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Filippini F, Giacomelli M, Bazzani C, Fredi M, Semeraro P, Tomasi C, Franceschini F, Caruso A, Cavazzana I, Giagulli C. Efficacy of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in patients with autoimmune disorders: humoral and cellular immune response. BMC Med 2023; 21:210. [PMID: 37316832 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of immunosuppressive therapies on the efficacy of vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 is not completely clarified. We analyzed humoral and T cell-mediated response after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in immunosuppressed patients and patients with common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID). PATIENTS We enrolled 38 patients and 11 healthy sex- and age-matched controls (HC). Four patients were affected by CVID and 34 by chronic rheumatic diseases (RDs). All patients with RDs were treated by corticosteroid therapy and/or immunosuppressive treatment and/or biological drugs: 14 patients were treated with abatacept, 10 with rituximab, and 10 with tocilizumab. METHODS Total antibody titer to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, CD4 and CD4-CD8 T cell-mediated immune response was analyzed by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay, the production of IFN-γ-inducible (CXCL9 and CXCL10) and innate-immunity chemokines (MCP-1, CXCL8, and CCL5) by cytometric bead array after stimulation with different spike peptides. The expression of CD40L, CD137, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-17 on CD4 and CD8 T cells, evaluating their activation status, after SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides stimulation, was analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry staining. Cluster analysis identified cluster 1, namely the "high immunosuppression" cluster, and cluster 2, namely the "low immunosuppression" cluster. RESULTS After the second dose of vaccine, only abatacept-treated patients, compared to HC, showed a reduced anti-spike antibody response (mean: 432 IU/ml ± 562 vs mean: 1479 IU/ml ± 1051: p = 0.0034), and an impaired T cell response, compared with HC. In particular, we found a significantly reduced release of IFN-γ from CD4 and CD4-CD8 stimulated T cells, compared with HC (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0078, respectively), reduced production of CXCL10 and CXCL9 from stimulated CD4 (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.001) and CD4-CD8 T cells (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0006). Multivariable General Linear Model analysis confirmed a relationship between abatacept exposure and impaired production of CXCL9, CXCL10, and IFN-γ from stimulated T cells. Cluster analysis confirms that cluster 1 (including abatacept and half of rituximab treated cases) showed a reduced IFN-γ response, as well as reduced monocyte-derived chemokines All groups of patients demonstrated the ability to generate specific CD4 T activated cells after spike proteins stimulation. After the third dose of vaccine, abatacept-treated patients acquired the ability to produce a strong antibody response, showing an anti-S titer significantly higher compared to that obtained after the second dose (p = 0.0047), and comparable with the anti-S titer of the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with abatacept showed an impaired humoral immune response to two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The third vaccine dose has been demonstrated to be useful to induce a more robust antibody response to balance an impaired T cell-mediated one. All patients, exposed to different immunosuppressive drugs, were able to produce specific CD4-activated T cells, after spike proteins stimulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Local Ethical Committee NP4187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Filippini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomelli
- Section of Microbiology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Micaela Fredi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Semeraro
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Tomasi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Giagulli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Remodeling articular immune homeostasis with an efferocytosis-informed nanoimitator mitigates rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:817. [PMID: 36781864 PMCID: PMC9925448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive intra-articular infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages is a prominent feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lesions, which are thought to underlie articular immune dysfunction, severe synovitis and ultimately joint erosion. Here we report an efferocytosis-informed nanoimitator (EINI) for in situ targeted reprogramming of synovial inflammatory macrophages (SIMs) that thwarts their autoimmune attack and reestablishes articular immune homeostasis, which mitigates RA. The EINI consists of a drug-based core with an oxidative stress-responsive phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) corona and a shell composed of a P-selectin-blocking motif, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). When systemically administered, the LMWH on the EINI first binds to P-selectin overexpressed on the endothelium in subsynovial capillaries, which functions as an antagonist, disrupting neutrophil synovial trafficking. Due to the strong dysregulation of the synovial microvasculature, the EINI is subsequently enriched in the joint synovium where the shell is disassembled upon the reactive oxygen species stimulation, and PtdSer corona is then exposed. In an efferocytosis-like manner, the PtdSer-coroneted core is in turn phagocytosed by SIMs, which synergistically terminate SIM-initiated pathological cascades and serially reestablish intra-articular immune homeostasis, conferring a chondroprotective effect. These findings demonstrate that SIMs can be precisely remodeled via the efferocytosis-mimetic strategy, which holds potential for RA treatment.
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3
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Zhou Y, Dan H, Bai L, Jia L, Lu B, Gu G, Cui W. Continuous Positive Linear Association between the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:8501726. [PMID: 36532605 PMCID: PMC9754848 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8501726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension poses a major threat to human health, and inflammation is associated with hypertension. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) represents a new inflammatory indicator. However, the relationship between the MHR and hypertension remains unclear. The present study investigated the association of MHR with hypertension. METHOD For this cross-sectional study, we continuously collected data from the Physical Examination Centre of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University (N = 6632). The data included patients' demographic information and clinical information including blood pressure, blood biochemical measurements, and MHR. The relationship between the MHR and hypertension was examined using different methods in univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, smooth function analysis, the threshold saturation effect analysis and subgroup analysis. RESULTS The results showed that MHR was positively associated with hypertension without adjustment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.12, P < 0.001). The positive association still existed in minimally and fully adjusted models (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06-1.10, P < 0.001; OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001). Smooth function analysis of a generalized additive model revealed a continuous positive linear association between the MHR and hypertension throughout all MHR data (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001). Subgroups analysis showed the homogeneity of the positive association among different subgroups. CONCLUSIONS A continuous positive linear association was found between the MHR and hypertension in a health examination population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Haijun Dan
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Limei Jia
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Baojin Lu
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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4
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Steinz MM, Ezdoglian A, Khodadust F, Molthoff CFM, Srinivasarao M, Low PS, Zwezerijnen GJC, Yaqub M, Beaino W, Windhorst AD, Tas SW, Jansen G, van der Laken CJ. Folate Receptor Beta for Macrophage Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819163. [PMID: 35185910 PMCID: PMC8849105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging modalities constitute an increasingly important tool in diagnostic and therapy response monitoring of patients with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, macrophage imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) using novel radiotracers based on differential expression of plasma membrane proteins and functioning of cellular processes may be suited for this. Over the past decade, selective expression of folate receptor β (FRβ), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored plasma membrane protein, on myeloid cells has emerged as an attractive target for macrophage imaging by exploiting the high binding affinity of folate-based PET tracers. This work discusses molecular, biochemical and functional properties of FRβ, describes the preclinical development of a folate-PET tracer and the evaluation of this tracer in a translational model of arthritis for diagnostics and therapy-response monitoring, and finally the first clinical application of the folate-PET tracer in RA patients with active disease. Consequently, folate-based PET tracers hold great promise for macrophage imaging in a variety of (chronic) inflammatory (autoimmune) diseases beyond RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten M Steinz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aiarpi Ezdoglian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fatemeh Khodadust
