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Téllez de Meneses PG, Pérez-Revuelta L, Canal-Alonso Á, Hernández-Pérez C, Cocho T, Valero J, Weruaga E, Díaz D, Alonso JR. Immunohistochemical distribution of secretagogin in the mouse brain. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1224342. [PMID: 37711587 PMCID: PMC10498459 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1224342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calcium is essential for the correct functioning of the central nervous system, and calcium-binding proteins help to finely regulate its concentration. Whereas some calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin are ubiquitous and are present in many cell types, others such as calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin are expressed in specific neuronal populations. Secretagogin belongs to this latter group and its distribution throughout the brain is only partially known. In the present work, the distribution of secretagogin-immunopositive cells was studied in the entire brain of healthy adult mice. Methods Adult male C57BL/DBA mice aged between 5 and 7 months were used. Their whole brain was sectioned and used for immunohistochemistry. Specific neural populations were observed in different zones and nuclei identified according to Paxinos mouse brain atlas. Results Labelled cells were found with a Golgi-like staining, allowing an excellent characterization of their dendritic and axonal arborizations. Many secretagogin-positive cells were observed along different encephalic regions, especially in the olfactory bulb, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus. Immunostained populations were very heterogenous in both size and distribution, as some nuclei presented labelling in their entire extension, but in others, only scattered cells were present. Discussion Secretagogin can provide a more complete vision of calcium-buffering mechanisms in the brain, and can be a useful neuronal marker in different brain areas for specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G. Téllez de Meneses
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Revuelta
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Canal-Alonso
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Bioinformatics, Intelligent Systems and Educational Technology (BISITE) Research Group, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernández-Pérez
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teresa Cocho
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díaz
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R. Alonso
- Institute for Neuroscience of Castile and Leon (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Issahaku AR, Ibrahim MAA, Mukelabai N, Soliman MES. Intermolecular And Dynamic Investigation of The Mechanism of Action of Reldesemtiv on Fast Skeletal Muscle Troponin Complex Toward the Treatment of Impaired Muscle Function. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10091-y. [PMID: 36959428 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle weakness as a secondary feature of attenuated neuronal input often leads to disability and sometimes death in patients with neurogenic neuromuscular diseases. These impaired muscle function has been observed in several diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, spinal muscular atrophy and Myasthenia gravis. This has spurred the search for small molecules which could activate fast skeletal muscle troponin complex as a means to increase muscle strength. Discovered small molecules have however been punctuated by off-target and side effects leading to the development of the second-generation small molecule, Reldesemtiv. In this study, we investigated the impact of Reldesemtiv binding to the fast skeletal troponin complex and the molecular determinants that condition the therapeutic prowess of Redesemtiv through computational techniques. It was revealed that Reldesemtiv binding possibly potentiates troponin C compacting characterized by reduced exposure to solvent molecules which could favor the slow release of calcium ions and the resultant sensitization of the subunit to calcium. These conformational changes were underscored by conventional and carbon hydrogen bonds, pi-alkyl, pi-sulfur and halogen interactions between Reldesemtiv the binding site residues. Arg113 (-3.96 kcal/mol), Met116 (-2.23 kcal/mol), Val114 (-1.28 kcal/mol) and Met121 (-0.63 kcal/mol) of the switch region of the inhibitory subunit were among the residues that contributed the most to the total free binding energy of Reldesemtiv highlighting their importance. These findings present useful insights which could lay the foundation for the development of fast skeletal muscle small molecule activators with high specificity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rashid Issahaku
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- West African Centre for Computational Research and Innovation, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- CompChem Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Namutula Mukelabai
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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Lehne F, Bogdan S. Getting cells into shape by calcium-dependent actin cross-linking proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1171930. [PMID: 37025173 PMCID: PMC10070769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1171930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton represents a highly dynamic filament system providing cell structure and mechanical forces to drive a variety of cellular processes. The dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton are controlled by a number of conserved proteins that maintain the pool of actin monomers, promote actin nucleation, restrict the length of actin filaments and cross-link filaments into networks or bundles. Previous work has been established that cytoplasmic calcium is an important signal to rapidly relay information to the actin cytoskeleton, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we summarize new recent perspectives on how calcium fluxes are transduced to the actin cytoskeleton in a physiological context. In this mini-review we will focus on three calcium-binding EF-hand-containing actin cross-linking proteins, α-actinin, plastin and EFHD2/Swiprosin-1, and how these conserved proteins affect the cell's actin reorganization in the context of cell migration and wound closure in response to calcium.
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Zhang Q, Xia T, Qi C, Du J, Ye C. High expression of S100A2 predicts poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:77. [PMID: 35042454 PMCID: PMC8764844 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S100A2, a member of the S100 protein family, is abnormally expressed and plays a vital role in multiple cancers. However, little is known about the clinical significance of S100A2 in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Clinicopathological data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). First, the expression and prognostic value of different S100 family members in endometrial carcinoma were evaluated. Subsequently, the Kaplan–Meier plotter and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic significance of S100A2, while the association between S100A2 expression and clinical characteristics in endometrial carcinoma was also analyzed using logistic regression. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a nomogram were constructed. The putative underlying cellular mechanisms were explored using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results Our results revealed that S100A2 expression was significantly higher in endometrial carcinoma tissue than in non-cancerous tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Analysis of Kaplan–Meier plotter data revealed that patients with high S100A2 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) compared with those of patients with low S100A2 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis further confirmed that high S100A2 expression was an independent risk factor for OS in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Other clinicopathologic features found to be related to worse prognosis in endometrial carcinoma included age, clinical stage, histologic grade, and tumor invasion. Importantly, ROC analysis also confirmed that S100A2 has a high diagnostic value in endometrial carcinoma. KEGG enrichment analysis and GSEA revealed that the estrogen and IL-17 signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in the high S100A2 expression group, in which estrogen response, JAK-STAT3, K-Ras, and TNFα/NF-κB were differentially enriched. Conclusions S100A2 plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma progression and may represent an independent diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for endometrial carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09180-5.
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Yu Q, Liu YL, Sun GZ, Liu YX, Chen J, Zhou YB, Chen M, Ma YZ, Xu ZS, Lan JH. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Soybean Calmodulin-Binding Protein 60 Family and Identification of GmCBP60A-1 Responses to Drought and Salt Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13501. [PMID: 34948302 PMCID: PMC8708795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding protein 60 (CBP60) members constitute a plant-specific protein family that plays an important role in plant growth and development. In the soybean genome, nineteen CBP60 members were identified and analyzed for their corresponding sequences and structures to explore their functions. Among GmCBP60A-1, which primarily locates in the cytomembrane, was significantly induced by drought and salt stresses. The overexpression of GmCBP60A-1 enhanced drought and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis, which showed better state in the germination of seeds and the root growth of seedlings. In the soybean hairy roots experiment, the overexpression of GmCBP60A-1 increased proline content, lowered water loss rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, all of which likely enhanced the drought and salt tolerance of soybean seedlings. Under stress conditions, drought and salt response-related genes showed significant differences in expression in hairy root soybean plants of GmCBP60A-1-overexpressing and hairy root soybean plants of RNAi. The present study identified GmCBP60A-1 as an important gene in response to salt and drought stresses based on the functional analysis of this gene and its potential underlying mechanisms in soybean stress-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-X.L.)
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-X.L.)
| | - Guo-Zhong Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - Yuan-Xia Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-X.L.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - You-Zhi Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - Zhao-Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (G.-Z.S.); (J.C.); (Y.-B.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.-Z.M.)
| | - Jin-Hao Lan
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.-X.L.)
