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Valdez-Cruz NA, Rosiles-Becerril D, Martínez-Olivares CE, García-Hernández E, Cobos-Marín L, Garzón D, López-Salas FE, Zavala G, Luviano A, Olvera A, Alagón A, Ramírez OT, Trujillo-Roldán MA. Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38321489 PMCID: PMC10848483 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that consider manufacturing limitations, equitable access, and acceptance is necessary for developing platforms to produce antigens that can be efficiently presented for generating neutralizing antibodies and as a model for new vaccines. RESULTS This work presents the development of an applicable technology through the oral administration of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen fused with a peptide to improve its antigenic presentation. We focused on the development and production of the recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) produced in E. coli modified with the addition of amino acids extension designed to improve antigen presentation. The production was carried out in shake flask and bioreactor cultures, obtaining around 200 mg/L of the antigen. The peptide-fused RBD and peptide-free RBD proteins were characterized and compared using SDS-PAGE gel, high-performance chromatography, and circular dichroism. The peptide-fused RBD was formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion for oral mice immunization. The peptide-fused RBD, compared to RBD, induced robust IgG production in mice, capable of recognizing the recombinant RBD in Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, the peptide-fused RBD generated neutralizing antibodies in the sera of the dosed mice. The formulation showed no reactive episodes and no changes in temperature or vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of the designed peptide added to the RBD to improve antigen immunostimulation by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Diego Rosiles-Becerril
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Constanza E Martínez-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Enrique García-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Cobos-Marín
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Garzón
- Unidad de Modelos Biológicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Francisco E López-Salas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Zavala
- Unidad de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Axel Luviano
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Olvera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Octavio T Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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Brendle SA, Li JJ, Walter V, Schell TD, Kozak M, Balogh KK, Lu S, Christensen ND, Zhu Y, El-Bayoumy K, Hu J. Immune Responses in Oral Papillomavirus Clearance in the MmuPV1 Mouse Model. Pathogens 2023; 12:1452. [PMID: 38133335 PMCID: PMC10745854 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced oropharyngeal cancer now exceeds HPV-induced cervical cancer, with a noticeable sex bias. Although it is well established that women have a more proficient immune system, it remains unclear whether immune control of oral papillomavirus infections differs between sexes. In the current study, we use genetically modified mice to target CCR2 and Stat1 pathways, with the aim of investigating the role of both innate and adaptive immune responses in clearing oral papillomavirus, using our established papillomavirus (MmuPV1) infection model. Persistent oral MmuPV1 infection was detected in Rag1ko mice with T and B cell deficiencies. Meanwhile, other tested mice were susceptible to MmuPV1 infections but were able to clear the virus. We found sex differences in key myeloid cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in the infected tongues of wild type and Stat1ko mice but these differences were not observed in CCR2ko mice. Intriguingly, we also observed a sex difference in anti-MmuPV1 E4 antibody levels, especially for two IgG isotypes: IgG2b and IgG3. However, we found comparable numbers of interferon-gamma-producing CD8 T cells stimulated by E6 and E7 in both sexes. These findings suggest that males and females may use different components of innate and adaptive immune responses to control papillomavirus infections in the MmuPV1 mouse model. The observed sex difference in immune responses, especially in myeloid cells including dendritic cell (DC) subsets, may have potential diagnostic and prognostic values for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, State College, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (M.K.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingwei J. Li
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, State College, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (M.K.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.W.); (K.E.-B.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Michael Kozak
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, State College, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (M.K.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Karla K. Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, State College, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (M.K.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Song Lu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, State College, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (M.K.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Yusheng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (V.W.); (K.E.-B.)
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, State College, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (M.K.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Srinivasa Reddy Y, Narendra Babu K, Qadri SSYH, Surekha MV, Dinesh Kumar B. An innovative method of nonclinical efficacy and toxicological evaluation of recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a expressing HPV16 and 18 L1 proteins. MethodsX 2021; 8:101219. [PMID: 34434742 PMCID: PMC8374194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancement in technology led to development of live attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a as enteric vector for expression of foreign proteins. Such vector platform is inevitable for development of vaccine candidate against human papilloma virus (HPV), the etiological agent of cervical cancer with high prevalence in developing nations. The high risk HPVs like type 16 and 18 contributes to 70% of cervical cancer, hence Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL), Hyderabad, India developed a recombinant HPV vaccine by introducing HPV 16 and 18 L1 protein coding genes into attenuated S. typhi Ty21a vector. Being a genetically engineered enteric vector vaccine, it would be less expensive, with an ease of oral administration, instead of injectable that needs trained personale, is an added advantage for low socioeconomic setup compared to existing HPV vaccines. Establishing the nonclinical efficacy and safety/toxicity as per the national/international regulatory guidelines has become major constrain for such recombinant S. typhi HPV (rSt.HPV) vaccine. Since, the intended clinical mode of rSt.HPV is through oral route, whereas the live attenuated S. typhi Ty21a doesn't colonize in gut of laboratory animals to be used for nonclinical experiments. Hence, an alternate and unconventional method of ‘intranasal drug testing’, was followed for nonclinical efficacy and toxicity evaluations. An array of parameters specified by regulatory agencies were investigated in mice, rat and rabbits administered with rSt.HPV through, intra-peritoneal, intranasal and oral routes, the intended clinical route.Current unconventional and innovative nonclinical testing procedures helps in exploring the alternate methods by pharmacologist/toxicologist. Ultimately, such new drugs developed through technology must serve the humankind justifying the guidelines of regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yathapu Srinivasa Reddy
- Advanced Centre for Preclinical Toxicology Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad - 500007
| | - K Narendra Babu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad - 500007
| | - S S Y H Qadri
- Animal Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad - 500007
| | - M V Surekha
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad - 500007
| | - B Dinesh Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Preclinical Toxicology Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad - 500007
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Srinivasa Reddy Y, Narendra Babu K, Uday Kumar P, Qadri SSYH, Surekha MV, Dinesh Kumar B. Toxicological data of rats and rabbits: Sub-chronic testing of recombinant HPV vaccine through oral and intranasal routes. Data Brief 2021; 36:107100. [PMID: 34095368 PMCID: PMC8166756 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Current article illustrates the data of body weight, biochemical, haematological profile, and organ weights of rats and rabbits administered with recombinant human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, along with genotoxicity effect. The data was collected from nonclinical safety/toxicity and immune response evaluations of recombinant Salmonella typhi expressing the HPV 16 and 18 L1 proteins as vaccine. The intended clinical route of vaccine administration is through oral route, whereas it is established fact that attenuated S. typhi could not colonize in laboratory animals. In view of this it is challenging to undertake the nonclinical safety/toxicity evaluations following the regulatory guidelines. Hence sub chronic safety/toxicity testing was carried out in rat and rabbits by administration of HPV vaccine through oral (intended clinical route) and innovative intranasal routes. The prophylactic dose derived from adult human clinical dose (2 × 109CFU/70 kg) was administered to SD rats (PD: 0.18 × 109CFU/kg) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (PD: 0.09 × 109CFU/kg) through oral and intranasal routes. Similarly, average dose (AD:5xPD) was administered to rats (AD:0.9 × 109CFU/kg) and rabbits (AD: 0.45 × 109CFU/kg) through intranasal route only. The repeated doses were administered on 3rd and 5th days of post-exposure of 1st dose through specified routes and test compound effects in relation with time of exposure was assessed by euthanizing animals and data collection at different time points i.e. 15th (25% of animals), 29th (25% of animals) and 93rd days (50% of animals) of post-exposure of 1st dose. The retro-orbital plexus blood was collected before euthanizing animals to unveil the biochemical and haematological profile. The data on genotoxicity effect of test compound, if any, was obtained by assessing the bone-marrow micronucleus assay. The immune response and allergenicity in terms of specific IgG and IgE levels against HPV 16 and 18 L1 proteins were determined in mice. The raw data of various parameters collected at different time points were compiled and computed according to the groups. The haematological profile and organ weights data can be used as reference data for SD rats and NZW rabbits for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Srinivasa Reddy
