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Zhang Y, Gong B, Lin Y, Zhu Y, Su G, Yu Y. Split G-quadruplex based PfAgo sensing platform for nucleotide mutation discrimination and human genotyping. Analyst 2024; 149:707-711. [PMID: 38230655 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A PfAgo-G4 sensing platform exploiting G4 as a signal reporter was proposed, validated, and optimized. By introducing two mismatches at the Link strand, a universal nucleotide design rule was established for accurate single nucleotide polymorphism discrimination with PfAgo-G4. The FUT2 gene was then successfully and accurately genotyped using human buccal swab samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Bin Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Yanan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Yuedong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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2
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Zhernakova DV, Wang D, Liu L, Andreu-Sánchez S, Zhang Y, Ruiz-Moreno AJ, Peng H, Plomp N, Del Castillo-Izquierdo Á, Gacesa R, Lopera-Maya EA, Temba GS, Kullaya VI, van Leeuwen SS, Xavier RJ, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Riksen NP, Rutten JHW, Netea MG, Sanna S, Wijmenga C, Weersma RK, Zhernakova A, Harmsen HJM, Fu J. Host genetic regulation of human gut microbial structural variation. Nature 2024; 625:813-821. [PMID: 38172637 PMCID: PMC10808065 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of host genetics on gut microbial diversity and the abundance of specific taxa is well established1-6, little is known about how host genetics regulates the genetic diversity of gut microorganisms. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of associations between human genetic variation and gut microbial structural variation in 9,015 individuals from four Dutch cohorts. Strikingly, the presence rate of a structural variation segment in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii that harbours an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) utilization gene cluster is higher in individuals who secrete the type A oligosaccharide antigen terminating in GalNAc, a feature that is jointly determined by human ABO and FUT2 genotypes, and we could replicate this association in a Tanzanian cohort. In vitro experiments demonstrated that GalNAc can be used as the sole carbohydrate source for F. prausnitzii strains that carry the GalNAc-metabolizing pathway. Further in silico and in vitro studies demonstrated that other ABO-associated species can also utilize GalNAc, particularly Collinsella aerofaciens. The GalNAc utilization genes are also associated with the host's cardiometabolic health, particularly in individuals with mucosal A-antigen. Together, the findings of our study demonstrate that genetic associations across the human genome and bacterial metagenome can provide functional insights into the reciprocal host-microbiome relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daoming Wang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angel J Ruiz-Moreno
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Haoran Peng
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Plomp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ángela Del Castillo-Izquierdo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esteban A Lopera-Maya
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Godfrey S Temba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vesla I Kullaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Serena Sanna
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Kim J, Yuan C, Amundadottir LT, Wolpin BM, Klein AP, Risch HA, Kraft P. Relationship between ABO Blood Group Alleles and Pancreatic Cancer Is Modulated by Secretor (FUT2) Genotype, but Not Lewis Antigen (FUT3) Genotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1242-1248. [PMID: 37342060 PMCID: PMC10527950 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Western populations, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk has been found to be greater among individuals with non-O blood types than those with O blood type. However, the association has not been fully evaluated with respect to FUT2 (determining secretor status) and FUT3 (determining Lewis antigens) status, two biologically important genes in the expression of ABO blood groups with PDAC. METHODS We examined interactions in data from 8,027 cases and 11,362 controls in large pancreatic cancer consortia (PanScan I-III and PanC4) by using genetic variants to predict ABO blood groups (rs505922 and rs8176746), secretor status (rs601338), and Lewis antigens (rs812936, rs28362459, and rs3894326). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the risk of PDAC adjusted for age and sex. We examined multiplicative interactions of ABO with secretor status and Lewis antigens by considering each product term between ABO and secretor and between ABO and Lewis antigens individually. RESULTS We found that the increased risk associated with non-O blood groups was somewhat stronger among secretors than nonsecretors [ORs, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15-1.42) and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.03-1.32) respectively; Pinteraction = 0.002]. We did not find any interactions between ABO and Lewis antigens. CONCLUSIONS Our large consortia data provide evidence of effect modification in the association between non-O blood type and pancreatic cancer risk by secretor status. IMPACT Our results indicate that the association between ABO blood type and PDAC risk may vary by secretor status, but not by Lewis antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics,
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laufey T. Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer
Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer
Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United
States of America
| | | | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of
Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics,
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Almorish MA, Al-Absi B, Elkhalifa AME, Elamin E, Elderdery AY, Alhamidi AH. ABO, Lewis blood group systems and secretory status with H.pylori infection in yemeni dyspeptic patients: a cross- sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:520. [PMID: 37553651 PMCID: PMC10408178 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ABO and Lewis blood group antigens are potential factors in susceptibility to H. pylori infection. This research aimed to examine the prevalence of Helicobater pylori (H.pylori) infection and its association with ABO, Lewis blood group systems, and secretory status in Yemeni symptomatic patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 103 patients referred for endoscopy due to dyspepsia were included. H pylori infection was assessed using stool antigen and serum antibody rapid tests. ABO and Lewis blood group systems were examined using hemagglutination assay. Saliva samples were investigated for identification of the secretory phenotype using hemagglutination inhibition test. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was (80.6%), with a higher rate of infection in females than males. The ABO blood groups were found to be significantly different between males and females (p = 0.047). The O blood group was prevalent among H. pylori patients, especially secretors. There was a significant association between ABO blood groups and H. pylori infection (p = 0.001). The Le (a + b+) phenotype was the most common, followed by Le (a + b-), Le (a-b+), and Le (a-b-). Lewis blood group systems and secretory status of symptomatic patients were not associated with H. pylori infection. The results showed that serum Ab test for H. pylori achieved poor sensitivity (68%), specificity of 55%; positive predictive value (PPV) 86%, negative predictive value (NPV) 29% and accuracy 65.1%. CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high in Yemeni patients. This infection was linked to the O and Le (a + b+) secretor phenotype. The H. pylori stool Ag test is the most reliable noninvasive diagnostic method for detecting H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boshra Al-Absi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ahmed M E Elkhalifa
- Public Heath Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Elham Elamin
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Abozer Y Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz H Alhamidi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Mammadov RA, Selten JW, Roest HP, Verhoeven CJ, Maroni L, Bril SI, Tolenaars D, Gadjradj PS, van de Graaf SFJ, Oude Elferink RPJ, Kwekkeboom J, Metselaar HJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Beuers U, IJzermans JNM, van der Laan LJW. Intestinal Bacteremia After Liver Transplantation Is a Risk Factor for Recurrence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Transplantation 2023; 107:1764-1775. [PMID: 36978227 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic progressive pathological process, related to inflammatory bowel disease and subsequent bacterial translocation. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative therapy, but outcomes are compromised by recurrence of PSC (rPSC). The aim of the study was to investigate a potential link between intestinal bacteremia, fucosyltransferase-2 (FUT2), and rPSC after LT. METHODS LT recipients with PSC (n = 81) or without PSC (n = 271) were analyzed for clinical outcomes and positive bacterial blood cultures. A link between bacteremia and the genetic variant of the FUT2 gene was investigated. RESULTS The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease was significantly higher in PSC recipients but not associated with rPSC. Bacteremia occurred in 31% of PSC recipients. The incidence of rPSC was 37% and was significantly more common in patients with intestinal bacteremia versus no bacteremia (82% versus 30%; P = 0.003). The nonsecretor polymorphism of the FUT2 gene was identified as a genetic risk factor for both intestinal bacteremia and rPSC. Combined FUT2 genotype and intestinal bacteremia in recipients resulted in the highest risk for rPSC (hazard ratio, 15.3; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Thus, in this article, we showed that bacterial translocation is associated with rPSC after LT and related to the FUT2 nonsecretor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan A Mammadov
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn W Selten
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia J Verhoeven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Maroni
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sandra I Bril
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Tolenaars
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pravesh S Gadjradj
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Packer RJ, Shrine N, Hall R, Melbourne CA, Thompson R, Williams AT, Paynton ML, Guyatt AL, Allen RJ, Lee PH, John C, Campbell A, Hayward C, de Vries M, Vonk JM, Davitte J, Hessel E, Michalovich D, Betts JC, Sayers I, Yeo A, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. Genome-wide association study of chronic sputum production implicates loci involved in mucus production and infection. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201667. [PMID: 37263751 PMCID: PMC10284065 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01667-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic sputum production impacts on quality of life and is a feature of many respiratory diseases. Identification of the genetic variants associated with chronic sputum production in a disease agnostic sample could improve understanding of its causes and identify new molecular targets for treatment. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronic sputum production in UK Biobank. Signals meeting genome-wide significance (p<5×10-8) were investigated in additional independent studies, were fine-mapped and putative causal genes identified by gene expression analysis. GWASs of respiratory traits were interrogated to identify whether the signals were driven by existing respiratory disease among the cases and variants were further investigated for wider pleiotropic effects using phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs). RESULTS From a GWAS of 9714 cases and 48 471 controls, we identified six novel genome-wide significant signals for chronic sputum production including signals in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus, chromosome 11 mucin locus (containing MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) and FUT2 locus. The four common variant associations were supported by independent studies with a combined sample size of up to 2203 cases and 17 627 controls. The mucin locus signal had previously been reported for association with moderate-to-severe asthma. The HLA signal was fine-mapped to an amino acid change of threonine to arginine (frequency 36.8%) in HLA-DRB1 (HLA-DRB1*03:147). The signal near FUT2 was associated with expression of several genes including FUT2, for which the direction of effect was tissue dependent. Our PheWAS identified a wide range of associations including blood cell traits, liver biomarkers, infections, gastrointestinal and thyroid-associated diseases, and respiratory disease. CONCLUSIONS Novel signals at the FUT2 and mucin loci suggest that mucin fucosylation may be a driver of chronic sputum production even in the absence of diagnosed respiratory disease and provide genetic support for this pathway as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Packer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca Thompson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alex T Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Megan L Paynton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard J Allen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul H Lee
