Lu J, Lawrence ML, Karsi A. Involvement of tolQ and tolR genes in Edwardsiella ictaluri virulence. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:90-94. [PMID: 27622343 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative intracellular facultative pathogen causing enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). The Tol system, consisting of four envelope proteins TolQ, TolR, TolA, and TolB, are required for colicin import and contributes to bacterial virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. However, the Tol system and its importance in E. ictaluri virulence have not been investigated. Here we present construction and evaluation of the E. ictaluri TolQ, TolR and TolQR mutants (EiΔtolQ, EiΔtolR, and EiΔtolQR). The Tol mutants were developed using in-frame gene deletion and their attenuation and vaccine efficacy were determined in catfish fingerlings. The EiΔtolQ, EiΔtolR, and EiΔtolQR mutants showed reduced virulence in catfish (28.93%, 19.70%, and 39.82% mortality, respectively) compared to wild type (46.91% mortality). Further, vaccination with these mutants protected catfish against subsequent wild-type infection. This study suggests that the Tol system contributes to E. ictaluri virulence in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jingjun Lu
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mark L Lawrence
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
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9
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Estein SM, Baldi PC, Bowden RA. Comparison of Serological Tests Based on Outer Membrane or Internal Antigens for Detecting Antibodies to Brucella Ovis in Infected Flocks. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 14:407-11. [PMID: 12296393 DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare the performance of 6 serological tests using outer or internal antigens from Brucella for the diagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in sheep in an endemic area. Outer membrane antigens included a hot saline extract (HS) and the rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS) from B. ovis. Internal antigens were LPS-free total cytosolic proteins (CP) and an 18-kDa cytosolic protein (p18) from Brucella spp. Sera from 200 sheep from naturally infected flocks were assayed by agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and by complement fixation test (CFT), both using HS, and by 4 ELISA using HS, R-LPS, CP, and p18, respectively. The percentage of positive results was 45.5% for ELISA with HS, 42.0% for ELISA with p18, 39.5% for CFT, 33.5% for ELISA with R-LPS, 29.0% for ELISA with CP, and 18.0% for AGID. Taking CFT as the reference test for calculating relative test parameters, the ELISA with HS had the best sensitivity (96.2%), while AGID and the ELISA with R-LPS had the best specificity (96.6%). The ELISA with CP was not more sensitive than the ELISA with p18 (67.1% vs. 79.7%) in spite of the higher number of antigens in CP. The lower relative sensitivity of tests using internal antigens might reflect a lack of antibodies to cytosolic proteins in some infected animals or a shorter persistence of these antibodies relative to antibodies to outer membrane components after recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Estein
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina
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10
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Sidhu-Muñoz RS, Sancho P, Vizcaíno N. Brucella ovis PA mutants for outer membrane proteins Omp10, Omp19, SP41, and BepC are not altered in their virulence and outer membrane properties. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:59-66. [PMID: 27016758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutants in several genes have been obtained on the genetic background of virulent rough (lacking O-polysaccharide) Brucella ovis PA. The target genes encode outer membrane proteins previously associated with the virulence of smooth (bearing O-polysaccharide chains in the lipopolysaccharide) Brucella strains. Multiple attempts to delete omp16, coding for a homologue to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins, were unsuccessful, which suggests that Omp16 is probably essential for in vitro survival of B. ovis PA. Single deletion of omp10 or omp19-that encode two other outer membrane lipoproteins--was achieved, but the simultaneous removal of both genes failed, suggesting an essential complementary function between both proteins. Two other deletion mutants, defective in the Tol-C-homologue BepC or in the SP41 adhesin, were also obtained. Surprisingly when compared to previous results obtained with smooth Brucella, none of the B. ovis mutants showed attenuation in the virulence, either in the mouse model or in cellular models of professional and non-professional phagocytes. Additionally, and in contrast to the observations reported with smooth Brucella strains, several properties related to the outer membrane remained almost unaltered. These results evidence new distinctive traits between naturally rough B. ovis and smooth brucellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca S Sidhu-Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sancho
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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11
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Goolab S, Roth RL, van Heerden H, Crampton MC. Analyzing the molecular mechanism of lipoprotein localization in Brucella. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1189. [PMID: 26579096 PMCID: PMC4623201 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins possess diverse structure and functionality, ranging from bacterial physiology to pathogenic processes. As such many lipoproteins, originating from Brucella are exploited as potential vaccines to countermeasure brucellosis infection in the host. These membrane proteins are translocated from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane where they are anchored peripherally by a multifaceted targeting mechanism. Although much research has focused on the identification and classification of Brucella lipoproteins and their potential use as vaccine candidates for the treatment of Brucellosis, the underlying route for the translocation of these lipoproteins to the outer surface of the Brucella (and other pathogens) outer membrane (OM) remains mostly unknown. This is partly due to the complexity of the organism and evasive tactics used to escape the host immune system, the variation in biological structure and activity of lipoproteins, combined with the complex nature of the translocation machinery. The biosynthetic pathway of Brucella lipoproteins involves a distinct secretion system aiding translocation from the cytoplasm, where they are modified by lipidation, sorted by the lipoprotein localization machinery pathway and thereafter equipped for export to the OM. Surface localized lipoproteins in Brucella may employ a lipoprotein flippase or the β-barrel assembly complex for translocation. This review provides an overview of the characterized Brucella OM proteins that form part of the OM, including a handful of other characterized bacterial lipoproteins and their mechanisms of translocation. Lipoprotein localization pathways in gram negative bacteria will be used as a model to identify gaps in Brucella lipoprotein localization and infer a potential pathway. Of particular interest are the dual topology lipoproteins identified in Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenza. The localization and topology of these lipoproteins from other gram negative bacteria are well characterized and may be useful to infer a solution to better understand the translocation process in Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Goolab
- Protein Technologies, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchPretoria, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Robyn L. Roth
- Protein Technologies, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchPretoria, South Africa
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael C. Crampton
- Protein Technologies, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchPretoria, South Africa
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Dimov S, Ivanova P, Harizanova N, Ivanova I. Bioactive Peptides used by Bacteria in the Concur-Rence for the Ecological Niche: General Classification and Mode of Action (Overview). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Gupta VK, Radhakrishnan G, Harms J, Splitter G. Invasive Escherichia coli vaccines expressing Brucella melitensis outer membrane proteins 31 or 16 or periplasmic protein BP26 confer protection in mice challenged with B. melitensis. Vaccine 2012; 30:4017-22. [PMID: 22546330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of the serious economic and medical consequences of brucellosis, efforts are to prevent infection of domestic animals through vaccines. Many disadvantages are associated with the current Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccine prompting development of alternative vaccines and delivery. Escherichia coli (DH5α) was engineered to express a plasmid containing the inv gene from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the hly gene from Listeria monocytogenes. These recombinant invasive E. coli expressing B. melitensis outer membrane proteins (Omp31 or 16) or the periplasmic protein BP26 were evaluated for protection of mice against virulent B. melitensis. Importantly, these invasive E. coli vaccines induced significant protection against B. melitensis challenged mice. Invasive E. coli may be an ideal vaccine platform with natural adjuvant properties for application against B. melitensis since the E. coli delivery system is non-pathogenic and can deliver antigens to antigen-presenting cells promoting cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Gupta
- Central Institute for Research On Goats, Makhdoom, PO Farah, Mathura 281 122, India.
