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Arman S, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. A review of electrochemical impedance as a tool for examining cell biology and subcellular mechanisms: merits, limits, and future prospects. Analyst 2024; 149:269-289. [PMID: 38015145 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein the development of cellular impedance biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the general principles and terms associated with the cell-electrode interface is reviewed. This family of techniques provides quantitative and sensitive information into cell responses to stimuli in real-time with high temporal resolution. The applications of cell-based impedance biosensors as a readout in cell biology is illustrated with a diverse range of examples. The current state of the field, its limitations, the possible available solutions, and the potential benefits of developing biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedyousef Arman
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
- Australia Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
- Australia Centre for Nanomedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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2
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Cellular electrical impedance to profile SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors and to assess the fusogenic potential of spike mutants. Antiviral Res 2023; 213:105587. [PMID: 36977434 PMCID: PMC10040089 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vaccination campaigns for COVID-19, we still cannot control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, as evidenced by the ongoing circulation of the Omicron variants of concern. This highlights the need for broad-spectrum antivirals to further combat COVID-19 and to be prepared for a new pandemic with a (re-)emerging coronavirus. An interesting target for antiviral drug development is the fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membranes, a crucial early step in the replication cycle of coronaviruses. In this study, we explored the use of cellular electrical impedance (CEI) to quantitatively monitor morphological changes in real time, resulting from cell-cell fusion elicited by SARS-CoV-2 spike. The impedance signal in CEI-quantified cell-cell fusion correlated with the expression level of SARS-CoV-2 spike in transfected HEK293T cells. For antiviral assessment, we validated the CEI assay with the fusion inhibitor EK1 and measured a concentration-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike mediated cell-cell fusion (IC50 value of 0.13 μM). In addition, CEI was used to confirm the fusion inhibitory activity of the carbohydrate-binding plant lectin UDA against SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 value of 0.55 μM), which complements prior in-house profiling activities. Finally, we explored the utility of CEI in quantifying the fusogenic potential of mutant spike proteins and in comparing the fusion efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In summary, we demonstrate that CEI is a powerful and sensitive technology that can be applied to studying the fusion process of SARS-CoV-2 and to screening and characterizing fusion inhibitors in a label-free and non-invasive manner.
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Miller JL, Kanke M, Rauner G, Bakhle KM, Sethupathy P, Van de Walle GR. Comparative Analysis of microRNAs that Stratify in vitro Mammary stem and Progenitor Activity Reveals Functionality of Human miR-92b-3p. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:253-269. [PMID: 36190643 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary stem/progenitor cells are fundamental for mammary gland development and function. However, much remains to be elucidated regarding their function in mammals beyond the traditionally studied rodents, human, and to a lesser extent, ruminants. Due to the growing appreciation for microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of stem cells and their progenitors, we compared miRNA expression in mammary stem/progenitor cells from mammals with varying mammary stem/progenitor activity in vitro, in order to identify miRNA candidates that regulate stem/progenitor self-renewal and function. Mammosphere-derived epithelial cells (MDECs), which are primary cell lines enriched in mammary stem and progenitor cells, were generated from six mammalian species (i.e., cow, human, pig, horse, dog, and rat) and small RNA sequencing was performed. We identified 9 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in MDEC cultures with a low versus high mammary stem/progenitor activity. miR-92b-3p was selected for functional follow-up studies, as this miRNA is understudied in primary mammary cells but has well-described gene targets that are known to regulate mammary stem/progenitor activity. Altering the expression of miR-92b-3p in MDECs from species with low stem/progenitor activity (human and cow) and those with high stem/progenitor activity (dog and rat) via inhibition and overexpression, respectively, resulted in significantly decreased mammosphere formation of human MDECs, but showed no significant effects in cow, dog, or rat MDECs. This study is the first to perform small RNA sequencing in MDECs from various mammals and highlights that conserved miRNAs can have different functions in mammary stem/progenitor cells across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Ithaca , United States
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Ithaca , United States
| | | | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Ithaca , United States.
