1
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Jacobo-Delgado YM, Rodríguez-Carlos A, Serrano CJ, Rivas-Santiago B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-wall and antimicrobial peptides: a mission impossible? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194923. [PMID: 37266428 PMCID: PMC10230078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most important infectious agents worldwide and causes more than 1.5 million deaths annually. To make matters worse, the drug resistance among Mtb strains has risen substantially in the last few decades. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to find patients infected with Mtb strains that are virtually resistant to all antibiotics, which has led to the urgent search for new molecules and therapies. Over previous decades, several studies have demonstrated the efficiency of antimicrobial peptides to eliminate even multidrug-resistant bacteria, making them outstanding candidates to counterattack this growing health problem. Nevertheless, the complexity of the Mtb cell wall makes us wonder whether antimicrobial peptides can effectively kill this persistent Mycobacterium. In the present review, we explore the complexity of the Mtb cell wall and analyze the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides to eliminate the bacilli.
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2
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Tong J, Guan X, Jiang S, Sun L. A saposin domain-containing protein of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis: Antimicrobial activity and mechanism. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104633. [PMID: 36610645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin is a precursor that can be processed into four different saposins, designated as A, B, C, and D, which have multiple functions in mammals, including neuroprotection and immune modulation. The immune function of saposin in teleost remains largely unknown. In the present study, a saposin (SAP) domain-containing protein was identified in half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis and named CsSDP. CsSDP harbors one SAP A domain and two SAP B domains. When expressed in HEK293T cells, CsSDP was specifically localized in the lysosome. When overexpressed in Escherichia coli, CsSDP markedly inhibited bacterial growth, and the inhibitory effect depended on two specific regions in the SAP A and SAP B domains. Two polypeptides (P32 and P30) derived from the above SAP A and B domains could bind to and inhibit the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that P32 and P30 killed target bacteria by disrupting the bacterial cell wall and inducing substantial release of cytoplasmic contents. These results shed new lights on the immune function of saposin domain-containing protein in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhou Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolu Guan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
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3
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Ruan ZH, Huang W, Li YF, Jiang LS, Lu ZQ, Luo YY, Zhang XQ, Liu WS. The antibacterial activity of a novel NK-lysin homolog and its molecular characterization and expression in the striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:256-263. [PMID: 35750117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila was a common bacterial pathogen in aquaculture resulting in considerable losses to the striped catfish aquaculture industry. As an emergent antimicrobial peptide (AMP), NK-lysin (NKL) had activity against various microorganisms. However, the antibacterial activity of NKL from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) both in vitro and vivo remains unclear. In this study, the cDNA sequence of P. hypophthalmus NK-lysin gene (PhNK-lysin) was cloned and characterized. The amino acid sequence of PhNK-lysin contains a signal peptide sequence of 17 amino acid (aa) residues and a mature peptide composed of 130 aa. The saposin B domain of mature peptide comprised six conserved cysteines forming three putative disulfide bonds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PhNK-lysin was most closely related to that of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) NK-lysin. The transcriptional levels of the PhNK-lysin were significantly upregulated in response to A. hydrophila infection in various tissues including heart, liver, spleen, head kidney, trunk kidney and gill. The synthetic PhNK-lysin-derived peptide consisting of 38aa showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveii, Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. The MIC for V. harveii, A. hydrophila and E. coli were 15.625 μM, 250 μM and 31.25 μM respectively. Besides, the synthetic PhNK-lysin decreased the bacterial load of liver and trunk kidney in vivo as well as increased the survival rate of A. hydrophila infected striped catfish. Hence, these data suggest that PhNK-lysin had antimicrobial effect and protects the host from pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Ruan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi-Fu Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Sen Jiang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Quan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Immunization and Aquaculture Health Techniques, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, China.
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4
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Chen RY, Chen J, Liu ZM, Lin ZH, Guo ZP. Barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NK-lysin protects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection via immunomodulatory activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104114. [PMID: 33945835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins (NKLs) are a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides that have activity against various microorganisms. However, the immunomodulatory activity of NKL in fish remains unclear. In this study, the cDNA sequence of barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NKL gene was cloned. Barbel steed NKL amino acid sequence comprised a signal peptide and a mature peptide. The saposin B domain in the mature peptide has six conserved cysteines that form three disulfide bonds. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the barbel steed NKL was most closely related to that of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) NKL. Differential expression analysis showed that the barbel steed NKL gene was expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in the spleen. In response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, NKL was significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, head kidney, and gill. The barbel steed NKL showed strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, and Listeria monocytogenes. However, NKL had no antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila. Lactate dehydrogenase release assays showed that NKL damaged the V. parahaemolyticus cell membrane. NKL significantly increased barbel steed survival rate after A. hydrophila infection and upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the spleen and head kidney. NKL induced monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and enhanced the respiratory burst and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Our study shows that fish NKL exhibits immunomodulatory effects and protects the host from pathogenic infections independent of direct bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yi Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Guo
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
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Noschka R, Wondany F, Kizilsavas G, Weil T, Weidinger G, Walther P, Michaelis J, Stenger S. Gran1: A Granulysin-Derived Peptide with Potent Activity against Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168392. [PMID: 34445098 PMCID: PMC8395039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulysin is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expressed by human T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Despite a remarkably broad antimicrobial spectrum, its implementation into clinical practice has been hampered by its large size and off-target effects. To circumvent these limitations, we synthesized a 29 amino acid fragment within the putative cytolytic site of Granulysin (termed “Gran1”). We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Gran1 against the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and a panel of clinically relevant non-tuberculous mycobacteria which are notoriously difficult to treat. Gran1 efficiently inhibited the mycobacterial proliferation in the low micro molar range. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that Gran1 interacts with the surface of Mtb, causing lethal distortions of the cell wall. Importantly, Gran1 showed no off-target effects (cytokine release, chemotaxis, cell death) in primary human cells or zebrafish embryos (cytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity). Gran1 was selectively internalized by macrophages, the major host cell of Mtb, and restricted the proliferation of the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that the hypothesis-driven design of AMPs is a powerful approach for the identification of small bioactive compounds with specific antimicrobial activity. Gran1 is a promising component for the design of AMP-containing nanoparticles with selective activity and favorable pharmacokinetics to be pushed forward into experimental in vivo models of infectious diseases, most notably tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Noschka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Fanny Wondany
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Gönül Kizilsavas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (G.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (G.K.); (T.W.)
