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Chen J, Ding Y, Jiang C, Qu R, Wren JD, Georgescu C, Wang X, Reuter DN, Liu B, Giles CB, Mayr CH, Schiller HB, Dai J, Stipp CS, Subramaniyan B, Wang J, Zuo H, Huang C, Fung KM, Rice HC, Sonnenberg A, Wu D, Walters MS, Zhao YY, Kanie T, Hays FA, Papin JF, Wang DW, Zhang XA. CD151 Maintains Endolysosomal Protein Quality to Inhibit Vascular Inflammation. Circ Res 2024; 134:1330-1347. [PMID: 38557119 PMCID: PMC11081830 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetraspanin CD151 is highly expressed in endothelia and reinforces cell adhesion, but its role in vascular inflammation remains largely unknown. METHODS In vitro molecular and cellular biological analyses on genetically modified endothelial cells, in vivo vascular biological analyses on genetically engineered mouse models, and in silico systems biology and bioinformatics analyses on CD151-related events. RESULTS Endothelial ablation of Cd151 leads to pulmonary and cardiac inflammation, severe sepsis, and perilous COVID-19, and endothelial CD151 becomes downregulated in inflammation. Mechanistically, CD151 restrains endothelial release of proinflammatory molecules for less leukocyte infiltration. At the subcellular level, CD151 determines the integrity of multivesicular bodies/lysosomes and confines the production of exosomes that carry cytokines such as ANGPT2 (angiopoietin-2) and proteases such as cathepsin-D. At the molecular level, CD151 docks VCP (valosin-containing protein)/p97, which controls protein quality via mediating deubiquitination for proteolytic degradation, onto endolysosomes to facilitate VCP/p97 function. At the endolysosome membrane, CD151 links VCP/p97 to (1) IFITM3 (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3), which regulates multivesicular body functions, to restrain IFITM3-mediated exosomal sorting, and (2) V-ATPase, which dictates endolysosome pH, to support functional assembly of V-ATPase. CONCLUSIONS Distinct from its canonical function in strengthening cell adhesion at cell surface, CD151 maintains endolysosome function by sustaining VCP/p97-mediated protein unfolding and turnover. By supporting protein quality control and protein degradation, CD151 prevents proteins from (1) buildup in endolysosomes and (2) discharge through exosomes, to limit vascular inflammation. Also, our study conceptualizes that balance between degradation and discharge of proteins in endothelial cells determines vascular information. Thus, the IFITM3/V-ATPase-tetraspanin-VCP/p97 complexes on endolysosome, as a protein quality control and inflammation-inhibitory machinery, could be beneficial for therapeutic intervention against vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Chen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Yingjun Ding
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Chao Jiang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Rongmei Qu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | | | - Xuejun Wang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - Beibei Liu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Cory B. Giles
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | | | - Jingxing Dai
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | | | - Jie Wang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Houjuan Zuo
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Heather C. Rice
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - David Wu
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - You-Yang Zhao
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tomoharu Kanie
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - James F. Papin
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin A. Zhang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
- Lead contact
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Wang M, Yao X, Tong X, Qi D, Ye X. Lnc-RPS6P3 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication and Attenuates the Inhibitory Effect of NS1 on Innate Immune Response. Microorganisms 2024; 12:654. [PMID: 38674599 PMCID: PMC11052439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host factors play important roles in influenza A virus (IAV) replication. In order to identify novel host factors involved in IAV replication, we compared the differentially expressed genes in A549 cells after IAV infection. We found that lncRNA lnc-RPS6P3 was up-regulated upon viral infection and poly(I:C) and IFN-β treatment, indicating it was an interferon-stimulated gene. Functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of lnc-RPS6P3 inhibited IAV replication while knockdown of lnc-RPS6P3 promoted viral infection in A549 cells. Lnc-RPS6P3 inhibited both transcription and replication of IAV. Further study showed that lnc-RPS6P3 interacted with viral NP and interfered with NP self-oligomerization and, consequently, inhibited vRNP activity. In addition, lnc-RPS6P3 interacted with viral NS1 and reduced the interaction of NS1 and RIG-I; it also attenuated the inhibitory effect of NS1 on IFN-β stimulation. In conclusion, we revealed that lnc-RPS6P3 is an interferon-stimulated gene that inhibits IAV replication and attenuates the inhibitory effect of NS1 on innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.T.); (D.Q.)
| | - Xinli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.T.); (D.Q.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.T.); (D.Q.)
| | - Dandan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.T.); (D.Q.)
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; (X.Y.); (X.T.); (D.Q.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Yau E, Yang L, Chen Y, Umstead TM, Stanley AE, Halstead ES, Gandhi CK, Yewdell JW, Chroneos ZC. SP-R210 isoforms of Myosin18A modulate endosomal sorting and recognition of influenza A virus infection in macrophages. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105280. [PMID: 38135024 PMCID: PMC10948314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes acute and often lethal inflammation in the lung. The role of macrophages in this adverse inflammation is partially understood. The surfactant protein A receptor 210 (SP-R210) consists of two isoforms, a long (L) SP-R210L and a short (S) SP-R210S isoform encoded by alternative splicing of the myosin 18A gene. We reported that disruption of SP-R210L enhances cytosolic and endosomal antiviral response pathways. Here, we report that SP-R210L antagonizes type I interferon β (IFNβ), as depletion of SP-R210L potentiates IFNβ secretion. SP-R210 antibodies enhance and attenuate IFNβ secretion in SP-R210L replete and deficient macrophages, respectively, indicating that SP-R210 isoform stoichiometry alters macrophage function intrinsically. This reciprocal response is coupled to unopposed and restricted expression of viral genes in control and SP-R210L-deficient macrophages, respectively. Human monocytic cells with sub-stoichiometric expression of SP-R210L resist IAV infection, whereas alveolar macrophages with increased abundance of SP-R210L permit viral gene expression similar to murine macrophages. Uptake and membrane binding studies show that lack of SP-R210 isoforms does not impair IAV binding and internalization. Lack of SP-R210L, however, results in macropinocytic retention of the virus that depends on both SP-R210S and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3). Mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses indicate that SP-R210 isoforms modulate differential recruitment of the Rho-family GTPase RAC1 and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Our study suggests that SP-R210 isoforms modulate RAC-dependent macropinosomal sorting of IAV to discrete endosomal and lysosomal compartments that either permit or prevent endolysosomal escape and inflammatory sensing of viral genomes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anne E Stanley
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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4
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Husain M. Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs. Pathogens 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38392865 PMCID: PMC10893265 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has been one of the most prevalent and researched viruses globally. Consequently, there is ample information available about influenza virus lifecycle and pathogenesis. However, there is plenty yet to be known about the determinants of influenza virus pathogenesis and disease severity. Influenza virus exploits host factors to promote each step of its lifecycle. In turn, the host deploys antiviral or restriction factors that inhibit or restrict the influenza virus lifecycle at each of those steps. Two broad categories of host restriction factors can exist in virus-infected cells: (1) encoded by the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and (2) encoded by the constitutively expressed genes that are not stimulated by interferons (non-ISGs). There are hundreds of ISGs known, and many, e.g., Mx, IFITMs, and TRIMs, have been characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different stages of its lifecycle by (1) blocking viral entry or progeny release, (2) sequestering or degrading viral components and interfering with viral synthesis and assembly, or (3) bolstering host innate defenses. Also, many non-ISGs, e.g., cyclophilins, ncRNAs, and HDACs, have been identified and characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different lifecycle stages by similar mechanisms. This review provides an overview of those ISGs and non-ISGs and how the influenza virus escapes the restriction imposed by them and aims to improve our understanding of the host restriction mechanisms of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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5
