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Kim J, Lee MC, Jeon J, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Endo Y, Kim DS, Madrigal-Salazar AD, Seo JW, Lee H, Kim KT, Moon JI, Park SG, Lopez-Pacheco MC, Alkhateeb AF, Sobahi N, Bassous N, Liu W, Lee JS, Kim S, Aykut DY, Nasr ML, Hussain MA, Lee SH, Kim WJ, Pourquié O, Sinha I, Shin SR. Combinational regenerative inductive effect of bio-adhesive hybrid hydrogels conjugated with hiPSC-derived myofibers and its derived EVs for volumetric muscle regeneration. Bioact Mater 2025; 43:579-602. [PMID: 40115877 PMCID: PMC11923440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2025] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess the potential to repair injured cells by delivering modulatory factors. However, the therapeutic effect of EVs in large-scale tissue defects, which are subject to prolonged timelines for tissue architecture and functional restoration, remains poorly understood. In this study, we introduce EVs and cell-tethering hybrid hydrogels composed of tyramine-conjugated gelatin (GelTA) that can be in-situ crosslinked with EVs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myofibers (hiPSC-myofibers) and hiPSC-muscle precursor cells. This hybrid hydrogel sustains the release of EVs and provides a beneficial nano-topography and mechanical properties for creating a favorable extracellular matrix. Secreted EVs from the hiPSC-myofibers contain specific microRNAs, potentially improving myogenesis and angiogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate increased myogenic markers and fusion/differentiation indexes through the combinatory effects of EVs and integrin-mediated adhesions in the 3D matrix. Furthermore, we observe a unique impact of EVs, which aid in maintaining the viability and phenotype of myofibers under harsh environments. The hybrid hydrogel in-situ crosslinked with hiPSCs and EVs is facilely used to fabricate large-scale muscle constructs by the stacking of micro-patterned hydrogel domains. Later, we confirmed a combinational effect, whereby muscle tissue regeneration and functional restoration were improved, via an in vivo murine volumetric muscle loss model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseong Kim
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-delaRosa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yori Endo
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Donaxi Madrigal-Salazar
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45121, Mexico
| | - Jeong Wook Seo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hyeseon Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Dental Multi-omics Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Epigenetic Regulation of Aged Skeleto-Muscular System Laboratory, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-I Moon
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Dental Multi-omics Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Epigenetic Regulation of Aged Skeleto-Muscular System Laboratory, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gwa Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Dental Multi-omics Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Epigenetic Regulation of Aged Skeleto-Muscular System Laboratory, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariana Carolina Lopez-Pacheco
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45121, Mexico
| | - Abdulhameed F Alkhateeb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nebras Sobahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicole Bassous
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jae Seo Lee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Seongsoo Kim
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dilara Yilmaz Aykut
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mahmoud Lotfi Nasr
- Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- College of Medicine, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohammad Asif Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Dental Multi-omics Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Epigenetic Regulation of Aged Skeleto-Muscular System Laboratory, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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2
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Ge R, Zhang L, Yang Y, Chen K, Li C. Arpc2 integrates ecdysone and juvenile hormone metabolism to influence metamorphosis and reproduction in Tribolium castaneum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3734-3742. [PMID: 38477435 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actin-related protein 2/3 complex regulates actin polymerization and the formation of branched actin networks. However, the function and evolutionary relationship of this complex subunit 2 (Arpc2) has been poorly understood in insects. RESULTS To address these issues, we performed comprehensive analysis of Arpc2 in Tribolium castaneum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Arpc2 was originated from one ancestral gene in animals but evolved independently between vertebrates and insects after species differentiation. T. castaneum Arpc2 has a 906-bp coding sequence and consists of 4 exons. Arpc2 transcripts were abundantly detected in embryos and pupae but less so in larvae and adults, while it had high expression in the gut, fat body and head but low expression in the epidermis of late-stage larvae. Knockdown of it at the late larval stage inhibited the pupation and resulted in arrested larvae. Silencing it in 1-day pupae impaired eclosion, which caused adult wings to fail to close. Injection of Arpc2 dsRNAs into 5-day pupae made adults have smaller testis and ovary and could not lay eggs. The expression of vitellogenin 1 (Vg1), Vg2 and Vg receptor (VgR) was downregulated after knocking down Arpc2 5 days post-adult emergence. Arpc2 silencing reduced 20-hydroxyecdysone titer by affecting the enzymes of its biosynthesis and catabolism but increased juvenile biosynthesis via upregulating JHAMT3 expression. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Arpc2 is associated with the metamorphosis and reproduction by integrating ecdysone and juvenile hormone metabolism in T. castaneum. This study provides theoretical basis for developing Arpc2 as a potential RNA interference target for pest control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runting Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Chatterjee P, Mukherjee S, Majumder P. Shaping Drosophila eggs: unveiling the roles of Arpc1 and cpb in morphogenesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38960936 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The Drosophila egg chamber (EC) starts as a spherical tissue at the beginning. With maturation, the outer follicle cells of EC collectively migrate in a direction perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis, to shape EC from spherical to ellipsoidal. Filamentous actin (F-actin) plays a significant role in shaping individual migratory cells to the overall EC shape, like in every cell migration. The primary focus of this article is to unveil the function of different Actin Binding Proteins (ABPs) in regulating mature Drosophila egg shape. We have screened 66 ABPs, and the genetic screening data revealed that individual knockdown of Arp2/3 complex genes and the "capping protein β" (cpb) gene have severely altered the egg phenotype. Arpc1 and cpb RNAi mediated knockdown resulted in the formation of spherical eggs which are devoid of dorsal appendages. Studies also showed the role of Arpc1 and cpb on the number of laid eggs and follicle cell morphology. Furthermore, the depletion of Arpc1 and cpb resulted in a change in F-actin quantity. Together, the data indicate that Arpc1 and cpb regulate Drosophila egg shape, F-actin management, egg-laying characteristics and dorsal appendages formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sandipan Mukherjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Pralay Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Narayan JA, Manoj VM, Nerkar G, Chakravarthi M, Dharshini S, Subramonian N, Premachandran MN, Valarmathi R, Kumar RA, Gomathi R, Surendar KK, Hemaprabha G, Appunu C. Transgenic sugarcane with higher levels of BRK1 showed improved drought tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1611-1628. [PMID: 37578541 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Transgenic sugarcane overexpressing BRK1 showed improved tolerance to drought stress through modulation of actin polymerization and formation of interlocking marginal lobes in epidermal leaf cells, a typical feature associated with BRK1 expression under drought stress. BRICK1 (BRK1) genes promote leaf epidermal cell morphogenesis and division in plants that involves local actin polymerization. Although the changes in actin filament organization during drought have been reported, the role of BRK in stress tolerance remains unknown. In our previous work, the drought-tolerant Erianthus arundinaceus exhibited high levels of the BRK gene expression under drought stress. Therefore, in the present study, the drought-responsive gene, BRK1 from Saccharum spontaneum, was transformed into sugarcane to test if it conferred drought tolerance in the commercial sugarcane cultivar Co 86032. The transgenic lines were subjected to drought stress, and analyzed using physiological parameters for drought stress. The drought-induced BRK1-overexpressing lines of sugarcane exhibited significantly higher transgene expression compared with the wild-type control and also showed improved physiological parameters. In addition, the formation of interlocking marginal lobes in the epidermal leaf cells, a typical feature associated with BRK1 expression, was observed in all transgenic BRK1 lines during drought stress. This is the first report to suggest that BRK1 plays a role in sugarcane acclimation to drought stress and may prove to be a potential candidate in genetic engineering of plants for enhanced biomass production under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ashwin Narayan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - V M Manoj
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - Gauri Nerkar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - M Chakravarthi
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - S Dharshini
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - N Subramonian
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - M N Premachandran
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - R Valarmathi
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - R Arun Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - R Gomathi
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - K Krisha Surendar
- Deprtament of Plant Physiology, Paddy Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - G Hemaprabha
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India
| | - C Appunu
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641007, India.
