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Thomas C, Dondaine T, Caron C, Bastien A, Chérot N, Deheul S, Gautier S, Cottencin O, Moreau-Crépeaux S, Bordet R, Carton L. Factors associated with the use of benzodiazepine and opioid prescription drug in the student population: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13040. [PMID: 38844771 PMCID: PMC11156936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The misuse of benzodiazepines and opioid medications is frequent in students. To improve our understanding of this behavior, we aimed to identify factors associated with separate and concomitant use of these substances. Anonymous self-reported questionnaires were e-mailed to students enrolled at a French university between March and July 2021, covering: sociodemographic characteristics, academics, psychoactive substance use, ADHD symptomatology (adulthood and childhood), and psychiatric/psychological or addiction follow-up. Factors associated with the use of benzodiazepines and opioid medications included female sex (OR = 1.41 [1.08; 1.86]) and OR = 1.38 [1.06; 1.79], respectively), older age (OR = 1.65 [1.04; 2.6] and OR = 2.17 [1.4; 3.36], respectively), current psychiatric/psychological follow-up (OR = 6.53 [5.18; 8.24] and OR= 1.5 [1.12; 2.0], respectively), ADHD symptomatology (OR= 2.33 [1.71;3.16] and OR= 1.61 [1.15; 2.24], respectively), polyconsumption (tobacco use for benzodiazepine users, OR = 1.38 [1.04; 1.82]; alcohol use OR = 1.67 [1.17; 2.39] and tobacco use OR = 1.62 [1.23; 2.14] for opioid users). These factors were even more strongly associated with the concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioid medications: older age (OR = 3.64 [2.22; 5.99]), female sex (OR = 1.54 [1.1; 2.14]), grade repetition (OR = 1.7 [1.14; 2.54]), psychiatric/psychological follow-up (OR = 4.51 [3.35;6.06]), ADHD symptomatology (OR = 5.3 [3.69; 7.63]), polyconsumption (tobacco use OR = 2.05 [1.39; 3] and cannabis use, OR = 2.07 [1.97; 4.16]. The factors associated with the use of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids identified in this study could lead to the development of targeted prevention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Thibaut Dondaine
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Clément Caron
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Axel Bastien
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Chérot
- IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Department of Occupational Health, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Deheul
- CHU Lille, Pharmacology Department, Pharmacovigilance and Addictovigilance center, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Gautier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pharmacology Department, Pharmacovigilance and Addictovigilance center, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, University of Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U-1172, Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, Lille, France
| | | | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pharmacology Department, Pharmacovigilance and Addictovigilance center, Lille, France
| | - Louise Carton
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pharmacology Department, Pharmacovigilance and Addictovigilance center, Lille, France
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Dey P, De Souza LR. Public Health Challenges for Post-secondary Students During COVID-19: A Scoping Review. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2024:2752535X241257561. [PMID: 38821889 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x241257561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Research about public health impacts of COVID-19 on post-secondary students is slowly beginning to emerge. This scoping review identified common public health challenges among post-secondary students in higher-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five databases were searched to find relevant peer-reviewed literature up to March 2022. Results were categorized according to reported public health challenges and relevant socio-economic variables. After screening, 53 articles were reviewed. Most articles were from the USA (39/53). The seven main public health challenges identified were mental health (35/53), financial instability (25/53), physical health (13/53), food insecurity (12/53), social well-being (8/53), digital access (7/53), and housing or relocation (6/53). Students with low socioeconomic status experienced heightened public health challenges. This review offers insight and opportunities for the development of longitudinal tools to support social determinants of health in post-secondary populations in high-income countries and may offer insight into similar experiences for students in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dey
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanne R De Souza
- University College, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto,Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shin WG, Jyung M, Choi I, Sul S. Perceived financial well-being and its association with frontostriatal functional connectivity, real-life anticipatory experiences, and everyday happiness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18739. [PMID: 37907524 PMCID: PMC10618479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceived financial well-being (FWB) is an important aspect of life that can affect one's attitude toward future experiences and happiness. However, the relationship between FWB, anticipatory experiences, and happiness, and the brain's functional architecture underlying this relationship remain unknown. Here, we combined an experience sampling method, multilevel modeling, and functional neuroimaging to identify the neural correlates of FWB and their associations with real-world anticipatory experiences and everyday happiness. Behaviorally, we found that individuals with greater FWB felt more positive and more interested when they expected positive events to occur, which in turn resulted in increased everyday happiness. Furthermore, the level of FWB was significantly associated with the strength of functional connectivity (FC) between the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the local coherence within the vmPFC. The frontostriatal FC and local coherence within the vmPFC were further predictive of everyday happiness via the anticipatory response involving interestedness during positive expectations. Our findings suggest that individual differences in FWB could be reflected in the functional architecture of brain's reward system that may contribute to shaping positive anticipatory experiences and happiness in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gyo Shin
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Jyung
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Choi
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhae Sul
- Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Shiraishi N, Sakata M, Toyomoto R, Yoshida K, Luo Y, Nakagami Y, Tajika A, Watanabe T, Sahker E, Uwatoko T, Shimamoto T, Iwami T, Furukawa TA. Dynamics of depressive states among university students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:38. [PMID: 37814328 PMCID: PMC10563354 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have increased depression among university students which was associated with impairments in their campus lives. This study examined changes in depressive states among Japanese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A secondary data analysis from a factorial randomized controlled trial involving smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed. Six cohorts (N = 1626) underwent an 8-week intervention during the spring or autumn of 2019-2021, with a 9-month follow-up. We evaluated participants' depressive states weekly using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the intervention, with monthly evaluations thereafter. The follow-up periods included Japan's four states of emergency (SOEs) to control COVID-19. Hypothesizing that SOEs caused a sudden worsening of depressive states, Study 1 compared the cohorts' PHQ-9 scores, and Study 2 employed time series analysis with a mixed-effects model to estimate identified changes in PHQ-9 scores. RESULTS Although no changes in depressive states were observed in relation to the SOEs, Study 1 identified sudden increases in PHQ-9 scores at the 28-week evaluation point, which corresponded to the beginning of the new academic year for the three autumn cohorts. In contrast, the three spring cohorts did not exhibit similar changes. Study 2 showed that, for all three autumn cohorts (n = 522), the 0.60-point change was significant (95% CI 0.42-0.78; p < .001) at 28 weeks; that is, when their timeline was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS While the results do not indicate any notable impact of the SOEs, they highlight the influence of the new academic year on university students' mental health during COVID-19. Trial registration UMIN, CTR-000031307. Registered on February 14, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - M Sakata
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Toyomoto
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Nakagami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Tajika
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - E Sahker
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Education Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Uwatoko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Shimamoto
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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McCloud T, Kamenov S, Callender C, Lewis G, Lewis G. The association between higher education attendance and common mental health problems among young people in England: evidence from two population-based cohorts. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e811-e819. [PMID: 37777290 PMCID: PMC10958987 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether young people who attend higher education are at increased risk of common mental disorders, compared with those who do not attend. We aimed to investigate whether higher education attendance was associated with increased symptoms of common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) in young people before, during and after attendance. METHODS For this cohort study, we used two cohorts-the Longitudinal Studies of Young People in England (LSYPE1: N=4832, 55·8% [2696 of 4832] students; LSYPE2: n=6128, 50·7% [3104 of 6128] students), beginning in 2004 for LSYPE1 and 2013 for LSYPE2. Both cohorts were designed to be nationally representative, with schools in England as the primary sampling unit. Symptoms of common mental disorders were assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) before (age 14-17 years for both cohorts), during (age 18-19 years for LSYPE2), and after (age 25 years for LSYPE1) higher education. We assessed differences in GHQ scores using unadjusted and confounder adjusted linear regression. FINDINGS At ages 18-19 years (LSYPE2), mean GHQ-12 scores were 12·0 (SD 6·4) among students and 11·6 (SD 6·8) among non-students (adjusted mean difference 0·36, 95% CI 0·05 to 0·68; p=0·024). In LSYPE1, young people who attended higher education at ages 18-20 years had higher symptoms of common mental disorders at ages 16-17 years than those who did not (0·60, 0·30 to 0·90). However, after higher education (age 25 years for LSYPE1), there was no evidence of a difference-mean GHQ-12 scores were 11·4 (SD 5·5) among those who had attended and 11·7 (SD 6·4) among those who had not attended (-0·25, -0·66 to 0·16; p=0·23). INTERPRETATION We found evidence that students had more symptoms of common mental disorders than non-students at ages 18-19 years, albeit the effect size was small and there was no evidence of a longer-term difference at the age of 25 years. FUNDING Department for Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla McCloud
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Strahil Kamenov
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Callender
- Department of Psychosocial Studies, Birkbeck University and Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Akram U, Irvine K, Gardani M, Allen S, Akram A, Stevenson JC. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, mania, insomnia, stress, suicidal ideation, psychotic experiences, & loneliness in UK university students. Sci Data 2023; 10:621. [PMID: 37704598 PMCID: PMC10499890 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite existing wellbeing services, university students remain particularly vulnerable to mental health difficulties. Therefore, this study was designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms by using well validated scales with robust psychometric properties. More specifically, the current data provides crucial information concerning the prevalence of anxiety, depression, mania, insomnia, stress, suicidal ideation, psychotic experiences and loneliness amongst a sample of N = 1408 UK university students. A cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study was implemented. Online recruitment for this dataset began on September 17th, 2018, and ended on the 30th July 2019. Eight validated measures were used: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; Patient Health Questionnaire; The Mood Disorder Questionnaire; The Sleep Condition Indicator; The Perceived Stress Scale; Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised; The Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16); and the University of California Loneliness Scale. The dataset is available to other researchers and is provided on figshare. Information concerning the data records, usage notes, code availability and technical validation are presented. Finally, we present demographic information concerning psychiatric symptom prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Akram
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kamila Irvine
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Maria Gardani
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Allen
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Asha Akram
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Miloș LR, Miloș MC, Barna FM, Boțoc C. What makes Americans fall behind in their finances? Evidence from the national well-being survey. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1087418. [PMID: 36698608 PMCID: PMC9869055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1087418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of how often Americans fall behind on their finances is analyzed using the National Financial Well-Being survey of the United States Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. An ordered logit model is proposed to study the effect of individual and household characteristics on the likelihood of falling behind in one's finances. The analysis shows that traditional variables such as income, age, education, and health are statistically significant predictors of falling behind in one's finances. In addition, the study shows that the volatility of income, saving habits, and individuals' financial knowledge significantly contribute to the explanation of Americans' economic behavior.