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14
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Liang L, Tan X, Juarez S, Villaverde H, Pablo J, Nakajima-Sasaki R, Gotuzzo E, Saito M, Hermanson G, Molina D, Felgner S, Morrow WJW, Liang X, Gilman RH, Davies DH, Tsolis RM, Vinetz JM, Felgner PL. Systems biology approach predicts antibody signature associated with Brucella melitensis infection in humans. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4813-24. [PMID: 21863892 PMCID: PMC3189706 DOI: 10.1021/pr200619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of the factors that determine selection of antigens recognized by the humoral immune response following infectious agent challenge is lacking. Here we illustrate a systems biology approach to identify the antibody signature associated with Brucella melitensis (Bm) infection in humans and predict proteomic features of serodiagnostic antigens. By taking advantage of a full proteome microarray expressing previously cloned 1406 and newly cloned 1640 Bm genes, we were able to identify 122 immunodominant antigens and 33 serodiagnostic antigens. The reactive antigens were then classified according to annotated functional features (COGs), computationally predicted features (e.g., subcellular localization, physical properties), and protein expression estimated by mass spectrometry (MS). Enrichment analyses indicated that membrane association and secretion were significant enriching features of the reactive antigens, as were proteins predicted to have a signal peptide, a single transmembrane domain, and outer membrane or periplasmic location. These features accounted for 67% of the serodiagnostic antigens. An overlay of the seroreactive antigen set with proteomic data sets generated by MS identified an additional 24%, suggesting that protein expression in bacteria is an additional determinant in the induction of Brucella-specific antibodies. This analysis indicates that one-third of the proteome contains enriching features that account for 91% of the antigens recognized, and after B. melitensis infection the immune system develops significant antibody titers against 10% of the proteins with these enriching features. This systems biology approach provides an empirical basis for understanding the breadth and specificity of the immune response to B. melitensis and a new framework for comparing the humoral responses against other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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15
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Eoh H, Jeon BY, Kim Z, Kim SC, Cho SN. Expression and Validation of D-Erythrulose 1-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Brucella abortus: A Diagnostic Reagent for Bovine Brucellosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:524-30. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a bacterium of brucellosis causing abortion in cattle. The diagnosis of bovine brucellosis mainly relies on serologic tests using smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) from B. abortus. However, the usefulness of this method is limited by false-positive reactions due to cross-reaction with other Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, the eryC gene encoding B. abortus D-erythrulose 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is involved in the erythritol metabolism in virulent B. abortus strain but is absent from a B. abortus vaccine strain (S19), was cloned. Recombinant EryC was expressed and purified for the evaluation as a diagnostic reagent for bovine brucellosis. Other B. abortus proteins, Omp16, PP26, and CP39 were also purified and their seroreactivities were compared. Recombinant EryC, Omp16, PP26, and PP39 were all reactive to B. abortus-positive serum. The specificity of recombinant Omp 16, PP26, CP39, and EryC, were shown to be approximately 98%, whereas that of B. abortus whole cell lysates was shown to be 95%. The sensitivity of Omp16, PP26, CP39, and EryC were 10%, 51%, 64%, and 43%, respectively, whereas that of B. abortus whole cell lysates was 53%. These results suggested that B. abortus EryC would be a potential reagent for diagnosis for bovine brucellosis as a single protein antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Microbiology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Bo-Young Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Zhiyeol Kim
- Chemical Defense Research Institute, The Armed Force CBR Defense Commend, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Kim
- Chemical Defense Research Institute, The Armed Force CBR Defense Commend, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nae Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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16
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Large scale immune profiling of infected humans and goats reveals differential recognition of Brucella melitensis antigens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e673. [PMID: 20454614 PMCID: PMC2864264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that is also a potential agent of bioterrorism. Current serological assays to diagnose human brucellosis in clinical settings are based on detection of agglutinating anti-LPS antibodies. To better understand the universe of antibody responses that develop after B. melitensis infection, a protein microarray was fabricated containing 1,406 predicted B. melitensis proteins. The array was probed with sera from experimentally infected goats and naturally infected humans from an endemic region in Peru. The assay identified 18 antigens differentially recognized by infected and non-infected goats, and 13 serodiagnostic antigens that differentiate human patients proven to have acute brucellosis from syndromically similar patients. There were 31 cross-reactive antigens in healthy goats and 20 cross-reactive antigens in healthy humans. Only two of the serodiagnostic antigens and eight of the cross-reactive antigens overlap between humans and goats. Based on these results, a nitrocellulose line blot containing the human serodiagnostic antigens was fabricated and applied in a simple assay that validated the accuracy of the protein microarray results in the diagnosis of humans. These data demonstrate that an experimentally infected natural reservoir host produces a fundamentally different immune response than a naturally infected accidental human host. Brucellosis is a bacterial disease transmitted from infected animals to humans. This disease often presents as a prolonged but non-specific illness primarily characterized as fever without specific organ localization. Because infections can result after ingestion (typically from unpasteurized animal milk or milk products from goats, cattle or sheep) or inhalation (important because of bioterrorism potential) of small numbers of organisms, the bacteria that cause brucellosis are potential biological warfare agents. Here, a protein microarray containing 1406 Brucella melitensis proteins was used to study the antibody response of experimentally infected goats and naturally infected humans in B. melitensis infection. Goats recognized 18 proteins and humans recognized 13 proteins as serodiagnostic antigens; antibody detection of only two of these antigens was shared by goats and humans, suggesting either fundamentally different immune responses or different responses in relation to mode or setting of infection. The human serodiagnostic antigens were evaluated in a simple nitrocellulose line blot assay, which validated the protein microarray results. The approach described here will lead to the development of new diagnostics for brucellosis and other infectious diseases, and aid in understanding the human and animal host immune response to pathogenic organisms.