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Doğan C, Hänniger S, Heckel DG, Coutu C, Hegedus DD, Crubaugh L, Groves RL, Mutlu DA, Suludere Z, Bayram Ş, Toprak U. Characterization of calcium signaling proteins from the fat body of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Implications for diapause and lipid metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103549. [PMID: 33610660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulates many cellular and physiological processes from development to reproduction. Ca2+ is also an important factor in the metabolism of lipids, the primary energy source used during insect starvation and diapause. Ca2+ signaling proteins bind to Ca2+ and maintain intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, knowledge about Ca2+ signaling proteins is mostly restricted to the model Drosophila melanogaster and the response of Ca2+ signaling genes to starvation or diapause is not known. In this study, we identified three Ca2+ signaling proteins; the primary Ca2+ binding protein Calmodulin (LdCaM), phosphatase Calcineurin B (LdCaNB), and the senescence marker protein Regucalcin (LdRgN), from the fat body of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). This insect is a major pest of potato worldwide and overwinters under hibernation diapause as adults while utilizing lipids as the primary energy source. Putative EF-hand domains involved in Ca2+ binding were present in LdCaM, LdCaNB, but absent in LdRgN. LdCaM and LdCaNB were expressed in multiple tissues, while LdRgN was primarily expressed in the fat body. LdCaM was constitutively-expressed throughout larval development and at the adult stage. LdCaNB was primarily expressed in feeding larvae, and LdRgN in both feeding larvae and adults at comparable levels; however, both genes were down-regulated by molting. A response to starvation was observed only for LdRgN. Transcript abundance analysis in the entire body in relation to diapause revealed differential regulation with a general suppression during diapause, and higher mRNA levels in favor of females at post-diapause for LdCaM, and in favor of males at non-diapause for LdCaNB. Fat body-specific transcript abundance was not different between non-diapause and post-diapause for LdCaNB, but both LdCaM and LdRgN were down-regulated in males and both sexes, respectively by post-diapause. Silencing LdCaNB or LdRgN in larvae led to decreased fat content, indicating their involvement in lipid accumulation, while RNAi of LdCaM led to lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Doğan
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Dept. of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linda Crubaugh
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Russell L Groves
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Zekiye Suludere
- Gazi University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerife Bayram
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Toprak
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey.
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Sprenger J, Trifan A, Patel N, Vanderbeck A, Bredfelt J, Tajkhorshid E, Rowlett R, Lo Leggio L, Åkerfeldt KS, Linse S. Calmodulin complexes with brain and muscle creatine kinase peptides. Curr Res Struct Biol 2021; 3:121-132. [PMID: 34235492 PMCID: PMC8244255 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensing protein that binds to and modulates numerous target proteins and enzymes during cellular signaling processes. A large number of CaM-target complexes have been identified and structurally characterized, revealing a wide diversity of CaM-binding modes. A newly identified target is creatine kinase (CK), a central enzyme in cellular energy homeostasis. This study reports two high-resolution X-ray structures, determined to 1.24 Å and 1.43 Å resolution, of calmodulin in complex with peptides from human brain and muscle CK, respectively. Both complexes adopt a rare extended binding mode with an observed stoichiometry of 1:2 CaM:peptide, confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry, suggesting that each CaM domain independently binds one CK peptide in a Ca2+-depended manner. While the overall binding mode is similar between the structures with muscle or brain-type CK peptides, the most significant difference is the opposite binding orientation of the peptides in the N-terminal domain. This may extrapolate into distinct binding modes and regulation of the full-length CK isoforms. The structural insights gained in this study strengthen the link between cellular energy homeostasis and Ca2+-mediated cell signaling and may shed light on ways by which cells can 'fine tune' their energy levels to match the spatial and temporal demands.
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Key Words
- ADP, Adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- CK, Creatine kinase
- CKB, Creatine kinase, brain-type
- CKM, Creatine kinase, muscle-type
- Ca2+, Calcium ion (divalent)
- CaM, Calmodulin
- Calcium signaling
- Calmodulin X-ray structure
- Cellular energy metabolism
- Cr, Creatine
- CrP, Creatine phosphate
- Enzyme regulation
- Fmoc, Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
- ITC, Isothermal titration calorimetry
- Isothermal titration calorimetry
- MR, Molecular replacement
- PDB, Protein data bank
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Chemistry Department, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anda Trifan
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Neal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Jenny Bredfelt
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Matthews, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Roger Rowlett
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Chemistry Department, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin S. Åkerfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Chemical Center, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Tang M, Xu C, Cao H, Shi Y, Chen J, Chai Y, Li Z. Tomato calmodulin-like protein SlCML37 is a calcium (Ca 2+) sensor that interacts with proteasome maturation factor SlUMP1 and plays a role in tomato fruit chilling stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153373. [PMID: 33652171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), as well as their targets, play significant roles in various key developmental and stress responses in the plant. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), there are at least 52 CML genes in its genome. However, most of their functions are not well known, especially in response to cold stress. Here, we investigated SlCML37 biochemical and structural characteristics, including a typical α-helical secondary structure and exposing its hydrophobic regions after binding to Ca2+. Then we certificated that SlCML37 protein could physically interact with SlUMP1 by using yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular florescence complementation (BiFC) and GST pull-down assays. Further analysis showed that SlCML37-transgenic tomato fruit conferred significantly improved tolerance to chilling stress. This study indicates a possible role of calmodulin-like protein-mediated proteasome assemble in the regulation of plant cold response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 401329, Chongqing, China
| | - Chan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Chai
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 401329, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China; Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China.
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Identification of two genes potentially related to myogenesis and muscle growth in Fenneropenaeus chinensis: Activin receptor II and Follistatin-like protein. Gene 2020; 770:145346. [PMID: 33333225 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activin receptor (ActR) and follistatin-like (FSTL) genes, which are involved in the Myostatin (Mstn) related TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, play important roles in regulating the muscle generation, development and growth of muscle in vertebrate. Our previous studies have confirmed that Mstn negatively regulates muscle development and growth in Fenneropenaeus chinensis as that in vertebrate. However, the roles of ActR and FSTL in muscle development and growth in invertebrate remains unclear. In the present study, type II ActR(FcActRII) and FSTL (FcFSTL) genes from F. chinensis were cloned and characterized, and their functions on muscle development and growth were investigated. The full-length cDNAs of FcActRII and FcFSTL were 2366 bp that encoded 572 amino acids and 2474 bp that encoded 717 amino acids, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the overall protein sequences of the two genes shared 97% and 96% identities with Penaeus vannamei and 50%-59% and 35%-36% identities with vertebrates, respectively. In the early development stages, muscles firstly appeared in nauplius stage and developed gradually until post larval, and the mRNA expressions of FcActRII increased from gastrula to zoea stage and then decreased from zoea stage to post larval stage while that of FcFSTL was lowest in gastrula stage and increased rapidly in nauplius stage and then expressed stably from nauplius stage to post-larval stage. In the adult shrimp, the two genes were widely distributed in the examined tissues. The FcActRII expression in muscle of L group was significantly lower than that of S group, but the FcFSTL expression showed an opposite result. After down-regulating the expression of FcMstn by RNAi, FcActRII expression was significantly down-regulated while that of FcFSTL was up-regulated. The present study suggested that FcActRII and FcFSTL, regulated by FcMstn, might be involved in myogenesis and muscle growth.
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Linse S, Thulin E, Nilsson H, Stigler J. Benefits and constrains of covalency: the role of loop length in protein stability and ligand binding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20108. [PMID: 33208843 PMCID: PMC7674454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding is governed by non-covalent interactions under the benefits and constraints of the covalent linkage of the backbone chain. In the current work we investigate the influence of loop length variation on the free energies of folding and ligand binding in a small globular single-domain protein containing two EF-hand subdomains—calbindin D9k. We introduce a linker extension between the subdomains and vary its length between 1 to 16 glycine residues. We find a close to linear relationship between the linker length and the free energy of folding of the Ca2+-free protein. In contrast, the linker length has only a marginal effect on the Ca2+ affinity and cooperativity. The variant with a single-glycine extension displays slightly increased Ca2+ affinity, suggesting that the slightly extended linker allows optimized packing of the Ca2+-bound state. For the extreme case of disconnected subdomains, Ca2+ binding becomes coupled to folding and assembly. Still, a high affinity between the EF-hands causes the non-covalent pair to retain a relatively high apparent Ca2+ affinity. Our results imply that loop length variation could be an evolutionary option for modulating properties such as protein stability and turnover without compromising the energetics of the specific function of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Linse
- Departments of Biophysical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Eva Thulin
- Departments of Biophysical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nilsson
- Departments of Biophysical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Stigler
- Departments of Biophysical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Miro (Mitochondrial Rho GTPase), a key player of mitochondrial axonal transport and mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:118-135. [PMID: 33127590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Miro (mitochondrial Rho GTPases) a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, plays a vital role in the microtubule-based mitochondrial axonal transport, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and Mito-Ca2+ homeostasis. It forms a major protein complex with Milton (an adaptor protein), kinesin and dynein (motor proteins), and facilitates bidirectional mitochondrial axonal transport such as anterograde and retrograde transport. By forming this protein complex, Miro facilitates the mitochondrial axonal transport and fulfills the neuronal energy demand, maintain the mitochondrial homeostasis and neuronal survival. It has been demonstrated that altered mitochondrial biogenesis, improper mitochondrial axonal transport, and mitochondrial dynamics are the early pathologies associated with most of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Being the sole mitochondrial outer membrane protein associated with mitochondrial axonal transport-related processes, Miro proteins can be one of the key players in various NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD). Thus, in the current review, we have discussed the evolutionarily conserved Miro proteins and its role in the pathogenesis of the various NDs. From this, we indicated that Miro proteins may act as a potential target for a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of various NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382426, India.