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maaike de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Sayers
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ian P Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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7
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Hang SMT, Hegele RA, Berberich AJ. Genetic determinants of pancreatitis: relevance in severe hypertriglyceridemia. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:59-69. [PMID: 36752614 PMCID: PMC10069755 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Not all patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia develop acute pancreatitis. We surveyed recent literature on inter-individual genetic variation in susceptibility to pancreatitis. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic determinants of pancreatitis include: rare Mendelian disorders caused by highly penetrant pathogenic variants in genes involved in trypsinogen activation; uncommon susceptibility variants in genes involved in trypsinogen activation, protein misfolding as well as calcium metabolism and cystic fibrosis, that have variable penetrance and show a range of odds ratios for pancreatitis; and common polymorphisms in many of the same genes that have only a small effect on risk. The role of these genetic variants in modulating pancreatitis risk in hypertriglyceridemia is unclear. However, among genetic determinants of plasma triglycerides, those predisposing to more severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with chylomicronemia appear to have higher pancreatitis risk. SUMMARY Currently, among patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, the most consistent predictor of pancreatitis risk is the triglyceride level. Furthermore, pancreatitis risk appears to be modulated by a higher genetic burden of factors associated with greater magnitude of triglyceride elevation. The role of common and rare genetic determinants of pancreatitis itself in this metabolic context is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyann M T Hang
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Nanthakumar NN, Meng D, Newburg DS. Fucosylated TLR4 mediates communication between mutualist fucotrophic microbiota and mammalian gut mucosa. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1070734. [PMID: 37007789 PMCID: PMC10061023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The glycans on the mucosa of suckling mice are predominantly sialylated; upon weaning, fucosylated glycans preponderate. This manifestation of mutualism between fucotrophic bacteria and the mature host utilizes a sentinel receptor in the intestinal mucosa; this receptor was isolated to distinguish its structural and functional features. Design Provisional identification of the sentinel gut receptor as fuc-TLR4 was through colonization of germ-free mutant mice. Conventional mice whose microbiota was depleted with a cocktail of antibiotics were used to further define the nature and functions of fuc-TLR4 sentinel, and to define the role of the fucotrophic microbiota in gut homeostasis and recovery from insult. The nature of the sentinel was confirmed in cultured human HEL cells. Results Fuc-TLR4 activity is distinct from that of TLR4. Activated mucosal fuc-TLR4 induces a fuc-TLR4 dependent non-inflammatory (ERK and JNK dependent, NF-κB independent) signaling cascade, initiating induction of fucosyltransferase 2 (secretor) gene transcription. In vitro, either defucosylation or TLR4 knockdown abrogates FUT2 induction, indicating that fuc-TLR4 activity requires both the peptide and glycan moieties. In vivo, fucose-utilizing bacteria and fucose-binding ligands induce mucosal fucosylation. Activation of this pathway is essential for recovery from chemically induced mucosal injury in vivo. Conclusion In mature mice, fucosyl-TLR4 mediated gut fucosylation creates a niche that supports the healthy fucose-dependent mutualism between the mammalian gut and its fucotrophic microbes. Such microbiota-induced Fuc-TLR4 signaling supports initial colonization of the secretor gut, recovery from dysbiosis, and restoration or preservation of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S. Newburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Gheorghe G, Ionescu VA, Moldovan H, Diaconu CC. Clinical and Biological Data in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer vs. Chronic Pancreatitis-A Single Center Comparative Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030369. [PMID: 36766475 PMCID: PMC9914010 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In some patients with chronic pancreatitis, the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can be missed. The objective of the study was to identify clinical and paraclinical data with statistical significance in the differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational study on a cohort of 120 patients hospitalized over 3 years. The patients were equally distributed in two groups: group A, with 60 patients with pancreatic cancer, and group B, with 60 patients with chronic pancreatitis. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the R program. RESULTS The comparative analysis of pancreatic cancer vs. chronic pancreatitis revealed a stronger link between pancreatic cancer, female gender (p = 0.001) and age over 60 years (p < 0.001). Patients with pancreatic cancer had higher serum values of aspartate aminotransferase (p 0.005), alanine aminotransferase (p 0.006), total bilirubin (p < 0.001), direct bilirubin (p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (p 0.030), C-reactive protein (p = 0.049) and uric acid (p 0.001), while patients with chronic pancreatitis presented slightly higher values of amylase (p 0.020) and lipase (p 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Female gender, advanced age, elevated aminotransferases, cholestasis markers and uric acid were associated with a higher probability of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Gheorghe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Alexandru Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.A.I.); (C.C.D.); Tel.: +40-726-377-300 (C.C.D.)
| | - Horatiu Moldovan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.A.I.); (C.C.D.); Tel.: +40-726-377-300 (C.C.D.)
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10
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Kløve-Mogensen K, Steffensen R, Masmas TN, Glenthøj A, Haunstrup TM, Ratcliffe P, Höglund P, Hasle H, Nielsen KR. ABO, secretor, and Lewis carbohydrate histo-blood groups are associated with autoimmune neutropenia of early childhood in Danish patients. Transfusion 2022; 62:1636-1642. [PMID: 35792132 PMCID: PMC9544446 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Autoimmune neutropenia of early childhood (AIN) is caused by autoantibodies directed against antigens on the neutrophil membrane. The ABO, secretor, and Lewis histo‐blood group systems control the expression of carbohydrate antigens and have previously been linked to autoimmune diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between genotypes and the risk of AIN in Danish patients. Study Design and Methods One hundred fifty‐four antibody‐positive AIN patients were included. Controls (n = 400) were healthy unrelated Danish blood donors. Molecular determination of ABO, secretor (FUT2), and Lewis (FUT3) genotypes were determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Sanger sequencing to infer the prevalence of Lewis antigens (Lea and Leb) and secretor (SeSe or Sese) or nonsecretor (sese) phenotypes. Results Blood type O was more common in controls (46.8%) than in AIN patients (36.4%) (OR = 0.65; p = 0.028). Secretors of H Leb antigens were less frequent among AIN patients (25.2%) than controls (35.0%) (OR = 0.62; p = 0.037). Discussion ABO blood group antigens and the secretion of these antigens are associated with a diagnosis of AIN. The mechanism underlying the association between autoimmunity and interaction among ABO, secretor, and Lewis genotypes has not yet been elucidated, but several studies indicate a connection to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kløve-Mogensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tania Nicole Masmas
- Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunodeficiency, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Glenthøj
- Center for Hemoglobinopathies, Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thure Mors Haunstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paul Ratcliffe
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar René Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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11
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Beyer G, Hoffmeister A, Michl P, Gress TM, Huber W, Algül H, Neesse A, Meining A, Seufferlein TW, Rosendahl J, Kahl S, Keller J, Werner J, Friess H, Bufler P, Löhr MJ, Schneider A, Lynen Jansen P, Esposito I, Grenacher L, Mössner J, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. S3-Leitlinie Pankreatitis – Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – September 2021 – AWMF Registernummer 021-003. Z Gastroenterol 2022; 60:419-521. [PMID: 35263785 DOI: 10.1055/a-1735-3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Beyer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Bereich Gastroenterologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Patrick Michl
- Universitätsklinik u. Poliklinik Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Mathias Gress
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München TUM, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München TUM, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Universitätsklinik u. Poliklinik Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Kahl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin m. Schwerpkt. Gastro./Hämat./Onko./Nephro., DRK Kliniken Berlin Köpenick, Deutschland
| | - Jutta Keller
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Jens Werner
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum München, Deutschland
| | - Helmut Friess
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland
| | - Philip Bufler
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m. S. Gastroenterologie, Nephrologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Matthias J Löhr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Karolinska, Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Schweden
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Klinikum Bad Hersfeld, Deutschland
| | - Petra Lynen Jansen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Irene Esposito
- Pathologisches Institut, Heinrich-Heine-Universität und Universitätsklinikum Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Lars Grenacher
- Conradia Radiologie München Schwabing, München, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Bereich Gastroenterologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin A, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Deutschland.,Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Deutschland
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
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12
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Nasirigerdeh R, Torkzadehmahani R, Matschinske J, Frisch T, List M, Späth J, Weiss S, Völker U, Pitkänen E, Heider D, Wenke NK, Kaissis G, Rueckert D, Kacprowski T, Baumbach J. sPLINK: a hybrid federated tool as a robust alternative to meta-analysis in genome-wide association studies. Genome Biol 2022; 23:32. [PMID: 35073941 PMCID: PMC8785575 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis has been established as an effective approach to combining summary statistics of several genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the accuracy of meta-analysis can be attenuated in the presence of cross-study heterogeneity. We present sPLINK, a hybrid federated and user-friendly tool, which performs privacy-aware GWAS on distributed datasets while preserving the accuracy of the results. sPLINK is robust against heterogeneous distributions of data across cohorts while meta-analysis considerably loses accuracy in such scenarios. sPLINK achieves practical runtime and acceptable network usage for chi-square and linear/logistic regression tests. sPLINK is available at https://exbio.wzw.tum.de/splink .