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Renganathan L, Ramasubramaniam S, Arulappan J, Al Balushi SM, Al Ghassani A, Vijayalakshmi G, Al Balushi A, Dhanraj F. Efficacy of Virtual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on COVID-19 Pandemic Related Anxiety in a Middle Eastern Country: An Interventional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231162060. [PMID: 36908329 PMCID: PMC9996730 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231162060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotional stress and anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic has gained a lot of attention. The capacity to withstand from the manipulated thinking and COVID-19 related stress and anxiety depends on the resilience level of an individual. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has patronizing benefits for people affected with altered mental health. Relieving COVID-19 related anxiety using CBT has beneficial impact on health and improves quality of life of people. Objective Aimed to relieve the anxiety of Omani population during COVID-19 pandemic using CBT. Methods This research utilized a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 96 Omani people who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pre-anxiety level was assessed using CAS (Corona virus Anxiety Scale). The participants who scored above nine in the scale were given three sessions of CBT. Post-anxiety level was assessed using CAS after three CBT sessions. Results The study revealed that the level of anxiety reduced during post-test (6.35) after intervention when compared to pre-test (13.22). The CBT intervention was effective in reducing the anxiety in the post-test at p ≤ .000. Conclusion CBT is effective in reducing COVID-19 related anxiety among the Omani population. Therefore, this strategy is highly recommended in people having mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Renganathan
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Oman College of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shanthi Ramasubramaniam
- Adult Health Nursing Department, School of Health and Social Sciences, The University of West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Judie Arulappan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Siham Mahmood Al Balushi
- Community Mental Health Nursing Department, Oman College of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amal Al Ghassani
- Community Mental Health Nursing Department, Oman College of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - G Vijayalakshmi
- Sardar Lal Singh Memorial Institute of Nursing, Desh Bhagat University, Punjab, India
| | - Amal Al Balushi
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Oman College of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fabiola Dhanraj
- Arulmigu Meenakshi College of Nursing, Kancheepuram (Deemed University), Enathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Training Practices of Football Players During the Early COVID-19 Lockdown Worldwide. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:37-46. [PMID: 36470251 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown challenged the training options of athletes worldwide, including players from the most popular sport globally, football/soccer. PURPOSE The authors explored the training practices of football players worldwide during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS Football players (N = 2482, 30% professional, 22% semipro, and 48% amateur) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) on their training practices before versus during lockdown (March-June 2020). Questions were related to training frequency and session duration, as well as training knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS Before lockdown, more professional (87%) than semipro (67%) and amateur (65%) players trained ≥5 sessions/wk, but this proportion decreased during the lockdown to 55%, 35%, and 42%, respectively. Players (80%-87%) trained ≥60 minutes before lockdown, but this proportion decreased to 45% in professionals, 43% in amateurs, and 36% in semipros during lockdown. At home, more than two-thirds of players had training space (73%) and equipment (66%) for cardiorespiratory training, while availability of equipment for technical and strength training was <50% during lockdown. Interactions between coach/trainer and player were more frequent (ie, daily) among professional (27%) than amateur (11%) and semipro (17%) players. Training load monitoring, albeit limited, was mostly performed by fitness coaches, more so with professionals (35%) than amateurs (13%) and semipros (17%). The players' training knowledge and attitudes/beliefs toward training were relatively modest (50%-59%). CONCLUSION COVID-19 lockdown negatively affected training practices of football players worldwide, especially amateurs and semipros, for example, in training frequency, duration, intensity, technical, recovery, and other fitness training and coaching-related aspects. During lockdown-like situations, players should be monitored closely and provided appropriate support to facilitate their training.