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 14850, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) as a Convenient Tool to Assess the Potential of Low Molecular Fraction Derived from Medicinal Fungus Cerrena unicolor in Action on L929 and CT-26 Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196251. [PMID: 36234787 PMCID: PMC9571975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the incidence of cancer has contributed to the search for new therapeutic methods. In recent years, the use of preparations of natural origin from medical fungi has increased. One such active substance is the extracellular, low molecular active fraction obtained from the medicinal fungus Cerrena unicolor. This study aimed to monitor the pharmacokinetics of different concentrations of substances isolated from the medicinal fungus Cerrena unicolor (ex-LMS) using the ECIS technique. In the study, mouse L929 fibroblasts and colon cancer CT26 cell lines were treated with different concentrations of the active fractions obtained from Cerrena unicolor: C1 = 2.285 (μg/mL); C2 = 22.85 (μg/mL); and C3 = 228.5 (μg/mL). This study demonstrated that the tested preparation from Cerrena unicolor had no considerable effect on the resistance, capacitance, and impedance of L929 fibroblast cells, which was an indicator of no significant effect on its physiological processes. At the same time, those parameters exhibited a decrease in colon cancer cell viability. Following our previous and current studies on Cerrena unicolor, ex-LMS extracts can be safely used in anticancer therapy or chemoprevention with no significant harmful effects on normal cells.
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Oeyen M, Meyen E, Doijen J, Schols D. In-Depth Characterization of Zika Virus Inhibitors Using Cell-Based Electrical Impedance. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0049122. [PMID: 35862960 PMCID: PMC9431523 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00491-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we use electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), an established cell-based electrical impedance (CEI) technology, to decipher the kinetic cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by Zika virus (ZIKV) in susceptible human A549 lung epithelial cells and to evaluate several classes of compounds with reported antiviral activity (two entry inhibitors and two replication inhibitors). To validate the assay, we compare the results with those obtained with more traditional in vitro methods based on cell viability and viral yield readouts. We demonstrate that CEI can detect viral infection in a sensitive manner and can be used to determine antiviral potency. Moreover, CEI has multiple benefits compared to conventional assays: the technique is less laborious and better at visualizing the dynamic antiviral activity profile of the compounds, while also it has the ability to determine interesting time points that can be selected as endpoints in assays without continuous readout. We describe several parameters to characterize the compounds' cytotoxicity and their antiviral activity profile. In addition, the CEI patterns provide valuable additional information about the presumed mechanism of action of these compounds. Finally, as a proof of concept, we used CEI to evaluate the antiviral activity of a small series of compounds, for which we demonstrate that the sulfonated polymer PRO2000 inhibits ZIKV with a response profile representative for a viral entry inhibitor. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that CEI is a powerful technology to evaluate and characterize compounds against ZIKV replication in a real-time, label-free, and noninvasive manner. IMPORTANCE Zika virus can cause serious disease in humans. Unfortunately, no antiviral drugs are available to treat infection. Here, we use an impedance-based method to continuously monitor virus infection in-and damage to-human cells. We can determine the Zika viral dose with this technique and also evaluate whether antiviral compounds protect the cells from damage caused by virus replication. We also show that this technique can be used to further unravel the characteristics of these compounds, such as their toxicity to the cells, and that it might even give further insight in their mechanism of antiviral action. Finally, we also find a novel Zika virus inhibitor, PRO2000. Overall, in this study, we use the impedance technology to-for the first time-evaluate compounds with anti-Zika virus properties, and therefore it can add valuable information in the further search for antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Oeyen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eef Meyen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi Doijen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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Szittner Z, Péter B, Kurunczi S, Székács I, Horváth R. Functional blood cell analysis by label-free biosensors and single-cell technologies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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7
