1
|
Marinho EPM, Ferreira EDS, Barrionuevo CCLB, Melo SA, Cordeiro JSM, Pinto SD, Monte RL, da Silva VA, Martins YF, Reis MF, Tufic-Garutti SDS, Sampaio VDS, de Castro DB, Feitoza PVS, da Rocha LA, de Lima Ferreira LC, Bastos MDS. Pediatric central nervous system infections in the Amazon: clinical and laboratory profiles. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1329091. [PMID: 38186717 PMCID: PMC10768178 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1329091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity in children, and they are related to severe problems such as hearing loss, neurological sequelae, and death. The objective was to describe clinical and laboratory exam profiles of children who were diagnosed with CNS infections. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on medical records, which included pediatric patients aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a clinical suspicion of CNS infection between January 2014 to December 2019. The pathogens were confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using Gram staining, cell culture, molecular diagnostics (PCR and qPCR), and serology. Results Out of the 689 enrolled patients, 108 (15.6%) had laboratory-confirmed infections in CSF. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated from the culture were Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in 19, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11, and Haemophilus influenzae in seven samples. The viruses identified were Enterovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and arbovirus. No patient was found to be positive for Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. Patients with viral infections showed altered levels of consciousness (p = 0.001) when compared to bacterial infections. Conclusion This study shows the presence of important vaccine-preventable pathogens, and different families of viruses causing CNS infections in the pediatric patients of Manaus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monique Freire Reis
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Barros de Castro
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde Dra. Rosemary Casta Pinto, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Alves da Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Hospital e Pronto Socorro da Criança Zona Oeste, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Michele de Souza Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdelrahim NA, Mohammed N, Evander M, Ahlm C, Fadl-Elmula IM. Viral meningitis in Sudanese children: Differentiation, etiology and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31588. [PMID: 36401437 PMCID: PMC9678499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of viral meningitis (VM) is uncommon practice in Sudan and there is no local viral etiological map. We therefore intended to differentiate VM using standardized clinical codes and determine the involvement of herpes simplex virus types-1 and 2 (HSV-1/2), varicella zoster virus, non-polio human enteroviruses (HEVs), and human parechoviruses in meningeal infections in children in Sudan. This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Viral meningitis was differentiated in 503 suspected febrile attendee of Omdurman Hospital for Children following the criteria listed in the Clinical Case Definition for Aseptic/Viral Meningitis. Patients were children age 0 to 15 years. Viral nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) were extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens using QIAamp® UltraSens Virus Technology. Complementary DNA was prepared from viral RNA using GoScriptTM Reverse Transcription System. Viral nucleic acids were amplified and detected using quantitative TaqMan® Real-Time and conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Hospital diagnosis of VM was assigned to 0%, when clinical codes were applied; we considered 3.2% as having VM among the total study population and as 40% among those with proven infectious meningitis. Two (0.4%) out of total 503 CSF specimens were positive for HSV-1; Ct values were 37.05 and 39.10 and virus copies were 652/PCR run (261 × 103/mL CSF) and 123/PCR run (49.3 × 103/mL CSF), respectively. Other 2 (0.4%) CSF specimens were positive for non-polio HEVs; Ct values were 37.70 and 38.30, and the approximate virus copies were 5E2/PCR run (~2E5/mL CSF) and 2E2/PCR run (~8E4/mL CSF), respectively. No genetic materials were detected for HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, and human parechoviruses. The diagnosis of VM was never assigned by the hospital despite fulfilling the clinical case definition. Virus detection rate was 10% among cases with proven infectious meningitis. Detected viruses were HSV-1 and non-polio HEVs. Positive virus PCRs in CSFs with normal cellular counts were seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abdelghani Abdelrahim
- Department of Pathology-Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
- * Correspondence: Nada Abdelghani Abdelrahim, Department of Pathology-Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST), P.O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan (e-mail: )
| | - Nahla Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Imad Mohammed Fadl-Elmula
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Genetics, Al-Neelain University & Assafa Academy, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bôtto-Menezes CHA, Safe IP, da Cunha Ferreira AC, do Nascimento Couceiro K, Neto AM, Franca RFO, Calvet GA, de Filippis AMB, Kara EO, da Costa Castilho M, Bastos MS, de Brito CAA, Modjarrad K, Broutet NJN, Brasil P, Hajjar LA, de Lacerda MVG. Myopericarditis associated with acute Zika virus infection: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:508. [PMID: 35641901 PMCID: PMC9158386 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus infection is commonly described as a mild and self-limiting illness. However, cardiac complications were associated with acute Zika virus infection. CASE PRESENTATION A 46-year-old woman without previous comorbidities with a 1-day history of symptoms tested positive for ZIKV by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). She was admitted two days after with clinical worsening, cardiac enzymes elevated, and cardiac imaging findings, and the diagnosis of myopericarditis was made. The patient was treated and presented significant clinical improvement after one year. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac complication following ZIKV infection appears to be infrequent. Here, we report a rare case of viral myopericarditis caused by ZIKV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Helena Aguiar Bôtto-Menezes
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000 Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, 69065-001 Brazil
| | - Izabella Picinin Safe
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000 Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, 69065-001 Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Guilherme Amaral Calvet
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360 Brazil
| | | | - Edna Oliveira Kara
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Michele Souza Bastos
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000 Brazil
| | | | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, 20910 USA
| | | | - Patrícia Brasil
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360 Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000 Brazil
- Laboratory of Territory, Environment, Health and Sustainability, Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, 69057-07 Brazil
| | - ZIKABRA Study Team
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, 69040-000 Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, 69065-001 Brazil
- Getúlio Vargas University Hospital, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69020-170 Brazil
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, 50740-465 Brazil
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360 Brazil
- Flavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360 Brazil
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, 20910 USA
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-900 Brazil
- Laboratory of Territory, Environment, Health and Sustainability, Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, 69057-07 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Monteiro VS, Baía-da-Silva DC, Silva VA, Pivoto João GA, Marinho EPM, Cubas-Vega NC, Val FFA, Perez-Gomez AS, Monte RL, Mota A, Lacerda MVG, Souza Bastos M. Neurological Manifestations Associated with Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompetent Children: Case Series and Systematic Review. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:fmab078. [PMID: 34545404 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports have described human parvovirus B19 infection in association with a variety of neurological manifestations, especially in children. This study assessed the clinical and laboratory outcomes found in a case series of immunocompetent children who tested positive for parvovirus B19 by qualitative polymerase chain reaction assays of cerebrospinal fluid, in a tertiary referral center in the western Brazilian Amazon. We screened 178 children with clinically diagnosed central nervous system infections (meningoencephalitis). Of these, five (2.8%) were positive for parvovirus B19. A literature review also presented herein identified a further 50 cases of parvovirus B19 with neurological manifestations. Thus, even if the classic signs of parvovirus B19 infection are absent, such as the well-known rash, children with signs of neurological infection should also be evaluated for parvovirus B19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Monteiro
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Djane Clarys Baía-da-Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus 69.057-070, Brazil
| | - Valderjane Aprigio Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto Pivoto João
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Eveny Perlize Melo Marinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Nadia Carolina Cubas-Vega
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fonseca Almeida Val
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Stephanie Perez-Gomez
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Rossiclea Lins Monte
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Mota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Michele Souza Bastos
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas 69040-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Evaluation of Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 and Cytomegalovirus in Alzheimer's Disease. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/mlj.15.4.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
|
6
|
Garcia E, Fajardo QF, Figueroa R, Chavarría V, Castañeda AV, Salazar A, de la Cruz VP, Sotelo J, Pineda B. Herpesvirus encephalitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction at the National Institute of Neurology of Mexico. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:397-402. [PMID: 33830465 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of central nervous system infections due to herpesvirus have been studied in various populations; however, studies in Mexican mestizo patients are scant. This paper documents the frequency of herpesvirus encephalitis in Mexican mestizo patients from the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) of Mexico. To study the frequency of herpetic viral encephalitis at the NINN in the period from 2004 to 2009. We reviewed clinical records from patients with clinically suspected encephalitis; polymerase chain reaction assays were done for detection of herpesviruses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The total number of patients studied was 502; in 59 (12%), the diagnosis of herpetic encephalitis was confirmed by PCR-based testing of CSF. Of them, 21 (36%) were positive for herpes simplex virus type 1, 15 (25%) for Epstein-Barr virus, 10 (17%) for varicella zoster virus, 8 (14%) for cytomegalovirus, 3 (5%) for human herpesvirus 6, and 2 (3%) for herpes simplex virus 2. Our results show a varied frequency of viral encephalitis in mestizo patients due to herpesviruses in a tertiary neurological center and point out the importance of modern molecular technology to reach the etiological diagnosis in cases of encephalitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Garcia