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Alam MB, Shahid M, Alzghoul BI, Yang J, Zakar R, Malik NI, Bibi A, Tang K. The Effects of Financial Stress and Household Socio-Economic Deprivation on the Malnutrition Statuses of Children under Five during the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Marginalized Region of South Punjab, Pakistan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010012. [PMID: 36670563 PMCID: PMC9857281 DOI: 10.3390/children10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lockdown after the COVID-19 pandemic not only caused public health crises and income stress but also put millions at risk of food insecurity and malnutrition across the globe, especially in low and middle-income countries [LMICs]. This study evaluated the effects of financial stress and household socio-economic deprivation on the nutritional status of 1551 children under the age of five during COVID-19 in Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used between November 2020 and April 2021 to collect information on age, height, children's weight, and socio-economic status from 1152 rural households from underdeveloped regions in Punjab, Pakistan. With the help of the proportionate simple random sampling method, this study employed a model (binary logistic regression) to calculate the likelihood of malnourishment. The findings showed that the stunting, underweight, and wasting prevalence rates during COVID-19 were 58.86%, 41.89%, and 8.11%, respectively, in the Bahawalpur region. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, among the household deprivation status (HDS) categories, the risks of childhood malnutrition were lesser in HDS-2 (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0. 005-0.879) and HDS-3 (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.008-0.193). Similar to this, within the financial stress index (FSI) categories, the children in homes with medium financial stress had reduced odds of malnutrition (OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.018-0.567), and the children in households with low financial stress had reduced risks of malnutrition (OR = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.005-0.061). The proposed research found that stunting and underweight increased by 17.26% and 12.29% during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Bahawalpur region. Additionally, financial stress and socio-economic deprivation strongly affected children's nutritional statuses during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Bahawalpur region of Southern Punjab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Alam
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- World Health Organization, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- World Health Organization, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing 100029, China
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bashar Isam Alzghoul
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University-Dammam, Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Technology for Development, Beijing 100038, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (K.T.); Tel.: +86-13671129425 (K.T.)
| | - Rubeena Zakar
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najma Iqbal Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bibi
- Independent Researcher, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (K.T.); Tel.: +86-13671129425 (K.T.)
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Barnett P, Saunders R, Buckman JE, Cardoso A, Cirkovic M, Leibowitz J, Main N, Naqvi SA, Singh S, Stott J, Varsani L, Wheatly J, Pilling S. Are students less likely to respond to routinely delivered psychological treatment? A retrospective cohort analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 119:152348. [PMID: 36191389 PMCID: PMC9760567 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders are increasingly prevalent among university students, making the provision of effective treatment in this population a priority. Whilst campus-based services provide some psychological treatments, many students are treated by routine adult psychological treatment services which have no focus or adaptations to treatment for student populations. We aimed to compare psychological treatment outcomes between university students and young adults (aged 18-25) in employment to explore whether routinely delivered psychological interventions are equally effective for these groups, or whether students report poorer outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort was formed of 19,707 patients treated by eight National Health Service (NHS) Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services in England. Associations between student status (compared to same-age employed adults) and psychological treatment outcomes were explored using logistic regression models. Models were adjusted for important treatment, clinical and demographic characteristics, and propensity score matching was used to explore the robustness of effects. RESULTS Students and the employed comparison group were similar on baseline characteristics at assessment, but students were less likely to reliably recover (OR = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.83;0.96]) and reliably improve (OR = 0.91 [95% CI = 0.84;0.98]) by the end of treatment in fully adjusted models. Students and the employed group did not differ regarding the likelihood of deterioration (OR = 0.89 [95% CI = 0.78;1.02]) or treatment dropout (OR = 1.01 [95% CI = 0.93;1.11]). CONCLUSIONS Students appear at risk of poorer outcomes compared to employed younger adults when treated in routine psychological treatment services. Students may require additional support and treatment adaptations that account for student-specific stressors as this might improve psychological treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Barnett
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK.
| | - Rob Saunders
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua E.J. Buckman
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK,iCope - Camden & Islington Psychological Therapies Services, Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana Cardoso
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT), London, UK
| | - Mirko Cirkovic
- Talk Changes: City & Hackney IAPT Service, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Judy Leibowitz
- iCope - Camden & Islington Psychological Therapies Services, Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicole Main
- Let's Talk IAPT–Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Psychological Therapies Service, Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Mental Health Trust, London, UK
| | - Syed A. Naqvi
- North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT), London, UK
| | - Satwant Singh
- Waltham Forest Talking Therapies–North East London Foundation Trust, Thorne House, London E11 4HU, UK
| | - Joshua Stott
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK,Ageing, Dementia And Psychological Therapies (ADAPT) Lab, Research department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Lila Varsani
- Let's Talk IAPT–Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Psychological Therapies Service, Barnet, Enfield & Haringey Mental Health Trust, London, UK
| | - Jon Wheatly
- Talk Changes: City & Hackney IAPT Service, Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Pilling
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational, & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK,National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Ang WHD, Chew HSJ, Ong YHN, Zheng ZJ, Shorey S, Lau Y. Becoming More Resilient during COVID-19: Insights from a Process Evaluation of Digital Resilience Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12899. [PMID: 36232196 PMCID: PMC9564846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Resilience training is gaining attention as a strategy to build students' resistance to adversity and promote their mental well-being. However, owing to inconsistencies and variations in the content and delivery of resilience training, more work is needed to examine students' experiences and preferences to address issues relating to intervention fidelity. This study adopted a qualitative approach in exploring students' experience of synchronous and asynchronous versions of a digital resilience training program. Seventeen students were interviewed using a semi-structured virtual face-to-face interview via Zoom. The thematic analyses unveiled four themes: embarking on a journey toward resilience, discovering strategies to develop resilience, finding a balance to benefit from resilience skill enhancement, and instilling resilience in the everyday. Future resilience training should consider students' workload and interactivity to enhance their engagement. As being resilient is associated with better mental well-being, the findings of this study may support the development of future wellness programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei How Darryl Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Zhongjia James Zheng