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nasirigerdeh
- AI in Medicine and Healthcare, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Julian Matschinske
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Frisch
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Späth
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kerstin Wenke
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgios Kaissis
- AI in Medicine and Healthcare, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
- OpenMined, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- AI in Medicine and Healthcare, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Brunswick, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Saluja AK, Carney JB, Willhite J, Go VLW. The American Pancreatic Association 52nd Annual Meeting: The Vay Liang and Frisca Go Award for Lifetime Achievement and the Distinguished Service Award. Pancreas 2022; 51:1-3. [PMID: 35195588 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Saluja
- From the American Pancreatic Association, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | - Jill Willhite
- From the American Pancreatic Association, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Vay Liang W Go
- UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases, Los Angeles, CA
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14
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Adam MG, Beyer G, Christiansen N, Kamlage B, Pilarsky C, Distler M, Fahlbusch T, Chromik A, Klein F, Bahra M, Uhl W, Grützmann R, Mahajan UM, Weiss FU, Mayerle J, Lerch MM. Identification and validation of a multivariable prediction model based on blood plasma and serum metabolomics for the distinction of chronic pancreatitis subjects from non-pancreas disease control subjects. Gut 2021; 70:2150-2158. [PMID: 33541865 PMCID: PMC8515121 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to organ dysfunction, chronic pain, an increased risk for pancreatic cancer and considerable morbidity. Due to a lack of specific biomarkers, diagnosis is based on symptoms and specific but insensitive imaging features, preventing an early diagnosis and appropriate management. DESIGN We conducted a type 3 study for multivariable prediction for individual prognosis according to the TRIPOD guidelines. A signature to distinguish CP from controls (n=160) was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-plasma and validated in independent cohorts. RESULTS A Naive Bayes algorithm identified eight metabolites of six ontology classes. After algorithm training and computation of optimal cut-offs, classification according to the metabolic signature detected CP with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 ((95% CI 0.79 to 0.91). External validation in two independent cohorts (total n=502) resulted in similar accuracy for detection of CP compared with non-pancreatic controls in EDTA-plasma (AUC 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89)) and serum (AUC 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.95)). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that identifies and independently validates a metabolomic signature in plasma and serum for the diagnosis of CP in large, prospective cohorts. The results could provide the basis for the development of the first routine laboratory test for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Marius Distler
- Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Visceral-, Thorax- and Vascular Surgery, Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Tim Fahlbusch
- St. Josef Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Chromik
- Askleipios Clinic Harburg, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Group, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz Klein
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charite Mitte, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bahra
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charite Mitte, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Uhl
- St. Josef Hospital, Department of Surgery, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ujjwal M Mahajan
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
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15
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Caldwell J, Matson A, Mosha M, Hagadorn JI, Moore J, Brownell E. Maternal H-antigen secretor status is an early biomarker for potential preterm delivery. J Perinatol 2021; 41:2147-55. [PMID: 33235282 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pre-pregnancy or first trimester biomarkers predicting preterm delivery are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal H-antigen (secretor status) is a potential biomarker for preterm delivery. METHODS This cohort study examined maternal saliva samples and birth data gathered by the National Children's Study Vanguard pilot phase (2009-2014) and included 300 women who were ≥18 years old and provided birth data and saliva samples. The maternal secretor status phenotype was determined by quantifying H-antigen in saliva using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Mothers were stratified by secretor status and multivariable analysis estimated adjusted associations with preterm delivery. RESULTS Maternal lack of H-antigen production was an independent risk factor for preterm delivery after adjusting for known confounders (aOR 4.53; 95% CI: 1.74, 11.81; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Maternal H-antigen may be a biomarker identifying women at-risk for preterm delivery. Prospective cohort studies validating these findings are needed.
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16
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Rühlemann MC, Hermes BM, Bang C, Doms S, Moitinho-Silva L, Thingholm LB, Frost F, Degenhardt F, Wittig M, Kässens J, Weiss FU, Peters A, Neuhaus K, Völker U, Völzke H, Homuth G, Weiss S, Grallert H, Laudes M, Lieb W, Haller D, Lerch MM, Baines JF, Franke A. Genome-wide association study in 8,956 German individuals identifies influence of ABO histo-blood groups on gut microbiome. Nat Genet 2021; 53:147-155. [PMID: 33462482 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is implicated as an important modulating factor in multiple inflammatory1,2, neurologic3 and neoplastic diseases4. Recent genome-wide association studies yielded inconsistent, underpowered and rarely replicated results such that the role of human host genetics as a contributing factor to microbiome assembly and structure remains uncertain5-11. Nevertheless, twin studies clearly suggest host genetics as a driver of microbiome composition11. In a genome-wide association analysis of 8,956 German individuals, we identified 38 genetic loci to be associated with single bacteria and overall microbiome composition. Further analyses confirm the identified associations of ABO histo-blood groups and FUT2 secretor status with Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium spp. Mendelian randomization analysis suggests causative and protective effects of gut microbes, with clade-specific effects on inflammatory bowel disease. This holistic investigative approach of the host, its genetics and its associated microbial communities as a 'metaorganism' broaden our understanding of disease etiology, and emphasize the potential for implementing microbiota in disease treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britt Marie Hermes
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shauni Doms
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Kässens
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Hashiguchi H, Tsukamoto Y, Ogawa M, Tashima Y, Takeuchi H, Nakamura M, Kawashima H, Fujishiro M, Okajima T. Glycoproteomic analysis identifies cryptdin-related sequence 1 as O-glycosylated protein modified with α1,2-fucose in the small intestine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108653. [PMID: 33127381 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The modification of galactose with α1,2-fucose is involved in symbiosis with intestinal bacteria and elimination of pathogenic bacteria. It is postulated that α1,2-fucosylated mucin secreted from goblet cells is involved in defending an organism against infections, but the detailed molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. It was previously reported that Paneth cells of the small intestine were positive for UEA-1 lectin staining. However, glycoproteins in Paneth cells carrying α1,2-fucose have not yet been identified. Glycoproteomic analysis of ileal lysates identified 3212 O-linked and 2962 N-linked glycopeptides. In particular, cryptdin-related sequence 1 (CRS1) expressed in Paneth cells was found to be α1,2-fucosylated. Unlike other antimicrobial α-defensin proteins, CRS1 contains unique Thr residues, which are modified with O-glycans, with 3HexNAc2Hex1Fuc1NeuAc being the main glycoform. Identification of α1,2-fucose on the O-glycans of CRS1 expressed in Paneth cells will pave the way for a mechanistic understanding of α1,2-fucose-dependent symbiosis with intestinal bacteria and elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hashiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuko Tashima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Weiss FU, Laemmerhirt F, Lerch MM. Next generation sequencing pitfalls in diagnosing trypsinogen (PRSS1) mutations in chronic pancreatitis. Gut 2020; 70:gutjnl-2020-322864. [PMID: 32989020 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank U Weiss
- Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Felix Laemmerhirt
- Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
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Whitcomb DC; North American Pancreatitis Study Group. Pancreatitis: TIGAR-O Version 2 Risk/Etiology Checklist With Topic Reviews, Updates, and Use Primers. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10:e00027. [PMID: 31166201 PMCID: PMC6613863 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Toxic-metabolic, Idiopathic, Genetic, Autoimmune, Recurrent and severe acute pancreatitis and Obstructive (TIGAR-O) Pancreatitis Risk/Etiology Checklist (TIGAR-O_V1) is a broad classification system that lists the major risk factors and etiologies of recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and overlapping pancreatic disorders with or without genetic, immunologic, metabolic, nutritional, neurologic, metaplastic, or other features. New discoveries and progressive concepts since the 2001 TIGAR-O list relevant to understanding and managing complex pancreatic disorders require an update to TIGAR-O_V2 with both a short (S) and long (L) form. The revised system is designed as a hierarchical checklist for health care workers to quickly document and track specific factors that, alone or in combinations, may contribute to progressive pancreatic disease in individual patients or groups of patients and to assist in treatment selection. The rationale and key clinical considerations are summarized for each updated classification item. Familiarity with the structured format speeds up the completion process and supports thoroughness and consideration of complex or alternative diagnoses during evaluation and serves as a framework for communication. The structured approach also facilitates the new health information technologies that required high-quality data for accurate precision medicine. A use primer accompanies the TIGAR-O_V2 checklist with rationale and comments for health care workers and industries caring for patients with pancreatic diseases.
