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Mrisho M, Mwangoka G, Ali AM, Mkopi A, Mahende MK, Temu S, Msuya HM, Kazyoba PE, Abdallah G, Mihayo M, Juma O, Hamad A, Jongo S, Lweno O, Tumbo A, Mswata S, Kassim KR, Kishimba R, Haruna H, Kassa H, Kapologwe N, Rashid M, Abdulla S. Pilot deployment of a community health care worker in distributing and offering the COVID-19 AgRDT in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11679. [PMID: 38778088 PMCID: PMC11111661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A pilot implementation of the rapid diagnostic test program was performed to collect evidence of the feasibility, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 AgRDT in Tanzania. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in the community to provide quantitative details of the pilot implementation of the antigen rapid diagnostic test (AgRDT) in Tanzania. This study was undertaken between March 2022 and September 2022. The pilot was implemented by distributing and offering test kits to people suspected of having COVID-19 in Dar es Salaam through community health workers. A total of 1039 participants consented to participate in the survey. All the participants reported having heard about the disease. The radio was the main source (93.2%) of information on COVID-19. With regard to prevention measures, approximately 930 (89.5%) of the respondents thought that COVID-19 could be prevented. Approximately 1035 (99.6%) participants reported that they were willing to have a COVID-19 AgRDT test and wait for 20 min for the results. With regard to the participants' opinions on the AgRDT device, the majority 907 (87.3%) felt comfortable with the test, and 1,029 (99.0%) were very likely to recommend the AgRDT test to their friends. The majority of participants 848 (83.1%) mentioned that they would be willing to pay for the test if it was not available for free. The results suggest overall good acceptance of the COVID-19 AgRDT test. It is evident that the use of trained community healthcare workers allows easy screening of all possible suspects and helps them receive early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwifadhi Mrisho
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Grace Mwangoka
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ali M Ali
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abdallah Mkopi
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhidin K Mahende
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Silas Temu
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hajirani M Msuya
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul E Kazyoba
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P O Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gumi Abdallah
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Michael Mihayo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omar Juma
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ali Hamad
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Said Jongo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omar Lweno
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anneth Tumbo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Mswata
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kamaka R Kassim
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Hussein Haruna
- Ministry of Health (MoH), P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Hellen Kassa
- FIND|Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ntuli Kapologwe
- Department of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition Services, President's Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG), P.O Box 1923, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Al-Ansari F, Al-Ansari B, Abdulzahra MS, Rashid H, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Al-Ansari MB, Al-Fatlaw SM, Mawash M, Al Ansari M, Conigrave KM. Managing risk of infectious disease transmission at religious mass gatherings: Insights from survey, COVID-19 PCR, and antibody tests from Arbaeen walkers in 2020. Lung India 2024; 41:185-191. [PMID: 38687229 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_431_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbaeen in Iraq has been one of the largest mass gatherings during the COVID-19 pandemic with 14.5 million attendees in 2020. We set out to assess the prevalence of current or past COVID-19 among 2020 Arbaeen participants, and establish associations between COVID-19 test results, symptoms, and known recent exposure. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving participants who joined Arbaeen walk in Iraq in October 2020. COVID-19 PCR and/or rapid antibody test were conducted among consented participants. A short questionnaire was administered. Rapid antibody testing was done onsite. Nasal and throat swab samples were transferred to the laboratory for PCR testing. RESULTS A total of 835 (88.3% male; 11.7% female) participants were recruited. The most common symptom overall was cough (9.6%) followed by sore throat, fever, and loss of taste/smell (6.6%, 5.5%, and 5.0%, respectively). One in five (20.3%) participants reported close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case in the past 14 days. Of the 237 participants with a PCR test, 18 (7.6%) were positive. Of the 765 participants with rapid antibody test, 19.3% tested positive for IgM, 39.3% for IgG, and 16.4% for both. Approximately 40% of the participants had evidence of current or past COVID-19 infection based on antibody and PCR. CONCLUSIONS The almost 1 in 10 COVID-19 cases within such a multimillion person gathering, illustrates the difficulty in limiting the participation of infectious individuals in religious mass gatherings. There is a pressing need to explore measures to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases at major mass gathering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Ansari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Basma Al-Ansari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Harunor Rashid
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Grant A Hill-Cawthorne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Mawash
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Al Ansari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine M Conigrave
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Drug Health Services, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Robotti C, Costantini G, Saggio G, Cesarini V, Calastri A, Maiorano E, Piloni D, Perrone T, Sabatini U, Ferretti VV, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Gravina A, Sakib A, Alessi E, Pietrantonio F, Pascucci M, Casali D, Zarezadeh Z, Zoppo VD, Pisani A, Benazzo M. Machine Learning-based Voice Assessment for the Detection of Positive and Recovered COVID-19 Patients. J Voice 2024; 38:796.e1-796.e13. [PMID: 34965907 PMCID: PMC8616736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many virological tests have been implemented during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for diagnostic purposes, but they appear unsuitable for screening purposes. Furthermore, current screening strategies are not accurate enough to effectively curb the spread of the disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted within a controlled clinical environment to determine eventual detectable variations in the voice of COVID-19 patients, recovered and healthy subjects, and also to determine whether machine learning-based voice assessment (MLVA) can accurately discriminate between them, thus potentially serving as a more effective mass-screening tool. Three different subpopulations were consecutively recruited: positive COVID-19 patients, recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals as controls. Positive patients were recruited within 10 days from nasal swab positivity. Recovery from COVID-19 was established clinically, virologically and radiologically. Healthy individuals reported no COVID-19 symptoms and yielded negative results at serological testing. All study participants provided three trials for multiple vocal tasks (sustained vowel phonation, speech, cough). All recordings were initially divided into three different binary classifications with a feature selection, ranking and cross-validated RBF-SVM pipeline. This brough a mean accuracy of 90.24%, a mean sensitivity of 91.15%, a mean specificity of 89.13% and a mean AUC of 0.94 across all tasks and all comparisons, and outlined the sustained vowel as the most effective vocal task for COVID discrimination. Moreover, a three-way classification was carried out on an external test set comprised of 30 subjects, 10 per class, with a mean accuracy of 80% and an accuracy of 100% for the detection of positive subjects. Within this assessment, recovered individuals proved to be the most difficult class to identify, and all the misclassified subjects were declared positive; this might be related to mid and short-term vocal traces of COVID-19, even after the clinical resolution of the infection. In conclusion, MLVA may accurately discriminate between positive COVID-19 patients, recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. Further studies should test MLVA among larger populations and asymptomatic positive COVID-19 patients to validate this novel screening technology and test its potential application as a potentially more effective surveillance strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Robotti
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Saggio
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Cesarini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Calastri
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Maiorano
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Piloni
- Pneumology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziano Perrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Sabatini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Valeria Ferretti
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gravina
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ahmed Sakib
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Alessi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale dei Castelli ASL Roma 6, Ariccia, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Pascucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Ospedale dei Castelli ASL Roma 6, Ariccia, Italy
| | - Daniele Casali
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Zakarya Zarezadeh
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Del Zoppo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Benazzo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Costa JP, Meireles P, Meletis E, Kostoulas P, Severo M. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies using a Bayesian latent class model approach. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 168:111267. [PMID: 38307216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing the accuracy of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 was challenging due to the lack of a gold standard. This study aimed to estimate the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2-specific serological tests using Bayesian latent class models (BLCM) and compare methods with and without a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING In this study, we analyzed 356 samples-254 positives, ie, from individuals with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis, and 102 negatives, ie, prepandemic samples-using six different rapid serological tests and one laboratory assay. A BLCM was employed to concurrently estimate the sensitivity and specificity of all serological tests for the immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2. Noninformative priors were used. A sensitivity analysis was conducted considering three methods: 1) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR) as the gold standard, 2) BLCM with RT-PCR as an imperfect gold standard, and 3) frequentist latent class model (LCM). All analyses used software R version 4.3.0, and BLCM were fitted using package runjags using the software JAGS (Just Another Gibbs Sampler). RESULTS The BLCM-derived sensitivity for IgM varied from 10.7% [95% credibility interval (CrI):1.9-24.6] to 96.9% (95% CrI: 91.0-100.0), with specificities ranging from 48.3% (95% CrI: 39.0-57.6) to 98.9% (95% CrI: 96.2-100.0). Sensitivity for IgG varied between 76.9% (95% CrI: 68.2-84.7) and 99.1% (95% CrI: 96.1-100.0), and specificity ranged from 49.9% (95% CrI: 19.4-95.8) to 99.3% (95% CrI: 97.2-100.0). LCM results were comparable to BLCM. Considering the RT-PCR as a gold standard underestimated the tests' sensitivity, particularly for IgM. CONCLUSION BLCM-derived results deviated from those using a gold standard, which underestimated the tests' characteristics, particularly sensitivity. Although Bayesian and frequentist LCM approaches yielded comparable results, BLCM had the benefit of enabling credibility interval computation even when sample power is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Meireles
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Faculty of Public & One Health, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public & One Health, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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Manak M, Gagnon L, Phay-Tran S, Levesque-Damphousse P, Fabie A, Daugan M, Khan ST, Proud P, Hussey B, Knott D, Charlton S, Hallis B, Medigeshi GR, Garg N, Anantharaj A, Raqib R, Sarker P, Alam MM, Rahman M, Murreddu M, Balgobind A, Hofman R, Grappi S, Coluccio R, Calandro P, Montomoli E, Mattiuzzo G, Prior S, Le Duff Y, Page M, Mitchell J, Schwartz LM, Bartsch YC, Azizi A, Bernasconi V. Standardised quantitative assays for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response used in vaccine clinical trials by the CEPI Centralized Laboratory Network: a qualification analysis. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e216-e225. [PMID: 38278167 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate quantitation of immune markers is crucial for ensuring reliable assessment of vaccine efficacy against infectious diseases. This study was designed to confirm standardised performance of SARS-CoV-2 assays used to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine candidates at the initial seven laboratories (in North America, Europe, and Asia) of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) Centralized Laboratory Network (CLN). METHODS Three ELISAs (pre-spike protein, receptor binding domain, and nucleocapsid), a microneutralisation assay (MNA), a pseudotyped virus-based neutralisation assay (PNA), and an IFN-γ T-cell ELISpot assay were developed, validated or qualified, and transferred to participating laboratories. Immune responses were measured in ELISA laboratory units (ELU) for ELISA, 50% neuralisation dilution (ND50) for MNA, 50% neutralisation titre (NT50) for PNA, and spot-forming units for the ELISpot assay. Replicate assay results of well characterised panels and controls of blood samples from individuals with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated by geometric mean ratios, standard deviation, linear regression, and Spearman correlation analysis for consistency, accuracy, and linearity of quantitative measurements across all laboratories. FINDINGS High reproducibility of results across all laboratories was demonstrated, with interlaboratory precision of 4·1-7·7% coefficient of variation for all three ELISAs, 3·8-19·5% for PNA, and 17·1-24·1% for MNA, over a linear range of 11-30 760 ELU per mL for the three ELISAs, 14-7876 NT50 per mL for PNA, and 21-25 587 ND50 per mL for MNA. The MNA was also adapted for detection of neutralising antibodies against the major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. The results of PNA and MNA (r=0·864) and of ELISA and PNA (r=0·928) were highly correlated. The IFN-γ ELISpot interlaboratory variability was 15·9-49·9% coefficient of variation. Sensitivity and specificity were close to 100% for all assays. INTERPRETATION The CEPI CLN provides accurate quantitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response across laboratories to allow direct comparisons of different vaccine formulations in different geographical areas. Lessons learned from this programme will serve as a model for faster responses to future pandemic threats and roll-out of effective vaccines. FUNDING CEPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Manak
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Luc Gagnon
- Nexelis, Q2 Solutions, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neha Garg
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | | | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddrb), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddrb), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mamun Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddrb), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddrb), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giada Mattiuzzo
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, UK
| | - Sandra Prior
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, UK
| | - Yann Le Duff
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, UK
| | - Mark Page
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, UK
| | - Jane Mitchell
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, UK
| | | | | | - Ali Azizi
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Oslo, Norway