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Ledbetter EC, Badanes ZI, Chan RX, Donohue LK, Hayot NL, Harman RM, Van de Walle GR, Mohammed HO. Comparative Efficacy of Topical Ophthalmic Ganciclovir and Oral Famciclovir in Cats with Experimental Ocular Feline Herpesvirus-1 Epithelial Infection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:339-347. [PMID: 35613418 PMCID: PMC9242719 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the comparative efficacy of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and famciclovir oral tablets in cats with experimentally induced ocular feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) epithelial infection. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed using 16 nonvaccinated, specific pathogen-free cats with experimental FHV-1 infection induced by topical ocular inoculation. Cats received topical ganciclovir 0.15% ophthalmic gel (1 drop 3 times daily, n = 6 cats), oral famciclovir (90 mg/kg twice daily, n = 6), or topical artificial tear gel (1 drop 3 times daily, n = 4) for 14 days. Cats were monitored after inoculation for 30 days. Ophthalmic examinations were performed every 2 days and ocular disease scores calculated. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed, and corneal leukocyte infiltrates quantified. Ocular samples for FHV-1 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and virus isolation assays were collected every 3 days. Hemograms and serum biochemistry panels were performed at intervals. Results: Clinical ocular disease scores and corneal leukocyte infiltrates were significantly lower in the ganciclovir and famciclovir groups compared with placebo, but no significant differences were detected between the antiviral treatment groups. Ocular viral loads determined by qPCR were significantly lower in the ganciclovir group compared with the placebo group, but there were no significant differences between the other study groups. Hemograms and biochemistry panels were unremarkable. Conclusion: Topical application of ganciclovir gel 3 times daily was well-tolerated and displayed similar efficacy at reducing clinical ocular disease scores and corneal inflammation as twice daily oral famciclovir treatment in cats with experimental ocular FHV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zachary I. Badanes
- Department of Clinical Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Remington X. Chan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Laura K. Donohue
- Department of Clinical Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nathalie L. Hayot
- Department of Clinical Sciences and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hussni O. Mohammed
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Hordyjewska A, Prendecka-Wróbel M, Kurach Ł, Horecka A, Olszewska A, Pigoń-Zając D, Małecka-Massalska T, Kurzepa J. Antiproliferative Properties of Triterpenoids by ECIS Method—A New Promising Approach in Anticancer Studies? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103150. [PMID: 35630627 PMCID: PMC9146930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing is an advanced in vitro impedance measuring system which uses alternating current to determine behavior of cells in physiological conditions. In this study, we used the abovementioned method for checking the anticancer activities of betulin and betulinic acid, which are some of the most commonly found triterpenes in nature. In our experiment, the threshold concentrations of betulin required to elicit antiproliferative effects, verified by MTT and LDH release methods, were 7.8 µM for breast cancer (T47D), 9.5 µM for lung carcinoma (A549), and 21.3 µM for normal epithelial cells (Vero). The ECIS results revealed the great potential of betulin and betulinic acid’s antitumor properties and their maintenance of cytotoxic substances to the breast cancer T47D line. Moreover, both substances showed a negligible toxic effect on healthy epithelial cells (Vero). Our investigation showed that the ECIS method is a proper alternative to the currently used assay for testing in vitro anticancer activity of compounds, and that it should thus be introduced in cellular routine research. It is also a valuable tool for live-monitoring changes in the morphology and physiology of cells, which translates into the accurate development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Prendecka-Wróbel
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Łukasz Kurach
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814486196
| | - Anna Horecka
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Dominika Pigoń-Zając
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Teresa Małecka-Massalska
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
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Yi J, Lee S, Lee JY. Biomimetic polypyrrole/hyaluronic acid electrodes integrated with hyaluronidase inhibitors offer persistent electroactivity and resistance to cell binding. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1591-1600. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conductive polymers, including polypyrrole (PPy), have garnered much attention as bioelectrodes because of their high conductivity, low interfacial resistance, environmental stability, and biocompatibility. In particular, the introduction of high-molecular weight...
