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Freeman B, Grocke-Dewey MU, Chichester L, Breeding K, Stallones L, Minter M. "Death by a Thousand Cuts": Agriculture Producer Resiliency in the Western United States. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:66-79. [PMID: 37978901 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2280075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agricultural producers face a wide array of stress triggers, shocks, and long-term pressures such as drought, flooding, fire, government policies, financial insecurity, and physical injuries. Extant research has revealed that mental health stigma, lack of access to care in rural areas, and negative coping responses (alcohol abuse, suicide, prescription drugs use) exacerbate the challenge of producer responses to short and long-term adversity. Resilience, the traits, processes, and capacities of producers to adapt and transform their approach to farming or ranching, when necessary, in response to stress triggers or long-term pressures, has received less research attention, particularly in the Western United States. The purpose of the study was to apply an interactionist occupational resilience theoretical perspective to the investigation of contextual factors contributing to resilience in Western United States agricultural producers. METHODS Qualitative interviews (45 to 90 minutes) were conducted with agricultural producers (n=51) from Western states and territories. Applied thematic analysis with a phenomenological lens was utilized to analyze interview transcriptions. First and second level coding were conducted to derive themes. RESULTS The analysis revealed that resilience is based upon the interactions between traits of producers and the context of agriculture. Four themes were generated (Agricultural Life, External Stressors, Traits and Adaptations, and Supports and Resources), supported by subthemes. The themes and subthemes are depicted in an agricultural producer resiliency model. The findings shed light on the equivocal role of neighbors in providing support for each other and the double-edged sword of co-working with family. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore that social capital is an important mechanism for supporting farmers and ranchers, as those with stronger social resources are more resilient. We recommend more funding to tailor stress and mental health programming to the specifics of agriculture, integration of behavioral health in primary care as a mechanism to increase access to care, and more intentional technical assistance for farmers and ranchers on strategic planning and problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Freeman
- College of Education and Human Development/Cooperative Extension, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Breeding
- College of Education and Human Development/Counselor Education, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Lorann Stallones
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Monica Minter
- College of Education and Human Development/Counselor Education, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Chawla H, Anand P, Garg K, Bhagat N, Varmani SG, Bansal T, McBain AJ, Marwah RG. A comprehensive review of microbial contamination in the indoor environment: sources, sampling, health risks, and mitigation strategies. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1285393. [PMID: 38074709 PMCID: PMC10701447 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1285393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of the indoor environment significantly impacts human health and productivity, especially given the amount of time individuals spend indoors globally. While chemical pollutants have been a focus of indoor air quality research, microbial contaminants also have a significant bearing on indoor air quality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial contamination in built environments, covering sources, sampling strategies, and analysis methods. Microbial contamination has various origins, including human occupants, pets, and the outdoor environment. Sampling strategies for indoor microbial contamination include air, surface, and dust sampling, and various analysis methods are used to assess microbial diversity and complexity in indoor environments. The review also discusses the health risks associated with microbial contaminants, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and their products in indoor air, highlighting the need for evidence-based studies that can relate to specific health conditions. The importance of indoor air quality is emphasized from the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic. A section of the review highlights the knowledge gap related to microbiological burden in indoor environments in developing countries, using India as a representative example. Finally, potential mitigation strategies to improve microbiological indoor air quality are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitikk Chawla
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Purnima Anand
- Department of Microbiology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Garg
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Neeru Bhagat
- Department of Microbiology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani G. Varmani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanu Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Andrew J. McBain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruchi Gulati Marwah
- Department of Microbiology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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G S J S, Ramakodi MP, T V B P S R. Review of bioaerosols from different sources and their health impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1321. [PMID: 37840110 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The emission of bioaerosols in the ambient atmosphere from different sources is a cause of concern for human health and the environment. Bioaerosols are a combination of biotic matter like microbes and pollens. The present review emphasizes the understanding of various sources of bioaerosols (industries, municipal solid waste, and medical facilities), their components, and their impact on human health. The study of bioaerosols is of great importance as large numbers of people are estimated to be exposed on the global scale. Bioaerosols exposure in different work environments results in health issues such as infectious diseases, allergies, toxic effects, and respiratory problems. Hence, extensive research is urged to establish an effective assessment of bioaerosols exposure in the workplace, risks involved, distribution, and validation. The present review is intended to explore the relationship between bioaerosols exposure to the atmosphere and its impacts on human health. Some of the preliminary findings, based on our analysis of bioaerosols arising from municipal solid waste at a landfill site and a waste transfer station in Hyderabad, India, are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja G S J
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
| | - Meganathan P Ramakodi
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna T V B P S
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Carmona J, deMarcken M, Trinh P, Frisbie L, Ramirez V, Palmandez P, Vedal S, Sack C, Rabinowitz P. A Cross Sectional Study of Respiratory and Allergy Status in Dairy Workers. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:545-552. [PMID: 36704933 PMCID: PMC10421462 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2171522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workers on dairy farms face exposures to organic dusts and endotoxin. At the same time, a number of studies of farmers have reported a lower prevalence of asthma in farmworkers compared to persons without farm contact. The "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that early life exposures on farms could be protective against allergic disease and asthma. Such protective relationships are less well studied in adult farm workers. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of respiratory function and allergy status was performed in a sample of dairy farm workers (n = 42) and community controls (n = 40). Measures of respiratory status (spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide FeNO, self-reported symptoms) and levels of total and bovine-specific IgE were compared between the groups. RESULTS Prevalence of self-reported asthma and most respiratory symptoms was similar in the two groups, with the exception of increased report of dyspnea among dairy workers. In the dairy workers, level of lung function was not reduced and FeNO was not increased. In unadjusted and adjusted models, dairy work was not associated with reduced lung function or increased airway inflammation. Mean IgE levels did not differ significantly between workers and controls, but elevated bovine-specific IgE was detected only among dairy workers, with an apparent association between elevated bovine IgE and increased FeNO. CONCLUSION While dairy workers did not demonstrate increased asthma prevalence compared to controls, sensitization to bovine antigen in several workers appeared to be associated with airway inflammation. Occupational health programs for dairy workers should consider the risk of animal allergy as part of respiratory health protection efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carmona
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marine deMarcken
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pauline Trinh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren Frisbie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vickie Ramirez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pablo Palmandez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Rabinowitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Adhikari A, Banerjee P, Thornton T, Jones DH, Adeoye C, Sherpa S. Exposure Levels of Airborne Fungi, Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Cotton Farms during Cotton Harvesting and Evaluations of N95 Respirators against These Bioaerosols. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1561. [PMID: 37375063 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The USA is the third-leading cotton-producing country worldwide and cotton farming is common in the state of Georgia. Cotton harvest can be a significant contributor to airborne microbial exposures to farmers and nearby rural communities. The use of respirators or masks is one of the viable options for reducing organic dust and bioaerosol exposures among farmers. Unfortunately, the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR Part 1910.134) does not apply to agricultural workplaces and the filtration efficiency of N95 respirators was never field-tested against airborne microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during cotton harvesting. This study addressed these two information gaps. Airborne culturable microorganisms were sampled using an SAS Super 100 Air Sampler in three cotton farms during cotton harvesting, and colonies were counted and converted to airborne concentrations. Genomic DNA was extracted from air samples using a PowerSoil® DNA Isolation Kit. A series of comparative critical threshold (2-ΔΔCT) real-time PCR was used to quantify targeted bacterial (16S rRNA) genes and major ARGs. Two N95 facepiece respirator models (cup-shaped and pleated) were evaluated for their protection against culturable bacteria and fungi, total microbial load in terms of surface ATP levels, and ARGs using a field experimental setup. Overall, culturable microbial exposure levels ranged between 103 and 104 CFU/m3 during cotton harvesting, which was lower when compared with bioaerosol loads reported earlier during other types of grain harvesting. The findings suggested that cotton harvesting works can release antibiotic resistance genes in farm air and the highest abundance was observed for phenicol. Field experimental data suggested that tested N95 respirators did not provide desirable >95% protections against culturable microorganisms, the total microbial load, and ARGs during cotton harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atin Adhikari
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Taylor Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Daleniece Higgins Jones
- Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Caleb Adeoye
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Sonam Sherpa
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
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Cui H, Zhang C, Zhao K, Liu J, Pu J, Kong Y, Dong S, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang Z, Guo Z. Effects of different laying periods on airborne bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance genes in layer hen houses. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114173. [PMID: 37119673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Poultry farms are a complex environment for close contact between humans and animals. Accumulating evidence has indicated that pathogens and drug resistance genes in chicken houses may pose a serious threat to public health and economic concerns. However, insufficient knowledge of the indoor aerosol microbiome and resistome profiles of layer hen houses hampers the understanding of their health effects. Environmental surveillance of antibiotic resistance may contribute to a better understanding and management of the human exposure risk of bioaerosols under the environmental conditions of chicken houses. In addition, the chicken house has a long operation cycle, and the bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance genes of aerosols in different periods may be different. In this study, air samples were collected from 18 chicken houses on three farms, including the early laying period (EL), peak laying period (PL), and late laying period (LL). 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics were used to study the composition of the bacteria and resistome in aerosols of layer hen houses and the results showed that they varied with laying period. The highest alpha diversity of bacteria was observed in PL bioaerosols. The dominant bacterial phyla included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Three potential pathogenic bacterial genera (Bacteroides, Corynebacterium and Fusobacterium) were found. The most abundant ARG type was aminoglycosides in all laying periods. In total, 22 possible ARG host genera were detected. ARG subtypes and abundance were both higher in LL. Network analysis also showed higher co-occurrence patterns between the bacteria and resistome in bioaerosols. The laying period plays an important role in the bacterial community and resistome in layer house aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Avenue, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lucky South Street, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Avenue, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lucky South Street, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Yunyi Kong
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lucky South Street, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lucky South Street, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanbin Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoliang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lucky South Street, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 573 Tulip Street, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, China.
