1
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Peterson JJ, Lewis CA, Burgos SD, Manickam A, Xu Y, Rowley AA, Clutton G, Richardson B, Zou F, Simon JM, Margolis DM, Goonetilleke N, Browne EP. A histone deacetylase network regulates epigenetic reprogramming and viral silencing in HIV-infected cells. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1617-1633.e9. [PMID: 38134881 PMCID: PMC10754471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A long-lived latent reservoir of HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells persists with antiretroviral therapy and prevents cure. We report that the emergence of latently infected primary CD4 T cells requires the activity of histone deacetylase enzymes HDAC1/2 and HDAC3. Data from targeted HDAC molecules, an HDAC3-directed PROTAC, and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout experiments converge on a model where either HDAC1/2 or HDAC3 targeting can prevent latency, whereas all three enzymes must be targeted to achieve latency reversal. Furthermore, HDACi treatment targets features of memory T cells that are linked to proviral latency and persistence. Latency prevention is associated with increased H3K9ac at the proviral LTR promoter region and decreased H3K9me3, suggesting that this epigenetic switch is a key proviral silencing mechanism that depends on HDAC activity. These findings support further mechanistic work on latency initiation and eventual clinical studies of HDAC inhibitors to interfere with latency initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson J Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Catherine A Lewis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Samuel D Burgos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ashokkumar Manickam
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Yinyan Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Allison A Rowley
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Genevieve Clutton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Edward P Browne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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2
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Kwon J, Aoki Y, Takahashi H, Nakata R, Kawarasaki S, Ni Z, Yu R, Inoue H, Inoue K, Kawada T, Goto T. Inflammation-induced nitric oxide suppresses PPARα expression and function via downregulation of Sp1 transcriptional activity in adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194987. [PMID: 37739218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates lipid oxidation-related genes, has been employed to treat hyperlipidemia. Emerging evidence indicates that Ppara gene expression decreases in adipose tissue under obese conditions; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) suppresses Ppara expression by regulating its promoter activity via suppression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcriptional activity in adipocytes. NO derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages or a NO donor (NOR5) treatment, suppressed Ppara mRNA expression in 10T1/2 adipocytes. In addition, Ppara transcript levels were reduced in the white adipose tissue (WAT) in both acute and chronic inflammation mouse models; however, such suppressive effects were attenuated via a nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inhibitor. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitors attenuated the NO-induced repressive effects on Ppara gene expression in 10T1/2 adipocytes. Promoter mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NO decreased the Sp1 occupancy in the proximal promoter regions of the Ppara gene, which might partially result from the reduced Sp1 expression levels by NO. This study delineated the molecular mechanism that modulates Ppara gene transcription upon NO stimulation in white adipocytes, suggesting a possible mechanism for the transcriptional downregulation of Ppara in WAT under obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungin Kwon
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yumeko Aoki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawarasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Zheng Ni
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroyasu Inoue
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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3
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Chen R, Han X, Xu H, Xu J, Cao T, Shan Y, He F, Fang W, Li X. N-terminal domain of classical swine fever virus N pro induces proteasomal degradation of specificity protein 1 with reduced HDAC1 expression to evade from innate immune responses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0111523. [PMID: 37796122 PMCID: PMC10617410 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01115-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Of the flaviviruses, only CSFV and bovine viral diarrhea virus express Npro as the non-structural protein which is not essential for viral replication but functions to dampen host innate immunity. We have deciphered a novel mechanism with which CSFV uses to evade the host antiviral immunity by the N-terminal domain of its Npro to facilitate proteasomal degradation of Sp1 with subsequent reduction of HDAC1 and ISG15 expression. This is distinct from earlier findings involving Npro-mediated IRF3 degradation via the C-terminal domain. This study provides insights for further studies on how HDAC1 plays its role in antiviral immunity, and if and how other viral proteins, such as the core protein of CSFV, the nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, or even other coronaviruses, exert antiviral immune responses via the Sp1-HDAC1 axis. Such research may lead to a deeper understanding of viral immune evasion strategies as part of their pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hankun Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jidong Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang He
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ran XH, Zhu JW, Ni RZ, Zheng YT, Chen YY, Zheng WH, Mu D. TRIM5α recruits HDAC1 to p50 and Sp1 and promotes H3K9 deacetylation at the HIV-1 LTR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3343. [PMID: 37291137 PMCID: PMC10250300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 5α (TRIM5α) is generally known to block the postentry events of HIV-1. Here, we report an uncharacterized role for TRIM5α in the maintenance of viral latency. Knockdown of TRIM5α potentiates the transcription of HIV-1 in multiple latency models, which is reversed by shRNA-resistant TRIM5α. TRIM5α suppresses TNFα-activated HIV-1 LTR-driven as well as NF-κB- and Sp1-driven gene expression, with the RING and B-box 2 domains being the essential determinants. Mechanistically, TRIM5α binds to and enhances the recruitment of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to NF-κB p50 and Sp1. ChIP‒qPCR analyses further reveal that the association of TRIM5α with HIV-1 LTR induces HDAC1 recruitment and local H3K9 deacetylation. Conserved suppression effects of TRIM5α orthologs from multiple species on both HIV-1 and endo-retroelement HERV-K LTR activities have also been demonstrated. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which proviral latency is initially established and activatable proviruses are resilenced by histone deacetylase recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Ran
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Wu Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Run-Ze Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Yun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zheng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Mu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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5
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The role and application of transcriptional repressors in cancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:1-17. [PMID: 36645575 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is modulated through the integration of many regulatory elements and their associated transcription factors (TFs). TFs bind to specific DNA sequences and either activate or repress transcriptional activity. Through decades of research, it has been established that aberrant expression or functional abnormalities of TFs can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the development of cancer. Initial studies on transcriptional regulation in cancer have focused on TFs as transcriptional activators. However, recent studies have demonstrated several different mechanisms of transcriptional repression in cancer, which could be potential therapeutic targets for the development of specific anti-cancer agents. In the first section of this review, "Emerging roles of transcriptional repressors in cancer development," we summarize the current understanding of transcriptional repressors and their involvement in the molecular processes of cancer progression. In the subsequent section, "Therapeutic applications," we provide an updated overview of the available therapeutic targets for drug discovery and discuss the new frontier of such applications.
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6
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Zhao J, Huai J. Role of primary aging hallmarks in Alzheimer´s disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:197-230. [PMID: 36593969 PMCID: PMC9800733 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which severely threatens the health of the elderly and causes significant economic and social burdens. The causes of AD are complex and include heritable but mostly aging-related factors. The primary aging hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere wear, epigenetic changes, and loss of protein stability, which play a dominant role in the aging process. Although AD is closely associated with the aging process, the underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis have not been well characterized. This review summarizes the available literature about primary aging hallmarks and their roles in AD pathogenesis. By analyzing published literature, we attempted to uncover the possible mechanisms of aberrant epigenetic markers with related enzymes, transcription factors, and loss of proteostasis in AD. In particular, the importance of oxidative stress-induced DNA methylation and DNA methylation-directed histone modifications and proteostasis are highlighted. A molecular network of gene regulatory elements that undergoes a dynamic change with age may underlie age-dependent AD pathogenesis, and can be used as a new drug target to treat AD.