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Zhang W, Wu Y, J Gunst S. Membrane adhesion junctions regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype and function. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2321-2347. [PMID: 36796098 PMCID: PMC10243546 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The local environment surrounding airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells has profound effects on the physiological and phenotypic properties of ASM tissues. ASM is continually subjected to the mechanical forces generated during breathing and to the constituents of its surrounding extracellular milieu. The smooth muscle cells within the airways continually modulate their properties to adapt to these changing environmental influences. Smooth muscle cells connect to the extracellular cell matrix (ECM) at membrane adhesion junctions that provide mechanical coupling between smooth muscle cells within the tissue. Membrane adhesion junctions also sense local environmental signals and transduce them to cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling pathways in the ASM cell. Adhesion junctions are composed of clusters of transmembrane integrin proteins that bind to ECM proteins outside the cell and to large multiprotein complexes in the submembranous cytoplasm. Physiological conditions and stimuli from the surrounding ECM are sensed by integrin proteins and transduced by submembranous adhesion complexes to signaling pathways to the cytoskeleton and nucleus. The transmission of information between the local environment of the cells and intracellular processes enables ASM cells to rapidly adapt their physiological properties to modulating influences in their extracellular environment: mechanical and physical forces that impinge on the cell, ECM constituents, local mediators, and metabolites. The structure and molecular organization of adhesion junction complexes and the actin cytoskeleton are dynamic and constantly changing in response to environmental influences. The ability of ASM to rapidly accommodate to the ever-changing conditions and fluctuating physical forces within its local environment is essential for its normal physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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7
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Ecke M, Prassler J, Gerisch G. Expanding ring-shaped cleavage furrows in multinucleate cells. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar27. [PMID: 36652336 PMCID: PMC10092652 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-10-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleate cells of Dictyostelium discoideum divide usually by unilateral cleavage furrows that ingress from the cell border. Along their path into the cell, they follow regions that are rich in myosin II and cortexillin and leave out the areas around the spindle poles that are populated with microtubule asters. In cells of a D. discoideum mutant that remain spread during mitosis we observed, as a rare event, cleavage by the expansion of a hole that is initiated in the middle of the cell area and has no connection with the cell's periphery. Here we show that these ring-shaped furrows develop in two phases, the first being reversible. During the first phase, the dorsal and ventral cell cortices come in close apposition and the cell membrane detaches locally from the substrate surface. The second phase comprises formation of the hole by membrane fusion and expansion of the opening toward the border of the cell, eventually cutting the multinucleate cell into pieces. We address the three-dimensional organization of ring-shaped furrows, their interaction with lateral furrows, and their association with filamentous myosin II and cortexillin. Thus, despite their geometrical divergence, similar molecular mechanisms might link the expanding hole to the standard contractile ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ecke
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jana Prassler
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Günther Gerisch
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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8
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Ostalé CM, Vega-Cuesta P, González T, López-Varea A, de Celis JF. RNAi screen in the Drosophila wing of genes encoding proteins related to cytoskeleton organization and cell division. Dev Biol 2023; 498:61-76. [PMID: 37015290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell division and cytoskeleton organization are fundamental processes participating in the development of Drosophila imaginal discs. In this manuscript we describe the phenotypes in the adult fly wing generated by knockdowns of 85% of Drosophila genes encoding proteins likely related to the regulation of cell division and cytoskeleton organization. We also compile a molecular classification of these proteins into classes that describe their expected or known main biochemical characteristics, as well as mRNA expression in the wing disc and likely protein subcellular localization for a subset of these genes. Finally, we analyze in more detail one protein family of cytoskeleton genes (Arp2/3 complex), and define the consequences of interfering with cell division for wing growth and patterning.
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9
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Wills RC, Hammond GRV. PI(4,5)P2: signaling the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2022; 479:2311-2325. [PMID: 36367756 PMCID: PMC9704524 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide, phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the biological regulation of plasma membrane (PM) function. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling, transport and structural roles the lipid plays at the cell surface in animal cells. These include being substrate for second messenger generation, direct modulation of receptors, control of membrane traffic, regulation of ion channels and transporters, and modulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. We conclude by re-evaluating PI(4,5)P2's designation as a signaling molecule, instead proposing a cofactor role, enabling PM-selective function for many proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Gerald R. V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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10
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Oh J, Xia X, Wong WKR, Wong SHD, Yuan W, Wang H, Lai CHN, Tian Y, Ho YP, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li G, Lin Y, Bian L. The Effect of the Nanoparticle Shape on T Cell Activation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107373. [PMID: 35297179 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of extracellular ligand nano-geometry in ex vivo T cell activation for immunotherapy remains elusive. Herein, the authors demonstrate large aspect ratio (AR) of gold nanorods (AuNRs) conjugated on cell culture substrate enhancing both murine and human T cell activation through the nanoscale anisotropic presentation of stimulatory ligands (anti-CD3(αCD3) and anti-CD28(αCD28) antibodies). AuNRs with large AR bearing αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies significantly promote T cell expansion and key cytokine secretion including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). High membrane tension observed in large AR AuNRs regulates actin filament and focal adhesion assembly and develops maturation-related morphological features in T cells such as membrane ruffle formation, cell spreading, and large T cell receptor (TCR) cluster formation. Anisotropic stimulatory ligand presentation promotes differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells toward the effector phenotype inducing CD137 expression upon co-culture with human cervical carcinoma. The findings suggest the importance of manipulating extracellular ligand nano-geometry in optimizing T cell behaviors to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xingyu Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wai Ki Ricky Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chun Him Nathanael Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Honglu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, Guang Dong, 518000, China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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11
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Kramer DA, Piper HK, Chen B. WASP family proteins: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151244. [PMID: 35667337 PMCID: PMC9357188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family play a central role in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics in a wide range of cellular processes. Genetic mutations or misregulation of these proteins are tightly associated with many diseases. The WASP-family proteins act by transmitting various upstream signals to their conserved WH2-Central-Acidic (WCA) peptide sequence at the C-terminus, which in turn binds to the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate the formation of branched actin networks at membranes. Despite this common feature, the regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of distinct WASP-family proteins are very different. Here, we summarize and clarify our current understanding of WASP-family proteins and how disruption of their functions is related to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kramer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hannah K Piper
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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12
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Martin E, Suzanne M. Functions of Arp2/3 Complex in the Dynamics of Epithelial Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886288. [PMID: 35557951 PMCID: PMC9089454 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelia are sheets of cells that communicate and coordinate their behavior in order to ensure their barrier function. Among the plethora of proteins involved in epithelial dynamics, actin nucleators play an essential role. The branched actin nucleation complex Arp2/3 has numerous functions, such as the regulation of cell-cell adhesion, intracellular trafficking, the formation of protrusions, that have been well described at the level of individual cells. Here, we chose to focus on its role in epithelial tissue, which is rising attention in recent works. We discuss how the cellular activities of the Arp2/3 complex drive epithelial dynamics and/or tissue morphogenesis. In the first part, we examined how this complex influences cell-cell cooperation at local scale in processes such as cell-cell fusion or cell corpses engulfment. In the second part, we summarized recent papers dealing with the impact of the Arp2/3 complex at larger scale, focusing on different morphogenetic events, including cell intercalation, epithelial tissue closure and epithelial folding. Altogether, this review highlights the central role of Arp2/3 in a diversity of epithelial tissue reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Martin
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,FR3743 Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Suzanne
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,FR3743 Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Toulouse, France
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13
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An N, Hou R, Liu Y, Han P, Zhao W, Wu W, Lu S, Ji H, Dong J. Application of iTRAQ Technology to Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins of Sauce Lamb Tripe with Different Secondary Pasteurization Treatments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081166. [PMID: 35454754 PMCID: PMC9032106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuum-packed sauce lamb tripe was subjected to secondary pasteurization by high-pressure processing (HPP) and heat treatment (HT), and iTRAQ technology was applied to investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The analysis revealed 484 and 398 DEPs in the HPP and HT samples, respectively, compared with no treatment. These DEPs were sorted by texture results, and it was revealed that these DEPs acted in different biological processes with many structural proteins and protein subunits related to lamb tripe texture. The results verified by Western blot were consistent with the protein expression changes observed by proteomics. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the hardness and gumminess of the sauce lamb tripe after HT might be related to changes in the expression of CNN1 and FN1. The changes in the expression of TMP, FN1, YWHAG, TTN, collagen isoforms, and ARPC3 might be related to the improved springiness and chewiness of lamb tripe after HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Ran Hou
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Yangming Liu
- Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Ping Han
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Wenxia Wu
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Shiling Lu
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hua Ji
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Juan Dong
- College of Food Quality and Safety, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (N.A.); (R.H.); (P.H.); (W.W.); (S.L.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-099-3205-8735; Fax: +86-099-3205-7399
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14
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Delgado MG, Rivera CA, Lennon-Duménil AM. Macropinocytosis and Cell Migration: Don't Drink and Drive…. Subcell Biochem 2022; 98:85-102. [PMID: 35378704 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94004-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a nonspecific mechanism by which cells compulsively "drink" the surrounding extracellular fluids in order to feed themselves or sample the molecules therein, hence gaining information about their environment. This process is cell-intrinsically incompatible with the migration of many cells, implying that the two functions are antagonistic. The migrating cell uses a molecular switch to stop and explore its surrounding fluid by macropinocytosis, after which it employs the same molecular machinery to start migrating again to examine another location. This cycle of migration/macropinocytosis allows cells to explore tissues, and it is key to a range of physiological processes. Evidence of this evolutionarily conserved antagonism between the two processes can be found in several cell types-immune cells, for example, being particularly adept-and ancient organisms (e.g., the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum). How macropinocytosis and migration are negatively coupled is the subject of this chapter.