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Xu X, Wang C, Wang P, Chu Y, Guo J, Bo X, Lin A. Bioaerosol dispersion and environmental risk simulation: Method and a case study for a biopharmaceutical plant of Gansu province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160506. [PMID: 36442625 PMCID: PMC9691505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria pose a great threat to global public health from environmental and public health perspectives, especially regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. As a result, the increased risk of pathogenic bioaerosol exposure imposes a considerable health burden and raises specific concerns about the layout and location of vaccine manufacturers. This study proposed a grid computing method based on the CALPUFF modelling system and population-based environmental risks to reduce bioaerosol-related potential risks. We previously used the CALPUFF model to quantify the diffusion level, the spatial distribution of emissions, and potential environmental risks of bioaerosol leakage in Gansu province's Zhongmu Lanzhou biopharmaceutical plant from July 24, 2019, to August 20, 2019. By combining it with publicly available test data, the credibility was confirmed. Based on our previous research, the CALPUFF model application combined with the environmental population-based environmental risks in two scenarios: the layout and site selection, was explored by using the leakage accident of Zhongmu Lanzhou biopharmaceutical plant of Gansu province as a case study. Our results showed that the site selection method of scenario 2 coupled with the buffer area was more reasonable than scenario 1, and the final layout site selection point of scenario 2 was grid 157 as the optimal layout point. The simulation results demonstrated agreement with the actual survey. Our findings could assist global bioaerosol manufacturers in developing appropriate layout and site selection strategies to reduce bioaerosol-related potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Wang
- 3Clear Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinghao Chu
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Bo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Michel M, Arvis Souaré M, Dindorf C, Danguy V, Chevreul K. Health check-ups for the French under-consuming agricultural population: A pilot evaluation of the Instants santé MSA program. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2023; 71:101420. [PMID: 36610246 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social protection scheme in charge of farmers and agricultural employees (MSA) in France has developed a two-step health promotion program with a nurse appointment followed by a consultation with a doctor of the participant's choosing to reach its under-consuming beneficiaries and enroll them back into a care pathway. Our objective was to carry out a pilot evaluation of this program. METHODS The evaluation was carried out on the population invited during the second semester of 2017 using data from the program's service providers (date of invitation, of nurse appointment…), regional MSA bodies (consultation voucher), and reimbursement data (other care consumption). Participation rates were calculated overall and by participant characteristics. Medical needs were identified during the nurse appointment and new care pathways were assessed using reimbursement data. Multivariable regression models identified factors associated with participation. RESULTS 2366 beneficiaries were included in the analysis. 1559 (65.89%) were men and mean age was 52.41 (standard deviation = 14.86). 409 (17.29%) attended the nurse appointment. There was a significant increase in participation with age, in farmers vs. employees (odds ratio = 1.905, 95% confidence interval = 1.393-2.604), and in people living in the most disadvantaged areas (odds ratio = 1.579, 95% confidence interval=1.079-2.312). Participation to the consultation following the nurse appointment was high (62.35%-73.11%). 87.53% of participants had at least one medical need, and new care pathways were more frequent among those who had attended the nurse appointment (55.50% vs. 34.80%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This pilot evaluation shows promising results which need to be confirmed with a national evaluation of the program and longer-term evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Michel
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DRCI, URC Eco Ile-de-France, 75004 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM, ECEVE UMR 1123, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Mariam Arvis Souaré
- Direction du contrôle médical et de l'offre de soins, Caisse centrale de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Christel Dindorf
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DRCI, URC Eco Ile-de-France, 75004 Paris, France; INSERM, ECEVE UMR 1123, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Danguy
- Département Études et évaluation en santé, Caisse centrale de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Karine Chevreul
- Université Paris Cité, ECEVE, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DRCI, URC Eco Ile-de-France, 75004 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 75019 Paris, France; INSERM, ECEVE UMR 1123, 75010 Paris, France
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Moradhaseli S, Ataei P, Karimi H, Hajialiani S. Typology of Iranian farmers' vulnerability to the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1018406. [PMID: 36620262 PMCID: PMC9814122 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1018406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Presently, farmers are faced with a new crisis caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. On the one hand, they are vulnerable to such respiratory diseases due to the nature of their farming activity. On the other hand, they will definitely be influenced by the pandemic in different aspects no matter if they do not contract the infection. So, this research aimed to study the vulnerability of farmers to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The present study was conducted using the quantitative approach and a descriptive-survey methodology. The statistical population was composed of farmers in Kermanshah province, Iran (N = 126,900). The sample (n = 382) was taken by the multistage stratified sampling technique with proportional allocation. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of relevant experts and its reliability was supported in a pilot test. Results The main damages of the pandemic to the farmers were found to be the increased costs of production, permanent or seasonal unemployment, reduced access to crop sale markets, and reduced control over pests and diseases at farms. The results revealed that the means of environmental, agronomic-vocational, and economic vulnerability were greater than the scale mean. The results also illustrated significant differences in the means of economic, psychological-social, agronomic-vocational, and environmental dimensions of vulnerability. Among these dimensions, the variable of agronomic-vocational vulnerability had the highest mean, and the variable of psychological-social vulnerability had the lowest mean. Conclusion Farmers have been one of the groups most severely influenced and damaged by the pandemic in various aspects. In this regard, organizations and institutions in charge of different agriculture sections, especially the Office of Agricultural Extension and Education, must develop practical strategies to reduce the effect of the pandemic on the agricultural sector. Identifying the dimensions and parameters of farmers' vulnerability in the face of COVID-19 can provide new and appropriate solutions to relevant planners and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Moradhaseli
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Somayeh Moradhaseli
| | - Pouria Ataei
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Karimi
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sara Hajialiani
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Wyss AB, Hoang TT, Vindenes HK, White JD, Sikdar S, Richards M, Beane-Freeman LE, Parks CG, Lee M, Umbach DM, London SJ. Early-life farm exposures and eczema among adults in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:248-256. [PMID: 36569583 PMCID: PMC9784317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies conducted in Europe have suggested a protective association between early-life farming exposures and childhood eczema or atopic dermatitis; few studies have examined associations in adults. Objectives To investigate associations between early-life exposures and eczema among 3217 adult farmers and farm spouses (mean age 62.8 years) in a case-control study nested within an US agricultural cohort. Methods We used sampling-weighted logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for associations between early-life exposures and self-reported doctor-diagnosed eczema (273 cases) and polytomous logistic regression to estimate ORs (95%CIs) for a 4-level outcome combining information on eczema and atopy (specific IgE≥0.35). Additionally, we explored genetic and gene-environment associations with eczema. Results Although early-life farming exposures were not associated with eczema overall, several early-life exposures were associated with a reduced risk of having both eczema and atopy. Notably, results suggest stronger protective associations among individuals with both eczema and atopy than among those with either atopy alone or eczema alone. For example, ORs (95%CIs) for having a mother who did farm work while pregnant were 1.01 (0.60-1.69) for eczema alone and 0.80 (0.65-0.99) for atopy alone, but 0.54 (0.33-0.80) for having both eczema and atopy. A genetic risk score based on previously identified atopic dermatitis variants was strongly positively associated with eczema, and interaction testing suggested protective effects of several early-life farming exposures only in individuals at lower genetic risk. Conclusions In utero and childhood farming exposures are associated with decreased odds of having eczema with atopy in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Thanh T Hoang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Hilde K Vindenes
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie D White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Sinjini Sikdar
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Laura E Beane-Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Mikyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computation Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
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11
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Almaviva S, Artuso F, Giardina I, Lai A, Pasquo A. Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22218338. [PMID: 36366036 PMCID: PMC9655218 DOI: 10.3390/s22218338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast monitoring of water quality is a fundamental part of environmental management and protection, in particular, the possibility of qualitatively and quantitatively determining its contamination at levels that are dangerous for human health, fauna and flora. Among the techniques currently available, Raman spectroscopy and its variant, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), have several advantages, including no need for sample preparation, quick and easy operation and the ability to operate on the field. This article describes the application of the Raman and SERS technique to liquid samples contaminated with different classes of substances, including nitrates, phosphates, pesticides and their metabolites. The technique was also used for the detection of the air pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and, in particular, benzo(a)pyrene, considered as a reference for the carcinogenicity of the whole class of these compounds. To pre-concentrate the analytes, we applied a methodology based on the well-known coffee-ring effect, which ensures preconcentration of the analytes without any pretreatment of the sample, providing a versatile approach for fast and in-situ detection of water pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to reveal these analytes at low concentrations, close to or lower than their regulatory limits.