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A Calcium Sensor Discovered in Bluetongue Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Is Critical for Virus Replication. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01099-20. [PMID: 32759321 PMCID: PMC7527055 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01099-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After entering the host cells, viruses use cellular host factors to ensure a successful virus replication process. For replication in infected cells, members of the Reoviridae family form inclusion body-like structures known as viral inclusion bodies (VIB) or viral factories. Bluetongue virus (BTV) forms VIBs in infected cells through nonstructural protein 2 (NS2), a phosphoprotein. An important regulatory factor critical for VIB formation is phosphorylation of NS2. In our study, we discovered a characteristic calcium-binding EF-hand-like motif in NS2 and found that the calcium binding preferentially affects phosphorylation level of the NS2 and has a role in regulating VIB assembly. Many viruses use specific viral proteins to bind calcium ions (Ca2+) for stability or to modify host cell pathways; however, to date, no Ca2+ binding protein has been reported in bluetongue virus (BTV), the causative agent of bluetongue disease in livestock. Here, using a comprehensive bioinformatics screening, we identified a putative EF-hand-like Ca2+ binding motif in the carboxyl terminal region of BTV nonstructural phosphoprotein 2 (NS2). Subsequently, using a recombinant NS2, we demonstrated that NS2 binds Ca2+ efficiently and that Ca2+ binding was perturbed when the Asp and Glu residues in the motif were substituted by alanine. Using circular dichroism analysis, we found that Ca2+ binding by NS2 triggered a helix-to-coil secondary structure transition. Further, cryo-electron microscopy in the presence of Ca2+ revealed that NS2 forms helical oligomers which, when aligned with the N-terminal domain crystal structure, suggest an N-terminal domain that wraps around the C-terminal domain in the oligomer. Further, an in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that Ca2+ enhanced the phosphorylation of NS2 significantly. Importantly, mutations introduced at the Ca2+ binding site in the viral genome by reverse genetics failed to allow recovery of viable virus, and the NS2 phosphorylation level and assembly of viral inclusion bodies (VIBs) were reduced. Together, our data suggest that NS2 is a dedicated Ca2+ binding protein and that calcium sensing acts as a trigger for VIB assembly, which in turn facilitates virus replication and assembly. IMPORTANCE After entering the host cells, viruses use cellular host factors to ensure a successful virus replication process. For replication in infected cells, members of the Reoviridae family form inclusion body-like structures known as viral inclusion bodies (VIB) or viral factories. Bluetongue virus (BTV) forms VIBs in infected cells through nonstructural protein 2 (NS2), a phosphoprotein. An important regulatory factor critical for VIB formation is phosphorylation of NS2. In our study, we discovered a characteristic calcium-binding EF-hand-like motif in NS2 and found that the calcium binding preferentially affects phosphorylation level of the NS2 and has a role in regulating VIB assembly.
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Weiss AKH, Albertini E, Holzknecht M, Cappuccio E, Dorigatti I, Krahbichler A, Damisch E, Gstach H, Jansen-Dürr P. Regulation of cellular senescence by eukaryotic members of the FAH superfamily - A role in calcium homeostasis? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111284. [PMID: 32574647 PMCID: PMC7116474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily members are commonly expressed in the prokaryotic kingdom, where they take part in the committing steps of degradation pathways of complex carbon sources. Besides FAH itself, the only described FAH superfamily members in the eukaryotic kingdom are fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing proteins (FAHD) 1 and 2, that have been a focus of recent work in aging research. Here, we provide a review of current knowledge on FAHD proteins. Of those, FAHD1 has recently been described as a regulator of mitochondrial function and senescence, in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction associated senescence (MiDAS). This work further describes data based on bioinformatics analysis, 3D structure comparison and sequence alignment, that suggests a putative role of FAHD proteins as calcium binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K H Weiss
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria.
| | - Eva Albertini
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Max Holzknecht
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Elia Cappuccio
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Anna Krahbichler
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Elisabeth Damisch
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
| | - Hubert Gstach
- University of Vienna, UZ2 E349, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- University of Innsbruck, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Rennweg 10, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria; University of Innsbruck, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Austria
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Baudier J, Deloulme JC, Shaw GS. The Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ -binding S100B and S100A1 proteins: beyond the myths. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:738-758. [PMID: 32027773 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The S100 genes encode a conserved group of 21 vertebrate-specific EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Since their discovery in 1965, S100 proteins have remained enigmatic in terms of their cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the calcium- and zinc-binding properties of the dimeric S100B and S100A1 proteins and highlight data that shed new light on the extracellular and intracellular regulation and functions of S100B. We point out that S100B and S100A1 homodimers are not functionally interchangeable and that in a S100A1/S100B heterodimer, S100A1 acts as a negative regulator for the ability of S100B to bind Zn2+ . The Ca2+ and Zn2+ -dependent interactions of S100B with a wide array of proteins form the basis of its activities and have led to the derivation of some initial rules for S100B recognition of protein targets. However, recent findings have strongly suggested that these rules need to be revisited. Here, we describe a new consensus S100B binding motif present in intracellular and extracellular vertebrate-specific proteins and propose a new model for stable interactions of S100B dimers with full-length target proteins. A chaperone-associated function for intracellular S100B in adaptive cellular stress responses is also discussed. This review may help guide future studies on the functions of S100 proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Baudier
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-UMR CNRS 7288, Aix Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean Christophe Deloulme
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
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15
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Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of the phospholipid scramblase SCRM-1 from Caenorhabditis elegans. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:163-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Liu XR, Rempel DL, Gross ML. Composite Conformational Changes of Signaling Proteins upon Ligand Binding Revealed by a Single Approach: Calcium-Calmodulin Study. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12560-12567. [PMID: 31487155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Signaling proteins exemplified by calmodulin usually bind cooperatively to multiple ligands. Intermediate states and allosteric behavior are difficult to characterize. Here we extend a recently reported mass spectrometry (MS)-based method named LITPOMS (ligand titration, fast photochemical oxidation of proteins and mass spectrometry) that characterizes complex binding systems typically found as signaling proteins. As reported previously, calmodulin's response to binding four Ca2+ can be determined by LITPOMS to reveal binding sites, binding order, and most importantly composite binding behavior. Modeling this behavior provides site-specific binding affinities. In this article, we dissect the composite, peptide-level conformational changes at several regions either by digestion with a different protease or by tandem MS of LITPOMS behavior at the amino-acid residue level. Such dissection greatly elevates spatial resolution and increases the confidence of binding-order assignment. These complementary views of complex protein conformational change recapitulate the cumulative understanding via a single approach, providing new insights on poorly understood yet important allostery and underpin an approach applicable for exploring other signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Roger Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Don L Rempel
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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17