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17
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Pasquevich KA, García Samartino C, Coria LM, Estein SM, Zwerdling A, Ibañez AE, Barrionuevo P, Oliveira FSD, Carvalho NB, Borkowski J, Oliveira SC, Warzecha H, Giambartolomei GH, Cassataro J. The protein moiety of Brucella abortus outer membrane protein 16 is a new bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern that activates dendritic cells in vivo, induces a Th1 immune response, and is a promising self-adjuvanting vaccine against systemic and oral acquired brucellosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:5200-12. [PMID: 20351187 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the inherent stimulatory properties of the lipid moiety of bacterial lipoproteins, we first hypothesized that Brucella abortus outer membrane protein (Omp)16 lipoprotein would be able to elicit a protective immune response without the need of external adjuvants. In this study, we demonstrate that Omp16 administered by the i.p. route confers significant protection against B. abortus infection and that the protective response evoked is independent of the protein lipidation. To date, Omp16 is the first Brucella protein that without the requirement of external adjuvants is able to induce similar protection levels to the control live vaccine S19. Moreover, the protein portion of Omp16 (unlipidated Omp16 [U-Omp16]) elicits a protective response when administered by the oral route. Either systemic or oral immunization with U-Omp16 elicits a Th1-specific response. These abilities of U-Omp16 indicate that it is endowed with self-adjuvanting properties. The adjuvanticity of U-Omp16 could be explained, at least in part, by its capacity to activate dendritic cells in vivo. U-Omp16 is also able to stimulate dendritic cells and macrophages in vitro. The latter property and its ability to induce a protective Th1 immune response against B. abortus infection have been found to be TLR4 dependent. The facts that U-Omp16 is an oral protective Ag and possesses a mucosal self-adjuvanting property led us to develop a plant-made vaccine expressing U-Omp16. Our results indicate that plant-expressed recombinant U-Omp16 is able to confer protective immunity, when given orally, indicating that a plant-based oral vaccine expressing U-Omp16 could be a valuable approach to controlling this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Brucella Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Brucella Vaccine/immunology
- Brucellosis/immunology
- Brucellosis/prevention & control
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lipids/administration & dosage
- Lipoproteins/administration & dosage
- Lipoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pasquevich
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Clinical Hospital José de San Martín, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires
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18
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Luo D, Ni B, Li P, Shi W, Zhang S, Han Y, Mao L, He Y, Wu Y, Wang X. Protective immunity elicited by a divalent DNA vaccine encoding both the L7/L12 and Omp16 genes of Brucella abortus in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 2006; 74:2734-41. [PMID: 16622210 PMCID: PMC1459688 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.5.2734-2741.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of a divalent fusion DNA vaccine encoding both the Brucella abortus L7/L12 protein (ribosomal protein) and Omp16 protein (outer membrane lipoprotein), designated pcDNA3.1-L7/L12-Omp16. Intramuscular injection of this divalent DNA vaccine into BALB/c mice elicited markedly both humoral and cellular immune responses. The specific antibodies exhibited a dominance of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) over IgG1. In addition, the dual-gene DNA vaccine elicited a strong T-cell proliferative response and induced a large amount of gamma interferon-producing T cells upon restimulation in vitro with recombinant fusion protein L7/L12-Omp16, suggesting the induction of a typical T-helper-1-dominated immune response in vivo. This divalent DNA vaccine could also induce a significant level of protection against challenge with the virulent strain B. abortus 544 in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the protection level induced by the divalent DNA vaccine was significantly higher than that induced by the univalent DNA vaccines pcDNA3.1-L7/L12 or pcDNA3.1-Omp16. Taken together, the results of this study verify for the first time that the Omp16 gene can be a candidate target for a DNA vaccine against brucellosis. Additionally, a divalent genetic vaccine based on the L7/L12 and Omp16 genes can elicit a stronger cellular immune response and better immunoprotection than the relevant univalent vaccines can.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
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19
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Ding XZ, Bhattacharjee A, Nikolich MP, Paulsen IT, Myers G, Seshadri R, L Hoover D. Cloning, expression, and purification of Brucella suis outer membrane proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 40:134-41. [PMID: 15721781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Brucella, an aerobic, nonsporeforming, nonmotile Gram-negative coccobacillus, is a NIH/CDC category B bioterror threat agent that causes incapacitating human illness. Medical defense against the bioterror threat posed by Brucella would be strengthened by development of a human vaccine and improved diagnostic tests. Central to advancement of these goals is discovery of bacterial constituents that are immunogenic or antigenic for humans. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are particularly attractive for this purpose. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and purified seven predicted OMPs of Brucella suis. The recombinant proteins were fused with 6-His and V5 epitope tags at their C termini to facilitate detection and purification. The B. suis surface genes were PCR synthesized based on their ORF sequences and directly cloned into an entry vector. The recombinant entry constructs were propagated in TOP 10 cells, recombined into a destination vector, pET-DEST42, then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 cells for IPTG-induced protein expression. The expressed recombinant proteins were confirmed with Western blot analysis using anti-6-His antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. These B. suis OMPs were captured and purified using a HisGrab plate. The purified recombinant proteins were examined for their binding activity with antiserum. Serum derived from a rabbit immunized intramuscularly with dialyzed cell lysate of Brucella rough mutant WRR51. The OMPs were screened using the rabbit antiserum and purified IgG. The results suggested that recombinant B. suis OMPs were successfully cloned, expressed and purified. Some of the expressed OMPs showed high binding activity with immunized rabbit antiserum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Z Ding
- Division of CD&I, Department of Bacterial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA.
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20
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Giambartolomei GH, Zwerdling A, Cassataro J, Bruno L, Fossati CA, Philipp MT. Lipoproteins, not lipopolysaccharide, are the key mediators of the proinflammatory response elicited by heat-killed Brucella abortus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:4635-42. [PMID: 15383598 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.7.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of brucellosis. Although Brucella abortus, one of the disease's etiologic agents, possesses cytokine-stimulatory properties, the mechanism by which this bacterium triggers a proinflammatory response is not known. We examined the mechanism whereby heat-killed B. abortus (HKBA), as well as its LPS, induces production of inflammatory cytokines in monocytes/macrophages. Polymyxin B, a specific inhibitor of LPS activity, did not inhibit the production of TNF-alpha- and IL-6-induced HKBA in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. HKBA induced the production of these cytokines in peritoneal macrophages of both C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice, whereas B. abortus LPS only stimulated cells from C3H/HeN mice. Anti-TLR2 Ab, but not anti-TLR4 Ab, blocked HKBA-mediated TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in THP-1 cells. Because bacterial lipoproteins, a TLR2 ligand, have potent inherent stimulatory properties, we investigated the capacity of two B. abortus lipoproteins, outer membrane protein 19 (Omp19) and Omp16, to elicit a proinflammatory response. Lipidated (L)-Omp16 and L-Omp19, but not their unlipidated forms, induced the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Preincubation of THP-1 cells with anti-TLR2 Ab blocked L-Omp19-mediated TNF-alpha and IL-6 production. Together, these results entail a mechanism whereby B. abortus can stimulate cells from the innate immune system and induce cytokine-mediated inflammation in brucellosis. We submit that LPS is not the cause of inflammation in brucellosis; rather, lipoproteins of this organism trigger the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and TLR2 is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo H Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Rooney AP. Selection for highly biased amino acid frequency in the TolA cell envelope protein of Proteobacteria. J Mol Evol 2004; 57:731-6. [PMID: 14745542 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-003-2530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2002] [Accepted: 07/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cell envelope protein TolA functions to maintain the integrity of the cell membrane. This protein contains high levels of alanine and lysine that are used in the formation of alpha helices, which are required for normal protein function. The neutral model of molecular evolution predicts that amino acid composition and nucleotide composition are driven by the underlying GC content, as a result of mutation bias. However, this study shows that selection has acted to maintain high levels of alanine and lysine in the TolA protein of Proteobacteria, which in turn has biased nucleotide composition in the corresponding tolA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro P Rooney
- Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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22