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of recovery from neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by sex as a biological variable. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102933. [PMID: 38661305 PMCID: PMC10628633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1; pre-exposure), PND 7, and PND 21neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95 % FiO2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Ma J, Tu Z, Du S, Zhang X, Wang J, Guo J, Feng Y, He H, Wang H, Li C, Tu C, Liu Y. IFITM3 restricts RABV infection through inhibiting viral entry and mTORC1- dependent autophagy. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109823. [PMID: 37392666 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Rabies, which caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a zoonotic and life-threatening disease with 100% mortality, and there is no effective treatment thus far due to the unclear pathogenesis and less of treatment targets. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has recently been identified as an important anti-viral host effector induced by type I interferon. However, the role of IFITM3 in RABV infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that IFITM3 is a crucial restriction factor for RABV, the viral-induced IFITM3 significantly inhibited RABV replication, while knockdown of IFITM3 had the opposite effect. We then identified that IFNβ induces the upregulation of IFITM3 in the absence or presence of RABV infection, meanwhile, IFITM3 positively regulates RABV-triggered production of IFNβ in a feedback manner. In-depth research we found that IFITM3 not only inhibits the virus absorb and entry, but also inhibits viral replication through mTORC1-dependent autophagy. All these findings broaden our understanding of IFITM3 function and uncover a novel mechanism against RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ma
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhongzhong Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Shouwen Du
- Department of infectious diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jinlin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jianxiong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chang Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China.
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7
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of Recovery from Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Sex as a Biological Variable. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552532. [PMID: 37609288 PMCID: PMC10441379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1) and postnatal day 21 (PND 21) neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% FiO 2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
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8
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Jiménez-Munguía I, Beaven AH, Blank PS, Sodt AJ, Zimmerberg J. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) and its antiviral activity. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 77:102467. [PMID: 36306674 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by enveloped viruses require fusion with cellular membranes for viral genome entry. Viral entry occurs following an interaction of viral and cellular membranes allowing the formation of fusion pores, by which the virus accesses the cytoplasm. Here, we focus on interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) and its antiviral activity. IFITM3 is predicted to block or stall viral fusion at an intermediate state, causing viral propagation to fail. After introducing IFITM3, we describe the generalized lipid membrane fusion pathway and how it can be stalled, particularly with respect to IFITM3, and current questions regarding IFITM3's topology, with specific emphasis on IFITM3's amphipathic α-helix (AAH) 59V-68M, which is necessary for the antiviral activity. We report new hydrophobicity and hydrophobic moment calculations for this peptide and a variety of active site peptides from known membrane-remodeling proteins. Finally, we discuss the effects of posttranslational modifications and localization, how IFITM3's AAH may block viral fusion, and possible ramifications of membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jiménez-Munguía
- Section on Integrative Biophysics Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - A H Beaven
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH) MD, USA; Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - P S Blank
- Section on Integrative Biophysics Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - A J Sodt
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH) MD, USA.
| | - J Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA.
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Friedlová N, Zavadil Kokáš F, Hupp TR, Vojtěšek B, Nekulová M. IFITM protein regulation and functions: Far beyond the fight against viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042368. [PMID: 36466909 PMCID: PMC9716219 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines that regulate immune responses through the activation of hundreds of genes, including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). This evolutionarily conserved protein family includes five functionally active homologs in humans. Despite the high sequence homology, IFITMs vary in expression, subcellular localization and function. The initially described adhesive and antiproliferative or pro-oncogenic functions of IFITM proteins were diluted by the discovery of their antiviral properties. The large set of viruses that is inhibited by these proteins is constantly expanding, as are the possible mechanisms of action. In addition to their beneficial antiviral effects, IFITM proteins are often upregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. IFITM proteins have been linked to most hallmarks of cancer, including tumor cell proliferation, therapeutic resistance, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Recent studies have described the involvement of IFITM proteins in antitumor immunity. This review summarizes various levels of IFITM protein regulation and the physiological and pathological functions of these proteins, with an emphasis on tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Friedlová
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Zavadil Kokáš
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ted R. Hupp
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bořivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Nekulová
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
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Likońska A, Gawrysiak M, Gajewski A, Klimczak K, Michlewska S, Szewczyk R, Gulbas I, Chałubiński M. Human lung vascular endothelium may limit viral replication and recover in time upon the infection with rhinovirus HRV16. APMIS 2022; 130:678-685. [PMID: 35959516 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium is a semi-permeable barrier that regulates the flow of nutrients, ions, cytokines, and immune cells between blood and tissues. Barrier properties of endothelium, its ability to regenerate, and the potential for secretion of inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in maintaining local tissue homeostasis. The lung vascular endothelial cells was shown to be infected by human rhinovirus and generate antiviral, inflammatory and cytopathic responses. The current study reveals that in the long-time manner the lung vascular endothelium may efficiently limit the HRV replication via the IFN-dependent 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) activation. This leads to the restoration of integrity accompanied by the up-regulation of adherens and tight junctions, increase of metabolic activity, and proliferation rate. Secondly, HRV16-infected cells show delayed and transient up-regulation of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), angiopoietin 1 and 2, and neurophilin-1 (NRP-1), as well as VEGF receptors. The lung vascular endothelium infected with HRV may limit the infection, recover in time, and regain barrier properties and metabolic functions, thus leading to the restoration of integrated barrier tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Likońska
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gawrysiak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Klimczak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland;Banacha12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Szewczyk
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Gulbas
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Chair of Pulmonology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland;Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Harmon E, Doan A, Bautista-Garrido J, Jung JE, Marrelli SP, Kim GS. Increased Expression of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) in Stroke and Other Inflammatory Conditions in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8885. [PMID: 36012150 PMCID: PMC9408431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, become more highly reactive with aging and diseased conditions. In collaboration with other cell types in brains, microglia can contribute both to worsened outcome following stroke or other neurodegenerative diseases and to the recovery process by changing their phenotype toward reparative microglia. Recently, IFITM3 (a member of the "interferon-inducible transmembrane" family) has been revealed as a molecular mediator between amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation. Expression of IFITM3 in glial cells, especially microglia following stroke, is not well described. Here, we present evidence that ischemic stroke causes an increase in IFITM3 expression along with increased microglial activation marker genes in aged brains. To further validate the induction of IFITM3 in post-stroke brains, primary microglia and microglial-like cells were exposed to a variety of inflammatory conditions, which significantly induced IFITM3 as well as other inflammatory markers. These findings suggest the critical role of IFITM3 in inducing inflammation. Our findings on the expression of IFITM3 in microglia and