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7
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Contreras-Sanzón E, Prado-Garcia H, Romero-Garcia S, Nuñez-Corona D, Ortiz-Quintero B, Luna-Rivero C, Martínez-Cruz V, Carlos-Reyes Á. Histone deacetylases modulate resistance to the therapy in lung cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:960263. [PMID: 36263432 PMCID: PMC9574126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.960263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetylation status of histones located in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes modulate cancer hallmarks. In lung cancer, changes in the acetylation status are associated with increased cell proliferation, tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that take part in the elimination of acetyl groups from histones. Thus, HDACs regulate the acetylation status of histones. Although several therapies are available to treat lung cancer, many of these fail because of the development of tumor resistance. One mechanism of tumor resistance is the aberrant expression of HDACs. Specific anti-cancer therapies modulate HDACs expression, resulting in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modification of the expression of a variety of genes. Thus, HDACs are promising therapeutic targets to improve the response to anti-cancer treatments. Besides, natural compounds such as phytochemicals have potent antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Some of these compounds modulate the deregulated activity of HDACs (e.g. curcumin, apigenin, EGCG, resveratrol, and quercetin). These phytochemicals have been shown to inhibit some of the cancer hallmarks through HDAC modulation. The present review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms by which HDACs contribute to carcinogenesis and resistance of lung cancer cells to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Nuñez-Corona
- Posgrado de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
- Departamento de Investigación en Bioquímica, Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cesar Luna-Rivero
- Servicio de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Martínez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiologia, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Carlos-Reyes,
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8
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Yoshinaga-Sakurai K, Rossman TG, Rosen BP. Regulation of arsenic methylation: identification of the transcriptional region of the human AS3MT gene. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:765-780. [PMID: 33956289 PMCID: PMC8571124 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human enzyme As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (AS3MT) catalyzes arsenic biotransformations and is considered to contribute to arsenic-related diseases. AS3MT is expressed in various tissues and cell types including liver, brain, adrenal gland, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not in human keratinocytes, urothelial, or brain microvascular endothelial cells. This indicates that AS3MT expression is regulated in a tissue/cell type-specific manner, but the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of expression of the AS3MT gene is not known. In this study, we define the DNA sequence of the core promoter region of the human AS3MT gene. We identify a GC box in the promoter to which the stress-related transcription factor Sp1 binds, indicating involvement of regulatory elements in AS3MT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunie Yoshinaga-Sakurai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Toby G Rossman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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9
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Flashner S, Swift M, Sowash A, Fahmy AN, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Transcription factor Sp1 regulates mitotic chromosome assembly and segregation. Chromosoma 2022; 131:175-191. [PMID: 35916925 PMCID: PMC9470683 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-022-00778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a pervasive feature of cancer cells that results from chromosome missegregation. Several transcription factors have been associated with aneuploidy; however, no studies to date have demonstrated that mammalian transcription factors directly regulate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1), which we have previously linked to aneuploidy, has a mitosis-specific role regulating chromosome segregation. We find that Sp1 localizes to mitotic centromeres and auxin-induced rapid Sp1 degradation at mitotic onset results in chromosome segregation errors and aberrant mitotic progression. Furthermore, rapid Sp1 degradation results in anomalous mitotic chromosome assembly characterized by loss of condensin complex I localization to mitotic chromosomes and chromosome condensation defects. Consistent with these defects, Sp1 degradation results in reduced chromosome passenger complex activity and histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation during mitosis, which is essential for condensin complex I recruitment and chromosome condensation. Together, these data provide the first evidence of a mammalian transcription factor acting specifically during mitosis to regulate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Flashner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Michelle Swift
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Aislinn Sowash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Alexander N Fahmy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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10
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Moreno-Torres M, Guzmán C, Petrov PD, Jover R. Valproate and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Activate Transcription of the Human Vitamin D Receptor Gene through a Proximal GC-Rich DNA Region Containing Two Putative Sp1 Binding Sites. Nutrients 2022; 14:2673. [PMID: 35807853 PMCID: PMC9268083 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 pleiotropic biological actions through transcription regulation of target genes. The expression levels of this ligand-activated nuclear receptor are regulated by multiple mechanisms both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Vitamin D3 is the natural VDR activator, but other molecules and signaling pathways have also been reported to regulate VDR expression and activity. In this study, we identify valproic acid (VPA) and natural short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as novel transcriptional activators of the human VDR (hVDR) gene. We further report a comprehensive characterization of VPA/SCFA-responsive elements in the 5' regulatory region of the hVDR gene. Two alternative promoter DNA regions (of 2.4 and 3.8 kb), as well as subsequent deletion fragments, were cloned in pGL4-LUC reporter vector. Transfection of these constructs in HepG2 and human Upcyte hepatocytes followed by reporter assays demonstrated that a region of 107 bp (from -107 to -1) upstream of the transcription start site in exon 1a is responsible for most of the increase in transcriptional activity in response to VPA/SCFAs. This short DNA region is GC-rich, does not contain an apparent TATA box, and includes two bona fide binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Our results substantiate the hypothesis that VPA and SCFAs facilitate the activity of Sp1 on novel Sp1 responsive elements in the hVDR gene, thus promoting VDR upregulation and signaling. Elevated hepatic VDR levels have been associated with liver steatosis and, therefore, our results may have clinical relevance in epileptic pediatric patients on VPA therapy. Our results could also be suggestive of VDR upregulation by SCFAs produced by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Torres
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.G.); (P.D.P.)
- CIBEREHD, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Guzmán
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.G.); (P.D.P.)
| | - Petar D. Petrov
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.G.); (P.D.P.)
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.G.); (P.D.P.)
- CIBEREHD, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Malat P, Ekalaksananan T, Heawchaiyaphum C, Suebsasana S, Roytrakul S, Yingchutrakul Y, Pientong C. Andrographolide Inhibits Lytic Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus by Modulating Transcription Factors in Gastric Cancer. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122561. [PMID: 34946164 PMCID: PMC8708910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide is the principal bioactive chemical constituent of Andrographis paniculata and exhibits activity against several viruses, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). However, the particular mechanism by which andrographolide exerts an anti-EBV effect in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) cells remains unclear. We investigated the molecular mechanism by which andrographolide inhibits lytic reactivation of EBV in EBVaGC cells (AGS-EBV cell line) using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches. An andrographolide treatment altered EBV protein-expression patterns in AGS-EBV cells by suppressing the expression of EBV lytic protein. Interestingly cellular transcription factors (TFs), activators for EBV lytic reactivation, such as MEF2D and SP1, were significantly abolished in AGS-EBV cells treated with andrographolide and sodium butyrate (NaB) compared with NaB-treated cells. In contrast, the suppressors of EBV lytic reactivation, such as EZH2 and HDAC6, were significantly up-regulated in cells treated with both andrographolide and NaB compared with NaB treatment alone. In addition, bioinformatics predicted that HDAC6 could interact directly with MEF2D and SP1. Furthermore, andrographolide significantly induced cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis of AGS-EBV cells by induction of apoptosis-related protein expression. Our results suggest that andrographolide inhibits EBV lytic reactivation by inhibition of host TFs, partially through the interaction of HDAC6 with TFs, and induces apoptosis of EBVaGC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praphatson Malat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (T.E.); (C.H.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (T.E.); (C.H.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (T.E.); (C.H.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Suebsasana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Bangkok 10200, Thailand;
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Genome Technology Research Unit, Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Genome Technology Research Unit, Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (T.E.); (C.H.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Rivas M, Johnston ME, Gulati R, Kumbaji M, Margues Aguiar TF, Timchenko L, Krepischi A, Shin S, Bondoc A, Tiao G, Geller J, Timchenko N. HDAC1-Dependent Repression of Markers of Hepatocytes and P21 Is Involved in Development of Pediatric Liver Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1669-1682. [PMID: 34245919 PMCID: PMC8536541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a critical role in the development of liver cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic-driven liver cancers are not well understood. The aims of this study were to examine molecular mechanisms that cause the dedifferentiation of hepatocytes into cancer cells in aggressive hepatoblastoma and test if the inhibition of these mechanisms inhibits tumor growth. METHODS We have analyzed CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein alpha (C/EBPα), Transcription factor Sp5, and histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 pathways from a large biobank of fresh hepatoblastoma (HBL) samples using high-pressure liquid chromatography-based examination of protein-protein complexes and have examined chromatin remodeling on the promoters of markers of hepatocytes and p21. The HDAC1 activity was inhibited in patient-derived xenograft models of HBL and in cultured hepatoblastoma cells and expression of HDAC1-dependent markers of hepatocytes was examined. RESULTS Analyses of a biobank showed that a significant portion of HBL patients have increased levels of an oncogenic de-phosphorylated-S190-C/EBPα, Sp5, and HDAC1 compared with amounts of these proteins in adjacent regions. We found that the oncogenic de-phosphorylated-S190-C/EBPα is created in aggressive HBL by protein phosphatase 2A, which is increased within the nucleus and dephosphorylates C/EBPα at Ser190. C/EBPα-HDAC1 and Sp5-HDAC1 complexes are abundant in hepatocytes, which dedifferentiate into cancer cells. Studies in HBL cells have shown that C/EBPα-HDAC1 and Sp5-HDAC1 complexes reduce markers of hepatocytes and p21 via repression of their promoters. Pharmacologic inhibition of C/EBPα-HDAC1 and Sp5-HDAC1 complexes by Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of HDAC1 increase expression of hepatocyte markers, p21, and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS HDAC1-mediated repression of markers of hepatocytes is an essential step for the development of HBL, providing background for generation of therapies for aggressive HBL by targeting HDAC1 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rivas
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael E. Johnston
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ruhi Gulati
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Ana Krepischi
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soona Shin
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Gregory Tiao
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James Geller
- Department of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Nikolai Timchenko, PhD, Liver Tumor Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229. fax: (513) 636-4200.
