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Lee JJ, Abdullah M, Liu J, Carvalho IA, Junior AS, Moreira MAS, Mohammed H, DeLisa MP, McDonough SP, Chang YF. Proteomic profiling of membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Navigating towards an insilico design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting membrane vesicle proteins. J Proteomics 2024; 292:105058. [PMID: 38065354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria typically produce membrane vesicles (MVs) at varying levels depending on the surrounding environments. Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been extensively studied for over 30 years, but MVs from Gram-positive bacteria only recently have been a focus of research. In the present study, we isolated MVs from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and analyzed their protein composition using LC-MS/MS. A total of 316 overlapping proteins from two independent preparations were identified in our study, and topology prediction showed these cargo proteins have different subcellular localization patterns. When MVs were administered to bovine-derived macrophages, significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed via qRT-PCR. Proteome functional annotation revealed that many of these proteins are involved in the cellular protein metabolic process, tRNA aminoacylation, and ATP synthesis. Secretory proteins with high antigenicity and adhesion capability were mapped for B-cell and T-cell epitopes. Antigenic, Immunogenic and IFN-γ inducing B-cell, MHC-I, and MHC-II epitopes were stitched together through linkers to form multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) construct against MAP. Strong binding energy was observed during the docking of the 3D structure of the MEV with the bovine TLR2, suggesting that the putative MEV may be a promising vaccine candidate against MAP. However, in vitro and in vivo analysis is required to prove the immunogenic concept of the MEV which we will follow in our future studies. SIGNIFICANCE: Johne's disease is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that has a potential link to Crohn's disease in humans. The disease is characterized by persistent diarrhea and enteritis, resulting in significant economic losses due to reduced milk yield and premature culling of infected animals. The dairy industry in the United States alone experiences losses of approximately USD 250 million due to Johne's disease. The current vaccine against Johne's disease is limited by several factors, including variable efficacy, limited duration of protection, interference with diagnostic tests, inability to prevent infection, and logistical and cost-related challenges. Nevertheless, a multiepitope vaccine design approach targeting M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis has the potential to overcome these challenges and offer improved protection against Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lee
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Mohd Abdullah
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Isabel Azevedo Carvalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Abelardo Silva Junior
- Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL CEP 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | - Hussni Mohammed
- Departement of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Sean P McDonough
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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Ag85a-S2 Activates cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Mucosal Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122170. [PMID: 36560581 PMCID: PMC9785823 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Most of the brucellosis vaccines in the application are whole-bacteria vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines are widely used for brucellosis prevention in sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. Thus, there is also a need for an adjuvanted vaccine for human brucellosis, because the attenuated Brucella vaccines now utilized in animals cause human illness. Here, we developed a live-attenuated Brucella suis strain 2 vaccine (S2) adjuvanted with Ag85a (Ag85a-S2). We found that Ag85a-S2 activated cGAS-STING pathways both in intestinal mucosal cells in vivo and in the BMDM and U937 cell line in vitro. We demonstrated that the cGAS knockout significantly downregulated the abundance of interferon and other cytokines induced by Ag85a-S2. Moreover, Ag85a-S2 triggered a stronger cellular immune response compared to S2 alone. In sum, Ag85a-S2-mediated enhancement of immune responses was at least partially dependent on the cGAS-STING pathway. Our results provide a new candidate for preventing Brucella pathogens from livestock, which might reduce the dosage and potential toxicity compared to S2.
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Proteome Profile Changes Induced by Heterologous Overexpression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Derived Antigens PstS-1 (Rv0934) and Ag85B (Rv1886c) in Mycobacterium microti. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121836. [PMID: 36551264 PMCID: PMC9775975 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new tuberculosis vaccines remains a global priority, and recombinant vaccines are a frequently investigated option. These vaccines follow a molecular strategy that may enhance protective efficacy. However, their functional differences, particularly with respect to glycosylation, remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that glycosylation plays a key role in the host-pathogen interactions during immune recognition. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the glycosylation profiles of two recombinant strains of Mycobacterium microti, overexpressing Ag85B (Rv1886c) and PstS-1 (Rv0934) antigens of M. tuberculosis. For each strain, the glycosylation profile was determined by Western blotting with lectins. The results showed the presence of mannosylated proteins and evidence of linked sialic acid proteins. Interestingly, different proteome and glycoproteome profiles were observed between the two recombinant strains and the wild-type strain. We have shown here that the construction of the recombinant strains of M. microti has altered the proteome and glycosylation profiles of these strains, leading us to ask what impact these changes might have on the immune response.
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Lopez J, Anna F, Authié P, Pawlik A, Ku MW, Blanc C, Souque P, Moncoq F, Noirat A, Hardy D, Sougakoff W, Brosch R, Guinet F, Charneau P, Majlessi L. A lentiviral vector encoding fusion of light invariant chain and mycobacterial antigens induces protective CD4 + T cell immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111142. [PMID: 35905717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly efficient at inducing CD8+ T cell responses. However, LV-encoded antigens are processed inside the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells, which does not directly communicate with the endosomal major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation pathway. LVs are thus poor at inducing CD4+ T cell response. To overcome this limitation, we devised a strategy whereby LV-encoded antigens are extended at their N-terminal end with the MHC-II-associated light invariant chain (li), which contains an endosome-targeting signal sequence. When evaluated with an LV-encoded polyantigen composed of CD4+ T cell targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intranasal vaccination in mice triggers pulmonary polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Adjuvantation of these LVs extends the mucosal immunity to Th17 and Tc17 responses. A systemic prime and an intranasal boost with one of these LV induces protection against M. tuberculosis. This strategy improves the protective power of LVs against infections and cancers, where CD4+ T cell immunity plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Lopez
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Institut Pasteur, Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Min-Wen Ku
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Histopathology Platform, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CNR-MyRMA, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Guinet
- Institut Pasteur, Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Monitoring IgG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in an Asian elephant cured of tuberculosis that developed from long-term latency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4310. [PMID: 35279668 PMCID: PMC8917326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is fatal in elephants, hence protecting elephants from TB is key not only in the conservation of this endangered animal, but also to prevent TB transmission from elephants to humans. Most human TB cases arise from long-term asymptomatic infections. Significant diagnostic challenges remain in the detection of both infection and disease development from latency in elephants due to their huge bodies. In this study, we assessed cryopreserved sera collected for over 16 years, from the first Japanese treatment case of elephant TB. Semi-quantification of IgG levels to 11 proteins showed high detection levels of 3 proteins, namely ESAT6/CFP10, MPB83 and Ag85B. The level of IgG specific to these 3 antigens was measured longitudinally, revealing high and stable ESAT6/CFP10 IgG levels regardless of onset or treatment. Ag85B-specifc IgG levels were largely responsive to onset or treatment, while those of MPB83 showed intermediate responses. These results suggest that ESAT6/CFP10 is immunodominant in both asymptomatic and symptomatic phases, making it useful in the detection of infection. On the other hand, Ag85B has the potential to be a marker for the prediction of disease onset and in the evaluation of treatment effectiveness in elephants.