in aged brains following stroke could establish the basic foundations for the role of IFITM3 in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those that are prevalent or enhanced in the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gab Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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IFITM3 Interacts with the HBV/HDV Receptor NTCP and Modulates Virus Entry and Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040727. [PMID: 35458456 PMCID: PMC9027621 DOI: 10.3390/v14040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP, gene symbol SLC10A1) is both a physiological bile acid transporter and the high-affinity hepatic receptor for the hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV/HDV). Virus entry via endocytosis of the virus/NTCP complex involves co-factors, but this process is not fully understood. As part of the innate immunity, interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM) 1–3 have been characterized as virus entry-restricting factors for many viruses. The present study identified IFITM3 as a novel protein–protein interaction (PPI) partner of NTCP based on membrane yeast-two hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Surprisingly, IFITM3 knockdown significantly reduced in vitro HBV infection rates of NTCP-expressing HuH7 cells and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). In addition, HuH7-NTCP cells showed significantly lower HDV infection rates, whereas infection with influenza A virus was increased. HBV-derived myr-preS1 peptide binding to HuH7-NTCP cells was intact even under IFITM3 knockdown, suggesting that IFITM3-mediated HBV/HDV infection enhancement occurs in a step subsequent to the viral attachment to NTCP. In conclusion, IFITM3 was identified as a novel NTCP co-factor that significantly affects in vitro infection with HBV and HDV in NTCP-expressing hepatoma cells and PHHs. While there is clear evidence for a direct PPI between IFITM3 and NTCP, the specific mechanism by which this PPI facilitates the infection process remains to be identified in future studies.
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Dorna J, Kaufmann A, Bockmann V, Raifer H, West J, Matrosovich M, Bauer S. Effects of Receptor Specificity and Conformational Stability of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin on Infection and Activation of Different Cell Types in Human PBMCs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827760. [PMID: 35359920 PMCID: PMC8963867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can be infected by zoonotic avian, pandemic and seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs), which differ by receptor specificity and conformational stability of their envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). It was shown that receptor specificity of the HA determines the tropism of IAVs to human airway epithelial cells, the primary target of IAVs in humans. Less is known about potential effects of the HA properties on viral attachment, infection and activation of human immune cells. To address this question, we studied the infection of total human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subpopulations of human PBMCs with well characterized recombinant IAVs differing by the HA and the neuraminidase (NA) but sharing all other viral proteins. Monocytes and all subpopulations of lymphocytes were significantly less susceptible to infection by IAVs with avian-like receptor specificity as compared to human-like IAVs, whereas plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and myeloid dendritic cells were equally susceptible to IAVs with avian-like and human-like receptor specificity. This tropism correlated with the surface expression of 2-3-linked sialic acids (avian-type receptors) and 2-6-linked sialic acids (human-type receptors). Despite a reduced infectivity of avian-like IAVs for PBMCs, these viruses were not less efficient than human-like IAVs in terms of cell activation as judged by the induction of cellular mRNA of IFN-α, CCL5, RIG-I, and IL-6. Elevated levels of IFN-α mRNA were accompanied by elevated IFN-α protein secretion in primary human pDC. We found that high basal expression in monocytes of antiviral interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) limited viral infection in these cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IFITM3 in monocytes demonstrated that viral sensitivity to inhibition by IFITM3 correlated with the conformational stability of the HA. Our study provides new insights into the role of host- and strain-specific differences of HA in the interaction of IAVs with human immune cells and advances current understanding of the mechanisms of viral cell tropism, pathogenesis and markers of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Dorna
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Bockmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Core Facility FACS, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna West
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Matrosovich
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Bauer, ; Mikhail Matrosovich,
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan Bauer, ; Mikhail Matrosovich,
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14
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Prashanth G, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Potential Molecular Mechanisms and Remdesivir Treatment for Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 Infection/COVID 19 Through RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 15:11779322211067365. [PMID: 34992355 PMCID: PMC8725226 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211067365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections
(COVID 19) is a progressive viral infection that has been investigated
extensively. However, genetic features and molecular pathogenesis underlying
remdesivir treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. Here, we used
bioinformatics to investigate the candidate genes associated in the
molecular pathogenesis of remdesivir-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected
patients. Methods: Expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing dataset (GSE149273) was
downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and the differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) in remdesivir-treated SARS-CoV-2 infection samples
and nontreated SARS-CoV-2 infection samples with an adjusted
P value of <.05 and a |log fold change| > 1.3
were first identified by limma in R software package. Next, pathway and gene
ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these DEGs was performed. Then, the hub
genes were identified by the NetworkAnalyzer plugin and the other
bioinformatics approaches including protein-protein interaction network
analysis, module analysis, target gene—miRNA regulatory network, and target
gene—TF regulatory network. Finally, a receiver-operating characteristic
analysis was performed for diagnostic values associated with hub genes. Results: A total of 909 DEGs were identified, including 453 upregulated genes and 457
downregulated genes. As for the pathway and GO enrichment analysis, the
upregulated genes were mainly linked with influenza A and defense response,
whereas downregulated genes were mainly linked with drug
metabolism—cytochrome P450 and reproductive process. In addition, 10 hub
genes (VCAM1, IKBKE, STAT1, IL7R, ISG15, E2F1, ZBTB16, TFAP4, ATP6V1B1, and
APBB1) were identified. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed
that hub genes (CIITA, HSPA6, MYD88, SOCS3, TNFRSF10A, ADH1A, CACNA2D2,
DUSP9, FMO5, and PDE1A) had good diagnostic values. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the molecular mechanism of
remdesivir-treated SARS-CoV-2 infection that might be useful in further
investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prashanth
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Biochemistry, Basaveshwar College of Pharmacy, Gadag, India
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MARCH8 Restricts Influenza A Virus Infectivity but Does Not Downregulate Viral Glycoprotein Expression at the Surface of Infected Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0148421. [PMID: 34517760 PMCID: PMC8546552 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01484-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH8 (MARCH8) impairs the cell surface expression of envelope glycoproteins from different viruses, reducing their incorporation into virions. Using stable cell lines with inducible MARCH8 expression, we show that MARCH8 did not alter susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, but virions released from infected cells were markedly less infectious. Knockdown of endogenous MARCH8 confirmed its effect on IAV infectivity. The expression of MARCH8 impaired the infectivity of both H3N2 and H1N1 strains and was dependent on its E3 ligase activity. Although virions released in the presence of MARCH8 expressed smaller amounts of viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins, there was no impact on levels of the viral HA, NA, or matrix 2 (M2) proteins detected on the surface of infected cells. Moreover, mutation of lysine residues in the cytoplasmic tails of HA, NA, and/or M2, or in the viral M1 protein, did not abrogate MARCH8-mediated restriction. While MARCH1 and -8 target similar immunological ligands and both restrict HIV-1, only MARCH8 inhibited IAV infectivity. Deletion of the N-terminal cytoplasmic (N-CT) domain of MARCH8 confirmed it to be a critical determinant of IAV inhibition. Of interest, deletion of the MARCH1 N-CT or its replacement with the MARCH8 N-CT resulted in acquisition of IAV restriction. Together, these data demonstrate that MARCH8 restricts a late stage in IAV replication by a mechanism distinct to its reported activity against other viruses. Moreover, we show that the N-CT of MARCH8 is essential for anti-IAV activity, whereas the MARCH1 N-CT inhibits its ability to restrict IAV.