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Zhou R, Llorente C, Cao J, Gao B, Duan Y, Jiang L, Wang Y, Kumar V, Stärkel P, Bode L, Fan X, Schnabl B. Deficiency of Intestinal α1-2-Fucosylation Exacerbates Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease in Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1842-1851. [PMID: 32628772 PMCID: PMC7808344 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2)-mediated intestinal α1-2-fucosylation is important in maintaining a symbiotic host-microbiota relationship and can protect against several pathogens. Intestinal dysbiosis is an important factor for the progression of experimental ethanol (EtOH)-induced liver disease, but the role of Fut2 in modulating the intestinal glycocalyx during alcohol-associated liver disease is unknown. We investigated the role of Fut2-mediated intestinal α1-2-fucosylation for the development of alcohol-associated liver disease. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to evaluate α1-2-fucosylation in duodenal biopsies from patients with alcohol use disorder. Wild-type (WT) and Fut2-deficient littermate mice were subjected to Lieber-DeCarli models of chronic EtOH administration and the chronic-binge EtOH diet (NIAAA model). RESULTS Intestinal α1-2-fucosylation was down-regulated in patients with alcohol use disorder. Lack of α1-2-fucosylation in Fut2-deficient mice exacerbates chronic EtOH-induced liver injury, steatosis, and inflammation without affecting EtOH metabolism. Dietary supplementation of the α1-2-fucosylated glycan 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) ameliorates EtOH-induced liver disease in Fut2-deficient mice in the NIAAA model. Despite no direct effects on growth of Enterococcus faecalis in vitro, intestinal α1-2-fucosylation reduces colonization of cytolysin-positive E. faecalis in the intestine of EtOH-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal α1-2-fucosylation acts as a host-protective mechanism against EtOH-induced liver disease. 2'-FL is an oligosaccharide naturally present in human milk that could be considered as therapeutic agent for alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Hunan, Changsha, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinling Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- St Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Żorniak M, Sirtl S, Mayerle J, Beyer G. What Do We Currently Know about the Pathophysiology of Alcoholic Pancreatitis: A Brief Review. Visc Med 2020; 36:182-190. [PMID: 32775348 PMCID: PMC7383280 DOI: 10.1159/000508173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic pancreatitis is a serious medical concern worldwide and remains to be one of the common causes of pancreatic disease. SUMMARY While alcohol consumption causes direct damage to pancreatic tissue, only a small percentage of active drinkers will develop pancreatitis. An explanation of this phenomenon is probably that alcohol increases pancreatic vulnerability to damage; however, the simultaneous presence of additional risk factors and pancreatic costressors is required to increase the risk of pancreatitis and its complications caused by alcohol misuse. Recently, a number of important genetic as well as environmental factors influencing the risk of alcoholic pancreatitis have been described. KEY MESSAGES In brief, this review reports established factors for the development of alcoholic pancreatitis and summarizes recent progress made in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Żorniak
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Simon Sirtl
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Malla SR, Krueger B, Wartmann T, Sendler M, Mahajan UM, Weiss FU, Thiel FG, De Boni C, Gorelick FS, Halangk W, Aghdassi AA, Reinheckel T, Gukovskaya AS, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. Early trypsin activation develops independently of autophagy in caerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1811-1825. [PMID: 31363815 PMCID: PMC8221268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Premature intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation is widely regarded as an initiating event for acute pancreatitis. Previous studies have alternatively implicated secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, or autophagosomes/autophagolysosomes as the primary site of trypsinogen activation, from which a cell-damaging proteolytic cascade originates. To identify the subcellular compartment of initial trypsinogen activation we performed a time-resolution analysis of the first 12 h of caerulein-induced pancreatitis in transgenic light chain 3 (LC3)-GFP autophagy reporter mice. Intrapancreatic trypsin activity increased within 60 min and serum amylase within 2 h, but fluorescent autophagosome formation only by 4 h of pancreatitis in parallel with a shift from cytosolic LC3-I to membranous LC3-II on Western blots. At 60 min, activated trypsin in heavier subcellular fractions was co-distributed with cathepsin B, but not with the autophagy markers LC3 or autophagy protein 16 (ATG16). Supramaximal caerulein stimulation of primary pancreatic acini derived from LC3-GFP mice revealed that trypsinogen activation is independent of autophagolysosome formation already during the first 15 min of exposure to caerulein. Co-localization studies (with GFP-LC3 autophagosomes versus Ile-Pro-Arg-AMC trypsin activity and immunogold-labelling of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP-2] versus trypsinogen activation peptide [TAP]) indicated active trypsin in autophagolysosomes only at the later timepoints. In conclusion, during the initiating phase of caerulein-induced pancreatitis, premature protease activation develops independently of autophagolysosome formation and in vesicles arising from the secretory pathway. However, autophagy is likely to regulate overall intracellular trypsin activity during the later stages of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan R Malla
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Disease and Cirrhosis, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Burkhard Krueger
- Division of Medical Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Thomas Wartmann
- Division of Experimental Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Ujjwal M Mahajan
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwigs-Maximilians University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Franziska G Thiel
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Carina De Boni
- Division of Experimental Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | | | - Walter Halangk
- Division of Experimental Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Ali A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Anna S Gukovskaya
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Disease and Cirrhosis, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruchstrasse, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwigs-Maximilians University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
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23
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King JR, Varadé J, Hammarström L. Fucosyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms and Lewisb-Negative Status Are Frequent in Swedish Newborns, With Implications for Infectious Disease Susceptibility and Personalized Medicine. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8:507-518. [PMID: 30544260 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fucosyltransferase genes FUT2 and FUT3 have been associated with susceptibility to various infectious and inflammatory disorders. FUT variations influence the expression of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) (H-type 1 and Lewis), which are highly expressed in the gut and play an important role in microbial attachment, metabolism, colonization, and shaping of the microbiome. In particular, FUT polymorphisms confer susceptibility to specific rotavirus and norovirus genotypes, which has important global health implications. METHODS We designed a genotyping method using a nested polymerase chain reaction approach to determine the frequency of SNPs in FUT2 and FUT3, thereby inferring the prevalence of Lewisb-positive, Lewisb-negative, secretor, and nonsecretor phenotypes in 520 Swedish newborns. RESULTS There was an increased frequency of homozygotes for the minor allele for 1 SNP in FUT2 and 4 SNPs in FUT3. Overall, 37.3% of newborns were found to have Lewis b negative phenotypes (Le (a+b-) or Le (a-b-). Using our new, sensitive genotyping method, we were able to genetically define the Le (a-b-) individuals based on their secretor status and found that the frequency of Lewis b negative newborns in our cohort was 28%. CONCLUSIONS Given the high frequency of fucosyltransferase polymorphisms observed in our newborn cohort and the implications for disease susceptibility, FUT genotyping might play a future role in personalized health care, including recommendations for disease screening, therapy, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka R King
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital Campus, and Robinson Research Institute and Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jezabel Varadé
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Olafsson S, Alexandersson KF, Gizurarson JGK, Hauksdottir K, Gunnarsson O, Olafsson K, Gudmundsson J, Stacey SN, Sveinbjornsson G, Saemundsdottir J, Bjornsson ES, Olafsson S, Bjornsson S, Orvar KB, Vikingsson A, Geirsson AJ, Arinbjarnarson S, Bjornsdottir G, Thorgeirsson TE, Sigurdsson S, Halldorsson GH, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Holm H, Jonsdottir I, Sigurdardottir O, Eyjolfsson GI, Olafsson I, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Jonsson T, Rafnar T, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K. Common and Rare Sequence Variants Influencing Tumor Biomarkers in Blood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:225-235. [PMID: 31666285 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigens 15.3, 19.9, and 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are widely measured in attempts to detect cancer and to monitor treatment response. However, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity, their utility is debated. The serum levels of these markers are affected by a number of nonmalignant factors, including genotype. Thus, it may be possible to improve both sensitivity and specificity by adjusting test results for genetic effects. METHODS We performed genome-wide association studies of serum levels of AFP (N = 22,686), carcinoembryonic antigen (N = 22,309), cancer antigens 15.3 (N = 7,107), 19.9 (N = 9,945), and 125 (N = 9,824), and ALP (N = 162,774). We also examined the correlations between levels of these biomarkers and the presence of cancer, using data from a nationwide cancer registry. RESULTS We report a total of 84 associations of 79 sequence variants with levels of the six biomarkers, explaining between 2.3% and 42.3% of the phenotypic variance. Among the 79 variants, 22 are cis (in- or near the gene encoding the biomarker), 18 have minor allele frequency less than 1%, 31 are coding variants, and 7 are associated with gene expression in whole blood. We also find multiple conditions associated with higher biomarker levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insights into the genetic contribution to diversity in concentration of tumor biomarkers in blood. IMPACT Genetic correction of biomarker values could improve prediction algorithms and decision-making based on these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Orvar Gunnarsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Karl Olafsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Einar S Bjornsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Olafsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Bjornsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Medical Center, Glaesibae, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kjartan B Orvar
