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Atsoniou K, Giannopoulou E, Georganta EM, Skoulakis EMC. Drosophila Contributions towards Understanding Neurofibromatosis 1. Cells 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 38667335 PMCID: PMC11048932 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a multisymptomatic disorder with highly variable presentations, which include short stature, susceptibility to formation of the characteristic benign tumors known as neurofibromas, intense freckling and skin discoloration, and cognitive deficits, which characterize most children with the condition. Attention deficits and Autism Spectrum manifestations augment the compromised learning presented by most patients, leading to behavioral problems and school failure, while fragmented sleep contributes to chronic fatigue and poor quality of life. Neurofibromin (Nf1) is present ubiquitously during human development and postnatally in most neuronal, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cells. Evidence largely from animal models including Drosophila suggests that the symptomatic variability may reflect distinct cell-type-specific functions of the protein, which emerge upon its loss, or mutations affecting the different functional domains of the protein. This review summarizes the contributions of Drosophila in modeling multiple NF1 manifestations, addressing hypotheses regarding the cell-type-specific functions of the protein and exploring the molecular pathways affected upon loss of the highly conserved fly homolog dNf1. Collectively, work in this model not only has efficiently and expediently modelled multiple aspects of the condition and increased understanding of its behavioral manifestations, but also has led to pharmaceutical strategies towards their amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Atsoniou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Athens, Greece; (K.A.); (E.G.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Giannopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Athens, Greece; (K.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Eirini-Maria Georganta
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Athens, Greece; (K.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Efthimios M. C. Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Athens, Greece; (K.A.); (E.G.)
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郑 婷, 朱 倍, 王 智, 李 青. [Gene therapy strategies and prospects for neurofibromatosis type 1]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2024; 38:1-8. [PMID: 38225833 PMCID: PMC10796236 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202309071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the gene therapy strategies for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and related research progress. Methods The recent literature on gene therapy for NF1 at home and abroad was reviewed. The structure and function of the NF1 gene and its mutations were analyzed, and the current status as well as future prospects of the transgenic therapy and gene editing strategies were summarized. Results NF1 is an autosomal dominantly inherited tumor predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which impair the function of the neurofibromin and lead to the disease. It has complex clinical manifestations and is not yet curable. Gene therapy strategies for NF1 are still in the research and development stage. Existing studies on the transgenic therapy for NF1 have mainly focused on the construction and expression of the GTPase-activating protein-related domain in cells that lack of functional neurofibromin, confirming the feasibility of the transgenic therapy for NF1. Future research may focus on split adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery, oversized AAV gene delivery, and the development of new vectors for targeted delivery of full-length NF1 cDNA. In addition, the gene editing tools of the new generation have great potential to treat monogenic genetic diseases such as NF1, but need to be further validated in terms of efficiency and safety. Conclusion Gene therapy, including both the transgenic therapy and gene editing, is expected to become an important new therapeutic approach for NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 婷婷 郑
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整复外科(上海 200011)Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病诊疗中心(上海 200011)Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - 倍瑶 朱
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整复外科(上海 200011)Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病诊疗中心(上海 200011)Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - 智超 王
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整复外科(上海 200011)Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病诊疗中心(上海 200011)Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - 青峰 李
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整复外科(上海 200011)Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
- 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病诊疗中心(上海 200011)Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
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Hou Y, Wu X, Allen T, Toledo-Tamula MA, Martin S, Gillespie A, Goodwin A, Widemann BC, Wolters PL. Longitudinal association between executive function and academic achievement in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:839-849. [PMID: 36750981 PMCID: PMC10695331 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how executive functioning (EF) relates to academic achievement longitudinally in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) and whether age at baseline moderates this relationship. METHOD Participants included 88 children with NF1 and PNs (ages 6-18 years old, M = 12.05, SD = 3.62, 50 males) enrolled in a natural history study. Neuropsychological assessments were administered three times over 6 years. EF (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and attention) was assessed by performance-based (PB) and parent-reported (PR) measures. Multilevel growth modeling was used to examine how EF at baseline related to initial levels and changes in broad math, reading, and writing across time, controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS The relationship between EF and academic achievement varied across EF and academic domains. Cognitive flexibility (PB) uniquely explained more variances in initial math, reading, and writing scores; working memory (PB) uniquely explained more variances in initial levels of reading and writing. The associations between EF and academic achievement tended to remain consistent across age groups with one exception: Lower initial levels of inhibitory control (PR) were related to a greater decline in reading scores. This pattern was more evident among younger (versus older) children. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the heterogeneous nature of academic development in NF1 and that EF skills could help explain the within-group variability in this population. Routine cognitive/academic monitoring via comprehensive assessments and early targeted treatments consisting of medication and/or systematic cognitive interventions are important to evaluate for improving academic performance in children with NF1 and PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University
| | - Taryn Allen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Staci Martin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Andy Gillespie
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Anne Goodwin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Pamela L. Wolters
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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Lee TSJ, Chopra M, Kim RH, Parkin PC, Barnett-Tapia C. Incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:292. [PMID: 37710322 PMCID: PMC10500831 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a systematic search of NF1 and NF2 incidence or prevalence studies, in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl. Studies were appraised with the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal tool. Pooled incidence and prevalence rates were estimated through random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS From 1,939 abstracts, 20 studies were fully appraised and 12 were included in the final review. Pooled NF1 prevalence was 1 in 3,164 (95%CI: 1 in 2,132-1 in 4,712). This was higher in studies that screened for NF1, compared to identification of NF1 through medical records (1 in 2,020 and 1 in 4,329, respectively). NF1 pooled birth incidence was 1 in 2,662 (95%CI: 1 in 1,968-1 in 3,601). There were only 2 studies on NF2 prevalence, so data were not pooled. Pooled NF2 birth incidence was 1.08 per 50,000 births (95%CI: 1 in 32,829-1 in 65,019). CONCLUSION We present updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of NF1 and NF2, to help plan for healthcare access and allocation. The prevalence of NF1 from screening studies is higher than from medical record studies, suggesting that the disease may be under recognized. More studies are needed regarding the prevalence of NF2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Chopra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond H Kim
- Elisabeth Raab Neurofibromatosis Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, 5EC-334, Canada
| | - Carolina Barnett-Tapia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Elisabeth Raab Neurofibromatosis Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Plasticity of visual evoked potentials in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 142:220-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Walsh KS, Wolters PL, Widemann BC, Del Castillo A, Sady MD, Inker T, Roderick MC, Martin S, Toledo-Tamula MA, Struemph K, Paltin I, Collier V, Mullin K, Fisher MJ, Packer RJ. Impact of MEK Inhibitor Therapy on Neurocognitive Functioning in NF1. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e616. [PMID: 34377779 PMCID: PMC8351286 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated cognitive impairments carry significant lifelong morbidity. The lack of targeted biologic treatments remains a significant unmet need. We examine changes in cognition in patients with NF1 in the first 48 weeks of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor (MEKi) treatment. Methods Fifty-nine patients with NF1 aged 5–27 years on an MEKi clinical trial treating plexiform neurofibroma underwent pretreatment and follow-up cognitive assessments over 48 weeks of treatment. Performance tasks (Cogstate) and observer-reported functioning (BRIEF) were the primary outcomes. Group-level (paired t tests) and individual-level analyses (Reliable Change Index, RCI) were used. Results Analysis showed statistically significant improvements on BRIEF compared with baseline (24-week Behavioral Regulation Index: t(58) = 3.03, p = 0.004, d = 0.24; 48-week Metacognition Index: t(39) = 2.70, p = 0.01, d = 0.27). RCI indicated that more patients had clinically significant improvement at 48 weeks than expected by chance (χ2 = 11.95, p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 6.3). Group-level analyses indicated stable performance on Cogstate (p > 0.05). RCI statistics showed high proportions of improved working memory (24-week χ2 = 8.36, p = 0.004, OR = 4.6, and 48-week χ2 = 9.34, p = 0.004, OR = 5.3) but not visual learning/memory. Patients with baseline impairments on BRIEF were more likely to show significant improvement than nonimpaired patients (24 weeks 46% vs 8%; χ2 = 9.54, p = 0.008, OR = 9.22; 48 weeks 63% vs 16%; χ2 = 7.50, p = 0.02, OR = 9.0). Discussion Our data show no evidence of neurotoxicity in 48 weeks of treatment with an MEKi and a potential clinical signal supporting future research of MEKi as a cognitive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Walsh