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Zhan G, Wang F, Ding YQ, Li XH, Li YX, Zhao ZR, Li JX, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yan CC, Li BX. Rutaecarpine targets hERG channels and participates in regulating electrophysiological properties leading to ventricular arrhythmia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4938-4949. [PMID: 33939251 PMCID: PMC8178274 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-mediated or medical condition-mediated disruption of hERG function accounts for the main cause of acquired long-QT syndrome (acLQTs), which predisposes affected individuals to ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden death. Many Chinese herbal medicines, especially alkaloids, have risks of arrhythmia in clinical application. The characterized mechanisms behind this adverse effect are frequently associated with inhibition of cardiac hERG channels. The present study aimed to assess the potent effect of Rutaecarpine (Rut) on hERG channels. hERG-HEK293 cell was applied for evaluating the effect of Rut on hERG channels and the underlying mechanism. hERG current (IhERG ) was measured by patch-clamp technique. Protein levels were analysed by Western blot, and the phosphorylation of Sp1 was determined by immunoprecipitation. Optical mapping and programmed electrical stimulation were used to evaluate cardiac electrophysiological activities, such as APD, QT/QTc, occurrence of arrhythmia, phase singularities (PSs), and dominant frequency (DF). Our results demonstrated that Rut reduced the IhERG by binding to F656 and Y652 amino acid residues of hERG channel instantaneously, subsequently accelerating the channel inactivation, and being trapped in the channel. The level of hERG channels was reduced by incubating with Rut for 24 hours, and Sp1 in nucleus was inhibited simultaneously. Mechanismly, Rut reduced threonine (Thr)/ tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation of Sp1 through PI3K/Akt pathway to regulate hERG channels expression. Cell-based model unables to fully reveal the pathological process of arrhythmia. In vivo study, we found that Rut prolonged QT/QTc intervals and increased induction rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in guinea pig heart after being dosed Rut for 2 weeks. The critical reasons led to increased incidence of arrhythmias eventually were prolonged APD90 and APD50 and the increase of DF, numbers of PSs, incidence of early after-depolarizations (EADs). Collectively, the results of this study suggest that Rut could reduce the IhERG by binding to hERG channels through F656 and Y652 instantaneously. While, the PI3K/Akt/Sp1 axis may play an essential role in the regulation of hERG channels, from the perspective of the long-term effects of Rut (incubating for 24 hours). Importantly, the changes of electrophysiological properties by Rut were the main cause of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun-Qi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai-Chuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bao-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR. Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119504. [PMID: 33872660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in tumor initiation and progression is well documented. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), and DNA methyl transferases. (DNMTs) are the main proteins that are involved in regulating the chromatin conformation. Among these, histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylate the histone and induce gene repression thereby leading to cancer. In contrast, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that include GCN5, p300/CBP, PCAF, Tip 60 acetylate the histones. HDAC inhibitors are potent drug molecules that can induce acetylation of histones at lysine residues and induce open chromatin conformation at tumor suppressor gene loci and thus resulting in tumor suppression. The key processes regulated by HDAC inhibitors include cell-cycle arrest, chemo-sensitization, apoptosis induction, upregulation of tumor suppressors. Even though FDA approved drugs are confined mainly to haematological malignancies, the research on HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are providing positive results. Thus, several combinations of HDAC inhibitors along with DNA methyl transferase inhibitors and histone methyl transferase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This review focuses on how HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of coding and non-coding genes with specific emphasis on their anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Zierfuss B, Weinhofer I, Buda A, Popitsch N, Hess L, Moos V, Hametner S, Kemp S, Köhler W, Forss‐Petter S, Seiser C, Berger J. Targeting foam cell formation in inflammatory brain diseases by the histone modifier MS-275. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:2161-2177. [PMID: 32997393 PMCID: PMC7664285 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess class I-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on formation of lipid-accumulating, disease-promoting phagocytes upon myelin load in vitro, relevant for neuroinflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). METHODS Immunohistochemistry on postmortem brain tissue of acute MS (n = 6) and cerebral ALD (n = 4) cases to analyze activation and foam cell state of phagocytes. RNA-Seq of in vitro differentiated healthy macrophages (n = 8) after sustained myelin-loading to assess the metabolic shift associated with foam cell formation. RNA-Seq analysis of genes linked to lipid degradation and export in MS-275-treated human HAP1 cells and RT-qPCR analysis of HAP1 cells knocked out for individual members of class I HDACs or the corresponding enzymatically inactive knock-in mutants. Investigation of intracellular lipid/myelin content after MS-275 treatment of myelin-laden human foam cells. Analysis of disease characteristic very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism and inflammatory state in MS-275-treated X-ALD macrophages. RESULTS Enlarged foam cells coincided with a pro-inflammatory, lesion-promoting phenotype in postmortem tissue of MS and cerebral ALD patients. Healthy in vitro myelin laden foam cells upregulated genes linked to LXRα/PPARγ pathways and mimicked a program associated with tissue repair. Treating these cells with MS-275, amplified this gene transcription program and significantly reduced lipid and cholesterol accumulation and, thus, foam cell formation. In macrophages derived from X-ALD patients, MS-275 improved the disease-associated alterations of VLCFA metabolism and reduced the pro-inflammatory status of these cells. INTERPRETATION These findings identify class I-HDAC inhibition as a potential novel strategy to prevent disease promoting foam cell formation in CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Zierfuss
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous SystemCentre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Isabelle Weinhofer
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous SystemCentre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Agnieszka Buda
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous SystemCentre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Niko Popitsch
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyVienna1030Austria
| | - Lena Hess
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologyCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Verena Moos
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologyCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Simon Hametner
- Department of Neuropathology and NeurochemistryMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Stephan Kemp
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam Gastroenterology & MetabolismAmsterdam NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105AZThe Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Köhler
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CentreLeukodystrophy ClinicLeipzig04103Germany
| | - Sonja Forss‐Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous SystemCentre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Christian Seiser
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologyCenter for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous SystemCentre for Brain ResearchMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
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Pálinkás HL, Békési A, Róna G, Pongor L, Papp G, Tihanyi G, Holub E, Póti Á, Gemma C, Ali S, Morten MJ, Rothenberg E, Pagano M, Szűts D, Győrffy B, Vértessy BG. Genome-wide alterations of uracil distribution patterns in human DNA upon chemotherapeutic treatments. eLife 2020; 9:e60498. [PMID: 32956035 PMCID: PMC7505663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous anti-cancer drugs perturb thymidylate biosynthesis and lead to genomic uracil incorporation contributing to their antiproliferative effect. Still, it is not yet characterized if uracil incorporations have any positional preference. Here, we aimed to uncover genome-wide alterations in uracil pattern upon drug treatments in human cancer cell line models derived from HCT116. We developed a straightforward U-DNA sequencing method (U-DNA-Seq) that was combined with in situ super-resolution imaging. Using a novel robust analysis pipeline, we found broad regions with elevated probability of uracil occurrence both in treated and non-treated cells. Correlation with chromatin markers and other genomic features shows that non-treated cells possess uracil in the late replicating constitutive heterochromatic regions, while drug treatment induced a shift of incorporated uracil towards segments that are normally more active/functional. Data were corroborated by colocalization studies via dSTORM microscopy. This approach can be applied to study the dynamic spatio-temporal nature of genomic uracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka L Pálinkás
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Angéla Békési
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Róna
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lőrinc Pongor
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Papp
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Gergely Tihanyi
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Eszter Holub
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
| | - Ádám Póti
- Genome Stability Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Carolina Gemma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J Morten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Dávid Szűts
- Genome Stability Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary
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Perna S, Pinoli P, Ceri S, Wong L. NAUTICA: classifying transcription factor interactions by positional and protein-protein interaction information. Biol Direct 2020; 15:13. [PMID: 32938476 PMCID: PMC7493360 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inferring the mechanisms that drive transcriptional regulation is of great interest to biologists. Generally, methods that predict physical interactions between transcription factors (TFs) based on positional information of their binding sites (e.g. chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-Seq) experiments) cannot distinguish between different kinds of interaction at the same binding spots, such as co-operation and competition. RESULTS In this work, we present the Network-Augmented Transcriptional Interaction and Coregulation Analyser (NAUTICA), which employs information from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to assign TF-TF interaction candidates to one of three classes: competition, co-operation and non-interactions. NAUTICA filters available PPI network edges and fits a prediction model based on the number of shared partners in the PPI network between two candidate interactors. CONCLUSIONS NAUTICA improves on existing positional information-based TF-TF interaction prediction results, demonstrating how PPI information can improve the quality of TF interaction prediction. NAUTICA predictions - both co-operations and competitions - are supported by literature investigation, providing evidence on its capability of providing novel interactions of both kinds. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Zoltán Hegedüs and Endre Barta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Perna
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Via Giuseppe Ponzio 34/5, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro Pinoli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Via Giuseppe Ponzio 34/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ceri
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Via Giuseppe Ponzio 34/5, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Limsoon Wong
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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A Stronger Transcription Regulatory Circuit of HIV-1C Drives the Rapid Establishment of Latency with Implications for the Direct Involvement of Tat. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00503-20. [PMID: 32669338 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00503-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of transcription factor binding site variation emerging in HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C), especially the addition of NF-κB motifs by sequence duplication, makes the examination of transcriptional silence challenging. How can HIV-1 establish and maintain latency despite having a strong long terminal repeat (LTR)? We constructed panels of subgenomic reporter viral vectors with varying copy numbers of NF-κB motifs (0 to 4 copies) and examined the profile of latency establishment in Jurkat cells. Surprisingly, we found that the stronger the viral promoter, the faster the latency establishment. Importantly, at the time of commitment to latency and subsequent points, Tat levels in the cell were not limiting. Using highly sensitive strategies, we demonstrate the presence of Tat in the latent cell, recruited to the latent LTR. Our data allude, for the first time, to Tat establishing a negative feedback loop during the late phases of viral infection, leading to the rapid silencing of the viral promoter.IMPORTANCE Over the past 10 to 15 years, HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) has been evolving rapidly toward gaining stronger transcriptional activity by sequence duplication of major transcription factor binding sites. The duplication of NF-κB motifs is unique and exclusive to HIV-1C, a property not shared with any of the other eight HIV-1 genetic families. What mechanism(s) does HIV-1C employ to establish and maintain transcriptional silence despite the presence of a strong promoter and concomitant strong, positive transcriptional feedback is the primary question that we attempted to address in the present manuscript. The role that Tat plays in latency reversal is well established. Our work with the most common HIV-1 subtype, HIV-1C, offers crucial leads toward Tat possessing a dual role in serving as both a transcriptional activator and repressor at different phases of viral infection of the cell. The leads that we offer through the present work have significant implications for HIV-1 cure research.