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Ying Lau
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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13
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Shevlin M, Redican E, Hyland P, Butter S, McBride O, Hartman TK, Murphy J, Vallières F, Bentall RP. Perceived manageability of debt and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A UK population analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274052. [PMID: 36129896 PMCID: PMC9491596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the association between perceived manageability of debt and risk of depression, anxiety, and mental health help-seeking among a nationally representative sample of adults living in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods Data was derived from the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study Wave 6 (August/September 2021) which examined the psychological, social, and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UK adult population. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between different levels of perceived debt manageability (i.e., “easily manageable”, “some problems”, “quite serious problems”, “very serious problems”, “cannot manage at all”) and mental health related outcomes. Results Almost a quarter of the sample (24%, n = 494) reported debt management problems, and debt manageability associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and mental health help-seeking. After adjusting for demographic variables (e.g. income, receipt of benefits), logistic regression analysis demonstrated a dose-response association between increasing levels of debt manageability problems and mental health outcomes. Specifically, adjusted odds ratios for anxiety ranged from 2.28 (‘some problems’) to 11.18 (‘very serious problems’), for depression ranged from 2.80 (‘some problems’) to 16.21 (‘cannot manage at all’), and for mental health help-seeking ranged from 1.69 (‘some problems’) to 3.18 (‘quite serious problems’, ‘very serious problems’). Conclusion This study highlights that debt manageability problems represent a robust predictor of depression, anxiety, and mental-health help seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shevlin
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Enya Redican
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sarah Butter
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Orla McBride
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Todd K. Hartman
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Jamie Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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The Influence of Traditional Culture Integration into Chinese Language and Literature Teaching on the Improvement of Mental Health of College Students. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9528503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary college students not only face the pressure brought by their studies but also bear the pressure brought by society and their families. Helping college students correctly understand their mental health and effectively solve their’ mental health diseases has become an important issue in education research. The cultivation of healthy psychological quality is inseparable from the cultivation of a humanistic spirit. Therefore, integrating excellent traditional culture into Chinese language and literature teaching and research and giving full play to and inheriting the educational role of excellent traditional culture can not only improve the literary quality of college students and benefit the construction of healthy mental of college students. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Chinese excellent traditional culture on the cultivation of college students’ mental health, analyze the impact of traditional culture integration into Chinese language and literature teaching research on improving college students’ mental health, and propose the valuable suggestion for integration of excellent traditional culture into Chinese language and literature teaching research. Firstly, we analyze the benefits of integrating traditional culture in literature to the construction of college students’ healthy psychology; then, the current deficiencies of literature education are analyzed; next, through literature analysis and summary, the main factors affecting the mental health of college students were found and the importance of these factors was evaluated by questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods; finally, targeted opinions and suggestions are put forward. This research provides guidance and reference for inheriting excellent national culture through literature education and constructing university health psychology in the future.
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Yang EJ, Shim EJ. Does Belief in a Just World Moderate the Relationship Between Financial Stress and Suicide Risk in University Students? Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:660-670. [PMID: 35300576 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2039337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite an established relationship between financial stress and suicide risk, factors that may influence this relationship are unclear. This study examined whether the belief that the world is fair and people generally get what they deserve (i.e., belief in a just world: BJW) moderates the financial stress-suicide risk relationship in university students. A total of 365 university students completed an online survey three times between May 2019 and April 2020. Multilevel model analyses indicated that financial stress increased suicide risk, after controlling for demographic factors and depression. The level of BJW-self and BJW-others moderated the relationship between financial stress and suicide risk. Specifically, the negative impact of financial stress on suicide risk was significant in students with a low or mean level of BJW-self, but not in those with a high level of BJW-self. Financial stress had a significant negative impact at all levels of BJW-others, with a stronger impact on students with lower levels of BJW others. These results suggest a need to address lower BJW, as it may worsen the financial stress-suicide risk relationship.
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16
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Callard F, Kotouza D, Garnett P, Rocha L. Mental health and wellbeing in universities in an age of digital capitalism: The United Kingdom as exemplary case. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Limited negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health measures of Ghanaian university students. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 7:100306. [PMID: 35018355 PMCID: PMC8731225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and mental health outcomes are negatively correlated among university students throughout the world. Reports of differences in stress perception by gender exist, but there is limited data on students from sub-Saharan African countries. This study describes the burden of perceived and financial stress; characterizes mood and degree of anxiety symptoms; examines stress coping mechanisms, including resilience and repetitive negative thinking (RNT); and explores how students at a Ghanaian university believed the COVID-19 pandemic affected these measures. Methods Students (n = 129) were recruited from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana from October 2020 - January 2021. Validated surveys were used. Participants were asked "Are your answers to the questions affected by the COVID-19 pandemic?" Results No differences in mean scores were observed between genders. For female students, financial stress was positively associated with RNT (p = 0.009), negative mood (p = 0.002), and anxiety (p < 0.001). Males were more likely to report decreased stress during the pandemic (p = 0.002), but there was no difference in mental health outcomes by perceived stress (PS) change category among males. Effects of the pandemic on mental health outcomes were mixed, but substantial proportions of students reported improvements or no change in financial stress, mood, anxiety, and RNT. Limitations Students from one university particiapted in this cross-sectional survey. Conclusions This study adds to the understanding of how higher education students are experiencing stress and are coping with the uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.