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Kang M, Ahn B, Yum J, Cho H, Choi M, Hong K, Choi Y, Kim J, Park C. Influence of habitat change from land to sea on the evolution of antimicrobial peptide gene families, including
β‐defensin
gene clusters, in mammals. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Joori Yum
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye‐sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Munjeong Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jin‐Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
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7
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Jӓntti M, Harvey BK. Trophic activities of endoplasmic reticulum proteins CDNF and MANF. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:83-100. [PMID: 32845431 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins that confer trophic activities in a wide range of tissues under diverse pathological conditions. Despite initially being classified as neurotrophic factors, neither protein structurally nor functionally resembles bona fide neurotrophic factors. Their highly homologous structures comprise a unique globular, saposin-like domain within the N-terminus joined by a flexible linker to a C-terminus containing a SAP-like domain, CXXC motif and an ER retention sequence. Neurotrophic factors exert effects by binding to cognate receptors in the plasma membrane; however, no cell surface receptors have been identified for MANF and CDNF. Both can act as unfolded protein response (UPR) genes that modulate the UPR and inflammatory processes. The trophic activity of MANF and CDNF extends beyond the central nervous system with MANF being crucial for the development of pancreatic β cells and both have trophic effects in a variety of diseases related to the liver, heart, skeletal tissue, kidney and peripheral nervous system. In this article, the unique features of MANF and CDNF, such as their structure and mechanisms of action related to ER stress and inflammation, will be reviewed. Recently identified interactions with lipids and membrane trafficking will also be described. Lastly, their function and therapeutic potential in different diseases including a recent clinical trial using CDNF to treat Parkinson's disease will be discussed. Collectively, this review will highlight MANF and CDNF as broad-acting trophic factors that regulate functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jӓntti
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Lab, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Suite 200, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Lab, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Suite 200, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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8
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Zhu R, Wu YS, Liu XX, Lv X, Wu YQ, Song JJ, Wang XG. Membrane disruptive antimicrobial potential of NK-lysin from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:571-580. [PMID: 31669280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins, a type of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (AMP), act as an essential effector of innate defense against microbial attack in higher vertebrates and so in fish. The present study delineates the structural and functional characterization of NK-lysin from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidrac) (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). PfNK-lysin encodes a 153-residue peptide, which displays the hallmark features of other known NK-lysins with the ordered array of six well-conserved cysteine residues and five-exon/four-intron structure. It was found to be ubiquitous in tissues, being detected most abundantly in gill and head kidney. In vivo exposure to stimuli (LPS, PolyI:C, and Edwardsiella ictaluri) induced PfNK-lysin expression in head kidney and spleen. Synthetic PfNK-lysin-derived peptide exhibited in vitro bactericidal potency against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with the highest inhibitory effect on pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy further confirmed its capacity to cause damage to the bacterial plasma membrane. Taken together, these data suggest that PfNK-lysin might participate in antimicrobial defense of yellow catfish by membrane-disruptive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Yin-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Ye-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xing-Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
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9
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Sparrow E, Bodman-Smith M. Granulysin: The attractive side of a natural born killer. Immunol Lett 2020; 217:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Yathursan S, Wiles S, Read H, Sarojini V. A review on anti-tuberculosis peptides: Impact of peptide structure on anti-tuberculosis activity. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3213. [PMID: 31515916 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem globally. Particularly concerning amongst drug-resistant human pathogens is Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes the deadly infectious tuberculosis (TB) disease. Significant issues associated with current treatment options for drug-resistant TB and the high rate of mortality from the disease makes the development of novel treatment options against this pathogen an urgent need. Antimicrobial peptides are part of innate immunity in all forms of life and could provide a potential solution against drug-resistant TB. This review is a critical analysis of antimicrobial peptides that are reported to be active against the M tuberculosis complex exclusively. However, activity on non-TB strains such as Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, whenever available, have been included at appropriate sections for these anti-TB peptides. Natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides of diverse sequences, along with their chemical structures, are presented, discussed, and correlated to their observed antimycobacterial activities. Critical analyses of the structure allied to the anti-mycobacterial activity have allowed us to draw important conclusions and ideas for research and development on these promising molecules to realise their full potential. Even though the review is focussed on peptides, we have briefly summarised the structures and potency of the various small molecule drugs that are available and under development, for TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutharsana Yathursan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannah Read
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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11
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Acosta J, Roa F, González-Chavarría I, Astuya A, Maura R, Montesino R, Muñoz C, Camacho F, Saavedra P, Valenzuela A, Sánchez O, Toledo JR. In vitro immunomodulatory activities of peptides derived from Salmo salar NK-lysin and cathelicidin in fish cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:587-594. [PMID: 30885741 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are amphipathic peptides, which play an important role in innate defence. These peptides are gene-encoded and either constitutively expressed and/or upregulated during an infection. NK-lysins are AMPs with a three-dimensional globular structure. They are larger molecules, which comprise 74-78 amino acid residues and six conserved cysteine residues forming three disulphide bonds. Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides that act as important components of the innate immune system with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory properties. Although they are widely studied in mammals, little is known about their immunomodulatory function. In the present study, we identified and characterized for the first time four NK-lysin-like transcripts from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on EST reported sequences. In vitro, NK-lysin derived peptides were able to induce the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 in Salmo salar head kidney leukocytes. We also tested Salmo salar cathelicidin 1 derived peptide in a similar assay, showing its ability to induce the expression of IFN-γ. These results indicate that NK-lysin and cathelicidin 1 derived peptides are able to modulated immune response, suggesting their potential use to enhance immune response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannel Acosta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Francisco Roa