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15
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Li J, Ye Y, Liu Z, Zhang G, Dai H, Li J, Zhou B, Li Y, Zhao Q, Huang J, Feng J, Liu S, Ruan P, Wang J, Liu J, Huang M, Liu X, Yu S, Liang Z, Ma L, Gou X, Zhang G, Chen N, Lu Y, Di C, Xia Q, Pan J, Feng R, Cai Q, Su S. Macrophage mitochondrial fission improves cancer cell phagocytosis induced by therapeutic antibodies and is impaired by glutamine competition. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:453-470. [PMID: 35484420 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is required for the optimal efficacy of many approved and promising therapeutic antibodies for various malignancies. However, the factors that determine the response to therapies that rely on phagocytosis remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial fission in macrophages induced by multiple antibodies is essential for phagocytosis of live tumor cells. Tumor cells resistant to phagocytosis inhibit mitochondrial fission of macrophages by overexpressing glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2), which can be targeted to improve antibody efficacy. Mechanistically, increased cytosolic calcium by mitochondrial fission abrogates the phase transition of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome interacting protein (WIP) complex and enables protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) to phosphorylate WIP during phagocytosis. GFPT2-mediated excessive use of glutamine by tumor cells impairs mitochondrial fission and prevents access of PKC-θ to compartmentalized WIP in macrophages. Our data suggest that mitochondrial dynamics dictate the phase transition of the phagocytic machinery and identify GFPT2 as a potential target to improve antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boxuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Peigang Ruan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gou
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qidong Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492712 PMCID: PMC10363595 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes carry and transmit signaling molecules used for intercellular communication. The generation and secretion of exosomes is a multistep interlocking process that allows simultaneous control of multiple regulatory sites. Protein molecules, mainly RAB GTPases, cytoskeletal proteins and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (SNARE), are specifically regulated in response to pathological conditions such as altered cellular microenvironment, stimulation by pathogenic factors, or gene mutation. This interferes with the smooth functioning of endocytosis, translocation, degradation, docking and fusion processes, leading to changes in the secretion of exosomes. Large numbers of secreted exosomes are disseminated by the flow of body fluids and absorbed by the recipient cells. By transmitting characteristic functional proteins and genetic information produced under disease conditions, exosomes can change the physiological state of the recipient cells and their microenvironment. The microenvironment, in turn, affects the occurrence and development of disease. Therefore, this review will discuss the mechanism by which exosome secretion is regulated in cells following the formation of mature secretory multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The overall aim is to find ways to eliminate disease-derived exosomes at their source, thereby providing an important new basis for the clinical treatment of disease.
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17
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Cytoskeleton regulation: Distinct steps in Arp2/3 complex activation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R220-R222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Bonfim-Melo A, Duszyc K, Gomez GA, Yap AS. Regulating life after death: how mechanical communication mediates the epithelial response to apoptosis. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:9. [PMID: 35076820 PMCID: PMC8789724 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that cells in tissues and organs can communicate with one another using mechanical forces. Such mechanical signalling can serve as a basis for the assembly of cellular communities. For this to occur, there must be local instabilities in tissue mechanics that are the source of the signals, and mechanisms for changes in mechanical force to be transmitted and detected within tissues. In this review, we discuss these principles using the example of cell death by apoptosis, when it occurs in epithelia. This elicits the phenomenon of apical extrusion, which can rapidly eliminate apoptotic cells by expelling them from the epithelium. Apoptotic extrusion requires that epithelial cells detect the presence of nearby apoptotic cells, something which can be elicited by the mechanotransduction of tensile instabilities caused by the apoptotic cell. We discuss the central role that adherens junctions can play in the transmission and detection of mechanical signals from apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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19
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Kamnev A, Lacouture C, Fusaro M, Dupré L. Molecular Tuning of Actin Dynamics in Leukocyte Migration as Revealed by Immune-Related Actinopathies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750537. [PMID: 34867982 PMCID: PMC8634686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility is a crucial activity of immune cells allowing them to patrol tissues as they differentiate, sample or exchange information, and execute their effector functions. Although all immune cells are highly migratory, each subset is endowed with very distinct motility patterns in accordance with functional specification. Furthermore individual immune cell subsets adapt their motility behaviour to the surrounding tissue environment. This review focuses on how the generation and adaptation of diversified motility patterns in immune cells is sustained by actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we review the knowledge gained through the study of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) related to actin defects. Such pathologies are unique models that help us to uncover the contribution of individual actin regulators to the migration of immune cells in the context of their development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kamnev
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Lacouture
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire De Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université De Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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20
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O'Neil SD, Rácz B, Brown WE, Gao Y, Soderblom EJ, Yasuda R, Soderling SH. Action potential-coupled Rho GTPase signaling drives presynaptic plasticity. eLife 2021; 10:63756. [PMID: 34269176 PMCID: PMC8285108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to their postsynaptic counterparts, the contributions of activity-dependent cytoskeletal signaling to presynaptic plasticity remain controversial and poorly understood. To identify and evaluate these signaling pathways, we conducted a proteomic analysis of the presynaptic cytomatrix using in vivo biotin identification (iBioID). The resultant proteome was heavily enriched for actin cytoskeleton regulators, including Rac1, a Rho GTPase that activates the Arp2/3 complex to nucleate branched actin filaments. Strikingly, we find Rac1 and Arp2/3 are closely associated with synaptic vesicle membranes in adult mice. Using three independent approaches to alter presynaptic Rac1 activity (genetic knockout, spatially restricted inhibition, and temporal optogenetic manipulation), we discover that this pathway negatively regulates synaptic vesicle replenishment at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, bidirectionally sculpting short-term synaptic depression. Finally, we use two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging to show that presynaptic Rac1 activation is coupled to action potentials by voltage-gated calcium influx. Thus, this study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism of actin-regulated short-term presynaptic plasticity that is conserved across excitatory and inhibitory terminals. It also provides a new proteomic framework for better understanding presynaptic physiology, along with a blueprint of experimental strategies to isolate the presynaptic effects of ubiquitously expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Walter Evan Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Yudong Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, United States
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
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21
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Grishin A, Voth K, Gagarinova A, Cygler M. Structural biology of the invasion arsenal of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. FEBS J 2021; 289:1385-1427. [PMID: 33650300 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, there has been a tremendous progress in the understanding of host-pathogen interactions and the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens modulate behavior of the host cell. Pathogens use secretion systems to inject a set of proteins, called effectors, into the cytosol of the host cell. These effectors are secreted in a highly regulated, temporal manner and interact with host proteins to modify a multitude of cellular processes. The number of effectors varies between pathogens from ~ 30 to as many as ~ 350. The functional redundancy of effectors encoded by each pathogen makes it difficult to determine the cellular effects or function of individual effectors, since their individual knockouts frequently produce no easily detectable phenotypes. Structural biology of effector proteins and their interactions with host proteins, in conjunction with cell biology approaches, has provided invaluable information about the cellular function of effectors and underlying molecular mechanisms of their modes of action. Many bacterial effectors are functionally equivalent to host proteins while being structurally divergent from them. Other effector proteins display new, previously unobserved functionalities. Here, we summarize the contribution of the structural characterization of effectors and effector-host protein complexes to our understanding of host subversion mechanisms used by the most commonly investigated Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. We describe in some detail the enzymatic activities discovered among effector proteins and how they affect various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Grishin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kevin Voth