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Allison Del Castillo
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Maegan D Sady
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Tess Inker
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Marie Claire Roderick
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Staci Martin
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Mary Anne Toledo-Tamula
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Kari Struemph
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Iris Paltin
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Victoria Collier
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Kathy Mullin
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
| | - Roger J Packer
- Children's National Medical Center (K.S.W., A.C., M.D.S., T.I., R.J.P.), Washington, DC; National Cancer Institute (P.L.W., B.C.W., M.C.R., S.M., K.S.), Bethesda, MD; Clinical Research Directorate (M.A.T.-T.), Frederick National Library for Cancer Research, MD; and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (I.P., V.C., K.M., M.J.F.), Philadelphia
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Tiwari A, Rahi S, Mehan S. Elucidation of Abnormal Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling and Associations with Syndromic and Non-syndromic Autism. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1071-1086. [PMID: 33081671 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201020155010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a highly inherited and extremely complex disorder in which results from various cases indicate chromosome anomalies, unusual single-gene mutations, and multiplicative effects of particular gene variants, characterized primarily by impaired speech and social interaction and restricted behavior. The precise etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently unclear. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling mechanism affects neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity during the development of the central nervous mechanism. In this regard, the pathway of ERK has recently gained significant interest in the pathogenesis of ASD. The mutation occurs in a few ERK components. Besides, the ERK pathway dysfunction lies in the upstream of modified translation and contributes to synapse pathology in syndromic types of autism. In this review, we highlight the ERK pathway as a target for neurodevelopmental disorder autism. In addition, we summarize the regulation of the ERK pathway with ERK inhibitors in neurological disorders. In conclusion, a better understanding of the ERK signaling pathway provides a range of therapeutic options for autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Tiwari
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Rahi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Georganta EM, Moressis A, Skoulakis EMC. Associative Learning Requires Neurofibromin to Modulate GABAergic Inputs to Drosophila Mushroom Bodies. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5274-5286. [PMID: 33972401 PMCID: PMC8211548 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1605-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is among the hallmark symptoms of Neurofibromatosis 1, and accordingly, loss of the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of Neurofibromin 1 (dNf1) precipitates associative learning deficits. However, the affected circuitry in the adult CNS remained unclear and the compromised mechanisms debatable. Although the main evolutionarily conserved function attributed to Nf1 is to inactivate Ras, decreased cAMP signaling on its loss has been thought to underlie impaired learning. Using mixed sex populations, we determine that dNf1 loss results in excess GABAergic signaling to the central for associative learning mushroom body (MB) neurons, apparently suppressing learning. dNf1 is necessary and sufficient for learning within these non-MB neurons, as a dAlk and Ras1-dependent, but PKA-independent modulator of GABAergic neurotransmission. Surprisingly, we also uncovered and discuss a postsynaptic Ras1-dependent, but dNf1-independnet signaling within the MBs that apparently responds to presynaptic GABA levels and contributes to the learning deficit of the mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Maria Georganta
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Anastasios Moressis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" Vari, 16672, Greece
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N Abdel-Aziz N, Y El-Kamah G, A Khairat R, R Mohamed H, Z Gad Y, El-Ghor AM, Amr KS. Mutational spectrum of NF1 gene in 24 unrelated Egyptian families with neurofibromatosis type 1. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1631. [PMID: 34080803 PMCID: PMC8683698 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1; OMIM# 162200) is a common autosomal dominant genetic disease [incidence: ~1:3500]. In 95% of cases, clinical diagnosis of the disease is based on the presence of at least two of the seven National Institute of Health diagnostic criteria. The molecular pathology underlying this disorder entails mutation in the NF1 gene. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and molecular characteristics of a cohort of Egyptian NF1 patients. Method This study included 35 clinically diagnosed NF1 patients descending from 25 unrelated families. Patients had ≥2 NIH diagnostic criteria. Examination of NF1 gene was done through direct cDNA sequencing of multiple overlapping fragments. This was supplemented by NF1 multiple ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis of leucocytic DNA. Results The clinical presentations encompassed, café‐au‐lait spots in 100% of probands, freckling (52%), neurofibromas (20%), Lisch nodules of the iris (12%), optic pathway glioma (8%), typical skeletal disorders (20%), and positive family history (32%). Mutations could be detected in 24 families (96%). Eight mutations (33%) were novel. Conclusion This study illustrates the underlying molecular pathology among Egyptian NF1 patients for the first time. It also reports on 8 novel mutation expanding pathogenic mutational spectra in the NF1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla N Abdel-Aziz
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Y El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Khairat
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan R Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehia Z Gad
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akmal M El-Ghor
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalda S Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Begum-Ali J, Kolesnik-Taylor A, Quiroz I, Mason L, Garg S, Green J, Johnson MH, Jones EJH. Early differences in auditory processing relate to Autism Spectrum Disorder traits in infants with Neurofibromatosis Type I. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:22. [PMID: 34049498 PMCID: PMC8161667 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory modulation difficulties are common in children with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and could contribute to other social and non-social symptoms. Positing a causal role for sensory processing differences requires observing atypical sensory reactivity prior to the emergence of other symptoms, which can be achieved through prospective studies. METHODS In this longitudinal study, we examined auditory repetition suppression and change detection at 5 and 10 months in infants with and without Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), a condition associated with higher likelihood of developing ASD. RESULTS In typically developing infants, suppression to vowel repetition and enhanced responses to vowel/pitch change decreased with age over posterior regions, becoming more frontally specific; age-related change was diminished in the NF1 group. Whilst both groups detected changes in vowel and pitch, the NF1 group were largely slower to show a differentiated neural response. Auditory responses did not relate to later language, but were related to later ASD traits. CONCLUSIONS These findings represent the first demonstration of atypical brain responses to sounds in infants with NF1 and suggest they may relate to the likelihood of later ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannath Begum-Ali
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Anna Kolesnik-Taylor
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabel Quiroz
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Luke Mason
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Shruti Garg
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Green
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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11
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Kim SG, Lee S, Kim Y, Park J, Woo D, Kim D, Li Y, Shin W, Kang H, Yook C, Lee M, Kim K, Roh JD, Ryu J, Jung H, Um SM, Yang E, Kim H, Han J, Heo WD, Kim E. Tanc2-mediated mTOR inhibition balances mTORC1/2 signaling in the developing mouse brain and human neurons. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2695. [PMID: 33976205 PMCID: PMC8113471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR signaling, involving mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, critically regulates neural development and is implicated in various brain disorders. However, we do not fully understand all of the upstream signaling components that can regulate mTOR signaling, especially in neurons. Here, we show a direct, regulated inhibition of mTOR by Tanc2, an adaptor/scaffolding protein with strong neurodevelopmental and psychiatric implications. While Tanc2-null mice show embryonic lethality, Tanc2-haploinsufficient mice survive but display mTORC1/2 hyperactivity accompanying synaptic and behavioral deficits reversed by mTOR-inhibiting rapamycin. Tanc2 interacts with and inhibits mTOR, which is suppressed by mTOR-activating serum or ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant. Tanc2 and Deptor, also known to inhibit mTORC1/2 minimally affecting neurodevelopment, distinctly inhibit mTOR in early- and late-stage neurons. Lastly, Tanc2 inhibits mTORC1/2 in human neural progenitor cells and neurons. In summary, our findings show that Tanc2 is a mTORC1/2 inhibitor affecting neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Gyun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suho Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yangsik Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jieun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Doyeon Woo
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dayeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chaehyun Yook
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Jeseung Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Min Um
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinju Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won Do Heo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
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12
