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Buchan JR. Stress granule and P-body clearance: Seeking coherence in acts of disappearance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 159-160:10-26. [PMID: 38278052 PMCID: PMC10939798 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules and P-bodies are conserved cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates whose assembly and composition are well documented, but whose clearance mechanisms remain controversial or poorly described. Such understanding could provide new insight into how cells regulate biomolecular condensate formation and function, and identify therapeutic strategies in disease states where aberrant persistence of stress granules in particular is implicated. Here, I review and compare the contributions of chaperones, the cytoskeleton, post-translational modifications, RNA helicases, granulophagy and the proteasome to stress granule and P-body clearance. Additionally, I highlight the potentially vital role of RNA regulation, cellular energy, and changes in the interaction networks of stress granules and P-bodies as means of eliciting clearance. Finally, I discuss evidence for interplay of distinct clearance mechanisms, suggest future experimental directions, and suggest a simple working model of stress granule clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ross Buchan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85716, United States.
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Tourrière H, Chebli K, Zekri L, Courselaud B, Blanchard JM, Bertrand E, Tazi J. The RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3BP mediates stress granule assembly. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e200212128072023new. [PMID: 37672657 PMCID: PMC10482220 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200212128072023new] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are formed in the cytoplasm in response to various toxic agents and are believed to play a critical role in the regulation of mRNA metabolism during stress. In SGs, mRNAs are stored in an abortive translation initiation complex that can be routed to either translation initiation or degradation. Here, we show that G3BP, a phosphorylation-dependent endoribonuclease that interacts with RasGAP, is recruited to SGs in cells exposed to arsenite. G3BP may thus determine the fate of mRNAs during cellular stress. Remarkably, SG assembly can be either dominantly induced by G3BP overexpression, or on the contrary, inhibited by expressing a central domain of G3BP. This region binds RasGAP and contains serine 149 whose dephosphorylation is induced by arsenite treatment. Critically, a non-phosphorylatable G3BP mutant (S149A) oligomerizes and assembles SG. These results suggest that G3BP is an effector of SG assembly and that Ras signaling contributes to this process by regulating G3BP dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Tourrière
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karim Chebli
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Latifa Zekri
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brice Courselaud
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Marie Blanchard
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Mukhopadhyay C, Zhou P. Role(s) of G3BPs in Human Pathogenesis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:100-110. [PMID: 37468286 PMCID: PMC10519580 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding proteins (G3BP) are RNA binding proteins that play a critical role in stress granule (SG) formation. SGs protect critical mRNAs from various environmental stress conditions by regulating mRNA stability and translation to maintain regulated gene expression. Recent evidence suggests that G3BPs can also regulate mRNA expression through interactions with RNA outside of SGs. G3BPs have been associated with a number of disease states, including cancer progression, invasion, metastasis, and viral infections, and may be useful as a cancer therapeutic target. This review summarizes the biology of G3BP including their structure, function, localization, role in cancer progression, virus replication, mRNA stability, and SG formation. We will also discuss the potential of G3BPs as a therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review will discuss the molecular mechanism(s) and functional role(s) of Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding proteins in the context of stress granule formation, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
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Smailys J, Jiang F, Prioleau T, Kelley K, Mitchell O, Nour S, Ali L, Buchser W, Zavada L, Hinton SD. The DUSP domain of pseudophosphatase MK-STYX interacts with G3BP1 to decrease stress granules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 744:109702. [PMID: 37516290 PMCID: PMC10500436 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein (MK-STYX) is a dual specificity (DUSP) member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. It is a pseudophosphatase, which lacks the essential amino acids histidine and cysteine in the catalytic active signature motif (HCX5R). We previously reported that MK-STYX interacts with G3BP1 [Ras-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-binding-1] and reduces stress granules, stalled mRNA. To determine how MK-STYX reduces stress granules, truncated domains, CH2 (cell division cycle 25 phosphatase homology 2) and DUSP, of MK-STYX were used. Wild-type MK-STYX and the DUSP domain significantly decreased stressed granules that were induced by sodium arsenite, in which G3BP1 (a stress granule nucleator) was used as the marker. In addition, HEK/293 and HeLa cells co-expressing G3BP1-GFP and mCherry-MK-STYX, mCherry-MK-STYX-CH2, mCherry-MK-STYX-DUSP or mCherry showed that stress granules were significantly decreased in the presence of wild-type MK-STYX and the DUSP domain of MK-STYX. Further characterization of these dynamics in HeLa cells showed that the CH2 domain increased the number of stress granules within a cell, relative to wild-type and DUSP domain of MK-STYX. To further analyze the interaction of G3BP1 and the domains of MK-STYX, coimmunoprecipitation experiments were performed. Cells co-expressing G3BP1-GFP and mCherry, mCherry-MK-STYX, mCherry-MK-STYX-CH2, or mCherry-MK-STYX-DUSP demonstrated that the DUSP domain of MK-STYX interacts with both G3BP1-GFP and endogenous G3BP1, whereas the CH2 domain of MK-STYX did not coimmunoprecipitate with G3BP1. In addition, G3BP1 tyrosine phosphorylation, which is required for stress granule formation, was decreased in the presence of wild-type MK-STYX or the DUSP domain but increased in the presence of CH2. These data highlight a model for how MK-STYX decreases G3BP1-induced stress granules. The DUSP domain of MK-STYX interacts with G3BP1 and negatively alters its tyrosine phosphorylation- decreasing stress granule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Smailys
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Tatiana Prioleau
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Kylan Kelley
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Olivia Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA
| | - Samah Nour
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lina Ali
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William Buchser
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lynn Zavada
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Shantá D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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Koppenol R, Conceição A, Afonso IT, Afonso-Reis R, Costa RG, Tomé S, Teixeira D, da Silva JP, Côdesso JM, Brito DVC, Mendonça L, Marcelo A, Pereira de Almeida L, Matos CA, Nóbrega C. The stress granule protein G3BP1 alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia-associated deficits. Brain 2023; 146:2346-2363. [PMID: 36511898 PMCID: PMC10232246 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeat tracts in the codifying regions of nine, otherwise unrelated, genes. While the protein products of these genes are suggested to play diverse cellular roles, the pathogenic mutant proteins bearing an expanded polyglutamine sequence share a tendency to self-assemble, aggregate and engage in abnormal molecular interactions. Understanding the shared paths that link polyglutamine protein expansion to the nervous system dysfunction and the degeneration that takes place in these disorders is instrumental to the identification of targets for therapeutic intervention. Among polyglutamine diseases, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) share many common aspects, including the fact that they involve dysfunction of the cerebellum, resulting in ataxia. Our work aimed at exploring a putative new therapeutic target for the two forms of SCA with higher worldwide prevalence, SCA type 2 (SCA2) and type 3 (SCA3), which are caused by expanded forms of ataxin-2 (ATXN2) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3), respectively. The pathophysiology of polyglutamine diseases has been described to involve an inability to properly respond to cell stress. We evaluated the ability of GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), an RNA-binding protein involved in RNA metabolism regulation and stress responses, to counteract SCA2 and SCA3 pathology, using both in vitro and in vivo disease models. Our results indicate that G3BP1 overexpression in cell models leads to a reduction of ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation, associated with a decrease in protein expression. This protective effect of G3BP1 against polyglutamine protein aggregation was reinforced by the fact that silencing G3bp1 in the mouse brain increases human expanded ATXN2 and ATXN3 aggregation. Moreover, a decrease of G3BP1 levels was detected in cells derived from patients with SCA2 and SCA3, suggesting that G3BP1 function is compromised in the context of these diseases. In lentiviral mouse models of SCA2 and SCA3, G3BP1 overexpression not only decreased protein aggregation but also contributed to the preservation of neuronal cells. Finally, in an SCA3 transgenic mouse model with a severe ataxic phenotype, G3BP1 lentiviral delivery to the cerebellum led to amelioration of several motor behavioural deficits. Overall, our results indicate that a decrease in G3BP1 levels may be a contributing factor to SCA2 and SCA3 pathophysiology, and that administration of this protein through viral vector-mediated delivery may constitute a putative approach to therapy for these diseases, and possibly other polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Koppenol
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Conceição
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês T Afonso
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Afonso-Reis
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rafael G Costa
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Tomé
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - José Miguel Côdesso
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David V C Brito
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Matos
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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Liaisons dangereuses: Intrinsic Disorder in Cellular Proteins Recruited to Viral Infection-Related Biocondensates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032151. [PMID: 36768473 PMCID: PMC9917183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is responsible for the formation of so-called membrane-less organelles (MLOs) that are essential for the spatio-temporal organization of the cell. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or regions (IDRs), either alone or in conjunction with nucleic acids, are involved in the formation of these intracellular condensates. Notably, viruses exploit LLPS at their own benefit to form viral replication compartments. Beyond giving rise to biomolecular condensates, viral proteins are also known to partition into cellular MLOs, thus raising the question as to whether these cellular phase-separating proteins are drivers of LLPS or behave as clients/regulators. Here, we focus on a set of eukaryotic proteins that are either sequestered in viral factories or colocalize with viral proteins within cellular MLOs, with the primary goal of gathering organized, predicted, and experimental information on these proteins, which constitute promising targets for innovative antiviral strategies. Using various computational approaches, we thoroughly investigated their disorder content and inherent propensity to undergo LLPS, along with their biological functions and interactivity networks. Results show that these proteins are on average, though to varying degrees, enriched in disorder, with their propensity for phase separation being correlated, as expected, with their disorder content. A trend, which awaits further validation, tends to emerge whereby the most disordered proteins serve as drivers, while more ordered cellular proteins tend instead to be clients of viral factories. In light of their high disorder content and their annotated LLPS behavior, most proteins in our data set are drivers or co-drivers of molecular condensation, foreshadowing a key role of these cellular proteins in the scaffolding of viral infection-related MLOs.