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rubén Figueroa
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Chavarría
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Aleli Salazar
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martins VDCA, Cunha IW, Figliuolo G, Rondon HHDMF, de Souza PM, Torres Silva FL, Torres Silva GL, de Souza Bastos M, de Castro DB, Santana MF, Ramasawmy R, Levi JE, Torres KL. Presence of HPV with overexpression of p16INK4a protein and EBV infection in penile cancer-A series of cases from Brazil Amazon. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232474. [PMID: 32374757 PMCID: PMC7202603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, penile cancer (PC) is not uncommon. The highest incidence of PC is in the North and Northeast of the country. In addition to phimosis, the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Baar Virus (EBV) infections are also related as risk factors for PC. The overexpression of p16INK4a is a surrogate sensitive marker of HPV infection in PC. OBJECTIVES To correlate p16INK4a overexpression and HPV infection status with EBV infection in a series of PC patients from the Amazon region. METHODS Tumor tissues from 47 PC cases were analyzed for the presence of HPV and EBV DNA by PCR. All PC patients were diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 at a public reference cancer center hospital in Manaus, Amazonas-Brazil. HPV was genotyped using E7 HPV16/HPV18 type-specific real-time PCR and the PapilloCheck® HPV-Screening assay. p16INK4a expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the automated Ventana® BenchMark Ultra. RESULTS The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 57.4 years ±SD 17.8 ranging from 20 to 90 years old. Most of the patients (64%) came from rural areas of the Amazonas State. Thirty patients had phimosis (64%). Among the patients with phimosis, 43% (13/30) underwent circumcision, three during childhood and 10 in adulthood. 60% of the patients were smokers or ex-smokers. HPV infection was observed in 45% (21/47) of cases. HPV16 was detected in 13 patients (61%). Other HPV types detected were HPV 6, 11, 42, 51, 53, 68 and 44/55. EBV infection was observed in 30% (14/47) of the patients with PC. Co-infection with HPV and EBV was observed in 28% (6/21) cases. p16INK4a was only investigated in 26 samples. The p16INK4a overexpression was observed exclusively in HPV 16 positive cases and four HPV negative cases. In the survival analysis, the follow-up time was 35.4 months/patient. The mortality rate during the follow up time was 38%. CONCLUSIONS p16INK4a positivity presented a high correlation to HPV 16 DNA detection, reinforcing its use as a surrogate marker for HPV-driven cancers. Infection with EBV was quite frequent and its role in epithelial penile oncogenesis needs to be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria do Carmo Alves Martins
- Department of Education and Research, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Isabela Werneck Cunha
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Rede D’OR- São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Figliuolo
- Department of Education and Research, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Michele de Souza Bastos
- Department of Virology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros de Castro
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Technical Advisory, Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Monique Freire Santana
- Department of Education and Research, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia Luz Torres
- Department of Education and Research, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dhull D, Sharma V, Sharma Y, Kaushik S. Applicability of molecular assays for detection and typing of herpes simplex viruses in encephalitis cases. Virusdisease 2019; 30:504-510. [PMID: 31897415 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) cause a latent infection in humans which is mainly associated with characteristic cold sores or fever blisters and genital blisters. Large segments of the world population are suffering from the HSV infection and early diagnosis as well as treatments are needed to avoid further complications. HSV surveillance is very sparse, especially from developing countries including India. The aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate molecular assays for rapid detection and typing of HSV. In the present study, viral DNA was extracted from cerebro-spinal fluid from HSV suspected encephalitis patients. The conventional multiplex PCR for HSV-1 and HSV-2 was optimized and their comparative analysis was done with Real-Time qPCR for detection and typing of HSV. Out of 137 clinical samples, eleven samples (8.03%) were diagnosed as HSV positive by Real-Time qPCR while ten (7.3%) by conventional multiplex PCR which were further typed as subtyping HSV-1 (nine) and HSV-2 (two). Real-Time qPCR is highly sensitive and able to detect 9.4 × 101 to 3.1 × 106 copies/ml of HSV DNA. Conventional PCR was found to be having 99.21% specificity with 100% sensitivity. The positive predictive value was 90.91% whereas negative predictive value was 100%. Logistic regression indicates blisters with pain and skin rash as the most significant symptoms associated with HSV infection. The present study could be applied for rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective diagnosis of HSV-1 and HSV-2 thereby helpful in better patient management through early detection and treatment of HSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dhull
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Yashika Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tripathy SK, Mishra P, Dwibedi B, Priyadarshini L, Das RR. Clinico-epidemiological Study of Viral Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Cases and Comparison to Nonviral Cases in Children from Eastern India. J Glob Infect Dis 2019; 11:7-12. [PMID: 30814829 PMCID: PMC6380098 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_26_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective is to study the clinico-epidemiological features of viral acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases and compare them with nonviral AES cases in children from Eastern India. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India over 18-month period. Children (6 months to 15 years) with acute onset of fever (≥37.5°C) and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures) were included in the study. The main outcome measures were the etiology and proportion attributed to viruses causing AES with clinical correlation. Results: Of 834 of clinically suspected AES cases, viral etiology could be confirmed in 136 (16.3%) cases (herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-I] was most common). The 5–15 years' age group was most commonly affected (boys > girls). More cases occurred from July to November. The presence of rash and Glasgow Coma Scale <8 at admission was significantly higher in viral AES. During hospitalization, development of shock, ventilatory requirement, duration of stay, and mortality was significantly higher in viral AES. On neuroimaging, global cerebral injury was common in HSV, Japanese encephalitis, and varicella-virus AES. Conclusions: Viral etiology forms a significant proportion of pediatric AES. Morbidity and mortality are high in viral compared to nonviral AES. Herpes encephalitis (HSV-I) is the most common cause of pediatric AES in Eastern India. Viral AES has poor prognosis compared to nonviral AES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Tripathy
- Department of Pediatrics, SVP Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha,, India
| | - Pravakar Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, SVP Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha,, India
| | | | - Lipsa Priyadarshini
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Das
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bastos MDS, Martins VDCA, Silva NLD, Jezine S, Pinto S, Aprigio V, Monte RL, Fragoso S, Puccioni-Sohler M. Importance of cerebrospinal fluid investigation during dengue infection in Brazilian Amazonia Region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 114:e180450. [PMID: 30540031 PMCID: PMC6319028 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amazon, the largest tropical forest of the world, has suffered from dengue outbreaks since 1998. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients, from Amazonas state, suspected of central nervous system (CNS) viral infection was studied using molecular and immunological methods. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the importance of CSF investigation in patients with acute dengue virus (DENV) infection of CNS. METHODS CSF samples of 700 patients were analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of dengue virus (DENV) RNA and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect presence of DENV specific IgM. FINDINGS DENV infection was detected in 4.3% of the CSF samples; 85.7% (24/28) by DENV IgM and 14.3% (4/28) by viral RNA. DENV detected by viral RNA were to be found serotypes DENV-2 (three patients) and DENV-1 (one patient). The neurological diagnosis in patients CNS infection of DENV included encephalitis (10), meningoencephalitis (10), meningitis (6), acute myelitis (1), and encephalomyelitis (1). The majority (89.3%) had intrathecal inflammation: pleocytosis, hyperproteinorrachia and DENV IgM antibodies. Hypoglycorrhachia and/or high levels of lactate in CSF were found in 36% of the patients. Co-infection (CMV, HIV, EBV, and/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis) was observed in eight (28.6%) cases. CONCLUSIONS We found intense inflammatory CSF that is unusual in CNS disorders caused by dengue infection. It may be due co-infections or the immunogenetic background of the local Amerindian Brazilian population. CSF examination is an important diagnostic support tool for neurological dengue diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samya Jezine
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Pinto
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Valderjane Aprigio
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Silvio Fragoso
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Marzia Puccioni-Sohler
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vieira MADCES, Costa CHN, Linhares ADC, Borba ADS, Henriques DF, Silva EVPD, Tavares FN, Batista FMDA, Guimarães HCL, Martins LC, Monteiro TAF, Cruz ACR, Azevedo RDSDS, Vasconcelos PFDC. Potential role of dengue virus, chikungunya virus and Zika virus in neurological diseases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170538. [PMID: 30379197 PMCID: PMC6204615 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study showed that laboratory markers of recent infection by dengue, Zika or chikungunya arboviruses were detected in the biological samples of approximately one-third of patients with encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome, in a surveillance programme in Piauí state, Brazil, between 2015-2016. Fever and myalgia had been associated with these cases. Since in non-tropical countries most infections or parainfectious diseases associated with the nervous system are attributed to herpesviruses, enteroviruses, and Campylobacter jejuni, the present findings indicate that in tropical countries, arboviruses may now play a more important role and reinforce the need for their surveillance and systematic investigation in the tropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Adriano da Cunha E Silva Vieira
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí, Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella, Departamento de Neurologia, Teresina, PI, Brasil.,Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina, Diretoria de Vigilância em Saúde, Teresina, PI, Brasil.,Instituto Evandro Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí, Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella, Departamento de Infectologia, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | - Amariles de Sousa Borba
- Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina, Diretoria de Vigilância em Saúde, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Talita Antônia Furtado Monteiro
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.,Instituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Virologia Geral, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mane A, Gujar P, Gaikwad S, Bembalkar S, Gaikwad S, Dhamgaye T, Risbud A. Aetiological spectrum of severe community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-positive patients from Pune, India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:202-206. [PMID: 29806610 PMCID: PMC5991133 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1590_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arati Mane
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Gujar
- Department of Tuberculosis & Chest Diseases, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shraddha Gaikwad
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Bembalkar
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gaikwad
- Department of Tuberculosis & Chest Diseases, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tilak Dhamgaye
- Department of Tuberculosis & Chest Diseases, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Risbud
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Govekar S, Anand S, Lakshman LP, Vasanthapuram R, Banda RV. Syndrome Evaluation System for Simultaneous Detection Pathogens Causing Acute Encephalitic Syndrome in India, Part-1: Development and Standardization of the Assay. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:208. [PMID: 30140675 PMCID: PMC6094979 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of organisms are known to cause acute encephalitic syndrome (AES). A number of diagnostic tests have to be performed in order to arrive at a probable pathogen causing AES thus making it a very time consuming, laborious and expensive. The problem is further compounded by the lack of availability of sufficient volume of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, there is an urgent need of a diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of all probable pathogens responsible for causing AES. Here we report the development of a novel diagnostic method, Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) for the simultaneous detection of 22 pathogens including RNA and DNA Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasite all endemic to India and Southeast Asia in a single sample using a novel multiplexing strategy. Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) involves isolation of nucleic acid, multiplex amplification of the DNA, and cDNA followed by identification of the amplified product by sequence specific hybridization on SES platform with the final read out being a visually recordable colored signal. The total time required to carry out this diagnostic procedure is 7 h. The SES was standardized using the commercially available vaccines, panels and cell culture grown quantified viruses/bacteria/fungi. The limit of detection (LOD) of SES ranged between 0.1 and 50 viral particles per ml of CSF and 100 to 200 bacterial cells or 5 parasites per ml of CSF, along with 100% specificity. Precision studies carried out as per the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) guidelines, using two concentrations of each pathogen one the LOD and the other double the LOD, clearly demonstrated, that inter/intra assay variability was within the limits prescribed by the guidelines. SES is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool for simultaneous identification of 22 etiological agents of AES encountered both in sporadic and outbreak settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Govekar
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Siddharth Anand
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Latha P Lakshman
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravikumar V Banda
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vieira MADCES, Castro AADS, Henriques DF, Silva EVPD, Tavares FN, Martins LC, Guimarães LM, Monteiro TAF, Azevedo RDSDS, Cruz ACR, Vasconcelos PFDC. Encephalitis associated with Zika virus infection and reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in a Brazilian child. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:390-392. [PMID: 29972576 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0447-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of encephalitis associated with Zika virus infection and reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in the central nervous system of a Brazilian child. This case raises the possibility that reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus may be a mechanism of neurological impairment induced by acquired Zika virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Adriano da Cunha E Silva Vieira
- Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portella, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil.,Diretoria de Vigilância em Saúde, Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina, Teresina, PI, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Lucas Melo Guimarães
- Hospital de Urgências de Teresina Dr. Zenon Rocha Filho, Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Teresina, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Talita Antonia Furtado Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.,Seção de Virologia Geral, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Almeida KB, Araujo JL, Cavalcanti JF, Romanos MTV, Mourão SC, Amaral ACF, Falcão DQ. In vitro release and anti-herpetic activity of Cymbopogon citratus volatile oil-loaded nanogel. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Saitoh H, Ikegaya H, Sakurada K, Inoue H, Nagasawa S, Sakuma A, Ishii N, Inokuchi G, Chiba F, Torimitsu S, Iwase H. Usefulness of human herpes simplex virus type 1 genotyping for tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadavers. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We examined the possibility of tracing the origins of cadavers based on the geographic distribution of genotypes of the latent human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Materials & methods: PCR of the V1 region (667 bp) was performed using DNA from human trigeminal ganglia of 107 Japanese cadavers. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using 16 cadavers in Chiba district and 84 reference sequences in the world. Results: The HSV-1 DNA detection rate was 54.2% and it increased with age. This phylogenetic tree showed four large clusters, types I–IV (African, European, Asian and the mixed-type), and two subclusters (Japanese–Korean type and Japanese–Chinese type) in type III. Conclusion: HSV-1 genotype is possible to trace the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Saitoh
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602–8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakurada
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1–5–45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagasawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakuma
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Namiko Ishii
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1–5–45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8510, Japan
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7–3–1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–0033, Japan
| | - Suguru Torimitsu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7–3–1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8–1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260–8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7–3–1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao C, Yi J, Dong F, Dai R, Min H, Zheng L, Chen Y, Ye J, Zhao Y, Wang N, Xu Y, Zhang M. Intraocular Detection of Herpes viruses by xTAG Liquid Chip Technology in Patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:1271-1277. [PMID: 28960122 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1347266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of the xTAG liquid chip technology (xTAG-LCT) for etiological diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). METHODS Fifteen vitreous and 3 aqueous samples from 18 ARN patients were analyzed by xTAG-LCT and multiplex PCR (mPCR)/quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS xTAG-LCT revealed positive results in 17 of the 18 samples: 10 for Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) alone; 5 for VZV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); 1 for herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) and EBV; 1 for VZV, HSV-1 and EBV. While mPCR revealed the same results as xTAG-LCT for VZV and HSV-1 in all samples, only 2 of the 7 samples positive for EBV on xTAG-LCT were confirmed by qPCR. None of the 28 control vitreous samples from 8 non-ARN patients and 10 pair of cadaveric eyes was positive for any of the tested viruses. CONCLUSIONS xTAG-LCT could be a useful alternative for etiological diagnosis of ARN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhao
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Yi
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fangtian Dong
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Rongping Dai
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hanyi Min
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lin Zheng
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Youxin Chen
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Junjie Ye
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- c General Surgery Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Naili Wang
- d Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking Union Medical College , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- b Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Meifen Zhang
- a Ophthalmology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mane A, Gujar P, Gaikwad S, Dhamgaye T, Risbud A. Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from HIV-Positive Individuals with Community Acquired Pneumonia. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC41-DC43. [PMID: 28892896 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28148.10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is one of the frequent viral pneumonia reported in persons with HIV infection. Knowledge of pulmonary CMV infection is important for deciding appropriate diagnostic strategies. However, there is scanty literature addressing the role of CMV aetiology among HIV positive individuals presenting with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) using Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) samples from India. AIM To detect CMV in BAL fluid from HIV-positive individuals presenting with CAP. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using 107 archival BAL samples collected from consecutive HIV-positive patients presenting with CAP as per the Indian Chest Society and National College of Chest Physicians guidelines at the Department of Chest and Tuberculosis, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India. The samples were tested for CMV by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the IRL11 region at the National AIDS Research Institute, Pune. RESULTS Of the 107 BAL samples tested, 8 (7.4 %) were positive for CMV, while CMV was the sole pathogen in 5 (4.7%) cases. Co-infection with other pathogens was seen in 3 patients and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the co-pathogens. Five patients had fatal clinical outcome of which three had CMV as the sole pathogen. CONCLUSION Ours is the first study to detect Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from HIV-positive individuals presenting with community acquired pneumonia from India and indicates the need for further multicentre studies to understand pulmonary CMV infection, which will eventually help in designing appropriate diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arati Mane
- Scientist D, Department of Microbiology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Gujar