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12
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Islam JY, Mohamed A, Umbach DM, London SJ, Henneberger PK, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP, Hoppin JA. Allergic and non-allergic wheeze among farm women in the Agricultural Health Study (2005-2010). Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:oemed-2022-108252. [PMID: 35940867 PMCID: PMC9905343 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farms represent complex environments for respiratory exposures including hays, grains and pesticides. Little is known about the impact of these exposures on women's respiratory health. We evaluated the association of farm exposures with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among women in the Agricultural Health Study, a study of farmers and their spouses based in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS We used self-reported data (2005-2010) on current use (≤12 months) of 15 pesticides (selected based on frequency of use) and occupational farm activities from 20 164 women. We defined allergic wheeze as reporting wheeze and doctor-diagnosed hay fever (7%) and non-allergic wheeze as wheeze but not hay fever (8%) in the past 12 months. Using polytomous logistic regression, we evaluated associations of wheeze subtypes with pesticides and other farm exposures (eg, raising farm animals) using no wheeze/hay fever as the referent, adjusting for age, body mass index, state, current asthma, glyphosate use and smoking. RESULTS Current use of any pesticide, reported by 7% of women, was associated with both allergic (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.67) and non-allergic (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.51) wheeze. Four pesticides were associated with at least one wheeze subtype: glyphosate, with both wheeze subtypes; diazinon and fly spray with only allergic wheeze; carbaryl with only non-allergic wheeze. Working weekly with mouldy hay was associated with allergic (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.80) and non-allergic wheeze (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.42). CONCLUSION Use of specific pesticides and certain farm activities may contribute to wheeze among farm women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Islam
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Umbach
- Biostatistics Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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13
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The Distribution Characteristics of Aerosol Bacteria in Different Types of Pig Houses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121540. [PMID: 35739876 PMCID: PMC9219456 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microbial aerosols from pig houses can be released into the environment, posing a serious threat to biosafety and public health. At present, there are few studies on the structural characteristics of aerosol bacteria in piggeries at different growth stages. It is important to understand the characteristics of aerosol bacteria in pig houses to solve the problems of air pollution and disease control in pig houses at different growth stages. In this study, bacterial aerosol concentrations and bacterial communities were compared in pig houses at different growth stages in Hebei Province, China. It was found that bacterial concentrations, community richness, and diversity in the air increased with the age of pigs. There are many pathogenic bacteria in the microbial aerosols of piggery. Our study highlights the importance of more comprehensive research and analysis of microbial aerosols in pig houses. Precautions for air pollution should be instituted in pig houses, including wearing masks, rigorous disinfection, and hygiene procedures. Abstract With the development of modern pig raising technology, the increasing density of animals in pig houses leads to the accumulation of microbial aerosols in pig houses. It is an important prerequisite to grasp the characteristics of bacteria in aerosols in different pig houses to solve the problems of air pollution and disease prevention and control in different pig houses. This work investigated the effects of growth stages on bacterial aerosol concentrations and bacterial communities in pig houses. Three traditional types of closed pig houses were studied: farrowing (FAR) houses, weaning (WEA) houses, and fattening (FAT) houses. The Andersen six-stage sampler and high-volume air sampler were used to assess the concentrations and size distribution of airborne bacteria, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the bacterial communities. We found that the airborne bacterial concentration, community richness, and diversity index increased with pig age. We found that Acinetobacter, Erysipelothrix, Streptococcus, Moraxella, and Aerococcus in the microbial aerosols of pig houses have the potential risk of causing disease. These differences lead us to believe that disinfection strategies for pig houses should involve a situational focus on environmental aerosol composition on a case-by-case basis.
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14
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Mokarami H, Choobineh S, Rahimian F, Soleimani E. Respiratory symptoms among crop farmers and comparison with a general population sample: a cross-sectional study. TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 14:187-192. [DOI: 10.1007/s13530-022-00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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15
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Xu C, Kong L, Gao H, Cheng X, Wang X. A Review of Current Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Food Animals. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822689. [PMID: 35633728 PMCID: PMC9133924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in food animals has led to the development of bacterial resistance and the widespread of resistant bacteria in the world. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in food animals are currently considered emerging contaminants, which are a serious threat to public health globally. The current situation of ARB and ARGs from food animal farms, manure, and the wastewater was firstly covered in this review. Potential risks to public health were also highlighted, as well as strategies (including novel technologies, alternatives, and administration) to fight against bacterial resistance. This review can provide an avenue for further research, development, and application of novel antibacterial agents to reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic resistance in food animal farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqiang Kong
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfang Gao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Ulu A, Velazquez JV, Burr A, Sveiven SN, Yang J, Bravo C, Hammock BD, Nordgren TM. Sex-Specific Differences in Resolution of Airway Inflammation in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Following Repetitive Agricultural Dust Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785193. [PMID: 35095496 PMCID: PMC8793679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture industries, workers are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases due to inhalation of agricultural dusts, particularly when working in enclosed confinement facilities. Agricultural dusts inhalation leads to unresolved airway inflammation that precedes the development and progression of lung disease. We have previously shown beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) DHA in protecting against the negative inflammatory effects of repetitive dust exposure in the lung. Dietary manipulation of pulmonary disease risk is an attractive and timely approach given the contribution of an increased ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio to low grade inflammation and chronic disease in the Western diet. To prevent any confounding factors that comes with dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFA (different sources, purity, dose, and duration), we employed a Fat-1 transgenic mouse model that convert ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA, leading to a tissue ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio of approximately 1:1. Building on our initial findings, we hypothesized that attaining elevated tissue levels of ω-3 PUFA would attenuate agricultural dust-induced lung inflammation and its resolution. To test this hypothesis, we compared wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 transgenic mice in their response to aqueous extracts of agricultural dust (DE). We also used a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEH) to potentiate the effects of ω-3 PUFA, since sEH inhibitors have been shown to stabilize the anti-inflammatory P450 metabolites derived from both ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and promote generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from ω-3 PUFA. Over a three-week period, mice were exposed to a total of 15 intranasal instillations of DE obtained from swine confinement buildings in the Midwest. We observed genotype and sex-specific differences between the WT vs. Fat-1 transgenic mice in response to repetitive dust exposure, where three-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of treatment, genotype, and sex. Also, Fat-1 transgenic mice displayed reduced lymphoid aggregates in the lung following DE exposure as compared to WT animals exposed to DE, suggesting improved resilience to the DE-induced inflammatory effects. Overall, our data implicate a protective role of ω-3 FA in the lung following repetitive dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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17
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Puvvula J, Baccaglini L, Johnson A, Du Y, Bell JE, Rautiainen RH. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Conditions among Farmers and Ranchers in the Central United States. J Agromedicine 2022; 27:378-390. [PMID: 35026966 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2021.2025180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for work-related respiratory conditions (asthma, farmer's lung, sinusitis, rhinitis, and environmental allergies, diagnosed by a physician) among farm and ranch operators in the central US. A survey was conducted by the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH) in 2018, focusing on work-related injuries, illnesses, exposures, and preventive measures in a seven-state region (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Farms and ranches (n = 16,818) with an email address and annual sales exceeding $5,000 were randomly selected for the survey. Agricultural production and weather data were merged with survey responses. The relationship between exposures and respiratory conditions was analyzed using generalized estimating equations. We received responses from 3,268 agricultural operations (19% response rate) containing information on 4,064 individual operators. The life-time prevalence of (any) respiratory conditions among farm/ranch operators was 18%. Risk factors for respiratory conditions included exposures to grain/hay/feed dust (OR 2.41), animal confinement dust (OR 1.57), field/road dust (OR 2.11), manure/silage gasses (OR 1.66), anhydrous ammonia (OR 1.51), fuels/solvents/paints (OR 1.92), older age group >70 vs. <43 (OR 1.40), female gender (OR 1.82), and being primary vs. third operator (OR 1.61). Farmers and ranchers have a high prevalence of respiratory conditions associated with dust and gas exposures at work. More effective protective measures are needed using the hierarchy of controls, including improved use of respiratory protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Puvvula
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lorena Baccaglini
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anthony Johnson
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jesse E Bell
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Risto H Rautiainen
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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18