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Guan Y, Wang Y, Fu X, Bai G, Li X, Mao J, Yan Y, Hu L. Multiple functions of stress granules in viral infection at a glance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1138864. [PMID: 36937261 PMCID: PMC10014870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1138864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are distinct RNA granules induced by various stresses, which are evolutionarily conserved across species. In general, SGs act as a conservative and essential self-protection mechanism during stress responses. Viruses have a long evolutionary history and viral infections can trigger a series of cellular stress responses, which may interact with SG formation. Targeting SGs is believed as one of the critical and conservative measures for viruses to tackle the inhibition of host cells. In this systematic review, we have summarized the role of SGs in viral infection and categorized their relationships into three tables, with a particular focus on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, we have outlined several kinds of drugs targeting SGs according to different pathways, most of which are potentially effective against SARS-CoV-2. We believe this review would offer a new view for the researchers and clinicians to attempt to develop more efficacious treatments for virus infection, particularly for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Guan
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Fu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongbin Yan,
| | - Lidan Hu
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Lidan Hu,
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Jin G, Zhang Z, Wan J, Wu X, Liu X, Zhang W. G3BP2: Structure and Function. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tryptophan mutations in G3BP1 tune the stability of a cellular signaling hub by weakening transient interactions with Caprin1 and USP10. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102552. [PMID: 36183834 PMCID: PMC9723946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) often coordinate transient interactions with multiple proteins to mediate complex signals within large protein networks. Among these, the IDP hub protein G3BP1 can form complexes with cytoplasmic phosphoprotein Caprin1 and ubiquitin peptidase USP10; the resulting control of USP10 activity contributes to a pathogenic virulence system that targets endocytic recycling of the ion channel CFTR. However, while the identities of protein interactors are known for many IDP hub proteins, the relationship between pairwise affinities and the extent of protein recruitment and activity is not well understood. Here, we describe in vitro analysis of these G3BP1 affinities and show tryptophan substitutions of specific G3BP1 residues reduce its affinity for both USP10 and Caprin1. We show that these same mutations reduce the stability of complexes between the full-length proteins, suggesting that copurification can serve as a surrogate measure of interaction strength. The crystal structure of G3BP1 TripleW (F15W/F33W/F124W) mutant reveals a clear reorientation of the side chain of W33, creating a steric clash with USP10 and Caprin1. Furthermore, an amino-acid scan of USP10 and Caprin1 peptides reveals similarities and differences in the ability to substitute residues in the core motifs as well as specific substitutions with the potential to create higher affinity peptides. Taken together, these data show that small changes in component binding affinities can have significant effects on the composition of cellular interaction hubs. These specific protein mutations can be harnessed to manipulate complex protein networks, informing future investigations into roles of these networks in cellular processes.
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The G3BP1-UPF1-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA CALA Regulates RNA Turnover in the Cytoplasm. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040049. [PMID: 35893232 PMCID: PMC9326601 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides transcription, RNA decay accounts for a large proportion of regulated gene expression and is paramount for cellular functions. Classical RNA surveillance pathways, like nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), are also implicated in the turnover of non-mutant transcripts. Whereas numerous protein factors have been assigned to distinct RNA decay pathways, the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to RNA turnover remains unknown. Here we identify the lncRNA CALA as a potent regulator of RNA turnover in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that CALA forms cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes with G3BP1 and regulates endothelial cell functions. A detailed characterization of these G3BP1-positive complexes by mass spectrometry identifies UPF1 and numerous other NMD factors having cytoplasmic G3BP1-association that is CALA-dependent. Importantly, CALA silencing impairs degradation of NMD target transcripts, establishing CALA as a non-coding regulator of RNA steady-state levels in the endothelium.
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11
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Yun D, Zhou L, Shi J, Li X, Wu X, Sun F. G3BP2, a stress granule assembly factor, is dispensable for spermatogenesis in mice. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13532. [PMID: 35782098 PMCID: PMC9248785 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spermatogenesis is a complex process that includes mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During spermatogenesis, genetic factors play a vital role inthe formation of properly functioning sperm. GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 2 (G3BP2) is known to take part in immune responses, mRNA transport, and stress-granule assembly. However, its role in male fertility is unclear. Here, we generated a G3bp2 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model to explore the function of G3BP2 in male fertility. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting (WB) were used to confirm testis-specific G3bp2 knockout. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe testicular morphology and epididymal structure. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) to detect sperm concentration and motility. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptotic cells. Results We found that cKO male mice are fertile with the normal morphology of the testis and sperm. Additionally, CASA of the semen from cKO mice showed that they all had a similar sperm concentration and motility. In addition, sperm from these mice exhibited a similar morphology. But the tunnel assay revealed increased apoptosis in their testes relative to the level in the wild type (WT). Conclusion Together, our data demonstrate that G3BP2 is dispensable for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice albeit with the increased germ-cell apoptosis.
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12
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Ge Y, Jin J, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The roles of G3BP1 in human diseases (review). Gene X 2022; 821:146294. [PMID: 35176431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multifunctional binding protein involved in a variety of biological functions, including cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, differentiation and RNA metabolism. It has been revealed that G3BP1, as an antiviral factor, can interact with viral proteins and regulate the assembly of stress granules (SGs), which can inhibit viral replication. Furthermore, several viruses have the ability to hijack G3BP1 as a cofactor, recruiting translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. However, many functions of G3BP1 are associated with other diseases. In various cancers, G3BP1 is a cancer-promoting factor, which can promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Moreover, compared with normal tissues, G3BP1 expression is higher in tumor tissues, indicating that it can be used as an indicator for cancer diagnosis. In this review, the structure of G3BP1 and the regulation of G3BP1 in multiple dimensions are described. In addition, the effects and potential mechanisms of G3BP1 on various carcinomas, viral infections, nervous system diseases and cardiovascular diseases are elucidated, which may provide a direction for clinical applications of G3BP1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ge
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiabei Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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G3bp1 - microRNA-1 axis regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110245. [PMID: 35017014 PMCID: PMC8802629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of gene expression is one of the most fundamental response of cardiomyocytes to hypertrophic stimuli. G3bp1, an RNA binding protein with site-specific endoribonuclease activity regulates the processing of pre-miR-1 stem-loop, and thus levels of cardiomyocyte -enriched mature miR-1. Here, we examine the role of G3bp1 in regulating gene expression in quiescent cardiomyocytes and those undergoing growth-factor induced hypertrophy. Further, we determine if these changes are facilitated through G3bp1-mediated regulation of miR-1 in these cardiomyocytes. Using isolated cardiomyocytes with knockdown of endogenous G3bp1, we performed high throughput RNA sequencing to determine the change in cardiac transcriptome. Then, using gain and loss of function approach for both, G3bp1 and miR-1, alone or in combination we examine the G3bp1-miR-1 signaling in regulating gene expression and Endothelin (ET-1) -induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We show that knockdown of endogenous G3bp1 results in inhibition of genes involved in calcium handling, cardiac muscle contraction, action potential and sarcomeric structure. In addition, there is inhibition of genes that contribute to hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy development. Conversely, an increase is seen in genes that negatively regulate the Hippo signaling, like Rassf1 and Arrdc3, along with inflammatory genes of TGF-β and TNF pathways. Knockdown of G3bp1 restricts ET-1 induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Interestingly, concurrent silencing of G3bp1 and miR-1 rescues the change in gene expression and inhibition of hypertrophy seen with knockdown of G3bp1 alone. Similarly, expression of exogenous G3bp1 reverses the miR-1 induced inhibition of gene expression. Intriguingly, expression of Gfp tagged G3bp1 results in perinuclear accumulations of G3bp1-Gfp, resembling Stress Granules. Based on our results, we conclude that G3bp1 through its regulation of mature miR-1 levels plays a critical role in regulating the expression of essential cardiac-enriched genes and those involved in development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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G3BP2 regulated by the lncRNA LINC01554 facilitates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through stabilizing HDGF transcript. Oncogene 2021; 41:515-526. [PMID: 34782720 PMCID: PMC8782723 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the involvement of G3BP2 in several human cancers, how G3BP2 interacts with long noncoding RNAs and regulates mRNA transcripts in mediating ESCC metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we uncovered that G3BP2 was upregulated in ESCC. Further analysis revealed that upregulation of G3BP2 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion and unfavorable outcomes in ESCC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo functional assays demonstrated that G3BP2 dramatically enhanced ESCC cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC01554 maintained the high G3BP2 expression in ESCC by protecting G3BP2 from degradation through ubiquitination and the interaction domains within LINC01554 and G3BP2 were identified. In addition, RNA-seq revealed that HDGF was regulated by G3BP2. G3BP2 bound to HDGF mRNA transcript to stabilize its expression. Ectopic expression of HDGF effectively abolished the G3BP2 depletion-mediated inhibitory effect on tumor cell migration. Intriguingly, introduction of compound C108 which can inhibit G3BP2 remarkedly suppressed ESCC cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study describes a newly discovered regulatory axis, LINC01554/G3BP2/HDGF, that facilitates ESCC metastasis and will provide novel therapeutic strategies for ESCC.