- Advanced Centre for Preclinical Toxicology Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Narendra Babu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - P Uday Kumar
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S S Y H Qadri
- Animal Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - M V Surekha
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - B Dinesh Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Preclinical Toxicology Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Srinivasa Reddy Y, Narendra Babu K, Uday Kumar P, Harishankar N, Qadri SSYH, Surekha MV, Hemalatha R, Dinesh Kumar B. Nonclinical safety evaluation of oral recombinant anti-human papilloma virus vaccine (RHPV 16 & 18): Regulatory toxicology studies in mice, rats and rabbits - An innovative approach. Vaccine 2020; 39:853-863. [PMID: 33388175 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and 18 causes nearly 70% of uterine cervical cancers. Oral administration of live Salmonella typhi Ty21a, expressing major capsid proteins (L1) of HPV 16 and 18 is a potential choice for immunization in adolescent girls under low resource settings. Present study aimed to assess the nonclinical safety of recombinant S. typhi expressing HPV 16 and 18 (rStHPV) proteins. METHODOLOGY The acute toxicity of rStHPV was tested by intranasal single dose administration, of 10 and 50 folds higher than clinical prophylactic dose, in mice and rat followed by monitoring their survival for 14 days. Sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated in rats and rabbits with prophylactic and 5 times (average) to clinical prophylactic dosages on scheduled days (1st, 3rd & 5th day) through oral and intranasal routes. The immune/allergic response of rStHPV was assessed in mice through intranasal and intra-peritoneal routes. Experimental animals were daily monitored for live phase, and clinical chemistry, haematology, immunotoxicology, immunogenic response and histopathological examination of vital organs on 15th, 29th and 93rd days. RESULTS No abnormal changes were noticed in live phase activity, clinical chemistry and haematology profile. The gross necropsy, organ weights and histopathology were found to be normal. No immunotoxicity was recorded as evaluated by tier I tests. Allergic immune response, as evaluated with IgE levels was also negative irrespective of test routes. On the other hand, a significant (P < 0.01) increase of anti-HPV IgG levels was noted in mice exposed through intranasal route. Though the pre-terminal mortality was noted in mice (6-15%), rats (10%) and rabbits (15%), the autopsy revealed no signs of toxicity related to rStHPV, as the changes neither significant nor dose dependent; and even noted in vehicle control also. CONCLUSION The study results suggested 'no observable adverse effects' of rStHPV even at higher dosages (5, 10 & 50 folds) than intended clinical dose. A significant increase of anti-HPV specific IgG suggests the immunogenicity of vaccine. The innovative approach of current study is nonclinical toxicology evaluation of vaccine through intra-nasal route, an alternate route apart from stipulated regulatory guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Srinivasa Reddy
- Advanced Centre for Preclinical Toxicology Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Narendra Babu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - P Uday Kumar
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - N Harishankar
- Animal Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S S Y H Qadri
- Animal Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - M V Surekha
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - R Hemalatha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - B Dinesh Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Preclinical Toxicology Studies, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Park YC, Ouh YT, Sung MH, Park HG, Kim TJ, Cho CH, Park JS, Lee JK. A phase 1/2a, dose-escalation, safety and preliminary efficacy study of oral therapeutic vaccine in subjects with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3. J Gynecol Oncol 2020; 30:e88. [PMID: 31576684 PMCID: PMC6779607 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent infection of HPV increases the chance of carcinoma in situ of cervix through stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, and 3, and finally progresses into cervical cancer. We aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of BLS-M07 which is orally administered agent expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 antigen on the surface of Lactobacillus casei in patients with CIN 3. METHODS Patients with CIN 3 were recruited in our clinical trial. Reid Colposcopic Index (RCI) grading and serum HPV16 E7 specific antibody production were used to evaluate efficacy of BLS-M07. In phase 1, BLS-M07 was administered orally, 5 times a week, on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 with dosages of 500 mg, 1,000 mg, and 1,500 mg. In phase 2a, patients were treated with 1,000 mg. The primary endpoints were the safety and the pathologic regression on colposcopic biopsy. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled in the CIN 3 cohort. In phase 1, no patients experienced dose limiting toxicity. No grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events or deaths were observed. At 16 weeks after treatment, RCI grading was improved and serum HPV16 E7 specific antibody production increased (p<0.05). Six of 8 (75%) patients with CIN 3 were cured in phase 2a. CONCLUSIONS Oral immunization with BLS-M07 increases production of serum HPV16 E7 specific antibody which induces protective humoral immunity. The safety of this oral vaccine was proved and could be a competitive non-surgical therapeutic agent of CIN 3. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02195089.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yung Taek Ouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Hee Sung
- BioLeaders Corporation, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tae Jin Kim
- General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Heum Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee B, Jo E, Yoon HY, Yoon CJ, Lee H, Kwon KC, Kim TW, Lee J. Nonimmunogenetic Viral Capsid Carrier with Cancer Targeting Activity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800494. [PMID: 30128257 PMCID: PMC6097151 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although protein nanoparticles (PNPs) (e.g., viral capsids) capable of delivering a broad range of drug agents have shown distinctive advantages over synthetic nanomaterials, PNPs have an intrinsic drawback that hampers their clinical application, that is, potential immunogenicity. Here, a novel method for resolving the immunogenicity problem of PNPs, which is based on the genetic presentation of albumin-binding peptides (ABPs) on the surface of PNP, is reported. ABPs are inserted into the surface of a viral capsid (hepatitis B virus capsid/HBVC) while preserving the native self-assembly function of HBVC. The ABPs effectively gather human serum albumins around HBVC and significantly reduce both inflammatory response and immunoglobulin titer in live mice compared to ABP-free HBVC. Furthermore, ABP-conjugated HBVCs remain within tumors for a longer period than HBVCs conjugated to tumor cell receptor-bindingpeptides, indicating that the ABPs are also capable of enhancing tumor-targeting performance. Although applied to HBVC for proof of concept, this novel approach may provide a general platform for resolving immunogenicity and cancer-targeting problems of PNPs, which enables the development of a variety of PNP-based drug delivery carriers with high safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Ram Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for TheragnosisBiomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology39‐1 Hawolgok‐dong, Seongbuk‐guSeoul136‐791Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Joo Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jung Lee
- Division of Infection and ImmunologyGraduate School of MedicineKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
| | - Koo Chul Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Division of Infection and ImmunologyGraduate School of MedicineKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKorea UniversityAnam‐Ro 145Seoul136‐713Republic of Korea