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Lee HJ, Park JH, Oh SY, Cho DH, Kim S, Jo I. Zearalenone-Induced Interaction between PXR and Sp1 Increases Binding of Sp1 to a Promoter Site of the eNOS, Decreasing Its Transcription and NO Production in BAECs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060421. [PMID: 32630586 PMCID: PMC7354576 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal mycotoxin that has various toxicological impacts on mammalian health. Here, we found that ZEN significantly affected the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). A promoter analysis using 5′-serially deleted human eNOS promoter revealed that the proximal region (−135 to +22) was responsible for ZEN-mediated reduction of the human eNOS promoter activity. This effect was reversed by mutation of two specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding elements in the human eNOS promoter. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ZEN increased Sp1 binding to the bovine eNOS promoter region (−113 to −12), which is homologous to −135 to +22 of the human eNOS promoter region. We also found that ZEN promoted the binding of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) to Sp1 of the bovine eNOS, consequently decreasing eNOS expression. This reduction of eNOS could have contributed to the decreased acetylcholine-induced vessel relaxation upon ZEN treatment in our ex vivo study using mouse aortas. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that ZEN decreases eNOS expression by enhancing the binding of PXR-Sp1 to the eNOS promoter, thereby decreasing NO production and potentially causing vessel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
| | - Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (D.-H.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (D.-H.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 82-2-6986-6267
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Stowers RS, Shcherbina A, Israeli J, Gruber JJ, Chang J, Nam S, Rabiee A, Teruel MN, Snyder MP, Kundaje A, Chaudhuri O. Matrix stiffness induces a tumorigenic phenotype in mammary epithelium through changes in chromatin accessibility. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:1009-1019. [PMID: 31285581 PMCID: PMC6899165 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, the increased stiffness of the extracellular matrix is a key driver of malignancy. Yet little is known about the epigenomic changes that underlie the tumorigenic impact of extracellular matrix mechanics. Here, we show in a three-dimensional culture model of breast cancer that stiff extracellular matrix induces a tumorigenic phenotype through changes in chromatin state. We found that increased stiffness yielded cells with more wrinkled nuclei and with increased lamina-associated chromatin, that cells cultured in stiff matrices displayed more accessible chromatin sites, which exhibited footprints of Sp1 binding, and that this transcription factor acts along with the histone deacetylases 3 and 8 to regulate the induction of stiffness-mediated tumorigenicity. Just as cell culture on soft environments or in them rather than on tissue-culture plastic better recapitulates the acinar morphology observed in mammary epithelium in vivo, mammary epithelial cells cultured on soft microenvironments or in them also more closely replicate the in vivo chromatin state. Our results emphasize the importance of culture conditions for epigenomic studies, and reveal that chromatin state is a critical mediator of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Stowers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Biological Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Johnny Israeli
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua J Gruber
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sungmin Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary N Teruel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Tributyrin Inhibits Ethanol-Induced Epigenetic Repression of CPT-1A and Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:569-585. [PMID: 31654770 PMCID: PMC7078548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethanol-mediated down-regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1A) gene expression plays a major role in the development of hepatic steatosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug that can inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, attenuates hepatic steatosis and injury. The present study examined the beneficial effect of tributyrin/butyrate in attenuating ethanol-induced pathogenic epigenetic mechanisms affecting CPT-1A promoter-histone modifications and gene expression and hepatic steatosis/injury. METHODS Mice were fed a liquid Lieber-DeCarli diet (Research Diet Inc, New Brunswick, NJ) with or without ethanol for 4 weeks. In a subset of mice, tributyrin (2 g/kg) was administered orally by gavage. Primary rat hepatocytes were treated with 50 mmol/L ethanol and/or 2 mmol/L butyrate. Gene expression and epigenetic modifications at the CPT-1A promoter were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS In vivo, ethanol induced hepatic CPT-1A promoter histone H3K9 deacetylation, which is indicative of a repressive chromatin state, and decreased CPT-1A gene expression. Our data identified HDAC1 as the predominant HDAC causing CPT-1A promoter histone H3K9 deacetylation and epigenetic down-regulation of gene expression. Significantly, Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha (HNF4α) participated in the recruitment of HDAC1 to the proximal and distal regions of CPT-1A promoter, respectively, and mediated transcriptional repression. Importantly, butyrate, a dietary HDAC inhibitor, attenuated ethanol-induced recruitment of HDAC1 and facilitated p300-HAT binding by enabling SP1/p300 interaction at the proximal region and HNF4α/peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α/p300 interactions at the distal region, leading to promoter histone acetylation and enhanced CPT-1A transcription. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies HDAC1-mediated repressive epigenetic mechanisms that underlie an ethanol-mediated decrease in CPT-1A expression. Importantly, tributyrin/butyrate inhibits HDAC1, rescues CPT-1A expression, and attenuates ethanol-mediated hepatic steatosis and injury, suggesting its potential use in therapeutic strategies for alcoholic liver disease.
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Shimoyama S, Furukawa T, Ogata Y, Nikaido Y, Koga K, Sakamoto Y, Ueno S, Nakamura K. Lipopolysaccharide induces mouse translocator protein (18 kDa) expression via the AP-1 complex in the microglial cell line, BV-2. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222861. [PMID: 31536603 PMCID: PMC6752844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that neuroinflammation occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with neuropathic pain, Alzheimer’s disease and autism spectrum disorder. The 18-kDa translocator protein TSPO is used as an imaging target in positron emission tomography to detect neuroinflammation, and its expression is correlated with microglial activation. However, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of Tspo induced by inflammation is not clear. Here, we revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced Tspo expression was activated by the AP-1 complex in a mouse microglial cell line, BV-2. Knockdown of c-Fos and c-Jun, the components of AP-1, reduced LPS-induced Tspo expression. Furthermore, the enrichment of Sp1 in the proximal promoter region of Tspo was increased in the presence of LPS. In addition, the binding of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the enhancer region, which contains the AP-1 site, was decreased by LPS treatment, but there were no significant differences in HDAC1 binding to the proximal promoter region with or without LPS. These results indicated that HDAC1 is involved not in the proximal promoter region but in the enhancer region. Our study revealed that inflammatory signals induce the recruitment of AP-1 to the enhancer region and Sp1 to the proximal promoter region of the Tspo gene and that Sp1 may regulate the basal expression of Tspo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Shimoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ogata
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yui Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sp1-regulated expression of p11 contributes to motor neuron degeneration by membrane insertion of TASK1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3784. [PMID: 31439839 PMCID: PMC6706379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption in membrane excitability contributes to malfunction and differential vulnerability of specific neuronal subpopulations in a number of neurological diseases. The adaptor protein p11, and background potassium channel TASK1, have overlapping distributions in the CNS. Here, we report that the transcription factor Sp1 controls p11 expression, which impacts on excitability by hampering functional expression of TASK1. In the SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS, Sp1-p11-TASK1 dysregulation contributes to increased excitability and vulnerability of motor neurons. Interference with either Sp1 or p11 is neuroprotective, delaying neuron loss and prolonging lifespan in this model. Nitrosative stress, a potential factor in human neurodegeneration, stimulated Sp1 expression and human p11 promoter activity, at least in part, through a Sp1-binding site. Disruption of Sp1 or p11 also has neuroprotective effects in a traumatic model of motor neuron degeneration. Together our work suggests the Sp1-p11-TASK1 pathway is a potential target for treatment of degeneration of motor neurons. The adaptor protein p11 and K+ channel TASK1 have overlapping distributions in the CNS. Here, the authors demonstrate that the transcription factor Sp1 regulates p11 levels, which in turn affects intrinsic membrane properties and can contribute to degeneration of motor neurons in disease and injury models.