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15
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Kang W, Wang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Zheng H, Li D. Research Progress on the Structure and Function of G3BP. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718548. [PMID: 34526993 PMCID: PMC8435845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein (G3BP) is an RNA binding protein. G3BP is a key component of stress granules (SGs) and can interact with many host proteins to regulate the expression of SGs. As an antiviral factor, G3BP can interact with viral proteins to regulate the assembly of SGs and thus exert antiviral effects. However, many viruses can also use G3BP as a proximal factor and recruit translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. G3BP regulates mRNA translation and attenuation to regulate gene expression; therefore, it is closely related to diseases, such as cancer, embryonic death, arteriosclerosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses the important discoveries and developments related G3BP in the biological field over the past 20 years, which includes the formation of SGs, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Induces Caspase-8-Mediated G3BP1 Cleavage and Subverts Stress Granules To Promote Viral Replication. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02344-20. [PMID: 33568512 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02344-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an α-coronavirus causing severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in suckling piglets and posing significant economic impact. PEDV replication is completed and results in a large amount of RNA in the cytoplasm. Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytosolic RNA granules formed under various stress conditions, including viral infections. Several previous studies suggested that SGs were involved in the antiviral activity of host cells to limit viral propagation. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms regulating the SG response to PEDV infection. SG formation is induced early during PEDV infection, but as infection proceeds, this ability is lost and SGs disappear at late stages of infection (>18 h postinfection). PEDV infection resulted in the cleavage of Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) mediated by caspase-8. Using mutational analysis, the PEDV-induced cleavage site within G3BP1 was identified, which differed from the 3C protease cleavage site previously identified. Furthermore, G3BP1 cleavage by caspase-8 at D168 and D169 was confirmed in vitro as well as in vivo The overexpression of cleavage-resistant G3BP1 conferred persistent SG formation and suppression of viral replication. Additionally, the knockdown of endogenous G3BP1 abolished SG formation and potentiated viral replication. Taken together, these data provide new insights into novel strategies in which PEDV limits the host stress response and antiviral responses and indicate that caspase-8-mediated G3BP1 cleavage is important in the failure of host defense against PEDV infection.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses (CoVs) are drawing extensive attention again since the outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019. CoVs are prone to variation and own the transmission capability by crossing the species barrier resulting in reemergence. How CoVs manipulate the antiviral responses of their hosts needs to be explored. Overall, the study provides new insight into how porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) impaired SG assembly by targeting G3BP1 via the host proteinase caspase-8. These findings enhanced the understanding of PEDV infection and might help identify new antiviral targets that could inhibit viral replication and limit the pathogenesis of PEDV.
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17
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Wang C, Cui Q, Du R, Liu S, Tian S, Huang H, Jiang Y, Chen R, Niu Y, Yue D, Wang Y. Expression of G3BP1 in benign and malignant human prostate tissues. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1665-1675. [PMID: 33968655 PMCID: PMC8100838 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the world’s leading type of cancer in men. GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is overexpressed in a variety of tumors. However, there are limited studies in PCa concerning G3BP1. This present study was to investigates the expression of G3BP1 and the mechanism of action on PCa. Methods We explored the G3BP1 expression in PCa using the TCGA database and verified it using clinical samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. G3BP1 and Androgen receptor (AR) status of 104 human PCa and 50 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples were analyzed by IHC and the association between G3BP1 expression and biochemical recurrence was determined. Moreover, we generated G3BP1 knockdown cell lines in human PCa LNCaP cell lines, to observe AR changes. Results G3BP1 and AR were overexpressed in PCa compared to BPH tissues. The expression of G3BP1 and AR was positively correlated with the malignant degree of the tumor. Higher G3BP1 expression showed a trend toward biochemical recurrence. Western blot showed downregulation of G3BP1 affected AR expression levels. Conclusions Our study suggested that G3BP1 was frequently upregulated in PCa and closely related to AR expression and tumor metastasis. Besides, G3BP1 might be associated with biochemical recurrence. These results supply potential target for the management of the PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiqi Cui
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Runxuan Du
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoping Tian
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yihua Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology and School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Prentzell MT, Rehbein U, Cadena Sandoval M, De Meulemeester AS, Baumeister R, Brohée L, Berdel B, Bockwoldt M, Carroll B, Chowdhury SR, von Deimling A, Demetriades C, Figlia G, de Araujo MEG, Heberle AM, Heiland I, Holzwarth B, Huber LA, Jaworski J, Kedra M, Kern K, Kopach A, Korolchuk VI, van 't Land-Kuper I, Macias M, Nellist M, Palm W, Pusch S, Ramos Pittol JM, Reil M, Reintjes A, Reuter F, Sampson JR, Scheldeman C, Siekierska A, Stefan E, Teleman AA, Thomas LE, Torres-Quesada O, Trump S, West HD, de Witte P, Woltering S, Yordanov TE, Zmorzynska J, Opitz CA, Thedieck K. G3BPs tether the TSC complex to lysosomes and suppress mTORC1 signaling. Cell 2021; 184:655-674.e27. [PMID: 33497611 PMCID: PMC7868890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding proteins 1 and 2 (G3BP1 and G3BP2, respectively) are widely recognized as core components of stress granules (SGs). We report that G3BPs reside at the cytoplasmic surface of lysosomes. They act in a non-redundant manner to anchor the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein complex to lysosomes and suppress activation of the metabolic master regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by amino acids and insulin. Like the TSC complex, G3BP1 deficiency elicits phenotypes related to mTORC1 hyperactivity. In the context of tumors, low G3BP1 levels enhance mTORC1-driven breast cancer cell motility and correlate with adverse outcomes in patients. Furthermore, G3bp1 inhibition in zebrafish disturbs neuronal development and function, leading to white matter heterotopia and neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, G3BPs are not only core components of SGs but also a key element of lysosomal TSC-mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ann-Sofie De Meulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS & ZBMZ Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Laura Brohée
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Bianca Berdel
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Suvagata Roy Chowdhury
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Alexander M Heberle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Birgit Holzwarth
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kedra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Katharina Kern
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrii Kopach
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ineke van 't Land-Kuper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Matylda Macias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Mark Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jose Miguel Ramos Pittol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michèle Reil
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anja Reintjes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Friederike Reuter
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Chloë Scheldeman
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium; Neurogenetics Research Group, VUB, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura E Thomas
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hannah D West
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Woltering
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justyna Zmorzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wu Q, Fan J, Zhan Q. BAALC-AS1/G3BP2/c-Myc feedback loop promotes cell proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:240-257. [PMID: 33476486 PMCID: PMC7968881 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be involved in the development of many cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA BAALC antisense RNA 1 (BAALC‐AS1) in regulating the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The expression of BAALC‐AS1 in cancer patients was analyzed using a tissue microarray. The protein and RNA levels of BAALC‐AS1 were determined by Western blotting analysis and quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐qPCR), respectively. The cell proliferation was determined by cell viability assays, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and flow cytometry. The relationships among BAALC‐AS1, RasGAPSH3 domain‐binding protein 2 (G3BP2), and c‐Myc were determined using RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down assays, and luciferase assays. Results The expression of BAALC‐AS1 was highly up‐regulated and associated with malignant phenotypes in ESCC tissues and cell lines. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that BAALC‐AS1 promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. BAALC‐AS1 directly interacted with G3BP2, and thereby inhibited the degradation of c‐Myc RNA 3'‐UTR by G3BP2, thus leading to the accumulation of c‐Myc expression. Additionally, c‐Myc acted as a transcription factor that can induce the expression of BAALC‐AS1 by directly binding to its promoter region. Conclusions BAALC‐AS1/G3BP2/c‐Myc feedback loop plays a critical role in the development of ESCC, which might provide a novel therapeutic target and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Qingnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, P. R. China