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Allison Astuya
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rafael Maura
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Muñoz
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frank Camacho
- Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pharmacology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina Saavedra
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Fish Culture and Aquatic Pathology, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Pharmacology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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12
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Leeuw EPHD, Lee SH, Kim WH, Kwasny SM, Opperman TJ, Lillehoj HS. Pleiotropic Anti-Infective Effects of Defensin-Derived Antimicrobial Compounds. Avian Dis 2018; 62:381-387. [PMID: 31119922 DOI: 10.1637/11912-061118-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We identified low-molecular weight compounds derived from the antimicrobial peptide human neutrophil peptide-1 that bind to Lipid II, an essential precursor of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. These compounds act as antibacterials on multiple biosynthesis pathways with specificity against gram-positive organisms. Here, we have tested a small subset of our most promising leads against the bacterium Clostridium perfringens and sporozoites of Eimeria tenella, an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes intestinal disease in poultry. We found one compound, 1611-0203 (2-{2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-[2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]phenoxy}phenol), specifically to inhibit growth of both agents out of all compounds tested. Additionally, compound 1611-0203 inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. Mechanism-of-action studies further reveal that 1611-0203 affects cell wall biosynthesis and inhibits additional biosynthetic pathways. Combined, our results indicate that compounds such as 1611-0203 have therapeutic potential to act as anti-infectives against various organisms simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P H de Leeuw
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,
| | - Sung Hyen Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Woo H Kim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | | | | | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705,
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13
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Wang GL, Wang MC, Liu YL, Zhang Q, Li CF, Liu PT, Li EZ, Nie P, Xie HX. Identification, expression analysis, and antibacterial activity of NK-lysin from common carp Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:11-21. [PMID: 29162543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer lysin (NK-lysin), produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Nevertheless, the implication of NK-lysin in the protection against bacterial infection is not aware in common carp. In this study, six different NK-lysin genes (nkl1, nkl2, nkl3, nkl4, nkl5 and nkl6) were identified in the common carp genome. Each of the mature peptides of common carp NK-lysin has six well-conserved cysteine residues, and shares a Saposin B domain, characteristic of saposin-like protein (SALIP) family. The gene nkl1 contains 5 extrons and 4 introns, and nkl2, nkl3, nkl4 or nkl5 contains 4 extrons and 3 introns, however, the nkl6 has 3 extrons and 2 introns. By quantitative real-time PCR, nkl2 transcripts were predominantly expressed in spleen of healthy common carp, while elevated mainly in gill and spleen upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The recombinant NK-lysin-2 purified from Pichia pastoris shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and Escherichia coli M15, Aeromonas hydrophila, as well as Edwardsiella tarda (Gram-negative), the latter two are important pathogens of aquaculture. Our results indicate that NK-lysin in common carp might play an important role in fish immune response by enhancing antibacterial defense against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Ling Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Ming Cheng Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Ying Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuan Feng Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Pan Ting Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - En Zhong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Hai Xia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
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14
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Huang Y, Zheng Q, Niu J, Tang J, Wang B, Abarike ED, Lu Y, Cai J, Jian J. NK-lysin from Oreochromis niloticus improves antimicrobial defence against bacterial pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:259-265. [PMID: 29117592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin, an effector of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, is a potent antimicrobial peptide widely distributed in mammals. Homologues of NK-lysin have been discovered in several teleost species, but only several of their natural functions was recorded so far. Here we identified an NK-lysin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), On-NKL, and analysed its expression model and biological effects on pathogen infection. The open reading frame of On-NKL sequence spans 432 bp, codes for 143 amino acids and shares 27%-62% overall sequence identities with NK-lysin of other species. The deduced mature peptide of On-NKL possesses a saposin B domain and six well-conserved cysteine residues that essential for antimicrobial activity by forming three intrachain disulphide bonds. The results of qRT-PCR showed that On-NKL expression was observed in multiple tissues and head kidney leucocytes and nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCCs) and is most abundant in gills. After bacterial challenge, On-NKL expression significantly varied in different tissues and NCCs. Following bacterial infection, On-NKL-overexpressing fish featured significantly lower pathogen loads in tissues than control fish. On-NKL-overexpressing fish also exhibited 33.3% relative percent survival compare with control groups. Findings suggested that On-NKL could be the potential effector of NCCs and act as immune-related gene that enhances antimicrobial defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinzhong Niu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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15