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Borrie SC, Horner AE, Yoshimura A, Legius E, Kopanitsa MV, Brems H. Impaired instrumental learning in Spred1 -/- mice, a model for a rare RASopathy. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12727. [PMID: 33624414 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies are neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous disorders stemming from mutations in genes regulating the RAS-MAPK pathway. Legius syndrome is a rare RASopathy disorder caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. SPRED1 protein negatively regulates activation of Ras by inhibiting RAS/RAF and by its interaction with neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase-activating protein (RAS-GAP). Cognitive impairments have been reported in Legius syndrome as well as in other RASopathy disorders. Modelling these cognitive deficits in a Spred1 mouse model for Legius syndrome has demonstrated spatial learning and memory deficits, but other cognitive domains remained unexplored. Here, we attempted to utilize a cognitive touchscreen battery to investigate if Spred1-/- mice exhibit deficits in other cognitive domains. We show that Spred1-/- mice had heterogeneous performance in instrumental operant learning, with a large subgroup (n = 9/20) failing to reach the standard criterion on touchscreen operant pretraining, precluding further cognitive testing. To examine whether targeting the RAS-MAPK signalling pathway could rescue these cognitive impairments, Spred1-/- mice were acutely treated with the clinically relevant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD325901. However, MEK inhibition did not improve their instrumental learning. We conclude that Spred1-/- mice can model severe cognitive impairments that cannot be reversed in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Borrie
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Weiss BD, Wolters PL, Plotkin SR, Widemann BC, Tonsgard JH, Blakeley J, Allen JC, Schorry E, Korf B, Robison NJ, Goldman S, Vinks AA, Emoto C, Fukuda T, Robinson CT, Cutter G, Edwards L, Dombi E, Ratner N, Packer R, Fisher MJ. NF106: A Neurofibromatosis Clinical Trials Consortium Phase II Trial of the MEK Inhibitor Mirdametinib (PD-0325901) in Adolescents and Adults With NF1-Related Plexiform Neurofibromas. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:797-806. [PMID: 33507822 PMCID: PMC8078274 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) frequently develop plexiform neurofibromas (PNs), which can cause significant morbidity. We performed a phase II trial of the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor, mirdametinib (PD-0325901), in patients with NF1 and inoperable PNs. The primary objective was response rate based on volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Korf
- University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Chie Emoto
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | - Gary Cutter
- University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Eva Dombi
- NCI, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD
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14
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Lang GT, Shi JX, Huang L, Cao AY, Zhang CH, Song CG, Zhuang ZG, Hu X, Huang W, Shao ZM. Multiple cancer susceptible genes sequencing in BRCA-negative breast cancer with high hereditary risk. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1417. [PMID: 33313162 PMCID: PMC7723566 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary factors contributed to breast cancer susceptibility. Low BRCA mutation prevalence was demonstrated in previous BRCA mutation screening in Chinese breast cancer patients. Multiple-gene sequencing may assist in discovering detrimental germline mutation in BRCA negative breast cancers. Methods A total of 384 Chinese subjects with any two of high-risk factors were recruited and screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for 30 cancer susceptible genes. Variants with a truncating, initiation codon or splice donor/acceptor effect, or with pathogenicity demonstrated in published literature were classified into pathogenic/likely-pathogenic mutations. Results In total, we acquired 39 (10.2%) patients with pathogenic/likely-pathogenic germline mutations, including one carrying two distinct mutations. Major mutant non-BRCA genes were MUTYH (n=11, 2.9%), PTCH1 (n=7, 1.8%), RET (n=6, 1.6%) and PALB2 (n=5, 1.3%). Other mutant genes included TP53 (n=3, 0.8%), RAD51D (n=2, 0.5%), CHEK2 (n=1, 0.3%), BRIP1 (n=1, 0.3%), CDH1 (n=1, 0.3%), MRE11 (n=1, 0.3%), RAD50 (n=1, 0.3%) and PALLD (n=1, 0.3%). A splicing germline mutation, MUTYH c.934-2A>G, was a hotspot (9/384, 2.3%) in Chinese breast cancer. Conclusions Among BRCA-negative breast cancer patients with high hereditary risk in China, 10.2% carried mutations in cancer associated susceptibility genes. MUTYH and PTCH1 had relatively high mutation rates (2.9% and 1.8%). Multigene testing contributes to understand genetic background of BRCA-negative breast cancer patients with high hereditary risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Tian Lang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - A-Yong Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Hui Zhang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Gui Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhuang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute (SITI), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Neuron type-specific expression of a mutant KRAS impairs hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17730. [PMID: 33082413 PMCID: PMC7575532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are associated with rare cases of neurodevelopmental disorders that can cause intellectual disabilities. Previous studies showed that mice expressing a mutant KRAS have impaired the development and function of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which may contribute to behavioural deficits in the mutant mice. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms and the role of excitatory neurons in these behavioural deficits in adults are not fully understood. Herein, we report that neuron type-specific expression of a constitutively active mutant KRASG12V in either excitatory or inhibitory neurons resulted in spatial memory deficits in adult mice. In inhibitory neurons, KRASG12V induced ERK activation and enhanced GABAergic synaptic transmission. Expressing KRASG12V in inhibitory neurons also impaired long-term potentiation in the hippocampal Shaffer-collateral pathway, which could be rescued by picrotoxin treatment. In contrast, KRASG12V induced ERK activation and neuronal cell death in excitatory neurons, which might have contributed to the severe behavioural deficits. Our results showed that both excitatory and inhibitory neurons are involved in mutant KRAS-associated learning deficits in adults via distinct cellular mechanisms.
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16
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Castricum J, Tulen JHM, Taal W, Ottenhoff MJ, Kushner SA, Elgersma Y. Motor cortical excitability and plasticity in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:2673-2681. [PMID: 32977190 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is associated with cognitive disabilities. Based on studies involving animals, the hypothesized cause of these disabilities results from increased activity of inhibitory interneurons that decreases synaptic plasticity. We obtained transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-based measures of cortical inhibition, excitability and plasticity in individuals with NF1. METHODS We included 32 NF1 adults and 32 neurotypical controls. Cortical inhibition was measured with short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and cortical silent period (CSP). Excitability and plasticity were studied with intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). RESULTS The SICI and CSP response did not differ between NF1 adults and controls. The response upon iTBS induction was significantly increased in controls (70%) and in NF1 adults (83%). This potentiation lasted longer in controls than in individuals with NF1. Overall, the TMS response was significantly lower in NF1 patients (F(1, 41) = 7.552, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with NF1 may have reduced excitability and plasticity, as indicated by their lower TMS response and attenuation of the initial potentiated response upon iTBS induction. However, our findings did not provide evidence for increased inhibition in NF1 patients. SIGNIFICANCE These findings have potential utility as neurophysiological outcome measures for intervention studies to treat cognitive deficits associated with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesminne Castricum
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joke H M Tulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Taal
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe J Ottenhoff
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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17
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Baudou E, Nemmi F, Biotteau M, Maziero S, Assaiante C, Cignetti F, Vaugoyeau M, Audic F, Peran P, Chaix Y. Are morphological and structural MRI characteristics related to specific cognitive impairments in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) children? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:89-100. [PMID: 32893091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NF1 children have cognitive disorders, especially in executive functions, visuospatial, and language domains, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS A correlation study was performed from neuropsychological assessments and brain MRIs of 38 NF1 patients and 42 controls, all right-handed, aged 8-12 years and matched in age and gender. The most discriminating neuropsychological tests were selected to assess their visuospatial, metaphonological and visuospatial working memory abilities. The MRI analyses focused on the presence and location of Unidentified Bright Objects (UBOs) (1), volume analysis (2) and diffusion analysis (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) (3) of the regions of interest including subcortical structures and posterior fossa, as well as shape analysis of subcortical structures (4). The level of attention, intelligence quotient, age and gender of the patients were taken into account in the statistical analysis. Then, we studied how diffusion and volumes parameters were associated with neuropsychological characteristics in NF1 children. RESULTS NF1 children present different brain imaging characteristics compared to the control such as (1) UBOs in 68%, (2) enlarged total intracranial volume, involving all subcortical structures, especially thalamus, (3) increased MD and decreased FA in thalamus, corpus callosum and hippocampus. These alterations are diffuse, without shape involvement. In NF1 group, brain microstructure is all the more altered that volumes are enlarged. However, we fail to find a link between these brain characteristics and neurocognitive scores. CONCLUSION While NF1 patients have obvious pathological brain characteristics, the neuronal substrates of their cognitive deficits are still not fully understood, perhaps due to complex and multiple pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder, as suggested by the heterogeneity observed in our study. However, our results are compatible with an interpretation of NF1 as a diffuse white matter disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Baudou
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.