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20
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Nosella ML, Forman-Kay JD. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of messenger RNA transcription, processing and translation within biomolecular condensates. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 69:30-40. [PMID: 33450720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription, processing and translation occurs in the context of biomolecular condensates. How the physical properties of condensates connect with their biological regulatory functions is an ongoing area of interest, particularly for RNA metabolic pathways. Phosphorylation has emerged as an important mechanism for regulating protein phase separation propensities and localization patterns into different condensates, affecting compositions and dynamics. Key factors in transcription, mRNA processing and translation exhibit such phosphorylation-dependent changes in their roles within condensates, including their catalytic activities. Phosphorylation is increasingly understood to regulate the exchange of proteins through functionally linked condensates to fulfil their mRNA metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Nosella
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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21
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Liau WS, Samaddar S, Banerjee S, Bredy TW. On the functional relevance of spatiotemporally-specific patterns of experience-dependent long noncoding RNA expression in the brain. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1025-1036. [PMID: 33397182 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1868165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of transcriptionally active RNA derived from the mammalian genome does not code for protein. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is the most abundant form of noncoding RNA found in the brain and is involved in many aspects of cellular metabolism. Beyond their fundamental role in the nucleus as decoys for RNA-binding proteins associated with alternative splicing or as guides for the epigenetic regulation of protein-coding gene expression, recent findings indicate that activity-induced lncRNAs also regulate neural plasticity. In this review, we discuss how lncRNAs may exert molecular control over brain function beyond their known roles in the nucleus. We propose that subcellular localization is a critical feature of experience-dependent lncRNA activity in the brain, and that lncRNA-mediated control over RNA metabolism at the synapse serves to regulate local mRNA stability and translation, thereby influencing neuronal function, learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Siang Liau
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Timothy W Bredy
- Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Yang P, Mathieu C, Kolaitis RM, Zhang P, Messing J, Yurtsever U, Yang Z, Wu J, Li Y, Pan Q, Yu J, Martin EW, Mittag T, Kim HJ, Taylor JP. G3BP1 Is a Tunable Switch that Triggers Phase Separation to Assemble Stress Granules. Cell 2020; 181:325-345.e28. [PMID: 32302571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granule assembly, including the basis for establishing and maintaining RNP granules with distinct composition, are unknown. One prominent type of RNP granule is the stress granule (SG), a dynamic and reversible cytoplasmic assembly formed in eukaryotic cells in response to stress. Here, we show that SGs assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) arising from interactions distributed unevenly across a core protein-RNA interaction network. The central node of this network is G3BP1, which functions as a molecular switch that triggers RNA-dependent LLPS in response to a rise in intracellular free RNA concentrations. Moreover, we show that interplay between three distinct intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in G3BP1 regulates its intrinsic propensity for LLPS, and this is fine-tuned by phosphorylation within the IDRs. Further regulation of SG assembly arises through positive or negative cooperativity by extrinsic G3BP1-binding factors that strengthen or weaken, respectively, the core SG network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguo Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cécile Mathieu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Regina-Maria Kolaitis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - James Messing
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ugur Yurtsever
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Graduate School of Structure and Dynamics of Living Systems, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Zemin Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Qingfei Pan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Erik W Martin
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tanja Mittag
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Wang F, Li J, Fan S, Jin Z, Huang C. Targeting stress granules: A novel therapeutic strategy for human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105143. [PMID: 32814168 PMCID: PMC7428673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are assemblies of mRNA and proteins that form from mRNAs stalled in translation initiation in response to stress. Chronic stress might even induce formation of cytotoxic pathological SGs. SGs participate in various biological functions including response to apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation, and signalling pathways; moreover, SGs are involved in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, viral infection, aging, cancers and many other diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that small molecules can affect SG dynamics, including assembly, disassembly, maintenance and clearance. Thus, targeting SGs is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human diseases and the promotion of health. The established methods for detecting SGs provided ready tools for large-scale screening of agents that alter the dynamics of SGs. Here, we describe the effects of small molecules on SG assembly, disassembly, and their roles in the disease. Moreover, we provide perspective for the possible application of small molecules targeting SGs in the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Role of Chikungunya nsP3 in Regulating G3BP1 Activity, Stress Granule Formation and Drug Efficacy. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:48-57. [PMID: 33131924 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ras-GTPase activating protein SH3-domain-binding proteins (G3BP) are a small family of RNA-binding proteins implicated in regulating gene expression. Changes in expression of G3BPs are correlated to several cancers including thyroid, colon, pancreatic and breast cancer. G3BPs are important regulators of stress granule (SG) formation and function. SG are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that respond to cellular stresses to triage mRNA resulting in transcripts being selectively degraded, stored or translated resulting in a change of gene expression which confers a survival response to the cell. These changes in gene expression contribute to the development of drug resistance. Many RNA viruses, including Chikungunya (and potentially Coronavirus), dismantle SG so that the cell cannot respond to the viral infection. Non-structural protein 3 (nsP3), from the Chikungunya virus, has been shown to translocate G3BP away from SG. Interestingly in cancer cells, the formation of SG is correlated to drug-resistance and blocking SG formation has been shown to reestablish the efficacy of the anticancer drug bortezomib. METHODS Chikungunya nsP3 was transfected into breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF7 to disrupt SG formation. Changes in the cytotoxicity of bortezomib were measured. RESULTS Bortezomib cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines changed with a 22 fold decrease in its IC50 for T47D and a 7 fold decrease for MCF7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Chikungunya nsP3 disrupts SG formation. As a result, it increases the cytotoxicity of the FDA approved drug, bortezomib. In addition, the increased cytotoxicity appears to correlate to improved bortezomib selectivity when compared to control cell lines.
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G3BP1 controls the senescence-associated secretome and its impact on cancer progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4979. [PMID: 33020468 PMCID: PMC7536198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a known driver of carcinogenesis and age-related diseases, yet senescence is required for various physiological processes. However, the mechanisms and factors that control the negative effects of senescence while retaining its benefits are still elusive. Here, we show that the rasGAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is required for the activation of the senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). During senescence, G3BP1 achieves this effect by promoting the association of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) with cytosolic chromatin fragments. In turn, G3BP1, through cGAS, activates the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, promoting SASP expression and secretion. G3BP1 depletion or pharmacological inhibition impairs the cGAS-pathway preventing the expression of SASP factors without affecting cell commitment to senescence. These SASPless senescent cells impair senescence-mediated growth of cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Our data reveal that G3BP1 is required for SASP expression and that SASP secretion is a primary mediator of senescence-associated tumor growth. The mechanisms that control the deleterious behaviour of senescent cells is unclear. Here, the authors show that G3BP1 is required for the induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), without affecting senescence, and that SASP secretion is a primary mediator of senescence-associated tumour growth.