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Ritto AP, de Araujo AL, de Carvalho CRR, De Souza HP, Favaretto PMES, Saboya VRB, Garcia ML, Kulikowski LD, Kallás EG, Pereira AJR, Cobello Junior V, Silva KR, Abdalla ERF, Segurado AAC, Sabino EC, Ribeiro Junior U, Francisco RPV, Miethke-Morais A, Levin ASS, Sawamura MVY, Ferreira JC, Silva CA, Mauad T, Gouveia NDC, Letaif LSH, Bego MA, Battistella LR, Duarte AJDS, Seelaender MCL, Marchini J, Forlenza OV, Rocha VG, Mendes-Correa MC, Costa SF, Cerri GG, Bonfá ESDDO, Chammas R, de Barros Filho TEP, Busatto Filho G. Data-driven, cross-disciplinary collaboration: lessons learned at the largest academic health center in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369129. [PMID: 38476486 PMCID: PMC10927964 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted global research efforts to reduce infection impact, highlighting the potential of cross-disciplinary collaboration to enhance research quality and efficiency. Methods At the FMUSP-HC academic health system, we implemented innovative flow management routines for collecting, organizing and analyzing demographic data, COVID-related data and biological materials from over 4,500 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized from 2020 to 2022. This strategy was mainly planned in three areas: organizing a database with data from the hospitalizations; setting-up a multidisciplinary taskforce to conduct follow-up assessments after discharge; and organizing a biobank. Additionally, a COVID-19 curated collection was created within the institutional digital library of academic papers to map the research output. Results Over the course of the experience, the possible benefits and challenges of this type of research support approach were identified and discussed, leading to a set of recommended strategies to enhance collaboration within the research institution. Demographic and clinical data from COVID-19 hospitalizations were compiled in a database including adults and a minority of children and adolescents with laboratory confirmed COVID-19, covering 2020-2022, with approximately 350 fields per patient. To date, this database has been used in 16 published studies. Additionally, we assessed 700 adults 6 to 11 months after hospitalization through comprehensive, multidisciplinary in-person evaluations; this database, comprising around 2000 fields per subject, was used in 15 publications. Furthermore, thousands of blood samples collected during the acute phase and follow-up assessments remain stored for future investigations. To date, more than 3,700 aliquots have been used in ongoing research investigating various aspects of COVID-19. Lastly, the mapping of the overall research output revealed that between 2020 and 2022 our academic system produced 1,394 scientific articles on COVID-19. Discussion Research is a crucial component of an effective epidemic response, and the preparation process should include a well-defined plan for organizing and sharing resources. The initiatives described in the present paper were successful in our aim to foster large-scale research in our institution. Although a single model may not be appropriate for all contexts, cross-disciplinary collaboration and open data sharing should make health research systems more efficient to generate the best evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ritto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Heraldo Possolo De Souza
- Departamento de Emergências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Manga e Silva Favaretto
- Diretoria Executiva dos Laboratórios de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Renata Boldrim Saboya
- Diretoria Executiva dos Laboratórios de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Louvaes Garcia
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Esper Georges Kallás
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vilson Cobello Junior
- Núcleo Especializado em Tecnologia da Informação, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Regina Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eidi Raquel Franco Abdalla
- Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluisio Augusto Cotrim Segurado
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro Junior
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Miethke-Morais
- Diretoria Clínica, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Sara Shafferman Levin
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Valente Yamada Sawamura
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson da Cruz Gouveia
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Suemi Harima Letaif
- Diretoria Clínica, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Bego
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Linamara Rizzo Battistella
- Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Divisão de Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Marchini
- Departamento de Emergências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Geraldo Rocha
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Guido Cerri
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Chammas
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Umrao S, Zheng M, Jin X, Yao S, Wang X. Net-Shaped DNA Nanostructure-Based Lateral Flow Assays for Rapid and Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3291-3299. [PMID: 38306661 PMCID: PMC10922791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow assay (LFA)-based rapid antigen tests are experiencing extensive global uptake as an expeditious and highly effective modality for the screening of viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. While these devices have played a significant role in alleviating the burden on the public healthcare system, their specificity and sensitivity fall short compared with molecular tests. In this study, we endeavor to address both limitations through the utilization of DNA nanotechnology in LFA format, wherein we substitute the target-specific antibody with designer DNA nanostructure-based molecular probes for recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus via multivalent, pattern-matching interactions. We meticulously designed a Net-shaped DNA nanostructure and strategically arranged trimeric clusters of aptamers that specifically recognize the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This approach has proven instrumental in bolstering virus-binding affinity on the LFAs. Our findings indicate high LFA sensitivity, enabling the detection of viral loads ranging from 103 to 108 viral copies/mL. This notable sensitivity is maintained across various SARS-CoV-2 viral strains, obviating the need for intricate sample preparation protocols. The significance of this heightened sensitivity lies in the crucial role played by the designer DNA nanostructure, which facilitates the detection of extremely low levels of viral loads. This not only enhances the overall reliability of self-testing but also reduces the likelihood of false-negative results, especially in cases of low viral load within patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mengxi Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiaohe Jin
- Atom Bioworks Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Sherwood Yao
- Atom Bioworks Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Xu J, Chen J, Wen F, Liu K, Chen Y. Detection methods and dynamic characteristics of specific antibodies in patients with COVID-19: A review of the early literature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24580. [PMID: 38317938 PMCID: PMC10839880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Early and accurate diagnosis and quarantine remain the most effective mitigation strategy. Although reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, recent studies suggest that nucleic acids were undetectable in a significant number of cases with clinical features of COVID-19.Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 play a role in diagnosis of COVID-19, in understanding viral epidemiology and screening convalescent sera for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, to better understand the immune response to the virus, and to assess the degree and duration of the response of specific antibodies. In this article, we retrieved PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WEB OF SCI databases for articles and reviews published before December 1, 2022. Using "IgM, IgG,IgA, neutralizing antibody, specific antibody,COVID-19, dynamic characteristics" as keywords, and comprehensively reviewed on their basis.According to the authors' criteria, only articles deemed relevant were included, covering original articles, case series, experimental studies, reviews, and case reports. Articles on performance evaluation, opinion pieces, and technical issues were excluded. From the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, the median time of seroconversion was 11 days for immunoglobulin A (IgA), the median time of peak antibody titer was 23 (16-30 days) for IgA.Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is detected prior to immunoglobulin G (IgG), peaking 2-5 weeks post symptom onset and detectable for a minimum of 8 weeks in the immunocompetent.Neutralizing antibodies were earliest detectable within 6-7 days following disease onset, with levels increasing until days 14-22 before levelling and then decreasing, but titres were lower in clinically mild disease. Different clinical types of patients showed different antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, with severe COVID-19 patients > non-severe COVID-19 patients > asymptomatic infected persons, but no difference in the early stage of the disease. Usually, IgM and IgA antibodies are detectable earlier than IgG antibodies.IgA antibodys plays an important role in local mucosal immunity.Detection of IgM antibodies tends to indicate recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2, whereas the detection of COVID-19 IgG antibodies indicates virus exposure some time ago. The detection of potent neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma is important in the context of development of therapeutics and vaccines.With the emergence of immune escape variants of SARS-CoV-2, humoral immunity is being challenged, and a detailed understanding of Specific antibodies is critical to guide vaccine design strategies and antibody-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fazhi Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - KangSheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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9
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Rachel Bezerra Gurgel A, Augusto Coelho Guimarães J, Chakur Brum P, Carlos Pedroso de Lima A, Giavina-Bianchi P, Henrique Mesquita Peres C, Cristina Peres Braido Francisco M, Garcia Neves dos Santos L, de Cassia Cezar Santos R, Eliana Beseggio Santos R, Corá A, José da Silva Duarte A, dos Santos Lazari C, Jose Pereira A, Cerdeira Sabino E, Corchs F, Cotrim Segurado A, Figueiredo Costa S, Levin AS. Impacts of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on leisure and transportation physical activity among healthcare workers. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102587. [PMID: 38288262 PMCID: PMC10823129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic may lead to reduced physical activity (PA) in health care workers (HCWs). Objective To evaluate leisure and transport-related PA in HCW of a COVID-19-dedicated hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,527 HCWs. Socioeconomic aspects, occupational characteristics, and engagement in leisure and transport-related PA were investigated through an online survey administered in August of 2020. Results More than 80 % HCWs performed < 150 min/week of leisure-related PA, and 85 % performed ≤ 30 min/day transport-related PA. Being male was associated with more PA (OR: 1.93; 95 % CI:1.40-2.66) and transport-related PA; working in nursing, physical therapy, and cleaning/housekeeping services was associated with low PA (OR: 0.70; 95 % CI:0.51-0.95). Physicians and administrative staff were less active in transport-related PA. Conclusions HCWs working in a COVID-19 hospital had low levels of PA in the domains of leisure and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Cezar Santos
- Divisão de Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Corá
- Divisão de Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Divisão de Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina dos Santos Lazari
- Divisão de Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Jose Pereira
- Covid-19 Emergency Committee, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- LIM-46, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corchs
- Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluísio Cotrim Segurado
- Divisão de Moléstias Infecciosas, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM-49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- LIM-49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S. Levin
- Divisão de Moléstias Infecciosas, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM-49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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de Araujo WR, Lukas H, Torres MDT, Gao W, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1757-1777. [PMID: 38189684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Ajmera H, Lakhawat SS, Malik N, Kumar A, Bhatti JS, Kumar V, Gogoi H, Jaswal SK, Chandel S, Sharma PK. Global Emergence of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Scientific Interventions to Contain its Spread. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:307-325. [PMID: 38265408 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037274719231212044235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to public health, necessitating rapid scientific interventions to tackle the spread of infection. The review discusses the key areas of research on COVID-19 including viral genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The genome sequencing of the virus facilitated the tracking of its evolution, transmission dynamics, and identification of variants. Epidemiological studies have provided insights into disease spread, risk factors, and the impact of public health infrastructure and social distancing measures. Investigations of the viral pathogenesis have elucidated the mechanisms underlying immune responses and severe manifestations including the long-term effects of COVID-19. Overall, the article provides an updated overview of the diagnostic methods developed for SARS-CoV-2 and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate utilization in different clinical and public health settings. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches including antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and repurposed medications have been investigated to alleviate disease severity and improve patient outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of these scientific efforts, the review provides an overview of the advancements made in understanding and tackling SARS-CoV-2, while underscoring the need for continued research to address the evolving challenges posed by this global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Ajmera
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | | | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd milestone Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jaswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Sanjeev Chandel
- Department of Nursing, GHG College of Nursing Rajkot Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India
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12
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Shoute LCT, Charlton CL, Kanji JN, Babiuk S, Babiuk L, Chen J. Faradaic Impedimetric Immunosensor for Label-Free Point-of-Care Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using Gold-Interdigitated Electrode Array. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38248383 PMCID: PMC10812953 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Label-free electrochemical biosensors have many desirable characteristics in terms of miniaturization, scalability, digitization, and other attributes associated with point-of-care (POC) applications. In the era of COVID-19 and pandemic preparedness, further development of such biosensors will be immensely beneficial for rapid testing and disease management. Label-free electrochemical biosensors often employ [Fe(CN)6]-3/4 redox probes to detect low-concentration target analytes as they dramatically enhance sensitivity. However, such Faradaic-based sensors are reported to experience baseline signal drift, which compromises the performance of these devices. Here, we describe the use of a mecaptohexanoic (MHA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified Au-interdigitated electrode arrays (IDA) to investigate the origin of the baseline signal drift, developed a protocol to resolve the issue, and presented insights into the underlying mechanism on the working of label-free electrochemical biosensors. Using this protocol, we demonstrate the application of MHA SAM-modified Au-IDA for POC analysis of human serum samples. We describe the use of a label-free electrochemical biosensor based on covalently conjugated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for POC detection of COVID-19 antibodies. The test requires a short incubation time (10 min), and has a sensitivity of 35.4/decade (35.4%/10 ng mL-1) and LOD of 21 ng/mL. Negligible cross reactivity to seasonal human coronavirus or other endogenous antibodies was observed. Our studies also show that Faradaic biosensors are ~17 times more sensitive than non-Faradaic biosensors. We believe the work presented here contributes to the fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of baseline signal drift and will be applicable to future development of electrochemical biosensors for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C. T. Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Carmen L. Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (C.L.C.); (J.N.K.)