| | - Federico Nemmi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Maëlle Biotteau
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Stéphanie Maziero
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Vaugoyeau
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frederique Audic
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU, Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Peran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
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18
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Cui XW, Ren JY, Gu YH, Li QF, Wang ZC. NF1, Neurofibromin and Gene Therapy: Prospects of Next-Generation Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 20:100-108. [PMID: 32767931 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200806111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1] is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting multiple organs. NF1 is well known for its various clinical manifestations, including café-au-late macules, Lisch nodules, bone deformity and neurofibromas. However, there is no effective therapy for NF1. Current therapies are aimed at alleviating NF1 clinical symptoms but not curing the disease. By altering pathogenic genes, gene therapy regulates cell activities at the nucleotide level. In this review, we described the structure and functions of neurofibromin domains, including GAP-related domain [GRD], cysteine-serine rich domain [CSRD], leucine-rich domain [LRD] and C-terminal domain [CTD], which respectively alter downstream pathways. By transfecting isolated sequences of these domains, researchers can partially restore normal cell functions in neurofibroma cell lines. Furthermore, recombinant transgene sequences may be designed to encode truncated proteins, which is functional and easy to be packaged into viral vectors. In addition, the treatment effect of gene therapy is also determined by various factors such as the vectors selection, transgene packaging strategies and drug administration. We summarized multiple NF1 gene therapy strategies and discussed their feasibility from multiple angles. Different protein domains alter the function and downstream pathways of neurofibromin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wei Cui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie-Yi Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi-Hui Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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19
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Hou Y, Allen T, Wolters PL, Toledo-Tamula MA, Martin S, Baldwin A, Reda S, Gillespie A, Goodwin A, Widemann BC. Predictors of cognitive development in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:977-984. [PMID: 32052421 PMCID: PMC7332409 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the cognitive development of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas, and identify predictors of cognitive development. METHOD Participants included 88 children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas (50 males, 38 females, aged 6-18y, mean=12y, SD=3y 7mo) on a natural history study at the National Cancer Institute. Neuropsychological assessments (e.g. IQ, academic achievement, attention, and executive functioning) were administered three times over 6 years. RESULTS Relative to normative peers, the total sample of children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas demonstrated significantly lower scores in most cognitive domains and decreasing z-scores over time in math, writing, inhibitory control, and working memory. Children who had parents with (vs without) NF1 were more likely to experience decreased z-scores in performance IQ, reading, writing, attention, and working memory. Higher (vs lower) parental education was related to higher levels of IQ, math, reading, and cognitive flexibility and a slower decrease in math z-scores. Children's sex and the number of NF1 disease-related complications were not related to most cognitive outcomes. INTERPRETATION Children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas are at high risk for cognitive difficulties and declining z-scores in various domains of cognitive functioning over time. The findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the within-group differences in these children and their need for individualized educational plans. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Math, writing, inhibitory control, and working memory scores decreased over time. The proportion of children with clinically significant cognitive deficits increased over time. Parental neurofibromatosis type 1 and low education were related to greater cognitive difficulties in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taryn Allen
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Anne Toledo-Tamula
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Staci Martin
- NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Baldwin
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Reda
- NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andy Gillespie
- NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Goodwin
- NIH Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Interneuron deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders: Implications for disease pathology and interneuron-based therapies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 24:81-88. [PMID: 31870698 PMCID: PMC7152321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Kang M, Lee YS. The impact of RASopathy-associated mutations on CNS development in mice and humans. Mol Brain 2019; 12:96. [PMID: 31752929 PMCID: PMC6873535 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of developmental processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, in the central nervous system (CNS). Germline mutations in the RAS signaling pathway genes are associated with a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively called RASopathy, which includes neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, and Costello syndrome. Most mutations associated with RASopathies increase the activity of the RAS-ERK signaling pathway, and therefore, most individuals with RASopathies share common phenotypes, such as a short stature, heart defects, facial abnormalities, and cognitive impairments, which are often accompanied by abnormal CNS development. Recent studies using mouse models of RASopathies demonstrated that particular mutations associated with each disorder disrupt CNS development in a mutation-specific manner. Here, we reviewed the recent literatures that investigated the developmental role of RASopathy-associated mutations using mutant mice, which provided insights into the specific contribution of RAS-ERK signaling molecules to CNS development and the subsequent impact on cognitive function in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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22
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Haebich KM, Pride NA, Walsh KS, Chisholm A, Rouel M, Maier A, Anderson V, Barton B, Silk T, Korgaonkar M, Seal M, Lami F, Lorenzo J, Williams K, Dabscheck G, Rae CD, Kean M, North KN, Payne JM. Understanding autism spectrum disorder and social functioning in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: protocol for a cross-sectional multimodal study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030601. [PMID: 31558455 PMCID: PMC6773330 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with the single-gene disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) appear to be at an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and exhibit a unique social-cognitive phenotype compared with children with idiopathic ASD. A complete framework is required to better understand autism in NF1, from neurobiological levels through to behavioural and functional outcomes. The primary aims of this study are to establish the frequency of ASD in children with NF1, examine the social cognitive phenotype, investigate the neuropsychological processes contributing to ASD symptoms and poor social functioning in children with NF1, and to investigate novel structural and functional neurobiological markers of ASD and social dysfunction in NF1. The secondary aim of this study is to compare the neuropsychological and neurobiological features of ASD in children with NF1 to a matched group of patients with idiopathic ASD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an international, multisite, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study of children with NF1, idiopathic ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. Participants will be 200 children with NF1 (3-15 years of age), 70 TD participants (3-15 years) and 35 children with idiopathic ASD (7-15 years). Idiopathic ASD and NF1 cases will be matched on age, sex and intelligence. All participants will complete cognitive testing and parents will rate their child's behaviour on standardised questionnaires. Neuroimaging will be completed by a subset of participants aged 7 years and older. Children with NF1 that screen at risk for ASD on the parent-rated Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition will be invited back to complete the Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale 2nd Edition and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised to determine whether they fulfil ASD diagnostic criteria. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has hospital ethics approval and the results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Haebich
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie A Pride
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anita Chisholm
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Rouel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Alice Maier
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Barton
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney Medical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Children's Hospital Education Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Mayuresh Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Lami
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lorenzo
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel Dabscheck
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kean
- Imaging Department, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn N North
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Pei F, Ji M, Zhang F, Sun Y, Zhao Q, Hong Y, Wang X, Tian J, Wang Y. Patients With LR-HPV Infection Have a Distinct Vaginal Microbiota in Comparison With Healthy Controls. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:294. [PMID: 31555603 PMCID: PMC6722871 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a benign epithelium hyperplasia mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is now the second most common viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in China. In total, 90% of CA patients are caused by the low-risk HPV 6 and 11. Aside from low-risk HPV infection there are likely other factors within the local microenvironment that contribute to CA and there has been related research before. In this study, 62 vaginal specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity of the vaginal microbiota was higher and the composition was different with LR-HPV infection. While the relative abundance of dominant Firmicutes was lower, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria phyla were significantly higher; at the genus level Gardnerella, Bifidobacterium, Sneathia, Hydrogenophilus, Burkholderia, and Atopobium were higher. This study firstly confirmed a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the relationship between low-risk HPV infection and vaginal microbiota, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the occurrence and development of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhou
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong LaiBo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyan Pei
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyu Ji
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yatian Hong
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Ryu HH, Kang M, Park J, Park SH, Lee YS. Enriched expression of NF1 in inhibitory neurons in both mouse and human brain. Mol Brain 2019; 12:60. [PMID: 31234911 PMCID: PMC6591896 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in NF1 gene, which encodes a GTPase activating protein for RAS. NF1 affects multiple systems including brain and is highly associated with cognitive deficits such as learning difficulties and attention deficits. Previous studies have suggested that GABAergic inhibitory neuron is the cell type primarily responsible for the learning deficits in mouse models of NF1. However, it is not clear how NF1 mutations selectively affect inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system. In this study, we show that the expression level of Nf1 is significantly higher in inhibitory neurons than in excitatory neurons in mouse hippocampus and cortex by using in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we also found that NF1 is enriched in inhibitory neurons in the human cortex, confirming that the differential expressions of NF1 between two cell types are evolutionarily conserved. Our results suggest that the enriched expression of NF1 in inhibitory neurons may underlie inhibitory neuron-specific deficits in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jinsil Park
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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25
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Genetic enhancement of Ras-ERK pathway does not aggravate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice but prevents the decrease induced by lovastatin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15381. [PMID: 30337665 PMCID: PMC6194127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a close relationship between Ras-ERK1/2 activation in the striatum and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). ERK1/2 activation by L-DOPA takes place through the crosstalk between D1R/AC/PKA/DARPP-32 pathway and NMDA/Ras pathway. Compelling genetic and pharmacological evidence indicates that Ras-ERK1/2 inhibition prevents LID onset and may even revert already established dyskinetic symptoms. However, it is currently unclear whether exacerbation of Ras-ERK1/2 activity in the striatum may further aggravate dyskinesia in experimental animal models. Here we took advantage of two genetic models in which Ras-ERK1/2 signaling is hyperactivated, the Nf1+/− mice, in which the Ras inhibitor neurofibromin is reduced, and the Ras-GRF1 overexpressing (Ras-GRF1 OE) transgenic mice in which a specific neuronal activator of Ras is enhanced. Nf1+/− and Ras-GRF1 OE mice were unilaterally lesioned with 6-OHDA and treated with an escalating L-DOPA dosing regimen. In addition, a subset of Nf1+/− hemi-parkinsonian animals was also co-treated with the Ras inhibitor lovastatin. Our results revealed that Nf1+/− and Ras-GRF1 OE mice displayed similar dyskinetic symptoms to their wild-type counterparts. This observation was confirmed by the lack of differences between mutant and wild-type mice in striatal molecular changes associated to LID (i.e., FosB, and pERK1/2 expression). Interestingly, attenuation of Ras activity with lovastatin does not weaken dyskinetic symptoms in Nf1+/− mice. Altogether, these data suggest that ERK1/2-signaling activation in dyskinetic animals is maximal and does not require further genetic enhancement in the upstream Ras pathway. However, our data also demonstrate that such a genetic enhancement may reduce the efficacy of anti-dyskinetic drugs like lovastatin.