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26
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Li Y, Wang J, Zhong S, Li J, Du W. Overexpression of G3BP1 facilitates the progression of colon cancer by activating β‑catenin signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4403-4411. [PMID: 33000280 PMCID: PMC7533501 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) has been reported to be of importance in the occurrence and development of colon cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in G3BP1-mediated colon cancer progression. The expression of G3BP1 in colon tissues and cells was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Gain-of-function assays were performed in colon cancer RKO cells, which have a relatively low expression of G3BP1, while loss-of-function assays were performed in SW620 colon cancer cells, which have a relatively high expression of G3BP1. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and tumor-bearing mice assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that G3BP1 expression was significantly upregulated in colon cancer tissues and cells compared with healthy colon tissues and cells. It was found that high expression of G3BP1 was closely associated with the poor prognosis and advanced clinical process in patients with colon cancer. Overexpression of G3BP1 in RKO cells enhanced their proliferative ability and decreased their apoptosis tendency, while knockdown of G3BP1 inhibited SW620 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In addition, G3BP1 interacted with β-catenin and upregulated its expression and nuclear accumulation. It was identified that β-catenin knockdown abolished the effects of G3BP1 on the enhancement of cell proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo, as well as the inhibition of cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that G3BP1 promoted the progression of colon cancer by activating β-catenin signaling, which provided novel evidence for the role of G3BP1 in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Sen Zhong
- Infectious Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Du
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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27
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Zhao D, Li J, Wang Y, Li X, Gao L, Cao H, Zheng SJ. Critical role for G3BP1 in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-induced stress granule formation and viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108806. [PMID: 32827928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs), complexes for mRNA storage, are formed in host cellular response to stress stimuli and play an important role in innate immune response. GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a key component of SGs. However, whether IBDV infection induces SG formation in host cells and what role of G3BP1 plays in this process are unclear. We report here that IBDV infection initiated typical stress granule formation and enhanced G3BP1 expression in DF-1 cells. Our data show that knockdown of G3BP1 by RNAi markedly inhibited IBDV-induced SG formation and viral replication in DF-1 cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of G3BP1 enhanced IBDV-induced SG formation and significantly promoted IBDV replication in host cells. Thus, G3BP1 plays a critical role in IBDV-induced SG formation and viral replication, providing an important clue to elucidating how IBDV employs cellular SGs for its own benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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28
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Monette A, Niu M, Chen L, Rao S, Gorelick RJ, Mouland AJ. Pan-retroviral Nucleocapsid-Mediated Phase Separation Regulates Genomic RNA Positioning and Trafficking. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107520. [PMID: 32320662 PMCID: PMC8965748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The duality of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of cellular components into membraneless organelles defines the nucleation of both normal and disease processes including stress granule (SG) assembly. From mounting evidence of LLPS utility by viruses, we discover that HIV-1 nucleocapsid (NC) protein condenses into zinc-finger (ZnF)-dependent LLPSs that are dynamically influenced by cytosolic factors. ZnF-dependent and Zinc (Zn2+)-chelation-sensitive NC-LLPS are formed in live cells. NC-Zn2+ ejection reverses the HIV-1 blockade on SG assembly, inhibits NC-SG assembly, disrupts NC/Gag-genomic RNA (vRNA) ribonucleoprotein complexes, and causes nuclear sequestration of NC and the vRNA, inhibiting Gag expression and virus release. NC ZnF mutagenesis eliminates the HIV-1 blockade of SG assembly and repositions vRNA to SGs. We find that NC-mediated, Zn2+-coordinated phase separation is conserved among diverse retrovirus subfamilies, illustrating that this exquisitely evolved Zn2+-dependent feature of virus replication represents a critical target for pan-antiretroviral therapies. Monette et al. discover a high degree of conservation of zinc-finger embedded, intrinsically disordered prion-like domains across retrovirus Gag proteins. These domains within the Gag Nucleocapsid regulate the formation of zinc-dependent liquid-liquid phase condensates and stress granules in HIV-1-expressing cells to induce repositioning of the viral genomic RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monette
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Meijuan Niu
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lois Chen
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Shringar Rao
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert James Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Andrew John Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada.
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29
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Cataloguing and Selection of mRNAs Localized to Dendrites in Neurons and Regulated by RNA-Binding Proteins in RNA Granules. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020167. [PMID: 31978946 PMCID: PMC7072219 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal translational regulation plays a key role in determining cell fate and function. Specifically, in neurons, local translation in dendrites is essential for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. To achieve local translation, RNA-binding proteins in RNA granules regulate target mRNA stability, localization, and translation. To date, mRNAs localized to dendrites have been identified by comprehensive analyses. In addition, mRNAs associated with and regulated by RNA-binding proteins have been identified using various methods in many studies. However, the results obtained from these numerous studies have not been compiled together. In this review, we have catalogued mRNAs that are localized to dendrites and are associated with and regulated by the RNA-binding proteins fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), RNA granule protein 105 (RNG105, also known as Caprin1), Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein (G3BP), cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1), and staufen double-stranded RNA binding proteins 1 and 2 (Stau1 and Stau2) in RNA granules. This review provides comprehensive information on dendritic mRNAs, the neuronal functions of mRNA-encoded proteins, the association of dendritic mRNAs with RNA-binding proteins in RNA granules, and the effects of RNA-binding proteins on mRNA regulation. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis of protein-synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory formation and contribute to future efforts to understand the physiological implications of local regulation of dendritic mRNAs in neurons.
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30
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Hu S, Sun H, Yin L, Li J, Mei S, Xu F, Wu C, Liu X, Zhao F, Zhang D, Huang Y, Ren L, Cen S, Wang J, Liang C, Guo F. PKR-dependent cytosolic cGAS foci are necessary for intracellular DNA sensing. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/609/eaav7934. [PMID: 31772125 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a major sensor of cytosolic DNA from invading pathogens and damaged cellular organelles. Activation of cGAS promotes liquid-like phase separation and formation of membraneless cytoplasmic structures. Here, we found that cGAS bound G3BP1, a double-stranded nucleic acid helicase involved in the formation of stress granules. Loss of G3BP1 blocked subcellular cGAS condensation and suppressed the interferon response to intracellular DNA and DNA virus particles in cells. Furthermore, an RNA-dependent association with PKR promoted G3BP1 foci formation and cGAS-dependent interferon responses. Together, these results indicate that PKR promotes the formation of G3BP1-dependent, membraneless cytoplasmic structures necessary for the DNA-sensing function of cGAS in human cells. These data suggest that there is a previously unappreciated link between nucleic acid sensing pathways, which requires the formation of specialized subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Shan Mei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Fengwen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Liang
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Fei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P. R. China.
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31
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Gao X, Jiang L, Gong Y, Chen X, Ying M, Zhu H, He Q, Yang B, Cao J. Stress granule: A promising target for cancer treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4421-4433. [PMID: 31301065 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are primarily composed of mRNAs that stall at translation initiation and usually appear in the cytoplasm under unusual physiological or pathological conditions such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and viral infection. Recent studies have indicated that several components of SGs participate in tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis through tumour-associated signalling pathways as well as other mechanisms. Furthermore, some chemotherapy drugs have been reported to induce SGs. Thus, the roles of SGs in cancer treatment have attracted considerable interest. Importantly, disturbing the recruitment of SGs components or microtubule polymerization, as well as other strategies that can abolish SGs formation, is reported to inhibit tumour progression, suggesting that targeting SGs could be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the relationship between SGs and cancer, as well as recent advances in targeting SGs, in the interest of providing new opportunities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Gao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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The Acetylation of Lysine-376 of G3BP1 Regulates RNA Binding and Stress Granule Dynamics. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00052-19. [PMID: 31481451 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00052-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are ribonucleoprotein aggregates that form in response to stress conditions. The regulation of SG dynamics is not fully understood. Permanent pathological SG-like structures were reported in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein G3BP1 is a central regulator of SG dynamics. We found that the lysine 376 residue (K376) of G3BP1, which is in the RRM RNA binding domain, was acetylated. Consequently, G3BP1 RNA binding was impaired by K376 acetylation. In addition, the acetylation-mimicking mutation K376Q impaired the RNA-dependent interaction of G3BP1 with poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1), but its RNA-independent interactions with caprin-1 and USP10 were little affected. The formation of G3BP1 SGs depended on G3BP1 RNA binding; thus, replacement of endogenous G3BP1 with the K376Q mutant or the RNA binding-deficient F380L/F382L mutant interfered with SG formation. Significant G3BP1 K376 acetylation was detected during SG resolution, and K376-acetylated G3BP1 was seen outside SGs. G3BP1 acetylation is regulated by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and CBP/p300. Our data suggest that the acetylation of G3BP1 facilitates the disassembly of SGs, offering a potential avenue to mitigate hyperactive stress responses under pathological conditions.