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Poole JA, Mikuls TR, Thiele GM, Gaurav R, Nelson AJ, Duryee MJ, Mitra A, Hunter C, Wyatt TA, England BR, Ascherman DP. Increased susceptibility to organic dust exposure-induced inflammatory lung disease with enhanced rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantigen expression in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. Respir Res 2022; 23:160. [PMID: 35717175 PMCID: PMC9206339 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenetic as well as environmental and occupational exposures have been linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), RA-associated lung disease, and other primary lung disorders. Importantly, various inhalants can trigger post-translational protein modifications, resulting in lung autoantigen expression capable of stimulating pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic immune responses. To further elucidate gene-environment interactions contributing to pathologic lung inflammation, we exploited an established model of organic dust extract (ODE) exposure with and without collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) versus HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. ODE-induced airway infiltration driven by neutrophils was significantly increased in DR4 versus WT mice, with corresponding increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of TNF-⍺, IL-6, and IL-33. Lung histopathology demonstrated increased number of ectopic lymphoid aggregates comprised of T and B cells following ODE exposure in DR4 mice. ODE also induced citrullination, malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) modification, and vimentin expression that co-localized with MAA and was enhanced in DR4 mice. Serum and BALF anti-MAA antibodies were strikingly increased in ODE-treated DR4 mice. Coupling ODE exposure with Type II collagen immunization (CIA) resulted in similarly augmented pro-inflammatory lung profiles in DR4 mice (relative to WT mice) that was accompanied by a profound increase in infiltrating lung CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as CD19+CD11b+ autoimmune B cells. Neither modeling strategy induced significant arthritis. These findings support a model in which environmental insults trigger enhanced post-translational protein modification and lung inflammation sharing immunopathological features with RA-associated lung disease in the selected immunogenetic background of HLA-DR4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Ananya Mitra
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Carlos Hunter
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Bryant R. England
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA ,grid.413785.cVeterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Dana P. Ascherman
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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19
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Gribben KC, Wyss AB, Poole JA, Farazi PA, Wichman C, Richards-Barber M, Beane Freeman LE, Henneberger PK, Umbach DM, London SJ, LeVan TD, Gribben KC. CC16 polymorphisms in asthma, asthma subtypes, and asthma control in adults from the Agricultural Lung Health Study. Respir Res 2022; 23:305. [PMID: 36352422 PMCID: PMC9644514 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The club cell secretory protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and is a potential early biomarker of lung damage. The CC16 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3741240 risk allele (A) has been inconsistently linked to asthma; other tagging SNPs in the gene have not been explored. The aim was to determine whether CC16 tagging polymorphisms are associated with adult asthma, asthma subtypes or asthma control in the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS). METHODS The ALHS is an asthma case-control study nested in the Agricultural Health Study cohort. Asthma cases were individuals with current doctor diagnosed asthma, likely undiagnosed asthma, or asthma-COPD overlap defined by questionnaire. We also examined asthma subtypes and asthma control. Five CC16 tagging SNPs were imputed to 1000 Genomes Integrated phase 1 reference panel. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between CC16 SNPs and asthma outcomes adjusted for covariates. RESULTS The sample included 1120 asthma cases and 1926 controls of European ancestry, with a mean age of 63 years. The frequency of the risk genotype (AA) for rs3741240 was 12.5% (n = 382). CC16 rs3741240 was not associated with adult asthma outcomes. A tagging SNP in the CC16 gene, rs12270961 was associated with uncontrolled asthma (n = 208, ORadj= 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 1.9; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study, the largest study to investigate associations between CC16 tagging SNPs and asthma phenotypes in adults, did not confirm an association of rs3741240 with adult asthma. A tagging SNP in CC16 suggests a potential relationship with asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- KC Gribben
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - AB Wyss
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - JA Poole
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - PA Farazi
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - C Wichman
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | | | - LE Beane Freeman
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - PK Henneberger
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - DM Umbach
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - SJ London
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - TD LeVan
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA ,grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
| | - Kelli C. Gribben
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 68198 Omaha, NE USA
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20
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Compendium of analytical methods for sampling, characterization and quantification of bioaerosols. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Tang Q, Huang K, Liu J, Jin X, Li C. Distribution characteristics of bioaerosols inside pig houses and the respiratory tract of pigs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:112006. [PMID: 33556810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a carrier of many substances. Microorganisms are vital constituents contained in PM, and their varieties and concentrations are closely connected to human health and animal production. This study aimed to investigate the distribution characteristics of bioaerosols inside a pig house and in the respiratory tract of pigs. Environmental indices inside a nursery pig house were monitored in winter, including temperature, relative humidity, total suspended particulate (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, NH3, CO2, CO and NO. The concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria, fungi and Escherichia coli were detected. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to identify different-sized bioaerosols and bacteria in the respiratory tract of piglets. The results showed that the concentration of airborne culturable bacteria inside the pig house was significantly higher than that outside, and no significant difference was found among culturable fungi and Escherichia coli. The 16S rRNA results showed that the bacterial aerosols presented high similarity to the bacteria in the respiratory tract of piglets. The airborne bacterial aerosols within the size range of 1.1-3.3 µm showed high similarity to the bacteria in the lower respiratory tract (bronchus and lung) of piglets. In addition, four potential pathogenic bacterial genera (Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) were identified both in the bacterial aerosols and the respiratory tract of piglets. These results will provide a significant scientific basis for exploring the potential risk of aerosols from animal houses to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junze Liu
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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22
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Rock S, Galor A, Kumar N. Indoor Airborne Microbial Concentration and Dry Eye. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 223:193-204. [PMID: 33065065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between indoor airborne microbial concentration and dry eye (DE) measures. DESIGN Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 157 individuals with normal external ocular anatomy were recruited from the Miami Veterans Affairs eye clinic. Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation that included assessment of DE symptoms and signs. Indoor air was sampled using bioaerosol impactors with nutrient and soy media, and samples were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C with 5% CO2. Number of microbial colonies (CFU) was recorded. Outcome measures were DE symptoms and signs. RESULTS A total of 157 unique subjects participated in home and clinical visits and of these, 93 completed a 6-month follow-up of home and clinical visits. Older homes were found to have higher CFU compared to newer homes. A 1% increase in humidity was associated with a 3% increase in nutrient CFU (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 0.04; P < .001). Instrumented CFU significantly associated with 2 DE measures: corneal epithelial disruption and lower eyelid meibomian gland (MG) dropout, adjusted for age and sex (odds ratio [OR] = 28.07, 95% CI =1.8, 443.8, P < .05; OR = 39.6, CI = 1.8, 875.2, P < .05 for soy, respectively). After adjusting for other confounders, CFU and age remained significantly associated with MG dropout. Other DE measures did not significantly associate with CFU. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with higher CFU counts in the home had more severe MG dropout, after adjusting for age and other confounders. This finding suggests that home CFU exposure may impact MG dropout, one of the DE measures, and may be a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rock
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
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23
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Marcovecchio F, Perrino C. Contribution of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles to airborne particulate matter in indoor and outdoor environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128510. [PMID: 33049501 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric concentration of bioparticles was determined in some outdoor and indoor sites by using a commercial low-volume sampler and a detection method based on particle collection on polycarbonate filters, propidium iodide staining, observation by fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. Outdoor sampling was continuously carried out from May 2015 to October 2016 by cumulating monthly samples over individual filters. PBAPs contribution to PM10 concentration was in the range 0.7-13%. Seasonal differences were found in PBAPs concentration, shape and mass distribution. Higher concentrations were recorded during the warm period, when the bioparticles were more numerous, larger and more elongated. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor daily samples were collected during the spring of 2014 and 2017 in domestic environments. In indoor sites PBAPs were much higher in concentration than outdoors and showed a different visual appearance, with very wide polyhedral-shaped particles identifiable as skin flakes. Indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O) of PBAPs was in the range 6-16. Indoors, PBAPs contributed 21-77% to organic matter and 16-68% to PM10. When sampling into a sealed room, I/O was only 0.01 for individual bioparticles heavier than100 ng, while it was in the range 0.24-0.43 for PBAPs below 20 ng. This suggests that the infiltration factor of wide bioparticles was very low and that their concentration increase in indoor environments was due to indoor sources, namely the presence of human beings. Samplings carried out in different rooms of an apartment showed that most of the PBAPs mass was due to particles heavier than 100 ng, particularly in the bedroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marcovecchio
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria km. 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo St., Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria km. 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo St., Rome, Italy.