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26
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White matter microstructure of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and its relation to inhibitory control. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1731-1740. [PMID: 27796732 PMCID: PMC5707233 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is commonly associated with deficits in executive functions such as working memory and inhibitory control. A valid biomarker to describe the pathological basis of these deficits in NF1 is not available. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any abnormalities in white matter integrity of the executive function related anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), cingulate bundle (CB), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) may be regarded as a pathological basis for inhibitory control deficits in adolescents with NF1. Sixteen NF1 patients and 32 healthy controls underwent 3 T DTI MRI scanning. Whole brain-, ATR-, CB-, and SLF-white matter integrity were studied using fractional anisotropy, mean (MD), radial, and axial (DA) diffusivity. Correlation analyses between white matter metrics and inhibitory control (as measured with a computerized task) were performed. Also, verbal and performance abilities (IQ-estimates) were assessed and correlated with white matter metrics. Patients showed significant whole brain- and local microstructural pathology when compared to healthy controls in all measures. In NF1-patients, whole-brain (MD: r = .646 and DA: r = .673) and ATR- (r-range: -.405-.771), but not the CB- (r-range: -.307-.472) and SLF- (r-range: -.187-.406) white matter integrity, were correlated with inhibitory control. Verbal and performance abilities were not associated with white matter pathology. In NF1, white matter abnormalities are observed throughout the brain, but damage to the ATR seems specifically, or at least most strongly related to inhibitory control. Future studies should examine whether reduced white matter integrity in other brain regions or tracts is (more strongly) associated with different aspects of the cognitive-behavioral phenotype associated with NF1.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited tumor predisposition syndrome with an incidence of one in 3000-4000 individuals with no currently effective therapies. The NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin, which functions as a negative regulator of RAS. NF1 is a chronic multisystem disorder affecting many different tissues. Due to cell-specific complexities of RAS signaling, therapeutic approaches for NF1 will likely have to focus on a particular tissue and manifestation of the disease. Areas covered: We discuss the multisystem nature of NF1 and the signaling pathways affected due to neurofibromin deficiency. We explore the cell-/tissue-specific molecular and cellular consequences of aberrant RAS signaling in NF1 and speculate on their potential as therapeutic targets for the disease. We discuss recent genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies combined with molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses which have identified several targets for specific NF1 manifestations. We also consider the possibility of patient-specific gene therapy approaches for NF1. Expert opinion: The emergence of NF1 genotype-phenotype correlations, characterization of cell-specific signaling pathways affected in NF1, identification of novel biomarkers, and the development of sophisticated animal models accurately reflecting human pathology will continue to provide opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches to combat this multisystem disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Walker
- a Center for Genomic Medicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- b Division of Cancer and Genetics , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Benke D, Möhler H. Impact on GABA systems in monogenetic developmental CNS disorders: Clues to symptomatic treatment. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:46-55. [PMID: 28764992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies of several single-gene disorders demonstrate that reversing the molecular signaling deficits can result in substantial symptomatic improvements in function. Focusing on the ratio of excitation to inhibition as a potential pathophysiological hallmark, seven single-gene developmental CNS disorders are reviewed which are characterized by a striking dysregulation of neuronal inhibition. Deficits in inhibition and excessive inhibition are found. The examples of developmental disorders encompass Neurofibromatosis type 1, Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, Dravet syndrome including autism-like behavior, NONO-mutation-induced intellectual disability, Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and Congenital nystagmus due to FRMD7 mutations. The phenotype/genotype correlations observed in animal models point to potential treatment options and will continue to inspire clinical research. Three drugs are presently in clinical trials: acamprosate and ganoxolon for Fragile X syndrome and SGS-742 for SSADH deficiency. This article is part of the "Special Issue Dedicated to Norman G. Bowery".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Benke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Drug Discovery Network Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hanns Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8023 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) #162200) is an autosomal dominantly inherited tumour predisposition syndrome. Heritable constitutional mutations in the NF1 gene result in dysregulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway and are causative of NF1. The major known function of the NF1 gene product neurofibromin is to downregulate RAS. NF1 exhibits variable clinical expression and is characterized by benign cutaneous lesions including neurofibromas and café-au-lait macules, as well as a predisposition to various types of malignancy, such as breast cancer and leukaemia. However, acquired somatic mutations in NF1 are also found in a wide variety of malignant neoplasms that are not associated with NF1. Main body Capitalizing upon the availability of next-generation sequencing data from cancer genomes and exomes, we review current knowledge of somatic NF1 mutations in a wide variety of tumours occurring at a number of different sites: breast, colorectum, urothelium, lung, ovary, skin, brain and neuroendocrine tissues, as well as leukaemias, in an attempt to understand their broader role and significance, and with a view ultimately to exploiting this in a diagnostic and therapeutic context. Conclusion As neurofibromin activity is a key to regulating the RAS/MAPK pathway, NF1 mutations are important in the acquisition of drug resistance, to BRAF, EGFR inhibitors, tamoxifen and retinoic acid in melanoma, lung and breast cancers and neuroblastoma. Other curiosities are observed, such as a high rate of somatic NF1 mutation in cutaneous melanoma, lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma and glioblastoma which are not usually associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Somatic NF1 mutations may be critical drivers in multiple cancers. The mutational landscape of somatic NF1 mutations should provide novel insights into our understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer. The identification of high frequency of somatic NF1 mutations in sporadic tumours indicates that neurofibromin is likely to play a critical role in development, far beyond that evident in the tumour predisposition syndrome NF1.
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30
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Walsh KS, Janusz J, Wolters PL, Martin S, Klein-Tasman BP, Toledo-Tamula MA, Thompson HL, Payne JM, Hardy KK, de Blank P, Semerjian C, Gray LS, Solomon SE, Ullrich N. Neurocognitive outcomes in neurofibromatosis clinical trials: Recommendations for the domain of attention. Neurology 2017; 87:S21-30. [PMID: 27527646 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with neurocognitive deficits that can impact everyday functioning of children, adolescents, and adults with this disease. However, there is little agreement regarding measures to use as cognitive endpoints in clinical trials. This article describes the work of the Neurocognitive Committee of the Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis (REiNS) International Collaboration. The goal of this committee is to identify standardized and specific cognitive assessment tools for use in NF clinical trials. The committee first identified cognitive domains relevant to NF1 and prioritized attention as the first domain of focus given prior and current trends in NF1 cognitive clinical trials. Performance measures and behavioral rating questionnaires of attention were reviewed by the group using established criteria to assess patient characteristics, psychometric properties, and feasibility. The highest rated tests underwent side-by-side comparison. The Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler scales was given the highest ratings of the performance measures due to its good psychometrics, feasibility, utility across a wide age range, and extensive use in previous research. The Conners scales achieved the highest ratings of the behavioral questionnaires for similar reasons. Future articles will focus on other cognitive domains, with the ultimate goal of achieving agreement for cognitive endpoints that can be used across NF clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Walsh
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington.