- Postgraduate Resident, Department of Chest and Tuberculosis, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shraddha Gaikwad
- Technical Assistant, Department of Microbiology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tilak Dhamgaye
- Professor and Head, Department of Chest and Tuberculosis, Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Risbud
- Scientist G, Department of Microbiology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Javali M, Acharya P, Mehta A, John AA, Mahale R, Srinivasa R. Use of multiplex PCR based molecular diagnostics in diagnosis of suspected CNS infections in tertiary care setting-A retrospective study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 161:110-116. [PMID: 28866263 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CNS infections like meningitis and encephalitis pose enormous healthcare challenges due to mortality, sequelae and socioeconomic burden. In tertiary setting, clinical, microbiological, cytological and radiological investigations are not distinctive enough for diagnosing microbial etiology. Molecular diagnostics is filling this gap. We evaluated the clinical impact of a commercially available multiplex molecular diagnostic system - SES for diagnosing suspected CNS infections. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted in our tertiary level Neurology ICU. 110 patients admitted during Nov-2010 to April-2014 were included. CSF samples of patients clinically suspected of having CNS infections were subjected to routine investigation in our laboratory and SES test at XCyton Diagnostics. We studied the impact of SES in diagnosis of CNS infections and its efficacy in helping therapeutic management. RESULTS SES showed detection rate of 42.18% and clinical specificity of 100%. It had 10 times higher detection rate than conventional tests. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were two top bacterial pathogens. VZV was most detected viral pathogen. SES results elicited changes in therapy in both positive and negative cases. We observed superior patient outcomes as measured by GCS scale. 75% and 82.14% of the patients positive and negative on SES respectively, recovered fully. CONCLUSION Detecting causative organism and ruling out infectious etiology remain the most critical aspect for management and prognosis of patients with suspected CNS infections. In this study, we observed higher detection rate of pathogens, target specific escalation and evidence based de-escalation of antimicrobials using SES. Institution of appropriate therapy helped reduce unnecessary use of antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aneesh Mehta
- Dept. of Neurology, MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, India
| | | | - Rohan Mahale
- Dept. of Neurology, MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, India
| | - R Srinivasa
- Dept. of Neurology, MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The most common specimens from immunocompromised patients that are analyzed for detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are from skin lesions. Many types of assays are applicable to these samples, but some, such as virus isolation and direct fluorescent antibody testing, are useful only in the early phases of the lesions. In contrast, nucleic acid (NA) detection methods, which generally have superior sensitivity and specificity, can be applied to skin lesions at any stage of progression. NA methods are also the best choice, and sometimes the only choice, for detecting HSV or VZV in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous or vitreous humor, and from mucosal surfaces. NA methods provide the best performance when reliability and speed (within 24 hours) are considered together. They readily distinguish the type of HSV detected or the source of VZV detected (wild type or vaccine strain). Nucleic acid detection methods are constantly being improved with respect to speed and ease of performance. Broader applications are under study, such as the use of quantitative results of viral load for prognosis and to assess the efficacy of antiviral therapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hassan STS, Švajdlenka E, Berchová-Bímová K. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Its Bioactive Constituents Exhibit Antiviral Activity against HSV-2 and Anti-enzymatic Properties against Urease by an ESI-MS Based Assay. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050722. [PMID: 28468298 PMCID: PMC6154344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and its phytochemicals have been shown to possess a wide range of pharmacologic properties. In this study, aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (AEHS) and its bioactive constituent protocatechuic acid (PCA), have been evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against HSV-2 clinical isolates and anti-enzymatic activity against urease. Antiherpetic activity was evaluated by the titer reduction assay in infected Vero cells, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the neutral red dye-uptake method. Anti-urease activity was determined by a developed Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)-based assay. PCA showed potent anti-HSV-2 activity compared with that of acyclovir, with EC50 values of 0.92 and 1.43 µg∙mL−1, respectively, and selectivity indices > 217 and > 140, respectively. For the first time, AEHS was shown to exert anti-urease inhibition activity, with an IC50 value of 82.4 µg∙mL−1. This, combined with its safety, could facilitate its use in practical applications as a natural urease inhibitor. Our results present Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and its bioactive compound PCA as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of HSV-2 infection and the treatment of diseases caused by urease-producing bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif T S Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Emil Švajdlenka
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Berchová-Bímová
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Andres-Franch M, Galiana A, Sanchez-Hellin V, Ochoa E, Hernandez-Illan E, Lopez-Garcia P, Castillejo A, Castillejo MI, Barbera VM, Garcia-Dura J, Gomez-Romero FJ, Royo G, Soto JL. Streptococcus gallolyticus infection in colorectal cancer and association with biological and clinical factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174305. [PMID: 28355283 PMCID: PMC5371321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unambiguous association of Streptococcus gallolyticus infection with colorectal cancer, although there is limited information about epidemiology or interaction between molecular and environmental factors. We performed an original quantitative analysis of S. gallolyticus in unselected colorectal cancer patients (n = 190) and their association with clinical, pathological tumor molecular profiles (microsatellite instability, hypermethylator phenotype and chromosomal instability pathways), and other biological factors in colorectal tumor and normal tissues (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection). We developed a new quantitative method to assess bacterial load. Analytical validation was reached with a very high sensitivity and specificity. Our results showed a 3.2% prevalence of S. gallolyticus infection in our unselected cohort of colorectal cancer cases (6/190). The average S. gallolyticus copy number was 7,018 (range 44–34,585). No previous reports relating to S. gallolyticus infection have been published for unselected cohorts of patients. Finally, and despite a low prevalence of S. gallolyticus in this study, we were able to define a specific association with tumor tissue (p = 0.03) and with coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (p = 0.042; OR: 9.49; 95% IC: 1.1–82.9). The prevalence data provided will be very useful in the design of future studies, and will make it possible to estimate the sample size needed to assess precise objectives. In conclusion, our results show a low prevalence of S. gallolyticus infection in unselected colorectal cancer patients and an association of positive S. gallolyticus infection with tumor tissue and Epstein-Barr virus coinfection. Further studies will be needed to definitively assess the prevalence of S. gallolyticus in colorectal cancer and the associated clinicopathological and molecular profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Galiana
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ochoa
- Biopathology Dept., Hospital Provincial de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eva Hernandez-Illan
- Research Lab, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar Lopez-Garcia
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Adela Castillejo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Castillejo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Victor Manuel Barbera
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Josefa Garcia-Dura
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Royo
- Microbiology Dept., Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Soto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL)–FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang CH, Nie K, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhou SF, Li XN, Zhou HY, Qi SX, Ma XJ. An Improved Barcoded Oligonucleotide Primers-based Next-generation Sequencing Approach for Direct Identification of Viral Pathogens in Clinical Specimens. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2017; 30:22-34. [PMID: 28245896 PMCID: PMC7136949 DOI: 10.3967/bes2017.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a feasible and cost-effective next-generation sequencing (NGS) method for accurate identification of viral pathogens in clinical specimens, because enormous limitations impede the clinical use of common NGS, such as high cost, complicated procedures, tremendous data analysis, and high background noise in clinical samples. METHODS Viruses from cell culture materials or clinical specimens were identified following an improved NGS procedure: reduction of background noise by sample preprocessing, viral enrichment by barcoded oligonucleotide (random hexamer or non-ribosomal hexanucleotide) primer-based amplification, fragmentation-free library construction and sequencing of one-tube mixtures, as well as rapid data analysis using an in-house pipeline. RESULTS NGS data demonstrated that both barcoded primer sets were useful to simultaneously capture multiple viral pathogens in cell culture materials or clinical specimens and verified that hexanucleotide primers captured as many viral sequences as hexamers did. Moreover, direct testing of clinical specimens using this improved hexanucleotide primer-based NGS approach provided further detailed genotypes of enteroviruses causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and identified other potential viruses or differentiated misdiagnosis events. CONCLUSION The improved barcoded oligonucleotide primer-based NGS approach is simplified, time saving, cost effective, and appropriate for direct identification of viral pathogens in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuai Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Na Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hang Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shun Xiang Qi
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ürményi FGG, Saraiva GDN, Casanova LM, Matos ADS, de Magalhães Camargo LM, Romanos MTV, Costa SS. Anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 Flavonoids and a New Kaempferol Triglycoside from the Medicinal Plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1707-1714. [PMID: 27472283 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae) is a medicinal plant native to Madagascar. The aim of this study was to investigate the flavonoid content of an aqueous leaf extract from K. daigremontiana (Kd), and assess its antiherpetic potential. The major flavonoid, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), was isolated from the AcOEt fraction (Kd-AC). The BuOH-soluble fraction afforded quercetin 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2) and the new kaempferol 3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), named daigremontrioside. The crude extract, Kd-AC fraction, flavonoids 1 and 2 were evaluated using acyclovir-sensitive strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Kd-AC was highly active against HSV-1 (EC50 = 0.97 μg/ml, SI > 206.1) and HSV-2 (EC50 = 0.72 μg/ml, SI > 277.7). Flavonoids 1 and 2 showed anti-HSV-1 (EC50 = 7.4 μg/ml; SI > 27 and EC50 = 5.8 μg/ml; SI > 8.6, respectively) and anti-HSV-2 (EC50 = 9.0 μg/ml; SI > 22.2 and EC50 = 36.2 μg/ml; SI > 5.5, respectively) activities, suggesting the contribution of additional substances to the antiviral activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gouvêa Gomes Ürményi