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Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, Drakos A, Zuo QK, Huang E. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113863. [PMID: 33984824 PMCID: PMC9225824 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced significant disruptions to the routines of many higher education students around the world. It also deprived them of in-person counselling services and social support. These changes have put students at a greater risk of developing mental illness. The objective of this review is to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances in higher education students during the pandemic. A systematic search of English and Chinese databases was conducted current to January 1st, 2021. The quality of included studies was evaluated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Eighty-nine studies (n=1,441,828) were included. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances was 34%, 32% and 33%, respectively. The prevalence values differ based on geographical regions, diagnostic criteria, education level, undergraduate year of study, financial situation, living arrangements and gender. Overall, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms synthesized in this study was higher compared to pre-pandemic prevalence in similar populations. Evidently, mental health screening and intervention should be a top priority for universities and colleges during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Fangwen Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Wenteng Hou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zachary Silver
- Faculty of Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chi Yi Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Oswin Chang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anastasia Drakos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Qi Kang Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Emma Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Abreu EKDN, Marcon SR, Espinosa MM, Kogien M, Valim MD, Nascimento FCDS. Factors associated to suicide risk in stricto sensu postgraduate students: a cross-sectional study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3460. [PMID: 34190950 PMCID: PMC8253341 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4590.3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze factors associated to suicide risk in postgraduate students. METHOD a cross-sectional analytical study, developed with 565 stricto sensu postgraduate students from August to September 2019. Data collection took place using a validated instrument containing demographic, socioeconomic, health and academic variables; as well as variables of Module C of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version 5.0; of the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed by criticism, Guilty and Eye-opener) questionnaire; and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive and multiple statistical analysis was performed using the Poisson regression model, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS 40.8% prevalence of current suicide risk. The following variables were associated to current suicide risk: age > 30 years old (p=0.029), absence of faith (p=0.015), depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.018) symptoms, use of psychotropic drugs during the course (p<0.001), not having a meaningful and inspiring academic work (p=0.013), not having a good relationship with colleagues from the postgraduate school (p=0.033), having family relationship impaired by the demands of the postgraduate school (p=0.036) and concern about the financial situation (p=0.048). CONCLUSION a high prevalence of current suicide risk was identified among postgraduate students, as well as a significant association of this risk with demographic, socioeconomic, academic and health variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Moisés Kogien
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Enfermagem,
Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marília Duarte Valim
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Enfermagem,
Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Abstract
Women are the silent sufferers of war, they have higher rates of anxiety and depression after terror events than men who have been similarly exposed. In this study, we aim to explore the prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts/attempts among Iraqi women post-conflict. A sample of 1000 women was collected in this cross-sectional study that was conducted in Baghdad city from January through September 2020. Their mental state was addressed by assessing anxiety and depression on symptomatic basis using standard questions from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) scale. The results showed that the vast majority (91.1%) of the sampled women had experienced war-related trauma since 2003. Anxiety symptoms were reported by 39.7% of the women, depressive symptoms by 34.2% and suicidal thoughts/attempts by 35.8%. More than two-thirds of the women experienced difficulties in their social life and relationships. The majority of the studied women had negative expectations regarding their future and more than half of them expressed their intention to emigrate. The findings of this study indicate that anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts/attempts are prevalent among this sample of Iraqi women post-conflict. Significant associated factors were losing a husband and having early married girls in the household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh K Lafta
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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21
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Moore A, Nguyen A, Rivas S, Bany-Mohammed A, Majeika J, Martinez L. A qualitative examination of the impacts of financial stress on college students' well-being: Insights from a large, private institution. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211018122. [PMID: 34094560 PMCID: PMC8141976 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211018122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This qualitative research aims to provide deeper insight into college students’ experiences by examining the impact of financial stress on their well-being. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted at a large, private, urban university in the United States over the course of 1 month, each lasting approximately 1 h. Facilitators used a structured moderator guide to maintain consistency. Four focus groups were conducted and a total of 30 students participated. Students were primarily Asian (66.7%) and White (30.0%), and a majority were female (86.7%). Student participants were 43.3% undergraduate and 56.6% graduate. Transcripts were analyzed in Atlas.ti 8 software using line-by-line open coding guided by the principles of qualitative content analysis. An inductive approach was utilized to code the data. Emergent categories and concepts were then organized hierarchically into themes and subthemes. Results: Two overarching themes emerged from the focus group analysis. In these students’ perspectives, financial stress impedes their ability to succeed academically. Another major theme is the impact of finances on students’ social lives. Students experiencing financial stress find it challenging to navigate relationships with wealthier peers, often leading to feelings of isolation and embarrassment. Conclusion: Given the reported negative impact on students’ well-being, further research is needed to determine methods for mitigating financial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moore