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Schultz A, Knoll T, Urban A, Schuck H, von Briesen H, Germann A, Velten T. Novel Cost-Efficient Graphene-Based Impedance Biosensor for the Analysis of Viral Cytopathogenicity and the Effect of Antiviral Drugs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:718889. [PMID: 34381768 PMCID: PMC8350578 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.718889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensors become increasingly relevant for medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental technology, for example, to test new drugs easily and reliably or to detect cell growth in changing environmental conditions. Novel materials like graphene are promising candidates to produce biosensors on an industrial scale by means of printing processes. To reach this aim, methods for the reliable and automated production of electrode structures and their coating are required. We present an impedance biosensor in the format of a microtiter plate, fabricated by highly efficient roll-to-roll printing of graphene-based microstructures on large-area polymer foils. Proof-of-principle experiments show the evidence of the suitability of the printed graphene biosensors for impedance-based monitoring of viral cytopathogenicity and its inhibition in the presence of antiviral drugs. The developed system is a promising approach toward cost-efficient impedimetric biosensors for high-throughput screening in vaccine research and antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schultz
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Thorsten Knoll
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Herbert Schuck
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Anja Germann
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Velten
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
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11
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Purtscher M, Rothbauer M, Kratz SRA, Bailey A, Lieberzeit P, Ertl P. A microfluidic impedance-based extended infectivity assay: combining retroviral amplification and cytopathic effect monitoring on a single lab-on-a-chip platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1364-1372. [PMID: 33566877 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection, quantification and monitoring of virus - host cell interactions are of great importance when evaluating the safety of pharmaceutical products. With the wide usage of viral based vector systems in combination with mammalian cell lines for the production of biopharmaceuticals, the presence of replication competent viral particles needs to be avoided and potential hazards carefully assessed. Consequently, regulatory agencies recommend viral clearance studies using plaque assays or TCID50 assays to evaluate the efficiency of the production process in removing viruses. While plaque assays provide reliable information on the presence of viral contaminations, they are still tedious to perform and can take up to two weeks to finish. To overcome some of these limitations, we have automated, miniaturized and integrated the dual cell culture bioassay into a common lab-on-a-chip platform containing embedded electrical sensor arrays to enrich and detect infectious viruses. Results of our microfluidic single step assay show that a significant reduction in assay time down to 3 to 4 days can be achieved using simultaneous cell-based viral amplification, release and detection of cytopathic effects in a target cell line. We further demonstrate the enhancing effect of continuous fluid flow on infection of PG-4 reporter cells by newly formed and highly active virions by M. dunni cells, thus pointing to the importance of physical relevant viral-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Purtscher
- University of Applied Sciences FH Technikum Wien, Höchstädtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Stupin DD, Kuzina EA, Abelit AA, Emelyanov AK, Nikolaev DM, Ryazantsev MN, Koniakhin SV, Dubina MV. Bioimpedance Spectroscopy: Basics and Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1962-1986. [PMID: 33749256 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to introduce the reader to the technique of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a focus on its biological, biomaterials, and medical applications. We explain the theoretical and experimental aspects of the EIS with the details essential for biological studies, i.e., interaction of metal electrodes with biological matter and liquids, strategies of measurement rate increasing, noise reduction in bio-EIS experiments, etc. We also give various examples of successful bio-EIS practical implementations in science and technology, from whole-body health monitoring and sensors for vision prosthetic care to single living cell examination platforms, virus disease research, biomolecules detection, and implementation of novel biomaterials. The present review can be used as a bio-EIS tutorial for students as well as a handbook for scientists and engineers because of the extensive references covering the contemporary research papers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil D Stupin
- Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kuzina
- Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Anna A Abelit
- Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Anton K Emelyanov
- Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia.,Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo Street. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Dmitrii M Nikolaev
- Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Ryazantsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii pr, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Sergei V Koniakhin
- Alferov University, 8/3 Khlopina Street, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia.,Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
| | - Michael V Dubina
- Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparation of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Pudozhskaya 7, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