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Harborne SPD, Kunji ERS. Calcium-regulated mitochondrial ATP-Mg/P i carriers evolved from a fusion of an EF-hand regulatory domain with a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier-like domain. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1222-1232. [PMID: 30281880 PMCID: PMC6283063 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier is responsible for the calcium-dependent regulation of adenosine nucleotide concentrations in the mitochondrial matrix, which allows mitochondria to respond to changing energy requirements of the cell. The carrier is expressed in mitochondria of fungi, plants and animals and belongs to the family of mitochondrial carriers. The carrier is unusual as it consists of three separate domains: (i) an N-terminal regulatory domain with four calcium-binding EF-hands similar to calmodulin, (ii) a loop domain containing an amphipathic α-helix and (iii) a mitochondrial carrier domain related to the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. This striking example of three domains coming together from different origins to provide new functions represents an interesting quirk of evolution. In this review, we outline how the carrier was identified and how its physiological role was established with a focus on human isoforms. We exploit the sequence and structural information of the domains to explore the similarities and differences to their closest counterparts; mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers and proteins with four EF-hands. We discuss how their combined function has led to a mechanism for calcium-regulated transport of adenosine nucleotides. Finally, we compare the ATP-Mg/Pi carrier with the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier, the only other mitochondrial carrier regulated by calcium, and we will argue that they have arisen by convergent rather than divergent evolution. © 2018 The Authors. IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 70(12):1222-1232, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. D. Harborne
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Edmund R. S. Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XYUK
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18
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Direct effects of Ca2+/calmodulin on actin filament formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:355-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Calcineurin Regulatory Subunit Calcium-Binding Domains Differentially Contribute to Calcineurin Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2018; 209:801-813. [PMID: 29735720 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase calcineurin is central to Ca2+ signaling pathways from yeast to humans. Full activation of calcineurin requires Ca2+ binding to the regulatory subunit CNB, comprised of four Ca2+-binding EF hand domains, and recruitment of Ca2+-calmodulin. Here we report the consequences of disrupting Ca2+ binding to individual Cnb1 EF hand domains on calcineurin function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Calcineurin activity was monitored via quantitation of the calcineurin-dependent reporter gene, CDRE-lacZ, and calcineurin-dependent growth under conditions of environmental stress. Mutation of EF2 dramatically reduced CDRE-lacZ expression and failed to support calcineurin-dependent growth. In contrast, Ca2+ binding to EF4 was largely dispensable for calcineurin function. Mutation of EF1 and EF3 exerted intermediate phenotypes. Reduced activity of EF1, EF2, or EF3 mutant calcineurin was also observed in yeast lacking functional calmodulin and could not be rescued by expression of a truncated catalytic subunit lacking the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain either alone or in conjunction with the calmodulin binding and autoinhibitory segment domains. Ca2+ binding to EF1, EF2, and EF3 in response to intracellular Ca2+ signals therefore has functions in phosphatase activation beyond calmodulin recruitment and displacement of known autoinhibitory domains. Disruption of Ca2+ binding to EF1, EF2, or EF3 reduced Ca2+ responsiveness of calcineurin, but increased the sensitivity of calcineurin to immunophilin-immunosuppressant inhibition. Mutation of EF2 also increased the susceptibility of calcineurin to hydrogen peroxide inactivation. Our observations indicate that distinct Cnb1 EF hand domains differentially affect calcineurin function in vivo, and that EF4 is not essential despite conservation across taxa.
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Zhu X, Perez M, Aldon D, Galaud JP. Respective contribution of CML8 and CML9, two arabidopsis calmodulin-like proteins, to plant stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1322246. [PMID: 28471263 PMCID: PMC5501228 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1322246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment, plants have to continuously face constraints such as biotic and abiotic stresses. To achieve their life cycle, plants have to perceive and interpret the nature, but also the strength of environmental stimuli to activate appropriate physiological responses. Nowadays, it is well established that signaling pathways are crucial steps in the implementation of rapid and efficient plant responses such as genetic reprogramming. It is also reported that rapid raises in calcium (Ca2+) levels within plant cells participate in these early signaling steps and are essential to coordinate adaptive responses. However, to be informative, calcium increases need to be decoded and relayed by calcium-binding proteins also referred as calcium sensors to carry-out the appropriate responses. In a recent study, we showed that CML8, an Arabidopsis calcium sensor belonging to the calmodulin-like (CML) protein family, promotes plant immunity against the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (strain DC3000). Interestingly, other CML proteins such as CML9 were also reported to contribute to plant immunity using the same pathosystem. In this addendum, we propose to discuss about the specific contribution of these 2 CMLs in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Manon Perez
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Didier Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CONTACT Jean-Philippe Galaud Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP 42617, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
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Morrill GA, Kostellow AB, Gupta RK. Computational comparison of a calcium-dependent jellyfish protein (apoaequorin) and calmodulin-cholesterol in short-term memory maintenance. Neurosci Lett 2017; 642:113-118. [PMID: 28159636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory reconsolidation and maintenance depend on calcium channels and on calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases regulating protein turnover in the hippocampus. Ingestion of a jellyfish protein, apoaequorin, reportedly protects and/or improves verbal learning in adults and is currently widely advertised for use by the elderly. Apoaequorin is a member of the EF-hand calcium binding family of proteins that includes calmodulin. Calmodulin-1 (148 residues) differs from Apoaequorin (195 residues) in that it contains four rather than three Ca2+-binding sites and three rather than four cholesterol-binding (CRAC, CARC) domains. All three cholesterol-binding CARC domains in calmodulin have a high interaction affinity for cholesterol compared to only two high affinity CARC domains in apoaequorin. Both calmodulin and apoaequorin can form dimers with a potential of eight bound Ca2+ ions and six high affinity-bound cholesterol molecules in calmodulin with six bound Ca2+ ions and a mixed population of eight cholesterols bound to both CARC and CRAC domains in apoaqueorin. MEMSAT-SVM analysis indicates that both calmodulin and apoaqueorin have a pore-lining region. The Peptide-Cutter algorithm predicts that calmodulin-1 contains 11 trypsin-specific cleavage sites (compared to 21 in apoaqueorin), four of which are potentially blocked by cholesterol and three are within the Ca-binding domains and/or the pore-lining region. Three are clustered between the third and fourth Ca2+-binding sites. Only calmodulin pore-lining regions contain Ca2+ binding sites and as dimers may insert into the plasma membrane of neural cells and act as Ca2+ channels. In a dietary supplement, bound cholesterol may protect both apoaequorin and calmodulin from proteolysis in the gut as well as facilitate uptake across the blood-brain barrier. Our results suggest that a physiological calmodulin-cholesterol complex, not cholesterol-free jellyfish protein, may better serve as a dietary supplement to facilitate memory maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene A Morrill
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Adele B Kostellow
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Raj K Gupta
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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From Stores to Sinks: Structural Mechanisms of Cytosolic Calcium Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:215-251. [PMID: 29594864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells have adapted the use of the calcium ion (Ca2+) as a universal signaling element through the evolution of a toolkit of Ca2+ sensor, buffer and effector proteins. Among these toolkit components, integral and peripheral proteins decorate biomembranes and coordinate the movement of Ca2+ between compartments, sense these concentration changes and elicit physiological signals. These changes in compartmentalized Ca2+ levels are not mutually exclusive as signals propagate between compartments. For example, agonist induced surface receptor stimulation can lead to transient increases in cytosolic Ca2+ sourced from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores; the decrease in ER luminal Ca2+ can subsequently signal the opening surface channels which permit the movement of Ca2+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol. Remarkably, the minuscule compartments of mitochondria can function as significant cytosolic Ca2+ sinks by taking up Ca2+ in a coordinated manner. In non-excitable cells, inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) on the ER respond to surface receptor stimulation; stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) sense the ER luminal Ca2+ depletion and activate surface Orai1 channels; surface Orai1 channels selectively permit the movement of Ca2+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol; uptake of Ca2+ into the matrix through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) further shapes the cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Recent structural elucidations of these key Ca2+ toolkit components have improved our understanding of how they function to orchestrate precise cytosolic Ca2+ levels for specific physiological responses. This chapter reviews the atomic-resolution structures of IP3R, STIM1, Orai1 and MCU elucidated by X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and NMR and discusses the mechanisms underlying their biological functions in their respective compartments within the cell.