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Mironova N, Vlassov V. Surveillance of Tumour Development: The Relationship Between Tumour-Associated RNAs and Ribonucleases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31572192 PMCID: PMC6753386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression is accompanied by rapid cell proliferation, loss of differentiation, the reprogramming of energy metabolism, loss of adhesion, escape of immune surveillance, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. Both coding and regulatory RNAs expressed by tumour cells and circulating in the blood are involved in all stages of tumour progression. Among the important tumour-associated RNAs are intracellular coding RNAs that determine the routes of metabolic pathways, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and pathways responsible for transformation, and intracellular and extracellular non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of the expression of their proto-oncogenic and oncosuppressing mRNAs. Considering the diversity/variability of biological functions of RNAs, it becomes evident that extracellular RNAs represent important regulators of cell-to-cell communication and intracellular cascades that maintain cell proliferation and differentiation. In connection with the elucidation of such an important role for RNA, a surge in interest in RNA-degrading enzymes has increased. Natural ribonucleases (RNases) participate in various cellular processes including miRNA biogenesis, RNA decay and degradation that has determined their principal role in the sustention of RNA homeostasis in cells. Findings were obtained on the contribution of some endogenous ribonucleases in the maintenance of normal cell RNA homeostasis, which thus prevents cell transformation. These findings directed attention to exogenous ribonucleases as tools to compensate for the malfunction of endogenous ones. Recently a number of proteins with ribonuclease activity were discovered whose intracellular function remains unknown. Thus, the comprehensive investigation of physiological roles of RNases is still required. In this review we focused on the control mechanisms of cell transformation by endogenous ribonucleases, and the possibility of replacing malfunctioning enzymes with exogenous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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34
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G3BP1 and G3BP2 regulate translation of interferon-stimulated genes: IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 in the cancer cell line MCF7. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 459:189-204. [PMID: 31172368 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G3BPs are members of an RNA-binding protein family and their aberrant expression is common in various cancers and there is growing evidence that G3BPs possess antiviral activities and are targeted by various viruses. G3BPs have also been implicated in both stabilization and degradation of specific mRNAs as well as translational control of mRNA targets. G3BPs have been shown to control translation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), implying that G3BPs are involved in the regulation of the interferon system in response to viral infections and/or cellular stress. The interferon induced transmembrane (IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3) proteins are antiviral proteins, and are also involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Therefore, these genes were selected in the studies reported here as potential transcript targets of G3BPs. Furthermore, G3BPs are involved in the regulation of the MEK pathway which also impacts on the translation of ISGs. Therefore, the role of this pathway was also analysed in regulation of IFITM1-3 proteins. Overall, this research study suggests that G3BPs are essential for the accumulation of IFITM1-3 proteins and intersect twice in the regulation of IFITM1-3 expression, first through MEK pathway and then through an interaction with the 3'-UTRs of its target transcripts. However, it is still to be determined whether the two apparent functions are part of a single control mechanism or the two functions are mutually exclusive.
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Kim SSY, Sze L, Liu C, Lam KP. The stress granule protein G3BP1 binds viral dsRNA and RIG-I to enhance interferon-β response. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6430-6438. [PMID: 30804210 PMCID: PMC6484135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I senses viral RNA in the cytosol and initiates host innate immune response by triggering the production of type 1 interferon. A recent RNAi knockdown screen yielded close to hundred host genes whose products affected viral RNA-induced IFN-β production and highlighted the complexity of the antiviral response. The stress granule protein G3BP1, known to arrest mRNA translation, was identified as a regulator of RIG-I-induced IFN-β production. How G3BP1 functions in RIG-I signaling is not known, however. Here, we overexpress G3BP1 with RIG-I in HEK293T cells and found that G3BP1 significantly enhances RIG-I-induced ifn-b mRNA synthesis. More importantly, we demonstrate that G3BP1 binds RIG-I and that this interaction involves the C-terminal RGG domain of G3BP1. Confocal microscopy studies also show G3BP1 co-localization with RIG-I and with infecting vesicular stomatitis virus in Cos-7 cells. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation studies using biotin-labeled viral dsRNA or poly(I·C) and cell lysate-derived or in vitro translated G3BP1 indicated that G3BP1 could directly bind these substrates and again via its RGG domain. Computational modeling further revealed a juxtaposed interaction between G3BP1 RGG and RIG-I RNA-binding domains. Together, our data reveal G3BP1 as a critical component of RIG-I signaling and possibly acting as a co-sensor to promote RIG-I recognition of pathogenic RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Soo-Yeon Kim
- From the Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore,
| | - Lynette Sze
- From the Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - ChengCheng Liu
- From the Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore,
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- From the Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore,
- the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, and
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Zhang LN, Zhao L, Yan XL, Huang YH. Loss of G3BP1 suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20469-20484. [PMID: 30989663 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is very crucial to regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. Recently, many research works have suggested that G3BP1 is overexpressed in many human cancers including esophageal cancer. Nevertheless, the functional roles of G3BP1 in esophageal cancer are still unknown. Here, the results suggested that silencing of G3BP1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells, whereas overexpression of G3BP1 led to opposite effects on the growth and metastasis. Surprisingly, G3BP1-depletion had no effect on cell death but caused the arrest of cell cycle in the G0 /G1 phase and increased the levels of p53 and p21. In addition, loss of G3BP1 led to a significant elevation of E-cadherin and decrease of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, MMP-9, and MMP-2. Mechanistically, loss of G3BP1 dramatically suppressed Wnt-stimulated T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor activity and downregulated its target genes including c-Myc, Axin2, and cyclin D1. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 downregulated the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-GSK-3β, but the total PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3β were not changed. Furthermore, our data proved that the promoting effects of G3BP1-overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion could be rescued by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment. Collectively, our results here elucidate that G3BP1-depletion suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of esophageal cancer cells via the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, our findings imply that G3BP1 can participate in the regulation of esophageal cancer progression, and will be taken as a promising target to treat esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Long Yan
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Huang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Cao Y, Banks DA, Mattei AM, Riddick AT, Reed KM, Zhang AM, Pickering ES, Hinton SD. Pseudophosphatase MK-STYX Alters Histone Deacetylase 6 Cytoplasmic Localization, Decreases Its Phosphorylation, and Increases Detyrosination of Tubulin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061455. [PMID: 30909412 PMCID: PMC6470616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytically inactive mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase, MK-STYX (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein) interacts with the stress granule nucleator G3BP-1 (Ras-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-binding protein-1), and decreases stress granule (stalled mRNA) formation. Histone deacetylase isoform 6 (HDAC6) also binds G3BP-1 and serves as a major component of stress granules. The discovery that MK-STYX and HDAC6 both interact with G3BP-1 led us to investigate the effects of MK-STYX on HDAC6 dynamics. In control HEK/293 cells, HDAC6 was cytosolic, as expected, and formed aggregates under conditions of stress. In contrast, in cells overexpressing MK-STYX, HDAC6 was both nuclear and cytosolic and the number of stress-induced aggregates significantly decreased. Immunoblots showed that MK-STYX decreases HDAC6 serine phosphorylation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and lysine acetylation. HDAC6 is known to regulate microtubule dynamics to form aggregates. MK-STYX did not affect the organization of microtubules, but did affect their post-translational modification. Tubulin acetylation was increased in the presence of MK-STYX. In addition, the detyrosination of tubulin was significantly increased in the presence of MK-STYX. These findings show that MK-STYX decreases the number of HDAC6-containing aggregates and alters their localization, sustains microtubule acetylation, and increases detyrosination of microtubules, implicating MK-STYX as a signaling molecule in HDAC6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Cao
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Dallas A Banks
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Andrew M Mattei
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Alexys T Riddick
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Kirstin M Reed
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Ashley M Zhang
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Emily S Pickering
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
| | - Shantá D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
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38
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Rotavirus Induces Formation of Remodeled Stress Granules and P Bodies and Their Sequestration in Viroplasms To Promote Progeny Virus Production. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01363-18. [PMID: 30258011 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01363-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus replicates in unique virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viroplasms (VMs), the composition and structure of which have yet to be understood. Based on the analysis of a few proteins, earlier studies reported that rotavirus infection inhibits stress granule (SG) formation and disrupts P bodies (PBs). However, the recent demonstration that rotavirus infection induces cytoplasmic relocalization and colocalization with VMs of several nuclear hnRNPs and AU-rich element-binding proteins (ARE-BPs), which are known components of SGs and PBs, suggested the possibility of rotavirus-induced remodeling of SGs and PBs, prompting us to analyze a large number of the SG and PB components to understand the status of SGs and PBs in rotavirus-infected cells. Here we demonstrate that rotavirus infection induces molecular triage by selective exclusion of a few proteins of SGs (G3BP1 and ZBP1) and PBs (DDX6, EDC4, and Pan3) and sequestration of the remodeled/atypical cellular organelles, containing the majority of their components, in the VM. The punctate SG and PB structures are seen at about 4 h postinfection (hpi), coinciding with the appearance of small VMs, many of which fuse to form mature large VMs with progression of infection. By use of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown and/or ectopic overexpression, the majority of the SG and PB components, except for ADAR1, were observed to inhibit viral protein expression and virus growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that VMs are highly complex supramolecular structures and that rotavirus employs a novel strategy of sequestration in the VM and harnessing of the remodeled cellular RNA recycling bins to promote its growth.IMPORTANCE Rotavirus is known to replicate in specialized virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viroplasms (VMs), but the composition and structure of VMs are not yet understood. Here we demonstrate that rotavirus interferes with normal SG and PB assembly but promotes formation of atypical SG-PB structures by selective exclusion of a few components and employs a novel strategy of sequestration of the remodeled SG-PB granules in the VMs to promote virus growth by modulating their negative influence on virus infection. Rotavirus VMs appear to be complex supramolecular structures formed by the union of the triad of viral replication complexes and remodeled SGs and PBs, as well as other host factors, and designed to promote productive virus infection. These observations have implications for the planning of future research with the aim of understanding the structure of the VM, the mechanism of morphogenesis of the virus, and the detailed roles of host proteins in rotavirus biology.