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16
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Liang L, Jin X, Li J, Li R, Jiao X, Ma Y, Li Z, Liu R. A comprehensive review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic in animals: exploration of interaction with antibiotics of Shuang-Huang-Lian preparations. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:83-94. [PMID: 34636312 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666211012111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) has been widely used for treating infectious diseases of the respiratory tract such as encephalitis, pneumonia and asthma. During the past few decades, considerable research has focused on the pharmacological action, pharmacokinetic interaction with antibiotics and clinical applications of SHL. A huge and more recent body of pharmacokinetic study supports the combination of SHL and antibiotics has different effects such as antagonism and synergism. SHL has been one of the best-selling traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products. However, there is no system review of SHL preparations, ranging from protection against respiratory tract infections to interaction with antibiotics. Since their important significance in clinical therapy, the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and interactions with antibiotics of SHL were reviewed and discussed. In addition, this review attempts to explore the possible potential mechanism of SHL preparations in prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We are concerned about what is known of the effects of SHL against virus, bacterium, and its interactions with antibiotics, providing a new strategy for expanding the clinical research and medication of SHL preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Military Medicine Section, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 1 Huizhihuan Road, Dongli District, Tianjin 300309. China
| | - Jinjing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617. China
| | - Rong Li
- Military Medicine Section, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, 1 Huizhihuan Road, Dongli District, Tianjin 300309. China
| | - Xinyi Jiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617. China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone of Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617. China
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17
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Wang H, Wang L, Li J, Fu F, Zheng Y, Zhang L. Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of yak IFITM3 gene. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:349-357. [PMID: 34119542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IFITM3 is interferon-induced transmembrane 3, which plays an extremely key role in anti-proliferation, anti-virus and anti-tumor diseases. In this study, the yak (Bos grunniens) IFITM3 (BgIFITM3) gene contained a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) (25 bp), a coding region (441 bp), and a 3'-UTR (115 bp). The expression of BgIFITM3 gene in liver was significantly higher than that in heart, spleen, lung and kidney (P < 0.01). BgIFITM3 protein was localized on the yak hepatocyte plasma membrane, and its expression was significantly different between 1 day and 15 months of age (P < 0.05). Moreover, the prokaryotic expression vector of BgIFITM3 protein was constructed and expressed successfully, with a molecular weight of 19.5 kDa. The activities of yak hepatocyte were significantly inhibited after treating with BgIFITM3 protein (10 and 20 μg/mL) (P < 0.01). The expression levels of ERBB-2, IRS-1, PI3KR-1, AKT-1 and MAPK-3 were significantly lower after treating with 20 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein (P < 0.05). Besides, the activities of HepG2 cells were significantly inhibited after treating with BgIFITM3 protein (1, 10 and 20 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). While, the cloning ability and migration ability of HepG2 cells were significantly inhibited after treating with 10 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein (P < 0.05). Finally, the mitochondria of HepG2 cells was concentrated, cristae widened, and the double film density of mitochondria was increased after treating with 10 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein. After 10 μg/mL BgIFITM3 protein treating, the expression levels of VDAC-2, VDAC-3 and p53 genes were significantly increased, but the expression level of GPX-4 gene was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Taken together, the BgIFITM3 protein could inhibit the proliferations of yak hepatocyte and HepG2 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway or ferroptosis-related genes, respectively. These results benefit for further study of the function of BgIFITM3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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18
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Garst EH, Lee H, Das T, Bhattacharya S, Percher A, Wiewiora R, Witte IP, Li Y, Peng T, Im W, Hang HC. Site-Specific Lipidation Enhances IFITM3 Membrane Interactions and Antiviral Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:844-856. [PMID: 33887136 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are S-palmitoylated proteins in vertebrates that restrict a diverse range of viruses. S-palmitoylated IFITM3 in particular engages incoming virus particles, prevents their cytoplasmic entry, and accelerates their lysosomal clearance by host cells. However, how S-palmitoylation modulates the structure and biophysical characteristics of IFITM3 to promote its antiviral activity remains unclear. To investigate how site-specific S-palmitoylation controls IFITM3 antiviral activity, we employed computational, chemical, and biophysical approaches to demonstrate that site-specific lipidation of cysteine 72 enhances the antiviral activity of IFITM3 by modulating its conformation and interaction with lipid membranes. Collectively, our results demonstrate that site-specific S-palmitoylation of IFITM3 directly alters its biophysical properties and activity in cells to prevent virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Garst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Tandrila Das
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Avital Percher
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Rafal Wiewiora
- Tri-Institutional Ph.D. Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Isaac P. Witte
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yumeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Howard C. Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Departments of Immunology and Microbiology and Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Hu Y, Peng T, Gao L, Tan K. CytoTalk: De novo construction of signal transduction networks using single-cell transcriptomic data. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/16/eabf1356. [PMID: 33853780 PMCID: PMC8046375 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technology enables study of signal transduction in a complex tissue at unprecedented resolution. We describe CytoTalk for de novo construction of cell type-specific signaling networks using single-cell transcriptomic data. Using an integrated intracellular and intercellular gene network as the input, CytoTalk identifies candidate pathways using the prize-collecting Steiner forest algorithm. Using high-throughput spatial transcriptomic data and single-cell RNA sequencing data with receptor gene perturbation, we demonstrate that CytoTalk has substantial improvement over existing algorithms. To better understand plasticity of signaling networks across tissues and developmental stages, we perform a comparative analysis of signaling networks between macrophages and endothelial cells across human adult and fetal tissues. Our analysis reveals an overall increased plasticity of signaling networks across adult tissues and specific network nodes that contribute to increased plasticity. CytoTalk enables de novo construction of signal transduction pathways and facilitates comparative analysis of these pathways across tissues and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Human Interferon Inducible Transmembrane Protein 3 (IFITM3) Inhibits Influenza Virus A Replication and Inflammation by Interacting with ABHD16A. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6652147. [PMID: 33763481 PMCID: PMC7946484 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6652147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that human interferon inducible transmembrane protein (hIFITMs) family proteins have broad-spectrum antiviral capabilities. Preliminary studies in our laboratory have tentatively proved that hIFITMs have the effect of inhibiting influenza viruses. In order to further study its mechanism and role in the occurrence and development of influenza A, relevant studies have been carried out. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection technology was used to observe the effect of hIFITM3 on the replication of influenza A virus (IVA) and the interaction with hABHD16A. In HEK293 cells, overexpression of hIFITM3 protein significantly inhibited the replication of IVA at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h; yeast two-hybrid experiment proved that hIFITM3 interacts with hABHD16A; laser confocal microscopy observations showed that hIFITM3 and hABHD16A colocalized in the cell membrane area; the expression level of inflammation-related factors in cells overexpressing hIFITM3 or hABHD16A was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the results showed that the mRNA levels of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) were significantly increased. But when hIFITM3/hABHD16A was coexpressed, the mRNA expression levels of these cytokines were significantly reduced except COX2. When influenza virus infected cells coexpressing hIFITM3/hABHD16A, the expression level of inflammatory factors decreased compared with the control group, indicating that hIFITM3 can play an important role in regulating inflammation balance. This study confirmed that hIFITM3 has an effect of inhibiting IVA replication. Furthermore, it was found that hIFITM3 interacts with hABHD16A, following which it can better inhibit the replication of influenza virus and the inflammatory response caused by the disease process.