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Alla Gagarinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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22
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Li J, Chen Y, Gao J, Chen Y, Zhou C, Lin X, Liu C, Zhao M, Xu Y, Ji L, Jiang Z, Pan B, Zheng L. Eva1a ameliorates atherosclerosis by promoting re-endothelialization of injured arteries via Rac1/Cdc42/Arpc1b. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:450-461. [PMID: 31977009 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Eva-1 homologue 1 (Eva1a) is a novel protein involved in the regulation of cardiac remodelling and plaque stability, but little is known about its role in re-endothelialization and the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Thus, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the function of Eva1a in re-endothelialization and AS. METHODS AND RESULTS Wire injuries of carotid and femoral arteries were established in Eva1a-/- mice. Eva1a-deficient mice were crossed with apolipoprotein E-/- (ApoE-/-) mice to evaluate AS development and re-endothelialization of carotid artery injuries. Denudation of the carotid artery at 3, 5, and 7 days was significantly aggravated in Eva1a-/- mice. The neointima of the femoral artery at 14 and 28 days was consequently exacerbated in Eva1a-/- mice. The area of atherosclerotic lesions was increased in Eva1a-/-ApoE-/- mice. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we performed transwell, scratch migration, cell counting kit-8, and bromodeoxyuridine assays using cultured human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs), which demonstrated that EVA1A promoted HAEC migration and proliferation. Proteomics revealed that the level of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (Arpc1b) was decreased, while Eva1a expression was absent. Arpc1b was found to be a downstream molecule of EVA1A by small interfering RNA transfection assay. Activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases was also regulated by EVA1A. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into anti-atherogenesis effects of Eva1a by promoting endothelium repair. Thus, Eva1a is a promising therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Li
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changping Zhou
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yangkai Xu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Taiping Road 25, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing 100050, China
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Xie Q, Gao Y, Li J, Yang Q, Qu X, Li H, Zhang J, Wang T, Ye Z, Yang C. The HD-Zip IV transcription factor SlHDZIV8 controls multicellular trichome morphology by regulating the expression of Hairless-2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7132-7145. [PMID: 32930788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal appendages that serve as excellent models to study cell morphogenesis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying trichome morphogenesis in Arabidopsis has been well characterized, most of the regulators essential for multicellular trichome morphology remain unknown in tomato. In this study, we determined that the recessive hairless-2 (hl-2) mutation in tomato causes severe distortion of all trichome types, along with increased stem fragility. Using map-based cloning, we found that the hl-2 phenotype was associated with a 100 bp insertion in the coding region of Nck-associated protein 1, a component of the SCAR/WAVE complex. Direct protein-protein interaction was detected between Hl-2 and Hl (SRA1, specifically Rac1-associated protein) using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays, suggesting that these proteins may work together during trichome formation. In addition, knock-down of a HD-Zip IV transcription factor, HDZIPIV8, distorted trichomes similar to the hl-2 mutant. HDZIPIV8 regulates the expression of Hl-2 by binding to the L1-box in the Hl-2 promoter region, and is involved in organizing actin filaments. The brittleness of hl-2 stems was found to result from decreased cellulose content. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Hl-2 gene plays an important role in controlling multicellular trichome morphogenesis and mechanical properties of stems in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanna Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Yao Q, Ye Z, Mañas A, Xiang J. Ubl4A is critical for mitochondrial fusion process under nutrient deprivation stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242700. [PMID: 33211772 PMCID: PMC7676689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission are dynamic processes regulated by the cellular microenvironment. Under nutrient starvation conditions, mitochondrial fusion is strengthened for energy conservation. We have previously shown that newborns of Ubl4A-deficient mice were more sensitive to starvation stress with a higher rate of mortality than their wild-type littermates. Ubl4A binds with the actin-related protein Arp2/3 complex to synergize the actin branching process. Here, we showed that deficiency in Ubl4A resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. A defect in the fusion process was the main cause of the mitochondrial fragmentation and resulted from a shortage of primed Arp2/3 complex pool around the mitochondria in the Ubl4A-deficient cells compared to the wild-type cells. As a result, the mitochondrial fusion process was not undertaken quickly enough to sustain starvation stress-induced cell death. Consequently, fragmented mitochondria lost their membrane integrity and ROS was accumulated to trigger caspase 9-dependent apoptosis before autophagic rescue. Furthermore, the wild-type Ubl4A, but not the Arp2/3-binding deficient mutant, could rescue the starvation-induced mitochondrial fragmentation phenotype. These results suggest that Ubl4A promotes the mitochondrial fusion process via Arp2/3 complex during the initial response to nutrient deprivation for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Zijing Ye
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Adriana Mañas
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jialing Xiang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Balzer CJ, James ML, Narvaez-Ortiz HY, Helgeson LA, Sirotkin V, Nolen BJ. Synergy between Wsp1 and Dip1 may initiate assembly of endocytic actin networks. eLife 2020; 9:60419. [PMID: 33179595 PMCID: PMC7707826 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin filament nucleator Arp2/3 complex is activated at cortical sites in Schizosaccharomyces pombe to assemble branched actin networks that drive endocytosis. Arp2/3 complex activators Wsp1 and Dip1 are required for proper actin assembly at endocytic sites, but how they coordinately control Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly is unknown. Alone, Dip1 activates Arp2/3 complex without preexisting actin filaments to nucleate ‘seed’ filaments that activate Wsp1-bound Arp2/3 complex, thereby initiating branched actin network assembly. In contrast, because Wsp1 requires preexisting filaments to activate, it has been assumed to function exclusively in propagating actin networks by stimulating branching from preexisting filaments. Here we show that Wsp1 is important not only for propagation but also for initiation of endocytic actin networks. Using single molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy we show that Wsp1 synergizes with Dip1 to co-activate Arp2/3 complex. Synergistic co-activation does not require preexisting actin filaments, explaining how Wsp1 contributes to actin network initiation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Balzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Michael L James
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Heidy Y Narvaez-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Luke A Helgeson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Vladimir Sirotkin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
| | - Brad J Nolen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
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26
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Amaroli A, Sabbieti MG, Marchetti L, Zekiy AO, Utyuzh AS, Marchegiani A, Laus F, Cuteri V, Benedicenti S, Agas D. The effects of 808-nm near-infrared laser light irradiation on actin cytoskeleton reorganization in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1003-1016. [PMID: 33159579 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the cell organelles and thus changing cell homeostatic behavior has permitted the discovery of fascinating metabolic features enabling enhanced viability, differentiation, or quenching inflammation. Recently, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been accredited as an effective cell manipulation technique with promising therapeutic potential. In this prospective, in vitro results revealed that 808-nm laser light emitted by a hand-piece with a flat-top profile at an irradiation set up of 60 J/cm2 (1 W, 1 W/cm2; 60 s, continuous wave) regulates bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation toward osteogenesis. Considering the importance of actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which controls a range of cell metabolic activities, comprising shape change, proliferation and differentiation, the aim of the current work is to assess whether PBM therapy, using a flat-top hand-piece at higher-fluence irradiation on BMSCs, is able to switch photon signals into the stimulation of biochemical/differentiating pathways involving key activators that regulate de novo actin polymerization. Namely, for the first time, we unearthed the role of the flat-top hand-piece at higher-fluence irradiation on cytoskeletal characteristics of BMSCs. These novel findings meet the needs of novel therapeutically protocols provided by laser treatment and the manipulation of BMSCs as anti-inflammatory, osteo-inductive platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Luigi Marchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy S Utyuzh
- Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetzkaya St., 8, Bd. 2, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (Macerata), Italy.