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Zhang CH, Wang JX, Cai ML, Shao R, Liu H, Zhao WL. The roles and mechanisms of G3BP1 in tumour promotion. J Drug Target 2018; 27:300-305. [PMID: 30207743 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1523415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a SH3 domain-binding protein that is overexpressed in a variety of tumour tissues and cancers, such as head and neck cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer. G3BP1 promotes tumour cell proliferation and metastasis and inhibits apoptosis by regulating the Ras, TGF-β/Smad, Src/FAK and p53 signalling pathways. At present, polypeptides targeting G3BP1 have shown anti-tumour activity and G3BP1 also involved in anti-cancer effects of some polyphenolic compounds (resveratrol and EGCG). Therefore G3BP1 may be a potential target for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Hui Zhang
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Mei-Lian Cai
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hong Liu
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wu-Li Zhao
- a NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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40
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Rasputin a decade on and more promiscuous than ever? A review of G3BPs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:360-370. [PMID: 30595162 PMCID: PMC7114234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding proteins (G3BPs, also known as Rasputin) are a family of RNA binding proteins that regulate gene expression in response to environmental stresses by controlling mRNA stability and translation. G3BPs appear to facilitate this activity through their role in stress granules for which they are considered a core component, however, it should be noted that not all stress granules contain G3BPs and this appears to be contextual depending on the environmental stress and the cell type. Although the role of G3BPs in stress granules appears to be one of its major roles, data also strongly suggests that they interact with mRNAs outside of stress granules to regulate gene expression. G3BPs have been implicated in several diseases including cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis as well as virus survival. There is now a body of evidence that suggests targeting of G3BPs could be explored as a form of cancer therapeutic. This review discusses the important discoveries and advancements made in the field of G3BPs biology over the last two decades including their roles in RNA stability, translational control of cellular transcripts, stress granule formation, cancer progression and its interactions with viruses during infection. An emerging theme for G3BPs is their ability to regulate gene expression in response to environmental stimuli, disease progression and virus infection making it an intriguing target for disease therapies. Triage of many cellular mRNA occurs via stress granules in a G3BP-dependant manner. G3BPs control intra cellular responses to viral infection. Transcript stability, degradation and translation are controlled by G3BPs. G3BPs can control cancer progression.
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41
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Ye X, Pan T, Wang D, Fang L, Ma J, Zhu X, Shi Y, Zhang K, Zheng H, Chen H, Li K, Xiao S. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Counteracts on Internal Ribosome Entry Site Suppression by G3BP1 and Inhibits G3BP1-Mediated Stress Granule Assembly via Post-Translational Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1142. [PMID: 29887867 PMCID: PMC5980976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, severe viral illness notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health. The causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), replicates rapidly and efficiently inhibits host translation and the innate immune response for it has developed multiple tactics to evade host defenses and takes over gene expression machinery in the host cell. Here, we report a systemic analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome of FMDV-infected cells. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that FMDV infection shuts off host cap-dependent translation, but leaves intact internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation for viral proteins. Interestingly, several FMDV IRES-transacting factors, including G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1 (G3BP1), were dephosphorylated during FMDV infection. Ectopic expression of G3BP1 inhibited FMDV IRES activity, promoted assembly of stress granules, and activated innate immune responses, collectively suppressing FMDV replication. To counteract these host protective responses, FMDV-induced dephosphorylation of G3BP1, compromising its inhibitory effect on viral IRES. In addition, FMDV also proteolytically cleaved G3BP1 by its 3C protease (3Cpro). G3BP1 was cleaved at glutamic acid-284 (E284) by FMDV 3Cpro, and this cleavage completely lost the abilities of G3BP1 to activate innate immunity and to inhibit FMDV replication. Together, these data provide new insights into the post-translational mechanisms by which FMDV limits host stress and antiviral responses and indicate that G3BP1 dephosphorylation and its proteolysis by viral protease are important factors in the failure of host defense against FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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42
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Fay MM, Anderson PJ. The Role of RNA in Biological Phase Separations. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4685-4701. [PMID: 29753780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phase transitions that alter the physical state of ribonucleoprotein particles contribute to the spacial and temporal organization of the densely packed intracellular environment. This allows cells to organize biologically coupled processes as well as respond to environmental stimuli. RNA plays a key role in phase separation events that modulate various aspects of RNA metabolism. Here, we review the role that RNA plays in ribonucleoprotein phase separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Fay
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul J Anderson
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Wang Y, Fu D, Chen Y, Su J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhai W, Niu Y, Yue D, Geng H. G3BP1 promotes tumor progression and metastasis through IL-6/G3BP1/STAT3 signaling axis in renal cell carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:501. [PMID: 29717134 PMCID: PMC5931548 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory microenvironment within or surrounding the primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) site promotes oncogenic transformation as well as contributes to the development of metastasis. G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1 (G3BP1) was found to be involved in the regulation of multiple cellular functions. However, its functions in RCC have not been previously explored. Here, we first showed that the expression of G3BP1 is elevated in human RCC and correlates with RCC progression. In cultured RCC cells, knockdown of G3BP1 results in inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, consistently with the alteration of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferative markers, including Cadherins, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. Remarkably, knockdown of G3BP1 dramatically impaired the signaling connection of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 stimulation and downstream STAT3 activation in RCC, thus eventually contributing to the disruption of IL-6-elicited RCC migration and metastasis. In addition, in vivo orthotopic tumor xenografts results confirmed that knockdown of G3BP1 suppressed RCC tumor growth and metastasis in mice. Collectively, our findings support the notion that G3BP1 promotes tumor progression and metastasis through IL-6/G3BP1/STAT3 signaling axis in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Donghe Fu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Research Center of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.,Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.,Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine in Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Hua Geng
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Hong HQ, Lu J, Fang XL, Zhang YH, Cai Y, Yuan J, Liu PQ, Ye JT. G3BP2 is involved in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy through activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:184-194. [PMID: 28816235 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RasGAP SH3 domain-binding proteins (G3BPs) are a family of RNA-binding proteins that can co-ordinate signal transduction and post-transcriptional gene regulation. G3BPs have been shown to be involved in mediating a great diversity of cellular processes such as cell survival, growth, proliferation and apoptosis. But the potential roles of G3BPs in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases remain to be clarified. In the present study, we provide the first evidence that suggests the participation of G3BP2 in cardiac hypertrophy. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), treatment with isoproterenol (ISO, 0.1-100 μmol/L) significantly elevated the mRNA and protein levels of G3BP2. Similar results were observed in the hearts of rats subjected to 7D-injection of ISO, accompanied by obvious heart hypertrophy and elevated the expression of hypertrophy marker genes ANF, BNP and β-MHC in heart tissues. Overexpression of G3BP2 in NRCMs led to hypertrophic responses evidenced by increased cellular surface area and the expression of hypertrophy marker genes, whereas knockdown of G3BP2 significantly attenuated ISO-induced hypertrophy of NRCMs. We further showed that G3BP2 directly interacted with IκBα and promoted the aggregation of the NF-κB subunit p65 in the nucleus and increased NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity. NF-κB inhibition with PDTC (50 μmol/L) or p65 knockdown significantly decreased the hypertrophic responses in NRCMs induced by ISO or G3BP2 overexpression. These results give new insight into the functions of G3BP2 and may help further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy.