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Khanna M, Rady H, Dai G, Ramsay AJ. Intranasal boosting with MVA encoding secreted mycobacterial proteins Ag85A and ESAT-6 generates strong pulmonary immune responses and protection against M. tuberculosis in mice given BCG as neonates. Vaccine 2021; 39:1780-1787. [PMID: 33632562 PMCID: PMC7990059 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has variable efficacy as an adult tuberculosis (TB) vaccine but can reduce the incidence and severity of TB infection in humans. We have engineered modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) strain vaccine constructs to express the secreted mycobacterial proteins Ag85A and ESAT-6 (MVA-AE) and evaluated their immunogenicity and protective efficacy as mucosal booster vaccines for BCG given subcutaneously in early life. Intranasal delivery of MVA-AE to young adult mice induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to both Ag85A and ESAT-6 in lung mucosae. These responses were markedly enhanced in mice that had been primed neonatally with BCG prior to intranasal MVA-AE immunization (BCG/MVA-AE), as evidenced by numbers of pulmonary Ag85A-, ESAT-6-, and PPD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and by their capacity to secrete multiple antimicrobial factors, including IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-17. Moreover, MVA-AE boosting generated multifunctional lung CD4+ T cells responding to ESAT-6, which were not, as expected, detected in control mice given BCG, and elevated Ag85A-specific circulating antibody responses. After aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb), the BCG/MVA-AE group had significantly reduced mycobacterial burden in the lungs, compared with either BCG primed mice boosted with control MVA or mice given only BCG. These data indicate that intranasal delivery of MVA-AE can boost BCG-induced Th1 and Th17-based immunity locally in the lungs and improve the protective efficacy of neonatally-administered BCG against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, and the Louisiana Vaccine Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hamada Rady
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, and the Louisiana Vaccine Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guixiang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, and the Louisiana Vaccine Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, and the Louisiana Vaccine Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Kuan R, Muskat K, Peters B, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Is mapping the BCG vaccine-induced immune responses the key to improving the efficacy against tuberculosis? J Intern Med 2020; 288:651-660. [PMID: 33210407 PMCID: PMC9432460 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) has been re-evaluated for its capacity to stem the global tide of TB. There is increasing evidence that the efficacy of BCG can be improved by the modified administration methods and schedules. Here, we first discuss recent approaches of vaccine administration, revaccination or boosting that have been used to try to improve the efficacy of BCG against TB. We then dive deeper into studies investigating the immune correlates of protection and describe studies that have investigated BCG-specific T-cell responses and the influence of environmental exposures. These studies all highlight that there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity, which has been surprisingly understudied. We argue that several critical gaps in knowledge exist and must be addressed by future research to rationally improve the efficacy of BCG, including comprehensive, proteome-wide understanding of the epitopes derived from BCG recognized by BCG-vaccinated individuals, the phenotype of responding antigen-specific T cells and how previous exposure to environmental mycobacteria affect these parameters and thus influence vaccine efficacy. The development of modern techniques allows us to answer some of these questions to better understand how BCG works in terms of both protection against TB and the immune response that it triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuan
- From the, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K Muskat
- From the, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Peters
- From the, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
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Zhai J, Gao W, Zhao L, Lu C. Integrated transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analysis identifies potential RNA sensors that respond to the Ag85A DNA vaccine. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104487. [PMID: 32920150 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA vaccine has emerged as a promising approach with potential for Tuberculosis (TB) prevention in adults. However, the mechanism behind DNA vaccines is still largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we engineered Ag85A mutated dendritic cells (Ag85A-M-DCs) in which the Ag85A mRNA derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed but not the corresponding protein. Control cells (Ag85A-DCs) expressed both Ag85A mRNA and protein. To better understand the mechanism of antigen presentation following DNA vaccination, integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of dendritic cells (DCs), Ag85A-DCs, and Ag85A-M-DCs were performed. RESULTS A total of 723, 278, and 933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 209, 134, and 509 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between Ag85A-M-DCs and DCs, Ag85A-DCs and DCs, and Ag85A-M-DCs and Ag85A-DCs, respectively. Integration analysis detected 59, 15, and 64 associated DEGs/DEPs with the same expression trend between Ag85A-M-DCs and DCs, Ag85A-DCs and DCs, and Ag85A-M-DCs and Ag85A-DCs, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that chemokine signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were enriched in all three pairs of comparisons. The protein and protein interaction network revealed that ANXA1 was in the top 10 high-degree hub genes closely related to other genes in all three pairs of comparisons. CONCLUSION The results indicated that Ag85A DNA vaccine might transmit immunogenicity information and induce immune responses by activating chemokine signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. ANXA1 may serve as a key target molecule of the Ag85A vaccine with additional potential for TB prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhai
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China; Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028042, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Leheng Zhao
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Changlong Lu
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China; Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028042, China.
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Sefidi-Heris Y, Jahangiri A, Mokhtarzadeh A, Shahbazi MA, Khalili S, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Baghbanzadeh A, Hejazi M, Hashemzaei M, Hamblin MR, Santos HA. Recent progress in the design of DNA vaccines against tuberculosis. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30345-7. [PMID: 32927065 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have some disadvantages and many efforts have been undertaken to produce effective TB vaccines. As a result of their advantages, DNA vaccines are promising future vaccine candidates. This review focuses on the design and delivery of novel DNA-based vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssof Sefidi-Heris
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 7146713565, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, 193955487, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614731, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 1678815811, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614731, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, 9516915169, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9196773117, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614731, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614731, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 9861615881, Zabol, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Ng TW, Wirchnianski AS, Wec AZ, Fels JM, Johndrow CT, Saunders KO, Liao HX, Chan J, Jacobs WR, Chandran K, Porcelli SA. Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4 + T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:425-437. [PMID: 32513849 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of viral pathogens and their rapid spread into heavily populated areas around the world underscore the urgency for development of highly effective vaccines to generate protective antiviral Ab responses. Many established and newly emerging viral pathogens, including HIV and Ebola viruses, are most prevalent in regions of the world in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains endemic and vaccination at birth with M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used. We have investigated the potential for using CD4+ T cells arising in response to BCG as a source of help for driving Ab responses against viral vaccines. To test this approach, we designed vaccines comprised of protein immunogens fused to an immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope of the secreted Ag 85B protein of BCG. Proof-of-concept experiments showed that the presence of BCG-specific Th cells in previously BCG-vaccinated mice had a dose-sparing effect for subsequent vaccination with fusion proteins containing the Ag 85B epitope and consistently induced isotype switching to the IgG2c subclass. Studies using an Ebola virus glycoprotein fused to the Ag 85B epitope showed that prior BCG vaccination promoted high-affinity IgG1 responses that neutralized viral infection. The design of fusion protein vaccines with the ability to recruit BCG-specific CD4+ Th cells may be a useful and broadly applicable approach to generating improved vaccines against a range of established and newly emergent viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Anna Z Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.,Adimab, Lebanon, NH 03766
| | - J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Christopher T Johndrow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - John Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - William R Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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11
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Hu Z, Jiang W, Gu L, Qiao D, Shu T, Lowrie DB, Lu SH, Fan XY. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination against tuberculosis with recombinant Sendai virus and DNA vaccines. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1685-1694. [PMID: 31786669 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, a novel Sendai virus-vectored anti-tuberculosis vaccine encoding Ag85A and Ag85B (SeV85AB) was constructed and shown to elicit antigen-specific T cell responses and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in a murine model. In this study, we evaluate whether the immune responses induced by this novel vaccine might be elevated by a recombinant DNA vaccine expressing the same antigen in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy. The results showed that both SeV85AB prime-DNA boost (SeV85AB-DNA) and DNA prime-SeV85AB boost (DNA-SeV85AB) vaccination strategies significantly enhanced the antigen-specific T cell responses induced by the separate vaccines. The SeV85AB-DNA immunization regimen induced higher levels of recall T cell responses after Mtb infection and conferred better immune protection compared with DNA-SeV85AB or a single immunization. Collectively, our study lends strong evidence that a DNA vaccine boost might be included in a novel SeV85AB immunization strategy designed to enhance the immune protection against Mtb. KEY MESSAGES: A heterologous prime-boost regimen with a novel recombinant SeV85AB and a DNA vaccine increase the T cell responses above those from a single vaccine. The heterologous prime-boost regimen provided protection against Mtb infection. The DNA vaccine might be included in a novel SeV85AB immunization strategy designed to enhance the immune protection against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Ruijin Hospital (North), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | | | - Douglas B Lowrie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shui-Hua Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. .,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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12
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Komine-Aizawa S, Jiang J, Mizuno S, Hayakawa S, Matsuo K, Boyd LF, Margulies DH, Honda M. MHC-restricted Ag85B-specific CD8 + T cells are enhanced by recombinant BCG prime and DNA boost immunization in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1399-1414. [PMID: 31135967 PMCID: PMC6722017 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite efforts to develop effective treatments and vaccines, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), particularly pulmonary Mtb, continues to provide major health challenges worldwide. To improve immunization against the persistent health challenge of Mtb infection, we have studied the CD8+ T cell response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and recombinant BCG (rBCG) in mice. Here, we generated CD8+ T cells with an rBCG-based vaccine encoding the Ag85B protein of M. kansasii, termed rBCG-Mkan85B, followed by boosting with plasmid DNA expressing the Ag85B gene (DNA-Mkan85B). We identified two MHC-I (H2-Kd )-restricted epitopes that induce cross-reactive responses to Mtb and other related mycobacteria in both BALB/c (H2d ) and CB6F1 (H2b/d ) mice. The H2-Kd -restricted peptide epitopes elicited polyfunctional CD8+ T cell responses that were also highly cross-reactive with those of other proteins of the Ag85 complex. Tetramer staining indicated that the two H2-Kd -restricted epitopes elicit distinct CD8+ T cell populations, a result explained by the X-ray structure of the two peptide/H2-Kd complexes. These results suggest that rBCG-Mkan85B vector-based immunization and DNA-Mkan85B boost may enhance CD8+ T cell response to Mtb, and might help to overcome the limited effectiveness of the current BCG in eliciting tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Jiansheng Jiang
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Japan BCG Laboratory
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Japan BCG Laboratory
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association
| | - Lisa F. Boyd
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
| | - David H. Margulies
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health
| | - Mitsuo Honda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
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13
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Tran AC, Kim MY, Reljic R. Emerging Themes for the Role of Antibodies in Tuberculosis. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e24. [PMID: 31501712 PMCID: PMC6722270 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The best way to debunk a scientific dogma is to throw irrefutable evidence at it. This is especially true if the dogma in question has been nurtured over many decades, as is the case with the apparent redundancy of antibodies (Abs) against intracellular pathogens. Although not fully compelling yet, that ‘hard core’ evidence is nevertheless now slowly beginning to emerge. This is true for several clinically relevant infections but none more so than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the archetype intracellular pathogen that poses a great health challenge to the mankind. Here, prompted by a spate of recent high-profile reports on the effects of Abs in various experimental models of tuberculosis, we step back and take a critical look at the progress that has been made in the last 5 years and highlight some of the strengths and shortcomings of the presented evidence. We conclude that the tide of the opinion has begun to turn in favour of Abs but we also caution against overinterpreting the currently available limited evidence. For, until definitive evidence that can withstand even the most rigorous of experimental tests is produced, the dogma may yet survive. Or indeed, we may find that the truth is hidden somewhere in between the dogma and the unfulfilled scientific prophecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy C Tran
- St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Department of Molecular Biology and The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Rajko Reljic
- St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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14
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Tang J, Cai Y, Liang J, Tan Z, Tang X, Zhang C, Cheng L, Zhou J, Wang H, Yam WC, Chen X, Wang H, Chen Z. In vivo electroporation of a codon-optimized BER opt DNA vaccine protects mice from pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol challenge. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:65-75. [PMID: 30514515 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have been extensively studied as preventative and therapeutic interventions for various infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and influenza. Despite promising progresses made, improving the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine remains a technical challenge for clinical development. In this study, we investigated a tuberculosis DNA vaccine BERopt, which contained a codon-optimized fusion immunogen Ag85B-ESAT-6-Rv2660c for enhanced mammalian cell expression and immunogenicity. BERopt immunization through in vivo electroporation in BALB/c mice induced surprisingly high frequencies of Ag85B tetramer+ CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in splenocytes. Meanwhile, the BERopt vaccine-induced long-lasting T cell immunity protected BALB/c mice from high dose viral challenge using a modified vaccinia virus Tiantan strain expressing mature Ag85B protein (MVTT-m85B) and the virulent M. tb H37Rv aerosol challenge. Since the BERopt DNA vaccine does not induce anti-vector immunity, the strong immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this novel DNA vaccine warrant its future development for M. tb prevention and immunotherapy to alleviate the global TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jianguo Liang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xian Tang
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wing-Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China.