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2N 1M7, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jamil N. Kanji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (C.L.C.); (J.N.K.)
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2N 1M7, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada;
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lorne Babiuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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13
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Lopes-Luz L, Fogaça MBT, Bentivoglio-Silva BG, Saavedra DP, Alves LM, Franca LV, Crispim GJB, de Andrade IA, Ribeiro BM, Nagata T, Bührer-Sékula S. A novel highly specific biotinylated MAC-ELISA for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen IgM antibodies during the acute phase of COVID-19. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2893-2901. [PMID: 37930615 PMCID: PMC10689632 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19 in the acute phase is RT-qPCR. However, this molecular technique can yield false-negative results when nasopharyngeal swab collection is not conducted during viremia. To mitigate this challenge, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identifies anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in the initial weeks after symptom onset, facilitating early COVID-19 diagnosis. This study introduces a novel and highly specific IgM antibody capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA), which utilizes biotinylated recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen produced in plants. Our biotinylated approach streamlines the procedure by eliminating the requirement for an anti-N-conjugated antibody, circumventing the need for peroxidase-labeled antigens, and preventing cross-reactivity with IgM autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor. Performance evaluation of the assay involved assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy using 682 RT-qPCR-positive samples, categorized by weeks relative to symptoms onset. Negative controls included 205 pre-pandemic serum samples and 46 serum samples from patients diagnosed with other diseases. Based on a cut-off of 0.087 and ROC curve analysis, the highest sensitivity of 81.2% was observed in the 8-14 days post-symptom (dps) group (2nd week), followed by sensitivities of 73.8% and 68.37% for the 1-7 dps (1st week) and 15-21 dps groups (3rd week), respectively. Specificity was consistently 100% across all groups. This newly developed biotinylated N-MAC-ELISA offers a more streamlined and cost-effective alternative to molecular diagnostics. It enables simultaneous testing of multiple samples and effectively identifies individuals with false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaça
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | | | - Djairo Pastor Saavedra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Luana Michele Alves
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Luísa Valério Franca
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ikaro Alves de Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil.
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A Alliance, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil.
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14
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Alegría-Baños JA, Rosas-Alvarado MA, Jiménez-López JC, Juárez-Muciño M, Méndez-Celis CA, Enríquez-De Los Santos ST, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Prada-Ortega D. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and risk factors for mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at alternate care site: a Latin American experience. Ann Med 2023; 55:2224049. [PMID: 37322999 PMCID: PMC10281393 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2224049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of Alternate Care Sites (ACS) helped the most severely impacted countries expand their response capability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Alternate Care Site in Mexico City. PATIENTS AND METHODS A monocentric cohort study was conducted at Mexico City's Temporary Unit COVID-19 (UTC-19). Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment variables were included in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 4865 patients were included, with a mean age of 49.33 years ± SD 15.28 years (IQR 38 to 60 years); 50.53% were women. 63.53% of the patients presented at least one comorbidity, the most frequent being: obesity (39.94%), systemic arterial hypertension (25.14%), and diabetes mellitus (21.52%). A total of 4549 patients (93.50%) were discharged due to improvement, 64 patients (1.31%) requested voluntary discharge, 39 patients (0.80%) were referred to another unit, and 213 patients (4.37%) died. Factors that were independently and significantly associated with death included male gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.60), age ≥ 50 years (OR 14.75), null or low schooling (OR 3.47), have at least one comorbidity (OR 3.26), atrial fibrillation (OR 22.14). In the multivariate analysis, the lymphopenia ≤ 1 × 103/μL (OR 1.91), and having required steroid treatment (OR 2.85), supplemental oxygen with high-flow nasal cannula (OR 3.12) or invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 42.52), was significantly associated with an increased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at ACS in Mexico City.KEY MESSAGESAn Alternate Care Site (ACS) is any building or structure that is temporarily converted or constructed for healthcare use during a public health emergency.Factors associated with death included male gender, age over 50 years, and lower educational attainment (elementary school or less).The findings corroborate the utility of the CALL score as a predictor of mortality; lymphopenia ≤1 × 103/μL was the most relevant biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat A. Rosas-Alvarado
- General Directorate for the Provision of Medical Services and Emergencies, Mexico City Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José C. Jiménez-López
- Postgraduate in Earth Sciences, Institute of Geology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Juárez-Muciño
- General Directorate for the Provision of Medical Services and Emergencies, Mexico City Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Méndez-Celis
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Diddier Prada-Ortega
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
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15
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Vaughan A, Duffell E, Freidl GS, Lemos DS, Nardone A, Valenciano M, Subissi L, Bergeri I, K Broberg E, Penttinen P, Pebody R, Keramarou M. Systematic review of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and appraisal of evidence, prior to the widespread introduction of vaccine programmes in the WHO European Region, January-December 2020. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064240. [PMID: 37931969 PMCID: PMC10632881 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies undertaken in the WHO European Region to measure pre-existing and cumulative seropositivity prior to the roll out of vaccination programmes. DESIGN A systematic review of the literature. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the preprint servers MedRxiv and BioRxiv in the WHO 'COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease' database using a predefined search strategy. Articles were supplemented with unpublished WHO-supported Unity-aligned seroprevalence studies and other studies reported directly to WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies published before the widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in January 2021 among the general population and blood donors, at national and regional levels. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS At least two independent researchers extracted the eligible studies; a third researcher resolved any disagreements. Study risk of bias was assessed using a quality scoring system based on sample size, sampling and testing methodologies. RESULTS In total, 111 studies from 26 countries published or conducted between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 across the WHO European Region were included. A significant heterogeneity in implementation was noted across the studies, with a paucity of studies from the east of the Region. Sixty-four (58%) studies were assessed to be of medium to high risk of bias. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prior to widespread community circulation was very low. National seroprevalence estimates after circulation started ranged from 0% to 51.3% (median 2.2% (IQR 0.7-5.2%); n=124), while subnational estimates ranged from 0% to 52% (median 5.8% (IQR 2.3%-12%); n=101), with the highest estimates in areas following widespread local transmission. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in most populations prior to the start of vaccine programmes underlines the critical importance of targeted vaccination of priority groups at risk of severe disease, while maintaining reduced levels of transmission to minimise population morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Vaughan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erika Duffell
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gudrun S Freidl
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diogo Simão Lemos
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Eeva K Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Keramarou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
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16
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Batta I, Kaur T, Agrawal DK. Distinguishing Swine Flu (H1N1) from COVID-19: Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Perspectives. ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 7:271-280. [PMID: 37994372 PMCID: PMC10664801 DOI: 10.26502/ami.936500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an in-depth examination on the differences between the influenza A strain, H1N1 (also called Swine Flu) and Covid-19 focusing on the immune response and clinical symptoms. Flu symptoms due to influenza A strain, H1N1, were initially discovered in 2009. This variant of influenza A is believed to have emerged through reassortment, a process where the resulting virus inherits gene segments from each of its parental viruses. This reassortment event has resulted in a variant with altered characteristics, potentially affecting the level of immunity in humans. The symptoms of this strain typically manifest 1-4 days after exposure and include fever, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, body aches, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. The transmission dynamics of this new variant, including human-to-human transmission, are still under investigation by health authorities. Individuals with weakened immune systems are generally more susceptible to severe illness. Risk factors associated with swine flu can include older adults, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with obesity. Historical variants of swine flu, such as the 2015 variant in India, have been associated with significant case numbers and deaths, often due to respiratory failure. Since the epidemic of Covid-19 due to SARS-CoV2 in early 2020, several symptoms of COVID-19 and swine flu overlap. In this article, we critically reviewed the differences and similarities in the immune response and clinical symptoms due to H1N1 virus and SARS-CoV2 in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Batta
- Bothell High School, Bothell, Washington, USA
| | - Tejinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, DAV University, Jallandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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17
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Bamber HN, Kim JJ, Reynolds BC, Afzaal J, Lunn AJ, Tighe PJ, Irving WL, Tarr AW. Increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among UK pediatric patients on dialysis and kidney transplantation between January 2020 and August 2021. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3745-3755. [PMID: 37261514 PMCID: PMC10233184 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11 March 2020, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly across the world. We investigated the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pediatric patients on dialysis or kidney transplantation in the UK. METHODS Excess sera samples were obtained prospectively during outpatient visits or haemodialysis sessions and analysed using a custom immunoassay calibrated with population age-matched healthy controls. Two large pediatric centres contributed samples. RESULTS In total, 520 sera from 145 patients (16 peritoneal dialysis, 16 haemodialysis, 113 transplantation) were analysed cross-sectionally from January 2020 until August 2021. No anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive samples were detected in 2020 when lockdown and enhanced social distancing measures were enacted. Thereafter, the proportion of positive samples increased from 5% (January 2021) to 32% (August 2021) following the emergence of the Alpha variant. Taking all patients, 32/145 (22%) were seropositive, including 8/32 (25%) with prior laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 12/32 (38%) post-vaccination (one of whom was also infected after vaccination). The remaining 13 (41%) seropositive patients had no known stimulus, representing subclinical cases. Antibody binding signals were comparable across patient ages and dialysis versus transplantation and highest against full-length spike protein versus spike subunit-1 and nucleocapsid protein. CONCLUSIONS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in 2020 and increased in early 2021. Serological surveillance complements nucleic acid detection and antigen testing to build a greater picture of the epidemiology of COVID-19 and is therefore important to guide public health responses. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Bamber
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jon Jin Kim
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ben C Reynolds
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Javairiya Afzaal
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew J Lunn
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William L Irving
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Microbiology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexander W Tarr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Microbiology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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18
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Adnan N, Haq MA, Tisha TA, Khandker SS, Jamiruddin MR, Sajal SSA, Akter S, Ahmed MF, Raqib R, Khondoker MU, Azmuda N, Haque M. Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays for Specificity in Dengue-Co-Endemic Areas. Cureus 2023; 15:e47683. [PMID: 37899905 PMCID: PMC10599982 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The overlap in clinical presentation between COVID-19 and dengue poses challenges for diagnosis in co-endemic regions. Furthermore, there have been reports of antibody cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and dengue. Our research aims to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antigens for serological testing while reducing the possibility of cross-reactivity with anti-dengue antibodies. Method Two hundred and ten serum samples were collected from 179 patients and divided into four panels. Panels 1 and 2 consisted of COVID-19-negative healthy donors (n=81) and pre-pandemic dengue patients (n=50), respectively. Alternatively, Panel 3 (n=19) was composed of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-positive samples collected within two weeks of COVID-19 symptom onset, while Panel 4 (n=60) was composed of positive samples collected after two weeks of symptom onset. Previously developed and characterized in-house SARS-CoV-2 spike-1 (S1), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) immunoglobin G (IgG)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were used for the study. Results Six dengue-positive sera cross-reacted with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2. However, only one dengue-positive sera cross-reacted with the S1 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Co-immobilization of S1 and RBD in different ratios revealed an 80:20 (S1:RBD) ratio as optimal for achieving an overall 96.2% sensitivity with the least cross-reaction to anti-dengue antibodies. Conclusion Our findings indicated that SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based immunoassays present more cross-reactivity with anti-dengue antibodies than S1 and N proteins. Furthermore, co-immobilization of S1 and RBD reduces the cross-reactivity with anti-dengue antibodies compared to RBD, thereby increasing the immunoassay specificity without affecting overall sensitivity for the dengue-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Adnan
- Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Bio-Statistics, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Shahad Saif Khandker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Sm Shafiul Alam Sajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Salma Akter
- Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunology, Nutrition, and Toxicology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC) Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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19