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Zeng BJ, Lv Y, Zhang LL, Huang LH, Feng QL. Cloning and structural characterization of juvenile hormone diol kinase in Spodoptera litura. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:819-828. [PMID: 25959665 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) is one of the key insect hormones that regulate metamorphosis. Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is an enzyme involved in JH metabolism and catalyzes JH diol to form a polar end product, JH diol phosphate that has no JH activity. In this study, a JHDK complementary DNA (cDNA) was cloned from Spodoptera litura and the structure and expression of the gene was characterized. The cDNA was 714 base pairs in length and encoded a protein of 183 amino acids with a molecular mass of 21 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.55. Based on the structure, three putative calcium binding motifs and guanosine triphosphate-binding motifs were predicted in the protein. Modeling of the 3-D structure showed that the protein consisted of eight α-helixes linked with loops, with no β-sheets. The gene was expressed in the epidermis, fat body and midgut of fifth and sixth instar larvae. The expression level in the epidermis was lower than in the fat body and midgut. The gene was expressed at higher levels at the early stages than in the later stages of fifth and sixth instar midgut and fat body. The results suggest that this gene may be involved in the regulation of the JH titer in larvae of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Juan Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qi-Li Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Yoo J, Wilson J, Aksimentiev A. Improved model of hydrated calcium ion for molecular dynamics simulations using classical biomolecular force fields. Biopolymers 2016; 105:752-63. [PMID: 27144470 PMCID: PMC4958550 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca(2+) ) play key roles in various fundamental biological processes such as cell signaling and brain function. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to study such interactions, however, the accuracy of the Ca(2+) models provided by the standard MD force fields has not been rigorously tested. Here, we assess the performance of the Ca(2+) models from the most popular classical force fields AMBER and CHARMM by computing the osmotic pressure of model compounds and the free energy of DNA-DNA interactions. In the simulations performed using the two standard models, Ca(2+) ions are seen to form artificial clusters with chloride, acetate, and phosphate species; the osmotic pressure of CaAc2 and CaCl2 solutions is a small fraction of the experimental values for both force fields. Using the standard parameterization of Ca(2+) ions in the simulations of Ca(2+) -mediated DNA-DNA interactions leads to qualitatively wrong outcomes: both AMBER and CHARMM simulations suggest strong inter-DNA attraction whereas, in experiment, DNA molecules repel one another. The artificial attraction of Ca(2+) to DNA phosphate is strong enough to affect the direction of the electric field-driven translocation of DNA through a solid-state nanopore. To address these shortcomings of the standard Ca(2+) model, we introduce a custom model of a hydrated Ca(2+) ion and show that using our model brings the results of the above MD simulations in quantitative agreement with experiment. Our improved model of Ca(2+) can be readily applied to MD simulations of various biomolecular systems, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipid bilayer membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 752-763, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejoong Yoo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells
| | - James Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
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25
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Veremeichik G, Bulgakov V, Shkryl Y. Modulation of NADPH-oxidase gene expression in rolB-transformed calli of Arabidopsis thaliana and Rubia cordifolia. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 105:282-289. [PMID: 27208504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of rol genes from Agrobacterium rhizogenes induces reprogramming of transformed plant cells and provokes pleiotropic effects on primary and secondary metabolism. We have previously established that the rolB and rolC genes impair reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in transformed cells of Rubia cordifolia and Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present investigation, we tested whether this effect is associated with changes in the expression levels of NADPH oxidases, which are considered to be the primary source of ROS during plant-microbe interactions. We identified two full-length NADPH oxidase genes from R. cordifolia and examined their expression in non-transformed and rolB-transformed calli. In addition, we examined the expression of their homologous genes from A. thaliana in non-transformed and rolB-expressing cells. The expression of Rboh isoforms was 3- to 7-fold higher in both R. cordifolia and A. thaliana rolB-transformed cells compared with non-transformed cells. Our results for the first time show that Agrobacterium rolB gene regulates particular NADPH oxidase isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Veremeichik
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Victor Bulgakov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Yury Shkryl
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia.
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26
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Designing proteins to combat disease: Cardiac troponin C as an example. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:4-10. [PMID: 26901433 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Throughout history, muscle research has led to numerous scientific breakthroughs that have brought insight to a more general understanding of all biological processes. Potentially one of the most influential discoveries was the role of the second messenger calcium and its myriad of handling and sensing systems that mechanistically control muscle contraction. In this review we will briefly discuss the significance of calcium as a universal second messenger along with some of the most common calcium binding motifs in proteins, focusing on the EF-hand. We will also describe some of our approaches to rationally design calcium binding proteins to palliate, or potentially even cure cardiovascular disease. Considering not all failing hearts have the same etiology, genetic background and co-morbidities, personalized therapies will need to be developed. We predict designer proteins will open doors for unprecedented personalized, and potentially, even generalized medicines as gene therapy or protein delivery techniques come to fruition.
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Barman A, Smitherman C, Souffrant M, Gadda G, Hamelberg D. Conserved Hydration Sites in Pin1 Reveal a Distinctive Water Recognition Motif in Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 56:139-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Barman
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Biology and the §Centers for Diagnostics and Therapeutics and ∥Biotechnology
and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Crystal Smitherman
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Biology and the §Centers for Diagnostics and Therapeutics and ∥Biotechnology
and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Michael Souffrant
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Biology and the §Centers for Diagnostics and Therapeutics and ∥Biotechnology
and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Giovanni Gadda
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Biology and the §Centers for Diagnostics and Therapeutics and ∥Biotechnology
and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Donald Hamelberg
- Departments
of Chemistry and ‡Biology and the §Centers for Diagnostics and Therapeutics and ∥Biotechnology
and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
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28
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Murayama K, Sonoyama M, Matsuda S. Strong Interaction of Bovine Brain Calmodulin with Bisphenol A: Effects on Secondary Structure, Conformation, Ca 2+-Binding Affinity, Gibbs Energy, and Domain Cooperativity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murayama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University
| | - Masashi Sonoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
| | - Sadayuki Matsuda
- School of Natural Science, Engineering and Agriculture, Hokkaido University of Education
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HIF-1α suppressing small molecule, LW6, inhibits cancer cell growth by binding to calcineurin b homologous protein 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Norris V, Reusch RN, Igarashi K, Root-Bernstein R. Molecular complementarity between simple, universal molecules and ions limited phenotype space in the precursors of cells. Biol Direct 2014; 10:28. [PMID: 25470982 PMCID: PMC4264330 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-014-0028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fundamental problems faced by the protocells and their modern descendants include how to go from one phenotypic state to another; escape from a basin of attraction in the space of phenotypes; reconcile conflicting growth and survival strategies (and thereby live on ‘the scales of equilibria’); and create a coherent, reproducible phenotype from a multitude of constituents. Presentation of the hypothesis The solutions to these problems are likely to be found with the organic and inorganic molecules and inorganic ions that constituted protocells, which we term SUMIs for Simple Universal Molecules and Ions. These SUMIs probably included polyphosphate (PolyP) as a source of energy and of phosphate; poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as a source of carbon and as a transporter in association with PolyP; polyamines as a source of nitrogen; lipids as precursors of membranes; as well as peptides, nucleic acids, and calcium. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the direct interactions between PHB, PolyP, polyamines and lipids – modulated by calcium – played a central role in solving the fundamental problems faced by early and modern cells. Testing the hypothesis We review evidence that SUMIs (1) were abundant and available to protocells; (2) are widespread in modern cells; (3) interact with one another and other cellular constituents to create structures with new functions surprisingly similar to those of proteins and RNA; (4) are essential to creating coherent phenotypes in modern bacteria. SUMIs are therefore natural candidates for reducing the immensity of phenotype space and making the transition from a “primordial soup” to living cells. Implications of the hypothesis We discuss the relevance of the SUMIs and their interactions to the ideas of molecular complementarity, composomes (molecular aggregates with hereditary properties based on molecular complementarity), and a prebiotic ecology of co-evolving populations of composomes. In particular, we propose that SUMIs might limit the initial phenotype space of composomes in a coherent way. As examples, we propose that acidocalcisomes arose from interactions and self-selection among SUMIs and that the phosphorylation of proteins in modern cells had its origin in the covalent modification of proteins by PHB. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Doron Lancet and Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo.