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21
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Chałubiński M, Szulc A, Pawełczyk M, Gajewski A, Gawrysiak M, Likońska A, Kowalski ML. Human rhinovirus 16 induces antiviral and inflammatory response in the human vascular endothelium. APMIS 2021; 129:143-151. [PMID: 33230840 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of rhinovirus on airway epithelium is very well described. However, its influence on the vascular endothelium is unknown. The current study assesses the effect of rhinovirus HRV16 on the antiviral and inflammatory response in the human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). HRV16 increased IFN-β, RANTES, and IP-10 mRNA expression and protein release. HRV16 copy number in ECs reached maximal value 10 h after incubation. Increase in virus copies was accompanied by the enhancement of Toll- and RIG-I-like receptors: TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5. Additionally, HRV16 increased OAS-1 and PKR mRNA expression, enzymes responsible for virus degradation and inhibition of replication. ICAM-1 blockade decreased HRV16 copy number in ECs and inhibited IFN-β, RANTES, IP-10, OAS1, PKR, TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5 mRNA expression increase upon subsequent induction with HRV16. The vascular endothelium may be infected by human rhinovirus and generate antiviral and inflammatory innate response. Results of the study indicate the possible involvement of the vascular endothelium in the immunopathology of rhinoviral airway infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gawrysiak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Likońska
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Fosse JH, Haraldsen G, Falk K, Edelmann R. Endothelial Cells in Emerging Viral Infections. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:619690. [PMID: 33718448 PMCID: PMC7943456 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.619690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several reasons to consider the role of endothelial cells in COVID-19 and other emerging viral infections. First, severe cases of COVID-19 show a common breakdown of central vascular functions. Second, SARS-CoV-2 replicates in endothelial cells. Third, prior deterioration of vascular function exacerbates disease, as the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect endothelium is shared by many emerging viruses, including henipaviruses, hantavirus, and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, all specifically targeting endothelial cells. The ability to infect endothelium appears to support generalised dissemination of infection and facilitate the access to certain tissues. The disturbed vascular function observed in severe COVID-19 is also a prominent feature of many other life-threatening viral diseases, underscoring the need to understand how viruses modulate endothelial function. We here review the role of vascular endothelial cells in emerging viral infections, starting with a summary of endothelial cells as key mediators and regulators of vascular and immune responses in health and infection. Next, we discuss endotheliotropism as a possible virulence factor and detail features that regulate viruses' ability to attach to and enter endothelial cells. We move on to review how endothelial cells detect invading viruses and respond to infection, with particular focus on pathways that may influence vascular function and the host immune system. Finally, we discuss how endothelial cell function can be dysregulated in viral disease, either by viral components or as bystander victims of overshooting or detrimental inflammatory and immune responses. Many aspects of how viruses interact with the endothelium remain poorly understood. Considering the diversity of such mechanisms among different emerging viruses allows us to highlight common features that may be of general validity and point out important challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,AquaMed Consulting AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidunn Edelmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS. Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:67-81. [PMID: 30487536 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause pandemics when they cross between species and an antigenically novel virus acquires the ability to infect and transmit between these new hosts. The timing of pandemics is currently unpredictable but depends on ecological and virological factors. The host range of an influenza A virus is determined by species-specific interactions between virus and host cell factors. These include the ability to bind and enter cells, to replicate the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, to evade host restriction factors and innate immune responses and to transmit between individuals. In this Review, we examine the host barriers that influenza A viruses of animals, especially birds, must overcome to initiate a pandemic in humans and describe how, on crossing the species barrier, the virus mutates to establish new interactions with the human host. This knowledge is used to inform risk assessments for future pandemics and to identify virus-host interactions that could be targeted by novel intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Long
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bhakti Mistry
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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24
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HA-Dependent Tropism of H5N1 and H7N9 Influenza Viruses to Human Endothelial Cells Is Determined by Reduced Stability of the HA, Which Allows the Virus To Cope with Inefficient Endosomal Acidification and Constitutively Expressed IFITM3. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.01223-19. [PMID: 31597765 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01223-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that certain avian influenza A viruses (IAVs), including zoonotic H5N1 and H7N9 IAVs, infect cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HULEC) more efficiently than other IAVs and that tropism to HULEC is determined by viral hemagglutinin (HA). To characterize mechanisms of HA-mediated endotheliotropism, we used 2:6 recombinant IAVs harboring HAs from distinctive avian and human viruses and found that efficient infection of HULEC correlated with low conformational stability of the HA. We next studied effects on viral infectivity of single-point amino acid substitutions in the HA of 2:6 recombinant virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004-PR8 (H5N1). Substitutions H8Q, H103Y, T315I, and K582I (K58I in the HA2 subunit), which increased stability of the HA, markedly reduced viral infectivity for HULEC, whereas substitutions K189N and K218Q, which altered typical H5N1 virus-like receptor specificity and reduced binding avidity of the HA, led to only marginal reduction of infectivity. None of these substitutions affected virus infection in MDCK cells. We confirmed the previous observation of elevated basal expression of IFITM3 protein in HULEC and found that endosomal acidification is less efficient in HULEC than in MDCK cells. In accord with these findings, counteraction of IFITM3-mediated restriction by amphotericin B and reduction of endosomal pH by moderate acidification of the extracellular medium enhanced infectivity of viruses with stable HA for HULEC without significant effect on infectivity for MDCK cells. Collectively, our results indicate that relatively high pH optimum of fusion of the HA of zoonotic H5N1 and H7N9 IAVs allows them to overcome antiviral effects of inefficient endosomal acidification and IFITM3 in human endothelial cells.IMPORTANCE Receptor specificity of the HA of IAVs is known to be a critical determinant of viral cell tropism. Here, we show that fusion properties of the HA may also play a key role in the tropism. Thus, we demonstrate that IAVs having a relatively low pH optimum of fusion cannot efficiently infect human endothelial cells owing to their relatively high endosomal pH and increased expression of fusion-inhibiting IFITM3 protein. These restrictions can be overcome by IAVs with elevated pH of fusion, such as zoonotic H5N1 and H7N9. Our results illustrate that the infectivity of IAVs depends on an interplay between HA conformational stability, endosomal acidification and IFITM3 expression in target cells, and the extracellular pH. Given significant variation of levels of HA stability among animal, human, and zoonotic IAVs, our findings prompt further studies on the fusion-dependent tropism of IAVs to different cell types in humans and its role in viral host range and pathogenicity.