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Chong Z, Rodzlan Hasani WS, Noor Asari F, Muhammad EN, Mutalip MHA, Robert Lourdes TG, Rifin HM, Singh S, Thayan R. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia: 7 August to 11 October 2020. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13193. [PMID: 37789877 PMCID: PMC10542612 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until mid-October 2020, Malaysia recorded ~15,000 confirmed cases. But there could be undiagnosed cases due mainly to asymptomatic infections. Seroprevalence studies can better quantify underlying infection from SARS-CoV-2 by identifying humoral antibodies against the virus. This study was the first to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia's general population, as well as the proportion of asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections. Methods This cross-sectional seroprevalence study with a two-stage stratified random cluster sampling design included 5,131 representative community dwellers in Malaysia aged ≥1 year. Data collection lasted from 7 August to 11 October 2020 involving venous blood sampling and interviews for history of COVID-19 symptoms and diagnosis. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as screened positive using the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed positive using the GenScript SARS-CoV-2 surrogate Virus Neutralization Test. We performed a complex sampling design analysis, calculating sample weights considering probabilities of selection, non-response rate and post-stratification weight. Results The overall weighted prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.49% (95%CI 0.28-0.85) (N = 150,857). Among the estimated population with past infection, around 84.1% (95%CI 58.84-95.12) (N = 126 826) were asymptomatic, and 90.1% (95%CI 67.06-97.58) (N = 135 866) were undiagnosed. Conclusions Our study revealed a low pre-variant and pre-vaccination seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Malaysia up to mid-October 2020, with a considerable proportion of asymptomatic and undiagnosed cases. This led to subsequent adoption of SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid test kits to increase case detection rate and to reduce time to results and infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo‐Lin Chong
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKubang KerianKelantanMalaysia
| | - Filza Noor Asari
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Halizah Mat Rifin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Sarbhan Singh
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of HealthMinistry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of HealthMinistry of Health MalaysiaSetia AlamSelangorMalaysia
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20
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Tapela K, Opurum PC, Nuokpem FY, Tetteh B, Siaw GK, Humbert MV, Tawiah-Eshun S, Barakisu AI, Asiedu K, Arhin SK, Manu AA, Appiedu-Addo SNA, Obbeng L, Quansah D, Languon S, Anyigba C, Dosoo D, Edu NKO, Oduro-Mensah D, Ampofo W, Tagoe E, Quaye O, Donkor IO, Akorli J, Aniweh Y, Christodoulides M, Mutungi J, Bediako Y, Rayner JC, Awandare GA, McCormick CJ, Quashie PK. Development of an Affordable ELISA Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Its Application to Samples from the Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic in Ghana. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:583-592. [PMID: 37462793 PMCID: PMC10435612 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The true nature of the population spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in populations is often not fully known as most cases, particularly in Africa, are asymptomatic. Finding the true magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 spread is crucial to provide actionable data about the epidemiological progress of the disease for researchers and policymakers. This study developed and optimized an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant nucleocapsid antigen expressed in-house using a simple bacterial expression system. METHODS Nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Plasma samples used for the assay development were obtained from Ghanaian SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals during the pandemic, while seronegative controls were plasma samples collected from blood donors before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Another set of seronegative controls was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibody detection and levels within the samples were validated using commercial kits and Luminex. Analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism, and the sensitivity, specificity and background cut-off were calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This low-cost ELISA (£0.96/test) assay has a high prediction of 98.9%, and sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 99%, respectively. The assay was subsequently used to screen plasma from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive Ghanaians. The assay showed no significant difference in nucleocapsid antibody levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic, with an increase of the levels over time. This is in line with our previous publication. CONCLUSION This study developed a low-cost and transferable assay that enables highly sensitive and specific detection of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. This assay can be modified to include additional antigens and used for continuous monitoring of sero-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesego Tapela
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Precious C Opurum
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Franklin Y Nuokpem
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Becky Tetteh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godfred K Siaw
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Maria V Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sylvia Tawiah-Eshun
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anna Ibrahim Barakisu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Asiedu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kojo Arhin
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Aaron A Manu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sekyibea N A Appiedu-Addo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Louisa Obbeng
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Darius Quansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claudia Anyigba
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Dosoo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nelson K O Edu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Oduro-Mensah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Ampofo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene Owusu Donkor
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Joe Mutungi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Yemaachi Biotech Inc., 222 Swaniker St, Accra, Ghana
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher J McCormick
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Peter Kojo Quashie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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21
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Duś-Ilnicka I, Mazur M, Rybińska A, Radwan-Oczko M, Jurczyszyn K, Paradowska-Stolarz A. SARS CoV-2 IgG seropositivity post-vaccination among dental professionals: a prospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:539. [PMID: 37596519 PMCID: PMC10436388 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has spread very rapidly around the world. Various regional and national lockdowns were imposed to control the spread. Meanwhile, vaccine development and population vaccination were the next steps for pandemic control. Workers in the dental field, both dentists and dental assistants, however, were close to the sources of aerosol generated during dental procedures and thus were the group of workers the most exposed to COVID-19 infection. The aim of our study was to monitor the immune response before and after the vaccine in a high-risk population, composed by dental professionals. METHODS A clinical prospective study was carried out among dental professionals at the Academic Dental Polyclinic, Wroclaw Medical University (Wrocław, Lower Silesia region, Poland). Blood samples were collected at an interval of one year - March/April 2020, before the vaccination against COVID-19, and April 2021, after the vaccination. The analysis was performed on serum with four different methods: qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative IgG count for SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS A total of 42 healthy adult volunteers participated in the study. The results showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in antibody levels before and after vaccination (1st and 2nd measurement) for each test method. The tests that were used affected the results and the test that showed the strongest relationship with the result was the Qualitative test. CONCLUSIONS Dental professionals are the adult working population most at risk for COVID-19. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2-status-related seropositivity can provide useful information occupational risk factors for dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Duś-Ilnicka
- Oral Pathology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 52-425, Poland
| | - Marta Mazur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Anna Rybińska
- Oral Pathology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 52-425, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Radwan-Oczko
- Oral Pathology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 52-425, Poland
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 50-425, Poland
| | - Anna Paradowska-Stolarz
- Division of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orhopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 52-425, Poland
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22
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Whitaker M, Davies B, Atchison C, Barclay W, Ashby D, Darzi A, Riley S, Cooke G, Donnelly CA, Chadeau-Hyam M, Elliott P, Ward H. SARS-CoV-2 rapid antibody test results and subsequent risk of hospitalisation and death in 361,801 people. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4957. [PMID: 37587102 PMCID: PMC10432566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests for estimating individual disease risk is unclear. The REACT-2 study in England, UK, obtained self-administered SARS-CoV-2 LFIA test results from 361,801 adults in January-May 2021. Here, we link to routine data on subsequent hospitalisation (to September 2021), and death (to December 2021). Among those who had received one or more vaccines, a negative LFIA is associated with increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19 (HR: 2.73 [95% confidence interval: 1.15,6.48]), death (all-cause) (HR: 1.59, 95% CI:1.07, 2.37), and death with COVID-19 as underlying cause (20.6 [1.83,232]). For people designated at high risk from COVID-19, who had received one or more vaccines, there is an additional risk of all-cause mortality of 1.9 per 1000 for those testing antibody negative compared to positive. However, the LFIA does not provide substantial predictive information over and above that which is available from detailed sociodemographic and health-related variables. Nonetheless, this simple test provides a marker which could be a valuable addition to understanding population and individual-level risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Whitaker
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bethan Davies
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Atchison
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Wendy Barclay
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Ashby
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Cooke
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christl A Donnelly
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- Health Data Research (HDR) UK London at Imperial College, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Helen Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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23
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Musa S, Catovic Baralija E, Ivey Sawin V, Nardone A, Palo M, Skocibusic S, Blazevic M, Cilovic Lagarija S, Ahmetovic‐Karic G, Ljuca A, Dostovic‐Halilovic S, Nedic R, Subissi L, Ibrahim R, Boshevska G, Bergeri I, Pebody R, Vaughan A. Evolution of seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors in Sarajevo Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13182. [PMID: 37621919 PMCID: PMC10444603 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarajevo Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has recorded several waves of high SARS-CoV-2 transmission and has struggled to reach adequate vaccination coverage. We describe the evolution of infection- and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and persistence. Methods We conducted repeated cross-sectional analyses of blood donors aged 18-65 years in Sarajevo Canton in November-December 2020 and 2021. We analyzed serum samples for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) and anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies. To assess immune durability, we conducted longitudinal analyses of seropositive participants at 6 and 12 months. Results One thousand fifteen participants were included in Phase 1 (November-December 2020) and 1152 in Phase 2 (November-December 2021). Seroprevalence increased significantly from 19.2% (95% CI: 17.2%-21.4%) in Phase 1 to 91.6% (95% CI: 89.8%-93.1%) in Phase 2. Anti-S IgG titers were significantly higher among vaccinated (58.5%) than unvaccinated infected participants across vaccine products (p < 0.001), though highest among those who received an mRNA vaccine. At 6 months, 78/82 (95.1%) participants maintained anti-spike seropositivity; at 12 months, 58/58 (100.0%) participants were seropositive, and 33 (56.9%) had completed the primary vaccine series within 6 months. Among 11 unvaccinated participants who were not re-infected at 12 months, anti-S IgG declined from median 770.1 (IQR 615.0-1321.7) to 290.8 (IQR 175.7-400.3). Anti-N IgG antibodies waned earlier, from 35.4% seropositive at 6 months to 24.1% at 12 months. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence increased significantly over 12 months from end of 2020 to end of 2021. Although individuals with previous infection may have residual protection, COVID-19 vaccination is vital to strengthening population immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Musa
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
- Sarajevo School of Science and Technology Sarajevo Medical SchoolSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elma Catovic Baralija
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Veronica Ivey Sawin
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Mirza Palo
- World Health Organization Office in Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sinisa Skocibusic
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mia Blazevic
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Seila Cilovic Lagarija
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gorana Ahmetovic‐Karic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alma Ljuca
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanela Dostovic‐Halilovic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rozalija Nedic
- Institute for Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Rawi Ibrahim
- World Health Organization Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Aisling Vaughan
- World Health Organization Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark
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24
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Pinesi HT, Giugni FR, Matuck BRS, Pitta FG, Garzillo CL, Lima EG, Kalil Filho R, Serrano Junior CV. Coronavirus disease-2019 and heart: assessment of troponin and cardiovascular comorbidities as prognostic markers in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 in a tertiary center in Brazil. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230350. [PMID: 37466607 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate the correlation of cardiac troponin T levels with comorbidities and in-hospital outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 in Brazil. METHODS Data from a cohort of 3,596 patients who were admitted with suspected coronavirus disease-2019 in a Brazilian tertiary center, between March and August 2020, were reviewed. A total of 2,441 (68%) patients had cardiac troponin T determined in the first 72 h of admission and were stratified into two groups: elevated cardiac troponin T (cardiac troponin T >0.014 ng/mL) and normal cardiac troponin T. Associations between troponin, comorbidities, biomarkers, and outcomes were assessed. Regression models were built to assess the association of several variables with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 2,441 patients were embraced, of which 924 (38%) had normal cardiac troponin T and 1,517 (62%) had elevated cardiac troponin T. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin T were older and had more comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmia, renal dysfunction, liver disease, stroke, cancer, and dementia. Patients with abnormal cardiac troponin T also had more altered laboratory parameters on admission (i.e., leukocytes, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and B-type natriuretic peptide), as well as more need for intensive care unit, vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and blood transfusion. All-cause mortality was markedly higher among patients with increased cardiac troponin T (42 vs. 16%, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that in-hospital mortality was not independently associated with troponin elevation. CONCLUSION This study showed that cardiac troponin T elevation at admission was common and associated with several comorbidities, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019, but it was not an independent marker of in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Grusnpun Pitta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coracao, Faculdade de Medicina - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Cibele Larrosa Garzillo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coracao, Faculdade de Medicina - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gomes Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coracao, Faculdade de Medicina - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Roberto Kalil Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coracao, Faculdade de Medicina - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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25