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Morgan K, Gamal W, Samuel K, Morley SD, Hayes PC, Bagnaninchi P, Plevris JN. Application of Impedance-Based Techniques in Hepatology Research. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010050. [PMID: 31878354 PMCID: PMC7019217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a variety of end-point assays and techniques available to monitor hepatic cell cultures and study toxicity within in vitro models. These commonly focus on one aspect of cell metabolism and are often destructive to cells. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCAs) assess biological functions of cell populations in real-time by measuring electrical impedance, which is the resistance to alternating current caused by the dielectric properties of proliferating of cells. While the uses of IBCA have been widely reported for a number of tissues, specific uses in the study of hepatic cell cultures have not been reported to date. IBCA monitors cellular behaviour throughout experimentation non-invasively without labelling or damage to cell cultures. The data extrapolated from IBCA can be correlated to biological events happening within the cell and therefore may inform drug toxicity studies or other applications within hepatic research. Because tight junctions comprise the blood/biliary barrier in hepatocytes, there are major consequences when these junctions are disrupted, as many pathologies centre around the bile canaliculi and flow of bile out of the liver. The application of IBCA in hepatology provides a unique opportunity to assess cellular polarity and patency of tight junctions, vital to maintaining normal hepatic function. Here, we describe how IBCAs have been applied to measuring the effect of viral infection, drug toxicity /IC50, cholangiopathies, cancer metastasis and monitoring of the gut-liver axis. We also highlight key areas of research where IBCAs could be used in future applications within the field of hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Morgan
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wesam Gamal
- James Nasmyth Building, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Kay Samuel
- The Jack Copland Centre, Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, 52 Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4BE, UK;
| | - Steven D. Morley
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Peter C. Hayes
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - John N. Plevris
- The University of Edinburgh Hepatology Laboratory, Division of Heath Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Chancellor’s Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (S.D.M.); (P.C.H.); (J.N.P.)
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Hedayatipour A, Aslanzadeh S, McFarlane N. CMOS based whole cell impedance sensing: Challenges and future outlook. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111600. [PMID: 31479988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing need for multi-analyte point-of-care diagnosis devices, cell impedance measurement is a promising technique for integration with other sensing modalities. In this comprehensive review, the theory underlying cell impedance sensing, including the history, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based implementations, and applications are critically assessed. Whole cell impedance sensing, also known as electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) or electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is an approach for studying and diagnosing living cells in in-vitro and in-vivo environments. The technique is popular since it is label-free, non-invasive, and low cost when compared to standard biochemical assays. CMOS cell impedance measurement systems have been focused on expanding their applications to numerous aspects of biological, environmental, and food safety applications. This paper presents and evaluates circuit topologies for whole cell impedance measurement. The presented review compares several existing CMOS designs, including the classification, measurement speed, and sensitivity of varying topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hedayatipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Shaghayegh Aslanzadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole McFarlane
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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15
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Spertus CB, Pennington MR, Van de Walle GR, Badanes ZI, Judd BE, Mohammed HO, Ledbetter EC. Effects of orally administered raltegravir in cats with experimentally induced ocular and respiratory feline herpesvirus-1 infection. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:490-497. [PMID: 31034270 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.5.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of orally administered raltegravir in cats with experimentally induced ocular and respiratory feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection. ANIMALS 14 healthy 6-month-old unvaccinated specific pathogen-free cats. PROCEDURES On day 0, all cats were experimentally inoculated by topical application of 0.1 mL of a solution containing 106 plaque-forming units of FHV-1 strain FH2CS to the inferior conjunctival fornix of each eye. Cats were randomly assigned to receive either raltegravir (80 mg; n = 7) or lactose (250 mg; vehicle; 7), PO, every 12 hours for 14 days beginning on day 1. Cats were assigned clinical ocular and respiratory disease scores every other day from days 0 to 30. Conjunctival swab specimens were collected for detection of FHV-1 by virus isolation and real-time PCR assay at 3-day intervals from days 0 to 30. Confocal microscopy was performed on days 0 and 10 to assess corneal epithelial leukocyte infiltration. The assessed variables and duration of FHV-1 shedding were compared between the 2 treatment groups. RESULTS Cats in both groups developed moderate to severe conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis characteristic of FHV-1 infection. Median duration of FHV-1 shedding was shorter and signs of ocular and respiratory disease were less severe for raltegravir-treated cats than for vehicle-treated cats. However, the mean conjunctival FHV-1 titer and corneal epithelial leukocyte count did not differ between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested orally administered raltegravir might be effective for alleviation of ocular and respiratory signs of FHV-1 infection in cats. (Am J Vet Res 2019;80:490-497).