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Plesa M, Kholti A, Vermis K, Vandamme P, Panagea S, Winstanley C, Cornelis P. Conservation of the opcL gene encoding the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein among representatives of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:389-398. [PMID: 15096547 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are Gram-negative β-proteobacteria that are classified into nine genomic species or genomovars. Some representatives of this group of bacteria, such as Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II) and Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III), are considered to be dangerous pathogens for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients because of their capacity to colonize CF lungs. The opcL gene, which encodes the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein (PAL), was detected in the genome of Burkholderia sp. LB 400 by a similarity search that was based on the sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAL, OprL. Primers that could amplify part of opcL from B. multivorans LMG 13010T were designed. This PCR fragment was used as a probe for screening of a B. multivorans genomic bank, allowing cloning of the complete opcL gene. The complete opcL gene could be PCR-amplified from DNA from all genomovars. The sequences of these opcL genes showed a high degree of conservation (> 95 %) among different species of the B. cepacia complex. OpcL protein that was purified from B. multivorans LMG 13010T was used to generate mouse polyclonal antisera against OpcL. The OpcL protein could be produced in Escherichia coli and detected in outer-membrane fractions by Western blot. Burkholderia cells were labelled by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against OpcL, but only after treatment with EDTA and SDS. The opcL gene could be amplified directly from the sputa of 15 CF patients who were known to be colonized by B. cepacia; sequence data derived from the amplicons identified the colonizing strains as B. cenocepacia (genomovar III, n = 14) and B. multivorans (n = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plesa
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Abdelaziz Kholti
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Karen Vermis
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Stavroula Panagea
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Craig Winstanley
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
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23
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van den Bosch H, Frey J. Interference of outer membrane protein PalA with protective immunity against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections in vaccinated pigs. Vaccine 2003; 21:3601-7. [PMID: 12922088 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of antibodies to the outer membrane protein PalA of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in protective immunity was studied in pigs vaccinated with purified PalA alone and PalA in combination with toxoids of the RTX toxins ApxI and ApxII using an established challenge model with the virulent serotype 1 of A. pleuropneumoniae. Pigs that developed antibody titers against PalA after immunization were more significantly affected by challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Following challenge, pigs that were immunized with PalA showed more severe respiratory symptoms, had a higher mortality rate and died faster. They also displayed much more severe lung lesions after necropsy than animals not immunized with PalA. Pigs that were immunized with toxoids of the two cytotoxins ApxI and ApxII were protected against challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae. In contrast, the protective efficacy of the ApxI and ApxII vaccine was completely lost when it was supplemented with PalA. Hence, antibodies induced against the outer membrane protein PalA of A. pleuropneumoniae aggravated the consequences of infection and counteracted the protective effect of anti-ApxI and anti-ApxII antibodies. Due to the high similarity between protein analogues of PalA from various bacteria of the Pasteurellaceae family such as P6 of Haemophilus influenzae or 16kDa Omp of Pasteurella multocida, this deleterious effect of PalA in vaccination should be taken into consideration in the development of vaccines against infections with other Pasteurellaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han van den Bosch
- Intervet International, P.O. Box 31, NL-5830 AA, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
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24
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Tibor A, Wansard V, Bielartz V, Delrue RM, Danese I, Michel P, Walravens K, Godfroid J, Letesson JJ. Effect of omp10 or omp19 deletion on Brucella abortus outer membrane properties and virulence in mice. Infect Immun 2002; 70:5540-6. [PMID: 12228280 PMCID: PMC128365 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.10.5540-5546.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinctive properties of Brucella outer membrane have been considered to be critical for Brucella sp. virulence. Among the outer membrane molecules possibly related to these properties, Omp10 and Omp19 are immunoreactive outer membrane lipoproteins. Moreover, these proteins of Brucella could constitute a new family of outer membrane proteins specifically encountered in the family RHIZOBIACEAE: We evaluated the impact of omp10 or omp19 deletion on Brucella abortus outer membrane properties and virulence in mice. The omp10 mutant was dramatically attenuated for survival in mice and was defective for growth in minimal medium but was not impaired in intracellular growth in vitro, nor does it display clear modification of the outer membrane properties. Significantly fewer brucellae were recovered from the spleens of mice infected with the omp19 mutant than from those of mice infected with the parent strain at 4 and 8 weeks postinfection. The omp19 mutant exhibited an increase in sensitivity to the polycation polymyxin B and to sodium deoxycholate. These results indicate that inactivation of the omp19 gene alters the outer membrane properties of B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tibor
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Moléculaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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25
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Al-Mariri A, Tibor A, Mertens P, De Bolle X, Michel P, Godfroid J, Walravens K, Letesson JJ. Induction of immune response in BALB/c mice with a DNA vaccine encoding bacterioferritin or P39 of Brucella spp. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6264-70. [PMID: 11553569 PMCID: PMC98760 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.10.6264-6270.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the ability of DNA vaccines encoding the bacterioferritin (BFR) or P39 proteins of Brucella spp. to induce cellular and humoral immune responses and to protect BALB/c mice against a challenge with B. abortus 544. We constructed eukaryotic expression vectors called pCIBFR and pCIP39, encoding BFR or P39 antigens, respectively, and we verified that these proteins were produced after transfection of COS-7 cells. PCIBFR or pCIP39 was injected intramuscularly three times, at 3-week intervals. pCIP39 induced higher antibody responses than did the DNA vector encoding BFR. Both vectors elicited a T-cell-proliferative response and also induced a strong gamma interferon production upon restimulation with either the specific antigens or Brucella extract. In this report, we also demonstrate that animals immunized with these plasmids elicited a strong and long-lived memory immune response which persisted at least 3 months after the third vaccination. Furthermore, pCIBFR and pCIP39 induced a typical T-helper 1-dominated immune response in mice, as determined by cytokine or immunoglobulin G isotype analysis. The pCIP39 delivered by intramuscular injection (but not the pCIBFR or control vectors) induced a moderate protection in BALB/c mice challenged with B. abortus 544 compared to that observed in positive control mice vaccinated with S19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Mariri
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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26
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Halling SM, Koster NA. Use of detergent extracts of Brucella abortus RB51 to detect serologic responses in RB51-vaccinated cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13:408-12. [PMID: 11580062 DOI: 10.1177/104063870101300507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic responses to the newly introduced rough Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 have been determined in a dot-blot format using gamma-irradiated RB51 cells as the antigen. Because gamma-irradiated cells are not easily prepared and the signal from cells was not always reliable, an alternative antigen was sought. Detergent extracts of B. abortus RB51 were prepared using zwittergent 3-14, Triton X-100, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and examined in a dot-blot format. Zwittergent 3-14 extracts and gamma-irradiated RB51 cells gave the same titers. Unlike gamma-irradiated RB51 cells, zwittergent 3-14 extracts produced signals consistently, and the signals were easily interpreted. Triton X-100 extracts interfered with signal development, and SDS extracts resulted in a high background signal. Western blot analyses revealed several outer membrane proteins in the zwittergent 3-14 extract. The major antigens in the extract had apparent molecular weights of <20,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Halling
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA
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Al-Mariri A, Tibor A, Mertens P, De Bolle X, Michel P, Godefroid J, Walravens K, Letesson JJ. Protection of BALB/c mice against Brucella abortus 544 challenge by vaccination with bacterioferritin or P39 recombinant proteins with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as adjuvant. Infect Immun 2001; 69:4816-22. [PMID: 11447155 PMCID: PMC98569 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.8.4816-4822.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The P39 and the bacterioferrin (BFR) antigens of Brucella melitensis 16M were previously identified as T dominant antigens able to induce both delayed-type hypersensivity in sensitized guinea pigs and in vitro gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected cattle. Here, we analyzed the potential for these antigens to function as a subunitary vaccine against Brucella abortus infection in BALB/c mice, and we characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses induced. Mice were injected with each of the recombinant proteins alone or adjuvanted with either CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) or non-CpG ODN. Mice immunized with the recombinant antigens with CpG ODN were the only group demonstrating both significant IFN-gamma production and T-cell proliferation in response to either Brucella extract or to the respective antigen. The same conclusion holds true for the antibody response, which was only demonstrated in mice immunized with recombinant antigens mixed with CpG ODN. The antibody titers (both immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgG2a) induced by P39 immunization were higher than the titers induced by BFR (only IgG2a). Using a B. abortus 544 challenge, the level of protection was analyzed and compared to the protection conferred by one immunization with the vaccine strain B19. Immunization with P39 and CpG ODN gave a level of protection comparable to the one conferred by B19 at 4 weeks postchallenge, and the mice were still significantly protected at 8 weeks postchallenge, although to a lesser extent than the B19-vaccinated group. Intriguingly, no protection was detected after BFR vaccination. All other groups did not demonstrate any protection.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Bacterial Proteins