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos - LPN-Bio, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Georgia do Nascimento Saraiva
- Laboratório Experimental de Drogas Antivirais e Citotóxicas - LEDAC, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Livia Marques Casanova
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos - LPN-Bio, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Matos
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos - LPN-Bio, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiza Maria de Magalhães Camargo
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos - LPN-Bio, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Villela Romanos
- Laboratório Experimental de Drogas Antivirais e Citotóxicas - LEDAC, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sônia Soares Costa
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos - LPN-Bio, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ramalingam RKTC, Chakraborty D. Retrospective analysis of multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based molecular diagnostics (SES) in 70 patients with suspected central nervous system infections: A single-center study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2016; 19:482-490. [PMID: 27994358 PMCID: PMC5144470 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.192483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) infections present a grave health care challenge due to high morbidity and mortality. Clinical findings and conventional laboratory assessments are not sufficiently distinct for specific etiologic diagnosis. Identification of pathogens is a key to appropriate therapy. Aim: In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated the efficacy and clinical utility of syndrome evaluation system (SES) for diagnosing clinically suspected CNS infections. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis included inpatients in our tertiary level neurointensive care unit (NICU) and ward from February 2010 to December 2013. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 70 patients, clinically suspected of having CNS infections, were subjected to routine laboratory tests, culture, imaging, and SES. We analyzed the efficacy of SES in the diagnosis of CNS infections and its utility in therapeutic decision-making. Results: SES had a clinical sensitivity of 57.4% and clinical specificity of 95.6%. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the top two bacterial pathogens, whereas Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was the most common viral pathogen. Polymicrobial infections were detected in 32.14% of SES-positive cases. SES elicited a change in the management in 30% of the patients from initial empiric therapy. At discharge, 51 patients recovered fully while 11 patients had partial recovery. Three-month follow-up showed only six patients to have neurological deficits. Conclusion: In a tertiary care center, etiological microbial diagnosis is central to appropriate therapy and outcomes. Sensitive and accurate multiplex molecular diagnostics play a critical role in not only identifying the causative pathogen but also in helping clinicians to institute appropriate therapy, reduce overuse of antimicrobials, and ensure superior clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Akya A, Ahmadi K, Zehtabian S, Salimi A, Elahi A, Madani SH. Study of the Frequency of Herpesvirus Infections Among Patients Suspected Aseptic Meningitis in the West of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e22639. [PMID: 26568804 PMCID: PMC4641434 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aseptic meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is characterized by meningeal inflammation that is not linked to identifiable bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of aseptic meningitis caused by herpesviruses, namely herpes simplex types I and II (HSV-1, HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Patients and Methods: A total of 196 CSF samples were collected from patients with suspected meningitis. All samples were smear- and culture-negative for bacterial pathogens. The biochemical and cytological findings of CSF samples were also recorded. DNA was extracted from samples and PCR with specific primers was carried out to detect viruses. Results: The 196 samples derived from 100 (52%) men and 96 (48%) women ranging in age from one day to 86 years with an average age of 32.3 ± 25.3 years. Of them, 8 (4.08%) samples yielded positive results, including 5 (2.55%) cases of VZV infection and 3 (1.53%) cases of HSV-1 infection. No cases of HSV-2, CMV or EBV infection were detected. CSF protein and glucose levels among positive cases were all in the normal range. Conclusions: The results indicate a considerable rate of herpesvirus infection in patients with aseptic meningitis, and that VZV is the most common herpesvirus to cause infection followed by HSV-1. Our results also showed that a moderate increase in the WBC count and predominance of lymphocytes can be valuable clues in diagnosing viral meningitis. Given the different approaches of drug therapy in bacterial and viral meningitis, use of molecular methods is necessary in hospitals to rapidly discriminate between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Akya
- Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Alisha Akya, Nosocomial Infection Research Centre, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran. Tel: +98-8334274618, Fax: +98-8334276477, E-mail:
| | - Kamal Ahmadi
- MSc Student of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Shahram Zehtabian
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Afsaneh Salimi
- MSc Student of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Azam Elahi
- MSc Student of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Sayed Hamid Madani
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bastos MS, Coelho-Dos-Reis JG, Zauli DAG, Naveca FG, Monte RL, Pimentel JP, Macário VMK, da Silva NL, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Guimaraes A, Carvalho AT, Malheiro A, Martins-Filho OA, Mourão MPG. Divergent cerebrospinal fluid cytokine network induced by non-viral and different viral infections on the central nervous system. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:345. [PMID: 26286516 PMCID: PMC4541733 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningoencephalitis is one of the most common disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide. Viral meningoencephalitis differs from bacterial meningitis in several aspects. In some developing countries, bacterial meningitis has appropriate clinical management and chemotherapy is available. Virus-associated and virus not detected meningoencephalitis are treatable, however, they may cause death in a few cases. The knowledge of how mediators of inflammation can induce disease would contribute for the design of affordable therapeutic strategies, as well as to the diagnosis of virus not detected and viral meningoencephalitis. Cytokine-induced inflammation to CNS requires several factors that are not fully understood yet. Methods Considering this, several cytokines were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with undiagnosed and viral meningoencephalitis, and these were correlated with cellularity in the CSF. Results The results demonstrate that an altered biochemical profile alongside increased cellularity in the cerebrospinal fluid is a feature of patients with meningoencephalitis that are not associated with the detection of virus in the CNS (P < 0.05). Moreover, HIV-positive patients (n = 10) that evolve with meningoencephalitis display a distinct biochemical/cytological profile (P < 0.05) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Meningoencephalitis brings about a prominent intrathecal cytokine storm regardless of the detection of virus as presumable etiological agent. In the case of Enterovirus infection (n = 13), meningoencephalitis elicits robust intrathecal pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern and elevated cellularity when compared to herpesvirus (n = 15) and Arbovirus (n = 5) viral infections (P < 0.05). Conclusion Differences in the cytokine profile of the CSF may be unique if distinct, viral or presumably non-viral pathways initially trigger the inflammatory response in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordana Grazziela Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Alves Gomes Zauli
- Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brazil. .,Instituto Hermes Pardini, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Allyson Guimaraes
- Hematology and Hemotherapic Foundation of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Teixeira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Hematology and Hemotherapic Foundation of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
| | - Maria Paula Gomes Mourão
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Amazonas State University, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kong X, Zhang L, Liu K, Chen H, Li B, Wu R, Ji C. Epidemiological features of viral encephalitis in Cangzhou of China with use of multiplex RT-PCR for five RNA viruses. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:178-81. [PMID: 26118966 PMCID: PMC7172373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With use of multiplex RT-PCR testing the five RNA viruses associated with viral encephalitis, the aim of research is to find out the epidemiological features of viral encephalitis in Cangzhou of China. METHODS Patients hospitalized in Cangzhou central hospital with the diagnosis of viral encephalitis from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex RT-PCR was compared with ELISA through testing CSF samples of enterovirus (EVs), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), mumps virus (MUV), measles virus (MV) and rubella virus (RV). RESULTS Disease incidence of viral encephalitis in Cangzhou of China was 18.6 per 100 thousand, and the main pathogen focused on EVs, MUV, JEV, MV and RV, which positive rate were 27.8%, 14.4%, 12.2%, 6.7% and 3.3% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were all higher than ELISA. CONCLUSION The most common pathogens responsible for viral encephalitis in Cangzhou, Hebei province, China, were EVs, and the multiplex RT-PCR was a rapid, sensitive, accurate method of testing the viruses responsible for causing these illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Kong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Kehun Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Baohui Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Chunxue Ji
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061001, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bezerra TM, Ferreira DC, Carmo FL, Pinheiro R, Leite DCA, Cavalcante FS, Belinho RA, Peixoto RS, Rosado AS, dos Santos KRN, Castro GFBA. Herpesvirus in the oral cavity of children with leukaemia and its impact on the oral bacterial community profile. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:222-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
31
|
Kasuya A, Sakabe JI, Kageyama R, Ikeya S, Fujiyama T, Tokura Y. Successful differentiation of herpes zoster-associated erythema multiforme from generalized extension of herpes by rapid polymerase chain reaction analysis. J Dermatol 2014; 41:542-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kasuya
- Department of Dermatology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sakabe
- Department of Dermatology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Reiko Kageyama