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Degboé Y, Poupot R, Poupot M. Repolarization of Unbalanced Macrophages: Unmet Medical Need in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031496. [PMID: 35163420 PMCID: PMC8835955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their tissue counterpart macrophages (MP) constitute the front line of the immune system. Indeed, they are able to rapidly and efficiently detect both external and internal danger signals, thereby activating the immune system to eradicate the disturbing biological, chemical, or physical agents. They are also in charge of the control of the immune response and account for the repair of the damaged tissues, eventually restoring tissue homeostasis. The balance between these dual activities must be thoroughly controlled in space and time. Any sustained unbalanced response of MP leads to pathological disorders, such as chronic inflammation, or favors cancer development and progression. In this review, we take advantage of our expertise in chronic inflammation, especially in rheumatoid arthritis, and in cancer, to highlight the pivotal role of MP in the physiopathology of these disorders and to emphasize the repolarization of unbalanced MP as a promising therapeutic strategy to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Degboé
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Département de Rhumatologie, CHU Toulouse, 31029 Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, 31037 Toulouse, France;
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6
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Ross EA, Devitt A, Johnson JR. Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708186. [PMID: 34456917 PMCID: PMC8397413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the plasticity of macrophages and how these cells contribute to the development of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, with a particular focus on allergic and autoimmune disorders. The critical roles of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation will then be examined, emphasizing the ability of macrophages to clear apoptotic immune cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-driven spectrum of diseases where persistent inflammation results in synovial hyperplasia and excessive immune cell accumulation, leading to remodeling and reduced function in affected joints. Macrophages are central to the pathophysiology of RA, driving episodic cycles of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. RA patients have increased numbers of active M1 polarized pro-inflammatory macrophages and few or inactive M2 type cells. This imbalance in macrophage homeostasis is a main contributor to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA, resulting in continual activation of immune and stromal populations and accelerated tissue remodeling. Modulation of macrophage phenotype and function remains a key therapeutic goal for the treatment of this disease. Intriguingly, therapeutic intervention with glucocorticoids or other DMARDs promotes the re-polarization of M1 macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype; this reprogramming is dependent on metabolic changes to promote phenotypic switching. Allergic asthma is associated with Th2-polarised airway inflammation, structural remodeling of the large airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Macrophage polarization has a profound impact on asthma pathogenesis, as the response to allergen exposure is regulated by an intricate interplay between local immune factors including cytokines, chemokines and danger signals from neighboring cells. In the Th2-polarized environment characteristic of allergic asthma, high levels of IL-4 produced by locally infiltrating innate lymphoid cells and helper T cells promote the acquisition of an alternatively activated M2a phenotype in macrophages, with myriad effects on the local immune response and airway structure. Targeting regulators of macrophage plasticity is currently being pursued in the treatment of allergic asthma and other allergic diseases. Macrophages promote the re-balancing of pro-inflammatory responses towards pro-resolution responses and are thus central to the success of an inflammatory response. It has long been established that apoptosis supports monocyte and macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation, facilitating subsequent corpse clearance. This drives resolution responses and mediates a phenotypic switch in the polarity of macrophages. However, the role of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ACdEV) in the recruitment and control of macrophage phenotype has received remarkably little attention. ACdEV are powerful mediators of intercellular communication, carrying a wealth of lipid and protein mediators that may modulate macrophage phenotype, including a cargo of active immune-modulating enzymes. The impact of such interactions may result in repair or disease in different contexts. In this review, we will discuss the origin, characterization, and activity of macrophages in sterile inflammatory diseases and the underlying mechanisms of macrophage polarization via ACdEV and apoptotic cell clearance, in order to provide new insights into therapeutic strategies that could exploit the capabilities of these agile and responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Ross
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jill R Johnson
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Wu X, Liu Y, Jin S, Wang M, Jiao Y, Yang B, Lu X, Ji X, Fei Y, Yang H, Zhao L, Chen H, Zhang Y, Li H, Lipsky PE, Tsokos GC, Bai F, Zhang X. Single-cell sequencing of immune cells from anticitrullinated peptide antibody positive and negative rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4977. [PMID: 34404786 PMCID: PMC8371160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence or absence of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and associated disparities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) implies disease heterogeneity with unknown diverse immunopathological mechanisms. Here we profile CD45+ hematopoietic cells from peripheral blood or synovial tissues from both ACPA+ and ACPA- RA patients by single-cell RNA sequencing and identify subsets of immune cells that contribute to the pathogenesis of RA subtypes. We find several synovial immune cell abnormalities, including up-regulation of CCL13, CCL18 and MMP3 in myeloid cell subsets of ACPA- RA compared with ACPA+ RA. Also evident is a lack of HLA-DRB5 expression and lower expression of cytotoxic and exhaustion related genes in the synovial tissues of patients with ACPA- RA. Furthermore, the HLA-DR15 haplotype (DRB1/DRB5) conveys an increased risk of developing active disease in ACPA+ RA in a large cohort of patients with treatment-naive RA. Immunohistochemical staining shows increased infiltration of CCL13 and CCL18-expressing immune cells in synovial tissues of ACPA- RA. Collectively, our data provide evidence of the differential involvement of cellular and molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of seropositive and seronegative RA subtypes and reveal the importance of precision therapy based on ACPA status. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are commonly stratified by ACPA serology, with positivity being associated with more severe disease and joint destruction. Here the authors present a single cell RNA sequencing resource comparing peripheral blood and synovial tissue cells from patients with ACPA+ versus ACPA- rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyao Wu
- Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanzhao Jin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Jiao
- Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yaran Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- RILITE Research Institute and AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Center for Translational Cancer Research, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zuo Y, Deng GM. Fc Gamma Receptors as Regulators of Bone Destruction in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688201. [PMID: 34248975 PMCID: PMC8262610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone erosion is one of the primary features of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by excessive differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) have been implicated in osteoclastogenesis. Our recent studies demonstrate that joint-deposited lupus IgG inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. FcγRI is required for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and lupus IgG-induced signaling transduction. We reviewed the results of studies that analyzed the association between FcγRs and bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis. The analysis revealed the dual roles of FcγRs in bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Thus, IgG/FcγR signaling molecules may serve as potential therapeutic targets against bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Min Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Schett G, Tanaka Y, Isaacs JD. Why remission is not enough: underlying disease mechanisms in RA that prevent cure. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:135-144. [PMID: 33303993 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cure is the aspirational aim for the treatment of all diseases, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, it has only been during the twenty-first century that remission, let alone cure, has been a regularly achievable target in RA. Little research has been carried out on how to cure RA, and the term 'cure' still requires definition for this disease. Even now, achieving a cure seems to be a rare occurrence among individuals with RA. Therefore, this Review is aimed at addressing the obstacles to the achievement of cure in RA. The differences between remission and cure in RA are first defined, followed by a discussion of the underlying factors (referred to as drivers) that prevent the achievement of cure in RA by triggering sustained immune activation and effector cytokine production. Such drivers include adaptive immune system activation, mesenchymal tissue priming and so-called 'remote' (non-immune and non-articular) factors. Strategies to target these drivers are also presented, with an emphasis on the development of strategies that could complement currently used cytokine inhibition and thereby improve the likelihood of curing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Immuntherapie, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Catrina A, Krishnamurthy A, Rethi B. Current view on the pathogenic role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2021; 7:e001228. [PMID: 33771834 PMCID: PMC8006837 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological findings suggest a potential role for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. ACPA-positive RA is associated with unique genetical and environmental risk factors, in contrast to seronegative RA. ACPA-positive healthy individuals are at risk of developing RA and can develop joint pain and bone loss already before disease onset. ACPA injection triggered bone loss and pain-like behaviour in mice and, in the presence of additional arthritis inducers, exacerbated joint inflammation. In cell culture experiments, ACPAs could bind to and modulate a variety of cellular targets, such as macrophages, osteoclasts, synovial fibroblasts, neutrophil granulocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells and platelets, further underlying a potential role for these autoantibodies in triggering pathogenic pathways and providing clues for their mechanisms of action. Patient-derived ACPA clones have been characterised by unique cellular effects and multiple ways to act on the target cells. ACPAs might directly induce stimulatory signals by ligating key citrullinated cell surface molecules or, alternatively, act as immune complexes on Fc receptors and potentially other molecules that recognise carbohydrate moieties. On the contrary to experimentally manufactured ACPA clones, patient-derived ACPAs are highly promiscuous and cross-reactive, suggesting a simultaneous binding to a range of functionally relevant and irrelevant targets. Moreover, several ACPA clones recognise carbamylated or acetylated targets as well. These features complicate the identification and description of ACPA-induced pathogenic mechanisms. In the current review, we summarise recent data on the functional properties of patient-derived ACPAs and present mechanistic models on how these antibodies might contribute to RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Catrina
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akilan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Lai JH. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114015. [PMID: 32512739 PMCID: PMC7312469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with high anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers have an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although our knowledge of the generation and production of ACPAs has continuously advanced during the past decade, our understanding on the pathogenic mechanisms of how ACPAs interact with immune cells to trigger articular inflammation is relatively limited. Citrullination disorders drive the generation and maintenance of ACPAs, with profound clinical significance in patients with RA. The loss of tolerance to citrullinated proteins, however, is essential for ACPAs to exert their pathogenicity. N-linked glycosylation, cross-reactivity and the structural interactions of ACPAs with their citrullinated antigens further direct their biological functions. Although questions remain in the pathogenicity of ACPAs acting as agonists for a receptor-mediated response, immune complex (IC) formation, complement system activation, crystallizable fragment gamma receptor (FcγR) activation, cross-reactivity to joint cartilage and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-related mechanisms have all been suggested recently. This paper presents a critical review of the characteristics and possible biological effects and mechanisms of the immunopathogenesis of ACPAs in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8791-8382; Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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12
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Kim J, Jung KH, Yoo J, Park JH, Yan HH, Fang Z, Lim JH, Kwon SR, Kim MK, Park HJ, Hong SS. PBT-6, a Novel PI3KC2γ Inhibitor in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:172-183. [PMID: 31739383 PMCID: PMC7059814 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is considered as a promising therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its involvement in inflammatory processes. However, limited studies have reported the involvement of PI3KC2γ in RA, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of PI3KC2γ as a novel therapeutic target for RA and the effect of its selective inhibitor, PBT-6. In this study, we observed that PI3KC2γ was markedly increased in the synovial fluid and tissue as well as the PBMCs of patients with RA. PBT-6, a novel PI3KC2γ inhibitor, decreased the cell growth of TNF-mediated synovial fibroblasts and LPS-mediated macrophages. Furthermore, PBT-6 inhibited the PI3KC2γ expression and PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway in both synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. In addition, PBT-6 suppressed macrophage migration via CCL2 and osteoclastogenesis. In CIA mice, it significantly inhibited the progression and development of RA by decreasing arthritis scores and paw swelling. Three-dimensional micro-computed tomography confirmed that PBT-6 enhanced the joint structures in CIA mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PI3KC2γ is a therapeutic target for RA, and PBT-6 could be developed as a novel PI3KC2γ inhibitor to target inflammatory diseases including RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenghuan Fang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ryul Kwon
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ku Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22313, Republic of Korea
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Simon D, Kleyer A, Bui CD, Hueber A, Bang H, Ramming A, Rech J, Schett G. Micro-structural bone changes are associated with broad-spectrum autoimmunity and predict the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 74:418-426. [PMID: 32067367 DOI: 10.1002/art.41229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess if microstructural bone lesions in RA at-risk individuals are related to the spectrum of anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) and affect the risk to develop RA. METHODS Cortical micro-channels (CoMiCs) as well as cortical and trabecular bone volumes were analyzed by high-resolution computed tomography in the hand joints of RA at-risk individuals. Anti-modified protein antibody (AMPA) response was profiled including reactivities against citrullinated proteins (vimentin, enolase, fibrinogen) as well as carbamylated and acetylated vimentin. All subjects were followed for the development of RA. RESULTS RA at-risk subjects (all N=74) with broad spectrum AMPA (6-8 reactivties) had significantly more severe microstructural changes (CoMiCs: 95±35/joint; total bone volume: 265±45 HA/cm3; trabecular bone volume: 176±42; cortical bone volume: 585±138) compared to subjects with moderate (3-5 reactivties; 79±30; 293±33; 195±32, 627±91, respectively) or narrow (1-2 reactivties; 47±20, 311±34, 211±30, 674±56, respectively) AMPA reactivity. Progressors to RA had significantly higher numbers of CoMiCs and lower bone volumes (CoMiCs: 103±30 vs. 71±35; total bone volume: 258±37 vs.295±34). Furthermore, progression to RA was high in subjects with broad (48%) vs. those with medium (26%) or narrow (0%) AMPA as well as in those with high (44%) vs. low (10%) CoMiCs. CONCLUSION Microstructural changes in RA at-risk individuals are associated with broad-spectrum autoimmunity and predict the onset of RA. These data support the concept of structural priming of joints by autoimmunity before the onset of the inflammatory phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cong Duy Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Hueber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Elliott SE, Kongpachith S, Lingampalli N, Adamska JZ, Cannon BJ, Blum LK, Bloom MS, Henkel M, McGeachy MJ, Moreland LW, Robinson WH. B cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues encode focused antibody repertoires that include antibodies that stimulate macrophage TNF-α production. Clin Immunol 2020; 212:108360. [PMID: 32035179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). To gain insights into the relationship between ACPA-expressing B cells in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial tissue (ST), we sequenced the B cell repertoire in paired PB and ST samples from five individuals with established, ACPA+ RA. Bioinformatics analysis of paired heavy- and light-chain sequences revealed clonally-related family members shared between PB and ST. ST-derived antibody repertoires exhibited reduced diversity and increased normalized clonal family size compared to PB-derived repertoires. Functional characterization showed that seven recombinant antibodies (rAbs) expressed from subject-derived sequences from both compartments bound citrullinated antigens and immune complexes (ICs) formed using one ST-derived rAb stimulated macrophage TNF-α production. Our findings demonstrate B cell trafficking between PB and ST in subjects with RA and ST repertoires include B cells that encode ACPA capable of forming ICs that stimulate cellular responses implicated in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra E Elliott
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Julia Z Adamska
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Bryan J Cannon
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa K Blum
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle S Bloom
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Larry W Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America.
