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Lu J, Linz D, Struewing I, Keely SP, Jahne M, Gruber TM, Villegas EN. Virulence and infectious assessment of a Campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from California gull. Microbiol Spectr 2025; 13:e0170524. [PMID: 40099986 PMCID: PMC12054166 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01705-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Wild birds are a major source of Campylobacter jejuni, but there is limited information on its virulence, infectivity, and its human health risks associated with exposure to wild bird infested surface waters. This study focused on understanding the virulence of C. jejuni 63A isolated from California gull excreta. Whole-genome analyses revealed its multilocus sequence typing (ST2654) and high similarity of DNA sequences (97%-99%) with other pathogenic Campylobacter spp. strains, particularly those isolated from patients suffering from Guillain-Barre´ syndrome (GBS). Furthermore, analyses revealed that the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis gene cluster, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) gene cluster, and the genes responsible for producing cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) operons/genes (cdtABC) were all present and shared high sequence conservation with the same clinical isolates collected from GBS patients. The unique LOS genes (neuA1, neuB1, neuC1, and cstIII) to GBS patient isolates were identified and categorized 63A as group 1 LOS locus type. The presence of an intact CPS gene cluster and cdtABC genes in 63A along with their high sequence similarity to clinical isolates was strikingly different from many other wild-bird isolates. These findings suggest the high possibility of significant virulence associated with the new isolate. Additionally, 63A may not be limited to only California gull. Phylogenetic analysis of 63A with other hosts including waterfowl such as sandhill cranes shows that the 63A isolate is closely related to a diverse range of hosts acting as reservoirs and/or vectors. Lastly, dose-response analyses of this isolate estimated a median infectious dose of 7.16 × 107 CFU, further suggesting that the 63A isolate has zoonotic potential.IMPORTANCEC. jejuni is one of the most common foodborne zoonotic pathogens worldwide. This study focused on the virulence and infection of C. jejuni derived from California gull. We found that C. jejuni 63A shares high genetic similarity with other pathogenic C. jejuni strains. These strains are particularly associated with patients suffering from GBS. Whole-genome analyses revealed virulence factors like lipooligosaccharide, capsular polysaccharide, and cytolethal distending toxin operons/genes present in 63A. These genes showed high sequence conservation with clinical isolates collected from GBS patients. We also analyzed its presence in other avian feces, like those of sandhill cranes. Our chick infection experiment and dose-response analyses indicate that the 63A isolate has zoonotic potential and could infect humans. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the virulence and potential health risks associated with C. jejuni strains of wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrang Lu
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Linz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the USA Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development, Oakridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ian Struewing
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott P. Keely
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Jahne
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Eric N. Villegas
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Choi E, Ryu E, Kim D, Byun JW, Kim K, Lee M, Hwang J. The dual functions of the GTPase BipA in ribosome assembly and surface structure biogenesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PLoS Pathog 2025; 21:e1013047. [PMID: 40203049 PMCID: PMC12013901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI)-inducible protein A (BipA) is a highly conserved protein in Gram-negative bacteria that is structurally similar to translational GTPases such as IF2, EF-Tu, and EF-G. Our previous research showed that deleting bipA in Escherichia coli at 20°C leads to a defect in 50S ribosomal assembly and impaired lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis. This LPS defect activates the Regulator of Capsule Synthesis (Rcs) pathway, resulting in an overproduction of capsular polysaccharides, a reduction in biofilm formation, and decreased flagella-mediated motility. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of BipA in the pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We constructed bipA deletion mutants in two pathogenic S. Typhimurium strains, SL1344 and 14028, as well as in the attenuated strain LT2. Our ribosome profiling experiments using the mutant S. Typhimurium strains revealed a defect in ribosome assembly at 20°C, with the accumulation of abnormal 50S ribosomal subunits. We further demonstrated that the absence of BipA in S. Typhimurium impaired LPS biosynthesis at 20°C, compromising membrane integrity and presumably activating the Rcs pathway. This activation altered virulence factors, including reduced biofilm formation, particularly in the 14028ΔbipA strain. Furthermore, the SL1344ΔbipA and 14028ΔbipA strains exhibited significantly decreased swimming motility at 20°C compared to 37°C, confirmed by microscopic observation showing fewer flagella at 20°C. Subsequently, both strains exhibited a significant reduction in invasion capability and cytotoxicity toward human intestinal epithelial cells (HCT116). This functional attenuation was corroborated by the decrease in virulence observed in the 14028ΔbipA strain in a mouse model. Our findings suggest that, in S. Typhimurium, BipA functions as a bacterial fitness factor, contributing to ribosome assembly, LPS synthesis, and virulence-related processes, particularly under stress conditions relevant to host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsil Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunwoo Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Byun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ravikumaran KS, Armiento S, De Castro C, Molinaro A, Wilson JC, Peak IR, Grice ID. Isolation and characterisation of a heparosan capsular polysaccharide and a core oligosaccharide from Moraxella lincolnii strain CCUG 52988. Carbohydr Res 2025; 549:109361. [PMID: 39778380 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Moraxella lincolnii is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of humans and may have a role as a member of a protective microbial community. Structural characterisation studies of its outer membrane glycan structures are very limited. We report here the isolation and structural characterisation (NMR, GLC-MS) of a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and an oligosaccharide (OS) (lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-derived) isolated from strain CCUG 52988. The repeat disaccharide unit of the isolated CPS is unmodified heparosan: [→4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→]n, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) also present in mammalian hosts. The core OS isolated was identified as a branched tetrasaccharide composed of: β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→6)]-α-D-Glcp-(1→5)-α-Kdo-OH. This core OS structure is without heptose residues and is consistent with previously reported core OS structures from Moraxella spp. Genes encoding homologues of the Lgt6 and Lgt3 glycosyltransferases that catalyse these additions were identified in the genome. Additional glycosyltransferases and other proteins encoded downstream of lgt3 were considered to form the LOS biosynthesis locus. This is the first report of the isolation of CPS and core OS from M. lincolnii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosala S Ravikumaran
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Samantha Armiento
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jennifer C Wilson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Ian R Peak
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - I Darren Grice
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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Lin Z, He S, Liang Z, Li D. Temperature cycling between 4 °C and 37 °C could reduce Salmonella viability in low-moisture foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2025; 428:110995. [PMID: 39612661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
Low-moisture foods (LMFs) have been linked to Salmonella transmission due to the remarkable resilience of Salmonella against desiccation, allowing its survival for extended periods. Being metabolically inactive, Salmonella in LMFs exhibit extraordinary resistance to inactivation treatments. This study proposes a novel strategy for mitigating Salmonella in LMF products through a temperature cycling (TC) approach. Alternating the temperature between 4 °C and 37 °C on a daily basis reduced the viability of S. Typhimurium air-dried on surfaces by >4 log after 6 days. TC also diminished Salmonella resistance to acidity and reduced its virulence. The mechanism was elucidated through an integrated analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics data. Specifically, transcriptomic data revealed elevated levels of protein synthesis alongside active energy metabolism. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that these protein activities were associated primarily with the heat shock protein response. Taken together, the principal mechanism by which TC exerts its inhibitory effect appears to be the repeated induction of heat shock protein synthesis within Salmonella, ultimately leading to energy depletion. Finally, the efficacy of TC was validated on representative LMF samples, including flour, protein powder, and mixed spices. The most notable effect was observed in the mixed spices, with a reduction of 2.7 ± 0.2 log after 6 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the TC approach demonstrated in this study provides valuable insights into the management of foodborne pathogens in LMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejia Lin