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Nguyen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Rivas
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jarod Majeika
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Martínez-García I, Nielsen T, Alastor E. Perceived Stress and Perceived Lack of Control of Spanish Education-Degree University Students: Differences Dependent on Degree Year, Basis for Admission and Gender. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:1824-1851. [PMID: 33823680 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress in higher education students is an issue of growing concern, as stress impacts quality of life and has been linked to drop-out from higher education. The aim was to investigate how stress was related to how far along students were in their degree program, using the Spanish Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10). We expected 1) first-year education students to experience more perceived lack of control than second-year students, 2) second-year students to experience more perceived stress than first-year students. Participants were students in three university education-degree programs (N = 399). The psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress (PS) and Perceived Lack of Control (PLC) subscales were investigated using Rasch models. One item was eliminated from each subscale. The estimated interval-level Rasch scores were utilized for testing hypotheses with general linear models. Results showed a somewhat more complex pattern than predicted as interaction effects between degree year and gender and between degree year and basis for admission were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Martínez-García
- Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Department of Didactics, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tine Nielsen
- Department of Applied Research in Education and Social Sciences, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Didactics, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Nishimura Y, Ochi K, Tokumasu K, Obika M, Hagiya H, Kataoka H, Otsuka F. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Distress of Medical Students in Japan: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25232. [PMID: 33556033 PMCID: PMC7894621 DOI: 10.2196/25232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected medical education. However, little data are available about medical students’ distress during the pandemic. Objective This study aimed to provide details on how medical students have been affected by the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 717 medical students participated in the web-based survey. The survey included questions about how the participants’ mental status had changed from before to after the Japanese nationwide state of emergency (SOE). Results Out of 717 medical students, 473 (66.0%) participated in the study. In total, 29.8% (141/473) of the students reported concerns about the shift toward online education, mostly because they thought online education would be ineffective compared with in-person learning. The participants’ subjective mental health status significantly worsened after the SOE was lifted (P<.001). Those who had concerns about a shift toward online education had higher odds of having generalized anxiety and being depressed (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% CI 1.19-3.28) as did those who said they would request food aid (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.16-3.44) and mental health care resources (OR 3.56, 95% CI 2.07-6.15). Conclusions Given our findings, the sudden shift to online education might have overwhelmed medical students. Thus, we recommend that educators inform learners that online learning is not inferior to in-person learning, which could attenuate potential depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Nishimura
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kanako Ochi
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tokumasu
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikako Obika
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kataoka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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Negash S, Kartschmit N, Mikolajczyk RT, Watzke S, Matos Fialho PM, Pischke CR, Busse H, Helmer SM, Stock C, Zeeb H, Wendt C, Niephaus Y, Schmidt-Pokrzywniak A. Worsened Financial Situation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Was Associated With Depressive Symptomatology Among University Students in Germany: Results of the COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:743158. [PMID: 34975561 PMCID: PMC8716444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.743158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous findings suggest that university students are at an elevated risk to experience financial hardship and to suffer from depressive symptoms. This vulnerability may have substantially increased during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic which might have affected students' socio-economic situation but possibly also their mental well-being. We examined whether the financial situation changed during the COVID-19 pandemic among German university students, and whether changes were associated with mental well-being. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in May and July 2020 at five German universities. Participants were asked, if they had sufficient financial resources to cover monthly expenses before and during the pandemic. The answer options were dichotomized into worsened and no change/better financial situation compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D 8 scale. For examining associations between sociodemographic, study-related, and financial factors and "worsened financial situation," we ran a generalized linear mixed model. To assess associations between depressive symptoms and worsened financial situation, we performed a linear mixed model. Results: We included 7,199 participants in the analyses (69% female, 30% male, 1% diverse, mean age: 24 years, standard deviation: 4.7). Overall, 25% of the participants reported to have a worsened financial situation at the time of the survey than in the time before COVID-19. Factors associated with a worsened financial situation were migration background, parents not being academics, not being able to borrow money, and payment of tuition fee by student and loan [odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.20 to 2.35]. Factors associated with lower odds were: being single, living with others, studying a health-related field, being enrolled in a doctoral/Ph.D. or state exam program, and publicly funded tuition/tuition paid with a scholarship (OR ranging from 0.42 to 0.80). A worsened financial situation was associated with 1.02 points more on the CES-D 8 scale (95% CI: 0.80-1.24). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the pandemic put a number of students under financial strain with detrimental consequences for their mental well-being. Renewed attention must be paid to this vulnerable group to prevent the potentially damaging effects on their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Negash
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadja Kartschmit
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael T Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Watzke
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Halle-Saale, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paula Mayara Matos Fialho
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heide Busse
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Helmer
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claus Wendt