| | - Jennifer Janusz
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Staci Martin
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Bonita P Klein-Tasman
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Mary Anne Toledo-Tamula
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Heather L Thompson
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Jonathan M Payne
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Kristina K Hardy
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Peter de Blank
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Claire Semerjian
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Laura Schaffner Gray
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Sondra E Solomon
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
| | - Nicole Ullrich
- From the Children's National Health System (K.S.W., K.K.H.), The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Children's Hospital Colorado (J.J.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Pediatric Oncology Branch (P.L.W., S.M.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (B.P.K.-T.); Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program (M.A.T.-T.), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI at Frederick, MD; California State University (H.L.T.), Sacramento; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P.), Victoria, Australia; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (P.d.B.), Cleveland, OH; Roosevelt University (C.S.), Chicago, IL; Boston Children's Hospital (L.S.G., N.U.), MA; and University of Vermont (S.E.S.), Burlington
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31
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Emerging genotype-phenotype relationships in patients with large NF1 deletions. Hum Genet 2017; 136:349-376. [PMID: 28213670 PMCID: PMC5370280 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent recurring mutations in neurofibromatosis type 1
(NF1) are large deletions encompassing the NF1
gene and its flanking regions (NF1
microdeletions). The majority of these deletions encompass 1.4-Mb and are associated
with the loss of 14 protein-coding genes and four microRNA genes. Patients with
germline type-1 NF1 microdeletions frequently
exhibit dysmorphic facial features, overgrowth/tall-for-age stature, significant
delay in cognitive development, large hands and feet, hyperflexibility of joints and
muscular hypotonia. Such patients also display significantly more cardiovascular
anomalies as compared with patients without large deletions and often exhibit
increased numbers of subcutaneous, plexiform and spinal neurofibromas as compared
with the general NF1 population. Further, an extremely high burden of internal
neurofibromas, characterised by >3000 ml tumour volume, is encountered
significantly, more frequently, in non-mosaic NF1
microdeletion patients than in NF1 patients lacking such deletions. NF1 microdeletion patients also have an increased risk of
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs); their lifetime MPNST risk is
16–26%, rather higher than that of NF1 patients with intragenic NF1 mutations (8–13%). NF1 microdeletion patients, therefore, represent a high-risk group for
the development of MPNSTs, tumours which are very aggressive and difficult to treat.
Co-deletion of the SUZ12 gene in addition to
NF1 further increases the MPNST risk in
NF1 microdeletion patients. Here, we summarise
current knowledge about genotype–phenotype relationships in NF1 microdeletion patients and discuss the potential role of the genes
located within the NF1 microdeletion interval
whose haploinsufficiency may contribute to the more severe clinical
phenotype.
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32
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Xie K, Colgan LA, Dao MT, Muntean BS, Sutton LP, Orlandi C, Boye SL, Boye SE, Shih CC, Li Y, Xu B, Smith RG, Yasuda R, Martemyanov KA. NF1 Is a Direct G Protein Effector Essential for Opioid Signaling to Ras in the Striatum. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2992-3003. [PMID: 27773571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can activate Ras-regulated kinase pathways to produce lasting changes in neuronal function. Mechanisms by which GPCRs transduce these signals and their relevance to brain disorders are not well understood. Here, we identify a major Ras regulator, neurofibromin 1 (NF1), as a direct effector of GPCR signaling via Gβγ subunits in the striatum. We find that binding of Gβγ to NF1 inhibits its ability to inactivate Ras. Deletion of NF1 in striatal neurons prevents the opioid-receptor-induced activation of Ras and eliminates its coupling to Akt-mTOR-signaling pathway. By acting in the striatal medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway, NF1 regulates opioid-induced changes in Ras activity, thereby sensitizing mice to psychomotor and rewarding effects of morphine. These results delineate a novel mechanism of GPCR signaling to Ras pathways and establish a critical role of NF1 in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Lesley A Colgan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Maria T Dao
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Laurie P Sutton
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sanford L Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chien-Cheng Shih
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Baoji Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Roy G Smith
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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33
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Petrella LI, Cai Y, Sereno JV, Gonçalves SI, Silva AJ, Castelo-Branco M. Brain and behaviour phenotyping of a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type-1: an MRI/DTI study on social cognition. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:637-46. [PMID: 27283753 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) is a common neurogenetic disorder and an important cause of intellectual disability. Brain-behaviour associations can be examined in vivo using morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study brain structure. Here, we studied structural and behavioural phenotypes in heterozygous Nf1 mice (Nf1(+/-) ) using T2-weighted imaging MRI and DTI, with a focus on social recognition deficits. We found that Nf1(+/-) mice have larger volumes than wild-type (WT) mice in regions of interest involved in social cognition, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the caudate-putamen (CPu). Higher diffusivity was found across a distributed network of cortical and subcortical brain regions, within and beyond these regions. Significant differences were observed for the social recognition test. Most importantly, significant structure-function correlations were identified concerning social recognition performance and PFC volumes in Nf1(+/-) mice. Analyses of spatial learning corroborated the previously known deficits in the mutant mice, as corroborated by platform crossings, training quadrant time and average proximity measures. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis of spatial performance identified 2 separate sub-groups in Nf1(+/-) mice. A significant correlation between quadrant time and CPu volumes was found specifically for the sub-group of Nf1(+/-) mice with lower spatial learning performance, suggesting additional evidence for reorganization of this region. We found strong evidence that social and spatial cognition deficits can be associated with PFC/CPu structural changes and reorganization in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Petrella
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J V Sereno
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S I Gonçalves
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A J Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Castelo-Branco
- Institute of Nuclear Science Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Science (CNC.IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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34
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Costa DDS, de Paula JJ, Alvim-Soares AM, Pereira PA, Malloy-Diniz LF, Rodrigues LOC, Romano-Silva MA, de Miranda DM. COMT Val(158)Met Polymorphism Is Associated with Verbal Working Memory in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:334. [PMID: 27458360 PMCID: PMC4932101 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a neurogenetic disease marked by multiple cognitive and learning problems. Genetic variants may account for phenotypic variance in NF1. Here, we investigated the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(158)Met polymorphism and working memory and arithmetic performance in 50 NF1 individuals. A significant association of the COMT polymorphism was observed only with verbal working memory, as measured by the backward digit-span task with an advantageous performance for Met/Met carriers. To study how genetic modifiers influence NF1 cognitive performance might be of importance to decrease the unpredictability of the cognitive profile among NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle de Souza Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jonas J. de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Alvim-Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular MedicineBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz O. C. Rodrigues
- Neurofibromatosis Outpatient Reference Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Romano-Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular MedicineBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora M. de Miranda
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular MedicineBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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35
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Ryu HH, Lee YS. Cell type-specific roles of RAS-MAPK signaling in learning and memory: Implications in neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:13-21. [PMID: 27296701 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays critical roles in brain function, including learning and memory. Mutations of molecules in the RAS-MAPK pathway are associated with a group of disorders called RASopathies, which include Noonan syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Legius syndrome, and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. RASopathies share certain clinical symptoms, including craniofacial abnormalities, heart defects, delayed growth, and cognitive deficits such as learning disabilities, while each individual syndrome also displays unique phenotypes. Recent studies using mouse models of RASopathies showed that each disorder may have a distinct molecular and cellular etiology depending on the cellular specificity of the mutated molecules. Here, we review the cell-type specific roles of the regulators of the RAS-MAPK pathway in cognitive function (learning and memory) and their contribution to the development of RASopathies. We also discussed recent technical advances in analyzing cell type-specific transcriptomes and proteomes in the nervous system. Understanding specific mechanisms for these similar but distinct disorders would facilitate the development of mechanism-based individualized treatment for RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Bakker AC, La Rosa S, Sherman LS, Knight P, Lee H, Pancza P, Nievo M. Neurofibromatosis as a gateway to better treatment for a variety of malignancies. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 152:149-165. [PMID: 26854064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The neurofibromatoses (NF) are a group of rare genetic disorders that can affect all races equally at an incidence from 1:3000 (NF1) to a log unit lower for NF2 and schwannomatosis. Since the research community is reporting an increasing number of malignant cancers that carry mutations in the NF genes, the general interest of both the research and pharma community is increasing and the authors saw an opportunity to present a novel, fresh approach to drug discovery in NF. The aim of the paper is to challenge the current drug discovery approach to NF, whereby existing targeted therapies that are either in the clinic or on the market for other disease indications are repurposed for NF. We offer a suggestion for an alternative drug discovery approach. In the new approach, selective and tolerable targeted therapies would be developed for NF and later expanded to patients with more complex diseases such as malignant cancer in which the NF downstream pathways are deregulated. The Children's Tumor Foundation, together with some other major NF funders, is playing a key role in funding critical initiatives that will accelerate the development of better targeted therapies for NF patients, while these novel, innovative treatments could potentially be beneficial to molecularly characterized cancer patients in which NF mutations have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette C Bakker
- Children's Tumor Foundation, 120, Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York 10005, United States
| | - Salvatore La Rosa
- Children's Tumor Foundation, 120, Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York 10005, United States
| | - Larry S Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States
| | - Pamela Knight
- Children's Tumor Foundation, 120, Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York 10005, United States
| | - Hyerim Lee
- Children's Tumor Foundation, 120, Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York 10005, United States
| | - Patrice Pancza
- Children's Tumor Foundation, 120, Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York 10005, United States
| | - Marco Nievo
- Children's Tumor Foundation, 120, Wall Street, 16th Floor, New York 10005, United States.