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Medical Center, Glaesibae, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arnor Vikingsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Thraut Fibromyalgia Clinic, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni J Geirsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Medical Center (Laeknasetrid), Laboratory in Mjodd (RAM), Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorvaldur Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/AMGEN, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Bärenwaldt A, Läubli H. The sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint - a target for improving innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:839-853. [PMID: 31524529 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1667977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: During cancer progression, tumor cells develop several mechanisms to prevent killing and to shape the immune system into a tumor-promoting environment. One of such regulatory mechanism is the overexpression of sialic acid (Sia) on carbohydrates of proteins and lipids on tumor cells. Sia-containing glycans or sialoglycans were shown to inhibit immune effector functions of NK cells and T cells by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors on the surface of these cells. They can also modulate the differentiation of myeloid cells into tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. Areas covered: We review the role of sialoglycans in cancer and introduce the Siglecs, their expression on different immune cells and their interaction with cancer-associated sialoglycans. The targeting of this sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint is discussed along with potential therapeutic approaches. Pubmed was searched for publications on Siglecs, sialic acid, and cancer. Expert opinion: The targeting of sialoglycan-Siglec interactions has become a major focus in cancer research. New approaches have been developed that directly target sialic acids in tumor lesions. Targeted sialidases that cleave sialic acid specifically in the tumor, have already shown efficacy; efforts targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec pathway for improvement of CAR T cell therapy are ongoing. The sialoglycan-Siglec immune checkpoint is a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bärenwaldt
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
Fucosylation is a post-translational modification of glycans, proteins, and lipids that is responsible for many biological processes. Fucose conjugation via α(1,2), α(1,3), α(1,4), α(1,6), and O'- linkages to glycans, and variations in fucosylation linkages, has important implications for cancer biology. This review focuses on the roles that fucosylation plays in cancer, specifically through modulation of cell surface proteins and signaling pathways. How L-fucose and serum fucosylation patterns might be used for future clinical diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Keeley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- University of South Florida Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Eric Lau
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA.
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Gellert-Kristensen H, Dalila N, Fallgaard Nielsen S, Grønne Nordestgaard B, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Stender S. Identification and Replication of Six Loci Associated With Gallstone Disease. Hepatology 2019; 70:597-609. [PMID: 30325047 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gallstone disease is a common complex disease that confers a substantial economic burden on society. The genetic underpinnings of gallstone disease remain incompletely understood. We aimed to identify genetic associations with gallstone disease using publicly available data from the UK Biobank and two large Danish cohorts. We extracted genetic associations with gallstone disease from the Global Biobank Engine (GBE), an online browser of genome-wide associations in UK Biobank participants (14,940 cases and 322,268 controls). Significant associations (P < 5 × 10-8 ) were retested in two Copenhagen cohorts (comprising 1,522 cases and 18,266 controls). In the Copenhagen cohorts, we also tested whether a genetic risk score was associated with gallstone disease and whether individual gallstone loci were associated with plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes. We identified 19 loci to be associated with gallstone disease in the GBE. Of these, 12 were replicated in the Copenhagen cohorts, including six previously unknown loci (in hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha [HNF4A], fucosyltransferase 2, serpin family A member 1 [SERPINA1], jumonji domain containing 1C, AC074212.3, and solute carrier family 10A member 2 [SLC10A2]) and six known loci (in adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 8 [ABCG8], sulfotransferase family 2A member 1, cytochrome P450 7A1, transmembrane 4 L six family member 4, ABCB4, and tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39B). Five of the gallstone associations are protein-altering variants, and three (HNF4A p.Thr139Ile, SERPINA1 p.Glu366Lys, and SLC10A2 p.Pro290Ser) conferred per-allele odds ratios for gallstone disease of 1.30-1.36. Individuals with a genetic risk score >2.5 (prevalence 1%) had a 5-fold increased risk of gallstones compared to those with a score <1.0 (11%). Of the 19 lithogenic loci, 11 and ten exhibited distinct patterns of association with plasma levels of lipids and liver enzymes, respectively. Conclusion: We identified six susceptibility loci for gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawar Dalila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune Fallgaard Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Go VLW, Torres VS, Carney JB, Saluja AK. The 49th Annual Meeting of the American Pancreatic Association in Collaboration With the International Association of Pancreatology. Pancreas 2019; 48:735-8. [PMID: 31206464 DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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29
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Mayerle J, Sendler M, Hegyi E, Beyer G, Lerch MM, Sahin-Tóth M. Genetics, Cell Biology, and Pathophysiology of Pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1951-1968.e1. [PMID: 30660731 PMCID: PMC6903413 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first trypsinogen mutation in families with hereditary pancreatitis, pancreatic genetics has made rapid progress. The identification of mutations in genes involved in the digestive protease-antiprotease pathway has lent additional support to the notion that pancreatitis is a disease of autodigestion. Clinical and experimental observations have provided compelling evidence that premature intrapancreatic activation of digestive proteases is critical in pancreatitis onset. However, disease course and severity are mostly governed by inflammatory cells that drive local and systemic immune responses. In this article, we review the genetics, cell biology, and immunology of pancreatitis with a focus on protease activation pathways and other early events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mayerle
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany,Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eszter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Georg Beyer
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Center for Exocrine Disorders, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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30
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Weiss FU, Laemmerhirt F, Lerch MM. Etiology and Risk Factors of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis. Visc Med 2019; 35:73-81. [PMID: 31192240 DOI: 10.1159/000499138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the recognition of common etiological and genetic risk factors, acute and chronic pancreatitis are increasingly regarded as a continuum of the same disease, with a significant overlap of clinical manifestations and phenotypes but distinct morphological and imaging appearances. Recent population-based and cohort studies have found that tobacco smoke conveys a greater risk than immoderate alcohol consumption for the development of chronic pancreatitis, and hypertriglyceridemia has been identified as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis - even when plasma levels are only mildly elevated. Hereditary pancreatitis, in its autosomal dominant form, is associated with mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1), whereas a number of germline variations in other genes have been found to represent risk factors for chronic as well as acute pancreatitis. For now, most of these involve the pancreatic digestive protease/antiprotease system. Oftentimes, affected patients are burdened with multiple or accumulating risk factors, and genetic traits when combined with environmental toxins compound the chance of developing the disease. Determining the underlying etiology of pancreatitis is worth the effort since formerly intractable varieties such as autoimmune pancreatitis are now becoming increasingly treatable, and subtype-specific therapeutic modalities may become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, Greifswald Medical School, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Laemmerhirt
- Department of Medicine A, Greifswald Medical School, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, Greifswald Medical School, Greifswald, Germany
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31
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El Jellas K, Johansson BB, Fjeld K, Antonopoulos A, Immervoll H, Choi MH, Hoem D, Lowe ME, Lombardo D, Njølstad PR, Dell A, Mas E, Haslam SM, Molven A. The mucinous domain of pancreatic carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) contains core 1/core 2 O-glycans that can be modified by ABO blood group determinants. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19476-19491. [PMID: 30315106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) is a pancreatic fat-digesting enzyme associated with human disease. Rare mutations in the CEL gene cause a syndrome of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine dysfunction denoted MODY8, whereas a recombined CEL allele increases the risk for chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, CEL has been linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through a postulated oncofetal CEL variant termed feto-acinar pancreatic protein (FAPP). The monoclonal antibody mAb16D10 was previously reported to detect a glycotope in the highly O-glycosylated, mucin-like C terminus of CEL/FAPP. We here assessed the expression of human CEL in malignant pancreatic lesions and cell lines. CEL was not detectably expressed in neoplastic cells, implying that FAPP is unlikely to be a glycoisoform of CEL in pancreatic cancer. Testing of the mAb16D10 antibody in glycan microarrays then demonstrated that it recognized structures containing terminal GalNAc-α1,3(Fuc-α1,2)Gal (blood group A antigen) and also repeated protein sequences containing GalNAc residues linked to Ser/Thr (Tn antigen), findings that were supported by immunostainings of human pancreatic tissue. To examine whether the CEL glycoprotein might be modified by blood group antigens, we used high-sensitivity MALDI-TOF MS to characterize the released O-glycan pool of CEL immunoprecipitated from human pancreatic juice. We found that the O-glycome of CEL consisted mainly of core 1/core 2 structures with a composition depending on the subject's FUT2 and ABO gene polymorphisms. Thus, among digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas, CEL is a glycoprotein with some unique characteristics, supporting the view that it could serve additional biological functions to its cholesteryl esterase activity in the duodenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija El Jellas
- From the Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aristotelis Antonopoulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Immervoll
- From the Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Ålesund Hospital, N-6017 Ålesund, Norway
| | - Man H Choi
- From the Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Hoem
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Dominique Lombardo
- INSERM, CRO2, Center for Research in Biological Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Aix-Marseille University, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Mas
- INSERM, CRO2, Center for Research in Biological Oncology and Oncopharmacology, Aix-Marseille University, 13284 Marseille Cedex 07, France
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Molven
- From the Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway, .,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genetic mutations in genes within and outside of the trypsin-dependent pathologic pathway have been found to be associated with chronic pancreatitis. This review highlights recent developments. RECENT FINDINGS CTRB1-CTRB2 has been identified as a new risk locus for chronic pancreatitis and the disease mechanism may involve trypsin degradation. Misfolding mutations in PRSS1, CPA1, and CEL, as well as environmental stress factors like tobacco and alcohol can trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-Stress). SUMMARY Protein misfolding as well as enzyme activity changes due to altered autoactivation, intracellular degradation, or enzyme inhibition represent the most important pathological mechanisms of chronic pancreatitis to date. Analysis of composite risk patterns by next-generation sequencing will help elucidate complex gene interactions and identify new potential therapeutic targets.