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15
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Rinaldi F, Tengattini S, Piubelli L, Bernardini R, Mangione F, Bavaro T, Paone G, Mattei M, Pollegioni L, Filice G, Temporini C, Terreni M. Rational design, preparation and characterization of recombinant Ag85B variants and their glycoconjugates with T-cell antigenic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23171-23180. [PMID: 35540174 PMCID: PMC9081591 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03535k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the deadliest infectious disease in the world. The variable efficacy of the current treatments highlights the need for more effective agents against this disease. In the past few years, we focused on the investigation of antigenic glycoconjugates starting from recombinant Ag85B (rAg85B), a potent protein antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this paper, structural modifications were rationally designed in order to obtain a rAg85B variant protein able to maintain its immunogenicity after glycosylation. Lysine residues involved in the main T-epitope sequences (namely, K30 and K282) have been substituted with arginine to prevent their glycosylation by a lysine-specific reactive linker. The effectiveness of the mutation strategy and the detailed structure of resulting neo-glycoconjugates have been studied by intact mass spectrometry, followed by peptide and glycopeptide mapping. The effect of K30R and K282R mutations on the T-cell activity of rAg85B has also been investigated with a preliminary immunological evaluation performed by enzyme-linked immunospotting on the different variant proteins and their glycosylation products. After glycosylation, the two variant proteins with an arginine in position 30 completely retain the original T-cell activity, thus representing adequate antigenic carriers for the development of efficient glycoconjugate vaccines against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Luciano Piubelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Via Dunant 3 21100 Varese Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Centre, Politecnico of Milan and University of Insubria Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Biology and Animal Technology Station, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Mangione
- IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation Microbiology and Virology Unit Viale Camillo Golgi 19 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Gregorino Paone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Department of Biology and Animal Technology Station, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Via Dunant 3 21100 Varese Italy
- The Protein Factory Research Centre, Politecnico of Milan and University of Insubria Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Gaetano Filice
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation Viale Camillo Golgi 19 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Caterina Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy +39-0382-422975 +39-0382-987788 ext. 7368
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16
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Ates LS, Sayes F, Frigui W, Ummels R, Damen MPM, Bottai D, Behr MA, van Heijst JWJ, Bitter W, Majlessi L, Brosch R. RD5-mediated lack of PE_PGRS and PPE-MPTR export in BCG vaccine strains results in strong reduction of antigenic repertoire but little impact on protection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007139. [PMID: 29912964 PMCID: PMC6023246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Although the BCG vaccine is widely used, it does not efficiently protect against pulmonary tuberculosis and an improved tuberculosis vaccine is therefore urgently needed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses different ESX/Type VII secretion (T7S) systems to transport proteins important for virulence and host immune responses. We recently reported that secretion of T7S substrates belonging to the mycobacteria-specific Pro-Glu (PE) and Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) proteins of the PGRS (polymorphic GC-rich sequences) and MPTR (major polymorphic tandem repeat) subfamilies required both a functional ESX-5 system and a functional PPE38/71 protein for secretion. Inactivation of ppe38/71 and the resulting loss of PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR secretion were linked to increased virulence of M. tuberculosis strains. Here, we show that a predicted total of 89 PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR surface proteins are not exported by certain animal-adapted strains of the M. tuberculosis complex including M. bovis. This Δppe38/71-associated secretion defect therefore also occurs in the M. bovis-derived tuberculosis vaccine BCG and could be partially restored by introduction of the M. tuberculosis ppe38-locus. Epitope mapping of the PPE-MPTR protein PPE10, further allowed us to monitor T-cell responses in splenocytes from BCG/M. tuberculosis immunized mice, confirming the dependence of PPE10-specific immune-induction on ESX-5/PPE38-mediated secretion. Restoration of PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR secretion in recombinant BCG neither altered global antigenic presentation or activation of innate immune cells, nor protective efficacy in two different mouse vaccination-infection models. This unexpected finding stimulates a reassessment of the immunomodulatory properties of PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR proteins, some of which are contained in vaccine formulations currently in clinical evaluation. One of the major findings of the pioneering Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genome sequencing project was the identification of the highly abundant PE and PPE proteins, named after their N-terminal motifs Pro–Glu (PE) or Pro–Pro–Glu (PPE). Within the 20 years of research since then, many claims were made that PE/PPE proteins, including the two large subgroups encoded by repetitive sequences with very high GC content (PE_PGRS and PPE-MPTR families), are exported to the bacterial surface or beyond, and show broad immunomodulatory impact on host-pathogen interaction. We thus screened strains from different branches of the M. tuberculosis complex, including the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine strains, for their capacity to export PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR proteins. Strikingly, we found that BCG strains were unable to export the plethora of PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR proteins due to the absence of the region of difference RD5, which in M. tuberculosis encodes PPE38, required for PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR export. Surprisingly, the restoration of PE_PGRS/PPE-MPTR export by genetic complementation in recombinant BCG did not result in immunomodulatory changes or altered protection in mouse models. Our results thus put into perspective the numerous reports on virulence-associated immunomodulatory impact of individual PE_PGRS and PPE-MPTR proteins and open novel questions on their biological function(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S. Ates
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LSA); (RB)
| | - Fadel Sayes
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Frigui
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Roy Ummels
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel P. M. Damen
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicine & Systems, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daria Bottai
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- McGill International TB Centre, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program at the McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeroen W. J. van Heijst
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicine & Systems, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (LSA); (RB)
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17
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Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) signal sequence enhances immunogenicity of MVA-based vaccine against tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Yin Y, Lian K, Zhao D, Tao C, Chen X, Tan W, Wang X, Xu Z, Hu M, Rao Y, Zhou X, Pan Z, Zhang X, Jiao X. A Promising Listeria-Vectored Vaccine Induces Th1-Type Immune Responses and Confers Protection Against Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:407. [PMID: 29034213 PMCID: PMC5626977 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deaths associated with tuberculosis (TB) is rising and accounted for 1.4 million deaths in 2015 many of which were due to drug-resistant bacteria. Vaccines represent an important medical intervention, but the current Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is not ideal for the protection of teenagers and adults. Therefore, a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. In this study, we designed a novel vaccine using an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes strain carrying fusion antigen FbpB-ESAT-6 (rLM) and characterized its safety and protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in mice. Compared to the wild type strain yzuLM4 and parental strain LMΔactA/plcB (LM1-2), the virulence of rLM was significantly reduced as judged by its infectious kinetics and LD50 dose. Further characterization of intravenous immunization showed that prime-boost vaccination significantly increased the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-6), and enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) CTLs activity, suggesting that rLM could elicit potent Th1/Th17 responses. More importantly, rLM significantly conferred the protection against M.tb H37Rv challenge. Collectively, our findings indicated that rLM is a novel and useful tool to prevent M.tb infection, and can be potentially be used to boost BCG-primed immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengwu Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Maozhi Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Rao
- ABSL-3 Lab, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
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19