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Akuzum B, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Hong J, Lee S, Kim E, Kim J, Choi Y, Jhun H, Lee Y, Kim H, Sohn DH, Kim S. L1 Recombinant Proteins of HPV Tested for Antibody Forming Using Sera of HPV Quadrivalent Vaccine. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e19. [PMID: 29984037 PMCID: PMC6026689 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 capsid proteins were used for HPV quadrivalent recombinant vaccine. The HPV quadrivalent vaccine is administrated in a 3-dose regimen of initial injection followed by subsequent doses at 2 and 6 months to prevent cervical cancer, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. The type 6, 11, 16, or 18 of HPV infection is associated with precancerous lesions and genital warts in adolescents and young women. The HPV vaccine is composed of viral L1 capsid proteins are produced in eukaryotic expression systems and purified in the form of VLPs. Four different the L1 protein of 3 different subtypes of HPV: HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18 were expressed in Escherichia coli divided into 2 fragments as N- and C-terminal of each protein in order to examine the efficacy of HPV vaccine. Vaccinated sera failed to recognize N-terminal L1 HPV type 16 and type 18 by western blot while they detected N-terminal L1 protein of HPV type 11. Moreover, the recombinant C-terminal L1 proteins of type 16 was non-specifically recognized by the secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. This expression and purification system may provide simple method to obtain robust recombinant L1 protein of HPV subtypes to improve biochemical analysis of antigens with immunized sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Akuzum
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Tam Thanh Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Jeawoo Hong
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeook Choi
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea.,Research Group of Nutraceuticals for Metabolic Syndrome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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9
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Lalsiamthara J, Kim JH, Lee JH. Engineering of a rough auxotrophic mutant Salmonella Typhimurium for effective delivery. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25441-25457. [PMID: 29876000 PMCID: PMC5986645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Live Salmonella vaccine vectors offer a remarkable platform for delivering immunogens and therapeutic molecules by mimicking natural intracellular infections; however, pre-existing anti-vector immunity can impede effective deployment. Measures to alleviate pre-existing immunity include the use of heterologous vectors, development of highly attenuated strain enabling greater payload, removal of major immunoreactive components from the vector, and/or augmentation of delivered antigens via increased presentation in antigen presenting cells. Here we report a Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) vector-JOL1800 that embodies these requisite properties. JOL1800 is a highly attenuated, auxotrophic, and O-antigen deficient rough-mutant strain. Heterologous bacterial and viral antigens were expressed and delivered using JOL1800 in mice, irrespective of the inoculation route successful inductions of the mucosal and systemic humoral responses were observed. Compared to smooth LPS vector delivery, we observed an increased fraction of delivered-antigen presenting dendritic cells and a higher frequency of delivered-antigen displayed per macrophage. Upon post-priming with JOL1800 delivery, efficacy of the delivery was minimally affected as indicated by insignificant decrease in colonization, humoral and cellular responses. Our results show that the generated vector is capable of remote antigen delivery, manifests higher antigen presentation, is Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) capable, evades normal pre-existing immunity, and can be deployed for effective delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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10
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Mohit E, Nasr R, Ghazvini K, Bandegi AR, Akbari Eidgahi MR. Evaluation of the Effect of Promoter Type on the Immunogenicity of the Live Recombinant Salmonella Vaccines Expressing Escherichia Coli Heat-labile Enterotoxins (LTB). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:98-110. [PMID: 31086557 PMCID: PMC6447867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhoea is the second most common cause of death in children in the developing countries. Heat labile toxin (LT) is responsible for ETEC-induced diarrhoea. In the present study, a novel live ETEC vaccine based on subunit B of LT (LTB) expression in attenuated PhoPc Salmonella strain was developed. Herein, we aimed to compare the in-vitro activity of promoters including constitutive tac, IPTG inducible trc, and in-vivo-inducible (nirB and nirB78-23) in PhoPc. Additionally, the ability of these recombinant PhoPc/pLTBs to induce LTB-specific antibody responses in BALB/c mice after nasal immunization was evaluated. In-vitro studies demonstrated that PhoPc has the ability to produce rLTB. Furthermore, nirB promoter directed significantly more LTB expression in PhoPc/pnirBLTB under anaerobic condition without induction compared to the amount of rLTB secreted by PhoPc/ptrcLTB in bacterial soup under uninduced condition (6.06 ± 0.05 vs. 1.4 ± 0.46 μg/109 cfu, p < 0.01). In addition, the constitutive rLTB expression from tac promoter was more than its expression from uninduced trc promoter in bacterial soup (4.2 ± 0.92 vs. 1.4 ± 0.46 (μg/109 cfu)) and pellet (27.4 ± 0.89 vs. 13.4 ± 1.42 (μg/109 cfu), p < 0.0001). However, the mice immunized with PhoPc/ptrcLTB elicited the superior anti-LTB responses among the PhoPc containing the examined prompters, which were significantly higher than those induced by PhoPc/pnirB78-23LTB and PhoPc/pnirB, 6 weeks after the first immunization. Totally, it could be concluded that in-vitro analysis of promoters for LTB expression in PhoPc may not necessarily predict the recombinant PhoPc immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Nasr
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnolog, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Biotechnolog, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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11
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Kamble NM, Hyoung KJ, Lee JH. Live-attenuated auxotrophic mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium expressing immunogenic HA1 protein enhances immunity and protective efficacy against H1N1 influenza virus infection. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:739-752. [PMID: 28594235 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (JOL912) as a live bacterial vaccine vector. MATERIALS & METHODS The JOL912 engineered to deliver HA1 protein from influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; PR8) virus was coined as JOL1635 and further evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy. RESULTS The JOL1635 stably harbored the HA1 gene within pMMP65 plasmid with periplasmic expression and effective delivery of HA1 protein to RAW264.7 cells. The JOL1635 immunized chickens showed the significant increase in HA1-specific IgG, sIgA antibody, IFN-γ, IL-6 cytokine and cellular immune responses. The postoral challenge, the JOL1635-immunized chickens showed a faster clearance of PR8 virus cloacal shedding than the control group. CONCLUSION Generated JOL1635 can establish specific immunogenicity and protection against the PR8 virus in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Machindra Kamble
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Je Hyoung
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
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12
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Domingos-Pereira S, Cesson V, Chevalier MF, Derré L, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Preclinical efficacy and safety of the Ty21a vaccine strain for intravesical immunotherapy of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1265720. [PMID: 28197393 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1265720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravesical Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy can reduce recurrence/progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), although significant adverse events and treatment failure argue for alternative options. Here, we examined whether another attenuated live vaccine, Vivotif/Ty21a, used since more than 30 y against typhoid fever, may be safely used intravesically to improve bladder-tumor treatment. Mice-bearing MB49 orthotopic bladder-tumors treated with intravesical Ty21a or BCG were compared for survival and bacteria recovery. Both Ty21a and BCG enhanced mice survival when treating just after tumor implantation for 4 weeks (p = 0.008 and 0.04, respectively), but only Ty21a was effective when treating once mice with larger already established bladder-tumors (p = 0.0003). In contrast to BCG, no Ty21a bacteria survived in mouse bladder, human urothelial cell-lines or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, Ty21a was as potent as BCG to induce tumor-cell death in vitro. In a human, 3D-bladder-tissue ex-vivo assay, Ty21a bacteria, still not surviving, induced a panel of cytokines associated with effective BCG-treatment in patient's urine. Overall, our pre-clinical data demonstrate that intravesical Ty21a is more effective than BCG for bladder-tumor treatment. Absence of surviving Ty21a bacteria and the excellent safety-record of the typhoid vaccine support its testing in NMIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Cesson
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu F Chevalier