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Zhou QJ, Wang J, Liu M, Qiao Y, Hong WS, Su YQ, Han KH, Ke QZ, Zheng WQ. Identification, expression and antibacterial activities of an antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin from a marine fish Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:195-202. [PMID: 27238427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As fundamental immunologic mechanism, the innate immunity system is more important than the specific immunity system in teleost fishes during pathogens infection. Antimicrobial peptides are integral parts of the innate immune system, and play significant roles against pathogens infection. NK-lysin, the compounds of the natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, are potent and effective antimicrobial peptides widely distributed in animals. In this study, we reported the sequence characteristics, expression profiles and antibacterial activities of a NK-lysin gene (Lc-NK-lysin) from a commercially important marine fish, the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame of Lc-NK-lysin cDNA sequence was 447 bp in length, coding 148 amino acids. The genomic DNA of Lc-NK-lysin has the common features of NK-lysin family, consisting of five exons and four introns, and in its deduced mature peptide, there are six well-conserved cysteine residues and a Saposin B domain. Lc-NK-lysin was expressed in all tested tissues (skin, muscle, gill, brain, head kidney, heart, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine) with different expression patterns. In pathogens infection the expression profiles of Lc-NK-lysin varied significantly in gill, head kidney, spleen and liver, indicating its role in immune response. Two peptides (Lc-NK-lysin-1 and Lc-NK-lysin-2) divided from the core region of the Lc-NK-lysin mature polypeptide were chemically synthesized and their antibacterial activities were examined; the potential function on the inhibition of bacteria propagation was revealed. Our results suggested that Lc-NK-lysin is a typical member of the NK-lysin family and as an immune-related gene it involves in the immune response when pathogens invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-Shu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong-Quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Kun-Huang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Breeding of Larimichthys crocea, Ningde 352103, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao-Zhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Breeding of Larimichthys crocea, Ningde 352103, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Breeding of Larimichthys crocea, Ningde 352103, Fujian, China
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16
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Chen J, Yang C, Tizioto PC, Huang H, Lee MOK, Payne HR, Lawhon SD, Schroeder F, Taylor JF, Womack JE. Expression of the Bovine NK-Lysin Gene Family and Activity against Respiratory Pathogens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158882. [PMID: 27409794 PMCID: PMC4943647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the genomes of many mammals that have a single NK-lysin gene, the cattle genome contains a family of four genes, one of which is expressed preferentially in the lung. In this study, we compared the expression of the four bovine NK-lysin genes in healthy animals to animals challenged with pathogens known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The expression of several NK-lysins, especially NK2C, was elevated in challenged relative to control animals. The effects of synthetic peptides corresponding to functional region helices 2 and 3 of each gene product were tested on both model membranes and bio-membranes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that these peptides adopted a more helical secondary structure upon binding to an anionic model membrane and liposome leakage assays suggested that these peptides disrupt membranes. Bacterial killing assays further confirmed the antimicrobial effects of these peptides on BRD-associated bacteria, including both Pasteurella multocida and Mannhemia haemolytica and an ultrastructural examination of NK-lysin-treated P. multocida cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed the lysis of target membranes. These studies demonstrate that the expanded bovine NK-lysin gene family is potentially important in host defense against pathogens involved in bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Chingyuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Polyana C. Tizioto
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, Brazil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Mi O. K. Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Harold R. Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Jeremy F. Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States of America
| | - James E. Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Yacoub HA, Al-Maghrabi OA, Ahmed ES, Uversky VN. Abundance and functional roles of intrinsic disorder in the antimicrobial peptides of the NK-lysin family. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:836-856. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1164077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A. Yacoub
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Gizza, Egypt
| | - Omar A. Al-Maghrabi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram S. Ahmed
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Gizza, Egypt
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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18
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Abedinzadeh M, Gaeini M, Sardari S. Natural antimicrobial peptides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1285-9. [PMID: 25681127 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one the leading infectious diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover new drugs with unique structures and uncommon mechanisms of action to treat M. tuberculosis and combat antimycobacterial resistance. Naturally occurring compounds contain a wide diversity of chemical structures, displaying a wide range of in vitro potency towards M. tuberculosis. A number of recent studies have shown that natural antimycobacterial peptides can disrupt the function of the mycobacterial cell wall through different modes of action and thereafter interact with intracellular targets, including nucleic acids, enzymes and even organelles. More importantly, the probability of antimycobacterial resistance is low. This review presents several natural antimicrobial peptides isolated from different organism sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. In addition, the molecular features of these molecules are the subject of much attention. Such peptides have common traits among their chemical features, which may be correlated with their biological activities; hence, different parts of the molecular structures can be modified in order to increase penetration into the target cells. This review also summarizes the available information on the properties of antimycobacterial peptides associated with their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abedinzadeh
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Gaeini
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Liu H, Tang X, Gong L. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor: New endoplasmic reticulum stress response proteins. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 750:118-22. [PMID: 25637781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) are a novel evolutionary conserved neurotrophic factor (NTF) family. There are two distinct domains in MANF and CDNF 3-dimentional structure, N-terminal saposin-like domain and C-terminal SAP-domain, which suggest their unique mode of action. Although identified for their neurotrophic activity, recent studies have shown MANF and CDNF can protect cells during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This review summarizes the unique structure and related potential protective role for cells during ER stress of MANF and CDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lei Gong
- Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, PR China.