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33
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Oh JH, Oh IG, Park CH, Shin MK, Lee SR, Lee DH, Choi M, Jin SP, Yoon HS, Cho S, Chung JH. Deeper Wrinkle Formation and Less Melanin Production in Aged Korean Women with B Blood Type. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:364-367. [PMID: 29853757 PMCID: PMC5929960 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inn-Gyung Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyeong Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Rah Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mira Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,SNU Institute on Aging, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Lerch MM. The shaping, making and baking of a pancreatologist. Pancreatology 2018; 18:347-53. [PMID: 29699868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The European Pancreatic Club Lifetime Achievement award is a distinction awarded for research on the pancreas. It comes with the obligation to submit a review article to the society's journal, Pancreatology. Since the research topics of my group have recently been covered in reviews and book chapters I want to use this opportunity to appraise the stations of my clinical and research education, the projects that I pursued and abandoned, the lessons I have learned from them, and the women and men who influenced my training and development as a physician scientist. Some crossed my path, some become collaborators and friends, and some turned into role models and had a lasting impact on my life.
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35
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Ewald DR, Sumner SCJ. Human microbiota, blood group antigens, and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2018; 10:e1413. [PMID: 29316320 PMCID: PMC5902424 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Far from being just "bugs in our guts," the microbiota interacts with the body in previously unimagined ways. Research into the genome and the microbiome has revealed that the human body and the microbiota have a long-established but only recently recognized symbiotic relationship; homeostatic balance between them regulates body function. That balance is fragile, easily disturbed, and plays a fundamental role in human health-our very survival depends on the healthy functioning of these microorganisms. Increasing rates of cardiovascular, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, as well as epidemics in obesity and diabetes in recent decades are believed to be explained, in part, by unintended effects on the microbiota from vaccinations, poor diets, environmental chemicals, indiscriminate antibiotic use, and "germophobia." Discovery and exploration of the brain-gut-microbiota axis have provided new insights into functional diseases of the gut, autoimmune and stress-related disorders, and the role of probiotics in treating certain affective disorders; it may even explain some aspects of autism. Research into dietary effects on the human gut microbiota led to its classification into three proposed enterotypes, but also revealed the surprising role of blood group antigens in shaping those populations. Blood group antigens have previously been associated with disease risks; their subsequent association with the microbiota may reveal mechanisms that lead to development of nutritional interventions and improved treatment modalities. Further exploration of associations between specific enteric microbes and specific metabolites will foster new dietary interventions, treatment modalities, and genetic therapies, and inevitably, their application in personalized healthcare strategies. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Metabolomics Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rose Ewald
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081
| | - Susan CJ Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081
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36
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Lombardo D, Silvy F, Crenon I, Martinez E, Collignon A, Beraud E, Mas E. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and MODY-8 diabetes: is bile salt-dependent lipase (or carboxyl ester lipase) at the crossroads of pancreatic pathologies? Oncotarget 2018; 9:12513-12533. [PMID: 29552330 PMCID: PMC5844766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas and diabetes mellitus are responsible for the deaths of around two million people each year worldwide. Patients with chronic pancreatitis do not die directly of this disease, except where the pathology is hereditary. Much current literature supports the involvement of bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL), also known as carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), in the pathophysiology of these pancreatic diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on connections between chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas by gaining an insight into BSDL and its variants. This enzyme is normally secreted by the exocrine pancreas, and is diverted within the intestinal lumen to participate in the hydrolysis of dietary lipids. However, BSDL is also expressed by other cells and tissues, where it participates in lipid homeostasis. Variants of BSDL resulting from germline and/or somatic mutations (nucleotide insertion/deletion or nonallelic homologous recombination) are expressed in the pancreas of patients with pancreatic pathologies such as chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We discuss the possible link between the expression of BSDL variants and these dramatic pancreatic pathologies, putting forward the suggestion that BSDL and its variants are implicated in the cell lipid metabolism/reprogramming that leads to the dyslipidemia observed in chronic pancreatitis, MODY-8, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We also propose potential strategies for translation to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lombardo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Silvy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Crenon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Collignon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Beraud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Mas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CRO2, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Oncopharmacologie, Marseille, France
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37
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Taylor SL, McGuckin MA, Wesselingh S, Rogers GB. Infection's Sweet Tooth: How Glycans Mediate Infection and Disease Susceptibility. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:92-101. [PMID: 29079498 PMCID: PMC7125966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycans form a highly variable constituent of our mucosal surfaces and profoundly affect our susceptibility to infection and disease. The diversity and importance of these surface glycans can be seen in individuals who lack a functional copy of the fucosyltransferase gene, FUT2. Representing around one-fifth of the population, these individuals have an altered susceptibility to many bacterial and viral infections and diseases. The mediation of host-pathogen interactions by mucosal glycans, such as those added by FUT2, is poorly understood. We highlight, with specific examples, important mechanisms by which host glycans influence infection dynamics, including by: acting as pathogen receptors (or receptor-decoys), promoting microbial stability, altering the physical characteristics of mucus, and acting as immunological markers. We argue that the effect glycans have on infection dynamics has profound implications for many aspects of healthcare and policy, including clinical management, outbreak control, and vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Taylor
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Wesselingh
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; The SAHMRI Microbiome Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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38
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Campa D, Pastore M, Capurso G, Hackert T, Di Leo M, Izbicki JR, Khaw KT, Gioffreda D, Kupcinskas J, Pasquali C, Macinga P, Kaaks R, Stigliano S, Peeters PH, Key TJ, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Vodicka P, Valente R, Vashist YK, Salvia R, Papaconstantinou I, Shimizu Y, Valsuani C, Zambon CF, Gazouli M, Valantiene I, Niesen W, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Hara K, Soucek P, Malecka-Panas E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Johnson T, Brenner H, Tavano F, Fogar P, Ito H, Sperti C, Butterbach K, Latiano A, Andriulli A, Cavestro GM, Busch ORC, Dijk F, Greenhalf W, Matsuo K, Lombardo C, Strobel O, König AK, Cuk K, Strothmann H, Katzke V, Cantore M, Mambrini A, Oliverius M, Pezzilli R, Landi S, Canzian F. Do pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis share the same genetic risk factors? A PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium investigation. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:290-296. [PMID: 28913878 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a five-year survival of less than 6%. Chronic pancreatitis (CP), an inflammatory process in of the pancreas, is a strong risk factor for PDAC. Several genetic polymorphisms have been discovered as susceptibility loci for both CP and PDAC. Since CP and PDAC share a consistent number of epidemiologic risk factors, the aim of this study was to investigate whether specific CP risk loci also contribute to PDAC susceptibility. We selected five common SNPs (rs11988997, rs379742, rs10273639, rs2995271 and rs12688220) that were identified as susceptibility markers for CP and analyzed them in 2,914 PDAC cases, 356 CP cases and 5,596 controls retrospectively collected in the context of the international PANDoRA consortium. We found a weak association between the minor allele of the PRSS1-PRSS2-rs10273639 and an increased risk of developing PDAC (ORhomozygous = 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.38, p = 0.023). Additionally all the SNPs confirmed statistically significant associations with risk of developing CP, the strongest being PRSS1-PRSS2-rs10273639 (ORheterozygous = 0.51, 95% CI 0.39-0.67, p = 1.10 × 10-6 ) and MORC4-rs 12837024 (ORhomozygous = 2.07 (1.55-2.77, ptrend = 0.7 × 10-11 ). Taken together, the results from our study do not support variants rs11988997, rs379742, rs10273639, rs2995271 and rs12688220 as strong predictors of PDAC risk, but further support the role of these SNPs in CP susceptibility. Our study suggests that CP and PDAC probably do not share genetic susceptibility, at least in terms of high frequency variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Pastore
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milena Di Leo
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Macinga
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Serena Stigliano
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roberto Valente
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ioannis Papaconstantinou
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiara Valsuani
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Massa and Carrara, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irena Valantiene
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Willem Niesen
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kazuo Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Malecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herman Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paola Fogar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier R C Busch