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Morgan G, Briollais L, Clausen M, Casalino S, Mighton C, Chowdhary S, Frangione E, Yiu Jordan Fung C, Arnoldo S, Bearss E, Binnie A, Borgundvaag B, Dagher M, Devine L, Friedman SM, Khan Z, McGeer A, McLeod SL, Richardson D, Stern S, Taher A, Wong I, Zarei N, Bombard Y, Lerner-Ellis J, Taher J. Public knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 serological and viral lineage laboratory testing and result interpretation: A GENCOV study cross-sectional survey. Clin Biochem 2023:110607. [PMID: 37406717 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concepts related to SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing and result interpretation can be challenging to understand. A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 positive adults residing in Ontario, Canada was conducted to explore how well people understand SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests and their associated results. DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were recruited through fliers or by prospective recruitment of outpatients and hospitalized inpatients with COVID-19. Enrolled participants included consenting adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test result. An 11-item questionnaire was developed by researchers, nurses, and physicians in the study team and was administered online between April 2021 to May 2022 upon enrolment into the study. RESULTS Responses were obtained from 940 of 1106 eligible participants (85% participation rate). Most respondents understood 1) that antibody results should not influence adherence to social distancing measures (n=602/888, 68%), 2) asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following test positivity (n=698/888, 79%), 3) serological test sensitivity in relation to post-infection timeline (n=540/891, 61%), and 4) limitations of experts' knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2 serology (n=693/887, 78%). Conversely, respondents demonstrated challenges understanding 1) conflicting molecular and serological test results and their relationship with immune protection (n=162/893, 18%) and 2) the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on vaccine effectiveness (n=235/891, 26%). Analysis of responses stratified by sociodemographic variables identified that respondents who were either: 1) female, 2) more educated, 3) aged 18-44, 4) from a high-income household, or 5) healthcare workers responded expectedly more often. CONCLUSIONS We have highlighted concepts related to SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests and associated results which may be challenging to understand. The findings of this study enable us to identify 1) misconceptions related to various SARS-CoV-2 test results, 2) groups of individuals at risk, and 3) strategies to improve people's understanding of their test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Morgan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marc Clausen
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Selina Casalino
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe Mighton
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sunakshi Chowdhary
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Frangione
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chun Yiu Jordan Fung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saranya Arnoldo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; William Osler Health System, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Bearss
- Mount Sinai Academic Family Health Team, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bjug Borgundvaag
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Dagher
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Devine
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven M Friedman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Emergency Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Allison McGeer
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelley L McLeod
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Schwartz/Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Seth Stern
- Mackenzie Health, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Taher
- Mackenzie Health, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iris Wong
- Mackenzie Health, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yvonne Bombard
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner-Ellis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Taher
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Faucheux L, Bassolli de Oliveira Alves L, Chevret S, Rocha V. Comparison of characteristics and laboratory tests of COVID-19 hematological patients from France and Brazil during the pre-vaccination period: identification of prognostic profiles for survival. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023; 45:306-316. [PMID: 35673599 PMCID: PMC9159977 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 disease presentation is heterogeneous, from asymptomatic up to severe life-threatening forms. Getting further insights into patients with specific diseases is of particular interest. We aimed to identify profiles of hematology patients hospitalized with COVID-19 that would be associated with survival and to assess the differences between cohorts METHODS: A binational cohort of 263 patients with COVID-19 and hematological disease was studied in Paris, France and São Paulo, Brazil. Patient profiles were based on age, comorbidities, biological measurements, COVID-19 symptoms and hematological disease characteristics. A semi-supervised learning method with a survival endpoint was first used, following which, a classifier was identified to allow the classification of patients using only baseline information MAIN RESULTS: Two profiles of patients were identified, one being young patients with few comorbidities and low C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine levels, and the other, older patients, with several comorbidities and high levels of the 4 biology markers. The profiles were strongly associated with survival (p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for age (p = 0.0002). The 30-day survival rate was 77.1% in the first profiles, versus 46.7% in the second. The Brazilian analysis emphasized the importance of age, while the French focused on the comorbidities CONCLUSION: This analysis showed the importance of CRP, LHD and creatinine in the COVID-19 presentation and prognosis, whatever the geographic origin of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilith Faucheux
- Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Vanderson Rocha
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFM-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Churchill Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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27
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Kilgour KM, Turner BL, Daniele M, Menegatti S. One-Step Quantification of anti-Covid-19 Antibodies via Dual Affinity Ratiometric Quenching Assays. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37368953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people and paralyzed healthcare systems worldwide. Developing rapid and accurate tests to detect and quantify anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in complex fluids is critical to (i) track and address the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants with different virulence and (ii) support the industrial manufacturing and clinical administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic antibodies. Conventional immunoassays, such as lateral flow, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are either qualitative or, when quantitative, are laborious and expensive and suffer from high variability. Responding to these challenges, this study evaluates the performance of the Dual-Affinity Ratiometric Quenching (DARQ) assay for the quantification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in bioprocess harvests and intermediate fractions (i.e., a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture supernatant and a purified eluate) and human fluids (i.e., saliva and plasma). Monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid as well as the spike protein of the delta and omicron variants are adopted as model analytes. Additionally, conjugate pads loaded with dried protein were studied as an at-line quantification method that can be used in clinical or manufacturing laboratories. Our results indicate that the DARQ assay is a highly reproducible (coefficient of variation ∼0.5-3%) and rapid (<10 min) test, whose sensitivity (∼0.23-2.5 ng/mL), limit of detection (23-250 ng/mL), and dynamic range (70-1300 ng/mL) are independent of sample complexity, thus representing a valuable tool for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Kilgour
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brendan L Turner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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28
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Li HJ, Yang QC, Yao YY, Huang CY, Yin FQ, Xian-Yu CY, Zhang C, Chen SJ. COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness and safety in vulnerable populations: a meta-analysis of 33 observational studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144824. [PMID: 37426814 PMCID: PMC10326898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Even 3 years into the COVID-19 pandemic, questions remain about how to safely and effectively vaccinate vulnerable populations. A systematic analysis of the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in at-risk groups has not been conducted to date. Methods: This study involved a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Controlled Trial Registry data through 12 July 2022. Post-vaccination outcomes included the number of humoral and cellular immune responders in vulnerable and healthy populations, antibody levels in humoral immune responders, and adverse events. Results: A total of 23 articles assessing 32 studies, were included. The levels of IgG (SMD = -1.82, 95% CI [-2.28, -1.35]), IgA (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.03]), IgM (SMD = -0.94, 95% CI [-1.38, -0.51]), neutralizing antibodies (SMD = -1.37, 95% CI [-2.62, -0.11]), and T cells (SMD = -1.98, 95% CI [-3.44, -0.53]) were significantly lower in vulnerable than in healthy populations. The positive detection rates of IgG (OR = 0.05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.14]) and IgA (OR = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.11]) antibodies and the cellular immune response rates (OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.09, 0.45]) were also lower in the vulnerable populations. There were no statistically significant differences in fever (OR = 2.53, 95% CI [0.11, 60.86]), chills (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [0.08, 53.85]), myalgia (OR = 10.31, 95% CI [0.56, 191.08]), local pain at the injection site (OR = 17.83, 95% CI [0.32, 989.06]), headache (OR = 53.57, 95% CI [3.21, 892.79]), tenderness (OR = 2.68, 95% CI [0.49, 14.73]), and fatigue (OR = 22.89, 95% CI [0.45, 1164.22]) between the vulnerable and healthy populations. Conclusion: Seroconversion rates after COVID-19 vaccination were generally worse in the vulnerable than healthy populations, but there was no difference in adverse events. Patients with hematological cancers had the lowest IgG antibody levels of all the vulnerable populations, so closer attention to these patients is recommended. Subjects who received the combined vaccine had higher antibody levels than those who received the single vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Li
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yao
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yin
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen-Yang Xian-Yu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shao-Juan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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29
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Calderon-Flores R, Caceres-Cardenas G, Alí K, De Vos M, Emperador D, Cáceres T, Eca A, Villa-Castillo L, Albertini A, Sacks JA, Ugarte-Gil C. Diagnostic performance of four lateral flow immunoassays for COVID-19 antibodies in Peruvian population. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001555. [PMID: 37267241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serological assays have been used in seroprevalence studies to inform the dynamics of COVID-19. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests are a very practical technology to use for this objective; however, one of their challenges may be variable diagnostic performance. Given the numerous available LFIA tests, evaluation of their accuracy is critical before real-world implementation. We performed a retrospective diagnostic evaluation study to independently determine the diagnostic accuracy of 4 different antibody-detection LFIA tests: Now Check (Bionote), CareStart (Access bio), Covid-19 BSS (Biosynex) and OnSite (CTK Biotech). The sample panel was comprised of specimens collected and stored in biobanks; specifically, specimens that were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 collected at various times throughout the COVID-19 disease course and those that were collected before the pandemic, during 2018 or earlier, from individuals with upper respiratory symptoms but were negative for tuberculosis. Clinical performance (sensitivity and specificity) was analyzed overall, and subset across individual antibody isotypes, and days from symptoms onset. A very high specificity (98% - 100%) was found for all four tests. Overall sensitivity was variable, ranging from 29% [95% CI: 21%-39%] to 64% [95% CI: 54%-73%]. When considering detection of IgM only, the highest sensitivity was 42% [95% CI: 32%-52%], compared to 57% [95% CI: 47%-66%] for IgG only. When the analysis was restricted to at least 15 days since symptom onset, across any isotype, the sensitivity reached 90% for all four brands. All four LFIA tests proved effective for identifying COVID-19 antibodies when two conditions were met: 1) at least 15 days have elapsed since symptom onset and 2) a sample is considered positive when either IgM or IgG is present. With these considerations, the use of this assays could help in seroprevalence studies or further exploration of its potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Calderon-Flores
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Karla Alí
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Devy Emperador
- FIND, the Global Alliance for Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Cáceres
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Anika Eca
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Luz Villa-Castillo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Jilian A Sacks
- FIND, the Global Alliance for Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cesar Ugarte-Gil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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30
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Kotwal SB, Orekondey N, Saradadevi GP, Priyadarshini N, Puppala NV, Bhushan M, Motamarry S, Kumar R, Mohannath G, Dey RJ. Multidimensional futuristic approaches to address the pandemics beyond COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17148. [PMID: 37325452 PMCID: PMC10257889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been enormous and unrelenting with ∼6.9 million deaths and ∼765 million infections. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances and potentially novel molecular tools for viral diagnostics and therapeutics with far-reaching implications in managing the future pandemics. In addition to briefly highlighting the existing and recent methods of viral diagnostics, we propose a couple of potentially novel non-PCR-based methods for rapid, cost-effective, and single-step detection of nucleic acids of viruses using RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and nuclease-based approaches. We also highlight key innovations in miniaturized Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, which in combination with cyber-physical systems, could serve as ideal futuristic platforms for viral diagnosis and disease management. We also discuss underexplored and underutilized antiviral strategies, including ribozyme-mediated RNA-cleaving tools for targeting viral RNA, and recent advances in plant-based platforms for rapid, low-cost, and large-scale production and oral delivery of antiviral agents/vaccines. Lastly, we propose repurposing of the existing vaccines for newer applications with a major emphasis on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-based vaccine engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Bushra Kotwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Nidhi Orekondey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | | | - Neha Priyadarshini
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Navinchandra V Puppala
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Mahak Bhushan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Snehasri Motamarry
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Gireesha Mohannath
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Ruchi Jain Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