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20
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Zhang M, Li MF, Sun L. NKLP27: a teleost NK-lysin peptide that modulates immune response, induces degradation of bacterial DNA, and inhibits bacterial and viral infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106543. [PMID: 25180858 PMCID: PMC4152322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NK-lysin is an antimicrobial protein produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. In this study, we examined the biological property of a peptide, NKLP27, derived from tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) NK-lysin. NKLP27 is composed of 27 amino acids and shares little sequence identity with known NK-lysin peptides. NKLP27 possesses bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including common aquaculture pathogens. The bactericidal activity of NKLP27 was dependent on the C-terminal five residues, deletion of which dramatically reduced the activity of NKLP27. During its interaction with the target bacterial cells, NKLP27 destroyed cell membrane integrity, penetrated into the cytoplasm, and induced degradation of genomic DNA. In vivo study showed that administration of tongue sole with NKLP27 before bacterial and viral infection significantly reduced pathogen dissemination and replication in tissues. Further study revealed that fish administered with NKLP27 exhibited significantly upregulated expression of the immune genes including those that are known to be involved in antibacterial and antiviral defense. These results indicate that NKLP27 is a novel antimicrobial against bacterial and viral pathogens, and that the observed effect of NKLP27 on bacterial DNA and host gene expression adds new insights to the action mechanism of fish antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo-fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Wang G. Human antimicrobial peptides and proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:545-94. [PMID: 24828484 PMCID: PMC4035769 DOI: 10.3390/ph7050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the key components of innate immunity, human host defense antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading microbial pathogens. In addition, AMPs can possess other biological functions such as apoptosis, wound healing, and immune modulation. This article provides an overview on the identification, activity, 3D structure, and mechanism of action of human AMPs selected from the antimicrobial peptide database. Over 100 such peptides have been identified from a variety of tissues and epithelial surfaces, including skin, eyes, ears, mouths, gut, immune, nervous and urinary systems. These peptides vary from 10 to 150 amino acids with a net charge between -3 and +20 and a hydrophobic content below 60%. The sequence diversity enables human AMPs to adopt various 3D structures and to attack pathogens by different mechanisms. While α-defensin HD-6 can self-assemble on the bacterial surface into nanonets to entangle bacteria, both HNP-1 and β-defensin hBD-3 are able to block cell wall biosynthesis by binding to lipid II. Lysozyme is well-characterized to cleave bacterial cell wall polysaccharides but can also kill bacteria by a non-catalytic mechanism. The two hydrophobic domains in the long amphipathic α-helix of human cathelicidin LL-37 lays the basis for binding and disrupting the curved anionic bacterial membrane surfaces by forming pores or via the carpet model. Furthermore, dermcidin may serve as ion channel by forming a long helix-bundle structure. In addition, the C-type lectin RegIIIα can initially recognize bacterial peptidoglycans followed by pore formation in the membrane. Finally, histatin 5 and GAPDH(2-32) can enter microbial cells to exert their effects. It appears that granulysin enters cells and kills intracellular pathogens with the aid of pore-forming perforin. This arsenal of human defense proteins not only keeps us healthy but also inspires the development of a new generation of personalized medicine to combat drug-resistant superbugs, fungi, viruses, parasites, or cancer. Alternatively, multiple factors (e.g., albumin, arginine, butyrate, calcium, cyclic AMP, isoleucine, short-chain fatty acids, UV B light, vitamin D, and zinc) are able to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides, opening new avenues to the development of anti-infectious drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
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22
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Lee MO, Jang HJ, Han JY, Womack JE. Chicken NK-lysin is an alpha-helical cationic peptide that exerts its antibacterial activity through damage of bacterial cell membranes. Poult Sci 2014; 93:864-70. [PMID: 24706963 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are important elements of the first line of defense against pathogens in animals, and an important constituent of innate immunity. Antimicrobial peptides act on a broad spectrum of microbial organisms. NK-Lysin is a cationic antibacterial peptide that was originally isolated from porcine intestinal tissue based on its antibacterial activity. We synthesized peptides corresponding to each helical region of chicken NK-lysin and analyzed their secondary structures in addition to their antimicrobial activity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of the synthetic chicken NK-lysin (cNK-78) and 4 small peptides in negatively charged liposomes demonstrated transition in the conformation of α-helical peptides relative to the charged environment. Chicken NK-lysin inhibits the growth of a representative gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of 2 peptides designated H23 and H34 was similar to that of mature NK-lysin, cNK-78. Microscopic analyses revealed the death of bacterium with disrupted membranes after peptide treatment, suggesting that chicken NK-lysin, an alpha-helical cationic peptide, exerts its antimicrobial activity by damaging the bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Lee
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 151-742
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23