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William Greenhalf
- Institute for Health Research, Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Carlo Lombardo
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina König
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Strothmann
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Cantore
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Massa and Carrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Massa and Carrara, Italy
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Transplant Surgery Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Raffaele Pezzilli
- Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Kromrey ML, Bülow R, Hübner J, Paperlein C, Lerch MM, Ittermann T, Völzke H, Mayerle J, Kühn JP. Prospective study on the incidence, prevalence and 5-year pancreatic-related mortality of pancreatic cysts in a population-based study. Gut 2018; 67:138-145. [PMID: 28877981 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the prevalence, incidence and clinical relevance of pancreatic cysts detected as incidental finding in a population-based longitudinal study. DESIGN A total of 1077 participants (521 men, mean age 55.8±12.8 years) of 2333 participants from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) underwent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) at baseline (2008-2012). MRCP was analysed for pancreatic cysts with a diameter ≥2 mm. 676/1077 subjects received a 5-year follow-up (2014-2016). The prevalence and incidence of pancreatic cysts (weighted for study participation) were assessed in association to age, gender and suspected epidemiological risk factors. Mortality follow-up was performed in 2015 for all SHIP participants (mean follow-up period 5.9 years, range 3.2-7.5 years). RESULTS At baseline pancreatic cysts had a weighted prevalence of 49.1%, with an average number of 3.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.5) cysts per subject in the subgroup harbouring cysts. Cyst size ranged from 2 to 29 mm. Prevalence (p<0.001), number (p=0.001) and maximum size (p<0.001) increased significantly with age. The 5-year follow-up revealed a weighted incidence of 12.9% newly detected pancreatic cysts. 57.1% of the subjects initially harbouring pancreatic cysts showed an increase in number and/or maximum cyst size. Of all subjects undergoing MRCP, no participant died of pancreatic diseases within mortality follow-up. CONCLUSION The prevalence of pancreatic cysts in the general population is unexpectedly high, and their number and size increase with age. Overall, no pancreatic cancer was observed in this collective during a 5-year follow-up. Nevertheless, prospective follow-up imaging showed minimal progress in more than 50%. Only about 6% of cysts and 2.5% of the study group initially presented with cysts of more than 1 cm and thus might be clinically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jenny Hübner
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christin Paperlein
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Dresden, Greifswald, Germany
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40
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Guo M, Luo G, Lu R, Shi W, Cheng H, Lu Y, Jin K, Yang C, Wang Z, Long J, Xu J, Ni Q, Liu C, Yu X. Distribution of Lewis and Secretor polymorphisms and corresponding CA19-9 antigen expression in a Chinese population. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1660-1671. [PMID: 29123975 PMCID: PMC5666394 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lewis (FUT3) and Secretor (FUT2) genes, corresponding to secretion of Lewis ABO (H) histo‐blood group antigen CA19‐9, are highly polymorphic with differences between populations. In this study, the FUT3 and FUT2 genes in 316 Chinese participants were sequenced to detect polymorphisms, and the associated CA19‐9 antigen secretion was also measured. In total, 14 genotypes of FUT3 and 10 genotypes of FUT2 were verified. Le/Le, Le/le59,508 and Le/le59 were the main genotypes of FUT3 with frequencies of 53.2%, 10.7% and 3.5%, respectively. Se/Se, Se/se385 and se385/se385 were the main genotypes of FUT2, with frequencies of 21.4%, 18.6% and 16.2%, respectively. The alleles le1067 and le508 were found extensively in the Chinese population, and the frequency of allele se385 was shown to be higher than previously reported. Phenotype analysis revealed that 9.8% of individuals were the Lewis‐negative type and 22.5% were the secretor‐negative type. Combined phenotypes showed that 3.2% of participants were of ‘double‐negative’ phenotype (le, se) and 19.3% were of single dominant non‐secretor phenotype (Le, se). Serum Lewis antigen CA19‐9 levels were significantly different between subgroups and consistent with the defined phenotype. Our study revealed the unique distribution of Lewis and Secretor polymorphisms in a large Chinese population, and decoded the combined genotypes of the two CA19‐9‐related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China
| | - Weizhong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center China.,Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan University Shanghai China
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41
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Teich N, Bokemeyer B, Mohl W, Walldorf J, Bruns T, Schmidt C, Stallmach A. Blood group B is associated with azathioprine-induced acute pancreatitis in patients with IBD. Gut 2017; 66:1531-1532. [PMID: 27849560 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Teich
- Internistische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Mohl
- Gemeinschaftspraxis-Endoskopiezentrum, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jens Walldorf
- Universitätsklinikum Halle, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Halle, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is currently the most common cause of hospital admission among all nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases. To understand the pathophysiology of the disease and as a potential step toward developing targeted therapies, attempts to induce the disease experimentally began more than 100 years ago. Recent decades have seen progress in developing new experimental pancreatitis models as well as elucidating many underlying cell biological and pathophysiological disease mechanisms. Some models have been developed to reflect specific causes of acute pancreatitis in human beings. However, the paucity of data relating to the molecular mechanisms of human disease, the likelihood that multiple genetic and environmental factors affect the risk of disease development and its severity, and the limited information regarding the natural history of disease in human beings make it difficult to evaluate the value of disease models. Here, we provide an overview of key models and discuss our views on their strengths for characterizing cell biological disease mechanisms or for identifying potential therapeutic targets. We also acknowledge their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred S. Gorelick
- Yale University Medical School and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Fred S. Gorelick, MD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System/Yale University Medical School, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, Connecticut 06516. fax: (203) 937-3852.VA Connecticut Healthcare System/Yale University Medical School950 Campbell AvenueWest HavenConnecticut 06516
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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43
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Bharmal SH, Pendharkar SA, Singh RG, Goodarzi MO, Pandol SJ, Petrov MS. Relationship between circulating levels of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes and pancreatic hormones. Pancreatology 2017; 17:876-883. [PMID: 28958690 PMCID: PMC6880952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the close morphological relationship between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas is well established, their functional interaction remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between circulating levels of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes and insulin, as well as other pancreatic hormones. METHODS Fasting venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for trypsin, chymotrypsin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Linear regression analysis was used in unadjusted and two adjusted (accounting for prediabetes/diabetes, body mass index, smoking, and other covariates) statistical models. RESULTS A total of 93 individuals with a history of acute pancreatitis were included in this cross-sectional study. Chymotrypsin was significantly associated with insulin in the two adjusted models (p = 0.005; p = 0.003) and just missed statistical significance in the unadjusted model (p = 0.066). Chymotrypsin was significantly associated with glucagon in both unadjusted (p = 0.025) and adjusted models (p = 0.014; p = 0.015); as well as with somatostatin - in both unadjusted (p = 0.001) and adjusted models (p = 0.001; p = 0.002). Trypsin was not significantly associated with insulin in any of the models but was significantly associated with glucagon in both unadjusted (p < 0.001) and adjusted models (p < 0.001), and pancreatic polypeptide in both unadjusted (p < 0.001) and adjusted (p < 0.001) models. CONCLUSION The state of hyperinsulinemia is characterized by a dysfunction of the exocrine pancreas. In particular, chymotrypsin is increased in the state of hyperinsulinemia and trypsin is significantly associated with glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina H. Bharmal
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ruma G. Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maxim S. Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Corresponding author. Room 12.085 A, Level 12, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. (M.S. Petrov)
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Cenit MC, Codoñer-Franch P, Sanz Y. Gut Microbiota and Risk of Developing Celiac Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 2, Proceedings from the 8th Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods for Microbiota and Human Health meeting held in Rome, Italy on September 13-15, 2015:S148-52. [PMID: 27741161 DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota shapes the development of the mucosal immune system and may provide protection against immune-mediated diseases. Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by dietary gluten proteins, recently associated with gut microbiota alterations in cross-sectional studies comparing patients and controls. Whether or not these differences are causally related to the disease has yet to be elucidated, but evaluation of specific bacteria isolated from CD patients in experimental models suggests that they can promote an adverse response to dietary gluten, whereas other commensal bacteria can be protective. Genetic and environmental factors associated with increased CD risk have also been linked to shifts in the gut microbiota composition in infants early in life. Epigenetic mechanisms also seem to play an important role in modulating gut microbiota composition and function and, theoretically, could also influence CD risk. Here, we review the current knowledge on how host genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications could modulate gut microbiota functionality and how this may influence CD risk. Greater understanding of the role of this triad in CD onset and pathogenesis will be valuable in designing proof-of concept interventions in the gut ecosystem, with a view to improving CD management.