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25
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Wu H, Zhang R, Fan X, Lian Z, Hu Y. FoxOs could play an important role during influenza A viruses infection via microarray analysis based on GEO database. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:104009. [PMID: 31437558 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). The response and reaction from the host vary due to different subtypes. In this study, we identified the global transcriptomics of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and macrophage cells after infection of H5N1 and H1N1 strains using microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Our data showed that influenza A viruses (IAVs) could induce more global profound transcriptomics in HUVEC than macrophage cells. H5N1 infection led to much more rigorous apoptosis than H1N1 did in macrophage cells. Our data is consistent with the idea that by maintaining normal levels of FoxO1 could be maintained, the pro-apoptotic effects of IAV virus infection could be reduced. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis responses could be manipulated via FoxOs in response to IAVs infection, indicating that FoxOs could function as candidate target for the treatment of IAVs infection. Our result thus provides new insight for the future strategy of anti-IAVs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- National Surveillance and Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Rd, Shibei, Qingdao 266032, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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26
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Bradley KC, Finsterbusch K, Schnepf D, Crotta S, Llorian M, Davidson S, Fuchs SY, Staeheli P, Wack A. Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 28:245-256.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular restriction factor that blocks fusion between virus and host membranes. Here, we provide an introduction to IFITM3 and the biochemical regulation underlying its antiviral activity. Further, we analyze and summarize the published literature examining phenotypes of IFITM3 knockout mice upon infections with viral pathogens and discuss the controversial association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human IFITM3 gene and severe virus infections. RECENT FINDINGS Recent publications show that IFITM3 knockout mice experience more severe pathologies than wild-type mice in diverse virus infections, including infections with influenza A virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and cytomegalovirus. Likewise, numerous studies of humans of Chinese ancestry have associated the IFITM3 SNP rs12252-C with severe influenza virus infections, though examinations of other populations, such as Europeans, in which this SNP is rare, have largely failed to identify an association with severe infections. A second SNP, rs34481144-A, found in the human IFITM3 promoter has also recently been reported to be a risk allele for severe influenza virus infections. SUMMARY There is significant evidence for a protective role of IFITM3 against virus infections in both mice and humans, though additional work is required to identify the range of pathogens restricted by IFITM3 and the mechanisms by which human SNPs affect IFITM3 levels or functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious, Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Biomedical Research Tower 790, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious, Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Biomedical Research Tower 790, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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28
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Late Endosomal/Lysosomal Cholesterol Accumulation Is a Host Cell-Protective Mechanism Inhibiting Endosomal Escape of Influenza A Virus. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01345-18. [PMID: 30042202 PMCID: PMC6058292 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01345-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To transfer the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm, internalized influenza A virus (IAV) particles depend on the fusion of the IAV envelope with host endosomal membranes. The antiviral host interferon (IFN) response includes the upregulation of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), which inhibits the release of the viral content into the cytosol. Although IFITM3 induction occurs concomitantly with late endosomal/lysosomal (LE/L) cholesterol accumulation, the functional significance of this process is not well understood. Here we report that LE/L cholesterol accumulation itself plays a pivotal role in the early antiviral defense. We demonstrate that inducing LE/L cholesterol accumulation is antiviral in non-IFN-primed cells, restricting incoming IAV particles and impairing mixing of IAV/endosomal membrane lipids. Our results establish a protective function of LE/L cholesterol accumulation and suggest endosomal cholesterol balance as a possible antiviral target. With annual epidemics occurring in all parts of the world and the risk of global outbreaks, influenza A virus (IAV) infections remain a major threat to public health. Infected host cells detect viral components and mount an interferon (IFN)-mediated response to restrict virus propagation and spread of infection. Identification of cellular factors and underlying mechanisms that establish such an antiviral state can provide novel strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. The contribution of LE/L cholesterol levels, especially in the context of the IFN-induced antiviral response, has remained controversial so far. Here, we report that accumulation of cholesterol in the LE/L compartment contributes to the IFN-induced host cell defense against incoming IAV. Our results establish cholesterol accumulation in LE/L per se as a novel antiviral barrier and suggest the endosomal cholesterol balance as a putative druggable host cell factor in IAV infection.