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Ishige T, Hara H, Hirano T, Kono T, Hanzawa K. Basic characterization of avian NK-lysin (NKL) from the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:90-5. [PMID: 24206178 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We identified an antimicrobial cationic peptide that was expressed in the natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes of Japanese quail. The gene, designated CjNKL, was located downstream of AEBP1L and POLD2 in a region syntenic with the chicken genome. CjNKL comprised four exons, as does chicken GgNKL. The coding sequence in CjNKL was 411 bp long and exon 3 of CjNKL lacked 9 bp when compared to chicken GgNKL, but CjNKL and GgNKL were 81% identical at the nucleic acid level. The saposin like type-B domain of CjNKL contained the six essential cysteines, one proline, 15 cationic amino acids residues, and an antibacterial region that are characteristic of NKL proteins. The 5' flanking region of CjNKL contained positive regulatory elements, an activator protein-1 binding site and two nuclear factor (NF)-κB binding sites, and a negative regulatory element, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) binding site. However, the number of NF-κB sites and C/EBPβ sites within CjNKL are fewer than the number within GgNKL. Additionally, we confirmed that CjNKL was transcribed in at least 18 tissues, including immune and digestive tissues. These data indicated that transcriptional activation of CjNKL differed slightly from those of GgNKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Ishige
- Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Zhang M, Long H, Sun L. A NK-lysin from Cynoglossus semilaevis enhances antimicrobial defense against bacterial and viral pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 40:258-265. [PMID: 23524198 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin is an effector protein of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Mammalian NK-lysin is known to possess antibacterial property and antitumor activity. Homologues of NK-lysin have been identified in several teleost species, but the natural function of fish NK-lysin remains essentially unknown. In this study, we identified a NK-lysin, CsNKL1, from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and analyzed its expression, genetic organization, and biological effect on pathogen infection. CsNKL1 is composed of 135 residues and shares 33.1-56.5% overall sequence identities with other teleost NK-lysin. CsNKL1 possesses a Saposin B domain and six conserved cysteine residues that in mammals are known to form three intrachain disulfide bonds essential to antimicrobial activity. The genomic sequence of the ORF region of CsNKL1 is 1240bp in length and, like human NK-lysin, contains five exons and four introns. Expression of CsNKL1 occurred in multiple tissues and was upregulated by bacterial and viral infection in a time dependent manner. When CsNKL1 was overexpressed in tongue sole, significant upregulation of interleukin-1 and chemokines was observed in spleen and head kidney. Following bacterial and viral infection, the pathogen loads in the tissues of CsNKL1-overexpressing fish were significantly lower than those in control fish. These results indicate that CsNKL1 possesses the novel capacities of immunomodulation and enhancing antimicrobial defense against pathogens of both bacterial and viral nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Tuo W, Murphy CA, Hong YH, Lillehoj EP. Parasiticidal activity of a novel synthetic peptide from the core α-helical region of NK-lysin. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:113-21. [PMID: 23664157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NK-lysin is an anti-microbial peptide that plays a critical role in innate immunity against infectious pathogens through its selective membrane disruptive property. We previously expressed and purified a full-length chicken NK-lysin (cNKL) recombinant protein, and demonstrated its in vitro anti-parasitic activity against the apicomplexan protozoan, Eimeria, the etiologic agent of avian coccidiosis. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-parasitic properties of a synthetic peptide (cNK-2) incorporating a predicted membrane-permeating, amphipathic α-helix of the full-length cNKL protein. The cNK-2 peptide exhibited dose- and time-dependent in vitro cytotoxic activity against E. acervulina and E. tenella sporozoites. The cytotoxic activity of 1.5 μM of cNK-2 peptide against E. acervulina following 6h incubation was equal to that of 2.5 μM of melittin, the principal active component of apitoxin (bee venom) that also exhibits anti-microbial activity. Even greater activity was detected against E. tenella, where 0.3 μM of cNK-2 peptide was equivalent to 2.5 μM of melittin. Against Neospora caninum tacyzoites, however, the cytotoxic activity of cNK-2 peptide was inferior to that of melittin. Transmission electron microscopy of peptide-treated E. tenella sporozoites revealed disruption of the outer plasma membrane and loss of intracellular contents. In vivo administration of 1.5 μM of cNK-2 peptide increased protection against experimental E. acervulina infection, as measured by greater body weight gain and reduced fecal oocyst shedding, compared with saline controls. These results suggest that the cNK-2 synthetic peptide is a novel anti-infective peptide that can be used for protection against avian coccidiosis during commercial poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyen Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the chicken NK-lysin gene on antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12087-92. [PMID: 22783018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NK-lysin is an effector protein of the innate immune system and an important component of host protection. We isolated a SNP in the NK-lysin coding sequence among different chicken breeds. This A to G substitution at the position 271 nucleotide in the ORF results in an Asn (N) to Asp (D) amino acid alteration. We synthesized two 30-aa peptides (N29N and N29D) to compare the biological activity of the helix 2-loop-helix 3 region of NK-lysin resulting from the polymorphic gene. Both peptides were found to be cytotoxic in bacteria and tumor cell cultures at micromolar concentrations. The N29N peptide, however, exhibited greater antibacterial and anticancer activity than the N29D peptide. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of the two peptides in negatively charged single unilamellar vesicles showed spectra typical of α-helical peptides. The helical profile of N29D was reduced substantially compared with that of N29N. However, no structural change was observed in neutral vesicles. ζ-Potential measurements of liposomes incubated with increasing peptide concentrations allowed surface charge neutralization with a negatively charged lipid, but not with a zwitterionic lipid. This result suggests that a difference in electrostatic interaction between lipid membranes and the helical peptides results from the polymorphic gene and is subsequently an important factor in cell lytic activity of variant NK-lysin peptides.