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27
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Involvement of Actin and Actin-Binding Proteins in Carcinogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102245. [PMID: 33036298 PMCID: PMC7600575 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in many cellular processes while its reorganization is important in maintaining cell homeostasis. However, in the case of cancer cells, actin and ABPs (actin-binding proteins) are involved in all stages of carcinogenesis. Literature has reported that ABPs such as SATB1 (special AT-rich binding protein 1), WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein), nesprin, and villin take part in the initial step of carcinogenesis by regulating oncogene expression. Additionally, changes in actin localization promote cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis (SATB1). In turn, migration and invasion of cancer cells are based on the formation of actin-rich protrusions (Arp2/3 complex, filamin A, fascin, α-actinin, and cofilin). Importantly, more and more scientists suggest that microfilaments together with the associated proteins mediate tumor vascularization. Hence, the presented article aims to summarize literature reports in the context of the potential role of actin and ABPs in all steps of carcinogenesis.
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28
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Lin W, Yang Z. Unlocking the mechanisms behind the formation of interlocking pavement cells. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:142-154. [PMID: 33128897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The leaf epidermal pavement cells with the puzzle-piece shape offer an attractive system for studying the mechanisms underpinning cell morphogenesis in a plant tissue. The formation of the interdigitated lobes and indentations in these interlocking cells relies on the integration of chemical and mechanical signals and cell-to-cell signals to establish interdigitated polar sites defining lobes and indentations. Recent computational and experimental studies have suggested new roles of cell walls, their interplay with mechanical signals, cell polarity signaling regulated by auxin and brassinosteriods, and the cytoskeleton in the regulation of pavement cell morphogenesis. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms behind pavement cell morphogenesis in plants and discusses how they could be integrated spatiotemporally to generate the interdigitated polarity patterns and the interlocking shape in pavement cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lin
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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29
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Abay-Nørgaard S, Attianese B, Boreggio L, Salcini AE. Regulators of H3K4 methylation mutated in neurodevelopmental disorders control axon guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 2020; 147:dev.190637. [PMID: 32675280 PMCID: PMC7420840 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational histone modifications regulate chromatin compaction and gene expression to control many aspects of development. Mutations in genes encoding regulators of H3K4 methylation are causally associated with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability and deficits in motor functions. However, it remains unclear how H3K4 methylation influences nervous system development and contributes to the aetiology of disease. Here, we show that the catalytic activity of set-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the H3K4 methyltransferase KMT2F/G (SETD1A/B) genes, controls embryonic transcription of neuronal genes and is required for establishing proper axon guidance, and for neuronal functions related to locomotion and learning. Moreover, we uncover a striking correlation between components of the H3K4 regulatory machinery mutated in neurodevelopmental disorders and the process of axon guidance in C. elegans. Thus, our study supports an epigenetic-based model for the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, based on an aberrant axon guidance process originating from deregulated H3K4 methylation. Summary: Analysis of mutants lacking many known H3K4 regulators reveals the role of H3K4 methylation in C. elegans neuronal functions and suggests that aberrant axon guidance is a shared trait in neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Abay-Nørgaard
- BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Ole Maaloes vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedetta Attianese
- BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Ole Maaloes vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Boreggio
- BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Ole Maaloes vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Elisabetta Salcini
- BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Ole Maaloes vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Copos C, Mogilner A. A hybrid stochastic-deterministic mechanochemical model of cell polarization. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1637-1649. [PMID: 32459563 PMCID: PMC7521800 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization is a crucial component in cell differentiation, development, and motility, but its details are not yet well understood. At the onset of cell locomotion, cells break symmetry to form well-defined cell fronts and rears. This polarity establishment varies across cell types: in Dictyostelium discoideum cells, it is mediated by biochemical signaling pathways and can function in the absence of a cytoskeleton, while in keratocytes, it is tightly connected to cytoskeletal dynamics and mechanics. Theoretical models that have been developed to understand the onset of polarization have explored either signaling or mechanical pathways, yet few have explored mechanochemical mechanisms. However, many motile cells rely on both signaling modules and actin cytoskeleton to break symmetry and achieve a stable polarized state. We propose a general mechanochemical polarization model based on coupling between a stochastic model for the segregation of signaling molecules and a simplified mechanical model for actin cytoskeleton network competition. We find that local linear coupling between minimally nonlinear signaling and cytoskeletal systems, separately not supporting stable polarization, yields a robustly polarized cell state. The model captures the essence of spontaneous polarization of neutrophils, which has been proposed to emerge due to the competition between frontness and backness pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calina Copos
- Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10012
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10012
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012
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31
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(-)-Oleocanthal as a Dual c-MET-COX2 Inhibitor for the Control of Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061749. [PMID: 32545325 PMCID: PMC7353354 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) represents the topmost mortality-causing cancer in the U.S. LC patients have overall poor survival rate with limited available treatment options. Dysregulation of the mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) initiates aggressive LC profile in a subset of patients. The Mediterranean extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO)-rich diet already documented to reduce multiple malignancies incidence. (-)-Oleocanthal (OC) is a naturally occurring phenolic secoiridoid exclusively occurring in EVOO and showed documented anti-breast and other cancer activities via targeting c-MET. This study shows the novel ability of OC to suppress LC progression and metastasis through dual targeting of c-MET and COX-2. Western blot analysis and COX enzymatic assay showed significant reduction in the total and activated c-MET levels and inhibition of COX1/2 activity in the lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and NCI-H322M, in vitro. In addition, OC treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the HGF-induced LC cells migration. Daily oral treatment with 10 mg/kg OC for 8 weeks significantly suppressed the LC A549-Luc progression and prevented metastasis to brain and other organs in a nude mouse tail vein injection model. Further, microarray data of OC-treated lung tumors showed a distinct gene signature that confirmed the dual targeting of c-MET and COX2. Thus, the EVOO-based OC is an effective lead with translational potential for use as a prospective nutraceutical to control LC progression and metastasis.