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37
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Xing L, Larsen RS, Bjorklund GR, Li X, Wu Y, Philpot BD, Snider WD, Newbern JM. Layer specific and general requirements for ERK/MAPK signaling in the developing neocortex. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26848828 PMCID: PMC4758957 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling through the Raf/MEK/ERK (ERK/MAPK) pathway causes pathology in a family of neurodevelopmental disorders known as 'RASopathies' and is implicated in autism pathogenesis. Here, we have determined the functions of ERK/MAPK signaling in developing neocortical excitatory neurons. Our data reveal a critical requirement for ERK/MAPK signaling in the morphological development and survival of large Ctip2+ neurons in layer 5. Loss of Map2k1/2 (Mek1/2) led to deficits in corticospinal tract formation and subsequent corticospinal neuron apoptosis. ERK/MAPK hyperactivation also led to reduced corticospinal axon elongation, but was associated with enhanced arborization. ERK/MAPK signaling was dispensable for axonal outgrowth of layer 2/3 callosal neurons. However, Map2k1/2 deletion led to reduced expression of Arc and enhanced intrinsic excitability in both layers 2/3 and 5, in addition to imbalanced synaptic excitation and inhibition. These data demonstrate selective requirements for ERK/MAPK signaling in layer 5 circuit development and general effects on cortical pyramidal neuron excitability. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11123.001 In the nervous system, cells called neurons form networks that relay information in the form of electrical signals around the brain and the rest of the body. Typically, an electrical signal travels from branch-like structures at one end of the cell, through the cell body and then along a long fiber called an axon to reach junctions with another neurons. The connections between neurons start to form as the nervous system develops in the embryo, and any errors or delays in this process can cause severe neurological disorders and intellectual disabilities. For example, genetic mutations affecting a communication system within cells known as the ERK/MAPK pathway can lead to a family of syndromes called the “RASopathies”. Abnormalities in this pathway may also contribute to certain types of autism. However, it is not clear how alterations to the ERK/MAPK pathway cause these conditions. Xing et al. investigated whether ERK/MAPK signaling regulates the formation of connections between neurons and the activity of neurons in mouse brains. The experiments showed that the growth of axons that extend from an area of the brain called the cerebral cortex towards the spinal cord are particularly sensitive to changes in the level of signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway. On the other hand, inhibiting the pathway has relatively little effect on the growth of axons within the cerebral cortex. Further experiments showed that many neurons in the cerebral cortex require the ERK/MAPK pathway to activate genes that alter neuronal activity and the strength of the connections between neurons. Xing et al.’s findings suggest that defects in the connections between the cerebral cortex and different regions of the nervous system may contribute to the symptoms observed in patients with conditions linked to alterations in ERK/MAPK activity. Future studies will focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms by which ERK/MAPK pathway influences the organization and activity of neuron circuits during the development of the nervous system. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11123.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Rylan S Larsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Xiaoyan Li
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Yaohong Wu
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - William D Snider
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jason M Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
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Payne JM. Bridging the Gap Between Mouse Behavior and Human Cognition in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1290-1. [PMID: 26629513 PMCID: PMC4634689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Payne
- Child Neuropsychology Group, Clinical Sciences Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
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Huijbregts SC, Loitfelder M, Rombouts SA, Swaab H, Verbist BM, Arkink EB, Van Buchem MA, Veer IM. Cerebral volumetric abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis type 1: associations with parent ratings of social and attention problems, executive dysfunction, and autistic mannerisms. J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:32. [PMID: 26473019 PMCID: PMC4607002 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a single-gene neurodevelopmental disorder, in which social and cognitive problems are highly prevalent. Several commonly observed central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in NF1 might underlie these social and cognitive problems. Cerebral volumetric abnormalities are among the most consistently observed CNS abnormalities in NF1. This study investigated whether differences were present between NF1 patients and healthy controls (HC) in volumetric measures of cortical and subcortical brain regions and whether differential associations existed for NF1 patients and HC between the volumetric measures and parent ratings of social skills, attention problems, social problems, autistic mannerisms, and executive dysfunction. Methods Fifteen NF1 patients (mean age 12.9 years, SD 2.6) and 18 healthy controls (HC, mean age 13.8 years, SD 3.6) underwent 3 T MRI scanning. Segmentation of cortical gray and white matter, as well as volumetry of subcortical nuclei, was carried out. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to assess cortical gray matter density. Correlations were calculated, for NF1-patients and HC separately, between MRI parameters and scores on selected dimensions of the following behavior rating scales: the Social Skills Rating System, the Child Behavior Checklist, the Social Responsiveness Scale, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. Results After correction for age, sex, and intracranial volume, larger volumes of all subcortical regions were found in NF1 patients compared to controls. Patients further showed decreased gray matter density in midline regions of the frontal and parietal lobes and larger total white matter volume. Significantly more social and attention problems, more autistic mannerisms, and poorer executive functioning were reported for NF1 patients compared to HC. In NF1 patients, larger left putamen volume and larger total white matter volume were associated with more social problems and poorer executive functioning, larger right amygdala volume with poorer executive functioning and autistic mannerisms, and smaller precentral gyrus gray matter density was associated with more social problems. In controls, only significant negative correlations were observed: larger volumes (and greater gray matter density) were associated with better outcomes. Conclusions Widespread volumetric differences between patients and controls were found in cortical and subcortical brain regions. In NF1 patients but not HC, larger volumes were associated with poorer behavior ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Cj Huijbregts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies-Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Loitfelder
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Serge A Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Berit M Verbist
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico B Arkink
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Neuropsychological Functioning in Individuals with Noonan Syndrome: a Systematic Literature Review with Educational and Treatment Recommendations. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40817-015-0005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Wang T, de Kok L, Willemsen R, Elgersma Y, Borst JGG. In vivo synaptic transmission and morphology in mouse models of Tuberous sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:234. [PMID: 26190969 PMCID: PMC4490249 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in the rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Ras)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are responsible for several neurodevelopmental disorders. These disorders are an important cause for intellectual disability; additional manifestations include autism spectrum disorder, seizures, and brain malformations. Changes in synaptic function are thought to underlie the neurological conditions associated with these syndromes. We therefore studied morphology and in vivo synaptic transmission of the calyx of Held synapse, a relay synapse in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of the auditory brainstem, in mouse models of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and Costello syndrome. Calyces from both Tsc1+/- and from Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice showed increased volume and surface area compared to wild-type (WT) controls. In addition, in Fmr1 KO animals a larger fraction of calyces showed complex morphology. In MNTB principal neurons of Nf1+/- mice the average delay between EPSPs and APs was slightly smaller compared to WT controls, which could indicate an increased excitability. Otherwise, no obvious changes in synaptic transmission, or short-term plasticity were observed during juxtacellular recordings in any of the four lines. Our results in these four mutants thus indicate that abnormalities of mTOR or Ras signaling do not necessarily result in changes in in vivo synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura de Kok
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands ; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Gerard G Borst
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Dotan G, Keren S, Stolovitch C, Toledano-Alhadef H, Kesler A. Increased prevalence of ametropia in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 disease. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:113-6. [PMID: 24659732 DOI: 10.1177/0883073813520504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 disease is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with numerous ophthalmic and systemic manifestations. Organic causes of visual loss include optic pathway gliomas, orbital plexiform neurofibroma, and glaucoma. In this study, the authors analyzed the prevalence of ametropia as a cause for visual loss in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 disease younger than age 12 years compared to matched controls. Only children with normal neuroimaging were evaluated. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were all more common in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 disease; however, statistically significant differences were observed in mild myopia and astigmatism alone. A higher need for optical correction was found in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 disease (33.3% vs 17.1% of controls, P = .049). In conclusion, children with neurofibromatosis type 1 disease have a higher prevalence of ametropia, especially mild myopia and astigmatism, often requiring optical correction. Routine refraction screening is recommended for limiting preventable visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Dotan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Maccabi Healthcare Services, Ramat Hasharon, Israel
| | - Shay Keren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chaim Stolovitch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Toledano-Alhadef
- Gilbert Israeli Neurofibromatosis Center, Pediatric Neurology and Child Development Center, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Kesler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Mechanism and treatment for learning and memory deficits in mouse models of Noonan syndrome. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1736-43. [PMID: 25383899 PMCID: PMC4716736 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In Noonan Syndrome (NS) 30% to 50% of subjects show cognitive deficits of unknown etiology and with no known treatment. Here, we report that knock-in mice expressing either of two NS-associated Ptpn11 mutations show hippocampal-dependent spatial learning impairments and deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In addition, viral overexpression of the PTPN11D61G in adult hippocampus results in increased baseline excitatory synaptic function, deficits in LTP and spatial learning, which can all be reversed by a MEK inhibitor. Furthermore, brief treatment with lovastatin reduces Ras-Erk activation in the brain, and normalizes the LTP and learning deficits in adult Ptpn11D61G/+ mice. Our results demonstrate that increased basal Erk activity and corresponding baseline increases in excitatory synaptic function are responsible for the LTP impairments and, consequently, the learning deficits in mouse models of NS. These data also suggest that lovastatin or MEK inhibitors may be useful for treating the cognitive deficits in NS.