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Manzotti G, Ciarrocchi A, Sancisi V. Inhibition of BET Proteins and Histone Deacetylase (HDACs): Crossing Roads in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030304. [PMID: 30841549 PMCID: PMC6468908 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone DeACetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones and other proteins, regulating the expression of target genes. Pharmacological inhibition of these enzymes re-shapes chromatin acetylation status, confusing boundaries between transcriptionally active and quiescent chromatin. This results in reinducing expression of silent genes while repressing highly transcribed genes. Bromodomain and Extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are readers of acetylated chromatin status and accumulate on transcriptionally active regulatory elements where they serve as scaffold for the building of transcription-promoting complexes. The expression of many well-known oncogenes relies on BET proteins function, indicating BET inhibition as a strategy to counteract their activity. BETi and HDACi share many common targets and affect similar cellular processes to the point that combined inhibition of both these classes of proteins is regarded as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of these drugs in cancer. In this work, we aim to discuss the molecular basis of the interplay between HDAC and BET proteins, pointing at chromatin acetylation as a crucial node of their functional interaction. We will also describe the state of the art of their dual inhibition in cancer therapy. Finally, starting from their mechanism of action we will provide a speculative perspective on how these drugs may be employed in combination with standard therapies to improve effectiveness and/or overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Sancisi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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25
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Feng PF, Zhang B, Zhao L, Fang Q, Liu Y, Wang JN, Xu XQ, Xue H, Li Y, Yan CC, Zhao X, Li BX. Intracellular Mechanism of Rosuvastatin-Induced Decrease in Mature hERG Protein Expression on Membrane. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1477-1488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Chuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P. R. China
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Banerjee A, Mahata B, Dhir A, Mandal TK, Biswas K. Elevated histone H3 acetylation and loss of the Sp1-HDAC1 complex de-repress the GM2-synthase gene in renal cell carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1005-1018. [PMID: 30463940 PMCID: PMC6341395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GM2-synthase produces sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids called gangliosides, and its mRNA overexpression and the gangliosides it generates are linked to tumor progression, migration, and suppression of tumor-specific host immune responses. However, the mechanism underlying GM2-synthase de-repression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that higher GM2-synthase mRNA expression levels in various cancer cells and in human RCC tumors correlate with higher histone acetylation levels (H3K9, H3K14, or both) at region +38/+187 relative to the transcription start site (TSS) of the GM2-synthase gene than in normal kidney epithelial (NKE) cells or healthy adjacent tissues. An increase in GM2-synthase mRNA expression in cells treated with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor was accompanied by increased histone acetylation levels at this promoter region. DNA methylation around the TSS was absent in both RCC cell lines and NKE cells. Of note, both the transcription factor Sp1 and corepressor HDAC1 associated with the +38/+187 region when the GM2-synthase gene was repressed in NKE and tumor-adjacent tissues, indicating plausible site-specific repressive roles of HDAC1 and Sp1 in GM2-synthase mRNA expression. Site-directed mutagenesis of the Sp1-binding site within the +38/+187 region relieved repressed luciferase activity of this region by limiting HDAC1 recruitment. Moreover, Sp1 or HDAC1 knock down increased GM2-synthase transcription, and butyrate-mediated activation of GM2-synthase mRNA expression in SK-RC-45 cells was accompanied by Sp1 and HDAC1 loss from the +38/+187 region. Taken together, we have identified an epigenetic mechanism for the de-repression of the GM2-synthase gene in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Banerjee
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
| | - Barun Mahata
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
| | - Arjun Dhir
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
| | - Tapan Kumar Mandal
- Department of Urology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 014 India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 054 India and
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27
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Abstract
HDACs, originally described as histone modifiers, have recently been demonstrated to modify a variety of other proteins that are involved in diverse cellular processes unrelated to the chromatin environment. This includes deacetylation of nonhistone targets involved in multiple signaling pathways. In this regard, a considerable number of reports have analyzed the role of nonspecific inhibition of HDACs through pan-HDACi in cancer as well as processes of immune regulation. However, with pan-HDACi there is a lack of understanding about the exact contribution of inhibition of each individual HDAC, which makes the rational design of improved drug candidates extremely difficult. Additionally, current approaches using nonselective HDACi in the clinic have critical limitations, including pan-HDACi which elicit poor activity in solid tumors and cardiac toxicity, class I HDACi which activate multiple apoptotic pathways, limiting its use for longer periods of time, and class I-HDAC6i that evidenced a number of adverse effects in initial clinical trials. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the identification of more selective HDACi, and the subsequent development of accurate functional tests to identify the effectiveness and selectivity of these inhibitors. In this chapter, we are describing some selected methodologies to identify the individual activities of HDACs. In addition, we present specific methods to identify enzymatic and nonenzymatic molecular targets of HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hadley
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, N.W. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Satish Noonepalle
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, N.W. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Debarati Banik
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, N.W. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, N.W. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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28
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Calvo J, González-Calvo L, Dervishi E, Blanco M, Iguácel L, Sarto P, Pérez-Campo F, Serrano M, Bolado-Carrancio A, Rodríguez-Rey J, Joy M. A functional variant in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene promoter affects gene expression in ovine muscle. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Mir R, Sharma A, Pradhan SJ, Galande S. Regulation of Transcription Factor SP1 by the β-Catenin Destruction Complex Modulates Wnt Response. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00188-18. [PMID: 30181396 PMCID: PMC6206460 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00188-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) is heavily modified posttranslationally. These modifications are critical for switching its functions and modulation of its transcriptional activity and DNA binding and stability. However, the mechanism governing the stability of SP1 by cellular signaling pathways is not well understood. Here, we provide biochemical and functional evidence that SP1 is an integral part of the Wnt signaling pathway. We identified a phosphodegron motif in SP1 that is specific to mammals. In the absence of Wnt signaling, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation and β-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination are required to induce SP1 degradation. When Wnt signaling is on, SP1 is stabilized in a β-catenin-dependent manner. SP1 directly interacts with β-catenin, and Wnt signaling induces the stabilization of SP1 by impeding its interaction with β-TrCP and axin1, components of the destruction complex. Wnt signaling suppresses ubiquitination and subsequent proteosomal degradation of SP1. Furthermore, SP1 regulates Wnt-dependent stability of β-catenin and their mutual stabilization is critical for target gene expression, suggesting a feedback mechanism. Upon stabilization, SP1 and β-catenin cooccupy the promoters of TCFL2/β-catenin target genes. Collectively, this study uncovers a direct link between SP1 and β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafeeq Mir
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Galande
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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30
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Chhunchha B, Singh P, Singh DP, Kubo E. Ginkgolic Acid Rescues Lens Epithelial Cells from Injury Caused by Redox Regulated-Aberrant Sumoylation Signaling by Reviving Prdx6 and Sp1 Expression and Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3520. [PMID: 30413111 PMCID: PMC6274983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is a downstream effector of aging/oxidative stress; excess oxidative stress leads to dysregulation of a specificity protein1 (Sp1) and its target genes, such as Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), resulting in cellular damage. To cope with oxidative stress, cells rely on a signaling pathway involving redox-sensitive genes. Herein, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule Ginkgolic acid (GA), a Sumoylation antagonist, to disrupt aberrant Sumoylation signaling in human and mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) facing oxidative stress or aberrantly expressing Sumo1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier). We found that GA globally reduced aberrant Sumoylation of proteins. In contrast, Betulinic acid (BA), a Sumoylation agonist, augmented the process. GA increased Sp1 and Prdx6 expression by disrupting the Sumoylation signaling, while BA repressed the expression of both molecules. In vitro DNA binding, transactivation, Sumoylation and expression assays revealed that GA enhanced Sp1 binding to GC-boxes in the Prdx6 promoter and upregulated its transcription. Cell viability and intracellular redox status assays showed that LECs pretreated with GA gained resistance against oxidative stress-driven aberrant Sumoylation signaling. Overall, our study revealed an unprecedented role for GA in LECs and provided new mechanistic insights into the use of GA in rescuing LECs from aging/oxidative stress-evoked dysregulation of Sp1/Prdx6 protective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan.