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Zhou F, Yin G, Gao Y, Ouyang L, Liu S, Jia Q, Yu H, Zha Z, Wang K, Xie J, Fan Y, Shao L, Feng C, Fan G. Insights into cognitive deficits caused by low-dose toxic heavy metal mixtures and their remediation through a postnatal enriched environment in rats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122081. [PMID: 31958610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals, namely lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), have been studied extensively in various independent studies. It has been seen that these metals are usually detected simultaneously in the human blood at low levels. However, it is unknown whether exposure to these heavy metal mixtures (MM) can induce neurological damages at these low levels. Therefore, we investigated the influence of the Pb, Cd, and Hg mixture on the nervous system in rats at exposure doses equivalent to those normally found in the human blood. After pregnant rats being exposed to MM via drinking water throughout the gestation and lactation, their offspring were followed-up till adulthood. MM caused cognitive deficits and impairments in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MM disrupted dendritic spines, the structural basis of learning and memory, and induced changes in spine-related pathways. Meanwhile, we explored an early and safe way to remedy these impairments through a postnatal enriched environment. The enriched environment ameliorated MM-impaired cognitive function, synaptic plasticity, and spine-related pathways. This study demonstrated that low-dose co-exposure to Pb, Cd, and Hg can cause cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits and timely intervention through the enriched environment has a certain corrective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Qiyue Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zha
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Robledo D, Hamilton A, Gutiérrez AP, Bron JE, Houston RD. Characterising the mechanisms underlying genetic resistance to amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon using RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:271. [PMID: 32228433 PMCID: PMC7106639 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gill health is one of the main concerns for Atlantic salmon aquaculture, and Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD), attributable to infection by the amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans, is a frequent cause of morbidity. In the absence of preventive measures, increasing genetic resistance of salmon to AGD via selective breeding can reduce the incidence of the disease and mitigate gill damage. Understanding the mechanisms leading to AGD resistance and the underlying causative genomic features can aid in this effort, while also providing critical information for the development of other control strategies. AGD resistance is considered to be moderately heritable, and several putative QTL have been identified. The aim of the current study was to improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying AGD resistance, and to identify putative causative genomic factors underlying the QTL. To achieve this, RNA was extracted from the gill and head kidney of AGD resistant and susceptible animals following a challenge with N. perurans, and sequenced. Results Comparison between resistant and susceptible animals primarily highlighted differences mainly in the local immune response in the gill, involving red blood cell genes and genes related to immune function and cell adhesion. Differentially expressed immune genes pointed to a contrast in Th2 and Th17 responses, which is consistent with the increased heritability observed after successive challenges with the amoeba. Five QTL-region candidate genes showed differential expression, including a gene connected to interferon responses (GVINP1), a gene involved in systemic inflammation (MAP4K4), and a positive regulator of apoptosis (TRIM39). Analyses of allele-specific expression highlighted a gene in the QTL region on chromosome 17, cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1), showing allelic differential expression suggestive of a cis-acting regulatory variant. Conclusions In summary, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms of resistance to AGD in Atlantic salmon, and highlights candidate genes for further functional studies that can further elucidate the genomic mechanisms leading to resistance and contribute to enhancing salmon health via improved genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Alastair Hamilton
- Landcatch Natural Selection Ltd., Roslin Innovation Centre, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.,Hendrix Genetics Aquaculture BV/ Netherlands, Villa 'de Körver', Spoorstraat 69, 5831 CK, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro P Gutiérrez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - James E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Qiu ZL, Wen Z, Yang K, Tian T, Qiao G, Hong Y, Wen XP. Comparative Proteomics Profiling Illuminates the Fruitlet Abscission Mechanism of Sweet Cherry as Induced by Embryo Abortion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041200. [PMID: 32054063 PMCID: PMC7072775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a delicious nutrient-rich fruit widely cultivated in countries such as China, America, Chile, and Italy. However, the yield often drops severely due to the frequently-abnormal fruitlet abscission, and few studies on the metabolism during its ripening process at the proteomic level have been executed so far. To get a better understanding regarding the sweet cherry abscission mechanism, proteomic analysis between the abscising carpopodium and non-abscising carpopodium of sweet cherry was accomplished using a newly developed Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT-LC-MS/MS) methodology. The embryo viability experiments showed that the vigor of the abscission embryos was significantly lower than that of retention embryo. The activity of cell wall degrading enzymes in abscising carpopodium was significantly higher than that in non-abscising carpopodium. The anatomy results suggested that cells in the abscission zone were small and separated. In total, 6280 proteins were identified, among which 5681 were quantified. It has been observed that differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) influenced several biological functions and various subcellular localizations. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that plenty of metabolic pathways were notably enriched, particularly those involved in phytohormone biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, and cytoskeletal metabolism, including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase proteins which promote ethylene synthesis, and proteins promoting cell wall degradation, such as endoglucanases, pectinase, and polygalacturonase. Differential expression of proteins concerning phytohormone biosynthesis might activate the shedding regulation signals. Up-regulation of several cell wall degradation-related proteins possibly regulated the shedding of plant organs. Variations of the phytohormone biosynthesis and cell wall degradation-related proteins were explored during the abscission process. Furthermore, changes in cytoskeleton-associated proteins might contribute to the abscission of carpopodium. The current work represented the first study using comparative proteomics between abscising carpopodium and non-abscising carpopodium. These results indicated that embryo abortion might lead to phytohormone synthesis disorder, which effected signal transduction pathways, and hereby controlled genes involved in cell wall degradation and then caused the abscission of fruitlet. Overall, our data may give an intrinsic explanation of the variations in metabolism during the abscission of carpopodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiao-Peng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.-L.Q.); (Z.W.); (K.Y.); (G.Q.); (Y.H.)
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-851-88290212
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Weeber F, Becher A, Seibold T, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Concerted regulation of actin polymerization during constitutive secretion by cortactin and PKD2. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232355. [PMID: 31727638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive secretion from the trans-Golgi-network (TGN) is facilitated by a concerted regulation of vesicle biogenesis and fission processes. The protein kinase D family (PKD) has been previously described to enhance vesicle fission by modifying the lipid environment. PKD also phosphorylates the actin regulatory protein cortactin at S298 to impair synergistic actin polymerization. We here report additional functions for PKD2 (also known as PRKD2) and cortactin in the regulation of actin polymerization during the fission of transport carriers from the TGN. Phosphorylation of cortactin at S298 impairs the interaction between WIP (also known as WIPF1) and cortactin. WIP stabilizes the autoinhibited conformation of N-WASP (also known as WASL). This leads to an inhibition of synergistic Arp2/3-complex-dependent actin polymerization at the TGN. PKD2 activity at the TGN is controlled by active CDC42-GTP which directly activates N-WASP, inhibits PKD2 and shifts the balance to non-S298-phosphorylated cortactin, which can in turn sequester WIP from N-WASP. Consequently, synergistic actin polymerization at the TGN and constitutive secretion are enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weeber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Becher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Seibold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Rinschen MM, Gödel M, Grahammer F, Zschiedrich S, Helmstädter M, Kretz O, Zarei M, Braun DA, Dittrich S, Pahmeyer C, Schroder P, Teetzen C, Gee H, Daouk G, Pohl M, Kuhn E, Schermer B, Küttner V, Boerries M, Busch H, Schiffer M, Bergmann C, Krüger M, Hildebrandt F, Dengjel J, Benzing T, Huber TB. A Multi-layered Quantitative In Vivo Expression Atlas of the Podocyte Unravels Kidney Disease Candidate Genes. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2495-2508. [PMID: 29791858 PMCID: PMC5986710 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to and loss of glomerular podocytes has been identified as the culprit lesion in progressive kidney diseases. Here, we combine mass spectrometry-based proteomics with mRNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and hypothesis-driven studies to provide a comprehensive and quantitative map of mammalian podocytes that identifies unanticipated signaling pathways. Comparison of the in vivo datasets with proteomics data from podocyte cell cultures showed a limited value of available cell culture models. Moreover, in vivo stable isotope labeling by amino acids uncovered surprisingly rapid synthesis of mitochondrial proteins under steady-state conditions that was perturbed under autophagy-deficient, disease-susceptible conditions. Integration of acquired omics dimensions suggested FARP1 as a candidate essential for podocyte function, which could be substantiated by genetic analysis in humans and knockdown experiments in zebrafish. This work exemplifies how the integration of multi-omics datasets can identify a framework of cell-type-specific features relevant for organ health and disease. Deep proteome and transcriptome analyses of native podocytes unravel druggable targets Static and dynamic proteomics uncover features of podocyte identity and proteostasis Candidate genes for nephrotic syndrome were predicted based on multi-omic integration FARP1 is a previously unreported candidate gene for human proteinuric kidney disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Gödel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zschiedrich