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16
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Investigating the Effects of Stove Emissions on Ocular and Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1870. [PMID: 30755694 PMCID: PMC6372759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a third of the world’s population relies on solid fuels for cooking and heating, with major health consequences. Although solid fuel combustion emissions are known to increase the prevalence of illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, however, their effect on the eyes is underexplored. This study assesses the acute toxicity of solid fuel combustion emissions on healthy ocular cells and a cancer cell line. Three healthy ocular cell lines (corneal, lens, and retinal epithelial cells) and a cancer cell line (Chinese hamster ovary cells) were exposed to liquid and gas phase emissions from applewood and coal combustion. Following the exposure, real-time cell attachment behavior was monitored for at least 120 hours with electrical cell impedance spectroscopy. The viability of the cells, amount of apoptotic cells, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with MTT, ApoTox-Glo, and ROS-Glo H2O2 assays, respectively. The results showed that coal emissions compromised the viability of ocular cells more than applewood emissions. Interestingly, the cancer cells, although their viability was not compromised, generated 1.7 to 2.7 times more ROS than healthy cells. This acute exposure study provides compelling proof that biomass combustion emissions compromise the viability of ocular cells and increase ROS generation. The increased ROS generation was fatal for ocular cells, but it promoted the growth of cancer cells.
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17
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Ayala-Charca G, Munidasa S, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Magerowski S. A high-throughput impedimetric platform for cellular analysis: Design, Implementation and Experimental Results. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:4261-4264. [PMID: 30441295 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8513396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput impedance spectroscopy measurement system was designed and developed for the purpose of biological analysis. This platform consists of a microchip containing a microelectrode array and a multiplexing interface system. Herein we put forward the proposed platform and demonstrate its functionality by performing impedance analysis using N2a cells and its associated medium. The early experimental results demonstrated the high-through impedimetric system to be a strong basis for future modification and development.
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18
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Thieulent CJ, Hue ES, Fortier CI, Dallemagne P, Zientara S, Munier-Lehmann H, Hans A, Fortier GD, Pitel PH, Vidalain PO, Pronost SL. Screening and evaluation of antiviral compounds against Equid alpha-herpesviruses using an impedance-based cellular assay. Virology 2018; 526:105-116. [PMID: 30388626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equid alpha-herpesviruses (EHV) are responsible for different diseases in equine population. EHV-1 causes respiratory diseases, abortions and nervous disorders, EHV-4 causes respiratory diseases and sporadic abortion, while EHV-3 is responsible of equine coital exanthema. In view of the lack of efficacy of vaccines against EHV-1 and EHV-4 and in the absence of vaccines against EHV-3, the use of antiviral treatment is of great interest. In this study, we documented the interest of the Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) technology to monitor the cytopathic effects induced by these viruses on equine dermal cells, and established the efficacy of this method to evaluate the antiviral effect of aciclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV). In addition, the RTCA technology has also been found appropriate for the high-throughput screening of small molecules against EHV, allowing the identification of spironolactone as a novel antiviral against EHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Côme J Thieulent
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Erika S Hue
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Christine I Fortier
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | | | - Stéphan Zientara
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRA, ENVA, UMR 1161 Virologie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, CNRS UMR 3523, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Hans
- ANSES, Laboratoire de pathologie équine de Dozulé, Unité de virologie et parasitologie équine, 14430 Dozulé, France
| | - Guillaume D Fortier
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | | | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8601, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane L Pronost
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN EA7450, 14280 Saint-Contest, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ImpedanCELL core facility, SF 4206 ICORE, 14280 Saint-Contest, France.