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31
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Lee HA, Lee E, Do GY, Moon EK, Quan FS, Kim I. Histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 protects the pancreas from streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and β-cell death. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:921-929. [PMID: 30551546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) suppresses inflammation of pancreatic islets and apoptosis of β-cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that MGCD0103 (MGCD), an HDAC inhibitor, protects the pancreas from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced oxidative stress and cell death. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (40 mg/kg) to induce type I diabetes. MGCD (10 μg/day) was infused with osmotic mini-pump for 4 weeks. Pancreatic insulin and macrophage infiltration were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester was used to analyze mitochondrial membrane potential. Activation of caspase-3 was analyzed by western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to investigate the binding affinity of specificity protein 1 (SP1) on the promoters of target genes. mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. As a result, we found that MGCD infusion ameliorated STZ-induced hyperglycemia, islet deformation, decreased insulin level, and macrophage infiltration. STZ injection promoted the production of ROS, which induced caspase activity and β-cell death. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced STZ-induced caspase activity and β-cell death. MGCD treatment increased SOD expression and histone acetylation level on promoters. Infusion of MGCD promoted acetylation of SP1 and its enrichment on SOD promoters. Thus, MGCD protects pancreatic β-cells from STZ-induced oxidative stress and cell death through the induction of antioxidant enzymes such as SODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ahm Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Do
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Moon
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Frisan T, Nagy N, Chioureas D, Terol M, Grasso F, Masucci MG. A bacterial genotoxin causes virus reactivation and genomic instability in Epstein-Barr virus infected epithelial cells pointing to a role of co-infection in viral oncogenesis. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:98-109. [PMID: 29978480 PMCID: PMC6587852 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have addressed the role of bacterial co‐infection in viral oncogenesis using as model Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus that causes lymphoid malignancies and epithelial cancers. Infection of EBV carrying epithelial cells with the common oral pathogenic Gram‐negative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) triggered reactivation of the productive virus cycle. Using isogenic Aa strains that differ in the production of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and purified catalytically active or inactive toxin, we found that the CDT acts via induction of DNA double strand breaks and activation of the Ataxia Telangectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase. Exposure of EBV‐negative epithelial cells to the virus in the presence of sub‐lethal doses of CDT was accompanied by the accumulation of latently infected cells exhibiting multiple signs of genomic instability. These findings illustrate a scenario where co‐infection with certain bacterial species may favor the establishment of a microenvironment conducive to the EBV‐induced malignant transformation of epithelial cells. What's new? Little is known about the influence of coinfections, especially of bacteria, on viral oncogenesis. Here, the authors examined the effect of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a common oral pathogen, on epithelial cells infected with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Exposure of EBV+ cells to CDT induced viral reactivation, while exposure of EBV‐ cells to low amounts of CDT led to the accumulation of latently infected cells upon infection, pointing to a multi‐layered role of bacterial co‐infection in viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Chioureas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Terol
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Grasso
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria G Masucci
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh P, Singh DP. Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 repairs aberrant Sumoylation-mediated Sp1 dysregulation-dependent Prdx6 repression and cell injury in aging and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2284-2315. [PMID: 30215601 PMCID: PMC6188488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of antioxidant response in aging is a major culprit in the initiation of age-related pathobiology induced by oxidative stress. We previously reported that oxidative stress leads to a marked reduction in transcription factor Sp1 and its mediated Prdx6 expression in lens epithelial cells (LECs) leading to cell death. Herein, we examined how Sp1 activity goes awry during oxidative stress/aging, and whether it is remediable. We found that Sp1 is hyper-Sumoylated at lysine (K) 16 residue in aging LECs. DNA binding and promoter assays revealed, in aging and oxidative stress, a significant reduction in Sp1 overall binding, and specifically to Prdx6 promoter. Expression/overexpression assay revealed that the observed reduction in Sp1-DNA binding activity was connected to its hyper-Sumoylation due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Sumo1 levels, and reduced levels of Senp1, Prdx6 and Sp1. Mutagenesis of Sp1 at K16R (arginine) residue restored steady-state, and improved Sp1-DNA binding activity and transactivation potential. Extrinsic expression of Sp1K16R increased cell survival and reduced ROS levels by upregulating Prdx6 expression in LECs under aging/oxidative stress, demonstrating that Sp1K16R escapes the aberrant Sumoylation processes. Intriguingly, the deleterious processes are reversible by the delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6, an antioxidant, which would be a candidate molecule to restrict aging pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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34
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Wu CC, Lee PT, Kao TJ, Chou SY, Su RY, Lee YC, Yeh SH, Liou JP, Hsu TI, Su TP, Chuang CK, Chang WC, Chuang JY. Upregulation of Znf179 acetylation by SAHA protects cells against oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 19:74-80. [PMID: 30121389 PMCID: PMC6095945 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) commonly occurs during normal aging and during some acute/chronic progressive disorders. In order to avoid oxidative damage, scavenging of these radicals is important. Previously, we identified zinc finger protein 179 (Znf179) as a neuroprotector that increases antioxidant enzymes against superoxide radicals. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation and regulation of Znf179 remain unresolved. Here, by performing sequence alignment, bioinformatics analysis, immunoprecipitation using two specific acetyl-lysine antibodies, and treatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA, we determined the lysine-specific acetylation of Znf179. Furthermore, we investigated Znf179 interaction with HDACs and revealed that peroxide insult induced a dissociation of Znf179-HDAC1/HDAC6, causing an increase in Znf179 acetylation. Importantly, HDAC inhibition by SAHA further prompted Znf179 hyperacetylation, which promoted Znf179 to form a transcriptional complex with Sp1 and increased antioxidant gene expression against oxidative attack. In summary, the results obtained in this study showed that Znf179 was regulated by HDACs and that Znf179 acetylation was a critical mechanism in the induction of antioxidant defense systems. Additionally, HDAC inhibitors may have therapeutic potential for induction of Znf179 acetylation, strengthening the Znf179 protective functions against neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Che Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Tse Lee
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yi Chou
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Yuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Hwa Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | | | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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35
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce the expression of tumor suppressor genes Per1 and Per2 in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1981-1990. [PMID: 30008892 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Period circadian regulator (Per)1 and Per2 genes are involved in the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock, and exhibit tumor suppressor properties. Several studies have reported a decreased expression of Per1, Per2 and Per3 genes in different types of cancer and cancer cell lines. Promoter methylation downregulates Per1, Per2 or Per3 expression in myeloid leukemia, breast, lung, and other cancer cells; whereas histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) upregulate Per1 or Per3 expression in certain cancer cell lines. However, the transcriptional regulation of Per1 and Per2 in cancer cells by chromatin modifications is not fully understood. The present study aimed to determine whether HDACi regulate Per1 and Per2 expression in gastric cancer cell lines, and to investigate changes in chromatin modifications in response to HDACi. Treatment of KATO III and NCI-N87 human gastric cancer cells with sodium butyrate (NaB) or Trichostatin A (TSA) induced Per1 and Per2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitaion assays revealed that NaB and TSA decreased lysine 9 trimethylation on histone H3 (H3K9me3) at the Per1 promoter. TSA, but not NaB increased H3K9 acetylation at the Per2 promoter. It was also observed that binding of Sp1 and Sp3 to the Per1 promoter decreased following NaB treatment, whereas Sp1 binding increased at the Per2 promoter of NaB- and TSA-treated cells. In addition, Per1 promoter is not methylated in KATO III cells, while Per2 promoter was methylated, although NaB, TSA, and 5-Azacytidine do not change the methylated CpGs analyzed. In conclusion, HDACi induce Per1 and Per2 expression, in part, through mechanisms involving chromatin remodeling at the proximal promoter of these genes; however, other indirect mechanisms triggered by these HDACi cannot be ruled out. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated regulatory pathway between silencing of Per1 gene by H3K9me3 and upregulation of Per2 by HDACi in cancer cells.
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36
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Hepp MI, Escobar D, Farkas C, Hermosilla VE, Álvarez C, Amigo R, Gutiérrez JL, Castro AF, Pincheira R. A Trichostatin A (TSA)/Sp1-mediated mechanism for the regulation of SALL2 tumor suppressor in Jurkat T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30028-2. [PMID: 29778644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