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Mancha-Agresti P, de Castro CP, Dos Santos JSC, Araujo MA, Pereira VB, LeBlanc JG, Leclercq SY, Azevedo V. Recombinant Invasive Lactococcus lactis Carrying a DNA Vaccine Coding the Ag85A Antigen Increases INF-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α Cytokines after Intranasal Immunization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1263. [PMID: 28744263 PMCID: PMC5504179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat throughout the world and in 2015 it caused the death of 1.4 million people. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the only existing vaccine against this ancient disease; however, it does not provide complete protection in adults. New vaccines against TB are eminently a global priority. The use of bacteria as vehicles for delivery of vaccine plasmids is a promising vaccination strategy. In this study, we evaluated the use of, an engineered invasive Lactococcus lactis (expressing Fibronectin-Binding Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus) for the delivery of DNA plasmid to host cells, especially to the mucosal site as a new DNA vaccine against tuberculosis. One of the major antigens documented that offers protective responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the Ag85A. L. lactis FnBPA+ (pValac:Ag85A) which was obtained and used for intranasal immunization of C57BL/6 mice and the immune response profile was evaluated. In this study we observed that this strain was able to produce significant increases in the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the stimulated spleen cell supernatants, showing a systemic T helper 1 (Th1) cell response. Antibody production (IgG and sIgA anti-Ag85A) was also significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage, as well as in the serum of mice. In summary, these findings open new perspectives in the area of mucosal DNA vaccine, against specific pathogens using a Lactic Acid Bacteria such as L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Prosperi de Castro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Janete S C Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maíra A Araujo
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean G LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasSan Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sophie Y Leclercq
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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Liu W, Xu Y, Shen H, Yan J, Yang E, Wang H. Recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guérin coexpressing Ag85B-IFN-γ enhances the cell-mediated immunity in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2339-2347. [PMID: 28565847 PMCID: PMC5443280 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The only available vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). As the efficacy reported of the vaccine is not up to the mark, there is an urgent need to develop improved anti-tuberculosis vaccines. Antigen 85B (Ag85B) is a very promising vaccine candidate molecule of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and interferon (IFN)-γ and has been considered the most attractive correlate of protective immunity. The aim of this study was to construct a novel recombinant BCG (rBCG) to secrete Ag85B and mouse IFN-γ under control of the Mycobacterial heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) promoter and the antigen signal sequence. Second aim of the present study is to evaluate the immune response in C57BL/6 elicted by the new rBCG. Expression of the fusion protein was readily detectable by western blotting and IFN-γ bioactivity was detected indirectly by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with BCG, rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ was substantially more active in inducing the production of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from mouse splenocytes. ELISA analysis for IgG, IgG1 and IgG2c showed that rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ induced higher titer of Ag85B and facilitated Th1 type immune response. rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ also improved nitric oxide production levels and enhanced antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation. Moreover, rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ induced human monocytes such as THP-1 cells to enhance expression of CD80, CD86, CD40 and HLA-DR. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ significantly activated CD4+ T cells. Assessing combinations of IFN-γ, TNF-α and interleukin-2 at the single-cell level by multiparameter flow cytometry, we found that rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ improved the multifunctional T cells level in comparison to BCG. In conclusion, the present study indicates that rBCG::Ag85B-IFN-γ increases cell mediated immune response and is a potential candidate vaccine for immunotherapeutic protocols against pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jingran Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Sendai Virus Mucosal Vaccination Establishes Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cell Immunity and Boosts BCG-Primed Protection against TB in Mice. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1222-1233. [PMID: 28342639 PMCID: PMC5417795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown the protective role of CD8+ T cells in vaccine-induced immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) despite controversy over their role in natural immunity. However, the current vaccine BCG is unable to induce sufficient CD8+ T cell responses, especially in the lung. Sendai virus, a respiratory RNA virus, is here engineered firstly as a novel recombinant anti-TB vaccine (SeV85AB) that encodes Mtb immuno-dominant antigens, Ag85A and Ag85B. A single mucosal vaccination elicited potent antigen-specific T cell responses and a degree of protection against Mtb challenge similar to the effect of BCG in mice. Depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated the protective immunity afforded by SeV85AB vaccination. Interestingly, only SeV85AB vaccination induced high levels of lung-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells, and this led to a rapid and strong recall of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses against Mtb challenge infection. Furthermore, when used in a BCG prime-SeV85AB boost strategy, SeV85AB vaccine significantly enhanced protection above that seen after BCG vaccination alone. Our findings suggest that CD8+ TRM cells that arise in lungs responding to this mucosal vaccination might help to protect against TB, and SeV85AB holds notable promise to improve BCG’s protective efficacy in a prime-boost immunization regimen.
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Identification of Mycobacterial RplJ/L10 and RpsA/S1 Proteins as Novel Targets for CD4 + T Cells. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01023-16. [PMID: 28115505 PMCID: PMC5364311 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01023-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global infectious disease problem, and a more efficacious vaccine is urgently needed for the control and prevention of disease caused by this organism. We previously reported that a genetically modified strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis called IKEPLUS is a promising TB vaccine candidate. Since protective immunity induced by IKEPLUS is dependent on antigen-specific CD4+ T cell memory, we hypothesized that the specificity of the CD4+ T cell response was a critical feature of this protection. Using in vitro assays of interferon gamma production (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot [ELISPOT] assays) by splenocytes from IKEPLUS-immunized C57BL/6J mice, we identified an immunogenic peptide within the mycobacterial ribosomal large subunit protein RplJ, encoded by the Rv0651 gene. In a complementary approach, we generated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T cell hybridomas from IKEPLUS-immunized mice. Screening of these T cell hybridomas against IKEPLUS and ribosomes enriched from IKEPLUS suggested that the CD4+ T cell response in IKEPLUS-immunized mice was dominated by the recognition of multiple components of the mycobacterial ribosome. Importantly, CD4+ T cells specific for mycobacterial ribosomes accumulate to significant levels in the lungs of IKEPLUS-immunized mice following aerosol challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis, consistent with a role for these T cells in protective host immunity in TB. The identification of CD4+ T cell responses to defined ribosomal protein epitopes expands the range of antigenic targets for adaptive immune responses to M. tuberculosis and may help to inform the design of more effective vaccines against tuberculosis.
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Liu W, Xu Y, Yan J, Shen H, Yang E, Wang H. Ag85B synergizes with ESAT-6 to induce efficient and long-term immunity of C57BL/6 mice primed with recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:208-214. [PMID: 28123491 PMCID: PMC5245152 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest probable scenario in vaccination strategies is to prime one live attenuated vaccine candidate followed by boost dose of second vaccine candidate. In the present study, we primed the mice with a recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) comprising Ag85B and ESAT-6 followed by boost doses of Ag85B, ESAT-6 and Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein in the DDA adjuvant, separately. After boost doses of 8 and 12 weeks, the levels of antigen-stimulated T cells secreting interferon (IFN)-γ, the content of the IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-4 in the splenocytes in vitro culture supernatant, the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G titer from mouse serum, IgG subclass and the population of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected. The present study showed that recombinant BCG along with boost doses of Ag85B or ESAT-6 individually did not induce efficient T-helper (Th) 1-type immune response. On the other hand, recombinant BCG with boost doses of Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein enhanced longer lasting predominant Th1 immune response. This result suggested that Ag85B might synergize with ESAT-6 protein in order to produce better as well as effective immune response. Thus, the present study concluded recombinant BCG with boost doses of Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein could be a good strategy to improve the immune protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jingran Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Boosting BCG-primed mice with chimeric DNA vaccine HG856A induces potent multifunctional T cell responses and enhanced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Res 2016; 64:64-72. [PMID: 26111521 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tuberculosis pandemic continues to rampage despite widespread use of the current Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. Because DNA vaccines can elicit effective antigen-specific immune responses, including potent T cell-mediated immunity, they are promising vehicles for antigen delivery. In a prime-boost approach, they can supplement the inadequate anti-TB immunological memory induced by BCG. Based on this, a chimeric DNA vaccine HG856A encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) immunodominant antigen Ag85A plus two copies of ESAT-6 was constructed. Potent humoral immune responses, as well as therapeutic effects induced by this DNA vaccine, were observed previously in M. tuberculosis-infected mice. In this study, we further evaluated the antigen-specific T cell immune responses and showed that repeated immunization with HG856A gave modest protection against M. tuberculosis challenge infection and significantly boosted the immune protection primed by BCG vaccination. Enhanced protection was accompanied by increased multifunctional Th1 CD4(+) T cell responses, most notably by an elevated frequency of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IL-2-producing CD4(+) T cells post-vaccination. These data confirm the potential of chimeric DNA vaccine HG856A as an anti-TB vaccine candidate.