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31
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Mazumder M, Padhan N, Bhattacharya A, Gourinath S. Prediction and analysis of canonical EF hand loop and qualitative estimation of Ca²⁺ binding affinity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96202. [PMID: 24760183 PMCID: PMC3997525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of functions carried out by EF hand-containing calcium-binding proteins is due to various interactions made by these proteins as well as the range of affinity levels for Ca2+ displayed by them. However, accurate methods are not available for prediction of binding affinities. Here, amino acid patterns of canonical EF hand sequences obtained from available crystal structures were used to develop a classifier that distinguishes Ca2+-binding loops and non Ca2+-binding regions with 100% accuracy. To investigate further, we performed a proteome-wide prediction for E. histolytica, and classified known EF-hand proteins. We compared our results with published methods on the E. histolytica proteome scan, and demonstrated our method to be more specific and accurate for predicting potential canonical Ca2+-binding loops. Furthermore, we annotated canonical EF-hand motifs and classified them based on their Ca2+-binding affinities using support vector machines. Using a novel method generated from position-specific scoring metrics and then tested against three different experimentally derived EF-hand-motif datasets, predictions of Ca2+-binding affinities were between 87 and 90% accurate. Our results show that the tool described here is capable of predicting Ca2+-binding affinity constants of EF-hand proteins. The web server is freely available at http://202.41.10.46/calb/index.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Mazumder
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Padhan
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Samudrala Gourinath
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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32
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Identification of CP12 as a Novel Calcium-Binding Protein in Chloroplasts. PLANTS 2013; 2:530-40. [PMID: 27137392 PMCID: PMC4844381 DOI: 10.3390/plants2030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Calcium plays an important role in the regulation of several chloroplast processes. However, very little is still understood about the calcium fluxes or calcium-binding proteins present in plastids. Indeed, classical EF-hand containing calcium-binding proteins appears to be mostly absent from plastids. In the present study we analyzed the stroma fraction of Arabidopsis chloroplasts for the presence of novel calcium-binding proteins using 2D-PAGE separation followed by calcium overlay assay. A small acidic protein was identified by mass spectrometry analyses as the chloroplast protein CP12 and the ability of CP12 to bind calcium was confirmed with recombinant proteins. CP12 plays an important role in the regulation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle participating in the assembly of a supramolecular complex between phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicating that calcium signaling could play a role in regulating carbon fixation.
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33
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Shettihalli AK, Gummadi SN. Biochemical evidence for lead and mercury induced transbilayer movement of phospholipids mediated by human phospholipid scramblase 1. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:918-25. [PMID: 23659204 DOI: 10.1021/tx400090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human phospholipid scramblase 1(hPLSCR1) is a transmembrane protein involved in bidirectional scrambling of plasma membrane phospholipids during cell activation, blood coagulation, and apoptosis in response to elevated intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Pb(2+) and Hg(2+) are known to cause procoagulant activation via phosphatidylserine exposure to the external surface in erythrocytes, resulting in blood coagulation. To explore its role in lead and mercury poisoning, hPLSCR1 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using affinity chromatography. The biochemical assay showed rapid scrambling of phospholipids in the presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+). The binding constant (Ka) was calculated and found to be 250 nM(-1) and 170 nM(-1) for Hg(2+) and Pb(2+), respectively. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and far ultraviolet circular dichroism studies revealed that Hg(2+) and Pb(2+) bind to hPLSCR1 and induce conformational changes. hPLSCR1 treated with protein modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide before functional reconstitution showed 40% and 24% inhibition in the presence of Hg(2+) and Pb(2+), respectively. This is the first biochemical evidence to prove the above hypothesis that hPLSCR1 is activated in heavy metal poisoning, which leads to bidirectional transbilayer movement of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Shettihalli
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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34
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Powers ML, McDermott AG, Shaner NC, Haddock SHD. Expression and characterization of the calcium-activated photoprotein from the ctenophore Bathocyroe fosteri: insights into light-sensitive photoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 431:360-6. [PMID: 23262181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding photoproteins have been discovered in a variety of luminous marine organisms [1]. Recent interest in photoproteins from the phylum Ctenophora has stemmed from cloning and expression of several photoproteins from this group [2-5]. Additional characterization has revealed unique biochemical properties found only in ctenophore photoproteins, such as inactivation by light. Here we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of the photoprotein responsible for luminescence in the deep-sea ctenophore Bathocyroe fosteri. This animal was of particular interest due to the unique broad color spectrum observed in live specimens [6]. Full-length sequences were identified by BLAST searches of known photoprotein sequences against Bathocyroe transcripts obtained from 454 sequencing. Recombinantly expressed Bathocyroe photoprotein (BfosPP) displayed an optimal coelenterazine-loading pH of 8.5, and produced calcium-triggered luminescence with peak wavelengths closely matching the 493 nm peak observed in the spectrum of live B. fosteri specimens. Luminescence from recombinant BfosPP was inactivated most efficiently by UV and blue light. Primary structure alignment of BfosPP with other characterized photoproteins showed very strong sequence similarity to other ctenophore photoproteins and conservation of EF-hand motifs. Both alignment and structural prediction data provide more insight into the formation of the coelenterazine-binding domain and the probable mechanism of photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Powers
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
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35
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Zhao S, Liang Z, Demko V, Wilson R, Johansen W, Olsen OA, Shalchian-Tabrizi K. Massive expansion of the calpain gene family in unicellular eukaryotes. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:193. [PMID: 23020305 PMCID: PMC3563603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calpains are Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases that participate in a range of crucial cellular processes. Dysfunction of these enzymes may cause, for instance, life-threatening diseases in humans, the loss of sex determination in nematodes and embryo lethality in plants. Although the calpain family is well characterized in animal and plant model organisms, there is a great lack of knowledge about these genes in unicellular eukaryote species (i.e. protists). Here, we study the distribution and evolution of calpain genes in a wide range of eukaryote genomes from major branches in the tree of life. Results Our investigations reveal 24 types of protein domains that are combined with the calpain-specific catalytic domain CysPc. In total we identify 41 different calpain domain architectures, 28 of these domain combinations have not been previously described. Based on our phylogenetic inferences, we propose that at least four calpain variants were established in the early evolution of eukaryotes, most likely before the radiation of all the major supergroups of eukaryotes. Many domains associated with eukaryotic calpain genes can be found among eubacteria or archaebacteria but never in combination with the CysPc domain. Conclusions The analyses presented here show that ancient modules present in prokaryotes, and a few de novo eukaryote domains, have been assembled into many novel domain combinations along the evolutionary history of eukaryotes. Some of the new calpain genes show a narrow distribution in a few branches in the tree of life, likely representing lineage-specific innovations. Hence, the functionally important classical calpain genes found among humans and vertebrates make up only a tiny fraction of the calpain family. In fact, a massive expansion of the calpain family occurred by domain shuffling among unicellular eukaryotes and contributed to a wealth of functionally different genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhao
- Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, OSLO, N-0136, Norway
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36
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Maki M, Maemoto Y, Osako Y, Shibata H. Evolutionary and physical linkage between calpains and penta-EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins. FEBS J 2012; 279:1414-21. [PMID: 22404899 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The name calpain was historically given to a protease that is activated by Ca(2+) and whose primary structure contains a Ca(2+)-binding penta-EF-hand (PEF) as well as a calpain cysteine protease (CysPc) domain and a C2-domain-like (C2L) domain. In the human genome, CysPc domains are found in 15 genes, but only nine of them encode PEF domains. Fungi and budding yeasts have calpain-like sequences that lack the PEF domain, and each protein (designated PalB and Rim13, respectively) is orthologous to human calpain-7, indicating that the calpain-7 orthologs are evolutionarily more conserved than classical calpains possessing PEF domains. An N-terminal region of calpain-7 has a tandem repeat of microtubule-interacting and transport domains that interact with a subset of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) III proteins. In addition to calpains, PEF domains are found in other Ca(2+)-binding proteins including ALG-2 that associates with ALIX (an ESCRT-III accessory protein) and TSG101 (an ESCRT-I subunit). Phylogenetic comparison of dissected domain structures of calpains and experimentally confirmed protein-protein interaction networks imply that there is an evolutionary and physical linkage between mammalian calpains and PEF proteins involving the ESCRT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maki