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois , Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Devaraj K, Gillison ML, Wu TC. Development of HPV Vaccines for HPV-associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:345-62. [PMID: 14530303 DOI: 10.1177/154411130301400505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV type 16, are found in a distinct subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Thus, these HPV-associated HNSCC may be prevented or treated by vaccines designed to induce appropriate HPV virus-specific immune responses. Infection by HPV may be prevented by neutralizing antibodies specific for the viral capsid proteins. In clinical trials, vaccines comprised of HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) have shown great promise as prophylactic HPV vaccines. However, given that capsid proteins are not expressed at detectable levels by infected basal keratinocytes, vaccines with therapeutic potential must target other non-structural viral antigens. Two HPV oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7, are important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation and are co-expressed in the majority of HPV-containing carcinomas. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines targeting these proteins may have potential to control HPV-associated malignancies. Various candidate therapeutic HPV vaccines are currently being tested whereby E6 and/or E7 is administered in live vectors, in peptides or protein, in nucleic acid form, as components of chimeric VLPs, or in cell-based vaccines. Encouraging results from experimental vaccination systems in animal models have led to several prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine clinical trials. Should they fulfill their promise, these vaccines may prevent HPV infection or control its potentially life-threatening consequences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Devaraj
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 512, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Steller
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02135-2997
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15
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Ilic V, Dunet V, Le Pape A, Buchs M, Kosinski M, Bischof Delaloye A, Gerber S, Prior JO. SPECT/CT study of bronchial deposition of inhaled particles. A human aerosol vaccination model against HPV. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55:203-8. [PMID: 27440125 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0811-16-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vaccination by aerosol inhalation can be used to efficiently deliver antigen against HPV to mucosal tissue, which is particularly useful in developing countries (simplicity of administration, costs, no need for cold chain). For optimal immunological response, vaccine particles should preferentially be delivered to proximal bronchial airways. We aimed at quantifying the deposition of inhaled particles in central airways and peripheral lung, and to assess administration biosafety. Participants, methods: 20 healthy volunteers (13W/7M, aged 24±4y) performed a 10-min free-breathing inhalation of (99m)Tc-stannous chloride colloid aerosol (450 MBq) in a buffer solution without vaccinal particles using an ultrasonic nebulizer (mass median aerodynamic diameter 4.2 μm) and a double mask inside a biosafety cabinet dedicated to assess environmental particle release. SPECT/CT and whole-body planar scintigraphy were acquired to determine whole-body and regional C/P distribution ratio (central-to-peripheral pulmonary deposition counts). Using a phantom, SPECT sensitivity was calibrated to obtain absolute pulmonary activity deposited by inhalation. RESULTS All participants successfully performed the inhalation that was well tolerated (no change in pulmonary peak expiratory flow rate, p = 0.9). It was environmentally safe (no activity released in the biosafety filter.) 1.3±0.6% (range 0.4-2.6%) of the total nebulizer activity was deposited in the lungs with a C/P distribution ratio of 0.40±0.20 (range 0.15-1.14). CONCLUSION Quantification and regional distribution of inhaled particles in an aerosolized vaccine model is possible using radioactive particles. This will allow optimizing deposition parameters and determining the particles charge for active-particles vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John O Prior
- Prof. John O. Prior, PhD MD, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, Tel. +41/21/314 43-48, Fax -49,
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16
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Yan X, Wang D, Liang F, Fu L, Guo C. HPV16L1-attenuated Shigella recombinant vaccine induced strong vaginal and systemic immune responses in guinea pig model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3491-8. [PMID: 25483698 DOI: 10.4161/hv.36084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) have excellent protective effect against HPV-induced cervical cancer, they are too expensive to be afforded by the developing countries, where most cases of cervical cancer occur. A live bacterial-based vaccine could be an inexpensive alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of live attenuated Shigella. flexneri 2a sc602 strain-based HPV16L1 as a high-efficiency, low-cost HPV16L1 mucosal vaccine. Recombinant sc602/L1 vaccine induced high L1-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses as well as cell-mediated Th1 and Th2 immune responses in guinea pig model. Sc602/L1 vaccine induced higher L1-specific IgG and IgA antibodies as well as HPV16-neutralizing antibodies in genital region in sc602/L1 mucosal immunized animals than in L1 intramuscular immunized animals. Though both are via mucosal delivery, immunized sc602/L1 vaccine by rectum route induced higher L1-specific IgA and IgG titers in genital region than by conjunctiva route. In addition, sc602/L1 also strongly increased L1-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 expression, implying its effect on cell-mediated immune response. HPV16L1 was expressed in sc602 bacteria and their biologic characteristics were detected by immunoblot, electron microscope and HeLa cell invasion assay. Guinea pigs were immunized with sc602L1 through conjunctiva (i.c.) or rectum (i.r.). Mucosal and systemic immune responses were detected by ELISA, ELISPOT and Neutralization activity assays. Strong mucosal and systemic immune responses were induced by sc602/L1 vaccine. This study provides evidence that sc602/L1 vaccine may have protective effect on HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yan
- a Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology ; Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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17
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Nizard M, Diniz MO, Roussel H, Tran T, Ferreira LC, Badoual C, Tartour E. Mucosal vaccines: novel strategies and applications for the control of pathogens and tumors at mucosal sites. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2175-87. [PMID: 25424921 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system displays several adaptations reflecting the exposure to the external environment. The efficient induction of mucosal immune responses also requires specific approaches, such as the use of appropriate administration routes and specific adjuvants and/or delivery systems. In contrast to vaccines delivered via parenteral routes, experimental, and clinical evidences demonstrated that mucosal vaccines can efficiently induce local immune responses to pathogens or tumors located at mucosal sites as well as systemic response. At least in part, such features can be explained by the compartmentalization of mucosal B and T cell populations that play important roles in the modulation of local immune responses. In the present review, we discuss molecular and cellular features of the mucosal immune system as well as novel immunization approaches that may lead to the development of innovative and efficient vaccines targeting pathogens and tumors at different mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevyn Nizard
- a INSERM U970; Universite Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris-Cité; Paris, France
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18
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 101:231-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Hoan TD, Thao DT, Gadahi JA, Song X, Xu L, Yan R, Li X. Analysis of humoral immune response and cytokines in chickens vaccinated with Eimeria brunetti apical membrane antigen-1 (EbAMA1) DNA vaccine. Exp Parasitol 2014; 144:65-72. [PMID: 24815774 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the changes of cytokines, specific serum IgG and several parameters in chickens vaccinated with DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria brunetti apical membrane antigen-1 (EbAMA1) antigen. Two-week-old chickens were divided into five groups (four groups for experiment) randomly. Experimental groups of chickens were immunized with DNA vaccine while control group of chickens were injected with pVAX1 plasmid alone or TE buffer solution. All immunizations were boosted 2 weeks later. The EbAMA1 specific IgG antibody responses were measured at weeks 1-6 post-second immunizations and several parameters were also identified. The result showed that the antibody titers in chickens vaccinated with DNA vaccines were significantly different from those of the control groups 1 week after the second immunization and reached the maximum values 3 weeks post-second immunization. IFN-γ concentration was increased the highest level against EbAMA1 of all chickens vaccinated with vaccines up to 56-fold, follow by the specific IgG antibody levels were increased 10-17-fold compared with those of TE solution and plasmid (pVAX1) control chickens 1-6 weeks post-second immunization. In case of the levels of IL-10 and IL-17 was increased in experimental chickens with 4-5-fold. Even though it was statistically significant, TGF-β and IL-4 levels were higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated chickens. The results suggested that DNA vaccines encoding E. brunetti apical membrane antigen-1 (EbAMA1) could increase serum specific IgG antibody and cytokines concentration and could give protection against E. brunetti infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Duc Hoan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Bacgiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Vietyen District, Bacgiang Province, Viet Nam