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31
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Zhu Y, Odiwuor N, Sha Z, Chen Y, Shao N, Wu X, Chen J, Li Y, Guo S, Shi D, Liu P, Zhang Y, Wei H, Tao SC. Rapid and Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using an iPad-Controlled, High-Throughput, Portable, and Multiplex Hive-Chip Platform ( HiCube). ACS Sens 2023; 8:1960-1970. [PMID: 37093957 PMCID: PMC10152401 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the most effective measures to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is still lack of an ideal detection platform capable of high sample throughput, portability, and multiplicity. Herein, by combining Hive-Chip (capillary microarray) and reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), we developed an iPad-controlled, high-throughput (48 samples at one run), portable (smaller than a backpack), multiplex (monitoring 8 gene fragments in one reaction), and real-time detection platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This platform is composed of a portable Hive-Chip device (HiCube; 32.7 × 29.7 × 20 cm, 5 kg), custom-designed software, and optimized Hive-Chips. RT-LAMP primers targeting seven SARS-CoV-2 genes (S, E, M, N, ORF1ab, ORF3a, and ORF7a) and one positive control (human RNase P) were designed and prefixed in the Hive-Chip. On-chip RT-LAMP showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of SARS-CoV-2 synthetic RNAs is 1 copy/μL, and there is no cross-reaction among different target genes. The platform was validated by 100 clinical samples of SARS-CoV-2, and the results were highly consistent with those of the traditional real-time PCR assay. In addition, on-chip detection of 6 other respiratory pathogens showed no cross-reactivity. Overall, our platform has great potential for fast, accurate, and on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshou Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240,
China
| | - Nelson Odiwuor
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zigan Sha
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Sports & Medicine Integrative Innovation Center
(SMIC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,
Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dawei Shi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug
Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,
China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sports & Medicine Integrative Innovation Center
(SMIC), Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,
Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng-ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key
Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240,
China
- Perfect Diagnosis Biotechnology (ZhenCe)
Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
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32
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Dobson A, Ricci C, Boucekkine R, Gozzi F, Fabbri G, Loch-Temzelides T, Pascual M. Balancing economic and epidemiological interventions in the early stages of pathogen emergence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6169. [PMID: 37224240 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has underlined the need for more coordinated responses to emergent pathogens. These responses need to balance epidemic control in ways that concomitantly minimize hospitalizations and economic damages. We develop a hybrid economic-epidemiological modeling framework that allows us to examine the interaction between economic and health impacts over the first period of pathogen emergence when lockdown, testing, and isolation are the only means of containing the epidemic. This operational mathematical setting allows us to determine the optimal policy interventions under a variety of scenarios that might prevail in the first period of a large-scale epidemic outbreak. Combining testing with isolation emerges as a more effective policy than lockdowns, substantially reducing deaths and the number of infected hosts, at lower economic cost. If a lockdown is put in place early in the course of the epidemic, it always dominates the "laissez-faire" policy of doing nothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Cristiano Ricci
- Department of Economics and Management, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raouf Boucekkine
- Centre for Unframed Thinking, Rennes School of Business, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Fausto Gozzi
- Department of Economics and Finance, Luiss University, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fabbri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, GAEL, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ted Loch-Temzelides
- Department of Economics and Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mercedes Pascual
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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33
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Newbold SC, Ashworth M, Finnoff D, Shogren JF, Thunström L. Physical distancing versus testing with self-isolation for controlling an emerging epidemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8185. [PMID: 37210388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinct strategies for controlling an emerging epidemic are physical distancing and regular testing with self-isolation. These strategies are especially important before effective vaccines or treatments become widely available. The testing strategy has been promoted frequently but used less often than physical distancing to mitigate COVID-19. We compared the performance of these strategies in an integrated epidemiological and economic model that includes a simple representation of transmission by "superspreading," wherein a relatively small fraction of infected individuals cause a large share of infections. We examined the economic benefits of distancing and testing over a wide range of conditions, including variations in the transmissibility and lethality of the disease meant to encompass the most prominent variants of COVID-19 encountered so far. In a head-to-head comparison using our primary parameter values, both with and without superspreading and a declining marginal value of mortality risk reductions, an optimized testing strategy outperformed an optimized distancing strategy. In a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, an optimized policy that combined the two strategies performed better than either one alone in more than 25% of random parameter draws. Insofar as diagnostic tests are sensitive to viral loads, and individuals with high viral loads are more likely to contribute to superspreading events, superspreading enhances the relative performance of testing over distancing in our model. Both strategies performed best at moderate levels of transmissibility, somewhat lower than the transmissibility of the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Newbold
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Madison Ashworth
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Fletcher Group, Inc., London, KY, 40741, USA
| | - David Finnoff
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jason F Shogren
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Linda Thunström
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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34
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Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Di Maria C, Sciacca E, Mancuso S, Vancheri C, Sambataro G. An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:375-401. [PMID: 37091823 PMCID: PMC10113162 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three years, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of novel diagnostic tests have been developed. Assays to evaluate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 have been widely considered as part of the control strategy. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), to detect both IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, has been widely studied as a point-of-care (POC) test. Compared to laboratory tests, LFIAs are faster, cheaper and user-friendly, thus available also in areas with low economic resources. Soon after the onset of the pandemic, numerous kits for rapid antibody detection were put on the market with an emergency use authorization. However, since then, scientists have tried to better define the accuracy of these tests and their usefulness in different contexts. In fact, while during the first phase of the pandemic LFIAs for antibody detection were auxiliary to molecular tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19, successively these tests became a tool of seroprevalence surveillance to address infection control policies. When in 2021 a massive vaccination campaign was implemented worldwide, the interest in LFIA reemerged due to the need to establish the extent and the longevity of immunization in the vaccinated population and to establish priorities to guide health policies in low-income countries with limited access to vaccines. Here, we summarize the accuracy, the advantages and limits of LFIAs as POC tests for antibody detection, highlighting the efforts that have been made to improve this technology over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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35
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Ouedraogo HG, Zoure AA, Compaoré TR, Ky H, Zida S, Zingué D, Ouedraogo O, Soubeiga ST, Sagna T, Dabiré C, Kambiré D, Zongo D, Yonli AT, Nikiema AR, Nezien D, Bansé GC, Bicaba BW, Perier S, Sawadogo C, Yabre Z, Sangare L. Evaluation of ten (10) SARS-CoV-2 rapid serological tests in comparison with WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 ab ELISA in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Virol J 2023; 20:57. [PMID: 36997951 PMCID: PMC10062271 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ten (10) SARS-CoV-2 serological rapid diagnostic tests in comparison with the WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA test in a laboratory setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten (10) SARS-CoV-2 serological rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM were evaluated with two (2) groups of plasma tested positive for one and negative for the other with the WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA. The diagnostic performance of the SARS-CoV-2 serological RDTs and their agreement with the reference test were calculated with their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The sensitivity of serological RDTs ranged from 27.39 to 61.67% and the specificity from 93.33 to 100% compared to WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA test. Of all the tests, two tests (STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Combo SD BIOSENSOR and COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test (Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech Co., Ltd)) had a sensitivity greater than 50%. In addition, all ten tests had specificity greater than or equal to 93.33% each. The concordance between RDTs and WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA test ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. CONCLUSION The SARS-CoV-2 serological RDTs evaluated show low and variable sensitivities compared to the WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA test, with however a good specificity. These finding may have implications for the interpretation and comparison of COVID-19 seroprevalence studies depending on the type of test used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Gautier Ouedraogo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Abdou Azaque Zoure
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tegwinde Rebeca Compaoré
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Herve Ky
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR-SDS), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Direction des Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale (DLBM), Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvie Zida
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dezemon Zingué
- Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP), Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumarou Ouedraogo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Théophile Soubeiga
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tani Sagna
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Charlemagne Dabiré
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dinanibè Kambiré
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dramane Zongo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Abdoul Rahamani Nikiema
- Biomedical Research Laboratory (LaReBio)/Biomedical and Public Health Department, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Désiré Nezien
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Brice Wilfried Bicaba
- Centre des Opérations de Réponses aux Urgences Sanitaires (CORUS) /Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sophie Perier
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Regional offfice, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Charles Sawadogo
- Direction des Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale (DLBM), Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Zakariya Yabre
- Direction des Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale (DLBM), Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassana Sangare
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR-SDS), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Pung R, Clapham HE, Russell TW, Lee VJ, Kucharski AJ. Relative role of border restrictions, case finding and contact tracing in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of undetected transmission: a mathematical modelling study. BMC Med 2023; 21:97. [PMID: 36927576 PMCID: PMC10019421 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the overall effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the burden of disease is crucial for future pandemic planning. However, quantifying the effectiveness of specific control measures and the extent of missed infections, in the absence of early large-scale serological surveys or random community testing, has remained challenging. METHODS Combining data on notified local COVID-19 cases with known and unknown sources of infections in Singapore with a branching process model, we reconstructed the incidence of missed infections during the early phase of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and Delta variant transmission. We then estimated the relative effectiveness of border control measures, case finding and contact tracing when there was no or low vaccine coverage in the population. We compared the risk of ICU admission and death between the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta variant in notified cases and all infections. RESULTS We estimated strict border control measures were associated with 0.2 (95% credible intervals, CrI 0.04-0.8) missed imported infections per notified case between July and December 2020, a decline from around 1 missed imported infection per notified case in the early phases of the pandemic. Contact tracing was estimated to identify 78% (95% CrI 62-93%) of the secondary infections generated by notified cases before the partial lockdown in Apr 2020, but this declined to 63% (95% CrI 56-71%) during the lockdown and rebounded to 78% (95% CrI 58-94%) during reopening in Jul 2020. The contribution of contact tracing towards overall outbreak control also hinges on ability to find cases with unknown sources of infection: 42% (95% CrI 12-84%) of such cases were found prior to the lockdown; 10% (95% CrI 7-15%) during the lockdown; 47% (95% CrI 17-85%) during reopening, due to increased testing capacity and health-seeking behaviour. We estimated around 63% (95% CrI 49-78%) of the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infections were undetected during 2020 and around 70% (95% CrI 49-91%) for the Delta variant in 2021. CONCLUSIONS Combining models with case linkage data enables evaluation of the effectiveness of different components of outbreak control measures, and provides more reliable situational awareness when some cases are missed. Using such approaches for early identification of the weakest link in containment efforts could help policy makers to better redirect limited resources to strengthen outbreak control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Pung
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Hannah E Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy W Russell
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Vernon J Lee
- Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam J Kucharski
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Krishnamoorthy A, Chandrapalan S, JalayeriNia G, Hussain Y, Bannaga A, Lei II, Arasaradnam R. Influence of seasonal and operator variations on diagnostic accuracy of lateral flow devices during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Med (Lond) 2023; 23:144-150. [PMID: 36921988 PMCID: PMC11046551 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral flow tests (LFT) are point-of-care rapid antigen tests that allow isolation and control of disease outbreaks through convenient, practical testing. However, studies have shown significant variation in their diagnostic accuracy. We conducted a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of LFTs for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify potential factors affecting their performance. METHODS A systematic search of online databases was carried out to identify studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of LFTs compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Data were extracted and used to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to identify covariates influencing diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS In total, 76 articles with 108,820 test results were identified for analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 72% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-0.76) and 100% (95% CI: 0.99-1.00), respectively. Staff operation of the LFT showed a statistically significant increase in sensitivity (p=0.04) and specificity (p=0.001) compared with self-operation by the test subjects. The use of LFTs in symptomatic patient subgroups also resulted in higher test sensitivity. CONCLUSION LFTs display good sensitivity and extremely good specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection; they become more sensitive in patients with symptoms and when performed by trained professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gohar JalayeriNia