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Hattori M, Nakamura M, Komatsu S, Tsuchihara K, Tamura Y, Hasegawa T. Molecular cloning of a novel calcium-binding protein in the secreted saliva of the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:1-9. [PMID: 22019571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Green rice leafhoppers (Nephotettix cincticeps) secrete watery and coagulable saliva in the feeding process. In our study, the watery salivary secretion was concentrated by ultrafiltration from "fed diet" and subjected to SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the most predominant band at 84 kDa (designated NcSP84) was analyzed by Edman degradation. This sequence was completely consistent with the most abundant protein in the salivary gland extracts, which was separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence, the complete cDNA of this protein was cloned by 5'- and 3'-RACE using degenerate primers. The deduced NcSP84 contained an open reading frame of 2061 bp encoding a putative 687 amino acids with a putative signal sequence composed of 19 amino acids. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of NcSP84 did not share statistically significant homology with any sequences in public databases. Motif search predicted that this protein had EF-hands, the most common motif found in Ca(2+) -binding proteins. As predicted, NcSP84 exhibited Ca(2+)-binding activity. The SDS-PAGE mobility of purified NcSP84 bound to Ca(2+) tended to decline discretely, depending on the concentration of CaCl(2) with which it was mixed for 1h before adding SDS buffer. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that the NcSP84 gene and gene product were expressed and stored in type III cells, which are the largest lobes in the primary salivary glands. The NcSP84 protein was detected in the phloem sap of rice exposed to leafhoppers, verifying that the NcSP84 protein was injected into the sieve tubes. These results suggest that NcSP84 could be secreted into the sieve tubes during feeding, which might bind Ca(2+) ions that flow into sieve tubes in response to stylet puncturing. This might suppress sieve-element clogging and facilitate continuous ingestion from sieve tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hattori
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
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Marie B, Trinkler N, Zanella-Cleon I, Guichard N, Becchi M, Paillard C, Marin F. Proteomic identification of novel proteins from the calcifying shell matrix of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 13:955-62. [PMID: 21221694 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The shell of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum is composed of more than 99% calcium carbonate and of a small amount of organic matrix (around 0.2%). In this study, we developed one of the first proteomic approaches applied to mollusc shell in order to characterise the matrix proteins that are believed to be essential for the formation of the biomineral. The insoluble organic matrix, purified after demineralisation of the shell powder with cold acetic acid (5%), was digested with trypsin enzyme and then separated on nano-LC prior to nanospray/quadrupole time-of-flight analysis. MS/MS spectra were searched against the above 11,000 EST sequences available on the NCBI public database for Venerupis. Using this approach, we were able to identify partial or full-length sequence transcripts that encode for shell matrix proteins. These include three novel shell proteins whose sequences do not present any homologous proteins or already described domains, two putative protease inhibitor proteins containing Kazal-type domains, and a putative Ca(2+)-binding protein containing two EF-hand domains. Biomineral formation and evolutionary implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Marie
- UMR 5561 CNRS Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Bd. Gabriel, Dijon, 21000, France.
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Ji PF, Yao CL, Wang ZY. Two types of calmodulin play different roles in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) defenses against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:260-268. [PMID: 21620975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) plays an important role in calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways. In the present study, two alternative splicing isoforms of CaM (named LvCaM-A and LvCaM-B) cDNA were cloned from the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCaM-A was of 1101 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 70 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 581 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 450 bp encoding a polypeptide of 149 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight (Mw) of 17 kDa and pI of 4.41. LvCaM-B was 689 bp, including a same 5'-UTR of 70 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 109 bp and an ORF of 510 bp encoding a polypeptide of 169 amino acids with a calculated Mw of 19 kDa and pI of 4.36. Both LvCaM-A and LvCaM-B contained 4 conservative EF-hand motifs. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed LvCaM-A to be expressed in most shrimp tissues, with the predominant expression in nerve and the weakest expression in heart. However, LvCaM-B expression level was much weaker than those of LvCaM-A in all the tested tissues with main expression in hepatopancreas. The expression of LvCaM-A and LvCaM-B after challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV were tested in hemocytes, hepatopancreas and nerve. The results indicated that LvCaM-A and LvCaM-B transcripts could be significantly induced in hemocytes and hepatopancreas respectively by injection with V. parahaemolyticus. The highest expression of LvCaM-A was in the hemocytes with 2.3 times (at 48 h) greater expression than in the control (p < 0.05). However, sharp down-regulation of both LvCaM-A and LvCaM-B were detected in nerve after Vibrio- and WSSV injection (p < 0.05). These results suggested that CaM might play an important role in shrimp's defense against pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Aquaculture and Food Safety of Fujian Province University, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Franz S, Ehlert B, Liese A, Kurth J, Cazalé AC, Romeis T. Calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK21 functions in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:83-96. [PMID: 20978086 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) comprise a family of plant serine/threonine protein kinases in which the calcium sensing domain and the kinase effector domain are combined within one molecule. So far, a biological function in abiotic stress signaling has only been reported for few CDPK isoforms, whereas the underlying biochemical mechanism for these CDPKs is still mainly unknown. Here, we show that CPK21 from Arabidopsis thaliana is biochemically activated in vivo in response to hyperosmotic stress. Loss-of-function seedlings of cpk21 are more tolerant to hyperosmotic stress and mutant plants show increased stress responses with respect to marker gene expression and metabolite accumulation. In transgenic Arabidopsis complementation lines in the cpk21 mutant background, in which either CPK21 wild-type, or a full-length enzyme variant carrying an amino-acid substitution were stably expressed, stress responsitivity was restored by CPK21 but not with the kinase inactive variant. The biochemical characterization of in planta synthesized and purified CPK21 protein revealed that within the calcium-binding domain, N-terminal EF1- and EF2-motifs compared to C-terminal EF3- and EF4-motifs differ in their contribution to calcium-regulated kinase activity, suggesting a crucial role for the N-terminal EF-hand pair. Our data provide evidence for CPK21 contributing in abiotic stress signaling and suggest that the N-terminal EF-hand pair is a calcium-sensing determinant controlling specificity of CPK21 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Franz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Müller B, Noll GA, Ernst AM, Rüping B, Groscurth S, Twyman RM, Kawchuk LM, Prüfer D. Recombinant artificial forisomes provide ample quantities of smart biomaterials for use in technical devices. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:689-98. [PMID: 20665019 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Forisomes are mechanoproteins that undergo ATP-independent contraction-expansion cycles triggered by divalent cations, pH changes, and electrical stimuli. Although native forisomes from Medicago truncatula comprise a number of subunits encoded by separate genes, here we show that at least two of those subunits (MtSEO1 and MtSEO4) can assemble into homomeric forisome bodies that are functionally similar to their native, multimeric counterparts. We expressed these subunits in plants and yeast, resulting in the purification of large quantities of artificial forisomes with unique characteristics depending on the expression platform. These artificial forisomes were able to contract and expand in vitro like native forisomes and could respond to electrical stimulation when immobilized between interdigital transducer electrodes. These results indicate that recombinant artificial forisomes with specific characteristics can be prepared in large amounts and used as components of microscale and nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Okologie, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Jung HJ, Kim JH, Shim JS, Kwon HJ. A novel Ca2+/calmodulin antagonist HBC inhibits angiogenesis and down-regulates hypoxia-inducible factor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25867-74. [PMID: 20554536 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.135632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that Ca(2+)/calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM) signaling plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. We previously developed a new Ca(2+)/CaM antagonist, HBC (4-{3,5-bis-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl}benzoic acid), from a curcumin-based synthetic chemical library. Here, we investigated its anti-angiogenic activity and mode of action. HBC potently inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HBC blocked in vitro characteristics of angiogenesis such as tube formation and chemoinvasion, as well as neovascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane of growing chick embryos in vivo. Notably, HBC markedly inhibited expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) at the translational level during hypoxia, thereby reducing HIF-1 transcriptional activity and expression of its major target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, combination treatment with HBC and various HIF-1 inhibitors, including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, rapamycin, and terpestacin, had greater anti-angiogenic activity than treatment with each single agent. Collectively, our findings indicate that HBC is a new anti-angiogenic agent targeting HIF that can be used to explore the biological role of Ca(2+)/CaM in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jung
- Chemical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Calflagin inhibition prolongs host survival and suppresses parasitemia in Trypanosoma brucei infection. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2010; 9:934-42. [PMID: 20418379 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00086-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
African trypanosomes express a family of dually acylated, EF-hand calcium-binding proteins called the calflagins. These proteins associate with lipid raft microdomains in the flagellar membrane, where they putatively function as calcium signaling proteins. Here we show that these proteins bind calcium with high affinity and that their expression is regulated during the life cycle stage of the parasite, with protein levels approximately 10-fold higher in the mammalian bloodstream form than in the insect vector procyclic stage. We also demonstrate a role for the calflagins in mammalian infection, as inhibition of the entire calflagin family by RNA interference dramatically increased host survival and attenuated parasitemia in a mouse model of sleeping sickness. In contrast to infection with parental wild-type parasites, which demonstrated an unremitting parasitemia and death within 6 to 10 days, infection with calflagin-depleted parasites demonstrated prolonged survival associated with a sudden decrease in parasitemia at approximately 8 days postinfection. Subsequent relapsing and remitting waves of parasitemia thereafter were associated with alternate expression of the variant surface glycoprotein, suggesting that initial clearance was antigen specific. Interestingly, despite the notable in vivo phenotype and flagellar localization of the calflagins, in vitro analysis of the calflagin-deficient parasites demonstrated normal proliferation, flagellar motility, and morphology. Further analysis of the kinetics of surface antibody clearance also did not demonstrate a deficit in the calflagin-deficient parasites; thus, the molecular basis for the altered course of infection is independent of an effect on parasite cell cycle progression, motility, or degradation of surface-bound antibodies.