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Dai G, Rady HF, Huang W, Shellito JE, Mason C, Ramsay AJ. Gene-based neonatal immune priming potentiates a mucosal adenoviral vaccine encoding mycobacterial Ag85B. Vaccine 2016; 34:6267-6275. [PMID: 27823900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major public health hazard worldwide, with neonates and young infants potentially more susceptible to infection than adults. BCG, the only vaccine currently available, provides some protection against tuberculous meningitis in children but variable efficacy in adults, and is not safe to use in immune compromised individuals. A safe and effective vaccine that could be given early in life, and that could also potentiate subsequent booster immunization, would represent a significant advance. To test this proposition, we have generated gene-based vaccine vectors expressing Ag85B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and designed experiments to test their immunogenicity and protective efficacy particularly when given in heterologous prime-boost combination, with the initial DNA vaccine component given soon after birth. Intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines elicited Th1-based immune responses against Ag85B in neonatal mice but did not protect them from subsequent aerosol challenge with virulent Mtb H37Rv. Recombinant adenovirus vectors encoding Ag85B, given via the intranasal route at six weeks of age, generated moderate immune responses and were poorly protective. However, neonatal DNA priming following by mucosal boosting with recombinant adenovirus generated strong immune responses, as evidenced by strong Ag85B-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, both in the lung-associated lymph nodes and the spleen, by the quality of these responding cells (assessed by their capacity to secrete multiple antimicrobial factors), and by improved protection, as indicated by reduced bacterial burden in the lungs following pulmonary TB challenge. These results suggest that neonatal immunization with gene-based vaccines may create a favorable immunological environment that potentiates the pulmonary mucosal boosting effects of a subsequent heterologous vector vaccine encoding the same antigen. Our data indicate that immunization early in life with mycobacterial antigens in an appropriate vaccine setting can prime for protective immunity against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hamada F Rady
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Weitao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Internal Medicine, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Carol Mason
- Internal Medicine, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Alistair J Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Internal Medicine, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, LSUHSC-New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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26
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Guapillo C, Hernández-Pando R, Flores-Valdez MA. Multiantigenic subunitary vaccines against tuberculosis in clinical trials: Where do we stand and where do we need to go? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1193-5. [PMID: 27049797 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1136760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea of presenting this commentary is to bring attention to the current status of clinical tests from several multiantigen vaccine candidates based on proteins produced by means of genetic engineering and molecular biology approaches and to suggest how new emerging technologies (OMICs) and bioinformatics might benefit vaccine development for better control of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Guapillo
- a Sección de Patología Experimental , Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Mexico DF
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- a Sección de Patología Experimental , Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán" , Mexico DF
| | - Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez
- b Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Col. Colinas de la Normal , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
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27
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Grover A, McLean JL, Troudt JM, Foster C, Izzo L, Creissen E, MacDonald E, Troy A, Izzo AA. Heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an adjuvant for the induction of vaccine-mediated immunity against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccine 2016; 34:2798-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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Teng X, Tian M, Li J, Tan S, Yuan X, Yu Q, Jing Y, Zhang Z, Yue T, Zhou L, Fan X. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DMT liposome-adjuvanted tuberculosis subunit CTT3H vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1456-64. [PMID: 25905680 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1037057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies have been proposed for the development of protein subunit vaccine candidates for tuberculosis (TB), which shows better safety than other types of candidates and the currently used Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. In order to develop more effective protein subunits depending on the mechanism of cell-mediated immunity against TB, a polyprotein CTT3H, based on 5 immunodominant antigens (CFP10, TB10.4, TB8.4, Rv3615c, and HBHA) with CD8(+) epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was constructed in this study. We vaccinated C57BL/6 mice with a TB subunit CTT3H protein in an adjuvant of dimethyldioctadecylammonium/monophosphoryl lipid A/trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (DDA/MPL/TDB, DMT) liposome to investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this novel vaccine. Our results demonstrated that DMT liposome-adjuvanted CTT3H vaccine not only induced an antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 response, but also raised the number of PPD- and CTT3H-specific IFN-γ(+) CD8(+) T cells and elicited strong CTL responses against TB10.4, which provided more effective protection against a 60 CFU M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge than PBS control and DMT adjuvant alone. Our findings indicate that DMT-liposome is an effective adjuvant to stimulate CD8(+) T cell responses and the DMT-adjuvanted subunit CTT3H vaccine is a promising candidate for the next generation of TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Teng
- a Department of Pathogen Biology; School of Basic Medicine; Huazhong University of Science & Technology ; Wuhan , PR China
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29
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Rady HF, Dai G, Huang W, Shellito JE, Ramsay AJ. Flagellin Encoded in Gene-Based Vector Vaccines Is a Route-Dependent Immune Adjuvant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148701. [PMID: 26844553 PMCID: PMC4742079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin has been tested as a protein-based vaccine adjuvant, with the majority of studies focused on antibody responses. Here, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of flagellin for both cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice in the setting of gene-based immunization, and have made several novel observations. DNA vaccines and adenovirus (Ad) vectors were engineered to encode mycobacterial protein Ag85B, with or without flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium (FliC). DNA-encoded flagellin given IM enhanced splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to co-expressed vaccine antigen, including memory responses. Boosting either IM or intranasally with Ad vectors expressing Ag85B without flagellin led to durable enhancement of Ag85B-specific antibody and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in both spleen and pulmonary tissues, correlating with significantly improved protection against challenge with pathogenic aerosolized M. tuberculosis. However, inclusion of flagellin in both DNA prime and Ad booster vaccines induced localized pulmonary inflammation and transient weight loss, with route-dependent effects on vaccine-induced T cell immunity. The latter included marked reductions in levels of mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses following IM DNA/IN Ad mucosal prime-boosting, although antibody responses were not diminished. These findings indicate that flagellin has differential and route-dependent adjuvant activity when included as a component of systemic or mucosally-delivered gene-based prime-boost immunization. Clear adjuvant activity for both T and B cell responses was observed when flagellin was included in the DNA priming vaccine, but side effects occurred when given in an Ad boosting vector, particularly via the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F. Rady
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Guixiang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Weitao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Judd E. Shellito
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Vaccine Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Xu ZZ, Chen X, Hu T, Meng C, Wang XB, Rao Y, Zhang XM, Yin YL, Pan ZM, Jiao XA. Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy Elicited by Mycobacterium bovis BCG Overexpressing Ag85A Protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aerosol Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:3. [PMID: 26858942 PMCID: PMC4729882 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the only vaccine available for preventing tuberculosis (TB), however, BCG has varying success in preventing pulmonary TB. In this study, a recombinant BCG (rBCG::Ag85A) strain overexpressing the immunodominant Ag85A antigen was constructed, and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated. Our results indicated that the Ag85A protein was successfully overexpressed in rBCG::Ag85A, and the Ag85A peptide–MHC complexes on draining lymph node dendritic cells of C57BL/6 mice infected with rBCG::Ag85A were detectable 4 h post-infection. The C57BL/6 mice infected with this strain had stronger antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses and higher antibody titers than those immunized with BCG, and the protective experiments showed that rBCG::Ag85A can enhance protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) H37Rv infection compared to the BCG vaccine alone. Our results demonstrate the potential of rBCG::Ag85A as a candidate vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Rao
- ABSL-3 Lab, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Ming Zhang
- Unit of Innate Defense and Immune Modulation, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Ming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, China
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31
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Jeyanathan M, Thanthrige-Don N, Afkhami S, Lai R, Damjanovic D, Zganiacz A, Feng X, Yao XD, Rosenthal KL, Medina MF, Gauldie J, Ertl HC, Xing Z. Novel chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored respiratory mucosal tuberculosis vaccine: overcoming local anti-human adenovirus immunity for potent TB protection. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:1373-87. [PMID: 25872483 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains to be a major global health problem despite many decades of parenteral use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Developing safe and effective respiratory mucosal TB vaccines represents a unique challenge. Over the past decade or so, the human serotype 5 adenovirus (AdHu5)-based TB vaccine has emerged as one of the most promising candidates based on a plethora of preclinical and early clinical studies. However, anti-AdHu5 immunity widely present in the lung of humans poses a serious gap and limitation to its real-world applications. In this study we have developed a novel chimpanzee adenovirus 68 (AdCh68)-vectored TB vaccine amenable to the respiratory route of vaccination. We have evaluated AdCh68-based TB vaccine for its safety, T-cell immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in relevant animal models of human pulmonary TB with or without parenteral BCG priming. We have also compared AdCh68-based TB vaccine with its AdHu5 counterpart in both naive animals and those with preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity in the lung. We provide compelling evidence that AdCh68-based TB vaccine is not only safe when delivered to the respiratory tract but, importantly, is also superior to its AdHu5 counterpart in induction of T-cell responses and immune protection, and limiting lung immunopathology in the presence of preexisting anti-AdHu5 immunity in the lung. Our findings thus suggest AdCh68-based TB vaccine to be an ideal candidate for respiratory mucosal immunization, endorsing its further clinical development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Thanthrige-Don