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Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) homeostasis is dynamically modulated in response to changing physiological conditions. Tight regulation of RNA abundance through both transcription and degradation determines the amount, timing, and location of protein translation. This balance is of particular importance in neurons, which are among the most metabolically active and morphologically complex cells in the body. As a result, any disruptions in RNA degradation can have dramatic consequences for neuronal health. In this chapter, we will first discuss mechanisms of RNA stabilization and decay. We will then explore how the disruption of these pathways can lead to neurodegenerative disease.
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46
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Kwok HH, Poon PY, Mak KHM, Zhang LY, Liu P, Zhang H, Mak NK, Yue PYK, Wong RNS. Role of G3BP1 in glucocorticoid receptor-mediated microRNA-15b and microRNA-23a biogenesis in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3613-3630. [PMID: 28523344 PMCID: PMC11107666 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in regulating various normal cellular responses. Recent studies revealed that the canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway is subject to sophisticated regulation. Hormonal control of miRNA biogenesis by androgen and estrogen has been demonstrated, but the direct effects of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on miRNA biogenesis are unknown. This study revealed the role of GR in miRNA maturation. We showed that two GR agonists, dexamethasone and ginsenoside-Rg1 rapidly suppressed the expression of mature miR-15b, miR-23a, and miR-214 in human endothelial cells. RNA pulldown coupled with proteomic analysis identified GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1 (G3BP1) as one of the RNA-binding proteins mediating GR-regulated miRNA maturation. Activated GR induced phosphorylation of v-AKT Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homologue (AKT) kinase, which in turn phosphorylated and promoted nuclear translocation of G3BP1. The nuclear G3BP1 bound to the G3BP1 consensus sequence located on primary miR-15b~16-2 and miR-23a~27a~24-2 to inhibit their maturation. The findings from this study have advanced our understanding of the non-genomic effects of GR in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po-Ying Poon
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kylie Hin-Man Mak
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin-Yao Zhang
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Ying-Kit Yue
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Alberti S, Mateju D, Mediani L, Carra S. Granulostasis: Protein Quality Control of RNP Granules. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:84. [PMID: 28396624 PMCID: PMC5367262 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules transport, store, or degrade messenger RNAs, thereby indirectly regulating protein synthesis. Normally, RNP granules are highly dynamic compartments. However, because of aging or severe environmental stress, RNP granules, in particular stress granules (SGs), convert into solid, aggregate-like inclusions. There is increasing evidence that such RNA-protein inclusions are associated with several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, understanding what triggers the conversion of RNP granules into aggregates and identifying the cellular players that control RNP granules will be critical to develop treatments for these diseases. In this review article, we discuss recent insight into RNP and SG formation. More specifically, we examine the evidence for liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as an organizing principle of RNP granules and the role of aggregation-prone RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in this process. We further discuss recent findings that liquid-like SGs can sequester misfolded proteins, which promote an aberrant conversion of liquid SGs into solid aggregates. Importantly, very recent studies show that a specific protein quality control (PQC) process prevents the accumulation of misfolding-prone proteins in SGs and, by doing so, maintains the dynamic state of SGs. This quality control process has been referred to as granulostasis and it relies on the specific action of the HSPB8-BAG3-HSP70 complex. Additional players such as p97/valosin containing protein (VCP) and other molecular chaperones (e.g., HSPB1) participate, directly or indirectly, in granulostasis, and ensure the timely elimination of defective ribosomal products and other misfolded proteins from SGs. Finally, we discuss recent findings that, in the stress recovery phase, SGs are preferentially disassembled with the assistance of chaperones, and we discuss evidence for a back-up system that targets aberrant SGs to the aggresome for autophagy-mediated clearance. Altogether the findings discussed here provide evidence for an intricate network of interactions between RNP granules and various components of the PQC machinery. Molecular chaperones in particular are emerging as key players that control the composition and dynamics of RNP granules, which may be important to protect against age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alberti
- Alberti Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Mateju
- Alberti Lab, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Mediani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
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48
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Beheshtizadeh M, Moslemi E. Analysis of G3BP1 and VEZT Expression in Gastric Cancer and Their Possible Correlation with Tumor Clinicopathological Factors. J Gastric Cancer 2017; 17:43-51. [PMID: 28337362 PMCID: PMC5362833 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2017.17.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze G3BP1 and VEZT expression profiles in patients with gastric cancer, and examine the possible relationship between the expressions of each gene and clinicopathological factors. Materials and Methods Expression of these genes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, collected from 40 patients with gastric cancer and 40 healthy controls, was analyzed. Differences in gene expression among patient and normal samples were identified using the GraphPad Prism 5 software. For the analysis of real-time polymerase chain reaction products, GelQuantNET software was used. Results Our findings demonstrated that both VEZT and G3BP1 mRNA expression levels were downregulated in gastric cancer samples compared with those in the normal controls. No significant relationship was found between the expression of these genes and gender (P-value, 0.4835 vs. 0.6350), but there were significant changes associated with age (P-value, 0.0004 vs. 0.0001) and stage of disease (P-value, 0.0019 vs. 0.0001). In addition, there was a direct relationship between VEZT gene expression and metastasis (P-value, 0.0462), in contrast to G3BP1 that did not demonstrate any significant correlation (P-value, 0.1833). Conclusions The results suggest that expression profiling of VEZT and G3BP1 can be used for diagnosis of gastric cancer, and specifically, VEZT gene could be considered as a biomarker for the detection of gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Moslemi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Casein Kinase 2 Is Linked to Stress Granule Dynamics through Phosphorylation of the Stress Granule Nucleating Protein G3BP1. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00596-16. [PMID: 27920254 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00596-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are large macromolecular aggregates that contain translation initiation complexes and mRNAs. Stress granule formation coincides with translational repression, and stress granules actively signal to mediate cell fate decisions by signaling to the translation apparatus to (i) maintain translational repression, (ii) mount various transcriptional responses, including innate immunity, and (iii) repress apoptosis. Previous work showed that G3BP1 is phosphorylated at serine 149, which regulates G3BP1 oligomerization, stress granule assembly, and RNase activity intrinsic to G3BP1. However, the kinase that phosphorylates G3BP1 was not identified, leaving a key step in stress granule regulation uncharacterized. Here, using chemical inhibition, genetic depletion, and overexpression experiments, we show that casein kinase 2 (CK2) promotes stress granule dynamics. These results link CK2 activity with SG disassembly. We also show that casein kinase 2 phosphorylates G3BP1 at serine 149 in vitro and in cells. These data support a role for casein kinase 2 in regulation of protein synthesis by downregulating stress granule formation through G3BP1.
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50
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Dou N, Chen J, Yu S, Gao Y, Li Y. G3BP1 contributes to tumor metastasis via upregulation of Slug expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2641-2650. [PMID: 27904777 PMCID: PMC5126279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RasGAP SH3-domain-Binding Protein 1 (G3BP1) has been implicated in cell growth, migration, and metastasis of some cancers, yet its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be explored. In the present study, we reported that G3BP1 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues both in mRNA and protein levels, and its high expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Functional analyses demonstrated that forced expression of G3BP1 in HCC cells promoted cell migration, and silenced expression of G3BP1 by RNA interference caused opposite effects. Moreover, G3BP1 knockdown attenuated the distant metastasis capacity of HCC cells through tail vein injection approach in nude mice model. At molecular mechanism, we found G3BP1 knockdown decreased Slug expression, and increased the expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin. Overexpression of Slug could restore the phenotype of G3BP1 silencing induced cell migration inhibition. Together, our data establish G3BP1 as an oncogenic factor involved in the metastasis of HCC and suggest that G3BP1 might serve as a novel predictor for patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Jingde Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120, China
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