- Brucella Vaccine/genetics
- Brucella Vaccine/immunology
- Brucella Vaccine/isolation & purification
- Brucella abortus/immunology
- Brucellosis/immunology
- Brucellosis/prevention & control
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification
- Cell Division
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens
- Cytochrome b Group/genetics
- Cytochrome b Group/immunology
- Cytochrome b Group/isolation & purification
- DNA/immunology
- Female
- Ferritins/genetics
- Ferritins/immunology
- Ferritins/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
- Periplasmic Binding Proteins
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Spleen/cytology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Mariri
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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28
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Germon P, Ray MC, Vianney A, Lazzaroni JC. Energy-dependent conformational change in the TolA protein of Escherichia coli involves its N-terminal domain, TolQ, and TolR. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:4110-4. [PMID: 11418549 PMCID: PMC95298 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.14.4110-4114.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TolQ, TolR, and TolA inner membrane proteins of Escherichia coli are involved in maintaining the stability of the outer membrane. They share homology with the ExbB, ExbD, and TonB proteins, respectively. The last is involved in energy transduction between the inner and the outer membrane, and its conformation has been shown to depend on the presence of the proton motive force (PMF), ExbB, and ExbD. Using limited proteolysis experiments, we investigated whether the conformation of TolA was also affected by the PMF. We found that dissipation of the PMF by uncouplers led to the formation of a proteinase K digestion fragment of TolA not seen when uncouplers are omitted. This fragment was also detected in Delta tolQ, Delta tolR, and tolA(H22P) mutants but, in contrast to the parental strain, was also seen in the absence of uncouplers. We repeated those experiments in outer membrane mutants such as lpp, pal, and Delta rfa mutants: the behavior of TolA in lpp mutants was similar to that observed with the parental strain. However, the proteinase K-resistant fragment was never detected in the Delta rfa mutant. Altogether, these results suggest that TolA is able to undergo a PMF-dependent change of conformation. This change requires TolQ, TolR, and a functional TolA N-terminal domain. The potential role of this energy-dependent process in the stability of the outer membrane is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Germon
- Unité de Microbiologie et Génétique, ERS2009 (CNRS-INSA-Université Lyon 1), F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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29
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Llamas MA, Ramos JL, Rodríguez-Herva JJ. Mutations in each of the tol genes of Pseudomonas putida reveal that they are critical for maintenance of outer membrane stability. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:4764-72. [PMID: 10940016 PMCID: PMC111352 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.17.4764-4772.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria functions as a permeability barrier that protects cells against a large number of antibacterial agents. OprL protein of Pseudomonas putida has been shown to be crucial to maintain the stability of this cell component (J. J. Rodríguez-Herva, M.-I. Ramos-González, and J. L. Ramos. J. Bacteriol. 178:1699-1706, 1996). In the present study we cloned and mutagenized the orf1, tolQ, tolR, tolA, and tolB genes from P. putida KT2440, which were located upstream of the oprL gene. Polar and nonpolar mutations of the P. putida tolQ, tolR, tolA, and tolB genes were generated in vitro by using the omega-Km(r) interposon, which carries two transcriptional stop signals, or a promoterless xylE cassette, lacking any transcriptional stop signal, respectively. The mutant constructs were used to inactivate, by reverse genetics procedures, the corresponding chromosomal copies of the genes. The phenotype of each mutant strain was analyzed and compared with those of the wild-type strain and the previously characterized P. putida oprL::xylE mutant. All mutant strains exhibited a similar phenotype: altered cell morphology, bleb formation at the cell surface, release of periplasmic and outer membrane proteins to the extracellular medium, increased sensitivity to a variety of compounds (i.e., EDTA, sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxycholate, and some antibiotics), filament formation, and severely reduced cell motility. Altogether, these results demonstrate the importance of the Tol-OprL system for the maintenance of outer membrane integrity in P. putida and suggest a possible role of these proteins in assembling outer membrane components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidin, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 18008 Granada, Spain
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30
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Bowden RA, Estein SM, Zygmunt MS, Dubray G, Cloeckaert A. Identification of protective outer membrane antigens of Brucella ovis by passive immunization of mice with monoclonal antibodies. Microbes Infect 2000; 2:481-8. [PMID: 10865193 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and rough lipopolysaccharide (R-LPS), the main surface antigens of Brucella ovis, display surface-exposed epitopes. Mixtures of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to both antigens were previously shown to protect mice against a B. ovis challenge. To further identify the antigens involved, seven mAbs against Brucella OMPs (Omp10, Omp16, Omp19, Omp25, Omp31, Omp2b and Omp1) and three to R-LPS were tested for protection either individually or in combinations. Significant reduction in spleen infection in challenged mice, relative to controls, was used as the protection criteri. Controls included nonimmunized mice and mice given an irrelevant, anti-O-polysaccharide (OPS), mAb. For comparison, a group received a mouse serum containing antibodies to both OMPs and R-LPS; this serum was prepared by immunization with a B. ovis hot-saline extract which, as described previously, induces protective immunity in mice and rams. Significant protection was observed with both mAbs to OMPs and R-LPS. mAbs to Omp16, Omp19 and Omp31 afforded the highest protection and prevented the development of splenomegaly. The protective effect of mAb to Omp31 was not interfered with by nonprotective mAbs in different mixtures. The data presented confirm the protective role of antibodies to OMPs and R-LPS against B. ovis, and identify several OMPs, especially Omp31, which are promising candidates for a subunit vaccine against ram epididymitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bowden
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Biotecnologia, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNICEN, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
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31
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Tibor A, Decelle B, Letesson JJ. Outer membrane proteins Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 of Brucella spp. are lipoproteins. Infect Immun 1999; 67:4960-2. [PMID: 10456959 PMCID: PMC96837 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.9.4960-4962.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The deduced sequences of the Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 outer membrane proteins of Brucella spp. contain a potential bacterial lipoprotein processing sequence. After extraction with Triton X-114, these three proteins partitioned into the detergent phase. Processing of the three proteins is inhibited by globomycin, a specific inhibitor of lipoprotein signal peptidase. The three proteins were radioimmunoprecipitated from [(3)H]palmitic acid-labeled Brucella abortus lysates with monoclonal antibodies. These results demonstrate that Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 are lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tibor
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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32
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Journet L, Rigal A, Lazdunski C, Bénédetti H. Role of TolR N-terminal, central, and C-terminal domains in dimerization and interaction with TolA and tolQ. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:4476-84. [PMID: 10419942 PMCID: PMC103575 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.15.4476-4484.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tol-PAL system of Escherichia coli is a multiprotein system involved in maintaining the cell envelope integrity and is necessary for the import of some colicins and phage DNA into the bacterium. It is organized into two complexes, one near the outer membrane between TolB and PAL and one in the cytoplasmic membrane between TolA, TolQ, and TolR. In the cytoplasmic membrane, all of the Tol proteins have been shown to interact with each other. Cross-linking experiments have shown that the TolA transmembrane domain interacts with TolQ and TolR. Suppressor mutant analyses have localized the TolQ-TolA interaction to the first transmembrane domain of TolQ and have shown that the third transmembrane domain of TolQ interacts with the transmembrane domain of TolR. To get insights on the composition of the cytoplasmic membrane complex and its possible contacts with the outer membrane complex, we focused our attention on TolR. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation experiments allowed the identification of Tol proteins interacting with TolR. The interactions of TolR with TolA and TolQ were confirmed, TolR was shown to dimerize, and the resulting dimer was shown to interact with TolQ. Deletion mutants of TolR were constructed, and they allowed us to determine the TolR domains involved in each interaction. The TolR transmembrane domain was shown to be involved in the TolA-TolR and TolQ-TolR interactions, while TolR central and C-terminal domains appeared to be involved in TolR dimerization. The role of the TolR C-terminal domain in the TolA-TolR interaction and its association with the membranes was also demonstrated. Furthermore, phenotypic studies clearly showed that the three TolR domains (N terminal, central, and C terminal) and the level of TolR production are important for colicin A import and for the maintenance of cell envelope integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Journet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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33