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24
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Barton KT, Conklin DR, Ranabhat RS, Harper M, Holmes-Cobb LM, Martinez Soto MH, Waterman JT. Methacholine induced airway contraction in porcine precision cut lung slices from indoor and outdoor reared pigs. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2805-2813. [PMID: 32655811 PMCID: PMC7344084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to bioaerosols in swine production facilities (SPF) promotes respiratory dysfunction in workers and animals. An adequate understanding of the impact of the SPF environment on pulmonary physiology is needed. However, there is currently no sufficient ex vivo model to investigate the cause for agriculture-related lung disease. The precision cut lung slices (PCLS) technique represents a practical and useful procedure for ex vivo studies. Our goal was to use the PCLS technique to develop a model of agriculture-related lung diseases using a physiologically relevant animal model, the domesticated pig. Freshly prepared pig lung tissue cores were sectioned into 300 µm slices and viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase activity and live/dead staining. Airway contractility in response to a methacholine (MCh) dose gradient (10-7-10-4 M) was measured. After the last MCh dose, PCLS were incubated with 1 mM chloroquine to allow airways to relax. Time-lapse images were taken every minute for 35 minutes and used to determine airway lumen area changes. Porcine PCLS remained viable and demonstrated metabolic activity for three days. PCLS from indoor and outdoor pigs contracted in response to MCh exposure and relaxed when incubated with chloroquine. Notably, PCLS of indoor pigs showed greater airway constriction in response to 10-5 M MCh exposure compared to outdoor pig PCLS (P<0.05). These data suggest that exposure to the indoor pig production environment may be associated with hyperresponsiveness in swine airways, and support future studies to investigate lung response to inflammatory substances using the porcine PCLS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke’Yona T Barton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
| | - Dawn R Conklin
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
| | - Rohit S Ranabhat
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
- Applied Science and Technology Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
| | - Marquis Harper
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
| | - La’Neesa M Holmes-Cobb
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
| | - Margarita H Martinez Soto
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
| | - Jenora T Waterman
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, USA
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25
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Fix J, Annesi-Maesano I, Baldi I, Boulanger M, Cheng S, Cortes S, Dalphin JC, Dalvie MA, Degano B, Douwes J, Eduard W, Elholm G, Ferreccio C, Harding AH, Jeebhay M, Kelly KM, Kromhout H, MacFarlane E, Maesano CN, Mitchell DC, Mwanga H, Naidoo S, Negatu B, Ngajilo D, Nordby KC, Parks CG, Schenker MB, Shin A, Sigsgaard T, Sim M, Soumagne T, Thorne P, Yoo KY, Hoppin JA. Gender differences in respiratory health outcomes among farming cohorts around the globe: findings from the AGRICOH consortium. J Agromedicine 2020; 26:97-108. [PMID: 32182198 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2020.1713274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Respiratory hazards of farming have been identified for centuries, with little focus on gender differences. We used data from the AGRICOH consortium, a collective of prospective cohorts of agricultural workers, to assess respiratory disease prevalence among adults in 18 cohorts representing over 200,000 farmers, farm workers, and their spouses from six continents.Methods: Cohorts collected data between 1992 and 2016 and ranged in size from 200 to >128,000 individuals; 44% of participants were female. Farming practices varied from subsistence farming to large-scale industrial agriculture. All cohorts provided respiratory outcome information for their cohort based on their study definitions. The majority of outcomes were based on self-report using standard respiratory questionnaires; the greatest variability in assessment methods was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Results: For all three respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheeze), the median prevalence in men was higher than in women, with the greatest difference for phlegm (17% vs. 10%). For asthma, women had a higher prevalence (7.8% vs 6.5%), with the difference associated with allergic asthma. The relative proportion of allergic asthma varied among cohorts. In two of eight cohorts for women and two of seven cohorts for men, allergic asthma was more common than non-allergic asthma.Conclusions: These findings indicate that respiratory outcomes are common among farmers around the world despite differences in agricultural production. As women in the general population are at higher risk of asthma, exploring gender differences in occupational studies is critical for a deeper understanding of respiratory disease among agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fix
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louise Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS1136), UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Universités, Paris
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- INSERM U1086, Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Mathilde Boulanger
- INSERM U1086, Caen, France.,Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Soo Cheng
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Cortes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330077, Chile
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Division of Occupational Medicine and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bruno Degano
- Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France.,EA 3920, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Wijnand Eduard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 5330 Majorstuen, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Elholm
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330077, Chile
| | | | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Division of Occupational Medicine and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin M Kelly
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewan MacFarlane
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara Nichole Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louise Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS1136), UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Universités, Paris
| | | | - Hussein Mwanga
- Division of Occupational Medicine and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Saloshni Naidoo
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Beyene Negatu
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pesticide Registration and control, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dorothy Ngajilo
- Division of Occupational Medicine and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc B Schenker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malcolm Sim
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thibaud Soumagne
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Peter Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
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26
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Tang Q, Huang K, Liu J, Shen D, Dai P, Li Y, Li C. Seasonal variations of microbial assemblage in fine particulate matter from a nursery pig house. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134921. [PMID: 31771854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms contained in PM2.5 from livestock houses can spread over long distances through airborne transmission. As such, the potential bacterial pathogens and fungal allergens within can pose a formidable threat to nearby residents' health and the overall environment. However, little is known about the microbial assemblage contained in PM2.5 from pig houses. In this study, 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze the bacterial and fungal assemblage contained in PM2.5 from a nursery pig house across four seasons, respectively. The results showed that alpha diversity was higher in summer and autumn compared to the spring and winter. The bacterial and fungal assemblage varied according to season. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria and fungi were Firmicutes and Basidiomycota, respectively, across the four seasons. At the genus level, a total of five potential bacterial pathogen and 20 potential fungal allergen genera were identified across the samples. The most abundant bacterial pathogen and fungal allergen genera were observed in summer and autumn, respectively, but neither had a significant correlation with PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, microbial diversity and the relative abundance of fungal allergen genera were positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity. It can be concluded that microbial diversity and assemblage varied significantly among the seasons in a nursery pig house, and this can be useful in exploring the potential risks of PM2.5 from pig houses across all four seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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27
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Arora K, Cheyney M, Gerr F, Bhagianadh D, Gibbs J, Anthony TR. Assessing Health and Safety Concerns and Psychological Stressors among Agricultural Workers in the U.S. Midwest. J Agric Saf Health 2020; 26:45-58. [PMID: 32429619 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is limited research exploring agricultural workers' own perspectives on the relative importance of the hazards and stressors they experience. There is also a lack of evidence on whether this reporting differs by method of elicitation. Finally, very little research exists on how to improve mail survey response rates among agricultural workers. We examined health and safety concerns and psychological stressors among Midwestern farmers. We assessed whether these reports varied by survey mode (mail survey versus in-person survey). The efficacy of two different types of incentives to enhance mail survey response rates among agricultural workers was also investigated. In 2018, a needs assessment survey was developed and mailed to a random sample of farm owner-operators in Iowa, Ohio, and Missouri, with randomly assigned prepaid or promised monetary incentives. In-person surveys were conducted among farm owner-operators and hired workers at three regional farm shows in Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The mail survey response rates were compared by incentive type. Content analysis was used to generate themes associated with health and safety concerns and psychological stressors, which were then ranked by frequency counts. Chi-square tests were used to analyze variation in the distribution of these themes by survey mode. The response rate for the $1 prepaid incentive was double that of the $10 promised incentive. Content analysis identified 13 health and safety concerns and eight psychological stressors. Chemicals, equipment/tools, and health outcomes were the most frequently noted health and safety concerns. Finances, climate/weather, and farm workload and management were the most frequently noted psychological stressors. Although there was considerable overlap in survey responses across mail and in-person respondents, important differences by sample and survey mode characteristics were observed. The results can support a variety of stakeholders in prioritizing and developing interventions and educational resources to address health and safety concerns and psychological stressors among Midwestern farmers. Our findings also contribute to the evidence base on primary data collection methods for agricultural workers.
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28
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Waterman JT, McClendon CJ, Ranabhat RS, Barton KT. Profiling of cell stress proteins reveals decreased expression of enzymatic antioxidants in tracheal epithelial tissue of pigs raised indoors. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5716-5727. [PMID: 31632542 PMCID: PMC6789228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor swine production facilities (SPF) environments causes airway inflammation and diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in facility workers. However, less is known about the impact of SPF exposures on the respiratory health of pigs. Respiratory symptoms are associated with repeat exposure to SPF, specifically inhalation of organic dust and other air pollutants therein. A thorough understanding of the molecular pathways regulated by SPF exposure is needed to understand airway inflammation and chronic inflammatory lung disease. The present study measured the expression of proteins associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in the tracheal epithelial tissues of pigs reared in SPF or on pasture. Proteome profiler cell stress arrays, western blotting and enzyme activity assays were utilized to measure protein expression and activity levels in tracheal epithelial tissue extracts of pigs. It was determined that pigs raised in SPF express significantly less enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), within their tracheal epithelial tissues compared to pasture raised pigs. Concomitantly, tracheal epithelial tissues of SPF raised pigs had lower SOD and catalase antioxidant activity levels compared to pasture raised pigs. The observations summarized herein provide evidence that exposure to swine production environments influence endogenous enzymatic antioxidant defenses within the tracheal epithelial tissues of pigs. This study offers insight for understanding the effect of continuous exposure to SPF pollutants on endogenous antioxidant defenses in the airway epithelial and may be helpful in understanding human airway responses to swine barn exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenora T Waterman
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Chakia J McClendon
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
- Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Rohit S Ranabhat
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
- Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - KeYona T Barton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