- Department of Dermatology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Shigeki Ikeya
- Department of Dermatology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Toshiharu Fujiyama
- Department of Dermatology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Hamamatsu Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bastos MS, Lessa N, Naveca FG, Monte RL, Braga WS, Figueiredo LTM, Ramasawmy R, Mourão MPG. Detection of Herpesvirus, Enterovirus, and Arbovirus infection in patients with suspected central nervous system viral infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1522-7. [PMID: 24760682 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be caused by various pathogens. In this study, the presence of herpesviruses (HHV), enteroviruses (EVs), and arboviruses were investigated in CSF samples from 165 patients with suspected CNS viral infection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR. The genomes of one or more viral agents were detected in 29.7% (49/165) of the CSF samples. EVs were predominant (16/49; 32.6%) followed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (22.4%), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) (20.4%), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (18.4%), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) (4.1%), (HSV-2) (4.1%), and the arboviruses (14.3%). Four of the arboviruses were of dengue virus (DENV) and three of oropouche virus (OROV). The detection of different viruses in the CNS of patients with meningitis or encephalitis highlight the importance of maintaining an active laboratory monitoring diagnostics with rapid methodology of high sensitivity in areas of viral hyperendemicity that may assist in clinical decisions and in the choice of antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele S Bastos
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Azadfar S, Cheraghali F, Moradi A, Javid N, Tabarraei A. Herpes simplex virus meningitis in children in South East of caspian sea, iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e8599. [PMID: 25147651 PMCID: PMC4138662 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a member of Herpesviridae and a leading cause of human viral diseases. Meningitis occurs as a complication of HSV-1 or HSV-2 primary infection. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate HSV meningitis in children in Gorgan province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-five cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken from children referred with meningitis symptoms. Samples with negative bacterial culture results were tested for viral, biochemical and cytological assays. DNA extraction and PCR were performed. RESULTS HSV-1 detected in 4 (8.8%) samples without any HSV-2 infections. Cases with positive results had fever and CSF pleocytosis. Vomiting, headache and higher count of WBC were observed in 3, 2 and 3 cases respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and protein levels were normal and 3 cases showed positive C-reactive protein (CRP) results. Also erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher than normal in all positive cases. CONCLUSIONS Distribution of HSV types in children with meningitis in our area predominantly was type 1 compared with type 2, which has been reported more in other area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Azadfar
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghali
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | - Naeme Javid
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Alijan Tabarraei, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9112733321, Fax: +98-1714440225, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Silva Júnior ADJ, de Campos-Buzzi F, Romanos MTV, Wagner TM, Guimarães AFDPC, Filho VC, Batista R. Chemical composition and antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of Gallesia gorazema (Phytolaccaceae), a potential candidate for novel anti-herpetic phytomedicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:595-600. [PMID: 24051024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional medicine, teas made from leaves and bark of Gallesia gorazema are used as antispasmodic, anthelmintic, antihemorrhagic and febrifuge agents. Crude leaves of this plant are also employed as a remedy in the treatment of abscesses, orchitis, gonorrhea and for rheumatic pain relief. this study investigates the presumed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of leaves and roots Gallesia gorazema (Phytolaccaceae) extracts. The most active extract and its isolated compound, a new natural product, are also evaluated against viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo experiments with mice were used to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Gallesia gorazema extracts. Antiviral activity of extracts and the new natural product was investigated by in vitro experiments. RESULTS Results show that dichloromethanic root (DRE) and ethanolic leaf (ELE) extracts displayed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in in vivo experiments with mice. Both extracts were also assayed against the herpes simplex viruses HSV-1 and HSV-2, but only DRE was highly active, showing a selective antiviral effect against HSV-1. Phytochemical fractionation of DRE led to the isolation of 28-hydroxyoctacosyl ferulate, a novel natural product, which displayed strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 (EC₅₀=21.6 μg/mL) with a selective index above 9, justifying, at least in part, the high selective antiviral activity observed for DRE. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the plant Gallesia gorazema is a potential candidate for the development of novel anti-herpetic phytomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademir de Jesus Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Estudos Básicos e Instrumentais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Plouguerné E, de Souza LM, Sassaki GL, Cavalcanti JF, Villela Romanos MT, da Gama BAP, Crespo Pereira R, Barreto-Bergter E. Antiviral Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) from the Brazilian brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4628-40. [PMID: 24284427 PMCID: PMC3853750 DOI: 10.3390/md11114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Total lipids from the Brazilian brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare were extracted with chloroform/methanol 2:1 and 1:2 (v/v) at room temperature. After performing Folch partition of the crude lipid extract, the lipids recovered from the Folch lower layer were fractionated on a silica gel column eluted with chloroform, acetone and methanol. The fraction eluted with methanol, presented a strong orcinol-positive band characteristic of the presence of sulfatides when examined by TLC. This fraction was then purified by two successive silica gel column chromatography giving rise to fractions F4I86 and F4II90 that exhibited strong activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. The chemical structures present in both fractions were elucidated by ESI-MS and ¹H/¹³C NMR analysis HSQC fingerprints based on their tandem-MS behavior as Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs). The main SQDG present in both fractions and responsible for the anti-herpes activity observed was identified as 1,2-di-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6-sulfo-α-D-quinovopyranosyl)-glycerol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Plouguerné
- Department of Marine Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.A.P.G.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Lauro M. de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paraná Federal University, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.M.S.); (G.L.S.)
| | - Guilherme L. Sassaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paraná Federal University, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.M.S.); (G.L.S.)
| | - Jéssica Figueiredo Cavalcanti
- Department of Virology, Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.F.C.); (M.T.V.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Villela Romanos
- Department of Virology, Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.F.C.); (M.T.V.R.)
| | - Bernardo A. P. da Gama
- Department of Marine Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.A.P.G.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Renato Crespo Pereira
- Department of Marine Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails: (B.A.P.G.); (R.C.P.)
| | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Department of General Microbiology, Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Development and padronization of three multiplex PCRs for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and Cytomegalovirus. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:1004-9. [PMID: 23436027 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To develop multiplex PCRs (mPCRs) that allows simultaneous diagnosis of the infectious agents Chlamydia trachomatis, Toxoplasma gondii, HSV 1/2, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV). The study included patients with clinical suspicion of these agents, and clinical samples were blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, vaginal swabs, and amniotic fluid. After the extraction of DNA, this was used as a template in amplification by PCR of selected genes. The following conditions were tested: primer concentration, MgCl2 concentration, and annealing temperature. Three mPCRs were developed: multiplex I (CMV, HSV 1/2), multiplex II (CMV, HSV 1/2, T. gondii), and multiplex III (C. trachomatis, T. gondii, HSV 1/2, and CMV). The primer pairs used were shown to be specific for each infectious agent, and the specificity of mPCR assays was 100 %. Both the reactions of the monoplex PCR and mPCR produced a detection limit of 2 × 10(-5) to 6 × 10(-7) ng/μl of different DNAs. Upon conclusion, amplified products of expected size were obtained in 3 different reactions, and all the infectious agents were detected simultaneously in each mPCR. The concordant results of the study suggest that mPCR can be a powerful tool to improve the diagnostics of infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Takahashi T, Tamura M, Takasu T. Diagnostic value of a "wide-range" quantitative nested real-time PCR assay for varicella zoster virus myelitis. J Med Virol 2013; 85:2042-55. [PMID: 23934732 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myelitis is one of the rarest neurological complications of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. In this study, the authors remodeled the "wide-range" quantitative nested real-time (QNRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to quantitatively detect a small amount of VZV-DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For use as a specific internal control "calibrator," an original mutation-VZV (MZ) plasmid was developed. The initial copy number of VZV-DNA in CSF specimens was measured by the amplification rate of the MZ-plasmid. For 17 consecutive CSF specimens collected from three elderly patients with VZV myelitis, the diagnostic value of the wide-range QNRT-PCR assay was evaluated and compared with other conventional PCR assays and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The MZ-plasmid demonstrated statistically uniform amplifications (F=1.016) against a wide range (1-100,000) of copy numbers of mimic VZV-DNA. The wide-range QNRT-PCR assay quantitatively and rapidly (within 48 hr) detected 5,863, 3,052, 958, and 6,721 copies/ml of VZV-DNA in the CSF specimens collected from all patients in the acute phase. Additionally, there was a significant difference (*P=0.023) in the copy number of VZV-DNA between before and after acyclovir treatment. Other conventional single PCR assays all revealed negative results, but were nevertheless time-consuming (7 days). The IgG EIA-value for VZV was continually elevated throughout the clinical course of all patients. The MZ-plasmid was thus regarded as an appropriate "calibrator" in the wide-range QNRT-PCR assay. This assay is a novel, rapid, accurate, quantitative, and highly sensitive technique, and will contribute as a reliable and useful clinical examination for the rapid diagnosis of VZV infection to central nervous system.