| | - Doan Thi Thao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Javaid Ali Gadahi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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20
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Maclean J, Rybicki EP, Williamson AL. Vaccination strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:97-107. [PMID: 15757442 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is an essential step in the multistep process leading to cervical cancer. There are approximately 120 different types of HPV identified: of these, 18 are high-risk types associated with cervical cancer, with HPV-16 being the dominant type in most parts of the world. The major capsid protein of papillomavirus, produced in a number of expression systems, self assembles to form virus-like particles. Virus-like particles are the basis of the first generation of HPV vaccines presently being tested in clinical trials. Virus-like particles are highly immunogenic and afford protection from infection both in animal models and in Phase IIb clinical trials. A number of Phase III trials are in progress to determine if the vaccine will protect against cervical disease and, in some cases, genital warts. However, it is predicted that these vaccines will be too expensive for the developing world, where they are desperately needed. Another problem is that they will be type specific. Novel approaches to the production of virus-like particles in plants, second-generation vaccine approaches including viral and bacterial vaccine vectors and DNA vaccines, as well as different routes of immunization, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Maclean
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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21
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Xu D, Wang D, Yang X, Cao M, Yu J, Wang Y. Fusion of HPV L1 into Shigella surface IcsA: a new approach in developing live attenuated Shigella-HPV vaccine. Antiviral Res 2013; 102:61-9. [PMID: 24333518 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccines in prevention of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, extraordinary high cost for the complete vaccination has impeded widespread use of the vaccine in resource-poor countries, where cervical cancers impose greater challenge. Presentation of HPV L1 protein by attenuated pathogenic bacteria through natural infection provides a promising low-cost and convenient alternative. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of attenuated L1-expressing Shigella vaccine candidate, by fusion of L1 into the autotransporter of Shigella sonnei, IcsA, an essential virulence factor responsible for actin-based motility. The functional α domain of IcsA was replaced by codon-optimized L1 gene with independent open reading frames (ORFs) facilitated by suicide vector pJCB12. The L1 gene was stabilized in the genome of recombinant S. sonnei with protein expression and assembly of VLPs in the bacterial cytoplasm. Through conjunctival route vaccination in guinea pigs, L1-containing S. sonnei was able to elicit specific immune response to HPV16 L1 VLP as well as bacterial antigens. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the novel stratagem to develop prophylactic Shigella-HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Depu Wang
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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22
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Vacher G, Kaeser MD, Moser C, Gurny R, Borchard G. Recent Advances in Mucosal Immunization Using Virus-like Particles. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1596-609. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Vacher
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Sathish K, Sriraman R, Subramanian BM, Rao NH, Balaji K, Narasu ML, Srinivasan VA. Plant expressed EtMIC2 is an effective immunogen in conferring protection against chicken coccidiosis. Vaccine 2011; 29:9201-8. [PMID: 21986219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an economically important disease affecting poultry industry and remains one of the major problems globally. Developing a cost effective sub-unit vaccine may help mitigate loss in the industry. Here, we report expressing one of the microneme proteins, EtMIC2 from Eimeria tenella in tobacco using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. The ability of plant expressed recombinant EtMIC2 in eliciting both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were measured in the immunized birds. The protective efficacy in the vaccinated birds against a homologous challenge was also evaluated. Birds immunized with plant expressed EtMIC2 showed good sero-conversion, reduced oocyst output and increased weight gain when compared to control birds. Our data indicate that use of plant expressed recombinant EtMIC2 in birds was safe and had the potential in imparting partial protection in chickens against homologous challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Chickens/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Coccidiosis/immunology
- Coccidiosis/prevention & control
- Coccidiosis/veterinary
- Eimeria tenella/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization/veterinary
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Oocysts
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/prevention & control
- Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sathish
- Research & Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
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24
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Rao NH, Babu PB, Rajendra L, Sriraman R, Pang YYS, Schiller JT, Srinivasan V. Expression of codon optimized major capsid protein (L1) of human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 in Pichia pastoris; purification and characterization of the virus-like particles. Vaccine 2011; 29:7326-34. [PMID: 21803095 PMCID: PMC3507537 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major capsid protein (L1) of human papillomaviruses (HPV) expressed in heterologous systems assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs). We report cloning and expression of codon optimized HPV L1 genes of the two high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 in methylotropic yeast, Pichia pastoris. The VLPs produced in P. pastoris were subjected to three step purification method involving density gradient centrifugations and size exclusion chromatography. The enriched VLPs were characterized using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies in ELISA and by transmission electron microscopy. Mice immunized with a bivalent HPV16 and HPV18 VLPs developed high serum antibody titers to both HPV types that persisted for 190 days post vaccination. Serum of mice immunized with the HPV-VLP preparations could neutralize homologous pseudoviruses in an in vitro assays. Our results demonstrate that the L1 proteins expressed in P. pastoris fold properly as evidenced by assembly into VLPs and induction of type-specific neutralizing antibody response in mice. This work constitutes a step towards developing an alternate production platform for generating an affordable HPV vaccine to meet the needs of developing countries.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/chemistry
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- HEK293 Cells
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
- Human papillomavirus 18/genetics
- Human papillomavirus 18/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Pichia/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Hanumantha Rao
- Research & Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P. Baji Babu
- Research & Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - L. Rajendra
- Research & Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R. Sriraman
- Research & Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yuk-Ying S. Pang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - V.A. Srinivasan
- Research & Development Centre, Indian Immunologicals Limited, Rakshapuram, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India
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25
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A murine genital-challenge model is a sensitive measure of protective antibodies against human papillomavirus infection. J Virol 2011; 85:13253-9. [PMID: 21976653 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06093-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The available virus-like particle (VLP)-based prophylactic vaccines against specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types afford close to 100% protection against the type-associated lesions and disease. Based on papillomavirus animal models, it is likely that protection against genital lesions in humans is mediated by HPV type-restricted neutralizing antibodies that transudate or exudate at the sites of genital infection. However, a correlate of protection was not established in the clinical trials because few disease cases occurred, and true incident infection could not be reliably distinguished from the emergence or reactivation of prevalent infection. In addition, the current assays for measuring vaccine-induced antibodies, even the gold standard HPV pseudovirion (PsV) in vitro neutralization assay, may not be sensitive enough to measure the minimum level of antibodies needed for protection. Here, we characterize the recently developed model of genital challenge with HPV PsV and determine the minimal amounts of VLP-induced neutralizing antibodies that can afford protection from genital infection in vivo after transfer into recipient mice. Our data show that serum antibody levels >100-fold lower than those detectable by in vitro PsV neutralization assays are sufficient to confer protection against an HPV PsV genital infection in this model. The results clearly demonstrate that, remarkably, the in vivo assay is substantially more sensitive than in vitro PsV neutralization and thus may be better suited for studies to establish correlates of protection.