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15
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Ruan F, Wang YF, Chai Y. Diagnostic Values of miR-21, miR-124, and M-CSF in Patients With Early Cervical Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820914983. [PMID: 32356483 PMCID: PMC7225794 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820914983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic values of microRNA-21, microRNA-124, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS A total of 68 patients with cervical cancer admitted in our hospital (cervical cancer group) and 57 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations (healthy group, also control group) were enrolled in this study. The expression of serum microRNA-21 and microRNA-124 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic values of microRNA-21, microRNA-124, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cervical cancer were analyzed. The correlations between the expression of microRNA-21 and microRNA-124 with that of macrophage colony-stimulating factor were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared to those in the healthy group, patients in the cervical cancer group had a higher expression of microRNA-21 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (P < .05) but lower expression of microRNA-124 (P < .05). The expression of microRNA-21, microRNA-124, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the patients correlated with the tumor size, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, tumor differentiation, and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis and human papillomavirus infection (P < .05). According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve of microRNA-21 for diagnosing cervical cancer was 0.723, the specificity was 58.82%, and the sensitivity was 91.23%. The area under the curve of microRNA-124 was 0.766, the specificity was 94.12%, and the sensitivity was 57.89%. The area under the curve of macrophage colony-stimulating factor was 0.754, the specificity was 64.71%, and the sensitivity was 87.72%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of microRNA-21 positively correlated with that of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (r = 0.6825, P < .001), and the expression of microRNA-124 negatively correlated with that of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (r = -0.6476, P < .001). CONCLUSION MicroRNA-21, microRNA-124, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor may be involved in the development and progression of cervical cancer. The detection of serum microRNA-21, microRNA-124, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor has good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ruan
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-fei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong, China
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Burbano C, Villar-Vesga J, Vásquez G, Muñoz-Vahos C, Rojas M, Castaño D. Proinflammatory Differentiation of Macrophages Through Microparticles That Form Immune Complexes Leads to T- and B-Cell Activation in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2058. [PMID: 31555283 PMCID: PMC6724570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrate increased circulating microparticles (MP). These vesicles, primarily those that form immune complexes (MP-IC), may activate monocytes. We evaluated the effect of MP and MP-IC in the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages (monocyte-derived macrophages; MDM) and for consequences in autologous lymphocyte activation. Monocytes from healthy controls (HC) and patients with RA and SLE that differentiated into MDM in the presence of MP-IC showed a proinflammatory (M1-like) profile, which was more evident using MP-IC from patients with RA than those from patients with SLE. Notably, MDM from HC and patients with RA that differentiated with MP-IC were more prone to M1-like profile than those from patients with SLE. In HC and patients with RA, monocyte differentiation using MP-IC decreased the frequency of MDM that bound/internalized latex beads. The M1-like profile did not completely revert following IL-4 treatment. The effect of M1-like MDM on T lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin was further evaluated. MDM differentiated with MP enhanced the proliferation of T cells obtained from patients with RA compared with those differentiated with MP-IC or without vesicles. Neither MP nor MP-IC induced interferon (IFN)-γ+ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α+ T cells in patients with RA. Conversely, unlike MDM differentiated with or without MP, MP-IC enhanced the proliferation and increased the frequencies of IFN-γ+CD4+ T, TNF-α+CD4+ T, and IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells in patients with SLE. The co-culture of B cells with MDM obtained from patients with RA and SLE and differentiated with MP-IC increased the expression of B-cell activation markers and prevented B lymphocyte death. Strikingly, only for patients with SLE, these responses seemed to be associated with a significant increase in B-cell activating factor levels, high plasmablast frequency and immunoglobulin production. These results showed that MP-IC from patients with systemic autoimmune diseases favored the polarization of MDM into a proinflammatory profile that promotes T-cell activation, and additionally induced B-cell activation and survival. Therefore, the effect of MP-IC in mononuclear phagocytes may be an important factor for modulating adaptive responses in systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Burbano
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia.,Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Villar-Vesga
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Vahos
- Sección de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia.,Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential role of β-galactosidase in altering immunoglobulin G (IgG) galactosylation in serum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: The expression level and activity of β-galactosidase in serum and CD 19+ B cells were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of β-galactosidase on the N-glycan changes in serum from mice intravenously treated with β-galactosidase was observed by linear ion-trap quadrupole-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LTQ-ESI-MS). We established a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model to explore the biological function of β-galactosidase in RA.Results: The expression level of β-galactosidase in serum of 32 patients was elevated when compared with those of 30 healthy controls. The activity and expression level of β-galactosidase in CD19+ B cells from RA patients was higher than those from healthy controls. The ratio of m/z 1142/937 was reduced in mice treated with β-galactosidase when compared with normal mice. We found that β-galactosidase was implicated in the development of inflammation by affecting body weight and elevating the expression level of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and rheumatoid factor in the serum.Conclusions: Our results suggested the high level of β-galactosidase in B cells and serum of RA patients and revealed that altered β-galactosidase may be implicated in the progression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Su
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yunsen Li
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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18
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Steffen U, Schett G, Bozec A. How Autoantibodies Regulate Osteoclast Induced Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1483. [PMID: 31333647 PMCID: PMC6619397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by autoimmunity that triggers joint inflammation and tissue destruction. Traditional concepts of RA pathogenesis have strongly been focused on inflammation. However, more recent evidence suggests that autoimmunity per se modulates the disease and in particular bone destruction during the course of RA. RA-associated bone loss is caused by increased osteoclast differentiation and activity leading to rapid bone resorption. Autoimmunity in RA is based on autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA). These autoantibodies exert effector functions on immune cells and on bone resorbing osteoclasts, thereby facilitating bone loss. This review summarizes potential pathways involved in increased destruction of bone tissue in RA, particularly focusing on the direct and indirect actions of autoantibodies on osteoclast generation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Chandrupatla DMSH, Molthoff CFM, Lammertsma AA, van der Laken CJ, Jansen G. The folate receptor β as a macrophage-mediated imaging and therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:366-378. [PMID: 30280318 PMCID: PMC6328514 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Notably, positive correlations have been reported between synovial macrophage infiltration and disease activity as well as therapy outcome in RA patients. Hence, macrophages can serve as an important target for both imaging disease activity and drug delivery in RA. Folate receptor β (FRβ) is a glycosylphosphatidyl (GPI)-anchored plasma membrane protein being expressed on myeloid cells and activated macrophages. FRβ harbors a nanomolar binding affinity for folic acid allowing this receptor to be exploited for RA disease imaging (e.g., folate-conjugated PET tracers) and therapeutic targeting (e.g., folate antagonists and folate-conjugated drugs). This review provides an overview of these emerging applications in RA by summarizing and discussing properties of FRβ, expression of FRβ in relation to macrophage polarization, FRβ-targeted in vivo imaging modalities, and FRβ-directed drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga M S H Chandrupatla
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Degboé Y, Rauwel B, Baron M, Boyer JF, Ruyssen-Witrand A, Constantin A, Davignon JL. Polarization of Rheumatoid Macrophages by TNF Targeting Through an IL-10/STAT3 Mechanism. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30713533 PMCID: PMC6345709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They can display different states of activation or “polarization,” notably the so-called inflammatory “M1” and the various alternative “M2” polarizations, characterized by distinct functions. Data regarding the effects of RA anti-cytokine biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on macrophage polarization are scarce. We aimed to assess in vitro modulation of macrophage polarization by bDMARDs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA. We generated monocyte derived macrophages using blood samples from 20 RA patients with active RA and 30 healthy controls. We evaluated in vitro the impact on M1 inflammatory macrophages of: etanercept (ETA), adalimumab (ADA), certolizumab (CZP), tocilizumab (TCZ), and rituximab (RTX). We assessed the impact on macrophage polarization using flow cytometry and RTqPCR to study the expression of surface markers and perform functional studies of cytokine production, phagocytosis, and negative feedback control of inflammation. Among evaluated bDMARDs, anti-TNF agents modulated the polarization of inflammatory macrophages by decreasing inflammatory surface markers (CD40, CD80) and favoring alternative markers (CD16, CD163, MerTK). Anti-TNF agents also induced alternative functions in macrophages activated in inflammatory condition with (i) the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-12), (ii) an increase in phagocytosis. These findings were mechanistically related to an increase in early IL-10 production, responsible for higher negative feedback control of inflammation involving SOCS3 and Gas6. This IL-10 effect was STAT3-dependent. Anti-TNF agents not only inhibit in vitro inflammatory functions of macrophages, but also favor resolution of inflammation through polarization toward alternative features specifically involving the IL-10/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Degboé