- University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Yaqza Hussain
- University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Ayman Bannaga
- University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Ian Io Lei
- University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Nassar EL, Levis B, Neyer MA, Rice DB, Booij L, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Transparency and completeness of reporting of depression screening tool accuracy studies: A meta-research review of adherence to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies statement. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1939. [PMID: 36047034 PMCID: PMC9976600 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate and complete study reporting allows evidence users to critically appraise studies, evaluate possible bias, and assess generalizability and applicability. We evaluated the extent to which recent studies on depression screening accuracy were reported consistent with Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) statement requirements. METHODS MEDLINE was searched from January 1, 2018 through May 21, 2021 for depression screening accuracy studies. RESULTS 106 studies were included. Of 34 STARD items or sub-items, the number of adequately reported items per study ranged from 7 to 18 (mean = 11.5, standard deviation [SD] = 2.5; median = 11.5), and the number inadequately reported ranged from 3 to 17 (mean = 10.1, SD = 2.5; median = 10.0). There were eight items adequately reported, seven partially reported, 11 inadequately reported, and four not applicable in ≥50% of studies; the remaining four items had mixed reporting. Items inadequately reported in ≥70% of studies related to the rationale for index test cut-offs examined, missing data management, analyses of variability in accuracy results, sample size determination, participant flow, study registration, and study protocol. CONCLUSION Recently published depression screening accuracy studies are not optimally reported. Journals should endorse and implement STARD adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Lynn Nassar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Marieke A Neyer
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle B Rice
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Furuya-Kanamori L, Lin L, Kostoulas P, Clark J, Xu C. Limits in the search date for rapid reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Res Synth Methods 2023; 14:173-179. [PMID: 36054082 PMCID: PMC9922791 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Limiting the search date is a common approach utilised in therapeutic/interventional rapid reviews. Yet the accuracy of pooled estimates is unknown when applied to rapid reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Data from all systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, until February 2022 were collected. Meta-analyses with at least five studies were included to emulate rapid reviews by limiting the search to the recent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 years. The magnitude of the pooled area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity for the full meta-analysis and the rapid reviews were compared. A total of 846 diagnostic meta-analyses were included. When the search date was limited to the recent 10 and 15 years, more than 75% and 80% of meta-analyses presented less than 5% difference between the pooled AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the full meta-analysis and the rapid review. There was little gain in the precision of the pooled estimates when the emulated rapid reviews included more than 15 years in the search. Rapid reviews restricted by search date are a valid and reliable approach for diagnostic test accuracy studies. Robust evidence can be achieved by restricting the search date to the recent 10-15 years. Future studies need to examine the reduction in workload and time to finish the rapid reviews under different search date limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and One Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Justin Clark
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Chang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Population Health Across-Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Sumner MW, Xie J, Zemek R, Winston K, Freire G, Burstein B, Kam A, Emsley J, Gravel J, Porter R, Sabhaney V, Mater A, Salvadori MI, Berthelot S, Beer D, Poonai N, Moffatt A, Wright B, Freedman SB. Comparison of Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variants Among Children in Canada. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e232328. [PMID: 36892839 PMCID: PMC9999248 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 variants have not been systematically compared in children. OBJECTIVE To compare symptoms, emergency department (ED) chest radiography, treatments, and outcomes among children with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter cohort study was performed at 14 Canadian pediatric EDs. Participants included children and adolescents younger than 18 years (hereinafter referred to as children) tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in an ED between August 4, 2020, and February 22, 2022, with 14 days of follow-up. EXPOSURE(S) SARS-CoV-2 variants detected on a specimen collected from the nasopharynx, nares, or throat. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was presence and number of presenting symptoms. The secondary outcomes were presence of core COVID-19 symptoms, chest radiography findings, treatments, and 14-day outcomes. RESULTS Among 7272 participants presenting to an ED, 1440 (19.8%) had test results positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 801 (55.6%) were boys, with a median age of 2.0 (IQR, 0.6-7.0) years. Children with the Alpha variant reported the fewest core COVID-19 symptoms (195 of 237 [82.3%]), which were most often reported by participants with Omicron variant infection (434 of 468 [92.7%]; difference, 10.5% [95% CI, 5.1%-15.9%]). In a multivariable model with the original type as the referent, the Omicron and Delta variants were associated with fever (odds ratios [ORs], 2.00 [95% CI, 1.43-2.80] and 1.93 [95% CI, 1.33-2.78], respectively) and cough (ORs, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.06-1.91] and 1.57 [95% CI, 1.13-2.17], respectively). Upper respiratory tract symptoms were associated with Delta infection (OR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.38-2.79]); lower respiratory tract and systemic symptoms were associated with Omicron variant infection (ORs, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.04-1.92] and 1.77 [95% CI, 1.24-2.52], respectively). Children with Omicron infection most often had chest radiography performed and received treatments; compared with those who had Delta infection, they were more likely to have chest radiography performed (difference, 9.7% [95% CI, 4.7%-14.8%]), to receive intravenous fluids (difference, 5.6% [95% CI, 1.0%-10.2%]) and corticosteroids (difference, 7.9% [95% CI, 3.2%-12.7%]), and to have an ED revisit (difference, 8.8% [95% CI, 3.5%-14.1%]). The proportions of children admitted to the hospital and intensive care unit did not differ between variants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 variants suggest that the Omicron and Delta variants were more strongly associated with fever and cough than the original-type virus and the Alpha variant. Children with Omicron variant infection were more likely to report lower respiratory tract symptoms and systemic manifestations, undergo chest radiography, and receive interventions. No differences were found in undesirable outcomes (ie, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission) across variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine W. Sumner
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianling Xie
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Winston
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Freire
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett Burstein
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - April Kam
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Emsley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, IWK Children’s Health Centre and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Gravel
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Porter
- Janeway Children’s Health and Rehabilitation Centre, Eastern Health, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Vikram Sabhaney
- Department of Paediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mater
- Section of Pediatric Emergency, Department of Pediatrics, Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marina I. Salvadori
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Berthelot
- Département de Médecine Familiale et de Médecine d’Urgence, CHU de Québec-Université, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Darcy Beer
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Children’s Hospital of Winnipeg, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Children’s Hospital London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Children’s Hospital London Health Sciences Centre, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Moffatt
- Department of Paediatrics, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce Wright
- University of Alberta, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen B. Freedman
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Meskher H, Mustansar HC, Thakur AK, Sathyamurthy R, Lynch I, Singh P, Han TK, Saidur R. Recent trends in carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensors for the fast and sensitive detection of human viruses: a critical review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:992-1010. [PMID: 36798507 PMCID: PMC9926911 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic, with its numerous variants including Omicron which is 50-70% more transmissible than the previously dominant Delta variant, demands a fast, robust, cheap, and easily deployed identification strategy to reduce the chain of transmission, for which biosensors have been shown as a feasible solution at the laboratory scale. The use of nanomaterials has significantly enhanced the performance of biosensors, and the addition of CNTs has increased detection capabilities to an unrivaled level. Among the various CNT-based detection systems, CNT-based field-effect transistors possess ultra-sensitivity and low-noise detection capacity, allowing for immediate analyte determination even in the presence of limited analyte concentrations, which would be typical of early infection stages. Recently, CNT field-effect transistor-type biosensors have been successfully used in the fast diagnosis of COVID-19, which has increased research and commercial interest in exploiting current developments of CNT field-effect transistors. Recent progress in the design and deployment of CNT-based biosensors for viral monitoring are covered in this paper, as are the remaining obstacles and prospects. This work also highlights the enormous potential for synergistic effects of CNTs used in combination with other nanomaterials for viral detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Meskher
- Department of Process Engineering, Kasdi-Merbah University Ouargla 30000 Algeria
| | | | - Amrit Kumar Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Arasur Coimbatore 641407 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Punit Singh
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University Mathura Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Tan Kim Han
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya 47500 Malaysia
| | - Rahman Saidur
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya 47500 Malaysia
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Ramírez-Reveco A, Velásquez G, Aros C, Navarrete G, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Navarrete M, Fica A, Plaza A, Castro N, Verdugo C, Acosta-Jamett G, Verdugo CC. Performance estimation of two in-house ELISA assays for COVID-19 surveillance through the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulin isotypes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0270388. [PMID: 36745590 PMCID: PMC9901778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to estimate the performance, under local epidemiological conditions, of two in-house ELISA assays for the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulins. A total of 94 serum samples were used for the assessment, where 44 corresponded to sera collected before the pandemic (free of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies), and 50 sera were collected from confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the main public hospital in the city of Valdivia, southern Chile. The Nucleocapsid (Np) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins were separately used as antigens (Np and RBD ELISA, respectively) to assess their diagnostic performance. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the optical density (OD) cut-off that maximized the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the ELISA assays. Np ELISA had a mean Se of 94% (95% CI = 83.5-98.8%) and a mean Sp of 100% (95% CI = 92.0-100%), with an OD 450 nm positive cut-off value of 0.88. On the other hand, RBD ELISA presented a mean Se of 96% (95% CI = 86.3-99.5%) and a mean Sp of 90% (95% CI = 78.3-97.5%), with an OD 450 nm positive cut off value of 0.996. Non-significant differences were observed between the Se distributions of Np and RBD ELISAs, but the latter presented a significant lower Sp than Np ELISA. In parallel, collected sera were also analyzed using a commercial lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay (LFCI), to compare the performance of the in-house ELISA assays against a commercial test. The LFCI had a mean sensitivity of 94% (95% CI = 87.4-100%) and a mean specificity of 100% (95% CI = 100-100%). When compared to Np ELISA, non-significant differences were observed on the performance distributions. Conversely, RBD ELISA had a significant lower Sp than the LFCI. Although, Np ELISA presented a similar performance to the commercial test, this was 2.5 times cheaper than the LFCI assay (labor cost not considered). Thus, the in-house Np ELISA could be a suitable alternative tool, in resource limited environments, for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramírez-Reveco
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gerardo Velásquez
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Base de Valdivia (HBV), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christopher Aros
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriela Navarrete
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Maritza Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Base de Valdivia (HBV), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alberto Fica
- Sub Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Base Valdivia; Instituto Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Center for the Surveillance and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (CSEID), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Castro
- Center for the Surveillance and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (CSEID), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Verdugo
- Center for the Surveillance and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (CSEID), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Center for the Surveillance and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (CSEID), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristóbal C. Verdugo
- Center for the Surveillance and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (CSEID), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Low detection rate of RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 using IgM/IgG rapid antibody tests in a large community sample in Lima, Peru. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:62. [PMID: 36732690 PMCID: PMC9893955 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid IgM/IgG antibody tests were largely used in lieu of RT-PCR tests as part of COVID-19 public health response activities in Lima, Peru. To assess their utility, we explored the relationship between the time since onset of several COVID-19-related symptoms and the sensitivity of a rapid combined IgM/IgG antibody test. METHODS We collected data from a community sample of individuals (n = 492) who received concurrent RT-PCR and rapid IgM/IgG antibody testing between May 2020 and March 2021. We estimated the sensitivity of the antibody test, against the RT-PCR test, by weeks since symptom onset via segmented regression analysis. RESULTS The overall sensitivity of the rapid IgM/IgG antibody test was 46.7% (95% CI, 42.4-51.2%). Among 372 (75.6%) participants who reported COVID-19-related symptoms, sensitivity increased from 30.4% (95% CI, 24.7-36.6%) in week 1 after symptom onset to 83.3% (95% CI, 41.6-98.4%) in week 4. The test sensitivity increased by 31.9% (95% CI, 24.8-39.0%) per week until week 2 to 3, then decreased by - 6.0% (95% CI, - 25.7-13.7%) per week thereafter. CONCLUSION Rapid antibody tests are a poor substitute for RT-PCR testing, regardless of presenting symptoms. This highlights the need for future pandemic planning to include timely and equitable access to gold-standard diagnostics, treatment, and vaccination.