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Lee YS. Genes and signaling pathways involved in memory enhancement in mutant mice. Mol Brain 2014; 7:43. [PMID: 24894914 PMCID: PMC4050447 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant mice have been used successfully as a tool for investigating the mechanisms of memory at multiple levels, from genes to behavior. In most cases, manipulating a gene expressed in the brain impairs cognitive functions such as memory and their underlying cellular mechanisms, including synaptic plasticity. However, a remarkable number of mutations have been shown to enhance memory in mice. Understanding how to improve a system provides valuable insights into how the system works under normal conditions, because this involves understanding what the crucial components are. Therefore, more can be learned about the basic mechanisms of memory by studying mutant mice with enhanced memory. This review will summarize the genes and signaling pathways that are altered in the mutants with enhanced memory, as well as their roles in synaptic plasticity. Finally, I will discuss how knowledge of memory-enhancing mechanisms could be used to develop treatments for cognitive disorders associated with impaired plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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San Martín A, Pagani MR. Understanding intellectual disability through RASopathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:232-9. [PMID: 24859216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability, commonly known as mental retardation in the International Classification of Disease from World Health Organization, is the term that describes an intellectual and adaptive cognitive disability that begins in early life during the developmental period. Currently the term intellectual disability is the preferred one. Although our understanding of the physiological basis of learning and learning disability is poor, a general idea is that such condition is quite permanent. However, investigations in animal models suggest that learning disability can be functional in nature and as such reversible through pharmacology or appropriate learning paradigms. A fraction of the cases of intellectual disability is caused by point mutations or deletions in genes that encode for proteins of the RAS/MAP kinase signaling pathway known as RASopathies. Here we examined the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of genetic disorders focusing in studies which provide evidence that intellectual disability is potentially treatable and curable. The evidence presented supports the idea that with the appropriate understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved, intellectual disability could be treated pharmacologically and perhaps through specific mechanistic-based teaching strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro San Martín
- Genetics of Learning Laboratory, Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, IFIBIO-Houssay-CONICET, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Rafael Pagani
- Genetics of Learning Laboratory, Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, IFIBIO-Houssay-CONICET, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mocan N, Altindag DT. Education, cognition, health knowledge, and health behavior. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2014; 15:265-279. [PMID: 23546739 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-013-0473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using data from NLSY97, we analyze the impact of education on health behavior. Controlling for health knowledge does not influence the impact of education on health behavior, supporting the productive efficiency hypothesis. Accounting for cognitive ability does not significantly alter the relationship between education and health behavior. Similarly, the impact of education on health behavior is the same between those with and without a learning disability, suggesting that cognition is not likely to be a significant factor in explaining the impact of education on health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naci Mocan
- Department of Economics, Louisiana State University, 3039 Business Education Complex, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA,
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Mainberger F, Jung NH, Zenker M, Wahlländer U, Freudenberg L, Langer S, Berweck S, Winkler T, Straube A, Heinen F, Granström S, Mautner VF, Lidzba K, Mall V. Lovastatin improves impaired synaptic plasticity and phasic alertness in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:131. [PMID: 24088225 PMCID: PMC4015838 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetic disorders causing learning disabilities by mutations in the neurofibromin gene, an important inhibitor of the RAS pathway. In a mouse model of NF1, a loss of function mutation of the neurofibromin gene resulted in increased gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition which led to decreased synaptic plasticity and deficits in attentional performance. Most importantly, these defictis were normalized by lovastatin. This placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized study aimed to investigate synaptic plasticity and cognition in humans with NF1 and tried to answer the question whether potential deficits may be rescued by lovastatin. Methods In NF1 patients (n = 11; 19–44 years) and healthy controls (HC; n = 11; 19–31 years) paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to study intracortical inhibition (paired pulse) and synaptic plasticity (paired associative stimulation). On behavioural level the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) was used. To study the effect of 200 mg lovastatin for 4 days on all these parameters, a placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized trial was performed. Results In patients with NF1, lovastatin revealed significant decrease of intracortical inhibition, significant increase of synaptic plasticity as well as significant increase of phasic alertness. Compared to HC, patients with NF1 exposed increased intracortical inhibition, impaired synaptic plasticity and deficits in phasic alertness. Conclusions This study demonstrates, for the first time, a link between a pathological RAS pathway activity, intracortical inhibition and impaired synaptic plasticity and its rescue by lovastatin in humans. Our findings revealed mechanisms of attention disorders in humans with NF1 and support the idea of a potential clinical benefit of lovastatin as a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mainberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University Munich, Kinderzentrum München gemeinnützige GmbH, Heiglhofstrasse 63, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Pierpont EI, Tworog-Dube E, Roberts AE. Learning and memory in children with Noonan syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2250-7. [PMID: 23918208 PMCID: PMC9923801 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic syndromes resulting from molecular alterations of the RAS-MAPK signaling cascade have become the focus of heightened interest among behavioral scientists due to discoveries that proteins within this pathway play an important role in memory formation and consolidation. Individuals with Noonan syndrome (NS), caused by germline mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway, exhibit wide variability in cognitive and memory skills. The current study aimed to characterize memory deficits that occur in some affected individuals as a key step toward understanding the neurocognitive effects of dysregulated Ras signaling. Learning and memory skills were assessed among 29 children and adolescents with NS using the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition. Performance across subdomains (verbal memory, visual memory and working memory) was compared, as well as the effect of response type (free recall vs. recognition). For immediate memory, children with NS performed significantly better on verbal memory tasks than on visual memory or working memory tasks. For delayed memory, verbal free recall tasks that depend heavily on prefrontal-hippocampal networks were more challenging than recognition tasks that rely on more distributed temporal cortical regions. Additionally, verbal information presented in context was more easily retained than that presented in a rote format. The current study contributes to our knowledge of the effects of dysregulated RAS-MAPK signaling on the brain and behavior. Continued research on neurocognitive skills in NS has the potential to generate a novel conceptualization of how learning disabilities can arise from altered molecular processes within a specific biological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Pierpont
- Department of Cardiology; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Minnesota Medical School; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Erica Tworog-Dube
- Division of Genetics; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of Cardiology; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
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Neurofibromin mediates FAK signaling in confining synapse growth at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions. J Neurosci 2013; 32:16971-81. [PMID: 23175848 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1756-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), caused by the mutation in the NF1 gene, is characterized by multiple pathological symptoms. Importantly, ~50% of NF1 patients also suffer learning difficulty. Although downstream pathways are well studied, regulation of the NF1-encoded neurofibromin protein is less clear. Here, we focused on the pathophysiology of Drosophila NF1 mutants in synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions. Our analysis suggests that the Drosophila neurofibromin protein NF1 is required to constrain synaptic growth and transmission. NF1 functions downstream of the Drosophila focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Fak56 and physically interacts with Fak56. The N-terminal region of NF1 mediates the interaction with Fak56 and is required for the signaling activity and presynaptic localization of NF1. In presynapses, NF1 acts via the cAMP pathway, but independent of its GAP activity, to restrain synaptic growth. Thus, presynaptic FAK signaling may be disrupted, causing abnormal synaptic growth and transmission in the NF1 genetic disorder.
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