Collapse
|
38
|
Avanzi S, Leoni V, Rotola A, Alviano F, Solimando L, Lanzoni G, Bonsi L, Di Luca D, Marchionni C, Alvisi G, Ripalti A. Susceptibility of human placenta derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells to human herpesviruses infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71412. [PMID: 23940750 PMCID: PMC3734067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal membranes (FM) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are higher in number, expansion and differentiation abilities compared with those obtained from adult tissues, including bone marrow. Upon systemic administration, ex vivo expanded FM-MSCs preferentially home to damaged tissues promoting regenerative processes through their unique biological properties. These characteristics together with their immune-privileged nature and immune suppressive activity, a low infection rate and young age of placenta compared to other sources of SCs make FM-MSCs an attractive target for cell-based therapy and a valuable tool in regenerative medicine, currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In the present study we investigated the permissivity of FM-MSCs to all members of the human Herpesviridae family, an issue which is relevant to their purification, propagation, conservation and therapeutic use, as well as to their potential role in the vertical transmission of viral agents to the fetus and to their potential viral vector-mediated genetic modification. We present here evidence that FM-MSCs are fully permissive to infection with Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), but not with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human Herpesvirus-6, 7 and 8 (HHV-6, 7, 8) although these viruses are capable of entering FM-MSCs and transient, limited viral gene expression occurs. Our findings therefore strongly suggest that FM-MSCs should be screened for the presence of herpesviruses before xenotransplantation. In addition, they suggest that herpesviruses may be indicated as viral vectors for gene expression in MSCs both in gene therapy applications and in the selective induction of differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Avanzi
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Laboratory Medicine, Operative Unit of Microbiology, A. O-U. di Bologna Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Buelow DR, Bankowski MJ, Fofana D, Gu Z, Pounds S, Hayden RT. Comparison of two multiplexed PCR assays for the detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV with extracted and unextracted cutaneous and mucosal specimens. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:84-8. [PMID: 23751960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several analyte specific reagents (ASRs) are available for the detection and differentiation of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV in clinical specimens. However, there is limited data on the test performance of these reagents used in multiplexed PCR assays. OBJECTIVE This study compared the performance of two multiplexed ASR sets for detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV in dermal specimens. STUDY DESIGN Two commercially available ASRs were combined to produce multiplexed PCR assays for simultaneous detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. Seeded samples were used to determine the limit of detection (LOD) for each assay. Patient samples (n=156) were tested in duplicate and results for each method compared to the reference standard of culture. Both extracted and unextracted specimens were used in the study. RESULTS Both multiplexed PCR assays showed similar test performance, with minimal LOD differences observed. The LOD was 10(3) copies/mL for HSV-1 and HSV-2 using the Focus assay compared to 5×10(3) copies/mL and 2×10(4) copies/mL, respectively for the EraGen assay. Both assays showed equal performance for VZV with a LOD of 5×10(3) copies/mL. Analytical specificity testing showed no cross reactivity with other selected DNA viruses. Both assays showed similar performance when clinical samples were tested using both extracted and unextracted specimens. CONCLUSION Commercially available ASRs can be successfully multiplexed for the PCR detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV using dermal specimens. Either direct testing or nucleic acid extracted specimens can be used with similar performance in these assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daelynn R Buelow
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Migliolo L, Silva ON, Silva PA, Costa MP, Costa CR, Nolasco DO, Barbosa JARG, Silva MRR, Bemquerer MP, Lima LMP, Romanos MTV, Freitas SM, Magalhães BS, Franco OL. Structural and functional characterization of a multifunctional alanine-rich peptide analogue from Pleuronectes americanus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47047. [PMID: 23056574 PMCID: PMC3466273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, defense peptides that are able to act against several targets have been characterized. The present work focuses on structural and functional evaluation of the peptide analogue Pa-MAP, previously isolated as an antifreeze peptide from Pleuronectes americanus. Pa-MAP showed activities against different targets such as tumoral cells in culture (CACO-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116), bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and fungi (Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (28d&E) and T. rubrum (327)). This peptide did not show toxicity against mammalian cells such as erythrocytes, Vero and RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular mechanism of action was related to hydrophobic residues, since only the terminal amino group is charged at pH 7 as confirmed by potentiometric titration. In order to shed some light on its structure-function relations, in vitro and in silico assays were carried out using circular dichroism and molecular dynamics. Furthermore, Pa-MAP showed partial unfolding of the peptide changes in a wide pH (3 to 11) and temperature (25 to 95°C) ranges, although it might not reach complete unfolding at 95°C, suggesting a high conformational stability. This peptide also showed a conformational transition with a partial α-helical fold in water and a full α-helical core in SDS and TFE environments. These results were corroborated by spectral data measured at 222 nm and by 50 ns dynamic simulation. In conclusion, data reported here show that Pa-MAP is a potential candidate for drug design against pathogenic microorganisms due to its structural stability and wide activity against a range of targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Migliolo
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Osmar N. Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Silva
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Virologia-Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maysa P. Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carolina R. Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego O. Nolasco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - João A. R. G. Barbosa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biofísica-Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria R. R. Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P. Bemquerer
- Laboratório de Sîntese de Peptídeos, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lidia M. P. Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria T. V. Romanos
- Departamento de Virologia-Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sonia M. Freitas
- Laboratório de Biofísica-Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S. Magalhães
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Das S, Krithiga GSP, Gopalakrishnan S. Detection of human herpes viruses in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis and relationship between viruses and clinical parameters. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:203-9. [PMID: 22923891 PMCID: PMC3424935 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.98502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent microbiological researches have revealed the possible role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The present pilot study has been undertaken to detect the presence of these viruses in chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and healthy individuals and to determine the relationship between these viruses and the clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 patients belonging to the age group of 18 to 55 years were included. The patients were randomly assigned into periodontally healthy (sulcus depth ≤ 3 mm), chronic periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis with pockets measuring ≥6 mm. Seventy-five subgingival plaque samples (25 samples from each group) were collected and subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of presence of HCMV, EBV, HSV-1, and HSV-2. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for multiple group comparisons followed by Student's t-test for pair-wise comparisons. Categorical data was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS HSV-1 was detected in 76% (P<0.001) of sites with chronic periodontitis and 80% (P<0.001) sites with aggressive periodontitis. EBV was detected in 32% (P<0.05) of sites with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. The probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level was statistically significant in HSV-1 detected sites compared with undetected sites in aggressive periodontitis patients CONCLUSION Among these viruses HSV-1 and EBV were found to be significantly associated with destructive periodontal disease, including chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Further, HSV-1 was found to be associated with severity and progression of destructive periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Das
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bastos MDS, Figueiredo LTM, Naveca FG, Monte RL, Lessa N, Pinto de Figueiredo RM, Gimaque JBDL, Pivoto João G, Ramasawmy R, Mourão MPG. Identification of Oropouche Orthobunyavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of three patients in the Amazonas, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:732-5. [PMID: 22492162 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropouche fever is the second most frequent arboviral infection in Brazil, surpassed only by dengue. Oropouche virus (OROV) causes large and explosive outbreaks of acute febrile illness in cities and villages in the Amazon and Central-Plateau regions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 110 meningoencephalitis patients were analyzed. The RNA extracted from fluid was submitted to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing to identify OROV. Three CSF samples showed the presence of OROV causing infection in the central nervous system (CNS). These patients are adults. Two of the patients had other diseases affecting CNS and immune systems: neurocysticercosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the OROV from the CSF of these patients belonged to genotype I. We show here that severe Oropouche disease is occurring during outbreaks of this virus in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele de Souza Bastos
- Fundação De Medicina Tropical - Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, University of State of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Karpathios T, Moustaki M, Yiallouros P, Sarifi F, Tzanakaki G, Fretzayas A. HSV-2 meningitis disseminated from a herpetic whitlow. Paediatr Int Child Health 2012; 32:121-2. [PMID: 22595224 DOI: 10.1179/2046905511y.0000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
HSV-2 meningitis is uncommon in childhood and is mainly associated with genital lesions or a history of sexual abuse. A 7-year-old boy with recurrent herpetic whitlow developed HSV-2 meningitis. HSV-2 was identified in the CSF by PCR. In children with herpetic whitlow, the risk of HSV-2, although rare, should be considered.