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Naeimi R, Sepidarkish M, Mollalo A, Parsa H, Mahjour S, Safarpour F, Almukhtar M, Mechaal A, Chemaitelly H, Sartip B, Marhoommirzabak E, Ardekani A, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB, Rostami A. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101786. [PMID: 36590788 PMCID: PMC9795163 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The higher hospitalisation rates of those aged 0-19 years (referred to herein as 'children') observed since the emergence of the immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and subvariants, along with the persisting vaccination disparities highlighted a need for in-depth knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiology in children. Here, we conducted this systematic review to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and determinants in children worldwide. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we searched international and preprinted scientific databases from December 1, 2019 to July 10, 2022. Pooled seroprevalences were estimated according to World Health Organization (WHO) regions (at 95% confidence intervals, CIs) using random-effects meta-analyses. Associations with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and sources of heterogeneity were investigated using sub-group and meta-regression analyses. The protocol used in this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350833). FINDINGS We included 247 studies involving 757,075 children from 70 countries. Seroprevalence estimates varied from 7.3% (5.8-9.1%) in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to 37.6% (18.1-59.4%) in the fifth wave and 56.6% (52.8-60.5%) in the sixth wave. The highest seroprevalences in different pandemic waves were estimated for South-East Asia (17.9-81.8%) and African (17.2-66.1%) regions; while the lowest seroprevalence was estimated for the Western Pacific region (0.01-1.01%). Seroprevalence estimates were higher in children at older ages, in those living in underprivileged countries or regions, and in those of minority ethnic backgrounds. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that, by the end of 2021 and before the Omicron wave, around 50-70% of children globally were still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clearly emphasising the need for more effective vaccines and better vaccination coverage among children and adolescents, particularly in developing countries and minority ethnic groups. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Naeimi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Hamid Parsa
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Sanaz Mahjour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fatemeh Safarpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Amal Mechaal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar-Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Behnam Sartip
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elika Marhoommirzabak
- Department of Neurology, University of Visayas, Gullas College of Medicine, Cebu City, 600 Cebu, Philippines
| | - Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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Norouzi M, Truong T, Jaenes K, Warner BM, Vendramelli R, Tierney K, Kobasa D, Tailor N, Plant P, dos Santos C, Babiuk S, Ambagala A, Pardee K. Cell-Free Dot Blot: an Ultra-Low-Cost and Practical Immunoassay Platform for Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human and Animal Sera. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0245722. [PMID: 36719206 PMCID: PMC10101024 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02457-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe disruption to key aspects of human life globally and highlighted the need for timely, adaptive, and accessible pandemic response strategies. Here, we introduce the cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method, a practical and ultra-low-cost immune diagnostic platform capable of rapid response and mass immunity screening for the current and future pandemics. Similar in mechanism to the widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), our method is novel and advantageous in that (i) it uses linear DNA to produce the target viral antigen fused to a SpyTag peptide in a cell-free expression system without the need for traditional cloning and antigen purification, (ii) it uses SpyCatcher2-Apex2, an Escherichia coli-produced peroxidase conjugate as a universal secondary detection reagent, obviating the need for commercial or sophisticated enzyme conjugates, and (iii) sera are spotted directly on a nitrocellulose membrane, enabling a simple "dipping" mechanism for downstream incubation and washing steps, as opposed to individual processing of wells in a multiwell plate. To demonstrate the utility of our method, we performed CFDB to detect anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid protein antibodies in precharacterized human sera (23 negative and 36 positive for COVID-19) and hamster sera (16 negative and 36 positive for COVID-19), including independent testing at a collaborating laboratory, and we show assay performance comparable to that of conventional ELISAs. At a similar capacity to 96-well plate ELISA kits, one CFDB assay costs only ~$3 USD. We believe that CFDB can become a valuable pandemic response tool for adaptive and accessible sero-surveillance in human and animal populations. IMPORTANCE The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for diagnostic platforms that are rapidly adaptable, affordable, and accessible globally, especially for low-resource settings. To address this need, we describe the development and functional validation of a novel immunoassay technique termed the cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method. Based on the principles of cell-free synthetic biology and alternative dot blotting procedures, our CFDB immunoassay is designed to provide for timely, practical, and low-cost responses to existing and emerging public health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, at a similar throughput and comparable performance as conventional ELISAs. Notably, the molecular detection reagents used in CFDB can be produced rapidly in-house, using established protocols and basic laboratory infrastructure, minimizing reliance on strained commercial reagents. In addition, the materials and imaging instruments required for CFDB are the same as those used for common Western blotting experiments, further expanding the reach of CFDB in decentralized facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Norouzi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katariina Jaenes
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pamela Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yang Y, Li H, Jones L, Murray J, Haverstick J, Naikare HK, Mosley YYC, Tripp RA, Ai B, Zhao Y. Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Human Nasopharyngeal Specimens Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Deep Learning Algorithms. ACS Sens 2023; 8:297-307. [PMID: 36563081 PMCID: PMC9797020 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and cost-effective method to detect the infection of SARS-CoV-2 is fundamental to mitigating the current COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor with a deep learning algorithm has been developed for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human nasopharyngeal swab (HNS) specimens. The SERS sensor was prepared using a silver nanorod array (AgNR) substrate by assembling DNA probes to capture SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The SERS spectra of HNS specimens were collected after RNA hybridization, and the corresponding SERS peaks were identified. The RNA detection range was determined to be 103-109 copies/mL in saline sodium citrate buffer. A recurrent neural network (RNN)-based deep learning model was developed to classify 40 positive and 120 negative specimens with an overall accuracy of 98.9%. For the blind test of 72 specimens, the RNN model gave a 97.2% accuracy prediction for positive specimens and a 100% accuracy for negative specimens. All the detections were performed in 25 min. These results suggest that the DNA-functionalized AgNR array SERS sensor combined with a deep learning algorithm could serve as a potential rapid point-of-care COVID-19 diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College
of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia30602, United States
| | - Hao Li
- School of Microelectronics and Communication
Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information
Processing, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P.
R. China
| | - Les Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary
Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
| | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary
Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
| | - James Haverstick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United
States
| | - Hemant K. Naikare
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary
Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational
Laboratory, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
| | - Yung-Yi C. Mosley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary
Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational
Laboratory, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary
Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602,
United States
| | - Bin Ai
- School of Microelectronics and Communication
Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information
Processing, Chongqing University, Chongqing400044, P.
R. China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United
States
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Shan Y, Wang B, Huang H, Yan K, Li W, Wang S, Liu F. Portable high-throughput multimodal immunoassay platform for rapid on-site COVID-19 diagnostics. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1238:340634. [PMID: 36464448 PMCID: PMC9671405 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the global pandemic. Though the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) acting as a gold-standard method has been widely used for COVID-19 diagnostics, it can hardly support rapid on-site applications or monitor the stage of disease development as well as to identify the infection and immune status of rehabilitation patients. To suit rapid on-site COVID-19 diagnostics under various application scenarios with an all-in-one device and simple detection reagents, we propose a high-throughput multimodal immunoassay platform with fluorescent, colorimetric, and chemiluminescent immunoassays on the same portable device and a multimodal reporter probe using quantum dot (QD) microspheres modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) coupled with goat anti-human IgG. The recombinant nucleocapsid protein fixed on a 96-well plate works as the capture probe. In the condition with the target under detection, both reporter and capture probes can be bound by such target. When illuminated by excitation light, fluorescence signals from QD microspheres can be collected for target quantification often at a fast speed. Additionally, when pursuing simple detection without using any sensing devices, HRP-catalyzed TMB colorimetric immunoassay is employed; and when pursuing highly sensitive detection, HRP-catalyzed luminol chemiluminescent immunoassay is established. Verified by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 N humanized antibody, the sensitivities of colorimetric, fluorescent, and chemiluminescent immunoassays are respectively 20, 80, and 640 times more sensitive than that of the lateral flow colloidal gold immunoassay strip. Additionally, such a platform can simultaneously detect multiple samples at the same time thus supporting high-throughput sensing; and all these detecting operations can be implemented on-site within 50 min relying on field-operable processing and field-portable devices. Such a high-throughput multimodal immunoassay platform can provide a new all-in-one solution for rapid on-site diagnostics of COVID-19 for different detecting purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Shan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Huachuan Huang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Keding Yan
- Advanced Institute of Micro-Nano Intelligent Sensing (AIMNIS), School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Fu H, Sun L, Zhu J. Detection of Antibody versus Antigen, Optimal Option of Different Serological Assays Based Tests for COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 52:23-36. [PMID: 36824236 PMCID: PMC9941426 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i1.11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study, the diagnostic efficacy of antigen test and antibody test were assessed. Additionally, the difference of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were compared concerning efficacy of antibody test versus antigen test for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. Methods Online databases were searched for full-text publications and STATA software was used for data pooling and analysis before Sep 1st, 2022. Forrest plot was used to show the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. Combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to show the area of under curve of complex data. Results Overall, 25 studies were included. The sensitivity (0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.80) and specificity (0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99) in antibody or antigen was calculated. The time point of test lead to heterogeneity. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96-0.99), and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 299.54 (95% CI: 135.61-661.64). Subgroup analysis indicated antibody test with sensitivity (0.59, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73) and specificity (0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99) and antigen test with sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.53-0.91) and specificity of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-1.00). Higher AUC and DOR were proved in antigen test. Conclusion The present study compared the efficacy of antibody test versus antigen test for COVID-19 diagnosis. Better diagnostic efficacy, lower heterogeneity, and less publication bias of rapid antigen testing was suggested in this study. This study would help us to make better strategy about choosing rapid and reliable testing method in diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jingwei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, PR China,Corresponding Author:
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Velázquez-Vázquez MG, Alberti-Minutti P, Campos-Aguirre E, Benítez-Arvizu G. [Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in resident physicians]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:S28-S32. [PMID: 36378067 PMCID: PMC10395998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world swiftly; there are several diagnostic strategies available. Health workers, especially medical residents (MR), are a high-risk population for acquiring this infection. Objective To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the associated factors in MR of a third level hospital. Material and methods 330 MR from different specialties were evaluated with a questionnaire and collection of blood samples for analysis by microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassay. The prevalence of previous infection was defined by seropositivity of these antibodies. Descriptive statistics and concordance between the RT-PCR tests and the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were used. Results Of 330 MR, 84.5% actively participated in COVID patient care. One out of 3 reported symptoms of COVID-19; in 67.6% the possible site of infection was a hospital setting not associated with the COVID area. Out of 71 symptomatic subjects, 61.9% underwent RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2; 20 were positive. In 15.8% of the total, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was determined. Only 1 out of 3 subjects with a positive PCR had antibodies, and 11.3% of the cases, even with a positive RT-PCR test, did not develop humoral immunity. Conclusions The seroprevalence was lower than that reported at the national level, potentially due to protection measures. The main risk factor was contact with the virus in areas of the hospital not related to COVID, making it imperative to reinforce security protocols in those spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Velázquez-Vázquez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Medicina Interna. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Paolo Alberti-Minutti
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Servicio de Medicina Interna. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Esmeralda Campos-Aguirre
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Gamaliel Benítez-Arvizu
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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Campos-Aguirre E, Martínez-Álvarez JC, Arrazola-García MA, Arroyo-García OD, Delgado-Colín MG, Chávez-Durán MÁ, Galván-Bobadilla AI, Benítez-Arvizu G. [PCR for COVID in the transplant protocol]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:S33-S36. [PMID: 36378084 PMCID: PMC10395893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identifying the COVID-19 pathophysiology not only has been addressed to applying diagnostic tests or preventing through vaccines, but also to the timely detection, especially of patients in risk groups such as those in transplants areas (renal, hematology, etcetera). In the case of these patients, using RT-PCR tests avoids putting them at risk by subjecting them to states of immunosuppression that could aggravate their situation if they were faced with an onset of a COVID-19 infection. Objective To present the results of patients of a transplant unit tested for SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and retrolective study. Data of results of RT-PCR tests of patients who underwent transplantation from June 2021 to April 2022 in a third level hospital were collected. Results 755 tests were done to patients who underwent transplantation. 384 (50.8%) were women. Out of all patients, only 73 (9.7%) were positive to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Implementing RT-PCR tests as a transplant protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 prevents fatal complications due to COVID infection to donors and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Campos-Aguirre
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Julio César Martínez-Álvarez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - María Araceli Arrazola-García
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Oscar David Arroyo-García
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - María Guadalupe Delgado-Colín
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Miguel Ángel Chávez-Durán
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Alexis Ignacio Galván-Bobadilla
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Gamaliel Benítez-Arvizu
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad Complementaria Banco de Sangre. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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