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19
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The HIV Integrase Inhibitor Raltegravir Inhibits Felid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Replication by Targeting both DNA Replication and Late Gene Expression. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00994-18. [PMID: 30045987 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00994-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaherpesvirus-associated ocular infections in humans caused by human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) remain challenging to treat due to the frequency of drug application required and the potential for the selection of drug-resistant viruses. Repurposing on-the-market drugs is a viable strategy to accelerate the pace of drug development. It has been reported that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase inhibitor raltegravir inhibits HHV-1 replication by targeting the DNA polymerase accessory factor and limits terminase-mediated genome cleavage of human betaherpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). We have previously shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that raltegravir can also inhibit the replication of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), a common ocular pathogen of cats with a pathogenesis similar to that of HHV-1 ocular disease. In contrast to what was reported for HHV-1, we were unable to select for a raltegravir-resistant FeHV-1 strain in order to define any basis for drug action. A candidate-based approach to explore the mode of action of raltegravir against FeHV-1 showed that raltegravir did not impact FeHV-1 terminase function, as described for HHV-5. Instead, raltegravir inhibited DNA replication, similarly to HHV-1, but by targeting the initiation of viral DNA replication rather than elongation. In addition, we found that raltegravir specifically repressed late gene expression independently of DNA replication, and both activities are consistent with inhibition of ICP8. Taken together, these results suggest that raltegravir could be a valuable therapeutic agent against herpesviruses.IMPORTANCE The rise of drug-resistant herpesviruses is a longstanding concern, particularly among immunocompromised patients. Therefore, therapies targeting viral proteins other than the DNA polymerase that may be less likely to lead to drug-resistant viruses are urgently needed. Using FeHV-1, an alphaherpesvirus closely related to HHV-1 that similarly causes ocular herpes in its natural host, we found that the HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir targets different stages of the virus life cycle beyond DNA replication and that it does so without developing drug resistance under the conditions tested. This shows that the drug could provide a viable strategy for the treatment of herpesvirus infections.
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20
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Reiman JM, Das B, Sindberg GM, Urban MD, Hammerlund MEM, Lee HB, Spring KM, Lyman-Gingerich J, Generous AR, Koep TH, Ewing K, Lilja P, Enders FT, Ekker SC, Huskins WC, Fadel HJ, Pierret C. Humidity as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for influenza A. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204337. [PMID: 30252890 PMCID: PMC6155525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a global problem infecting 5–10% of adults and 20–30% of children annually. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are attractive approaches to complement vaccination in the prevention and reduction of influenza. Strong cyclical reduction of absolute humidity has been associated with influenza outbreaks in temperate climates. This study tested the hypothesis that raising absolute humidity above seasonal lows would impact influenza virus survival and transmission in a key source of influenza virus distribution, a community school. Air samples and objects handled by students (e.g. blocks and markers) were collected from preschool classrooms. All samples were processed and PCR used to determine the presence of influenza virus and its amount. Additionally samples were tested for their ability to infect cells in cultures. We observed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the total number of influenza A virus positive samples (air and fomite) and viral genome copies upon humidification as compared to control rooms. This suggests the future potential of artificial humidification as a possible strategy to control influenza outbreaks in temperate climates. There were 2.3 times as many ILI cases in the control rooms compared to the humidified rooms, and whether there is a causal relationship, and its direction between the number of cases and levels of influenza virus in the rooms is not known. Additional research is required, but this is the first prospective study suggesting that exogenous humidification could serve as a scalable NPI for influenza or other viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Reiman
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Biswadeep Das
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gregory M. Sindberg
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Madeleine E. M. Hammerlund
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Han B. Lee
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Katie M. Spring
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jamie Lyman-Gingerich
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin- Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Generous
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tyler H. Koep
- Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ewing
- Aldrich Memorial Nursery School, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Phil Lilja
- DriSteem, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Felicity T. Enders
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Ekker
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - W. Charles Huskins
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hind J. Fadel