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Cloeckaert A, Tibor A, Zygmunt MS. Brucella outer membrane lipoproteins share antigenic determinants with bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1999; 6:627-9. [PMID: 10391877 PMCID: PMC95742 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.6.4.627-629.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellae have been reported to be phylogenetically related to bacteria of the family Rhizobiaceae. In the present study, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to Brucella outer membrane proteins (OMPs) to determine the presence of common OMP epitopes in some representative bacteria of this family, i.e., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Phyllobacterium rubiacearum, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and also in bacteria reported to serologically cross-react with brucella, i.e., Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, Escherichia coli O:157, and Salmonella urbana. In particular, most MAbs to the Brucella outer membrane lipoproteins Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 cross-reacted with O. anthropi and P. rubiacearum, which are actually the closest relatives of brucellae. Some of them also cross-reacted, but to a lower extent, with R. leguminosarum and A. tumefaciens. The putative Omp16 and Omp19 homologs in these bacteria showed the same apparent molecular masses as their Brucella counterparts. None of the antilipoprotein MAbs cross-reacted with Y. enterocolitica O:9, E. coli O:157, or S. urbana.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cloeckaert
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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34
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Guilloteau LA, Laroucau K, Vizcaíno N, Jacques I, Dubray G. Immunogenicity of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the omp31 gene of Brucella melitensis in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 1999; 17:353-61. [PMID: 9987174 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the omp31 gene of Brucella melitensis, a gene coding for a major outer membrane protein. Immunization resulted in the production of specific antibodies to B. melitensis in the serum, the production of which was considerably increased after boosting with a dose ten times lower than the first. A significant specific proliferative response of immune spleen cells to B. melitensis was observed 5 weeks after the first immunization but this response did not persist. Despite the induction of systemic humoral and cellular immune responses by recombinant E. coli expressing the B. melitensis omp31 gene, no significant protection against a challenge with smooth B. melitensis H38S was observed in immunized mice. These results demonstrate that despite the strong antibody response induced in mice, immunization with the recombinant Omp31 of B. melitensis does not confer any protective effect against a virulent smooth B. melitensis. However, its potential protective effect for protection against rough Brucella would be worth testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Guilloteau
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Centre de Recherches de Tours, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France.
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35
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Vemulapalli R, Duncan AJ, Boyle SM, Sriranganathan N, Toth TE, Schurig GG. Cloning and sequencing of yajC and secD homologs of Brucella abortus and demonstration of immune responses to YajC in mice vaccinated with B. abortus RB51. Infect Immun 1998; 66:5684-91. [PMID: 9826342 PMCID: PMC108718 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.12.5684-5691.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify Brucella antigens that are potentially involved in stimulating a protective cell-mediated immune response, a gene library of Brucella abortus 2308 was screened for the expression of antigens reacting with immunoglobulin G2a antibodies from BALB/c mice vaccinated with B. abortus RB51. One selected positive clone (clone MCB68) contained an insert of 2.6 kb; nucleotide sequence analysis of this insert revealed two open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequences of the first and second ORFs had significant similarities with the YajC and SecD proteins, respectively, of several bacterial species. Both the YajC and SecD proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with maltose binding protein (MBP). In Western blots, sera from mice vaccinated with B. abortus RB51 recognized YajC but not SecD. Further Western blot analysis with purified recombinant YajC protein indicated that mice inoculated with B. abortus 19 or 2308 or B. melitensis RM1 also produced antibodies to YajC. In response to in vitro stimulation with recombinant MBP-YajC fusion protein, splenocytes from mice vaccinated with B. abortus RB51 were able to proliferate and produce gamma interferon but not interleukin-4. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the involvement of YajC protein in an immune response to an infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vemulapalli
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0342, USA
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36
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Lazdunski CJ, Bouveret E, Rigal A, Journet L, Lloubès R, Bénédetti H. Colicin import into Escherichia coli cells. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:4993-5002. [PMID: 9748429 PMCID: PMC107532 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.19.4993-5002.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lazdunski
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, CNRS, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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37
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Verger JM, Grayon M, Tibor A, Wansard V, Letesson JJ, Cloeckaert A. Differentiation of Brucella melitensis, B. ovis and B. suis biovar 2 strains by use of membrane protein- or cytoplasmic protein-specific gene probes. Res Microbiol 1998; 149:509-17. [PMID: 9766202 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(98)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of differentiating Brucella species and biovars by Southern blot hybridization of agarose gel-electrophoresed HindIII-digested genomic DNA with membrane protein- or cytoplasmic protein-specific gene probes was investigated on 92 reference and field strains representative of all known species and biovars. Based on the RFLP pattern observed, three gene probes, i.e. br25, 39ugpa and omp16 coding for membrane or cytoplasmic proteins differentiated B. melitensis, B. ovis and B. suis biovar 2 strains from each other and from the other Brucella species and biovars. Thus, the use of these specific gene probes could contribute, in addition to previously identified species- or biovar-specific markers, to the molecular identification and typing of Brucella isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Verger
- Laboratoire de Pathologie infectieuse et Immunologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
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38
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Rigal A, Bouveret E, Lloubes R, Lazdunski C, Benedetti H. The TolB protein interacts with the porins of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:7274-9. [PMID: 9393690 PMCID: PMC179676 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.23.7274-7279.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TolB is a periplasmic protein of the cell envelope Tol complex. It is partially membrane associated through an interaction with the outer membrane lipoprotein PAL (peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein), which also belongs to the Tol system. The interaction of TolB with outer membrane porins of Escherichia coli was investigated with a purified TolB derivative harboring a six-histidine tag. TolB interacted with the trimeric porins OmpF, OmpC, PhoE, and LamB but not with their denatured monomeric forms or OmpA. These interactions took place both in the presence and in the absence of lipopolysaccharide. TolA, an inner membrane component of the Tol system, also interacts with the trimeric porins via its central periplasmic domain (R. Dérouiche, M. Gavioli, H. Bénédetti, A. Prilipov, C. Lazdunski, and R. Lloubès, EMBO J. 15:6408-6415, 1996). In the presence of the purified central domain of TolA (TolAIIHis), the TolB-porin complexes disappeared to form TolAIIHis-porin complexes. These results suggest that the interactions of TolA and TolB with porins might take place in vivo and might be concomitant events participating in porin assembly. They also suggest that the Tol system as a whole may be involved in porin assembly in the outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rigal
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et de Dynamique des Macromolécules, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
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39
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Letesson JJ, Tibor A, van Eynde G, Wansard V, Weynants V, Denoel P, Saman E. Humoral immune responses of Brucella-infected cattle, sheep, and goats to eight purified recombinant Brucella proteins in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 4:556-64. [PMID: 9302205 PMCID: PMC170595 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.5.556-564.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis research is currently focused on the identification of nonlipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens which could potentially be useful for the specific serologic diagnosis of brucellosis as well as for vaccinal prophylaxis. On the basis of previous reports, we selected eight Brucella proteins (OMP36, OMP25, OMP19, OMP16, OMP10, p17, p15, and p39) as candidate antigens to be further evaluated. The genes encoding these proteins were cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins were purified with a polyhistidine tag and metal chelate affinity chromatography and evaluated in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The specificity of the iELISA was determined with sera from healthy cattle, sheep, and goats and ranged from 95 to 99%, depending on the recombinant antigen and the species tested. Sera from experimentally infected, and from naturally infected, animals were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the iELISA. The antiprotein antibody response was often delayed when compared to the anti-smooth LPS (S-LPS) response and was limited to animals which developed an active brucellosis infection (experimentally infected pregnant animals and sheep and goats from areas where brucellosis is still endemic). Among the recombinant antigens, the three cytoplasmic proteins (p17, p15, and p39) gave the most useful results. More than 80% of the animals positive in S-LPS serology were also positive with one of these cytoplasmic proteins alone or a combination of two of them. None of the recombinant antigens detected experimentally infected nonpregnant cows and sheep or naturally infected cattle. This study is a first step towards the development of a multiprotein diagnostic reagent for brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Letesson
- URBM, Immunology Laboratory, FUNDP, Namur, Belgium.