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Rauwel
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Baron
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Boyer
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand
- Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,UMR1027, INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Constantin
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Elliott SE, Kongpachith S, Lingampalli N, Adamska JZ, Cannon BJ, Mao R, Blum LK, Robinson WH. Affinity Maturation Drives Epitope Spreading and Generation of Proinflammatory Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1946-1958. [PMID: 29927104 PMCID: PMC6261684 DOI: 10.1002/art.40587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs); nevertheless, the origin, specificity, and functional properties of ACPAs remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of ACPAs by sequencing the plasmablast antibody repertoire at serial time points in patients with established RA. METHODS Blood samples were obtained at up to 4 serial time points from 8 individuals with established RA who were positive for ACPAs by the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide test. CD19+CD3-IgD-CD14-CD20-CD27+CD38++ plasmablasts were isolated by single-cell sorting and costained with citrullinated peptide tetramers to identify ACPA-expressing plasmablasts. Cell-specific oligonucleotide barcodes were utilized, followed by large-scale sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, to obtain error-corrected, paired heavy- and light-chain antibody gene sequences for each B cell. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed 170 persistent plasmablast lineages in the RA blood, of which 19% included multiple isotypes. Among IgG- and IgA-expressing plasmablasts, significantly more IgA-expressing than IgG-expressing persistent lineages were observed (P < 0.01). Shared complementarity-determining region 3 sequence motifs were identified across subjects. A subset of the plasmablast lineages included members derived from later time points with divergent somatic hypermutations that encoded antibodies that bind an expanded set of citrullinated antigens. Furthermore, these recombinant, differentially mutated plasmablast antibodies formed immune complexes that stimulated higher macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared to antibodies representing earlier time point-derived lineage members that were less mutated. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that established RA is characterized by a persistent IgA ACPA response that exhibits ongoing affinity maturation. This observation suggests the presence of a persistent mucosal antigen that continually promotes the production of IgA plasmablasts and their affinity maturation and epitope spreading, thus leading to the generation of ACPAs that bind additional citrullinated antigens and more potently stimulate macrophage production of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra E. Elliott
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Julia Z. Adamska
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Bryan J. Cannon
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Rong Mao
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lisa K. Blum
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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22
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Rana AK, Li Y, Dang Q, Yang F. Monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: Circulating precursors of macrophages and osteoclasts and, their heterogeneity and plasticity role in RA pathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:348-359. [PMID: 30366278 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic, autoimmune and inflammatory disease represented as synovitis, pannus formation, adjacent bone erosions, and joint destruction. The major cells involved in the perpetuation of RA pathogenesis are CD4+ T-cells (mainly Th1 cells and Th17 cells), fibroblasts like synoviocytes (FLS), macrophages and B cells. Other autoimmune cells such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and monocytes also contribute to RA pathogenesis. Monocytes are mainly bone marrow (BM) derived cells in the circulation. The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 expressed by monocytes interact with chemokine ligands CCL2 (MCP-1) and CX3CL1 (fractalkine) respectively produced by FLS and this interaction promotes their migration and recruitment into RA synovium. Activated monocytes on their surface exhibit upregulated antigenic expressions such as CD14, CD16, HLA-DR, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and adhesion molecules B1 and B2 integrins. RA monocytes interconnect with other cells in a positive loop manner in the propagation of the rheumatoid process. They skew towards mainly intermediate monocyte subsets (CD14++ CD16+) which produce proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, the predominant intermediate monocytes in RA differentiate into M1-macrophages which play a major role in synovial inflammation. Demonstrations suggest monocytes with CD14+ and CD16- expression (classical monocytes?) differentiate to osteoclasts which are the cells responsible for bone erosion in RA synovial joints. Th17 cells induce the production of RANKL by FLS which promotes osteoclastogenesis. Cytokines mainly TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 amplify osteoclastogenesis. Hence, monocytes are the circulating precursors of macrophages and osteoclasts in RA. AIM OF THE REVIEW: To enlighten the identity of monocytes, the antigenic expression on monocyte surface and their cytokines role in RA. We also emphasize about the chemokine receptors expressed by monocytes subsets and chemotaxis of circulating monocytes into RA synovium. Additionally, we review monocytes as the circulating precursors of macrophages and osteoclasts in RA joints and their heterogeneity and plasticity role in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Rana
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China.
| | - Qiujie Dang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
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23
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Chandrupatla DMSH, Molthoff CFM, Ritsema WIGR, Vos R, Elshof E, Matsuyama T, Low PS, Musters RJP, Hammond A, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA, van der Laken CJ, Brands R, Jansen G. Prophylactic and therapeutic activity of alkaline phosphatase in arthritic rats: single-agent effects of alkaline phosphatase and synergistic effects in combination with methotrexate. Transl Res 2018; 199:24-38. [PMID: 29802817 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a gate-keeper of innate immune system responses by detoxifying inflammation triggering moieties released from endogenous and external sources. We examined whether AP's broad mechanism of action constitutes a safe therapeutic, either as single agent or combined with methotrexate (MTX), for chronic inflammatory disorders, for example, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A rat model for RA was used with repeated intra-articular methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) injections in 1 knee ("arthritic" knee), with the contralateral knee serving as internal control. AP (200 µg, subcut) was administered before mBSA injections (prophylactic setting) or after arthritis induction (therapeutic setting) or combined with MTX (0.3 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg; intraperitoneally). As end point of treatment outcome, macrophage infiltration in knees, liver, and spleen was assessed by immunohistochemistry (ED1 and ED2 expression), immunofluoresence (macrophage marker folate receptor-β [FRβ]), and [18F]fluoro-polyethylene glycol-folate positron emission tomography (PET) (macrophage imaging) and ex vivo tissue distribution. Single-agent AP treatment and combinations with MTX were well tolerated. Both prophylactic and therapeutic AP markedly reduced synovial macrophage infiltration in arthritic knees (ED1: 3.5- to 4-fold; ED2: 3.5- to 6-fold), comparable with MTX treatment. AP-MTX combinations slightly improved on single agent effects. PET monitoring and ex vivo tissue distribution studies corroborated the impact of AP, MTX, and AP-MTX on reducing synovial macrophage infiltration. Beyond localized articular effects, AP also revealed systemic anti-inflammatory effects by a 2-fold reduction of ED1, ED2, and FRβ+ macrophages in liver and spleen of arthritic rats. Collectively, single-agent AP and AP combined with MTX elicited local and systemic anti-arthritic activity in arthritic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga M S H Chandrupatla
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wayne I G R Ritsema
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Vos
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Elshof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Takami Matsuyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - René J P Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Hammond
- Department of Rheumatology, KIMS Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dong X, Zheng Z, Zhai Y, Zheng Y, Ding J, Jiang J, Zhu P. ACPA mediates the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:845-853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Forrester MA, Wassall HJ, Hall LS, Cao H, Wilson HM, Barker RN, Vickers MA. Similarities and differences in surface receptor expression by THP-1 monocytes and differentiated macrophages polarized using seven different conditioning regimens. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:58-76. [PMID: 30077333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key in orchestrating immune responses to micro-environmental stimuli, sensed by a complex set of surface receptors. The human cell line THP-1 has a monocytic phenotype, including the ability to differentiate into macrophages, providing a tractable, standardised surrogate for human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here we assessed the expression of 49 surface markers including Fc, complement, C-type lectin and scavenger receptors; TIMs; Siglecs; and co-stimulatory molecules by flow cytometry on both THP-1 monocytes and macrophages and following macrophage activation with seven standard conditioning/polarizing stimuli. Of the 34 surface markers detected on macrophages, 18 altered expression levels on activation. From these, expression of 9 surface markers were consistently altered by all conditioning regimens, while 9 were specific to individual polarizing stimuli. This study provides a resource for the study of macrophages and highlights that macrophage polarization states share much in common and the differences do not easily fit a simple classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Forrester
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather J Wassall
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lindsay S Hall
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Huan Cao
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert N Barker
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark A Vickers
- Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, UK.