Collapse
|
44
|
Structural characterization and anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activity of glycolipids from the marine algae Osmundaria obtusiloba isolated from Southeastern Brazilian coast. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:918-931. [PMID: 22690151 PMCID: PMC3366683 DOI: 10.3390/md10040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids were extracted from the red alga Osmundaria obtusiloba from Southeastern Brazilian coast. The acetone insoluble material was extracted with chloroform/methanol and the lipids, enriched in glycolipids, were fractionated on a silica gel column eluted with chloroform, acetone and then methanol. Three major orcinol-positive bands were found in the acetone and methanol fractions, being detected by thin layer chromatography. The structures of the corresponding glycolipids were elucidated by ESI-MS and 1H/13C NMR analysis, on the basis of their tandem-MS behavior and HSQC, TOCSY fingerprints. For the first time, the structure of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol from the red alga Osmundaria obtusiloba was characterized. This molecule exhibited potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 with EC50 values of 42 µg/mL to HSV-1 and 12 µg/mL to HSV-2, respectively. Two other glycolipids, mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, were also found in the alga, being characterized by ESI-MS/MS. The structural elucidation of algae glycolipids is a first step for a better understanding of the relation between these structures and their biological activities.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ramamurthy M, Alexander M, Aaron S, Kannangai R, Ravi V, Sridharan G, Abraham AM. Comparison of a conventional polymerase chain reaction with real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of neurotropic viruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:102-9. [PMID: 21654102 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.81777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR for the detection of neurotropic DNA viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 147 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples was collected from patients attending a tertiary care hospital in South India for a period from 2005 to 2008. All these samples were tested using a conventional multiplex/uniplex PCR and a real-time multiplex/uniplex PCR. This technique was used to detect a large number of herpes viruses responsible for central nervous system infections, including HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV and EBV and the polyoma virus JCV. RESULTS Overall, in the entire set of samples, the real-time PCR yielded 88 (59.9%) positives and conventional PCR had six (4.1%) positives. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the real-time PCR assay was more sensitive compared with the conventional PCR. The advantage of real-time PCR is that it can be performed much faster than conventional PCR. Real-time PCR is less time-consuming, less labour-intensive and also reduces the chance of contamination as there is no post-amplification procedure. In the entire study population, the major viruses detected using real-time PCR were EBV (34%), HSV-2 (10.8%) and VZV (6.8%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ramamurthy
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 004, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rapid virological diagnosis of central nervous system infections by use of a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR DNA microarray. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3874-9. [PMID: 21918017 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01214-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the main etiological cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. A rapid molecular diagnosis is recommended to improve the therapeutic management of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a DNA microarray, the Clart Entherpex kit (Genomica, Coslada, Spain), allowing the rapid and simultaneous detection of 9 DNA and RNA neurotropic viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, HHV-8, and the human enteroviruses (HEVs). This evaluation was performed with 28 samples from the European proficiency panels (Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics [QCMD]; Glasgow, Scotland) and then with 78 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. The majority of the QCMD results obtained by the DNA microarray were similar to those recorded by the overall QCMD participants. The main discrepant results were observed for low concentrations of HSV-2 and HEVs. From the clinical samples, the kit detected 27 of the 28 herpesvirus CNS infections and all of the 30 HEV-positive CSF samples. No false-positive result was observed among the 20 virus-negative CSF samples. The clinical sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of the assay were 98.3, 100, 95.2, and 100%, respectively, when the results were compared to those of commercially available PCR assays. Interestingly, HHV-7 was detected in 11 (37%) of the 30 HEV-positive CSF samples from children suffering from aseptic meningitis causing significantly longer lengths of stay at the hospital than infection with HEVs alone (2.4 versus 1.4 days; P = 0.038). In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that this DNA microarray could be a valuable molecular diagnostic tool for single and mixed DNA and RNA virus infections of the CNS.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ferreira DC, Rôças IN, Paiva SS, Carmo FL, Cavalcante FS, Rosado AS, Santos KR, Siqueira JF. Viral-bacterial associations in acute apical abscesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
48
|
Lu J, Gong W, Cheng H, Wu Z, Li D, Wang X, Liang P, Zhang J. Detection of HBV genotypes of tumor tissues and serum by a fluorescence polarization assay in north-western China's hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Virol J 2011; 8:362. [PMID: 21781311 PMCID: PMC3152914 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of the distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and the occult hepatitis B virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma may shed light into the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of the study is to investigate hepatitis B virus genotypes distribution, the high-risk genotypes and the occult infection in north-western China's hepatocellular carcinoma patients. METHODS Hepatitis B virus genotypes A-D of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissues and serum samples in 268 north-western China hepatocellular carcinoma patients were detected by fluorescence polarization assay. The hepatitis B virus genotypes in serum and matched primary tumor tissue samples were compared. Hepatitis B surface antigen and α-fetoprotein in serum were detected. Occult hepatitis B virus infections were analyzed. The relationship between hepatitis B virus genotypes and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed statistically using SPSS v.10.0. RESULTS Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 83.6% of 268 patients, whereas serum hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 78.7%. The hepatitis B virus genotypes in serum were consistent with the results in matched tumor tissue. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus genotype B and C were detected respectively in 11.6% and 54.5% of the patients. Mixed intrahepatic hepatitis B virus genotypes were detected in 13.4% of 268 patients. There was not mixed hepatitis B virus infection in Edmondonson grade I. The patients with mixed HBV genotypes exhibited statistically significant different Edmondson grade than the patients with single type HBV infection (p < 0.05). Hepatitis B surface antigens were positive in 77.2% of 268 patients. Hepatitis B virus genotype C was detected in 64.7% of occult infected patients. There was no significant differences of patients' ages and α-fetoprotein level in different groups of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus genotypes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis B virus genotype C was associated closely with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and the occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients in north-western China. There was a relatively high prevalence of mixed hepatitis B virus infection in Edmondonson grade III-IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sankuntaw N, Sukprasert S, Engchanil C, Kaewkes W, Chantratita W, Pairoj V, Lulitanond V. Single tube multiplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. Mol Cell Probes 2011; 25:114-20. [PMID: 21466846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus infection of immunocompromised hosts may lead to central nervous system (CNS) infection and diseases. In this study, a single tube multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the detection of five herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV and CMV) in clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. Two primer pairs specific for the herpesvirus polymerase gene and five hybridization probe pairs for the specific identification of the herpesvirus types were used in a LightCycler multiplex real-time PCR. A singleplex real-time PCR was first optimized and then applied to the multiplex real-time PCR. The singleplex and multiplex real-time PCRs showed no cross-reactivity. The sensitivity of the singleplex real-time PCR was 1 copy per reaction for each herpesvirus, while that of the multiplex real-time PCR was 1 copy per reaction for HSV-1 and VZV and 10 copies per reaction for HSV-2, EBV and CMV. Intra and inter-assay variations of the single tube multiplex assay were in the range of 0.02%-3.67% and 0.79%-4.35%, respectively. The assay was evaluated by testing 62 clinical CSF samples and was found to have equivalent sensitivity, specificity and agreement as the routine real-time PCR, but reducing time, cost and amount of used sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Sankuntaw
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ferreira DC, Paiva SSM, Carmo FL, Rôças IN, Rosado AS, Santos KRN, Siqueira JF. Identification of herpesviruses types 1 to 8 and human papillomavirus in acute apical abscesses. J Endod 2010; 37:10-6. [PMID: 21146068 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that viruses, especially herpesviruses, can play a role in the pathogenesis of marginal and apical periodontitis. This study aimed to detect herpesviruses types 1 to 8, namely herpes simplex virus (HSV-1/2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) in acute apical abscesses. METHODS Twenty-four samples were taken by aspiration of the purulent exudate from acute apical abscesses. DNA extracted from clinical samples served as a template in single or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of the target viruses. RESULTS Control PCR reactions with β-globin gene primers revealed that all samples but one had detectable human DNA. Of the 23 abscess samples positive for the β-globin gene, 14 (61%) were positive for at least one of the target human viruses. Thirteen (56.5%) cases had herpesvirus: HHV-8 occurred in 11 (48%), VZV and HHV-6B in two (9%), and HHV-7 and HSV-1/2 in one (4%). EBV and HCMV were not present in any of the examined samples. HPV was detected in three (13%) abscess samples. Viral coinfection was found in five cases, with one case harboring three of the targeted viruses. CONCLUSION A large number of abscess samples were positive for at least one target virus. Unexpectedly, HHV-8 was for the first time detected and in a high prevalence. Papillomavirus and other herpesviruses were also found for the first time in endodontic abscesses. Although these findings suggest an association, the specific role of viruses in the pathogenesis of acute apical abscesses awaits further clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Ferreira
- Institute of Microbiology Prof Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|