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29
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Gerald CL, McClendon CJ, Ranabhat RS, Waterman JT, Kloc LL, Conklin DR, Barton KT, Khatiwada JR, Williams LL. Sorrel Extract Reduces Oxidant Production in Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Swine Barn Dust Extract In Vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7420468. [PMID: 31481850 PMCID: PMC6701418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7420468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hog barn organic dust contributes to occupational lung diseases, which are mediated by inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Isoprostanes-a family of eicosanoids produced by oxidation of phospholipids by oxygen radicals-are biomarkers of pulmonary oxidative stress. Importantly, 8-isoprostane has been implicated as a key biomarker and mediator of oxidative stress because it is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor. Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables hold promise for preventing or reducing effects of oxidative stress-related diseases including chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated 8-isoP and oxidant production by organic dust-exposed airway epithelial cells and the inhibitory effects of an extract from calyces of the sorrel plant, Hibiscus sabdariffa, on oxidant-producing pathways. Confluent cultures of normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells were pretreated or not with 1% sorrel extract prior to 5% dust extract (DE) exposure. Following DE treatments, live cells, cell-free supernatants, or cell extracts were evaluated for the presence of 8-isoprostane, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, and catalase activity to evaluate sorrel's inhibitory effect on oxidative stress. The well-known radical scavenging antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), was used for comparisons with sorrel. DE exposure augmented the production of all radicals measured including 8-isoprostane (p value < 0.001), which could be inhibited by NAC or sorrel. Among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated in response to DE exposure, sorrel had no effect on H2O2 production and NAC had no significant effect on NO· production. The observations reported here suggest a possible role for sorrel in preventing 8-isoprostane and oxidant-mediated stress responses in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to hog barn dust. These findings suggest a potential role for oxidative stress pathways in mediating occupational lung diseases and antioxidants within sorrel and NAC in reducing dust-mediated oxidative stress within the airways of exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carresse L. Gerald
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Chakia J. McClendon
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Rohit S. Ranabhat
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Department of Energy and Environmental Systems, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jenora T. Waterman
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lauren L. Kloc
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Dawn R. Conklin
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ke'Yona T. Barton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Janak R. Khatiwada
- Center of Excellence for Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical University, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Leonard L. Williams
- Center of Excellence for Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical University, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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30
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Kongtip P, Nankongnab N, Mahaboonpeeti R, Bootsikeaw S, Batsungnoen K, Hanchenlaksh C, Tipayamongkholgul M, Woskie S. Differences among Thai Agricultural Workers' Health, Working Conditions, and Pesticide Use by Farm Type. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:167-181. [PMID: 29390118 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 11 million Thai people (38%) work in agriculture, but since most are in the informal sector, government enforcement and support are very limited. As a result, working conditions on Thai farms vary greatly, putting the health of many agricultural workers at risk. A cross-sectional study in three Thai provinces collected information on the work activities and conditions of 424 farmers representing five farm types: rice, vegetable, flower, rice/vegetable, and flower/vegetable. The agricultural workers were mainly women (60%); their average age was 53 but ranged from 18 to 87 years. More than 64% worked more than 5 days/week. Seventy-four percent of them had only primary school education. A number of the health and hazardous working conditions surveyed were significantly different by farm type. Rice farmers were found to have the highest prevalence of allergies, nasal congestion, wheezing, and acute symptoms after pesticide use, while flower farmers had the lowest prevalence of these health outcomes. Rice farmers reported the highest prevalence of hazardous working conditions including high noise levels, working on slippery surfaces, sitting or standing on a vibrating machine, spills of chemicals/pesticides, and sharp injuries. The lowest prevalence of these working conditions (except noise) was reported by flower farmers. Vegetable farmers reported the highest prevalence knee problems, while rice farmers had the lowest prevalence. Among these farmers, more than 27 different types of pesticides were reported in use during the past year, with the majority reporting use once a month. The flower/vegetable farming group reported the highest frequency of good exposure prevention practices during pesticide use. They were the most likely to report using cotton or rubber gloves or a disposable paper masks during insecticide spraying. Those farmers who only grew vegetables had the lowest frequency of good exposure prevention practices, including use of personal protective equipment. The economic cost of work-related injuries and illnesses among informal sector agricultural workers in Thailand is unknown and in need of study. Gaps in the regulations covering pesticide sales allow farmers to purchase pesticides without adequate training in their safe use. Training targeted to farm type regarding safe pesticide use and the prevention of accidents and musculoskeletal disorders is needed. Studies of chronic health effects among Thai farmers are needed, with special emphasis on respiratory, metabolic disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kiattisak Batsungnoen
- Institute of Medicine, Suranaree Institute of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chalalai Hanchenlaksh
- Institute of Medicine, Suranaree Institute of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Nankongnab N, Kongtip P, Tipayamongkholgul M, Bunngamchairat A, Sitthisak S, Woskie S. Difference in Accidents, Health Symptoms, and Ergonomic Problems between Conventional Farmers Using Pesticides and Organic Farmers. J Agromedicine 2019; 25:158-165. [PMID: 31025608 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1607793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic farming has been promoted in Thailand by King Rama the ninth. In addition to being healthier for consumers, organic farming is healthier for agricultural workers. The cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the frequency of chronic disease conditions, accidents, health symptoms, and ergonomic problems among 243 conventional (pesticide using) farmers and 235 organic farmers. Data were collected using questionnaires in face-to-face interviews. The results indicated symptoms that could be related to pesticide exposure (skin rashes, water blisters, headache, dizziness, and loss of appetite) were significantly higher among conventional farmers than organic farmers. The organic farmers reported significantly more health symptoms such as hives, chest pain, mild fever, flatulence, and frequent urination than the conventional farmers. The organic farmers reported significantly more pain, numbness, or weakness in the wrists/hands, fingers, upper back, hips, and ankles/feet than conventional farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ariya Bunngamchairat
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Dickinson JD, Sweeter JM, Staab EB, Nelson AJ, Bailey KL, Warren KJ, Jaramillo AM, Dickey BF, Poole JA. MyD88 controls airway epithelial Muc5ac expression during TLR activation conditions from agricultural organic dust exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L334-L347. [PMID: 30358438 PMCID: PMC6397350 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00206.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation from airborne microbes can overwhelm compensatory mucociliary clearance mechanisms, leading to mucous cell metaplasia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling is central to pathogen responses. We have previously shown that agricultural organic dust extract (ODE), with abundant microbial component diversity, activates TLR-induced airway inflammation. With the use of an established model, C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and global MyD88 knockout (KO) mice were treated with intranasal inhalation of ODE or saline, daily for 1 wk. ODE primarily increased mucin (Muc)5ac levels relative to Muc5b. Compared with ODE-challenged WT mice, ODE-challenged, MyD88-deficient mice demonstrated significantly increased Muc5ac immunostaining, protein levels by immunoblot, and expression by quantitative PCR. The enhanced Muc5ac levels in MyD88-deficient mice were not explained by differences in the differentiation program of airway secretory cells in naïve mice. Increased Muc5ac levels in MyD88-deficient mice were also not explained by augmented inflammation, IL-17A, or neutrophil elastase levels. Furthermore, the enhanced airway mucins in the MyD88-deficient mice were not due to defective secretion, as the mucin secretory capacity of MyD88-KO mice remained intact. Finally, ODE-induced Muc5ac levels were enhanced in MyD88-deficient airway epithelial cells in vitro. In conclusion, MyD88 deficiency enhances airway mucous cell metaplasia under environments with high TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Dickinson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth B Staab
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ana Maria Jaramillo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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Mortality by cause of death and risk behaviors in farmers versus non-farmers: the importance of avoiding the healthy worker effect. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:599-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arroyo AJC, Robinson LB, Downing NL, Camargo CA. Occupational exposures and asthma prevalence among US farmworkers: National Agricultural Workers Survey, 2003-2014. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:2135-2138.e2. [PMID: 29626636 PMCID: PMC6170719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Chen Arroyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Lacey B Robinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - N Lance Downing
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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Shaffo FC, Grodzki AC, Fryer AD, Lein PJ. Mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide toxicity in the context of airway hyperreactivity and asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L485-L501. [PMID: 29952220 PMCID: PMC6230874 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00211.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have identified an association between occupational exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and asthma or asthmatic symptoms in adults. Emerging epidemiologic data suggest that environmentally relevant levels of OPs may also be linked to respiratory dysfunction in the general population and that in utero and/or early life exposures to environmental OPs may increase risk for childhood asthma. In support of a causal link between OPs and asthma, experimental evidence demonstrates that occupationally and environmentally relevant OP exposures induce bronchospasm and airway hyperreactivity in preclinical models. Mechanistic studies have identified blockade of autoinhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves that innervate airway smooth muscle as one mechanism by which OPs induce airway hyperreactivity, but significant questions remain regarding the mechanism(s) by which OPs cause neuronal M2 receptor dysfunction and, more generally, how OPs cause persistent asthma, especially after developmental exposures. The goals of this review are to 1) summarize current understanding of OPs in asthma; 2) discuss mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity that warrant consideration in the context of OP-induced airway hyperreactivity and asthma, specifically, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neural plasticity, and neurogenic inflammation; and 3) identify critical data gaps that need to be addressed in order to better protect adults and children against the harmful respiratory effects of low-level OP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Shaffo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Ana Cristina Grodzki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
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Humbal C, Gautam S, Trivedi U. A review on recent progress in observations, and health effects of bioaerosols. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:189-193. [PMID: 29885589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosol is a particulate mixture of solid and semi-solid matter combined with biotic matter like pollens, microbes and their fragments. The present review stresses on a cumulative understanding of sources, components, quantification and distribution of bioaerosols with respect to size, and its significant impacts on human health. The present review will be instrumental in devising strategies to understand and manage bioaerosols and reducing their human exposure and associated health hazards. The present review aims explore the relationship between particle and associated biological agents responsible for behaviours like dispersal, total potential health hazards and toxicology level during exposure to bioaerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmi Humbal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India.