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26
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Lee TY, Kim YH, Lee KS, Kim JK, Lee IH, Yang JM, Sung MH, Park JS, Poo H. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6-specific antitumor immunity is induced by oral administration of HPV16 E6-expressing Lactobacillus casei in C57BL/6 mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1727-37. [PMID: 20706715 PMCID: PMC7079958 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given that local cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 (HPV16 E6) protein is important for eradication of HPV16 E6-expressing cancer cells in the cervical mucosa, the HPV16 E6 protein may be a target for the mucosal immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Here, we expressed the HPV16 E6 antigen on Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and investigated E6-specific CMI following oral administration of the L. casei-PgsA-E6 to mice. Surface expression of HPV16 E6 antigens was confirmed and mice were orally inoculated with the L. casei-PgsA or the L. casei-PgsA-E6. Compared to the L. casei-PgsA-treated mice, significantly higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal IgA were observed in L. casei-PgsA-E6-immunized mice; these differences were significantly enhanced after boost. Consistent with this, systemic and local CMI were significantly increased after the boost, as shown by increased counts of IFN-γ-secreting cells in splenocytes, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and vaginal samples. Furthermore, in the TC-1 tumor model, animals receiving the orally administered L. casei-PgsA-E6 showed reduced tumor size and increased survival rate versus mice receiving control (L. casei-PgsA) immunization. We also found that L. casei-PgsA-E6-induced antitumor effect was decreased by in vivo depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the oral administration of lactobacilli bearing the surface-displayed E6 protein induces T cell-mediated cellular immunity and antitumor effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Lee
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 305-806 Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 305-806 Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 305-806 Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 305-806 Korea
| | | | - Jai-Myung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Sung
- Department of Bio and Nanochemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, 305-806 Korea
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27
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Chen HS, Bromberg-White J, Conway MJ, Alam S, Meyers C. Study of infectious virus production from HPV18/16 capsid chimeras. Virology 2010; 405:289-99. [PMID: 20598725 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using the HPV18 genome as the backbone, we exchanged the HPV18 L2 or L1 genes with those of HPV16. The intertypical exchange of HPV18 L1 with the HPV16 L1 produced genomes that efficiently replicated and produced infectious virus. Genomes containing an intertypical exchange of HPV18 L2 for the HPV16 L2 failed to produce infectious virus in multiple independently derived cell lines. Using chimeric constructs of individual capsid proteins, we identified a type-specific domain at the N-terminus of the HPV18L1 capsid protein, which interferes with its ability to cooperate with the HPV16 L2 protein to form infectious viral particles. Deletion of this domain allows for the cooperation of the HPV18 L1 protein and HPV16 L2 protein and production of infectious progeny. In addition, cooperation of this N-terminal HPV18 L1 deletion mutant protein with the wild-type HPV18 L2 protein efficiently replicates infectious virus but changes occur in the viral structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horng-Shen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology H107, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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28
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Fu J, Bian G, Zhao B, Dong Z, Sun X, Chen F, Ou L, Song H. Enhancing efficacy and mucosa-tropic distribution of an oral HIV-PsV DNA vaccine in animal models. J Drug Target 2010; 17:803-12. [PMID: 19863197 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903089768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A strategy combined the oral delivery route and bovine papillomavirus (BPV) pseudovirus (PsV)-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccine, which has been proven to enhance the mucosal immunization compared with the systemic immunization and in general does not induce effective mucosal immune responses. In this study, the immune responses against the BPV expressing HIV gp41 epitopes (ELDKWA, NWFDIT) after oral administration in Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assessed, and the biodistribution of plasmid DNA encapsulated in the papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) were evaluated in murine models. Results showed that oral immunization with the HIV-PsV DNA vaccine in monkey generated p24 and gp41 epitopes-specific serum IgG. Importantly, these induced antibodies had been shown to neutralize HIV-1 primary strain. In addition, the advantage of VLPs as vehicles delivering genes had been first revealed in biodistribution results. Therefore, orally administered HIV-PsV DNA vaccine was well-tolerated, enhanced the mucosa targeting property of the plasmid DNA, and reduced the nontargeting distribution, which indicate that it would reduce stress associated with systemic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Langella P. Perspectives for the development of human papillomavirus vaccines and immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:35-44. [PMID: 20021304 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is responsible for 90-99% of cervical cancer (CxCa) cases. Although effective screening programs have reduced the incidence of CxCa in developed countries, they are often not well organized. Prophylactic vaccination against HPV seems to be a good strategy for the prevention of CxCa. However, because millions of women are already infected with HPV, therapeutic HPV vaccines need to be developed further to treat these women. This review discusses the actual perspectives on both HPV vaccines and immunotherapy worldwide. In addition, some of the perspectives in France are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France.
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30
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Withdrawn: Enhancing efficacy and mucosa-tropic distribution of an oral HIV-PsV DNA vaccine in animal models. J Drug Target 2009; 18:78. [PMID: 20001573 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903509661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Bazan SB, de Alencar Muniz Chaves A, Aires KA, Cianciarullo AM, Garcea RL, Ho PL. Expression and characterization of HPV-16 L1 capsid protein in Pichia pastoris. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1609-17. [PMID: 19756360 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for the most common human sexually transmitted viral infections. Infection with high-risk HPVs, particularly HPV16, is associated with the development of cervical cancer. The papillomavirus L1 major capsid protein, the basis of the currently marketed vaccines, self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs). Here, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of recombinant HPV16 L1 produced by a methylotrophic yeast. A codon-optimized HPV16 L1 gene was cloned into a non-integrative expression vector under the regulation of a methanol-inducible promoter and used to transform competent Pichia pastoris cells. Purification of L1 protein from yeast extracts was performed using heparin-sepharose chromatography, followed by a disassembly/reassembly step. VLPs could be assembled from the purified L1 protein, as demonstrated by electron microscopy. The display of conformational epitopes on the VLPs surface was confirmed by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays and by immuno-electron microscopy. This study has implications for the development of an alternative platform for the production of a papillomavirus vaccine that could be provided by public health programs, especially in resource-poor areas, where there is a great demand for low-cost vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Boschi Bazan
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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32
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Cortes-Perez NG, Kharrat P, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Heterologous production of human papillomavirus type-16 L1 protein by a lactic acid bacterium. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:167. [PMID: 19703307 PMCID: PMC2742549 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of vaccine antigens in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional expression systems. In this study, we investigated i) the expression of Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 major capsid protein in the model LAB Lactococcus lactis and ii) the ability of the resulting recombinant strain to produce either capsomer-or virus-like particles (VLPs). Results and conclusion HPV-16 L1 gene was cloned into two vectors, pCYT and pSEC, designed for controlled intra- or extracellular heterologous expression in L. lactis, respectively. The capacity of L. lactis harboring either pCYT:L1 or pSEC:L1 plasmid to accumulate L1 in the cytoplasm and supernatant samples was confirmed by Western blot assays. Electron microscopy analysis suggests that, L1 protein produced by recombinant lactococci can self-assemble into structures morphologically similar to VLPs intracellularly. The presence of conformational epitopes on the L. lactis-derived VLPs was confirmed by ELISA using an anti-HPV16 L1 capsid antigen antibody. Our results support the feasibility of using recombinant food-grade LAB, such as L. lactis, for the production of L1-based VLPs and open the possibility for the development of a new safe mucosal vector for HPV-16 prophylactic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima G Cortes-Perez
- Equipe Interactions des bactéries commensales et probiotiques avec l'hôte, Unité d'Ecologie et physiologie du Système Digestif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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34
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Fraillery D, Zosso N, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Rectal and vaginal immunization of mice with human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particles. Vaccine 2009; 27:2326-34. [PMID: 19428847 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on L1 virus-like particle (VLP) can prevent genital HPV infection and associated lesions after three intramuscular injections. Needle-free administration might facilitate vaccine implementation, especially in developing countries. Here we have investigated rectal and vaginal administration of HPV16 L1 VLPs in mice and their ability to induce anti-VLP and HPV16-neutralizing antibodies in serum and in genital, rectal and oral secretions. Rectal and vaginal immunizations were not effective in the absence of adjuvant. Cholera toxin was able to enhance systemic and mucosal anti-VLPs responses after rectal immunization, but not after vaginal immunization. Rectal immunization with Resiquimod and to a lesser extent Imiquimod, but not monophosphoryl lipid A, induced anti-HPV16 VLP antibodies in serum and secretions. Vaginal immunization was immunogenic only if administered in mice treated with nonoxynol-9, a disrupter of the cervico-vaginal epithelium. Our findings show that rectal and vaginal administration of VLPs can induce significant HPV16-neutralizing antibody levels in secretions, despite the fact that low titers are induced in serum. Imidazoquinolines, largely used to treat genital and anal warts, and nonoxonol-9, used as genital microbicide/spermicide were identified as adjuvants that could be safely used by the rectal or vaginal route, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Fraillery
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains with regulated delayed attenuation in vivo. Infect Immun 2008; 77:1071-82. [PMID: 19103774 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00693-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant bacterial vaccines must be fully attenuated for animal or human hosts to avoid inducing disease symptoms while exhibiting a high degree of immunogenicity. Unfortunately, many well-studied means for attenuating Salmonella render strains more susceptible to host defense stresses encountered following oral vaccination than wild-type virulent strains and/or impair their ability to effectively colonize the gut-associated and internal lymphoid tissues. This thus impairs the ability of recombinant vaccines to serve as factories to produce recombinant antigens to induce the desired protective immunity. To address these problems, we designed strains that display features of wild-type virulent strains of Salmonella at the time of immunization to enable strains first to effectively colonize lymphoid tissues and then to exhibit a regulated delayed attenuation in vivo to preclude inducing disease symptoms. We recently described one means to achieve this based on a reversible smooth-rough synthesis of lipopolysaccharide O antigen. We report here a second means to achieve regulated delayed attenuation in vivo that is based on the substitution of a tightly regulated araC P(BAD) cassette for the promoters of the fur, crp, phoPQ, and rpoS genes such that expression of these genes is dependent on arabinose provided during growth. Thus, following colonization of lymphoid tissues, the Fur, Crp, PhoPQ, and/or RpoS proteins cease to be synthesized due to the absence of arabinose such that attenuation is gradually manifest in vivo to preclude induction of diseases symptoms. Means for achieving regulated delayed attenuation can be combined with other mutations, which together may yield safe efficacious recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines.