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26
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Serum Levels of IL-22 and ACPA in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Zhong Q, Gong FY, Gong Z, Hua SH, Zeng KQ, Gao XM. IgG Immunocomplexes Sensitize Human Monocytes for Inflammatory Hyperactivity via Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Rheumatoid Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3913-3925. [PMID: 29712771 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of circulating immunocomplexes (ICs) strongly correlates with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. Deposits of IgG-ICs are abundant in affected joints of patients, yet molecular mechanisms for the pathogenic roles of such ICs are not fully understood. In this study, we present evidence that IgG-ICs precipitated from RA sera sensitized human monocytes for a long-lasting inflammatory functional state, characterized by a strong TNF-α response to cellular proteins representing damage-associated molecular patterns and microbe-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Importantly, plate-coated human IgG (a mimic of deposited IC without Ag restriction) exhibited a similarly robust ability of monocyte sensitization in vitro. The plate-coated human IgG-induced functional programming is accompanied by transcriptomic and epigenetic modification of various inflammatory cytokines and negative regulator genes. Moreover, macrophages freshly isolated from synovia of patients with RA, but not sera-negative arthropathy, displayed a signature gene expression profile highly similar to that of IC-sensitized human monocytes, indicative of historical priming events by IgG-ICs in vivo. Thus, the ability of IgG-ICs to drive sustainable functional sensitization/reprogramming of monocytes and macrophages toward inflammation may render them key players in the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.,Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Hao Hua
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zeng
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Suzhou 215123, China; and.,Key Laboratory of Systemic Biomedical Study, Suzhou 215123, China
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29
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Imaging and Methotrexate Response Monitoring of Systemic Inflammation in Arthritic Rats Employing the Macrophage PET Tracer [ 18F]Fluoro-PEG-Folate. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:8092781. [PMID: 29681783 PMCID: PMC5841060 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8092781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background In rheumatoid arthritis, articular inflammation is a hallmark of disease, while the involvement of extra-articular tissues is less well defined. Here, we examined the feasibility of PET imaging with the macrophage tracer [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate, targeting folate receptor β (FRβ), to monitor systemic inflammatory disease in liver and spleen of arthritic rats before and after methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Methods [18F]Fluoro-PEG-folate PET scans (60 min) were acquired in saline- and MTX-treated (1 mg/kg, 4x) arthritic rats, followed by tissue resection and radiotracer distribution analysis. Liver and spleen tissues were stained for ED1/ED2-macrophage markers and FRβ expression. Results [18F]Fluoro-PEG-folate PET and ex vivo tissue distribution studies revealed a significant (p < 0.01) 2-fold lower tracer uptake in both liver and spleen of MTX-treated arthritic rats. Consistently, ED1- and ED2-positive macrophages were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in liver (4-fold) and spleen (3-fold) of MTX-treated compared with saline-treated rats. Additionally, FRβ-positive macrophages were also significantly reduced in liver (5-fold, p < 0.005) and spleen (3-fold, p < 0.01) of MTX- versus saline-treated rats. Conclusions MTX treatment reduced activated macrophages in liver and spleen, as markers for systemic inflammation in these organs. Macrophage PET imaging with [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate holds promise for detection of systemic inflammation in RA as well as therapy (MTX) response monitoring.
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Bozec A, Luo Y, Engdahl C, Figueiredo C, Bang H, Schett G. Abatacept blocks anti-citrullinated protein antibody and rheumatoid factor mediated cytokine production in human macrophages in IDO-dependent manner. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:24. [PMID: 29415763 PMCID: PMC5803926 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-inflammatory effect of abatacept is most pronounced in patients with high-titer autoantibodies (including anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPA] and rheumatoid factor [RF]). Considering that autoantibodies trigger inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and that abatacept binds to monocytes, influencing their functional state, we hypothesized that abatacept may effectively inhibit the production of several different cytokines by ACPA- or RF-challenged monocytes. Methods Peripheral blood CD68+ monocytes stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 24 h were exposed to random immunoglobulin G alone (negative control), purified ACPA, purified RF, or lipopolysaccharide (positive control) in cell culture plates coated with citrullinated vimentin (to allow ACPA immune complex formation). Stimulations were done in the presence or absence of abatacept or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody (adalimumab) with or without indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyl-d-tryptophan. Supernatants were analyzed for key proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) after 24 h. Results Exposure to ACPA or RF significantly induced the production of TNF-α (20-fold and 27-fold, respectively), IL-1β (each 4-fold), IL-6 (12-fold and 11-fold, respectively), IL-8 (43-fold and 30-fold, respectively), and CCL2 (each 4-fold) in human monocytes. Abatacept inhibited this autoantibody-mediated upregulation of cytokines, reducing TNF-α by > 75%, IL-1β by > 65%, IL-6 and IL-8 by > 80%, and CCL2 by > 60%. In contrast, a TNF inhibitor did not influence autoantibody-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. IDO inhibition reversed the effect of abatacept and again permitted the induction of cytokine production by ACPA and RF. Conclusions These data show that abatacept interferes with autoantibody-mediated cytokine production by monocytes through induction of IDO. This inhibitory effect on the production of several effector cytokines in RA may explain the fast anti-inflammatory effect of abatacept as well as its preferential efficacy in patients with high-titer ACPA and RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camille Figueiredo
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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31
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Gertel S, Karmon G, Szarka E, Shovman O, Houri-Levi E, Mozes E, Shoenfeld Y, Amital H. Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies Induce Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile in Peripheral Blood Cells from CCP-positive Patients with RA. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:310-319. [PMID: 29335340 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.170822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) have major diagnostic significance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ACPA are directed against different citrullinated antigens, including filaggrin, fibrinogen, vimentin, and collagen. The presence of ACPA is associated with joint damage and extraarticular manifestations, suggesting that ACPA may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of RA. METHODS To verify the effect of ACPA on RA-immune cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)-positive patients with RA and healthy controls were cocultured in vitro with ACPA. ACPA-positive stained cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the effect of ACPA on mRNA expression levels was evaluated by real-time PCR. We tested whether the stimulatory effects induced by ACPA could be inhibited by the addition of a new multiepitope citrullinated peptide (Cit-ME). RESULTS We found that ACPA bind specifically to PBMC from CCP-positive patients with RA through the Fab portion. ACPA induce upregulation of pathogenic cytokine expression (4- to 13-fold increase) in PBMC derived from CCP-positive patients with RA. Moreover, ACPA upregulated IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression levels by 10- and 6-fold, respectively, compared to control IgG. Cit-ME, a genuine ligand of ACPA, inhibited the ACPA-induced upregulation of IL-1β and IL-6 by 30%. CONCLUSION ACPA bind to a limited percentage of PBMC and upregulate inflammatory cytokine expression, suggesting that ACPA is involved in RA pathogenesis. Targeting ACPA to decrease their pathogenic effects might provide a novel direction in developing therapeutic strategies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Gertel
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center.