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Lai
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Damjanovic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Zganiacz
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - X Feng
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - X-D Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K L Rosenthal
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Fe Medina
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Gauldie
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - H C Ertl
- Department of Immunology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Z Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Yuan X, Teng X, Jing Y, Ma J, Tian M, Yu Q, Zhou L, Wang R, Wang W, Li L, Fan X. A live attenuated BCG vaccine overexpressing multistage antigens Ag85B and HspX provides superior protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10587-95. [PMID: 26363555 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most menacing infectious diseases, although attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been widely used to protect children against primary TB. There are increasing evidences that rapid growing and dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) coexist in vivo after infection. However, BCG vaccine only elicits cell-mediated immune responses to secretory antigens expressed by rapid growing pathogen. BCG vaccine is thus unable to thwart the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and its protection wanes over age after neonatal immunization. In order to extend its ability for a durable protection, a novel recombinant BCG (rBCG) strain, named rBCG::XB, was constructed by overexpressing immunodominant multistage antigens of Ag85B and HspX, which are expressed by both rapid replicating and dormant M. tuberculosis. Long-term protective effect and immunogenicity of rBCG::XB were compared with the parental BCG in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that rBCG::XB provided the stronger and long-lasting protection against M. tuberculosis H37Rv intranasal infection than BCG. The rBCG::XB not only elicited the more durable multistage antigen-specific CD4(+)Th1-biased immune responses and specific polyfunctional CD4(+)T cells but also augmented the CD8(+) CTL effects against Ag85B in vivo. In particular, higher levels of CD4(+) TEM and CD8(+) TCM cells, dominated by IL2(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) TCM cells, were obtained in the spleen of rBCG::XB vaccinated mice. Therefore, our findings indicate that rBCG::XB is a promising candidate to improve the efficacy of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Teng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Jing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Maopeng Tian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Beijing Pushikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibo Wang
- Beijing Pushikang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Dalmia N, Klimstra WB, Mason C, Ramsay AJ. DNA-Launched Alphavirus Replicons Encoding a Fusion of Mycobacterial Antigens Acr and Ag85B Are Immunogenic and Protective in a Murine Model of TB Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136635. [PMID: 26317509 PMCID: PMC4552820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for effective prophylactic measures against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, particularly given the highly variable efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Most studies indicate that cell-mediated immune responses involving both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are necessary for effective immunity against Mtb. Genetic vaccination induces humoral and cellular immune responses, including CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, against a variety of bacterial, viral, parasitic and tumor antigens, and this strategy may therefore hold promise for the development of more effective TB vaccines. Novel formulations and delivery strategies to improve the immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines have recently been evaluated, and have shown varying degrees of success. In the present study, we evaluated DNA-launched Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicons (Vrep) encoding a novel fusion of the mycobacterial antigens α-crystallin (Acr) and antigen 85B (Ag85B), termed Vrep-Acr/Ag85B, for their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model of pulmonary TB. Vrep-Acr/Ag85B generated antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that persisted for at least 10 wk post-immunization. Interestingly, parenterally administered Vrep-Acr/Ag85B also induced T cell responses in the lung tissues, the primary site of infection, and inhibited bacterial growth in both the lungs and spleens following aerosol challenge with Mtb. DNA-launched Vrep may, therefore, represent an effective approach to the development of gene-based vaccines against TB, particularly as components of heterologous prime-boost strategies or as BCG boosters.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Mice
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Replicon/immunology
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/genetics
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- alpha-Crystallins/genetics
- alpha-Crystallins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dalmia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - William B. Klimstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carol Mason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alistair J. Ramsay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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In silico epitope analysis of unique and membrane associated proteins from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for immunogenicity and vaccine evaluation. J Theor Biol 2015; 384:1-9. [PMID: 26279134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis disease affecting ruminants worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify potential candidate antigens and epitopes by bio and immuno-informatic tools which could be later evaluated as vaccines and/or diagnosis. 110 protein sequences were selected from MAP K-10 genome database: 48 classified as putative enzymes involved in surface polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, as membrane associated and secreted proteins, 32 as conserved membrane proteins, and 30 as absent from other mycobacterial genomes. These 110 proteins were preliminary screened for Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II affinity and promiscuity using ProPred program. In addition, subcellular localization and host protein homology was analyzed. From these analyses, 23 MAP proteins were selected for a more accurate inmunoinformatic analysis (i.e. T cell and B cell epitopes analysis) and for homology with mycobacterial proteins. Finally, eleven MAP proteins were identified as potential candidates for further immunogenic evaluation: six proteins (MAP0228c, MAP1239c, MAP2232, MAP3080, MAP3131 and MAP3890) were identified as presenting potential T cell epitopes, while 5 selected proteins (MAP0232c, MAP1240c, MAP1738, MAP2239 and MAP3641c) harbored a large numbers of epitopes predicted to induce both cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses. Moreover, immunogenicity of selected epitopes from MAP1239c were evaluated in IFN-γ release assay. In summary, eleven M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins were identified by in silico analysis and need to be further evaluated for their immunodiagnostic and vaccine potential in field and mice model.
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Carpenter C, Sidney J, Kolla R, Nayak K, Tomiyama H, Tomiyama C, Padilla OA, Rozot V, Ahamed SF, Ponte C, Rolla V, Antas PR, Chandele A, Kenneth J, Laxmi S, Makgotlho E, Vanini V, Ippolito G, Kazanova AS, Panteleev AV, Hanekom W, Mayanja-Kizza H, Lewinsohn D, Saito M, McElrath MJ, Boom WH, Goletti D, Gilman R, Lyadova IV, Scriba TJ, Kallas EG, Murali-Krishna K, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. A side-by-side comparison of T cell reactivity to fifty-nine Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in diverse populations from five continents. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:713-721. [PMID: 26277695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared T cell recognition of 59 prevalently recognized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens in individuals latently infected with MTB (LTBI), and uninfected individuals with previous BCG vaccination, from nine locations and populations with different HLA distribution, MTB exposure rates, and standards of TB care. This comparison revealed similar response magnitudes in diverse LTBI and BCG-vaccinated cohorts and significant correlation between responses in LTBIs from the USA and other locations. Many antigens were uniformly recognized, suggesting suitability for inclusion in vaccines targeting diverse populations. Several antigens were similarly immunodominant in LTBI and BCG cohorts, suggesting applicability for vaccines aimed at boosting BCG responses. The panel of MTB antigens will be valuable for characterizing MTB-specific CD4 T cell responses irrespective of ethnicity, infecting MTB strains and BCG vaccination status. Our results illustrate how a comparative analysis can provide insight into the relative immunogenicity of existing and novel vaccine candidates in LTBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Carpenter
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Ravi Kolla
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Helena Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar A Padilla
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Syed F Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Carlos Ponte
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Rolla
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Antas
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - John Kenneth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Sciences, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala 2 Block, Bangaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India
| | - Seetha Laxmi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangaluru, 560034, India
| | - Edward Makgotlho
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra S Kazanova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Panteleev
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Willem Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Mayuko Saito
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA; Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima, Peru; Department of Virology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98109, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA; Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima, Peru
| | - Irina V Lyadova
- Department of Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Central Tuberculosis Research Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Emory Vaccine Center, 1501 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA
| | - Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, 92037, USA.