SALL2 is a transcription factor involved in development and disease. Deregulation of SALL2 has been associated with cancer, suggesting that it plays a role in the disease. However, how SALL2 is regulated and why is deregulated in cancer remain poorly understood. We previously showed that the p53 tumor suppressor represses SALL2 under acute genotoxic stress. Here, we investigated the effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) Trichostatin A (TSA), and involvement of Sp1 on expression and function of SALL2 in Jurkat T cells. We show that SALL2 mRNA and protein levels were enhanced under TSA treatment. Both, TSA and ectopic expression of Sp1 transactivated the SALL2 P2 promoter. This transactivation effect was blocked by the Sp1-binding inhibitor mithramycin A. Sp1 bound in vitro and in vivo to the proximal region of the P2 promoter. TSA induced Sp1 binding to the P2 promoter, which correlated with dynamic changes on H4 acetylation and concomitant recruitment of p300 or HDAC1 in a mutually exclusive manner. Our results suggest that TSA-induced Sp1-Lys703 acetylation contributes to the transcriptional activation of the P2 promoter. Finally, using a CRISPR/Cas9 SALL2-KO Jurkat-T cell model and gain of function experiments, we demonstrated that SALL2 upregulation is required for TSA-mediated cell death. Thus, our study identified Sp1 as a novel transcriptional regulator of SALL2, and proposes a novel epigenetic mechanism for SALL2 regulation in Jurkat-T cells. Altogether, our data support SALL2 function as a tumor suppressor, and SALL2 involvement in cell death response to HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | - David Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Viviana E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto Amigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - José L Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roxana Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
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Niu C, Li M, Zhu S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Xu D, Li W, Cui J, Liu Y, Chen J. Decitabine Inhibits Gamma Delta T Cell Cytotoxicity by Promoting KIR2DL2/3 Expression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 29632540 PMCID: PMC5879086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, which possess potent cytotoxicity against a wide range of cancer cells, have become a potential avenue for adoptive immunotherapy. Decitabine (DAC) has been reported to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells, thereby reinstating endogenous immune recognition and tumor lysis. However, DAC has also been demonstrated to have direct effects on immune cells. In this study, we report that DAC inhibits γδ T cell proliferation. In addition, DAC increases the number of KIR2DL2/3-positive γδ T cells, which are less cytotoxic than the KIR2DL2/3-negative γδ T cells. We found that DAC upregulated KIR2DL2/3 expression in KIR2DL2/3-negative γδ T cells by inhibiting KIR2DL2/3 promoter methylation, which enhances the binding of KIR2DL2/3 promoter to Sp-1 and activates KIR2DL2/3 gene expression. Our data demonstrated that DAC can inhibit the function of human γδ T cells at both cellular and molecular levels, which confirms and extrapolates the results of previous studies showing that DAC can negatively regulate the function of NK cells and αβ T cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchong Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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38
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Dong Z, Shi Y, Feng L, Shen Z, Fang L, Zheng S, Hai X, Li B. (-)-Epicatechin rescues the As 2 O 3 -induced HERG K + channel deficiency possibly through upregulating transcription factor SP1 expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28768059 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin (EPI) has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular disease. The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) potassium channel is crucial for repolarization of cardiac action potential. Dysfunction of the HERG channel can cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Arsenic trioxide (As2 O3 ) has shown efficacy in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, As2 O3 can induce the deficiency of HERG channel and cause LQT2. In this study, we examined whether EPI could rescue the As2 O3 -induced HERG channel deficiency. We found that 3 μM EPI obviously increased protein expression and current of HERG channel. EPI was able to recover the protein expression and current of HERG channel disrupted by As2 O3 . EPI was able to increase the expression of SP1 protein and recover the expression of SP1 protein disrupted by As2 O3 . In addition, EPI significantly shortened action potential duration prolonged by As2 O3 . Our data suggest that EPI rescues As2 O3 -induced HERG channel deficiency through upregulating SP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanqi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoqian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Hai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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39
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Tao CC, Hsu WL, Ma YL, Cheng SJ, Lee EH. Epigenetic regulation of HDAC1 SUMOylation as an endogenous neuroprotection against Aβ toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:597-614. [PMID: 28186506 PMCID: PMC5384022 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) produces neurotoxicity in the brain and causes neuronal death, but the endogenous defense mechanism that is activated on Aβ insult is less well known. Here we found that acute Aβ increases the expression of PIAS1 and Mcl-1 via activation of MAPK/ERK, and Aβ induction of PIAS1 enhances HDAC1 SUMOylation in rat hippocampus. Knockdown of PIAS1 decreases endogenous HDAC1 SUMOylation and blocks Aβ induction of Mcl-1. Sumoylated HDAC1 reduces it association with CREB, increases CREB binding to the Mcl-1 promoter and mediates Aβ induction of Mcl-1 expression. Transduction of SUMO-modified lenti-HDAC1 vector to the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice rescues spatial learning and memory deficit and long-term potentiation impairment in APP/PS1 mice. It also reduces the amount of amyloid plaque and the number of apoptotic cells in CA1 area of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, HDAC1 SUMOylation decreases HDAC1 binding to the neprilysin promoter. These results together reveal an important role of HDAC1 SUMOylation as a naturally occurring defense mechanism protecting against Aβ toxicity and provide an alternative therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Chieh Tao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin Jhong Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Program in Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy Hy Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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O'Connor L, Gilmour J, Bonifer C. The Role of the Ubiquitously Expressed Transcription Factor Sp1 in Tissue-specific Transcriptional Regulation and in Disease. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:513-525. [PMID: 28018142 PMCID: PMC5168829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sp1 belongs to the 26 member strong Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. It is a paradigm for a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor and is involved in regulating the expression of genes associated with a wide range of cellular processes in mammalian cells. Sp1 can interact with a range of proteins, including other transcription factors, members of the transcription initiation complex and epigenetic regulators, enabling tight regulation of its target genes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in Sp1-mediated transcriptional regulation, as well as how a ubiquitous transcription factor can be involved in establishing a tissue-specific pattern of gene expression and mechanisms by which its activity may be regulated. We also consider the role of Sp1 in human diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh O'Connor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Gilmour
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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41
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Hewett SJ, Shi J, Gong Y, Dhandapani K, Pilbeam C, Hewett JA. Spontaneous Glutamatergic Synaptic Activity Regulates Constitutive COX-2 Expression in Neurons: OPPOSING ROLES FOR THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS CREB (cAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT BINDING) PROTEIN AND Sp1 (STIMULATORY PROTEIN-1). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27279-27288. [PMID: 27875294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burgeoning evidence supports a role for cyclooxygenase metabolites in regulating membrane excitability in various forms of synaptic plasticity. Two cyclooxygenases, COX-1 and COX-2, catalyze the initial step in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. COX-2 is generally considered inducible, but in glutamatergic neurons in some brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, it is constitutively expressed. However, the transcriptional mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Here, we used quantitative PCR and also analyzed reporter gene expression in a mouse line carrying a construct consisting of a portion of the proximal promoter region of the mouse COX-2 gene upstream of luciferase cDNA to characterize COX-2 basal transcriptional regulation in cortical neurons. Extracts from the whole brain and from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulbs exhibited high luciferase activity. Moreover, constitutive COX-2 expression and luciferase activity were detected in cortical neurons, but not in cortical astrocytes, cultured from wild-type and transgenic mice, respectively. Constitutive COX-2 expression depended on spontaneous but not evoked excitatory synaptic activity and was shown to be N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent. Constitutive promoter activity was reduced in neurons transfected with a dominant-negative cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and was eliminated by mutating the CRE-binding site on the COX-2 promoter. However, mutation of the stimulatory protein-1 (Sp1)-binding site resulted in an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent enhancement of COX-2 promoter activity. Basal binding of the transcription factors CREB and Sp1 to the native neuronal COX-2 promoter was confirmed. In toto, our data suggest that spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic activity regulates constitutive neuronal COX-2 expression via Sp1 and CREB protein-dependent transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Hewett
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210,
| | - Jingxue Shi
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Yifan Gong
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, and
| | - Carol Pilbeam
- the Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - James A Hewett
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210,
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42
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Yang F, Du Y, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Wang L, Hong B. Low-density lipoprotein upregulate SR-BI through Sp1 Ser702 phosphorylation in hepatic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1861:1066-1075. [PMID: 27320013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is one of the key proteins in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and its major function is to uptake high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from plasma into liver cells. The regulation of SR-BI expression is important for controlling serum lipid content and reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Here we found that SR-BI expression was significantly increased by LDL in vivo and in vitro, and the transcription factor specific protein 1 (Sp1) plays a critical role in this process. Results from co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that the activation of SR-BI was associated with Sp1-recruited protein complexes in the promoter region of SR-BI, where histone acetyltransferase p300 was recruited and histone deacetylase HDAC1 was dismissed. As a result, histone acetylation increased, leading to activation of SR-BI transcription. With further investigation, we found that LDL phosphorylated Sp1 through ERK1/2 pathway, which affected Sp1 protein complexes formation in SR-BI promoter. Using mass spectrometry and site directed mutagenesis, a new Sp1 phosphorylation site Ser702 was defined to be associated with Sp1-HDAC1 interaction and may be important in SR-BI activation, shedding light on the knowledge of delicate mechanism of hepatic HDL receptor SR-BI gene modulation by LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China.