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40
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Michaux-Charachon S, Bourg G, Jumas-Bilak E, Guigue-Talet P, Allardet-Servent A, O'Callaghan D, Ramuz M. Genome structure and phylogeny in the genus Brucella. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:3244-9. [PMID: 9150220 PMCID: PMC179103 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.10.3244-3249.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PacI and SpeI restriction maps were obtained for the two chromosomes of each of the six species of the genus Brucella: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, B. ovis, and B. neotomae. Three complementary techniques were used: hybridization with the two replicons as probes, cross-hybridization of restriction fragments, and a new mapping method. For each type strain, a unique I-SceI site was introduced in each of the two replicons, and the location of SpeI sites was determined by linearization at the unique site, partial digestion, and end labeling of the fragments. The restriction and genetic maps of the six species were highly conserved. However, numerous small insertions or deletions, ranging from 1 to 34 kb, were observed by comparison with the map of the reference strain of the genus, B. melitensis 16M. A 21-kb Spel fragment specific to B. ovis was found in the small chromosome of this species. A 640-kb inversion was demonstrated in the B. abortus small chromosome. All of these data allowed the construction of a phylogenetic tree, which reflects the traditional phenetic classification of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michaux-Charachon
- Unité 431, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nîmes, France
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41
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Lim A, De Vos D, Brauns M, Mossialos D, Gaballa A, Qing D, Cornells P. Molecular and immunological characterization of OprL, the 18 kDa outer-membrane peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1997; 143 ( Pt 5):1709-1716. [PMID: 9168620 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-143-5-1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunological screening of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa cosmid library led to the identification of clones producing an 18 kDa outer-membrane protein. This protein reacted in Western blots with a polyclonal antiserum against outer-membrane proteins of P. aeruginosa and with a monoclonal antibody (MA1-6) specific for OprL, the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein (PAL). Sequencing of pOML7, a subclone expressing oprL, revealed an ORF of 504 bp encoding a polypeptide with a typical lipoprotein signal recognition sequence. Another ORF was found upstream of oprL, with homology to the TolB protein of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. Downstream of oprL, a second ORF, of 321 bp, was found (orf2), encoding a protein with a signal peptide and with no homology with proteins of known biological function. After the stop codon of orf2, a rho-independent terminator sequence was detected which is part of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 insertion element IS222. OprL showed homologies with all known PALs from Gram-negative bacteria, especially in the C-terminal part. mAb MA1-6 reacted with P. aeruginosa cells in immunofluorescence, and with E. coli cells expressing oprL, which had an abnormal, elongated morphology, an indication that production of the protein perturbed the division process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lim
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Brauns
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Laboratorium Plantenfysiologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Ding Qing
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cornells
- Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Ultrastructure, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium
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42
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Denoel PA, Vo TK, Tibor A, Weynants VE, Trunde JM, Dubray G, Limet JN, Letesson JJ. Characterization, occurrence, and molecular cloning of a 39-kilodalton Brucella abortus cytoplasmic protein immunodominant in cattle. Infect Immun 1997; 65:495-502. [PMID: 9009303 PMCID: PMC176086 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.2.495-502.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera recognizing a 39-kDa protein (P39) of brucellin, a cytoplasmic extract from Brucella melitensis rough strain B115, were produced. The P39 was purified by anion-exchange chromatography. Eleven of fourteen Brucella-infected cows whose infections had been detected by the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test with brucellergen also developed a DTH reaction when purified P39 was used as the trigger. The T-cell proliferative responses to P39 of peripheral blood lymphocytes from Brucella-infected cows were also positive. None of the animals infected with other bacterial species that are presumed to induce immunological cross-reactions with Brucella spp. reacted to P39, either in DTH tests or in lymphocyte proliferation assays. A lambda gt11 genomic library of Brucella abortus was screened with a monoclonal antibody specific for P39, and the gene coding for this protein was subsequently isolated. The nucleotide sequence of the P39 gene was determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence is in accordance with the sequence of an internal peptide isolated from P39.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Denoel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium.
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43
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Splitter G, Oliveira S, Carey M, Miller C, Ko J, Covert J. T lymphocyte mediated protection against facultative intracellular bacteria. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 54:309-19. [PMID: 8988876 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immunity against intracellular bacteria is T cell dependent. T cells play a major role in protection against intracellular bacteria, but bacterial antigens recognized by T cells have been studied less extensively than bacterial antigens recognized by B cells. Using T lymphocytes from animals immunized against Brucella abortus, we have screened a bacterial genomic library for genes encoding antigens recognized by T cells. Lymphocytes that proliferated to B. abortus proteins were characterized for phenotype and cytokine activity. Bovine and murine lymphocytes recognized common bacterial antigens and possessed similar cytokine profiles, suggesting an analogous immune response in these two animal species. In vivo protection afforded by a particular cell type is dependent on the bacterial antigens presented and mechanisms of antigen presentation. MHC class I and class II gene knockout animals infected with B. abortus have demonstrated that protection to B. abortus is especially dependent on CD8+ T cells. Knowing the cells required for protection, vaccines can be designed to elicit the protective subset of lymphocytes. Currently, we are testing several recombinant B. abortus proteins using different immunization strategies. Finally, bacterial genes activated following intracellular phagocytosis are being examined using a novel, reporter system adapted to B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Splitter
- Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA
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44
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Abstract
A Pseudomonas putida oprL null mutant was generated with reverse genetics by using an in vitro-truncated oprL::xylE construct and in vivo allelic exchange. The nature of the mutation introduced in P. putida was confirmed by Southern blotting. Western blots (immunoblots) of peptidoglycan-associated proteins revealed that the OprL protein was not made in the mutant strain, whereas it was detectable as a 19-kDa band in protein preparations of the wild-type strain. The P. putida oprL, mutant exhibited altered cell morphology as revealed by electron microscopy and was more sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxycholate, and EDTA than the wild-type strain. The oprL gene was conserved in a wide variety of the Pseudomonas strains belonging to rRNA group I, which suggests that this gene is important for the maintenance of the cell envelope and cell morphology in this group of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rodríguez-Herva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifícas--Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
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45
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Frey J, Kuhnert P, Villiger L, Nicolet J. Cloning and characterization of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae outer membrane protein belonging to the family of PAL lipoproteins. Res Microbiol 1996; 147:351-61. [PMID: 8763621 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)84710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 14-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) was purified from Actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae serotype 2. The protein strongly reacts with sera from pigs experimentally or naturally infected with any of the 12 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae. The gene encoding this protein was isolated from a gene library of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 reference strain by immunoscreening. Expression of the cloned gene in Escherichia coli revealed that the protein is also located in the outer membrane fraction of the recombinant host. DNA sequence analysis of the gene reveals high similarity of the protein's amino acid sequence to that of the E. coli peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein PAL, to the Haemophilus influenzae OMP P6 and to related proteins of several other Gram-negative bacteria. We have therefore named the 14-kDa protein PalA, and its corresponding gene, palA. The 20 amino-terminal amino acid residues of PalA constitute a signal sequence characteristic of membrane lipoproteins of prokaryotes with a recognition site for the signal sequence peptidase II and a sorting signal for the final localization of the mature protein in the outer membrane. The DNA sequence upstream of palA contains an open reading frame which is highly similar to the E. coli tolB gene, indicating a gene cluster in A. pleuropneumoniae which is very similar to the E. coli tol locus. The palA gene is conserved and expressed in all A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes and in A. lignieresii. A very similar palA gene is present in A. suis and A. equuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frey
- Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Switzerland
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46
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Konkel ME, Mead DJ, Cieplak W. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a gene from Campylobacter jejuni encoding a protein (Omp18) with similarity to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins. Infect Immun 1996; 64:1850-3. [PMID: 8613402 PMCID: PMC174003 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.5.1850-1853.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A Campylobacter jejuni genomic plasmid library was screened with antiserum generated against whole C. jejuni, revealing two immunoreactive clones. Sequence analysis of the recombinant plasmids revealed a common open reading frame of 498 nucleotides encoding a protein of 165 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 18,018 Da. The recombinant product partitioned to the outer membrane fractions of Escherichia coli transformants and has been designated Omp18. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned C. jejuni gene exhibits considerable similarity to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins from other gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Konkel
- Department of Microbiology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA.