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36
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Mohana Subramanian B, Sriraman R, Hanumantha Rao N, Raghul J, Thiagarajan D, Srinivasan V. Cloning, expression and evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant Eimeria tenella sporozoite antigen in birds. Vaccine 2008; 26:3489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Intravaginal immunization of mice with recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing human papillomavirus type 16 antigens as a potential route of vaccination against cervical cancer. Infect Immun 2008; 76:1940-51. [PMID: 18332214 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01484-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women, is the consequence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Toward the development of therapeutic vaccines that can induce both innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses, we analyzed intravaginal (ivag) vaccine delivery of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing HPV16L1 as a model antigen. Innate immune responses were examined in cervicovaginal tissues by determining gene expression patterns by microarray analysis using nylon membranes imprinted with cDNA fragments coding for inflammation-associated genes. At 24 h, a wide range of genes, including those for chemokines and Th1- and Th2-type cytokine and chemokine receptors were up-regulated in mice ivag immunized with Salmonella compared to control mice. However, the majority of transcripts returned to their steady-state levels 1 week after immunization, suggesting a transient inflammatory response. Indeed, cervicovaginal histology of immunized mice showed a massive, but transient, infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, while T cells were still increased after 7 days. Ivag immunization also induced humoral and antitumor immune responses, i.e., serum and vaginal anti-HPV16VLP antibody titers similar to those induced by oral immunization, and significant protection in tumor protection experiments using HPV16-expressing C3 tumor cells. These results show that ivag immunization with live attenuated Salmonella expressing HPV16 antigens modulates the local mucosal gene expression pattern into a transient proinflammatory profile, elicits strong systemic and mucosal immunity against HPV16, and confers protection against HPV16 tumor cells subcutaneously implanted in mice. Examination of the efficacy with which ivag HPV16E7E6 Salmonella induces regression of tumors located in cervicovaginal tissue is warranted.
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Monie A, Hung CF, Roden R, Wu TC. Cervarix: a vaccine for the prevention of HPV 16, 18-associated cervical cancer. Biologics 2008; 2:97-105. [PMID: 19707432 PMCID: PMC2727782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Thus, prophylactic vaccination against HPV is an attractive strategy to prevent cervical cancer. Current strategies for the development of safe and effective preventive vaccines are based on the induction of neutralizing antibodies against the major capsid protein, L1 of HPV. Cervarix() is one of the preventive HPV vaccines that has been approved in the Europe and Australia and is currently under review by the US Food and Drug Administration. Cervarix is composed of HPV16 and HPV18 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) formulated in ASO4 adjuvant. Vaccination with Cervarix has been shown to protect women against a high proportion of precursor lesions of cervical cancer caused by these two HPV types. This review explores the various features of this new vaccine candidate and discusses the future directions in the field of HPV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Departments of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Richard Roden
- Departments of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncology
| | - T-C Wu
- Departments of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oncology,Correspondence: T-C Wu, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, CRB II Room 309, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA, Tel +1 410 614 3899, Fax +1 443 287 4295, Email
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Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) consist of viral structural proteins that, when overexpressed, spontaneously self-assemble into particles that are antigenically indistinguishable from infectious virus or subviral particles. VLPs can be considered as dense, repetitive arrays of one or more protein subunits with properties that are highly advantageous for use as stand-alone vaccines or as vaccine platforms. This review discusses the development of VLP-based platform technologies for vaccines against pathogens, as well as nontraditional targets such as self-antigens involved in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Chackerian
- University of New Mexico, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Disease and Immunity, Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Cancer Biology Program, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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40
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Fraillery D, Baud D, Pang SYY, Schiller J, Bobst M, Zosso N, Ponci F, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Ty21a expressing human papillomavirus type 16 L1 as a potential live vaccine against cervical cancer and typhoid fever. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:1285-95. [PMID: 17687110 PMCID: PMC2168124 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00164-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines based on L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) can prevent HPV-induced genital neoplasias, the precursors of cervical cancer. However, most cervical cancers occur in developing countries, where the implementation of expensive vaccines requiring multiple injections will be difficult. A live Salmonella-based vaccine could be a lower-cost alternative. We previously demonstrated that high HPV type 16 (HPV16)-neutralizing titers are induced after a single oral immunization of mice with attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains expressing a codon-optimized version of HPV16 L1 (L1S). To allow the testing of this type of vaccine in women, we constructed a new L1-expressing plasmid, kanL1S, and tested kanL1S recombinants of three Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine strains shown to be safe in humans, i.e., Ty21a, the actual licensed typhoid vaccine, and two highly immunogenic typhoid vaccine candidates, Ty800 and CVD908-htrA. In an intranasal mouse model of Salmonella serovar Typhi infection, Ty21a kanL1S was unique in inducing HPV16-neutralizing antibodies in serum and genital secretions, while anti-Salmonella responses were similar to those against the parental Ty21a vaccine. Electron microscopy examination of Ty21a kanL1S lysates showed that L1 assembled in capsomers and capsomer aggregates but not well-ordered VLPs. Comparison to the neutralizing antibody response induced by purified HPV16 L1 VLP immunizations in mice suggests that Ty21a kanL1S may be an effective prophylactic HPV vaccine. Ty21a has been widely used against typhoid fever in humans with a remarkable safety record. These finds encourage clinical testing of Ty21a kanL1S as a combined typhoid fever/cervical cancer vaccine with the potential for worldwide application.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/biosynthesis
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/genetics
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Salmonella typhi/genetics
- Salmonella typhi/immunology
- Typhoid Fever/immunology
- Typhoid Fever/prevention & control
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/genetics
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/genetics
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Fraillery
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Abstract
During the last decade, research progress on cervical cancer has elucidated the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Clinical trials on the viral-like particle HPV vaccines have good safety profiles and promising efficacy in preventing genital warts, cervical neoplasia, and cervical cancer. The implementation of the HPV vaccine is a tremendous milestone in our effort toward preventing cervical cancers. However, screening programs will continue to serve as a critical component in prevention due to the limitations of the current vaccines. The greatest impact in cervical cancer incidence worldwide requires improved health care access to underserved areas. Advances are needed to develop single-dose, heat-stable, needle-free, and affordable formulations of the HPV vaccine to overcome the socioeconomic barriers associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Chan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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42