| | - Ujwalkumar Trivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
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Burkes RM, Gassett AJ, Ceppe AS, Anderson W, O'Neal WK, Woodruff PG, Krishnan JA, Barr RG, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Comellas AP, Lambert AA, Kaufman JD, Dransfield MT, Wells JM, Kanner RE, Paine R, Bleecker ER, Paulin LM, Hansel NN, Drummond MB. Rural Residence and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Analysis of the SPIROMICS Cohort. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15:808-816. [PMID: 29584453 PMCID: PMC6207115 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201710-837oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Rural residence is associated with poor outcomes in several chronic diseases. The association between rural residence and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations remains unclear.Objectives: In this work, we sought to determine the independent association between rural residence and COPD-related outcomes, including COPD exacerbations, airflow obstruction, and symptom burden.Methods: A total of 1,684 SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study) participants with forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < 0.70 had geocoding-defined rural-urban residence status determined (N = 204 rural and N = 1,480 urban). Univariate and multivariate logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to assess the independent association between rurality and COPD outcomes, including exacerbations, lung function, and symptom burden. The primary exposure of interest was rural residence, determined by geocoding of the home address to the block level at the time of study enrollment. Additional covariates of interest included demographic and clinical characteristics, occupation, and occupational exposures. The primary outcome measures were exacerbations determined over a 1-year course after enrollment by quarterly telephone calls and at an annual research clinic visit. The odds ratio (OR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of exacerbations that required treatment with medications, including steroids or antibiotics (total exacerbations), and exacerbations leading to hospitalization (severe exacerbations) were determined after adjusting for relevant covariates.Results: Rural residence was independently associated with a 70% increase in the odds of total exacerbations (OR, 1.70 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-2.56]; P = 0.012) and a 46% higher incidence rate of total exacerbations (IRR 1.46 [95% CI, 1.02-2.10]; P = 0.039). There was no association between rural residence and severe exacerbations. Agricultural occupation was independently associated with increased odds and incidence of total and severe exacerbations. Inclusion of agricultural occupation in the analysis attenuated the association between rural residence and the odds and incidence rate of total exacerbations (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.00-2.32]; P = 0.05 and IRR 1.39 [95% CI, 0.97-1.99]; P = 0.07). There was no difference in symptoms or airflow obstruction between rural and urban participants.Conclusions: Rural residence is independently associated with increased odds and incidence of total, but not severe, COPD exacerbations. These associations are not fully explained by agriculture-related exposures, highlighting the need for future research into potential mechanisms of the increased risk of COPD exacerbations in the rural population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - Agathe S Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wayne Anderson
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Allison A Lambert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:23-35. [PMID: 29778157 PMCID: PMC7128579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols consist of aerosols originated biologically such as metabolites, toxins, or fragments of microorganisms that are present ubiquitously in the environment. International interests in bioaerosols have increased rapidly to broaden the pool of knowledge on their identification, quantification, distribution, and health impacts (e.g., infectious and respiratory diseases, allergies, and cancer). However, risk assessment of bioaerosols based on conventional culture methods has been hampered further by several factors such as: (1) the complexity of microorganisms or derivatives to be investigated; (2) the purpose, techniques, and locations of sampling; and (3) the lack of valid quantitative criteria (e.g., exposure standards and dose/effect relationships). Although exposure to some microbes is considered to be beneficial for health, more research is needed to properly assess their potential health hazards including inter-individual susceptibility, interactions with non-biological agents, and many proven/unproven health effects (e.g., atopy and atopic diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Farm, Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Rinsky JL, Richardson DB, Wing S, Beard JD, Alavanja M, Beane Freeman LE, Chen H, Henneberger PK, Kamel F, Sandler DP, Hoppin JA. Assessing the Potential for Bias From Nonresponse to a Study Follow-up Interview: An Example From the Agricultural Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:395-404. [PMID: 28486574 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective cohort studies are important tools for identifying causes of disease. However, these studies are susceptible to attrition. When information collected after enrollment is through interview or exam, attrition leads to missing information for nonrespondents. The Agricultural Health Study enrolled 52,394 farmers in 1993-1997 and collected additional information during subsequent interviews. Forty-six percent of enrolled farmers responded to the 2005-2010 interview; 7% of farmers died prior to the interview. We examined whether response was related to attributes measured at enrollment. To characterize potential bias from attrition, we evaluated differences in associations between smoking and incidence of 3 cancer types between the enrolled cohort and the subcohort of 2005-2010 respondents, using cancer registry information. In the subcohort we evaluated the ability of inverse probability weighting (IPW) to reduce bias. Response was related to age, state, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption. When exposure and outcome were associated and case response was differential by exposure, some bias was observed; IPW conditional on exposure and covariates failed to correct estimates. When response was nondifferential, subcohort and full-cohort estimates were similar, making IPW unnecessary. This example provides a demonstration of investigating the influence of attrition in cohort studies using information that has been self-reported after enrollment.
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House JS, Wyss AB, Hoppin JA, Richards M, Long S, Umbach DM, Henneberger PK, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP, Long O'Connell E, Barker-Cummings C, London SJ. Early-life farm exposures and adult asthma and atopy in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:249-256.e14. [PMID: 27845237 PMCID: PMC5429211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies, mostly from Europe, suggest that early-life farming exposures protect against childhood asthma and allergy; few data exist on asthma and allergy in adults. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine associations between early-life farming exposures and current asthma and atopy in an older adult US farming population. METHODS We analyzed data from 1746 farmers and 1555 spouses (mean age, 63) from a case-control study nested within the Agricultural Health Study. Current asthma and early-life farming exposures were assessed via questionnaires. We defined atopy based on specific IgE > 0.70 IU/mL to at least 1 of 10 allergens measured in blood. We used logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, race, state (Iowa or North Carolina), and smoking (pack years), to estimate associations between early-life exposures and asthma (1198 cases and 2031 noncases) or atopy (578 cases and 2526 noncases). RESULTS Exposure to the farming environment in utero and in early childhood had little or no association with asthma but was associated with reduced odds of atopy. The strongest association was seen for having a mother who performed farm activities while pregnant (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48-0.74) and remained significant in models with correlated early-life exposures including early childhood farm animal contact and raw milk consumption. CONCLUSIONS In a large US farming population, early-life farm exposures, particularly maternal farming activities while pregnant, were strongly associated with reduced risk of atopy in adults. These results extend previous work done primarily on childhood outcomes and suggest that protective associations of early-life farming exposures on atopy endure across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Jane A Hoppin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | | | - David M Umbach
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Paul K Henneberger
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | | | - Stephanie J London
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmer's lung (FL) is a common type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is often considered that fibrosis is the most frequent finding in chronic FL. Nevertheless, three cohort studies have suggested that some patients with chronic FL may develop emphysema. We aimed to evaluate the current prevalence of emphysema in active FL, to describe the radiological and functional features of emphysema in active FL, and to identify risk factors associated with emphysema in this population. METHODS Patients aged over 18 years with active FL were prospectively recruited through the SOPHIA study (CPP Est; P-2009-521), between 2007 and 2015. Each patient had complete medical history screening, clinical examination, high resolution computed tomodensitometry, bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary function tests and serum precipitins. RESULTS Among 33 patients with active FL, the prevalence of emphysema in this series of incident active FL cases was higher (48.5%) than that of fibrosis (12%) and was not dependent on smoking habits. Most patients with emphysema did not have lung hyperinflation. The possible risk factors for emphysema in active FL were a longer duration of exposure to organic dusts, and at a higher level. CONCLUSION Emphysema is found in half of patients with active FL and may be influenced by exposure patterns.