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Cao LY, Yin Y, Li H, Jiang Y, Zhang HF. Expression and clinical significance of S100A2 and p63 in esophageal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:4183-8. [PMID: 19725154 PMCID: PMC2738816 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100A2 mRNA and protein, p63 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their roles in carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal carcinoma (EC).
METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining (S-P method) for S100A2 and p63 protein were performed in 40 samples of ESCC and 40 samples of normal esophageal mucosa. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to detect the expression of S100A2 mRNA.
RESULTS: Expression of S100A2 mRNA in ESCC was positive in 77.5% of samples, which was lower than that in normal mucosa (100%) by ISH (P = 0.002). The expression level of S100A2 mRNA was closely related to differentiation and and node-metastasis (P = 0.012, P = 0.008). Expression of S100A2 protein was positive in 72.5% of ESCC samples and expression of p63 protein was positive in 37.5% of ESCC samples, and was lower than that in normal mucosa (100%) (P = 0.000). The expression of S100A2 protein was correlated with the differentiation and node-metastasis (P = 0.007, P = 0.001), but no relationship was observed between the expression of p63 protein and clinical pathological manifestations. S100A2 protein was positively correlated with the expression of S100A2 mRNA, and negatively associated with the expression of p63 protein (P = 0.000, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: S100A2 and p63 protein both play important roles in the carcinogenesis of ESCC. An investigation into the combined expression of S100A2 and p63 may be helpful in early diagnosis and in evaluating the prognosis of ESCC.
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Zhou Y, Frey TK, Yang JJ. Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca2+ and virus. Cell Calcium 2009; 46:1-17. [PMID: 19535138 PMCID: PMC3449087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is one of the most universal and versatile signaling molecules and is involved in almost every aspect of cellular processes. Viruses are adept at utilizing the universal Ca2+ signal to create a tailored cellular environment that meets their own demands. This review summarizes most of the known mechanisms by which viruses perturb Ca2+ homeostasis and utilize Ca2+ and cellular Ca2+-binding proteins to their benefit in their replication cycles. Ca2+ plays important roles in virion structure formation, virus entry, viral gene expression, posttranslational processing of viral proteins and virion maturation and release. As part of the review, we introduce an algorithm to identify linear “EF-hand” Ca2+-binding motifs which resulted in the prediction of a total of 93 previously unrecognized Ca2+-binding motifs in virus proteins. Many of these proteins are nonstructural proteins, a class of proteins among which Ca2+ interactions had not been formerly appreciated. The presence of linear Ca2+-binding motifs in viral proteins enlarges the spectrum of Ca2+–virus interplay and expands the total scenario of viral calciomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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Grujic O, Bhullar RP. Ral GTPase interacts with the N-terminal in addition to the C-terminal region of PLC-δ1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:401-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ha EM, Lee KA, Park SH, Kim SH, Nam HJ, Lee HY, Kang D, Lee WJ. Regulation of DUOX by the Galphaq-phospholipase Cbeta-Ca2+ pathway in Drosophila gut immunity. Dev Cell 2009; 16:386-97. [PMID: 19289084 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
All metazoan guts are in constant contact with diverse food-borne microorganisms. The signaling mechanisms by which the host regulates gut-microbe interactions, however, are not yet clear. Here, we show that phospholipase C-beta (PLCbeta) signaling modulates dual oxidase (DUOX) activity to produce microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) essential for normal host survival. Gut-microbe contact rapidly activates PLCbeta through Galphaq, which in turn mobilizes intracellular Ca(2+) through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation for DUOX-dependent ROS production. PLCbeta mutant flies had a short life span due to the uncontrolled propagation of an essential nutritional microbe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the gut. Gut-specific reintroduction of the PLCbeta restored efficient DUOX-dependent microbe-eliminating capacity and normal host survival. These results demonstrate that the Galphaq-PLCbeta-Ca(2+)-DUOX-ROS signaling pathway acts as a bona fide first line of defense that enables gut epithelia to dynamically control yeast during the Drosophila life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Ha
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
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Jung HJ, Shim JS, Park J, Ha HJ, Kim JH, Kim JG, Kim ND, Yoon JH, Kwon HJ. Identification and validation of calmodulin as a binding protein of an anti-proliferative small molecule 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium salt. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:423-32. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Jia Y, Pérez JC. Recombinant expression and affinity purification of snake venom gland parvalbumin in Escherichia coli. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 153:303-8. [PMID: 19275943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumins (PV) are small, acidic, water soluble and calcium-binding proteins generally present in muscular and nervous tissues. In the present study, we identified and characterized a cDNA clone encoding PV, named AplPV, from a snake (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) venom gland cDNA library. AplPV belongs to EF-hand proteins with six alpha-helices constituting three EF-hand domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of AplPV is 91% and 68% identical to the previously characterized PVs of Boa constrictor and Cyprinus carpio, respectively. The full-length cDNA was subcloned into the expression vector pGEX and transformed into Escherichia coli (E.coli) to produce recombinant protein. The bacterially expressed GST-AplPV fusion protein was highly expressed, and effectively purified by Glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. A high concentration of thrombin protease specifically cleaved and removed the GST tag from fusion protein, and further purified by Benzamidine column for removal of thrombin protease. As a result, the 12 kDa AplPV recombinant protein alone was purified. To investigate the tissue-specific biological occurrence of AplPV, a polyclonal antibody (anti-AplPV-antibody) was raised against GST-AplPV fusion protein in rabbit. Western blot analysis revealed that immunoreactive bands were exhibited in both recombinant protein and samples of venom glands, but not in any crude venom. This specific occurrence indicates a specialized function of AplPV in snake venom glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jia
- Natural Toxins Research Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
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Laude AJ, Simpson AWM. Compartmentalized signalling: Ca2+ compartments, microdomains and the many facets of Ca2+ signalling. FEBS J 2009; 276:1800-16. [PMID: 19243429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) regulates a multitude of cellular processes and does so by partitioning its actions in space and time. In this review, we discuss how Ca(2+) responses are constructed from small quantal (elementary) events that have the potential to propagate to produce large pan-cellular responses. We review how Ca(2+) is compartmentalized both physically and functionally, and describe how each organelle has its own distinct Ca(2+)-handling properties. We explain how coordination of the movement of Ca(2+) between organelles is used to shape and hone Ca(2+) signals. Finally, we provide a number of specific examples of where compartmentation and localization of Ca(2+) are crucial to cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Laude
- Department Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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