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Qiu Y, Hu AB, Wei H, Liao H, Li S, Chen CY, Zhong W, Huang D, Cai J, Jiang L, Zeng G, Chen ZW. An atomic-force basis for the bacteriolytic effects of granulysin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 100:163-8. [PMID: 22766293 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While granulysin has been suggested to play an important role in adaptive immune responses against bacterial infections by killing pathogens, and molecular force for protein-protein interaction or protein-bacteria interaction may designate the specific functions of a protein, the molecular-force basis underlying the bacteriolytic effects of granulysin at single-molecule level remains unknown. Here, we produced and purified bactericidal domain of macaque granulysin (GNL). Our bacterial lysis assays suggested that GNL could efficiently kill bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes. Furthermore, we found that the interaction force between GNL and L. monocytogenes measured by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) was about 22.5 pN. Importantly, our AFM-based single molecular analysis suggested that granulysin might lyse the bacteria not only through electrostatic interactions but also by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction. Thus, this work provides a previous unknown mechanism for bacteriolytic effects of granulysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Hao G, Rongji D, Kui Q, Zhongqiu T, Heyao W. A Synthetic Peptide Derived from NK-Lysin with Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Structure–Function Relationship. Int J Pept Res Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-011-9268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ramanathan K, Shanthi V, Rajasekaran R, Sudandiradoss C, Doss CGP, Sethumadhavan R. Predicting Therapeutic Template by Evaluating the Structural Stability of Anti-Cancer Peptides—A Computational Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-010-9237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Muñoz FF, Mendieta JR, Pagano MR, Paggi RA, Daleo GR, Guevara MG. The swaposin-like domain of potato aspartic protease (StAsp-PSI) exerts antimicrobial activity on plant and human pathogens. Peptides 2010; 31:777-85. [PMID: 20153392 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant-specific insert domain (PSI) is a region of approximately 100 amino acid residues present in most plant aspartic protease (AP) precursors. PSI is not a true saposin domain; it is the exchange of the N- and C-terminal portions of the saposin like domain. Hence, PSI is called a swaposin domain. Here, we report the cloned, heterologous expression and purification of PSI from StAsp 1 (Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 1), called StAsp-PSI. Results obtained here show that StAsp-PSI is able to kill spores of two potato pathogens in a dose-dependent manner without any deleterious effect on plant cells. As reported for StAPs (S. tuberosum aspartic proteases), the StAsp-PSI ability to kill microbial pathogens is dependent on the direct interaction of the protein with the microbial cell wall/or membrane, leading to increased permeability and lysis. Additionally, we demonstrated that, like proteins of the SAPLIP family, StAsp-PSI and StAPs are cytotoxic to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a dose dependent manner. The amino acid residues conserved in SP_B (pulmonary surfactant protein B) and StAsp-PSI could explain the cytotoxic activity exerted by StAsp-PSI and StAPs against Gram-positive bacteria. These results and data previously reported suggest that the presence of the PSI domain in mature StAPs could be related to their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F Muñoz
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Biological Research Institute, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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Estes DM, Dow SW, Schweizer HP, Torres AG. Present and future therapeutic strategies for melioidosis and glanders. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8:325-38. [PMID: 20192686 PMCID: PMC2856610 DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Both Gram-negative pathogens are endemic in many parts of the world. Although natural acquisition of these pathogens is rare in the majority of countries, these bacteria have recently gained much interest because of their potential as bioterrorism agents. In modern times, their potential destructive impact on public health has escalated owing to the ability of these pathogens to cause opportunistic infections in diabetic and perhaps otherwise immunocompromised people, two growing populations worldwide. For both pathogens, severe infection in humans carries a high mortality rate, both species are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy - B. pseudomallei more so than B. mallei - and no licensed vaccine exists for either prophylactic or therapeutic use. The potential malicious use of these organisms has accelerated the investigation of new ways to prevent and to treat the diseases. The availability of several B. pseudomallei and B. mallei genome sequences has greatly facilitated target identification and development of new therapeutics. This review provides a compilation of literature covering studies in antimelioidosis and antiglanders antimicrobial drug discovery, with a particular focus on potential novel therapeutic approaches to combat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mark Estes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology and The Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA, Tel.: +1 409 266 6523, Fax: +1 409 266 6810,
| | - Steven W Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,
| | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA,