| | - Gidi Karmon
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Eszter Szarka
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Ora Shovman
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Esther Houri-Levi
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Edna Mozes
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Howard Amital
- From the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,S. Gertel, PhD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; G. Karmon, BsC, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; E. Szarka, PhD, Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University; O. Shovman, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Houri-Levi, MD, Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center; E. Mozes, PhD, Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science; Y. Shoenfeld, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; H. Amital, MD, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center
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32
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Fukui S, Iwamoto N, Takatani A, Igawa T, Shimizu T, Umeda M, Nishino A, Horai Y, Hirai Y, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Tamai M, Ichinose K, Nakamura H, Origuchi T, Masuyama R, Kosai K, Yanagihara K, Kawakami A. M1 and M2 Monocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Contribution of Imbalance of M1/M2 Monocytes to Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1958. [PMID: 29375576 PMCID: PMC5766997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the relationships among M1 monocytes, M2 monocytes, osteoclast (OC) differentiation ability, and clinical characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from RA patients and healthy donors, and we then investigated the number of M1 monocytes or M2 monocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We also obtained and cultured CD14-positive cells from PBMCs from RA patients and healthy donors to investigate OC differentiation in vitro. Results Forty RA patients and 20 healthy donors were included. Twenty-two patients (55%) were anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive. The median M1/M2 ratio was 0.59 (0.31–1.11, interquartile range). There were no significant differences between the RA patients and healthy donors. There was a positive correlation between the M1/M2 ratio and the differentiated OC number in vitro in RA patients (ρ = 0.81, p < 0.001). The ACPA-positive patients had significantly higher M1/M2 ratios in vivo (p = 0.028) and significantly greater numbers of OCs in vitro (p = 0.005) than the ACPA-negative patients. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the M1/M2 ratio was the sole significant contribution factor to in vitro osteoclastogenesis. RA patients with M1/M2 ratios >1 (having relatively more M1 monocytes) had higher C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates than RA patients with M1/M2 ratios ≤1. M1-dominant monocytes in vitro produced higher concentrations of interleukin-6 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide than M2 monocytes. Conclusion M1/M2 monocytes imbalance strongly contributes to osteoclastogenesis of RA patients. Our findings cast M1 and M2 monocyte subsets in a new light as a new target of treatments for RA to prevent progression of osteoclastic bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Fukui
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takatani
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Igawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Medical Education Development Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishino
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Comprehensive Community Care Education Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Horai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Research Center, NHO Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Masuyama
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Quero L, Hanser E, Manigold T, Tiaden AN, Kyburz D. TLR2 stimulation impairs anti-inflammatory activity of M2-like macrophages, generating a chimeric M1/M2 phenotype. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:245. [PMID: 29096690 PMCID: PMC5667453 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and macrophages play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, it is not clear whether inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 predominate among the resident macrophages in the synovium. In the present study, we set out to investigate the impact of TLR stimulation on monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophage function and phenotype by mimicking the exposure to abundant TLR agonists as occurs in the context of RA. The response of macrophage subsets to TLR2 and TLR4 activation was evaluated on cluster of differentiation (CD) marker profile; cytokine secretion; gene expression; and NF-κB, interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF3/7), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Methods Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy individuals and patients with RA and differentiated into M1-like and M2-like macrophages by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), respectively. Cells were either (1) stimulated with TLR ligands Pam3 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or (2) classically activated via interferon (IFN)-γ/LPS. Cytokine production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gene expression was measured by qPCR. Cells were stained for CD markers and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. NF-κB, IRF3/7, and MAPKs were detected by Western blotting. Results Monocyte-derived macrophages of healthy donors (HD) or patients with RA displayed comparable subset-specific phenotypes upon exposure to TLR agonists. CD14 and CD163 marker expression on M2 macrophages did not change upon TLR2 and TLR4 engagement. By contrast, M2 gene markers HMOX1, FOLR2, and SLC40A1 were decreased. Importantly, M2 macrophages derived from HD or patients with RA showed both a decreased ratio of interleukin (IL)-10/IL-6 and IL-10/IL-8 upon stimulation with TLR2 ligand Pam3 compared with TLR4 ligand LPS. Gene expression of TLR2 was increased, whereas TLR4 expression was decreased, by TLR ligand stimulation. MAPKs p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase were activated more strongly in M2 than in M1 macrophages by Pam3 or LPS. Conclusions We show that the anti-inflammatory activity of M2 macrophages is reduced in the presence of abundant TLR2 ligands without significant changes in cell surface markers. Thus, the classical M1/M2 paradigm based on cellular markers does not apply to macrophage functions in inflammatory conditions such as RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1447-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Quero
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Manigold
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhuang Y, Liu J, Ma P, Bai J, Ding Y, Yang H, Fan Y, Lin M, Li S, Hou Q. Tamarixinin A Alleviates Joint Destruction of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Blockade of MAPK and NF-κB Activation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:538. [PMID: 28860993 PMCID: PMC5559718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tamarixinin A, a natural tannin isolated from Myricaria bracteata, has been confirmed to have moderate anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. However, how it effects rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of tamarixinin A on experimental RA, and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: The anti-arthritic effects of tamarixinin A were evaluated on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats. The hind paw thickness, inflammatory cytokine levels in serum, and histopathological assessments were determined. The arthritis score was evaluated. Activation of p38 and p65 in AIA rats was also determined. The anti-inflammatory effect in vitro was also tested in LPS induced macrophages, and its related anti-inflammatory signaling pathways were explored. Results: Treatment with tamarixinin A significantly suppressed the progression and development of RA in CIA mice and AIA rats. Both in CIA mice and AIA rats, arthritis scores decreased, paw swelling and thickness were reduced, and joint destruction was alleviated. In AIA rats, tamarixinin A significantly inhibited the expression of p38, p-p38 and p65. In addition, tamarixinin A inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK and p65, as well as the nuclear translocation of p38 in LPS- induced macrophages. Conclusion: Tamarixinin A is a potential effective candidate compound for human RA treatment, which executes anti-arthritic effects potentially through down-regulating MAPK and NF-κB signal pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jiabao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Pei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jinye Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yasi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Yannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Mingbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Qi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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Chandrupatla DMSH, Jansen G, Vos R, Verlaan M, Chen Q, Low PS, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA, van der Laken CJ, Molthoff CFM. In-vivo monitoring of anti-folate therapy in arthritic rats using [ 18F]fluoro-PEG-folate and positron emission tomography. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:114. [PMID: 28569209 PMCID: PMC5452381 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Folate receptor β (FRβ) is involved in facilitating cellular uptake of folates and anti-folates (such as methotrexate (MTX)). In rheumatoid arthritis, FRβ is expressed on synovial macrophages and recently has been explored as a biomarker for imaging in arthritic rats using the folate-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this folate tracer can also be used to monitor therapeutic efficacy of MTX in arthritic rats. Methods Arthritic rats received either no treatment or MTX therapy (1 mg/kg, either 2× or 4×). Healthy rats did not receive any arthritic induction or therapy. [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET-CT scans (60 min) were performed before and after MTX therapy. Following PET, the ex-vivo tissue distribution of radioactivity was determined in excised knees and multiple tissues. Synovial macrophage infiltration in knee sections was quantified by immunohistochemistry using ED1 and ED2 antibodies. Results PET scans clearly visualized increased uptake of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate in arthritic knees compared with contralateral knees. Significantly lower standard uptake values (1.5-fold, p < 0.01) were observed in arthritic knees of both MTX-treated groups after therapy, approximating the levels seen in healthy rats. Consistently, ex-vivo tissue distribution demonstrated a 2–4-fold lower tracer uptake in the arthritic knee of 2× and 4× MTX-treated rats, respectively, compared with control rats. These results were corroborated with significantly reduced (2–4-fold, p < 0.01) ED1-positive and ED2-positive synovial macrophages in arthritic knees of the MTX-treated rats compared with those of the control rats. Conclusion This study in arthritic rats underscores the potential and usefulness of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET as a therapeutic monitoring tool of MTX therapy and potentially other anti-folate treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga M S H Chandrupatla
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Vos
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qingshou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Arthritis models: usefulness and interpretation. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:469-486. [PMID: 28349194 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of arthritis are used to better understand pathophysiology of a disease or to seek potential therapeutic targets or strategies. Focusing on models currently used for studying rheumatoid arthritis, we show here in which extent models were invaluable to enlighten different mechanisms such as the role of innate immunity, T and B cells, vessels, or microbiota. Moreover, models were the starting point of in vivo application of cytokine-blocking strategies such as anti-TNF or anti-IL-6 treatments. The most popular models are the different types of collagen-induced arthritis and arthritis in KBN mice. As spontaneous arthritides, human TNF-α transgenic mice are a reliable model. It is mandatory to use animal models in the respect of ethical procedure, particularly regarding the number of animals and the control of pain. Moreover, design of experiments should be of the highest level, animal models of arthritis being dedicated to exploration of well-based novelties, and never used for confirmation or replication of already proven concepts. The best interpretations of data in animal models of arthritis suppose integrated research, including translational studies from animals to humans.
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Taroni JN, Greene CS, Martyanov V, Wood TA, Christmann RB, Farber HW, Lafyatis RA, Denton CP, Hinchcliff ME, Pioli PA, Mahoney JM, Whitfield ML. A novel multi-network approach reveals tissue-specific cellular modulators of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Genome Med 2017; 9:27. [PMID: 28330499 PMCID: PMC5363043 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by skin fibrosis. Internal organ involvement is heterogeneous. It is unknown whether disease mechanisms are common across all involved affected tissues or if each manifestation has a distinct underlying pathology. Methods We used consensus clustering to compare gene expression profiles of biopsies from four SSc-affected tissues (skin, lung, esophagus, and peripheral blood) from patients with SSc, and the related conditions pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and derived a consensus disease-associate signature across all tissues. We used this signature to query tissue-specific functional genomic networks. We performed novel network analyses to contrast the skin and lung microenvironments and to assess the functional role of the inflammatory and fibrotic genes in each organ. Lastly, we tested the expression of macrophage activation state-associated gene sets for enrichment in skin and lung using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results We identified a common pathogenic gene expression signature—an immune–fibrotic axis—indicative of pro-fibrotic macrophages (MØs) in multiple tissues (skin, lung, esophagus, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells) affected by SSc. While the co-expression of these genes is common to all tissues, the functional consequences of this upregulation differ by organ. We used this disease-associated signature to query tissue-specific functional genomic networks to identify common and tissue-specific pathologies of SSc and related conditions. In contrast to skin, in the lung-specific functional network we identify a distinct lung-resident MØ signature associated with lipid stimulation and alternative activation. In keeping with our network results, we find distinct MØ alternative activation transcriptional programs in SSc-associated PF lung and in the skin of patients with an “inflammatory” SSc gene expression signature. Conclusions Our results suggest that the innate immune system is central to SSc disease processes but that subtle distinctions exist between tissues. Our approach provides a framework for examining molecular signatures of disease in fibrosis and autoimmune diseases and for leveraging publicly available data to understand common and tissue-specific disease processes in complex human diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0417-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N Taroni
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 7400 Remsen, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Viktor Martyanov
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 7400 Remsen, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Tammara A Wood
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 7400 Remsen, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Romy B Christmann
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harrison W Farber
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert A Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Monique E Hinchcliff
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Patricia A Pioli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - J Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, HSRF 426, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Michael L Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 7400 Remsen, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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The Effect of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolic Acid on CD14+ Monocyte Activation and Function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170806. [PMID: 28122021 PMCID: PMC5266297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play key roles in many disease states, including cellular and humoral rejection after solid organ transplantation (SOT). To suppress alloimmunity after SOT, immunosuppressive drug therapy is necessary. However, little is known about the effects of the immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (MPA) on monocyte activation and function. Here, the effect of these immunosuppressants on monocytes was investigated by measuring phosphorylation of three intracellular signaling proteins which all have a major role in monocyte function: p38MAPK, ERK and Akt. In addition, biological functions downstream of these signaling pathways were studied, including cytokine production, phagocytosis and differentiation into macrophages. To this end, blood samples from healthy volunteers were spiked with diverse concentrations of tacrolimus and MPA. Tacrolimus (200 ng/ml) inhibited phosphorylation of p38MAPK by 30% (mean) in CD14+ monocytes which was significantly less than in activated CD3+ T cells (max 60%; p < 0.05). This immunosuppressive agent also partly inhibited p-AKT (14%). MPA, at a therapeutic concentration showed the strongest effect on p-AKT (27% inhibition). p-ERK was inhibited with a maximum of 15% after spiking with either tacrolimus or MPA. The production of IL-1β and phagocytosis by monocytes were not affected by tacrolimus concentrations, whereas MPA did inhibit IL-1β production by 50%. Monocyte/macrophage polarization was shifted to an M2-like phenotype in the presence of tacrolimus, while MPA increased the expression of M2 surface markers, including CD163 and CD200R, on M1 macrophages. These results show that tacrolimus and MPA do not strongly affect monocyte function, apart from a change in macrophage polarization, to a clinically relevant degree.
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Anticitrullinated protein antibodies: origin and role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:57-64. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anti-colony-stimulating factor therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 16:53-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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