- Department of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chris Pierret
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Pennington MR, Grenier JK, Van de Walle GR. Transcriptome profiling of alphaherpesvirus-infected cells treated with the HIV-integrase inhibitor raltegravir reveals profound and specific alterations in host transcription. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1115-1128. [PMID: 29916804 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-microbial compounds typically exert their action by directly interfering with one or more stages of the pathogen's life cycle. However, some compounds also have secondary effects on the host that aid in pathogen clearance. Raltegravir is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-integrase inhibitor that has been shown to alter the host immune response to HIV in addition to its direct antiviral effect. Interestingly, raltegravir can also directly inhibit the replication of various herpesviruses. However, the host-targeted effects of this drug in the context of a herpesvirus infection have not been explored. Here, we used felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), a close relative of human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) that similarly causes ocular herpes, to characterize the host-targeted effects of raltegravir on corneal epithelial cells during an alphaherpesvirus infection. Using RNA deep sequencing, we found that raltegravir specifically boosts the expression of anti-angiogenic factors and promotes metabolic homeostasis in FHV-1-infected cells. In contrast, few changes in host gene transcription were found in uninfected cells. Importantly, we were able to demonstrate that these effects were specific to raltegravir and independent of the direct-acting antiviral effect of the drug, since treatment with the DNA polymerase inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid did not induce these host-targeted effects. Taken together, these results indicate that raltegravir has profound and specific effects on the host transcription profile of herpesvirus-infected cells that may contribute to the overall antiviral activity of the drug and could provide therapeutic benefits in vivo. Furthermore, this study provides a framework for future efforts evaluating the host-targeted effects of anti-microbial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pennington
- 1Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- 1Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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22
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Chen YC, Sheng J, Trang P, Liu F. Potential Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System against Herpesvirus Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060291. [PMID: 29844277 PMCID: PMC6024784 DOI: 10.3390/v10060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied in the genome editing and disruption of latent infections for herpesviruses such as the herpes simplex virus, Epstein⁻Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. CRISPR/Cas9-directed mutagenesis can introduce similar types of mutations to the viral genome as can bacterial artificial chromosome recombination engineering, which maintains and reconstitutes the viral genome successfully. The cleavage mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 enables the manipulation of disease-associated viral strains with unprecedented efficiency and precision. Additionally, current therapies for herpesvirus productive and latent infections are limited in efficacy and cannot eradicate viruses. CRISPR/Cas9 is potentially adapted for antiviral treatment by specifically targeting viral genomes during latent infections. This review, which focuses on recently published progress, suggests that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is not only a useful tool for basic virology research, but also a promising strategy for the control and prevention of herpesvirus latent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Program in Comparative Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 10636, Taiwan.
| | - Jingxue Sheng
- Program in Comparative Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Phong Trang
- Program in Comparative Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Fenyong Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Program in Comparative Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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23
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Pennington MR, Ledbetter EC, Van de Walle GR. New Paradigms for the Study of Ocular Alphaherpesvirus Infections: Insights into the Use of Non-Traditional Host Model Systems. Viruses 2017; 9:E349. [PMID: 29156583 PMCID: PMC5707556 DOI: 10.3390/v9110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular herpesviruses, most notably human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1), canid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) and felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), infect and cause severe disease that may lead to blindness. CHV-1 and FHV-1 have a pathogenesis and induce clinical disease in their hosts that is similar to HSV-1 ocular infections in humans, suggesting that infection of dogs and cats with CHV-1 and FHV-1, respectively, can be used as a comparative natural host model of herpesvirus-induced ocular disease. In this review, we discuss both strengths and limitations of the various available model systems to study ocular herpesvirus infection, with a focus on the use of these non-traditional virus-natural host models. Recent work has demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of experimental ocular herpesvirus infections in dogs and cats, and, therefore, these non-traditional models can provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of ocular herpesvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pennington
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Eric C Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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