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Audi C, Baïz N, Maesano CN, Ramousse O, Reboulleau D, Magnan A, Caillaud D, Annesi-Maesano I. Serum cytokine levels related to exposure to volatile organic compounds and PM 2.5 in dwellings and workplaces in French farmers - a mechanism to explain nonsmoking COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1363-1374. [PMID: 28503065 PMCID: PMC5426466 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although French farmers smoke less on average than individuals from the general population, they suffer more from COPD. Exposure to biological and chemical air pollutants in the farm may be the cause of these higher COPD rates. This study investigates the role of bio-contaminants, including the relationship of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter (of diameter of 2.5 µm [PM2.5]) objectively measured in the farm settings (dwellings and workplaces) to serum cytokines involved in COPD, in a sample of 72 farmers from 50 farms in the Auvergne region, France. Mean concentrations of VOCs were highest inside the home, while levels of PM2.5 were highest in workplaces (stables and granaries). After adjusting for confounders, high exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with a decreased level of serum cytokines (among others, IL13: β: −0.94, CI: −1.5 to −0.2, P-value =0.004; IL8: β: −0.82, CI: −1.4 to −0.2, P-value =0.005) and high exposure to VOCs according to a VOC global score with a decreased IL13 level (β: −0.5, CI: −0.9 to −0.1, P-value =0.01). Moreover, respiratory symptoms and diseases, including COPD, were associated with a decreased level of serum cytokines significantly in the case of IL5. An alteration of immune response balance in terms of cytokine levels in relation to indoor chemical air pollution exposure may contribute to respiratory health impairment in farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Audi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMRS 1136, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris
| | - Nour Baïz
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMRS 1136, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris
| | - Cara N Maesano
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMRS 1136, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris
| | | | - Damien Reboulleau
- Centre du Thorax de Nantes INSERM, UMR1087, Institut du thorax, Nantes
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Centre du Thorax de Nantes INSERM, UMR1087, Institut du thorax, Nantes
| | - Denis Caillaud
- Respiratory Diseases Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMRS 1136, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris
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Akpinar-Elci M, Pasquale DK, Abrokwah M, Nguyen M, Elci OC. United Airway Disease Among Crop Farmers. J Agromedicine 2017; 21:217-23. [PMID: 27088572 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2016.1179239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there are observed relationships between agriculture and respiratory health problems, little attention has been given to relationship between lower and upper airway problems among farmers in the United States. The objective was to investigate the possible relationship between occupational risk factors and "united airway disease" among farmers in eastern North Carolina. Farmers and farm workers were selected from eastern North Carolina by using a cluster sampling method. A total of 180 farmers and farm workers completed the questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted to test associations and correlations between working conditions and symptoms. Lower airway symptom prevalence was 35%, and 66% had upper airway symptoms. Only 1% of farmers had physician-diagnosed rhinitis. Self-reported rhinitis and asthma symptoms were significantly correlated (r = .228, P = .003) among farmer/farm workers. Upper airway diseases are prevalent yet overlooked among farmer/farm workers. Early management of upper airway symptoms may prevent severe lower airway diseases, which will lead to increased productivity in the agricultural workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Akpinar-Elci
- a The Center for Global Health, College of Health Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia , USA.,b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Dana K Pasquale
- b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Michael Abrokwah
- b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - MyNgoc Nguyen
- a The Center for Global Health, College of Health Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia , USA
| | - Omur Cinar Elci
- b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA.,c Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , St. George's University, School of Medicine , Grenada , West Indies
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Hoppin JA, Umbach DM, Long S, London SJ, Henneberger PK, Blair A, Alavanja M, Freeman LEB, Sandler DP. Pesticides are Associated with Allergic and Non-Allergic Wheeze among Male Farmers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:535-543. [PMID: 27384423 PMCID: PMC5381985 DOI: 10.1289/ehp315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that pesticide use may contribute to respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of currently used pesticides with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers. METHODS Using the 2005-2010 interview data of the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of farmers in North Carolina and Iowa, we evaluated the association between allergic and non-allergic wheeze and self-reported use of 78 specific pesticides, reported by ≥ 1% of the 22,134 men interviewed. We used polytomous regression models adjusted for age, BMI, state, smoking, and current asthma, as well as for days applying pesticides and days driving diesel tractors. We defined allergic wheeze as reporting both wheeze and doctor-diagnosed hay fever (n = 1,310, 6%) and non-allergic wheeze as reporting wheeze but not hay fever (n = 3,939, 18%); men without wheeze were the referent. RESULTS In models evaluating current use of specific pesticides, 19 pesticides were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with allergic wheeze (18 positive, 1 negative) and 21 pesticides with non-allergic wheeze (19 positive, 2 negative); 11 pesticides were associated with both. Seven pesticides (herbicides: 2,4-D and simazine; insecticides: carbaryl, dimethoate, disulfoton, and zeta-cypermethrin; and fungicide pyraclostrobin) had significantly different associations for allergic and non-allergic wheeze. In exposure-response models with up to five exposure categories, we saw evidence of an exposure-response relationship for several pesticides including the commonly used herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate, the insecticides permethrin and carbaryl, and the rodenticide warfarin. CONCLUSIONS These results for farmers implicate several pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings with adverse respiratory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences, and
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to J.A. Hoppin, Department of Biological Sciences, Toxicology Building 1104L, Box 7633, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Telephone: 919-515-2918. E-mail:
| | - David M. Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Stephanie J. London
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul K. Henneberger
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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45
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Roux P, Guillien A, Soumagne T, Ritter O, Laplante JJ, Travers C, Dalphin JC, Peiffer G, Laurent L, Degano B. Smoking habits in French farmers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:166. [PMID: 28160776 PMCID: PMC5292143 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Farmers are exposed to multiple air contaminants that may interact with tobacco smoking in the development of respiratory diseases. Farmers are currently considered to smoke less than non-farmers, but precise data in different categories of age and farming activities are lacking. Methods Smoking habits were studied in a cross-sectional study involving 4105 farmers and 996 non-farming controls aged 40–74 years in 9 French departments between October 2012 and May 2013. Three age groups were defined (40–54, 55–64 and 65-74years). Farmers were divided into four activity groups, namely cattle breeders, livestock farmers working in confined spaces, crop farmers and others. Smoking prevalence was compared between farmers and controls, and odds ratios (ORs) for smoking adjusted for age were calculated. Results The adjusted OR for ever-smoking was lower among farmers than among non-farmers in all age categories, but the ORs for current smoking were similar in farmers and controls. Smoking prevalence varied according to the type of farming activity, and was lower than in non-farming controls only among cattle breeders and confined livestock farmers. In farmers, the proportion of smokers was higher in the youngest age categories compared with the older age classes. Conclusions Our results confirm that the prevalence of ever-smokers is lower in farmers than in non-farmers. Nevertheless, our data show that active smoking prevalence is similar in farmers and in non-farmers. This suggests that farmers, just like non-farmers, should be targeted by primary prevention campaigns against smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Roux
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Besançon, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Lucie Laurent
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France.,Service de Pneumologie, CHRU, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Degano
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France. .,EA 3920, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France. .,Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon Cedex, 25030, France.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Elliott
- Walden University, College of Health Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA Epi-Stat Consulting, Fairview, NC, USA
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47
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Hedelin AS, Sundblad BM, Sahlander K, Wilkinson K, Seisenbaeva G, Kessler V, Larsson K, Palmberg L. Comparing human respiratory adverse effects after acute exposure to particulate matter in conventional and particle-reduced swine building environments. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:648-55. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lopez-Campos JL, Marquez-Martin E, Soriano JB. The role of air pollution in COPD and implications for therapy. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:849-59. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1191356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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49
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Brouwer M, Schinasi L, Beane Freeman LE, Baldi I, Lebailly P, Ferro G, Nordby KC, Schüz J, Leon ME, Kromhout H. Assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides in a pooled analysis of agricultural cohorts within the AGRICOH consortium. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:359-67. [PMID: 27009271 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes methods developed to assess occupational exposure to pesticide active ingredients and chemical groups, harmonised across cohort studies included in the first AGRICOH pooling project, focused on the risk of lymph-haematological malignancies. METHODS Three prospective agricultural cohort studies were included: US Agricultural Health Study (AHS), French Agriculture and Cancer Study (AGRICAN) and Cancer in the Norwegian Agricultural Population (CNAP). Self-reported pesticide use was collected in AHS. Crop-exposure matrices (CEMs) were developed for AGRICAN and CNAP. We explored the potential impact of these differences in exposure assessment by comparing a CEM approach estimating exposure in AHS with self-reported pesticide use. RESULTS In AHS, 99% of participants were considered exposed to pesticides, 68% in AGRICAN and 63% in CNAP. For all cohorts combined (n=316 270), prevalence of exposure ranged from 19% to 59% for 14 chemical groups examined, and from 13% to 46% for 33 active ingredients. Exposures were highly correlated within AGRICAN and CNAP where CEMs were applied; they were less correlated in AHS. Poor agreement was found between self-reported pesticide use and assigned exposure in AHS using a CEM approach resembling the assessment for AGRICAN (κ -0.00 to 0.33) and CNAP (κ -0.01 to 0.14). CONCLUSIONS We developed country-specific CEMs to assign occupational exposure to pesticides in cohorts lacking self-reported data on the use of specific pesticides. The different exposure assessment methods applied may overestimate or underestimate actual exposure prevalence, and additional work is needed to better estimate how far the exposure estimates deviate from reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Brouwer
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leah Schinasi
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Laboratoire Santé Travail Environnement, ISPED, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, ISPED, INSERM, Bordeaux, France Service de Médecine du Travail, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- UMR1086-Cancers et Préventions, INSERM, Caen, France Cancers et Préventions, IFR146 ICORE, Université Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Gilles Ferro
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Karl-Christian Nordby
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria E Leon
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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High prevalence of obstructive lung disease in non-smoking farmers: The Irish farmers lung health study. Respir Med 2016; 115:13-9. [PMID: 27215498 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rates within the Irish farming community are increasing, whilst that of the general population falls. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory disease amongst Irish farmers. METHODS All study participants were farming volunteers attending an agricultural exhibition. Data collected by questionnaire included baseline demographics, respiratory history, presence of respiratory symptoms and occupational exposures. Spirometry was performed on all participants. RESULTS Data from 372 farmers was analysed. The majority were male (76%) with median age of 55 years. 61% were never smokers. 13% were previously diagnosed with airway disease (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)/Asthma/Inhaler use) with 14% reporting hayfever/allergies. Almost two-thirds reported one or more chronic respiratory symptom. Forty-four (12%) had obstructive spirometry using fixed FEV1/FVC < 0.70 criterion and 29 (7.8%) using FEV1/FVC < 5% lower limit of normal. The majority, two-thirds, were never smokers. Amongst never smokers with obstruction (13%), there was a significantly higher proportion with a prior diagnosis of airway disease and hayfever/allergies. There was no significant association between specific occupational exposures and obstruction. CONCLUSION The majority of Irish farmers are never smokers. They have a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms. 13% of never smokers have airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 0.70). The presence of airflow obstruction is significantly associated with self-reported allergy history and prior airway disease. Further studies are needed to identify the workplace factors accounting for these findings.
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