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45
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Uc A, Andersen DK, Bellin MD, Bruce JI, Drewes AM, Engelhardt JF, Forsmark CE, Lerch MM, Lowe ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, OʼKeefe SJ, Palermo TM, Pasricha P, Saluja AK, Singh VK, Szigethy EM, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Conwell DL. Chronic Pancreatitis in the 21st Century - Research Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2016; 45:1365-75. [PMID: 27748719 DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its sequelae. This conference marked the 20th year anniversary of the discovery of the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene mutation for hereditary pancreatitis. The event was held on July 27, 2016, and structured into 4 sessions: (1) pathophysiology, (2) exocrine complications, (3) endocrine complications, and (4) pain. The current state of knowledge was reviewed; many knowledge gaps and research needs were identified that require further investigation. Common themes included the need to design better tools to diagnose CP and its sequelae early and reliably, identify predisposing risk factors for disease progression, develop standardized protocols to distinguish type 3c diabetes mellitus from other types of diabetes, and design effective therapeutic strategies through novel cell culture technologies, animal models mimicking human disease, and pain management tools. Gene therapy and cystic fibrosis conductance regulator potentiators as possible treatments of CP were discussed. Importantly, the need for CP end points and intermediate targets for future drug trials was emphasized.
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Dalva M, El Jellas K, Steine SJ, Johansson BB, Ringdal M, Torsvik J, Immervoll H, Hoem D, Laemmerhirt F, Simon P, Lerch MM, Johansson S, Njølstad PR, Weiss FU, Fjeld K, Molven A. Copy number variants and VNTR length polymorphisms of the carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene as risk factors in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2016; 17:83-88. [PMID: 27773618 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We have recently described copy number variants (CNVs) of the human carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene, including a recombined deletion allele (CEL-HYB) that is a genetic risk factor for chronic pancreatitis. Associations with pancreatic disease have also been reported for the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) region located in CEL exon 11. Here, we examined if CEL CNVs and VNTR length polymorphisms affect the risk for developing pancreatic cancer. METHODS CEL CNVs and VNTR were genotyped in a German family with non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, in 265 German and 197 Norwegian patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and in 882 controls. CNV screening was performed using PCR assays followed by agarose gel electrophoresis whereas VNTR lengths were determined by DNA fragment analysis. RESULTS The investigated family was CEL-HYB-positive. However, an association of CEL-HYB or a duplication CEL allele with pancreatic cancer was not seen in our two patient cohorts. The frequency of the 23-repeat VNTR allele was borderline significant in Norwegian cases compared to controls (1.2% vs. 0.3%; P = 0.05). For all other VNTR lengths, no statistically significant difference in frequency was observed. Moreover, no association with pancreatic cancer was detected when CEL VNTR lengths were pooled into groups of short, normal or long alleles. CONCLUSIONS We could not demonstrate an association between CEL CNVs and pancreatic cancer. An association is also unlikely for CEL VNTR lengths, although analyses in larger materials are necessary to completely exclude an effect of rare VNTR alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dalva
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Khadija El Jellas
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solrun J Steine
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monika Ringdal
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janniche Torsvik
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heike Immervoll
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dag Hoem
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix Laemmerhirt
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank U Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize observations in clinical chronic pancreatitis in the past year. RECENT FINDINGS A predisposing genetic mutation was identified in 67% of cases of pediatric chronic pancreatitis. A novel susceptibility gene involving a hybrid allele is associated with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. ABO blood type B and FUT2 nonsecretor status is associated with asymptomatic hyperlipasemia and chronic pancreatitis. Alcohol consumption impairs cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity leading to decreased bicarbonate secretion and patients with susceptible CFTR mutations can develop clinical pancreatitis. Computed tomography imaging findings in chronic pancreatitis correlate poorly with pain patterns. Endoscopic ultrasound features correlate poorly with fibrosis. Circulating epithelial cells are present in chronic pancreatitis patients but not healthy volunteers. Surgery is superior to endoscopic treatment in providing durable pain relief (>5 years). Repetitive pancreatic duct stent placements and chronic narcotic use are preoperative predictors of poor outcome after total pancreatectomy with islet cell auto transplantation. SUMMARY Novel genetic mutations for idiopathic chronic pancreatitis are being identified. Alcohol impairs CFTR activity and may explain a mechanism for pancreatitis. Current imaging modalities correlate poorly with clinical pain presentation and fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. Novel imaging modalities are needed. As total pancreatectomy with islet cell auto transplantation grows, rigorous outcomes analysis is needed to drive patient selection.
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Abstract
Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to host glycans has also been studied for decades. But such biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature. Reviewing the subject about two decades ago, one could find very few clear-cut instances of glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them. In striking contrast there is now a profusion of examples, such that this updated review cannot be comprehensive. Instead, a historical overview is presented, broad principles outlined and a few examples cited, representing diverse types of roles, mediated by various glycan classes, in different evolutionary lineages. What remains unchanged is the fact that while all theories regarding biological roles of glycans are supported by compelling evidence, exceptions to each can be found. In retrospect, this is not surprising. Complex and diverse glycans appear to be ubiquitous to all cells in nature, and essential to all life forms. Thus, >3 billion years of evolution consistently generated organisms that use these molecules for many key biological roles, even while sometimes coopting them for minor functions. In this respect, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Histo-blood group glycans in the context of personalized medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1596-607. [PMID: 26748235 PMCID: PMC7117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Mahajan U, Sendler M, Weiss FU, Aghdassi A, Moskwa P, Simon P. Development of Pancreatic Cancer: Targets for Early Detection and Treatment. Dig Dis 2016; 34:525-31. [PMID: 27332960 DOI: 10.1159/000445233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 4th leading cause of cancer death worldwide and compared to other malignancies its share in cancer mortality is expected to rise further. This is due to a lack of sensitive diagnostic tools that would permit earlier detection in a potentially curable stage and the very slow progress in finding effective drug treatments for pancreatic cancer. KEY MESSAGES Aside from genetic predispositions and environmental agents, chronic pancreatitis is by far the greatest risk factor for PDAC. It also shares several etiological factors with pancreatic cancer and represents its most challenging differential diagnosis. Biomarkers that can distinguish between chronic pancreatitis and PDAC may therefore be suitable for the latter's early detection. Moreover, targeting the natural history of chronic pancreatitis would be one approach to prevent PDAC. Targeting tumor-cell signaling directly by interfering with receptor tyrosine kinases has shown some efficacy, although the results in clinical trials were less encouraging than for other cancers. Other compounds developed have targeted the formation of extracellular matrix around the tumor, the proteolytic activity in the tumor environment, histone deacetylases, hedgehog signaling and heat shock proteins, but none has yet found its way into routine patient care. Attempts to individualize treatment according to the tumor's somatic mutation profile are novel but so far impractical. CONCLUSIONS Progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer has been exceedingly slow and mostly dependent on improved pharmaceutical preparations or combinations of established chemotherapeutic agents. The promise of major breakthroughs implied in targeting tumor signal transduction events has so far not materialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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