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47
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Rodríguez-Herva JJ, Ramos-Gonzalez MI, Ramos JL. The Pseudomonas putida peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein is involved in maintenance of the integrity of the cell cell envelope. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:1699-706. [PMID: 8626299 PMCID: PMC177856 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.6.1699-1706.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida 14G-3, a derivative of the natural soil inhabitant P. putida KT2440, exhibited a chromosomal insertion of a mini-Tn5/'phoA transposon that resulted in reduced ability to colonize soil. In vitro characterization of P. putida 14G-3 revealed that it exhibited an altered cell morphology and envelope, as revealed by electron microscopy. The derived strain was sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxycholate, and EDTA, produced clumps when it reached high cell densities in the late logarithmic growth phase, and did not grow on low-osmolarity medium. The P. putida DNA surrounding the mini-Tn5/'phoA insertion was cloned and used as a probe to rescue the wild-type gene, which was sequenced. Comparison of the deduced peptide sequence with sequences in the Swiss-Prot database allowed the knocked-out gene to be identified as that encoding the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal or OprL) of P. putida. The protein was identified in coupled transcription and translation assays in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rodríguez-Herva
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Granada, Spain
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48
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Tibor A, Saman E, de Wergifosse P, Cloeckaert A, Limet JN, Letesson JJ. Molecular characterization, occurrence, and immunogenicity in infected sheep and cattle of two minor outer membrane proteins of Brucella abortus. Infect Immun 1996; 64:100-7. [PMID: 8557326 PMCID: PMC173733 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.1.100-107.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of a Brucella abortus genomic library with two sets of monoclonal antibodies allowed the isolation of the genes corresponding to two minor outer membrane proteins (OMP10 and OMP19) found in this bacterial species. Sequence analysis of the omp10 gene revealed an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 126 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of the insert producing the OMP19 protein contains two overlapping open reading frames, the largest of which (177 codons) was shown to encode the protein of interest. Analysis of the N-terminal sequences of both putative proteins revealed features of a bacterial signal peptide, and homology to the bacterial lipoprotein processing sequence was also observed. Immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies specific for OMP10 or OMP19 showed that both proteins are present in the 34 Brucella strains tested, representing all six Brucella species and all their biovars. The OMP19 detected in the five Brucella ovis strains examined migrated at an apparent molecular weight that is slightly higher than those of the other Brucella species, confirming the divergence of B. ovis from these species. OMP10 and OMP19 were produced in recombinant Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity for serological analysis. A large fraction of sera from sheep naturally infected with Brucella melitensis were reactive with these proteins in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas sera from B. abortus-infected cattle were almost completely unreactive in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tibor
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Ghent, Belgium
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49
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Burnens A, Stucki U, Nicolet J, Frey J. Identification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of Campylobacter jejuni. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2826-32. [PMID: 8576327 PMCID: PMC228588 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.11.2826-2832.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli a gene encoding an 18-kDa outer membrane protein (Omp18) from Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding Omp18 was determined, and an open reading frame of 165 amino acids was revealed. The amino acid sequence had the typical features of a leader sequence and a signal peptidase II cleavage site at the N-terminal part of Omp18. Moreover, the sequence had a high degree of similarity to the peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein P6 of Haemophilus influenzae and the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein PAL of E. coli. Southern blot analysis in which the cloned gene was used as a probe revealed genes similar to that encoding Omp18 in all species of the thermophilic group of campylobacters as well as Campylobacter sputorum. All campylobacters tested expressed a protein with a molecular mass identical to that of Omp18. The protein reacted immunologically with polyclonal antibodies directed against Omp18 from C. jejuni. PCR amplification of the gene encoding Omp18 with specific primers and subsequent restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified DNA fragments showed that the gene for Omp18 is highly conserved in C. jejuni strains isolated from humans, dogs, cats, calves, and chickens but is different in other Campylobacter species. In order to obtain pure recombinant Omp18 protein for serological assays, the cloned gene for Omp18 was genetically modified by replacing the signal sequence with a DNA segment encoding six adjacent histidine residues. Expression of this construct in E. coli allowed purification of the modified protein (Omp18-6xHis) by metal chelation chromatography. Sera from patients with past C. jejuni infection reacted positively with Omp18-6xHis, while sera from healthy blood donors showed no reaction with this antigen. Omp18, which is an outer membrane protein belonging to the family of PALs is well conserved in C. jejuni and is highly immunogenic. It is therefore a good candidate as an antigen for the serological diagnosis of past C. jejuni infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burnens
- Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Switzerland
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50
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Hemmen F, Weynants V, Scarcez T, Letesson JJ, Saman E. Cloning and sequence analysis of a newly identified Brucella abortus gene and serological evaluation of the 17-kilodalton antigen that it encodes. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1995; 2:263-7. [PMID: 7664168 PMCID: PMC170142 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.2.3.263-267.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A thus far unknown gene encoding a Brucella abortus protein has been isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library probed with sera from Brucella-infected sheep. Sequence analysis of the cloned gene revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 158 amino acids encoding a protein of 17.3 kDa (calculated molecular mass). The recombinant B. abortus protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, and the corresponding Brucella melitensis protein migrated at the same apparent molecular masses as shown by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Among a series of serum samples from B. melitensis- or B. abortus-infected sheep and cows, 51 and 39%, respectively, showed a signal at 17 kDa on Western blot analysis of total protein extract from Brucella bacteria. These figures amount to 70 and 61% for sheep and cattle, respectively, in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a specific monoclonal antibody. These data indicate that the 17-kDa antigen may be useful for serological diagnosis of Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hemmen
- Innogenetics N.V., Ghent, Belgium
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