- Department of Social Sciences, University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Yasemin Niephaus
- Department of Social Sciences, University Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmidt-Pokrzywniak
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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25
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Hiilamo A. Debt matters? Mental wellbeing of older adults with household debt in England. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100658. [PMID: 33313374 PMCID: PMC7719960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A record number of older individuals have household debt, but little is known about possible links between debts and their mental wellbeing. This study examines the extent to which different aspects of household indebtedness predict mental wellbeing among this population. Methods A sample of 17,091 individuals (72,700 observations) aged 50 and over in England was derived from waves 1–8 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Mental wellbeing was assessed by two outcome measures: number of depressive symptoms (CES-D 8) and quality of life (CASP-19 score). The predictors of mental wellbeing were examined using quartiles of non-zero overall debt amount, debt-to-income and debt-to-non-housing wealth ratios as alternative measures of debt burden. Linear regression models estimated the associations of mortgage and non-mortgage debt measures with mental wellbeing while adjusting for observable socioeconomic confounding factors. Individual fixed effect models were used to control for all time-constant factors among a longitudinal subsample. Results Individuals in the highest debt-to-wealth quartile were particularly at risk of lower mental wellbeing, that is, a higher number of depressive symptoms and lower quality of life. After covariate adjustment, non-mortgage debt predicted lower mental wellbeing on both measures but mortgage debt was only linked to lower quality of life. Among the subsample who experienced changes in high non-mortgage debt levels, a small association of these changes with mental wellbeing outcomes were observed. Asymmetric within-individual estimation showed that both getting rid of and acquiring new debts during the study period predicted symmetrically (small) increases and decreases, respectively, in mental wellbeing. Conclusion These findings indicate that among older individuals in England, non-mortgage debt status is linked to poor mental wellbeing. High, non-mortgage, debt-to-wealth ratios may help identify risk of mental wellbeing issues in older people with debts. Little is known on debt and mental wellbeing among older individuals in England. Debt type and debt measures matter for mental wellbeing. Non-mortgage debt was linked to lower mental wellbeing between observations. However, smaller effects of non-mortgage debts were observed within-individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Hiilamo
- Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE) & Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
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26
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Le HT, Lai AJX, Sun J, Hoang MT, Vu LG, Pham HQ, Nguyen TH, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Le XTT, Nguyen TT, Pham QT, Ta NTK, Nguyen QT, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Anxiety and Depression Among People Under the Nationwide Partial Lockdown in Vietnam. Front Public Health 2020; 8:589359. [PMID: 33194995 PMCID: PMC7658379 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the psychological effects of the partial lockdown on the people in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire regarding attitudes toward COVID-19 along with psychological parameters, including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was conducted. From a total of 1,382 questionnaires, the respondents reported low prevalence of depression (4.9%), anxiety (7.0%), and stress (3.4%). The mean DASS-21 scores recorded were also markedly lower compared to similar studies conducted in China, Italy, and Iran. Respondents who reported severe PTSD had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Factors that were associated with an increased level of depression, stress, and anxiety were being single, separated, or widowed, a higher education level, a larger family size, loss of jobs and being in contact with potential COVID-19 patients. Contrary to expectations, the level of depression, stress, and anxiety observed has been low. Our findings can aid in future research on the impact of a partial lockdown and guide mental health professionals in Vietnam and other countries in the preparation of better care for populations under such circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andre Jun Xian Lai
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaqian Sun
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Men Thi Hoang
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Linh Gia Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Trang Ha Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuan Thi Thanh Le
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thanh Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quan Thi Pham
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Thi Kim Ta
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Carmassi C, Bertelloni CA, Dell'Oste V, Barberi FM, Maglio A, Buccianelli B, Cordone A, Dell'Osso L. Tele-Psychiatry Assessment of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in 100 Patients With Bipolar Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Social-Distancing Measures in Italy. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:580736. [PMID: 33343419 PMCID: PMC7744453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute phase of the COrona VIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) emergency determined relevant stressful burdens in psychiatric patients, particularly those with chronic mental disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD), not only for the threat of being infected but also for the strict lock-down and social-distancing measures adopted, the economic uncertainty, and the limited possibilities to access psychiatric services. In this regard, telepsychiatry services represented a new important instrument that clinicians could adopt to monitor and support their patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate acute post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) reported by patients with BD followed in the framework of a telepsychiatry service, set up in the acute phase of the COVID-19 outbreak at the psychiatric clinic of the University of Pisa (Italy). A sample of 100 patients were consecutively enrolled and assessed by the IES-r, GAD-7, HAM-D, and YMRS. Patients reported a mean (±SD) IES-r total score of 18.15 ± 13.67. Further, 17% of the sample reported PTSS (IES-r > 32), 17% depressive symptoms (HAM-D > 17), and 26% anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 > 10). Work and financial difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety symptoms appeared to be positively associated with the development of acute PTSS. Acute manic symptoms appeared to be protective. The data of the present study suggest the relevance of monitoring patients with BD exposed to the burden related to the COVID-19 outbreak for prompt assessment and treatment of PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Maglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Buccianelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cordone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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