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36
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Liang J, Teng X, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Shi C, Yue T, Zhou L, Li J, Fan X. Enhanced and durable protective immune responses induced by a cocktail of recombinant BCG strains expressing antigens of multistage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Bruffaerts N, Pedersen LE, Vandermeulen G, Préat V, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Huygen K, Romano M. Increased B and T Cell Responses in M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccinated Pigs Co-Immunized with Plasmid DNA Encoding a Prototype Tuberculosis Antigen. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132288. [PMID: 26172261 PMCID: PMC4501720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The only tuberculosis vaccine currently available, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a poor inducer of CD8(+) T cells, which are particularly important for the control of latent tuberculosis and protection against reactivation. As the induction of strong CD8(+) T cell responses is a hallmark of DNA vaccines, a combination of BCG with plasmid DNA encoding a prototype TB antigen (Ag85A) was tested. As an alternative animal model, pigs were primed with BCG mixed with empty vector or codon-optimized pAg85A by the intradermal route and boosted with plasmid delivered by intramuscular electroporation. Control pigs received unformulated BCG. The BCG-pAg85A combination stimulated robust and sustained Ag85A specific antibody, lymphoproliferative, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ responses. IgG1/IgG2 antibody isotype ratio reflected the Th1 helper type biased response. T lymphocyte responses against purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) were induced in all (BCG) vaccinated animals, but responses were much stronger in BCG-pAg85A vaccinated pigs. Finally, Ag85A-specific IFN-γ producing CD8(+) T cells were detected by intracellular cytokine staining and a synthetic peptide, spanning Ag85A131-150 and encompassing two regions with strong predicted SLA-1*0401/SLA-1*0801 binding affinity, was promiscuously recognized by 6/6 animals vaccinated with the BCG-pAg85A combination. Our study provides a proof of concept in a large mammalian species, for a new Th1 and CD8(+) targeting tuberculosis vaccine, based on BCG-plasmid DNA co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bruffaerts
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute for Public Health (WIV-ISP Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lasse E. Pedersen
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, Technical University of Denmark, Bulowsvej Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden
- Division Infection Biology Central Veterinary Institute, Part of Wageningen U(niversity)&R(esearch); Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Kris Huygen
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute for Public Health (WIV-ISP Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Marta Romano
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute for Public Health (WIV-ISP Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
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Alyahya SA, Nolan ST, Smith CMR, Bishai WR, Sadoff J, Lamichhane G. Immunogenicity without Efficacy of an Adenoviral Tuberculosis Vaccine in a Stringent Mouse Model for Immunotherapy during Treatment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127907. [PMID: 25996375 PMCID: PMC4440646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate if bacterial persistence during TB drug treatment could be overcome by modulation of host immunity, we adapted a clinically-relevant model developed for the evaluation of new drugs and examined if immunotherapy with two adenoviral vaccines, Ad35-TBS (AERAS-402) and Ad26-TBS, could shorten therapy in mice. Even though immunotherapy resulted in strong splenic IFN-γ responses, no effect on bacterial replication in the lungs was seen. Multiplex assay analysis of lung samples revealed the absence of cytokine augmentation such as IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2, suggesting that immunization failed to induce immunity in the lungs. In this model, we show that IFN-γ levels were not associated with protection against disease relapse. The results obtained from our study raise questions regarding the traits of protective TB immunity that are relevant for the development of future immunotherapeutic and post-exposure vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Anisah Alyahya
- Crucell Holland B.V., Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (SAA); (JS); (GL)
| | - Scott T. Nolan
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cara M. R. Smith
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- HHMI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jerald Sadoff
- Crucell Holland B.V., Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (SAA); (JS); (GL)
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAA); (JS); (GL)
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39
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Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offered by a new multistage subunit vaccine correlates with increased number of IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122560. [PMID: 25822536 PMCID: PMC4378938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein subunit vaccines present a compelling new area of research for control of tuberculosis (TB). Based on the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its host, five stage-specific antigens of M. tuberculosis that participate in TB pathogenesis—Rv1813, Rv2660c, Ag85B, Rv2623, and HspX—were selected. These antigens were verified to be recognized by T cells from a total of 42 whole blood samples obtained from active TB patients, patients with latent TB infections (LTBIs), and healthy control donors. The multistage polyprotein A1D4 was developed using the selected five antigens as a potentially more effective novel subunit vaccine. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of A1D4 emulsified in the adjuvant MTO [monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), trehalose-6,6′-dibehenate (TDB), components of MF59] was compared with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that A1D4/MTO could provide more significant protection against M. tuberculosis infection than the PBS control or MTO adjuvant alone judging from the A1D4-specific Th1-type immune response; however, its efficacy was inferior to BCG as demonstrated by the bacterial load in the lung and spleen, and by the pathological changes in the lung. Antigen-specific single IL-2-secreting cells and different combinations with IL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells were beneficial and correlated with BCG vaccine-induced protection against TB. Antigen-specific IFN-γ+IL-2+ CD4+ T cells were the only effective biomarker significantly induced by A1D4/MTO. Among all groups, A1D4/MTO immunization also conferred the highest number of antigen-specific single IFN-γ+ and IFN-γ+TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, which might be related to the antigen load in vivo, and single IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells by mimicking the immune patterns of LTBIs or curable TB patients. Our strategy seems promising for the development of a TB vaccine based on multistage antigens, and subunit antigen A1D4 suspended in MTO adjuvant warrants preclinical evaluation in animal models of latent infection and may boost BCG vaccination.
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Aghababa H, Mohabati Mobarez A, Khoramabadi N, Behmanesh M, Mahdavi M, Tebianian M, Nejati M. A comparative approach to strategies for cloning, expression, and purification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolyl transferase 85B and evaluation of immune responses in BALB/c mice. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:487-97. [PMID: 24619477 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein antigens have drawn a lot of attention from investigators working on tuberculosis vaccines. These proteins can be used to improve the immunogenicity of the new generation BCG vaccines or even replace them completely. Recombinant technology is used to insure the production of pure mycobacterial antigens in high quantities. Mycolyl transferase 85B (Ag85B) is a potent, mycobacterial antigen that significantly stimulates immune responses. Since Ag85B is an apolar protein, production of the water-soluble antigen is of interest. In this work, we report a systematic optimization strategy concerning cloning systems and purification methods, aiming at increasing the yield of recombinant Ag85B. Our optimized method resulted in a yield of 8 mg of recombinant Ag85B from 1 liter of induced culture (400 μg/ml) by using pET32a(+), Escherichia coli Rosseta-gami™(DE3) pLysS and a Ni-NTA agarose-based procedure and on-column re-solubilization. The purified recombinant Ag85B showed strong immunostimulating properties by inducing high levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IgG2a in immunized mice, therefore it can effectively be applied in TB vaccine researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Aghababa
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem and novel vaccination regimens are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED DNA vaccines against TB have been tested in various preclinical models and strategies have been developed to increase their immunogenicity in large animal species. DNA vaccines are able to induce a wide variety of immune responses, including CD8(+) T-cell-mediated cytolytic and IFN-γ responses. DNA vaccination may be valuable in heterologous prime-boost strategies with the currently used bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. This approach could broaden the antigenic repertoire of BCG and enhance its weak induction of MHC class I-restricted immune responses. EXPERT OPINION DNA vaccines offer a number of advantages over certain other types of vaccines, such as the induction of robust MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), their generic manufacturing platform and their relatively low manufacturing costs. Because of their strong potential for inducing memory responses, DNA vaccines are particularly suited for priming immune responses. Furthermore, DNA vaccine technology may help antigen discovery by facilitating screening of candidate vaccines. Co-administration of BCG with plasmid DNA coding for immunodominant, subdominant and phase-specific antigens, poorly expressed by BCG, may lead to the development of improved TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bruffaerts
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, O.D. CID-Immunology , Engelandstraat 642, Brussels, B1180 , Belgium
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42
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Beverley PCL, Ruzsics Z, Hey A, Hutchings C, Boos S, Bolinger B, Marchi E, O'Hara G, Klenerman P, Koszinowski UH, Tchilian EZ. A novel murine cytomegalovirus vaccine vector protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2306-16. [PMID: 25070842 PMCID: PMC4134927 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health problem so that a more effective vaccine than bacillus Calmette–Guérin is urgently needed. Cytomegaloviruses persist lifelong in vivo and induce powerful immune and increasing (“inflationary”) responses, making them attractive vaccine vectors. We have used an m1–m16-deleted recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag 85A to show that infection of mice with this recombinant significantly reduces the mycobacterial load after challenge with M. tuberculosis, whereas control empty virus has a lesser effect. Both viruses induce immune responses to H-2d–restricted epitopes of MCMV pp89 and M18 Ags characteristic of infection with other MCMVs. A low frequency of 85A-specific memory cells could be revealed by in vivo or in vitro boosting or after challenge with M. tuberculosis. Kinetic analysis of M. tuberculosis growth in the lungs of CMV-infected mice shows early inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth abolished by treatment with NK-depleting anti–asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide Ab. Microarray analysis of the lungs of naive and CMV-infected mice shows increased IL-21 mRNA in infected mice, whereas in vitro NK assays indicate increased levels of NK activity. These data indicate that activation of NK cells by MCMV provides early nonspecific protection against M. tuberculosis, potentiated by a weak 85A-specific T cell response, and they reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays an important role in both natural and vaccine-induced protection against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C L Beverley
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ariann Hey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Claire Hutchings
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simone Boos
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Bolinger
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Geraldine O'Hara
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ulrich H Koszinowski
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elma Z Tchilian
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
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43