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Ma Z, Chen B, Zhang F, Yu M, Liu T, Liu L. Increasing the expression levels of papillomavirus major capsid protein in Escherichia coli by N-terminal deletion. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 56:72-9. [PMID: 17616400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The major capsid protein L1 of human papillomavirus (HPV) contains the immunodominant neutralization epitopes of the virus and can auto-assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). Therefore, HPV L1 capsid proteins have been well investigated as potential vaccine candidates. To express large quantities of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 in Escherichia coli (E. coli), The HPV-16 L1 gene was cloned into pGEX-4T-1, resulting in only low expression levels of HPV-16 L1 in E. coli. The first 129 nucleotides of the 5' end of the L1 gene, which contains the major inhibitory RNA element, were then deleted. The deletion RNA was efficiently translated, resulting in about 2-fold higher L1 accumulation in E. coli. The N-terminal amino-acid deletion did not affect the ability of L1 to auto-assemble in E. coli and form small VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14# Shengli Road, Urumchi 830046, China
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43
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Mastrolorenzo A, Supuran CT, Zuccati G. The sexually transmitted papillomavirus infections: clinical manifestations, current and future therapies. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Santi L, Huang Z, Mason H. Virus-like particles production in green plants. Methods 2007; 40:66-76. [PMID: 16997715 PMCID: PMC2677071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses-like particles (VLPs), assembled from capsid structural subunits of several different viruses, have found a number of biomedical applications such as vaccines and novel delivery systems for nucleic acids and small molecules. Production of recombinant proteins in different plant systems has been intensely investigated and improved upon in the last two decades. Plant-derived antibodies, vaccines, and microbicides have received great attention and shown immense promise. In the case of mucosal vaccines, orally delivered plant-produced VLPs require minimal processing of the plant tissue, thus offering an inexpensive and safe alternative to more conventional live attenuated and killed virus vaccines. For other applications which require higher level of purification, recent progress in expression levels using plant viral vectors have shown that plants can compete with traditional fermentation systems. In this review, the different methods used in the production of VLPs in green plants are described. Specific examples of expression, assembly, and immunogenicity of several plant-derived VLPs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santi
- Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, 852878-5401, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea.
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46
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Abstract
Cancer of the uterine cervix is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women, and its toll is greatest in populations that lack screening programmes to detect precursor lesions. Persistent infection with 'high risk' genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary, although not sufficient, to cause cervical carcinoma. Therefore, HPV vaccination provides an opportunity to profoundly affect cervical cancer incidence worldwide. A recently licensed HPV subunit vaccine protects women from a high proportion of precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma and most genital warts. Here we examine the ramifications and remaining questions that surround preventive HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, is initiated by infection with high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). This review summarizes laboratory studies over the past 20 years that have elucidated the major features of the HPV life cycle, identified the functions of the viral proteins, and clarified the consequences of HPV infection for their host cells. This information has allowed the development of various strategies to prevent or treat infections, including prophylactic vaccination with virus-like particles, therapeutic vaccination against viral proteins expressed in cancer cells, and antiviral approaches to inhibit virus replication, spread, or pathogenesis. These strategies have the potential to cause a dramatic reduction in the incidence of cervical carcinoma and serve as the prototype for comprehensive efforts to combat virus-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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48
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Kuck D, Lau T, Leuchs B, Kern A, Müller M, Gissmann L, Kleinschmidt JA. Intranasal vaccination with recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 against human papillomavirus type 16 L1. J Virol 2006; 80:2621-30. [PMID: 16501072 PMCID: PMC1395428 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.6.2621-2630.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have been developed and evaluated as recombinant vectors for gene therapy in many preclinical studies, as well as in clinical trials. However, only a few approaches have used recombinant AAV (rAAV) to deliver vaccine antigens. We generated an rAAV encoding the major capsid protein L1 (L1h) from the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), aiming to develop a prophylactic vaccine against HPV16 infections, which are the major cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. A single dose of rAAV5 L1h administered intranasally was sufficient to induce high titers of L1-specific serum antibodies, as well as mucosal antibodies in vaginal washes. Seroconversion was maintained for at least 1 year. In addition, a cellular immune response was still detectable 60 weeks after immunization. Furthermore, lyophilized rAAV5 L1h successfully evoked a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice. These data clearly show the efficacy of a single-dose intranasal immunization against HPV16 based on the recombinant rAAV5L1h vector without the need of an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kuck
- Infection and Cancer Programme, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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Dell K, Koesters R, Linnebacher M, Klein C, Gissmann L. Intranasal immunization with human papillomavirus type 16 capsomeres in the presence of non-toxic cholera toxin-based adjuvants elicits increased vaginal immunoglobulin levels. Vaccine 2006; 24:2238-47. [PMID: 16455165 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic immunization against human papillomaviruses (HPVs) aims preferentially at the generation of antibodies, which are directed against the virus capsid proteins. DNA-free virus-like particles or their pentameric subunits, the capsomeres represent suitable antigens. Here we investigated if anti-HPV16 L1 specific antibodies and L1-specific CTL induced by intranasal immunization with capsomeres in sera and vaginal washings of C57Bl6 mice can be enhanced by co-application of the non-toxic cholera toxin adjuvants CTA1-D2D1 or CTB. We found that CTA1-D2D1 elevated L1-specific serum IgG antibodies in a dose-dependent manner and both CTA1-D2D1 and CTB significantly increased L1-specific IgA antibody levels in the vaginal lumen. Furthermore, CTA1-D2D1 and CTB enhanced L1-specific CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Dell
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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50
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Aires KA, Cianciarullo AM, Carneiro SM, Villa LL, Boccardo E, Pérez-Martinez G, Perez-Arellano I, Oliveira MLS, Ho PL. Production of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 virus-like particles by recombinant Lactobacillus casei cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:745-52. [PMID: 16391114 PMCID: PMC1352212 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.745-752.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) are closely associated with the development of human cervical carcinoma, which is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women worldwide. At present, the most promising vaccine against HPV-16 infection is based on the L1 major capsid protein, which self-assembles in virus-like particles (VLPs). In this work, we used a lactose-inducible system based on the Lactobacillus casei lactose operon promoter (plac) for expression of the HPV-16 L1 protein in L. casei. Expression was confirmed by Western blotting, and an electron microscopy analysis of L. casei expressing L1 showed that the protein was able to self-assemble into VLPs intracellularly. The presence of conformational epitopes on the L. casei-produced VLPs was confirmed by immunofluorescence using the anti-HPV-16 VLP conformational antibody H16.V5. Moreover, sera from mice that were subcutaneously immunized with L. casei expressing L1 reacted with Spodoptera frugiperda-produced HPV-16 L1 VLPs, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The production of L1 VLPs by Lactobacillus opens the possibility for development of new live mucosal prophylactic vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/administration & dosage
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Human papillomavirus 16/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunization
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/genetics
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolism
- Lactose/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/administration & dosage
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism
- Operon
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Conformation
- Recombination, Genetic
- Spodoptera
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virion/metabolism
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