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Zarei
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Dittrich
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Caroline Pahmeyer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patricia Schroder
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04609, USA
| | - Carolin Teetzen
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - HeonYung Gee
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04609, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ghaleb Daouk
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Pohl
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Kuhn
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, 55218 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Victoria Küttner
- Department for Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04609, USA
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, 55218 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert Ludwigs University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Zhou F, Yin G, Gao Y, Liu D, Xie J, Ouyang L, Fan Y, Yu H, Zha Z, Wang K, Shao L, Feng C, Fan G. Toxicity assessment due to prenatal and lactational exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury mixtures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105192. [PMID: 31639605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are common environmental pollutants that can be detected simultaneously in blood, serum, and urine samples from the general human population. However, there is limited information regarding toxicity of low-level exposure to Pb, Cd, and Hg mixtures. Our previous research showed the interaction of these three elements at low concentrations in vitro. In this study, we further evaluate early effects of low dose exposure to Pb, Cd, and Hg mixtures on the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and testicle in rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to various concentrations of heavy metal mixtures (MM) in drinking water, during gestation and lactation, and the impacts on offspring were measured at postnatal day 23. Our results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg in the blood of rat pups were similar to those in the blood of the general human population. Additionally, the MM concentrations in their blood and brain significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. MM exposure caused histopathological changes in the brain, liver, kidney and testicle. Statistically significant increases in liver CYP450 and PON1, kidney KIM1, and decrease in testicle SDH were observed. In the brain, significant increases were detected in oxidative stress, intracellular free calcium, and cell apoptosis. Further neurobehavioral testing revealed that MM exposure caused dose-dependent impairments in learning and memory as well as sensory perception. MM exposure also disrupted synapse remodeling, which may be associated with pathways involved in dendritic spine growth, maintenance, and elimination. These results suggested that exposure to Pb, Cd, and Hg mixtures, at human environmental exposure related levels, caused damage to multiple organs as well as impairments in neurobehavioral functions of rats. Our findings emphasize the need to control and regulate potential sources of heavy metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zha
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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MacQuarrie CD, Mangione MC, Carroll R, James M, Gould KL, Sirotkin V. The S. pombe adaptor protein Bbc1 regulates localization of Wsp1 and Vrp1 during endocytic actin patch assembly. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs233502. [PMID: 31391237 PMCID: PMC6771142 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arp2/3 complex-nucleated branched actin networks provide the key force necessary for endocytosis. The Arp2/3 complex is activated by nucleation-promoting factors including the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (Wsp1) and myosin-1 (Myo1). There are >40 known yeast endocytic proteins with distinct spatial and temporal localizations and functions; however, it is still unclear how these proteins work together to drive endocytosis. Here, we used quantitative live-cell imaging to determine the function of the uncharacterized S. pombe protein Bbc1. We discovered that Myo1 interacts with and recruits Bbc1 to sites of endocytosis. Bbc1 competes with the verprolin Vrp1 for localization to patches and association with Myo1, thus releasing Vrp1 and its binding partner Wsp1 from Myo1. Normally Myo1 remains at the base of the endocytic invagination and Vrp1-Wsp1 internalizes with the endocytic vesicle. However, in the absence of Bbc1, a portion of Vrp1-Wsp1 remains with Myo1 at the base of the invagination, and endocytic structures internalize twice as far. We propose that Bbc1 disrupts a transient interaction of Myo1 with Vrp1 and Wsp1 and thereby limits Arp2/3 complex-mediated nucleation of actin branches at the plasma membrane.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Dale MacQuarrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - MariaSanta C Mangione
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Carroll
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael James
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vladimir Sirotkin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Yang C, Siebert JR, Burns R, Gerbec ZJ, Bonacci B, Rymaszewski A, Rau M, Riese MJ, Rao S, Carlson KS, Routes JM, Verbsky JW, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Heterogeneity of human bone marrow and blood natural killer cells defined by single-cell transcriptome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3931. [PMID: 31477722 PMCID: PMC6718415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical to both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the development and heterogeneity of human NK cells are yet to be fully defined. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing technology, here we identify distinct NK populations in human bone marrow and blood, including one population expressing higher levels of immediate early genes indicative of a homeostatic activation. Functionally matured NK cells with high expression of CX3CR1, HAVCR2 (TIM-3), and ZEB2 represents terminally differentiated status with the unique transcriptional profile. Transcriptomic and pseudotime analyses identify a transitional population between CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. Finally, a donor with GATA2T354M mutation exhibits reduced percentage of CD56bright NK cells with altered transcriptome and elevated cell death. These data expand our understanding of the heterogeneity and development of human NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate immune cells with diverse functions. Here the authors use single-cell RNA-sequencing of purified human bone marrow and peripheral blood NK cells to define five populations of NK cells with distinct transcriptomic profile to further our understanding of NK development and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jason R Siebert
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Bioinfomatics Core, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zachary J Gerbec
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benedetta Bonacci
- Flow Cytometry Core, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amy Rymaszewski
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mary Rau
- Departments of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew J Riese
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Transcriptional Regulation, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karen-Sue Carlson
- Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Laboratory of Coagulation Biology, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John M Routes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James W Verbsky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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40
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Kang B, Jo S, Baek J, Nakamura F, Hwang W, Lee H. Role of mechanical flow for actin network organization. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:217-224. [PMID: 30928733 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major cytoskeletal protein actin forms complex networks to provide structural support and perform vital functions in cells. In vitro studies have revealed that the structure of the higher-order actin network is determined primarily by the type of actin binding protein (ABP). By comparison, there are far fewer studies about the role of the mechanical environment for the organization of the actin network. In particular, the duration over which cells reorganize their shape in response to functional demands is relatively short compared to the in vitro protein polymerization time, suggesting that such changes can influence the actin network formation. We hypothesize that mechanical flows in the cytoplasm generated by exogenous and endogenous stimulation play a key role in the spatiotemporal regulation of the actin architecture. To mimic cytoplasmic streaming, we generated a circulating flow using surface acoustic wave in a microfluidic channel and investigated its effect on the formation of networks by actin and ABPs. We found that the mechanical flow affected the orientation and thickness of actin bundles, depending on the type and concentration of ABPs. Our computational model shows that the extent of alignment and thickness of actin bundle are determined by the balance between flow-induced drag forces and the tendency of ABPs to crosslink actin filaments at given angles. These results suggest that local intracellular flows can affect the assembly dynamics and morphology of the actin cytoskeleton. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton structure is essential in many cellular functions. It has been shown that mechanical cues including an applied force and geometric boundary can alter the structural characteristics of actin network. However, even though the cytoplasm accounts for a large portion of the cell volume, the effect of the cytoplasmic streaming flow produced during cell dynamics on actin network organization has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the mechanical flow exerted during actin network organization play an important role in determining the orientation and dimension of actin bundle network. Our result will be beneficial in understanding the mechanism of the actin network reorganization occurred during physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjun Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Jo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeok Baek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Zhang W, Gunst SJ. Molecular Mechanisms for the Mechanical Modulation of Airway Responsiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 2. [PMID: 32270135 PMCID: PMC7141576 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The smooth muscle of the airways is exposed to continuously changing mechanical
forces during normal breathing. The mechanical oscillations that occur during
breathing have profound effects on airway tone and airway responsiveness both in
experimental animals and humans in vivo and in isolated airway tissues in vitro.