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29
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Zheng J, Perlman S. Immune responses in influenza A virus and human coronavirus infections: an ongoing battle between the virus and host. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 28:43-52. [PMID: 29172107 PMCID: PMC5835172 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, especially influenza A viruses and coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV, represent continuing global threats to human health. Despite significant advances, much needs to be learned. Recent studies in virology and immunology have improved our understanding of the role of the immune system in protection and in the pathogenesis of these infections and of co-evolution of viruses and their hosts. These findings, together with sophisticated molecular structure analyses, omics tools and computer-based models, have helped delineate the interaction between respiratory viruses and the host immune system, which will facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies and vaccines with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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30
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Li H, Bradley KC, Long JS, Frise R, Ashcroft JW, Hartgroves LC, Shelton H, Makris S, Johansson C, Cao B, Barclay WS. Internal genes of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus determine high viral replication in myeloid cells and severe outcome of infection in mice. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006821. [PMID: 29300777 PMCID: PMC5771632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 influenza virus has been a public health concern for more than a decade because of its frequent zoonoses and the high case fatality rate associated with human infections. Severe disease following H5N1 influenza infection is often associated with dysregulated host innate immune response also known as cytokine storm but the virological and cellular basis of these responses has not been clearly described. We rescued a series of 6:2 reassortant viruses that combined a PR8 HA/NA pairing with the internal gene segments from human adapted H1N1, H3N2, or avian H5N1 viruses and found that mice infected with the virus with H5N1 internal genes suffered severe weight loss associated with increased lung cytokines but not high viral load. This phenotype did not map to the NS gene segment, and NS1 protein of H5N1 virus functioned as a type I IFN antagonist as efficient as NS1 of H1N1 or H3N2 viruses. Instead we discovered that the internal genes of H5N1 virus supported a much higher level of replication of viral RNAs in myeloid cells in vitro, but not in epithelial cells and that this was associated with high induction of type I IFN in myeloid cells. We also found that in vivo during H5N1 recombinant virus infection cells of haematopoetic origin were infected and produced type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together our data infer that human and avian influenza viruses are differently controlled by host factors in alternative cell types; internal gene segments of avian H5N1 virus uniquely drove high viral replication in myeloid cells, which triggered an excessive cytokine production, resulting in severe immunopathology. Some avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, cause severe disease in humans and in experimental animal models associated with excessive cytokine production. We aimed to understand the virological mechanism behind the cytokine storm, and particularly the contribution of internal gene segments that encode the viral polymerase and the non-structural proteins, since these might be retained in a pandemic virus. We found that the internal genes from an H5N1 avian influenza virus allowed virus to replicate to strikingly higher levels in myeloid cells compared to internal genes of human adapted strains. The higher viral RNA levels did not lead to higher viral load but drove excessive cytokine production and more severe outcome in infected mice. The remarkable difference in viral replication in myeloid cells was not observed in lung epithelial cells, suggesting that cell type specific differences in host factors were responsible. Understanding the molecular basis of excessive viral replication in myeloid cells may guide future therapeutic options for viruses that have recently crossed into humans from birds.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Dogs
- Female
- Genes, Viral/physiology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/physiology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/virology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/mortality
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Severity of Illness Index
- Virus Replication/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konrad C. Bradley
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S. Long
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Frise
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W. Ashcroft
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorian C. Hartgroves
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Shelton
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spyridon Makris
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University; Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WSB); (BC)
| | - Wendy S. Barclay
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (WSB); (BC)
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31
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Villalón-Letelier F, Brooks AG, Saunders PM, Londrigan SL, Reading PC. Host Cell Restriction Factors that Limit Influenza A Infection. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120376. [PMID: 29215570 PMCID: PMC5744151 DOI: 10.3390/v9120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection of different cell types induces a unique spectrum of host defence genes, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes encoding other proteins with antiviral potential. Although hundreds of ISGs have been described, the vast majority have not been functionally characterised. Cellular proteins with putative antiviral activity (hereafter referred to as “restriction factors”) can target various steps in the virus life-cycle. In the context of influenza virus infection, restriction factors have been described that target virus entry, genomic replication, translation and virus release. Genome wide analyses, in combination with ectopic overexpression and/or gene silencing studies, have accelerated the identification of restriction factors that are active against influenza and other viruses, as well as providing important insights regarding mechanisms of antiviral activity. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding restriction factors that mediate anti-influenza virus activity and consider the viral countermeasures that are known to limit their impact. Moreover, we consider the strengths and limitations of experimental approaches to study restriction factors, discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo studies, and the potential to exploit restriction factors to limit disease caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Villalón-Letelier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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32
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Li HP, Chen PG, Liu FT, Zhu HS, Jiao XQ, Zhong K, Guo YJ, Zha GM, Han LQ, Lu WF, Wang YY, Yang GY. Characterization and anti-inflammation role of swine IFITM3 gene. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73579-73589. [PMID: 29088728 PMCID: PMC5650283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IFITM3 is involved in cell adhesion, apoptosis, immune, and antivirus activity. Furthermore, IFITM3 gene has been considered as a preferential marker for inflammatory diseases, and positive correlation to pathological grades. Therefore, we assumed that IFITM3 was regulated by different signal pathways. To better understand IFITM3 function in inflammatory response, we cloned swine IFITM3 gene, and detected IFITM3 distribution in tissues, as well as characterized this gene. Results indicated that the length of swine IFITM3 gene was 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids. IFITM3 gene expression abundance was higher in spleen and lungs. Moreover, we next constructed the eukaryotic expression vector PBIFM3 and transfected into PK15 cells, finally obtained swine IFITM3 gene stable expression cell line. Meanwhile, we explored the effects of LPS on swine IFITM3 expression. Results showed that LPS increased IFITM3 mRNA abundance and exhibited time-dependent effect for LPS treatment. To further demonstrate the mechanism that IFITM3 regulated type I IFNs production, we also detected the important molecules expression of TLR4 signaling pathway. In transfected and non-transfected IFITM3 PK15 cells, LPS exacerbated the relative expression of TLR4-NFκB signaling molecules. However, the IFITM3 overexpression suppressed the inflammatory development of PK15 cells. In conclusion, these data indicated that the overexpression of swine IFITM3 could decrease the inflammatory response through TLR4 signaling pathway, and participate in type I interferon production. These findings may lead to an improved understanding of the biological function of IFITM3 in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fu-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - He-Shui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Qin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zha
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Qiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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33
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Fino KK, Yang L, Silveyra P, Hu S, Umstead TM, DiAngelo S, Halstead ES, Cooper TK, Abraham T, Takahashi Y, Zhou Z, Wang HG, Chroneos ZC. SH3GLB2/endophilin B2 regulates lung homeostasis and recovery from severe influenza A virus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7262. [PMID: 28779131 PMCID: PMC5544693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New influenza A viruses that emerge frequently elicit composite inflammatory responses to both infection and structural damage of alveolar-capillary barrier cells that hinders regeneration of respiratory function. The host factors that relinquish restoration of lung health to enduring lung injury are insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the role of endophilin B2 (B2) in susceptibility to severe influenza infection. WT and B2-deficient mice were infected with H1N1 PR8 by intranasal administration and course of influenza pneumonia, inflammatory, and tissue responses were monitored over time. Disruption of B2 enhanced recovery from severe influenza infection as indicated by swift body weight recovery and significantly better survival of endophilin B2-deficient mice compared to WT mice. Compared to WT mice, the B2-deficient lungs exhibited induction of genes that express surfactant proteins, ABCA3, GM-CSF, podoplanin, and caveolin mRNA after 7 days, temporal induction of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein CEBPα, β, and δ mRNAs 3-14 days after infection, and differences in alveolar extracellular matrix integrity and respiratory mechanics. Flow cytometry and gene expression studies demonstrated robust recovery of alveolar macrophages and recruitment of CD4+ lymphocytes in B2-deficient lungs. Targeting of endophilin B2 alleviates adverse effects of IAV infection on respiratory and immune cells enabling restoration of alveolar homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Fino
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan DiAngelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Children's Hospital, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, and the Microscopy Imaging Facility, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
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SNP-mediated disruption of CTCF binding at the IFITM3 promoter is associated with risk of severe influenza in humans. Nat Med 2017; 23:975-983. [PMID: 28714988 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported associations of IFITM3 SNP rs12252 with severe influenza, but evidence of association and the mechanism by which risk is conferred remain controversial. We prioritized SNPs in IFITM3 on the basis of putative biological function and identified rs34481144 in the 5' UTR. We found evidence of a new association of rs34481144 with severe influenza in three influenza-infected cohorts characterized by different levels of influenza illness severity. We determined a role for rs34481144 as an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for IFITM3, with the risk allele associated with lower mRNA expression. The risk allele was found to have decreased IRF3 binding and increased CTCF binding in promoter-binding assays, and risk allele carriage diminished transcriptional correlations among IFITM3-neighboring genes, indicative of CTCF boundary activity. Furthermore, the risk allele disrupts a CpG site that undergoes differential methylation in CD8+ T cell subsets. Carriers of the risk allele had reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells in their airways during natural influenza infection, consistent with IFITM3 promoting accumulation of CD8+ T cells in airways and indicating that a critical function for IFITM3 may be to promote immune cell persistence at mucosal sites.Our study identifies a new regulator of IFITM3 expression that associates with CD8+ T cell levels in the airways and a spectrum of clinical outcomes.