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Fuchs M, Kämpfer S, Helmsing S, Spallek R, Oehlmann W, Prilop W, Frank R, Dübel S, Singh M, Hust M. Novel human recombinant antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:68. [PMID: 25033887 PMCID: PMC4119940 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to bacterial infections worldwide, mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The antigen 85 complex comprises a set of major secreted proteins of M. tuberculosis, which are potential biomarkers for diagnostic. Results In this work, the first human single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific for the tuberculosis biomarker 85 B were selected by phage display from naïve antibody gene libraries (HAL7/8). Produced as scFv-Fc in mammalian cells, these antibodies were further characterized and analysed for specificity and applicability in different tuberculosis antigen detection assays. Sandwich detection of recombinant 85 B was successful in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow immunoassay and immunoblot. Whereas detection of M. tuberculosis cell extracts and culture filtrates was only possible in direct ELISA and immunoblot assays. It was found that the conformation of 85 B, depending on sample treatment, influenced antigen detection. Conclusions Recombinant antibodies, selected by phage display, may be applicable for 85 B detection in various assays. These antibodies are candidates for the development of future point of care tuberculosis diagnostic kits. Using 85 B as a biomarker, the antigen conformation influenced by sample treatment is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr,7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Huygen K. The Immunodominant T-Cell Epitopes of the Mycolyl-Transferases of the Antigen 85 Complex of M. tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:321. [PMID: 25071781 PMCID: PMC4089088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ag85 complex is a 30–32 kDa family of three proteins (Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C), which all three possess enzymatic mycolyl-transferase activity involved in the coupling of mycolic acids to the arabinogalactan of the cell wall and in the biogenesis of cord factor. By virtue of their strong potential to induce Th1-type immune responses, important for the control of intracellular infections, members of the Ag85 family rank among the most promising TB vaccine candidate antigens. Ag85A and Ag85B, initially purified from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)/Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate respectively, induce strong T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production in most healthy individuals latently infected with M. tuberculosis and in BCG-vaccinated mice and humans but not in tuberculosis patients. Members of the Ag85 complex are highly conserved in other mycobacterial species. Mice and humans infected with Mycobacterium ulcerans or cattle infected with M. bovis or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis also show strong T-cell responses to this protein family. Using synthetic overlapping peptides, bio-informatic prediction programs and tetramer-binding studies, a number of immunodominant CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes have been identified in experimental animal models as well as in humans, using proliferation and Th1 cytokine secretion as main read-outs. The results from these studies are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Huygen
- Service Immunology, O.D. Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
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45
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rBCG30-induced immunity and cross-protection against Mycobacterium leprae challenge are enhanced by boosting with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-kilodalton antigen 85B. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3900-9. [PMID: 25001602 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01499-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy remains a major global health problem and typically occurs in regions in which tuberculosis is endemic. Vaccines are needed that protect against both infections and do so better than the suboptimal Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. Here, we evaluated rBCG30, a vaccine previously demonstrated to induce protection superior to that of BCG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis challenge in animal models, for efficacy against Mycobacterium leprae challenge in a murine model of leprosy. rBCG30 overexpresses the M. tuberculosis 30-kDa major secretory protein antigen 85B, which is 85% homologous with the M. leprae homolog (r30ML). Mice were sham immunized or immunized intradermally with BCG or rBCG30 and challenged 2.5 months later by injection of viable M. leprae into each hind footpad. After 7 months, vaccine efficacy was assessed by enumerating the M. leprae bacteria per footpad. Both BCG and rBCG30 induced significant protection against M. leprae challenge. In the one experiment in which a comparison between BCG and rBCG30 was feasible, rBCG30 induced significantly greater protection than did BCG. Immunization of mice with purified M. tuberculosis or M. leprae antigen 85B also induced protection against M. leprae challenge but less so than BCG or rBCG30. Notably, boosting rBCG30 with M. tuberculosis antigen 85B significantly enhanced r30ML-specific immune responses, substantially more so than boosting BCG, and significantly augmented protection against M. leprae challenge. Thus, rBCG30, a vaccine that induces improved protection against M. tuberculosis, induces cross-protection against M. leprae that is comparable or potentially superior to that induced by BCG, and boosting rBCG30 with antigen 85B further enhances immune responses and protective efficacy.
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46
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Alves Da Silva D, Cavalcanti MAR, Muniz De Oliveira F, Trentini MM, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, Kipnis A. Immunogenicity of a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine expressing the fusion protein CMX in cattle from Goiás State, Brazil. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:977-84. [PMID: 24681608 PMCID: PMC4143659 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine expressing the CMX fusion protein composed of immunodominant epitopes Ag85C, MPT51 and HspX of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are important mycobacteria virulence factors. A group of Nelore heifers that were 10 to 12 months of age and negative for the tuberculin skin test (TST) were immunized with four doses of the recombinant vaccine mc(2)-CMX (M. smegmatis-Ag85C-MPT51-HspX) during a period of one year. Before each immunization, blood was collected to obtain sera for antibody analysis. Serological analysis demonstrated that mc(2)-CMX was able to induce a humoral response with increased levels of specific IgG antibodies against CMX, despite minimum antibody levels being detected for individual Ag85C, MPT51 or HspX recombinant antigens. However, there was no significant increase in specific CD4(+) IFN-γ-positive T cells. Lymphadenomegaly was observed in superficial cervical lymph nodes adjacent to the site of vaccination among mc(2)-CMX-vaccinated bovines, and the histopathological analysis demonstrated follicular hyperplasia without inflammatory infiltrate or granuloma formation. Animals remained negative for the TST until the end of the experiments, showing no cross-reactivity with the recombinant vaccine and tuberculin proteins. We discuss the potential of mc(2)-CMX to induce an immune response in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanne Alves Da Silva
- Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235 esquina com 1a Avenida, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74605-050, Brazil
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Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A. Definition of CD4 Immunosignatures Associated with MTB. Front Immunol 2014; 5:124. [PMID: 24715893 PMCID: PMC3970006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently described the first true genome-wide screen for CD4(+) T-cell reactivity directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in latent TB-infected individuals. The approach relied on predictions of HLA-binding capacity for a panel of DR, DP, and DQ alleles representative of those most commonly expressed in the general population, coupled with high throughput ELISPOT assays. The results identified hundreds of novel epitopes and antigens, and documented the novel observation that T cells in latent MTB infection are confined to the CXCR3(+)CCR6(+) phenotype and largely directed against three antigenic "islands" within the MTB genome. In parallel, we have made generally available to the scientific community the technical approaches and reagents developed in the process, such as motifs, algorithms, and binding assays for several common HLA class II alleles, and a panel of single allele HLA class II transfected cell lines representative of the most frequent specificities in the general population. Recent efforts have been focused on characterization of epitopes and antigens recognized by patients with active TB and individuals vaccinated with BCG, with the aim of providing the first systematic evaluation of the overlap between latent, active, and BCG cohorts. The definition of a broad range of epitopes restricted by common HLA molecules, will facilitate development of diagnostic reagents, allow a rigorous evaluation of T-cell responses associated with TB infection in humans, and enable the evaluation of the immunogenicity of different vaccine candidates. Furthermore, it might suggest new candidates for vaccine and diagnostic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
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48
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49
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Deng YH, He HY, Zhang FJ. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy conferred by a novel recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain expressing interleukin-12p70 of human cytokine and Ag85A of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:497-506. [PMID: 24283772 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization provides protection against tuberculosis (TB) in infants, but the antituberculosis protective immunity wanes gradually after initial immunization and lasts less than 15 years. Therefore, more efficacious vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, we constructed a new tuberculosis vaccine of recombinant BCG strain (rBCG-IA), which could express IL-12p70 of human cytokine and Ag85A of M. tuberculosis fusion protein, and investigated its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice by measuring antibody titres, proliferation rate of splenocytes, ratios of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells stimulated by specific antigens and levels of IFN-γ production in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. Meanwhile, we evaluated its protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection through detecting lung histopathology, organ bacterial loads and lung acid-fast stain. Immunogenicity experiments illustrated that from 2nd to 8th week after immunization, the rBCG-IA vaccine was able to induce the highest level of antibody titres, proliferation rate of splenocytes and IFN-γ production among groups and gained improved ratio of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells from 6th to 8th week after vaccination. And from 2nd to 8th week after M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection, the score of pathology and bacterial loads in the rBCG-IA group were obviously lower than that in rBCG-I group, rBCG-A group or control group (PBST group), but similar to that in BCG group. This study suggested that rBCG-IA was able to elicit stronger humoral and cellular immune responses, but could only confer similar protective efficacy compared with its parental BCG vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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50
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Hedhli D, Denis O, Barkan D, Daffé M, Glickman MS, Huygen K. M.tuberculosis mutants lacking oxygenated mycolates show increased immunogenicity and protective efficacy as compared to M. bovis BCG vaccine in an experimental mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76442. [PMID: 24146869 PMCID: PMC3798287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing vaccine against tuberculosis (M. bovis BCG) exerts some protection against the extrapulmonary forms of the disease, particularly in young children, but is not very effective against the pulmonary form of TB, which often results from the reactivation of a latent M. tuberculosis (M.tb)infection. Among the new approaches in TB vaccine development, live attenuated M.tb mutants are a promising new avenue. Here we report on the vaccine potential of two highly attenuated M.tb mutants, MGM1991 and M.tbhma::hyg (HMA), lacking all oxygenated mycolates in their cell wall. In C57BL/6 mice, stronger Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and IL-17 responses could be induced following subcutaneous vaccination with either of the two mutants, than following vaccination with M. bovis BCG. Significantly more mycobacteria specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ and particularly CD8+ T cells could be detected by intracellular cytokine staining in mice vaccinated with the M.tb mutants. Finally, vaccination with either of the two mutants conferred stronger protection against intratracheal M.tb challenge than vaccination with BCG, as indicated by reduced bacterial replication in lungs at 4 to 12 weeks after challenge. Protection against M. tb dissemination, as indicated by reduced bacterial numbers in spleen, was comparable for both mutants to protection conferred by BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Hedhli
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP, Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Denis
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP, Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Barkan
- Immunology Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- Département de Mécanismes Moléculaires des Infections Mycobactériennes, Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale du CNRS et de l'Université Paul Sabatier (UMR 5089), Toulouse, France
| | - Michael S. Glickman
- Immunology Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kris Huygen
- Service Immunology, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP, Site Ukkel), Brussels, Belgium
- *E-mail:
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