Experimental evidence suggests that alterations in the contractile and
mechanical properties of airway smooth muscle tissues caused by mechanical
perturbations result from adaptive changes in the organization of the
cytoskeletal architecture of the smooth muscle cell. The cytoskeleton is a
dynamic structure that undergoes rapid reorganization in response to external
mechanical and pharmacologic stimuli. Contractile stimulation initiates the
assembly of cytoskeletal/extracellular matrix adhesion complex proteins into
large macromolecular signaling complexes (adhesomes) that undergo activation to
mediate the polymerization and reorganization of a submembranous network of
actin filaments at the cortex of the cell. Cortical actin polymerization is
catalyzed by Neuronal-Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) and the
Arp2/3 complex, which are activated by pathways regulated by paxillin and the
small GTPase, cdc42. These processes create a strong and rigid cytoskeletal
framework that may serve to strengthen the membrane for the transmission of
force generated by the contractile apparatus to the extracellular matrix, and to
enable the adaptation of smooth muscle cells to mechanical stresses. This model
for the regulation of airway smooth muscle function can provide novel
perspectives to explain the normal physiologic behavior of the airways and
pathophysiologic properties of the airways in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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42
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Mahavadi S, Nalli AD, Wang H, Kendig DM, Crowe MS, Lyall V, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Regulation of gastric smooth muscle contraction via Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent actin polymerization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209359. [PMID: 30571746 PMCID: PMC6301582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In gastrointestinal smooth muscle, acetylcholine induced muscle contraction is biphasic, initial peak followed by sustained contraction. Contraction is regulated by phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC) at Ser19, interaction of actin and myosin, and actin polymerization. The present study characterized the signaling mechanisms involved in actin polymerization during initial and sustained muscle contraction in response to muscarinic M3 receptor activation in gastric smooth muscle cells by targeting the effectors of initial (phospholipase C (PLC)-β/Ca2+ pathway) and sustained (RhoA/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Rho kinase pathway) contraction. The initial Ca2+ dependent contraction and actin polymerization is mediated by sequential activation of PLC-β1 via Gαq, IP3 formation, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ dependent phosphorylation of proline-rich-tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) at Tyr402. The sustained Ca2+ independent contraction and actin polymerization is mediated by activation of RhoA, and phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397. Both phosphorylation of Pyk2 and FAK leads to phosphorylation of paxillin at Tyr118 and association of phosphorylated paxillin with the GEF proteins p21-activated kinase (PAK) interacting exchange factor α, β (α and β PIX) and DOCK 180. These GEF proteins stimulate Cdc42 leading to the activation of nucleation promoting factor N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein), which interacts with actin related protein complex 2/3 (Arp2/3) to induce actin polymerization and muscle contraction. Acetylcholine induced muscle contraction is inhibited by actin polymerization inhibitors. Thus, our results suggest that a novel mechanism for the regulation of smooth muscle contraction is mediated by actin polymerization in gastrointestinal smooth muscle which is independent of MLC20 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ancy D. Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Derek M. Kendig
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Molly S. Crowe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vijay Lyall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John R. Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karnam S. Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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43
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Taniuchi K, Furihata M, Naganuma S, Saibara T. WAVE2 is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancers and promotes cell motility and invasiveness via binding to ACTN4. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5733-5751. [PMID: 30353690 PMCID: PMC6246955 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
WAVE2 is a member of the WASP/WAVE family of actin cytoskeletal regulatory proteins; unfortunately, little is known about its function in pancreatic cancers. In this study, we report the role of WAVE2 in the motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. High WAVE2 expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues was correlated with overall survival. WAVE2 accumulated in the cell protrusions of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Downregulation of WAVE2 by small interfering RNA decreased the cell protrusions and inhibited the motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. WAVE2 promoted pancreatic cancer cell motility and invasion by forming a complex with the actin cytoskeletal protein alpha‐actinin 4 (ACTN4). Downregulation of ACTN4 by small interfering RNA also inhibited the motility and invasiveness of the cells through a decrease in cell protrusions. Further investigation showed that WAVE2/ACTN4 signaling selectively stimulated p27 phosphorylation and thereby increased the motility and invasiveness of the cells. These results suggest that WAVE2 and ACTN4 stimulate p27 phosphorylation and provide evidence that WAVE2 promotes the motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Taniuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Seiji Naganuma
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Toshiji Saibara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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44
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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45
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Fisher MH, Di Paola J. Genomics and transcriptomics of megakaryocytes and platelets: Implications for health and disease. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:630-639. [PMID: 30349880 PMCID: PMC6178711 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of megakaryocyte and platelet biology has been transformed with the implementation of high throughput sequencing. The use of modern sequencing technologies has led to the discovery of causative mutations in congenital platelet disorders and has been a useful tool in uncovering many other mechanisms of altered platelet formation and function. Although the understanding of the presence of RNA in platelets is relatively novel, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles are being shown to play an increasingly important role in megakaryopoiesis and platelet function in normal physiology as well as in disease states. Understanding the genetic perturbations underlying platelet dysfunction provides insight into normal megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, as well as guiding the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlie H. Fisher
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado
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46
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Carpinone EM, Li Z, Mills MK, Foltz C, Brannon ER, Carlow CKS, Starai VJ. Identification of putative effectors of the Type IV secretion system from the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Brugia malayi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204736. [PMID: 30261054 PMCID: PMC6160203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia is an unculturable, intracellular bacterium that persists within an extremely broad range of arthropod and parasitic nematode hosts, where it is transmitted maternally to offspring via vertical transmission. In the filarial nematode Brugia malayi, a causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis, Wolbachia is an endosymbiont, and its presence is essential for proper nematode development, survival, and pathogenesis. While the elucidation of Wolbachia:nematode interactions that promote the bacterium’s intracellular persistence is of great importance, research has been hampered due to the fact that Wolbachia cannot be cultured in the absence of host cells. The Wolbachia endosymbiont of B. malayi (wBm) has an active Type IV secretion system (T4SS). Here, we have screened 47 putative T4SS effector proteins of wBm for their ability to modulate growth or the cell biology of a typical eukaryotic cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five candidates strongly inhibited yeast growth upon expression, and 6 additional proteins showed toxicity in the presence of zinc and caffeine. Studies on the uptake of an endocytic vacuole-specific fluorescent marker, FM4-64, identified 4 proteins (wBm0076 wBm00114, wBm0447 and wBm0152) involved in vacuole membrane dynamics. The WAS(p)-family protein, wBm0076, was found to colocalize with yeast cortical actin patches and disrupted actin cytoskeleton dynamics upon expression. Deletion of the Arp2/3-activating protein, Abp1p, provided resistance to wBm0076 expression, suggesting a role for wBm0076 in regulating eukaryotic actin dynamics and cortical actin patch formation. Furthermore, wBm0152 was found to strongly disrupt endosome:vacuole cargo trafficking in yeast. This study provides molecular insight into the potential role of the T4SS in the Wolbachia endosymbiont:nematode relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Carpinone
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Zhiru Li
- Division of Genome Biology, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Mills
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Clemence Foltz
- Division of Genome Biology, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States of America
| | - Emma R. Brannon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Clotilde K. S. Carlow
- Division of Genome Biology, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, United States of America
| | - Vincent J. Starai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Navarro-Triviño FJ, Gil-Montoya JA. An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2018; 25:949-971. [PMID: 29878474 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. We also analyze a series of emerging functions that cortactin may exert in oral cancer (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of exosomes, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment). We review its molecular structure, its most important interactions (with Src, Arp2/3 complex, and SH3-binding partners), the regulation of its functions, and its specific oncogenic role in oral cancer. We explore the mechanisms of its overexpression in cancer, mainly related to genetic amplification. We analyze the prognostic implications of the oncogenic activation of cortactin in potentially malignant disorders and in head and neck cancer, where it appears to be relevant in the development of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we discuss its usefulness as a therapeutic target and suggest future research lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángela Ayén
- School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
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48
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Hatami-Marbini H. Simulation of the mechanical behavior of random fiber networks with different microstructure. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:65. [PMID: 29796730 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous protein networks are broadly encountered in biological systems such as cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Many numerical studies have been conducted to better understand the fundamental mechanisms behind the striking mechanical properties of these networks. In most of these previous numerical models, the Mikado algorithm has been used to represent the network microstructure. Here, a different algorithm is used to create random fiber networks in order to investigate possible roles of architecture on the elastic behavior of filamentous networks. In particular, random fibrous structures are generated from the growth of individual fibers from random nucleation points. We use computer simulations to determine the mechanical behavior of these networks in terms of their model parameters. The findings are presented and discussed along with the response of Mikado fiber networks. We demonstrate that these alternative networks and Mikado networks show a qualitatively similar response. Nevertheless, the overall elasticity of Mikado networks is stiffer compared to that of the networks created using the alternative algorithm. We describe the effective elasticity of both network types as a function of their line density and of the material properties of the filaments. We also characterize the ratio of bending and axial energy and discuss the behavior of these networks in terms of their fiber density distribution and coordination number.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatami-Marbini
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, Chicago, IL, USA.
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49
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Su X, Wang S, Huo Y, Yang C. Short interfering RNA-mediated silencing of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 inhibits the migration of SW620 human colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2847-2854. [PMID: 29435011 PMCID: PMC5778834 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 (ARPC4) acts as an actin nucleator in actin cytoskeleton branching and contributes to cell migration. ARPC4 has previously been demonstrated to be abnormally expressed in various colorectal carcinoma cell lines, particularly SW620 cells. The present study explored the biological action and the possible mechanisms underlying the function of ARPC4 in the progression of carcinoma. The proliferation and migration of SW620 cells transfected with ARPC4-specific short interfering (si)RNAs were assessed using western blot, cell counting, flow cytometry and transwell assays. SW620 cells exhibited the highest ARPC4 expression of the cell lines investigated, and siRNA538 was the most effective of the siRNAs considered. The results of the present study demonstrated that ARPC4-silencing exhibited a significant effect on the capacity of cells for migration, but did not affect their proliferative ability. ARPC4-silencing inhibited human SW620 cell migration, but not proliferation, in vitro, suggesting that ARPC4 may be a putative therapeutic target for colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Biology Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Siyang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Biology Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongxu Huo
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Biology Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Biology Department, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Proteomic features of delayed ocular symptoms caused by exposure to sulfur mustard: As studied by protein profiling of corneal epithelium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1445-1454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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