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Pan Y, Yang P, Dong T, Zhang Y, Shi W, Peng X, Cui S, Zhang D, Lu G, Liu Y, Wu S, Wang Q. IFITM3 Rs12252-C Variant Increases Potential Risk for Severe Influenza Virus Infection in Chinese Population. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:294. [PMID: 28713779 PMCID: PMC5491636 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interferon Inducible Transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) is a key factor in interferon pathway and it involves host's immune response against multiple viruses. IFITM3 rs12252-C was associated with severe influenza virus infection in several studies, however whether this association is universal to all types of influenza virus or diverse ethnic populations remain controversial. Method: A case-control genetic association study was performed from September 2013 to April 2014 and September 2014 to April 2015. All samples were tested for influenza using RT-PCR, and genotyped by High Resolution Melting assay. Results: A total of 65 healthy people, 165 mild influenza-like illness (ILI) cases and 315 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases were enrolled in this study. The frequency of CC genotype was much higher in SARI cases with IVI than that in ILI cases with IVI (61.59 vs. 27.16%), leading a 4.67-fold greater risk for severe IVI than other two genotypes. Moreover, the risk of IFITM3 rs12252-C variant for severe IVI was specific for both influenza A and influenza B. Conclusion:IFITM3 rs12252 CC genotype was associated with severity rather than susceptibility of IVI in Chinese population, and this strong effect was observed in all subtypes of seasonal influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China.,Capital Medical University School of Public HealthBeijing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China.,Capital Medical University School of Public HealthBeijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weather all Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Weixian Shi
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Shujuan Cui
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Guilan Lu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Yimeng Liu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Shuangsheng Wu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China.,Capital Medical University School of Public HealthBeijing, China
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36
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Ganapathiraju MK, Karunakaran KB, Correa-Menéndez J. Predicted protein interactions of IFITMs may shed light on mechanisms of Zika virus-induced microcephaly and host invasion. F1000Res 2016; 5:1919. [PMID: 29333229 PMCID: PMC5747333 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9364.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
After the first reported case of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil, in 2015, a significant increase in the reported cases of microcephaly was observed. Microcephaly is a neurological condition in which the infant's head is significantly smaller with complications in brain development. Recently, two small membrane-associated interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITM1 and IFITM3) have been shown to repress members of the flaviviridae family which includes ZIKV. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the virus are yet unknown. Here, we assembled an interactome of IFITM1 and IFITM3 with known protein-protein interactions (PPIs) collected from publicly available databases and novel PPIs predicted using the High-confidence Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction (HiPPIP) model. We analyzed the functional and pathway associations of the interacting proteins, and found that there are several immunity pathways (toll-like receptor signaling, cd28 signaling in T-helper cells, crosstalk between dendritic cells and natural killer cells), neuronal pathways (axonal guidance signaling, neural tube closure and actin cytoskeleton signaling) and developmental pathways (neural tube closure, embryonic skeletal system development) that are associated with these interactors. Our novel PPIs associate cilia dysfunction in ependymal cells to microcephaly, and may also shed light on potential targets of ZIKV for host invasion by immunosuppression and cytoskeletal rearrangements. These results could help direct future research in elucidating the mechanisms underlying host defense to ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi K. Ganapathiraju
- Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kalyani B. Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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37
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Ganapathiraju MK, Karunakaran KB, Correa-Menéndez J. Predicted protein interactions of IFITMs may shed light on mechanisms of Zika virus-induced microcephaly and host invasion. F1000Res 2016; 5:1919. [PMID: 29333229 PMCID: PMC5747333 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9364.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first reported case of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil, in 2015, a significant increase in the reported cases of microcephaly was observed. Microcephaly is a neurological condition in which the infant’s head is significantly smaller with complications in brain development. Recently, two small membrane-associated interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITM1 and IFITM3) have been shown to repress members of the flaviviridae family which includes ZIKV. However, the exact mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the virus are yet unknown. Here, we assembled an interactome of IFITM1 and IFITM3 with known protein-protein interactions (PPIs) collected from publicly available databases and novel PPIs predicted using the High-confidence Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction (HiPPIP) model. We analyzed the functional and pathway associations of the interacting proteins, and found that there are several immunity pathways (toll-like receptor signaling, cd28 signaling in T-helper cells, crosstalk between dendritic cells and natural killer cells), neuronal pathways (axonal guidance signaling, neural tube closure and actin cytoskeleton signaling) and developmental pathways (neural tube closure, embryonic skeletal system development) that are associated with these interactors. Our novel PPIs associate cilia dysfunction in ependymal cells to microcephaly, and may also shed light on potential targets of ZIKV for host invasion by immunosuppression and cytoskeletal rearrangements. These results could help direct future research in elucidating the mechanisms underlying host defense to ZIKV and other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi K Ganapathiraju
- Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kalyani B Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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