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology and The Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA,
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Mysliwy J, Dingley AJ, Stanisak M, Jung S, Lorenzen I, Roeder T, Leippe M, Grötzinger J. Caenopore-5: the three-dimensional structure of an antimicrobial protein from Caenorhabditis elegans. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:323-330. [PMID: 19917307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The caenopore-5 protein encoded by the spp-5 gene is one of the 33 caenopores identified in Caenorhabditis elegans and is a pore-forming peptide which plays an important role in the elimination of Escherichia coli ingested by the worm. Thus, caenopore-5 appears to contribute to the nutrition of the worm while simultaneously protecting the organism against pathogens. Here, three-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy was used to solve the solution structure of caenopore-5. The NMR data revealed that two conformers of caenopore-5 exist in solution which differ by the isomerization of the peptide bond of Pro-81. The overall structure of the two caenopore-5 conformers consists of five amphiphatic helices connected by three disulfide bonds. The five helices are arranged in a folded leaf which is the characteristic signature of the SAPLIP family. The structure presented here is the first of an effector protein of the defensive system elucidated for the well-known model organism C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mysliwy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Thwaite JE, Humphrey S, Fox MA, Savage VL, Laws TR, Ulaeto DO, Titball RW, Atkins HS. The cationic peptide magainin II is antimicrobial for Burkholderia cepacia-complex strains. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:923-929. [PMID: 19502364 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.008128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial activity of eight cationic antimicrobial peptides towards strains of genomovars I-V of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) in time-kill assays. All but one of the peptides failed to show activity against the panel of test strains. The exception was magainin II, a 23 aa peptide isolated from the epidermis of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, which exhibited significant bactericidal activity for Bcc genomovars most frequently associated with lung infection of patients with cystic fibrosis. In vitro studies indicated that magainin II protected a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) from killing by Bcc and suggest that this peptide may have therapeutic potential against these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Thwaite
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Suzanne Humphrey
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Marc A Fox
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Victoria L Savage
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Thomas R Laws
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - David O Ulaeto
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Richard W Titball
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Helen S Atkins
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
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Characterization and expression profile of complete functional domain of granulysin/NK-lysin homologue (buffalo-lysin) gene of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 128:413-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parkash V, Lindholm P, Peränen J, Kalkkinen N, Oksanen E, Saarma M, Leppänen VM, Goldman A. The structure of the conserved neurotrophic factors MANF and CDNF explains why they are bifunctional. Protein Eng Des Sel 2009; 22:233-41. [PMID: 19258449 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have solved the structures of mammalian mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF). CDNF protects and repairs midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo; MANF supports their survival in culture and is also cytoprotective against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Neither protein structure resembles any known growth factor but the N-terminal domain is a saposin-like lipid-binding domain. MANF and CDNF may thus bind lipids or membranes. Consistent with this, there are two patches of conserved lysines and arginines. The natively unfolded MANF C-terminus contains a CKGC disulphide bridge, such as reductases and disulphide isomerases, consistent with a role in ER stress response. The structure thus explains why MANF and CDNF are bifunctional; neurotrophic activity may reside in the N-terminal domain and ER stress response in the C-terminal domain. Finally, we identified three changes, (MANF)I10-->K(CDNF), (MANF)E79-->M(CDNF) and (MANF)K88-->L(CDNF), that may account for the biological differences between the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Parkash
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hong YH, Lillehoj HS, Siragusa GR, Bannerman DD, Lillehoj EP. Antimicrobial activity of chicken NK-lysin against Eimeria sporozoites. Avian Dis 2008; 52:302-5. [PMID: 18646461 DOI: 10.1637/8083-072307-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
NK-lysin is an antimicrobial and antitumor polypeptide that is considered to play an important role in innate immunity. Chicken NK-lysin is a member of the saposin-like protein family and exhibits potent antitumor cell activity. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of chicken NK-lysin, we examined its ability to reduce the viability of various bacterial strains and two species of Eimeria parasites. Culture supernatants from COS7 cells transfected with a chicken NK-lysin cDNA and His-tagged purified NK-lysin from the transfected cells both showed high cytotoxic activity against Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima sporozoites. In contrast, no bactericidal activity was observed. Further studies using synthetic peptides derived from NK-lysin may be useful for pharmaceutical and agricultural uses in the food animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong H Hong
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA, Building 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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