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Gray LR, Cowley D, Welsh C, Lu HK, Brew BJ, Lewin SR, Wesselingh SL, Gorry PR, Churchill MJ. CNS-specific regulatory elements in brain-derived HIV-1 strains affect responses to latency-reversing agents with implications for cure strategies. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:574-84. [PMID: 26303660 PMCID: PMC4804184 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Latency-reversing agents (LRAs), including histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), are being investigated as a strategy to eliminate latency in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The effectiveness of LRAs in activating latent infection in HIV strains derived from the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown. Here we show that CNS-derived HIV-1 strains possess polymorphisms within and surrounding the Sp transcription factor motifs in the long terminal repeat (LTR). These polymorphisms result in decreased ability of the transcription factor specificity protein 1 to bind CNS-derived LTRs, reducing the transcriptional activity of CNS-derived viruses. These mutations result in CNS-derived viruses being less responsive to activation by the HDACi panobinostat and romidepsin compared with lymphoid-derived viruses from the same subjects. Our findings suggest that HIV-1 strains residing in the CNS have unique transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, which impact the regulation of latency, the consideration of which is essential for the development of HIV-1 eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Gray
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Cowley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Welsh
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H K Lu
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B J Brew
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Peter Duncan Neurosciences Unit, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S R Lewin
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S L Wesselingh
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P R Gorry
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,School of Applied Sciences and Program in Metabolism, Exercise and Disease, Health Initiatives Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M J Churchill
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. E-mail:
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Zhao ZD, Zan LS, Li AN, Cheng G, Li SJ, Zhang YR, Wang XY, Zhang YY. Characterization of the promoter region of the bovine long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 gene: Roles of E2F1, Sp1, KLF15, and E2F4. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19661. [PMID: 26782942 PMCID: PMC4726046 DOI: 10.1038/srep19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional value and eating qualities of beef are enhanced when the unsaturated fatty acid content of fat is increased. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) plays key roles in fatty acid transport and degradation, as well as lipid synthesis. It has been identified as a plausible functional and positional candidate gene for manipulations of fatty acid composition in bovine skeletal muscle. In the present study, we determined that bovine ACSL1was highly expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus thoracis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in bovine ACSL1 regulation, we cloned and characterized the promoter region of ACSL1. Applying 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA end analysis (RACE), we identified multiple transcriptional start sites (TSSs) in its promoter region. Using a series of 5′ deletion promoter plasmids in luciferase reporter assays, we found that the proximal minimal promoter of ACSL1 was located within the region −325/−141 relative to the TSS and it was also located in the predicted CpG island. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that E2F1, Sp1, KLF15 and E2F4 binding to the promoter region drives ACSL1 transcription. Together these interactions integrate and frame a key functional role for ACSL1 in mediating the lipid composition of beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Turrini F, Marelli S, Kajaste-Rudnitski A, Lusic M, Van Lint C, Das AT, Harwig A, Berkhout B, Vicenzi E. HIV-1 transcriptional silencing caused by TRIM22 inhibition of Sp1 binding to the viral promoter. Retrovirology 2015; 12:104. [PMID: 26683615 PMCID: PMC4683785 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular defense proteins, also referred to as restriction factors, are capable of interfering with different steps of the viral life cycle. Among these, we have shown that Tripartite motif 22 (TRIM22) suppresses basal as well as phorbol ester-induced HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-mediated transcription, independently of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) binding to the U3 region and Tat interaction with the TAR region of the HIV-1 LTR. As basal HIV-1 transcription is driven by the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1), we have investigated whether TRIM22 could interfere with Sp1-driven transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 LTR. FINDINGS 293T cells, devoid of endogenous TRIM22 expression, were transfected with a TRIM22-expressing plasmid together with reporter plasmids driven by the HIV-1 LTR promoter either containing or lacking Sp1 binding sites or with reporter plasmids driven by non-viral promoter sequences either containing or lacking the three Sp1 binding sites from the HIV-1 LTR. These reporter assays showed that TRIM22 efficiently inhibited Sp1-driven transcription. Knocking down TRIM22 expression in the CD4(+) SupT1 T cell line increased the replication of Sp1-dependent HIV-1 variants. TRIM22 did not interact with Sp1, but prevented binding of Sp1 to the HIV-1 promoter, as demonstrated in protein-DNA pull down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. CONCLUSION TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 LTR-driven transcription by preventing Sp1 binding to the HIV-1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Turrini
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n.58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Marelli
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n.58, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Viral Oncology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n.58, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Lusic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg and German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Atze T Das
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alex Harwig
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, P2-P3 Laboratories, DIBIT, Via Olgettina n.58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Meckbach C, Tacke R, Hua X, Waack S, Wingender E, Gültas M. PC-TraFF: identification of potentially collaborating transcription factors using pointwise mutual information. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:400. [PMID: 26627005 PMCID: PMC4667426 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulatory proteins that govern transcriptional regulation. Today, it is known that in higher organisms different TFs have to cooperate rather than acting individually in order to control complex genetic programs. The identification of these interactions is an important challenge for understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulating biological processes. In this study, we present a new method based on pointwise mutual information, PC-TraFF, which considers the genome as a document, the sequences as sentences, and TF binding sites (TFBSs) as words to identify interacting TFs in a set of sequences. Results To demonstrate the effectiveness of PC-TraFF, we performed a genome-wide analysis and a breast cancer-associated sequence set analysis for protein coding and miRNA genes. Our results show that in any of these sequence sets, PC-TraFF is able to identify important interacting TF pairs, for most of which we found support by previously published experimental results. Further, we made a pairwise comparison between PC-TraFF and three conventional methods. The outcome of this comparison study strongly suggests that all these methods focus on different important aspects of interaction between TFs and thus the pairwise overlap between any of them is only marginal. Conclusions In this study, adopting the idea from the field of linguistics in the field of bioinformatics, we develop a new information theoretic method, PC-TraFF, for the identification of potentially collaborating transcription factors based on the idiosyncrasy of their binding site distributions on the genome. The results of our study show that PC-TraFF can succesfully identify known interacting TF pairs and thus its currently biologically uncorfirmed predictions could provide new hypotheses for further experimental validation. Additionally, the comparison of the results of PC-TraFF with the results of previous methods demonstrates that different methods with their specific scopes can perfectly supplement each other. Overall, our analyses indicate that PC-TraFF is a time-efficient method where its algorithm has a tractable computational time and memory consumption. The PC-TraFF server is freely accessible at http://pctraff.bioinf.med.uni-goettingen.de/ Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0827-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Meckbach
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Tacke
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Xu Hua
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Stephan Waack
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 7, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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Jin L, Datta PK. Oncogenic STRAP functions as a novel negative regulator of E-cadherin and p21(Cip1) by modulating the transcription factor Sp1. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3909-20. [PMID: 25483064 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.973310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the identification of a novel WD-domain protein, STRAP that plays a role in maintenance of mesenchymal morphology by regulating E-cadherin and that enhances tumorigenicity partly by downregulating CDK inhibitor p21(Cip1). However, the functional mechanism of regulation of E-cadherin and p21(Cip1) by STRAP is unknown. Here, we have employed STRAP knock out and knockdown cell models (mouse embryonic fibroblast, human cancer cell lines) to show how STRAP downregulates E-cadherin and p21(Cip1) by abrogating the binding of Sp1 to its consensus binding sites. Moreover, ChIP assays suggest that STRAP recruits HDAC1 to Sp1 binding sites in p21(Cip1) promoter. Interestingly, loss of STRAP can stabilize Sp1 by repressing its ubiquitination in G1 phase, resulting in an enhanced expression of p21(Cip1) by >4.5-fold and cell cycle arrest. Using Bioinformatics and Microarray analyses, we have observed that 87% mouse genes downregulated by STRAP have conserved Sp1 binding sites. In NSCLC, the expression levels of STRAP inversely correlated with that of Sp1 (60%). These results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation of E-cadherin and p21(Cip1) by STRAP by modulating Sp1-dependent transcription, and higher expression of STRAP in lung cancer may contribute to downregulation of E-cadherin and p21(Cip1) and to tumor progression.
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Key Words
- CDK2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2
- CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- HDAC1, histone deacetylase 1
- HDAC2, histone deacetylase 2
- HDAC3, histone deacetylase 3
- HNF4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- NF-YA, nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- RNase, A ribonuclease A
- RhoA, Ras homolog gene family, member A
- STRAP
- STRAP, serine threonine kinase receptor-associated protein
- SWI/SNF, SWItch/Sucrose nonfermentable
- Sp/KLF, specificity protein/Krüppel-like factor
- Sp1
- Sp1, specificity protein 1
- TSA, trichostatin A
- TSS, transcription start site
- TβR I, II, TGF-β receptor I, II
- cell cycle
- p300/CBP, p300/ CREB-binding protein
- transcription factor
- ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology; Department of Medicine; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA
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Vizcaíno C, Mansilla S, Portugal J. Sp1 transcription factor: A long-standing target in cancer chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:111-24. [PMID: 25960131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sp1 (specificity protein 1) is a well-known member of a family of transcription factors that also includes Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4, which are implicated in an ample variety of essential biological processes and have been proven important in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Sp1 activates the transcription of many cellular genes that contain putative CG-rich Sp-binding sites in their promoters. Sp1 and Sp3 proteins bind to similar, if not the same, DNA tracts and compete for binding, thus they can enhance or repress gene expression. Evidences exist that the Sp-family of proteins regulates the expression of genes that play pivotal roles in cell proliferation and metastasis of various tumors. In patients with a variety of cancers, high levels of Sp1 protein are considered a negative prognostic factor. A plethora of compounds can interfere with the trans-activating activities of Sp1 and other Sp proteins on gene expression. Several pathways are involved in the down-regulation of Sp proteins by compounds with different mechanisms of action, which include not only the direct interference with the binding of Sp proteins to their putative DNA binding sites, but also promoting the degradation of Sp protein factors. Down-regulation of Sp transcription factors and Sp1-regulated genes is drug-dependent and it is determined by the cell context. The acknowledgment that several of those compounds are safe enough might accelerate their introduction into clinical usage in patients with tumors that over-express Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vizcaíno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvia Mansilla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Portugal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Epigenetic inactivation of pivotal genes involved in cell growth is a hallmark of human pathologies, in particular cancer. Histone acetylation balance obtained through opposing actions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases is one epigenetic mechanism controlling gene expression and is, thus, associated with disease etiology and progression. Interfering pharmacologically with HDAC activity can correct abnormalities in cell proliferation, migration, vascularization, and death. RECENT ADVANCES Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) represent a new class of cytostatic agents that interfere with the function of HDACs and are able to increase gene expression by indirectly inducing histone acetylation. Several HDACi, alone or in combination with DNA-demethylating agents, chemopreventive, or classical chemotherapeutic drugs, are currently being used in clinical trials for solid and hematological malignancies, and are, thus, promising candidates for cancer therapy. CRITICAL ISSUES (i) Non-specific (off-target) HDACi effects due to activities unassociated with HDAC inhibition. (ii) Advantages/disadvantages of non-selective or isoform-directed HDACi. (iii) Limited number of response-predictive biomarkers. (iv) Toxicity leading to dysfunction of critical biological processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Selective HDACi could achieve enhanced clinical utility by reducing or eliminating the serious side effects associated with current first-generation non-selective HDACi. Isoform-selective and pan-HDACi candidates might benefit from the identification of biomarkers, enabling better patient stratification and prediction of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Benedetti
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli, Italy .,2 Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Napoli, Italy
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GCDCA down-regulates gene expression by increasing Sp1 binding to the NOS-3 promoter in an oxidative stress dependent manner. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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