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiqian Liang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Gattuboyena N, Tsai YC, Lin LC. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of a Novel K1 Capsule Dependent Phage, JSSK01, and Its Depolymerase in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12497. [PMID: 39684210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that have the potential to combat bacterial infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, we investigated a novel lytic bacteriophage, vB_EcoS_JSSK01, isolated from sewage in Hualien, Taiwan, which effectively combats multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli of the K1 capsular type. K1 E. coli is a major cause of severe extraintestinal infections, such as neonatal meningitis and urinary tract infections. Phage JSSK01 was found to have a genome size of 44,509 base pairs, producing approximately 123 particles per infected cell in 35 min, and was highly stable across a range of temperatures and pH. JSSK01 infected 59.3% of the MDR strains tested, and its depolymerase (ORF40) specifically degraded the K1 capsule in these bacteria. In a zebrafish model, JSSK01 treatment after infection significantly improved survival, with survival in the treated group reaching 100%, while that in the untreated group dropped to 10% after three days. The functional activity of depolymerase was validated using zone inhibition and agglutination tests. These results indicate that JSSK01 and its substrate-specific depolymerase have promising therapeutic and diagnostic applications against K1-encapsulated MDR E. coli infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Gattuboyena
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Lin
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Lin Z, Liang Z, He S, Chin FWL, Huang D, Hong Y, Wang X, Li D. Salmonella dry surface biofilm: morphology, single-cell landscape, and sanitization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0162324. [PMID: 39494899 PMCID: PMC11577771 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01623-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, Salmonella Typhimurium dry surface biofilm (DSB) formation was investigated in comparison with wet surface biofilm (WSB) development. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis revealed a prominent green cell signal during WSB formation, whereas a red signal predominated during DSB formation. Electron microscopy was also used to compare the features of DSB and WSB. Overall, WSB was unevenly scattered over the surface, whereas DSB was evenly dispersed. In contrast to WSB cells, which have a distinct plasma membrane and outer membrane layer, DSB cells are contained in large capsules and compressed. Next, microbiome single-cell transcriptomics was used to investigate the functional heterogeneity of the Salmonella DSB microbiome, with nine clusters successfully identified. Although over 60% of the dried cells were metabolically inactive, the rest of the Salmonella cells still demonstrated specific antioxidative and virulence capabilities, suggesting a possible concern for low-moisture food (LMF) safety. Finally, because sanitization in LMF industries must be conducted without water, a list of 39 flavonoids was tested for their combined effect with 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) against DSB, and morin induced the greatest reduction in the green:red ratio from 3.67 to 0.43. Significantly higher reductions of Salmonella viability in DSB were achieved by 10-, 100-, 1,000-, and 10,000-µg/mL morin (1.69 ± 0.25, 3.21 ± 0.23, 4.32 ± 0.24, and 5.18 ± 0.16 log CFU/sample reductions) than 70% IPA alone (1.55 ± 0.20 log CFU/sample reduction) (P < 0.05), indicating the potential to be formulated as a dry sanitizer for the LMF industry.IMPORTANCEDSB growth of foodborne pathogens in LMF processing environments is associated with food safety, financial loss, and compromised consumer trust. This work is the first comprehensive examination of the characteristics of Salmonella DSB while exploring its underlying survival mechanisms. Furthermore, morin dissolved in 70% IPA was proposed as an efficient dry sanitizer against DSB to provide insights into biofilm control during LMF processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejia Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
| | - Zhiqian Liang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
| | - Fion Wei Lin Chin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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Chen S, Huang B, Tian J, Zhang W. Advancements of Porphyrin-Derived Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy and Biofilm Eradication. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401211. [PMID: 39073000 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the challenge of biofilm formation has highlighted the inadequacies of conventional antibacterial therapies, leading to increased interest in antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in recent years. This approach offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, low systemic toxicity, and notable effectiveness against drug-resistant bacterial strains. Porphyrins and their derivatives, known for their high molar extinction coefficients and singlet oxygen quantum yields, have emerged as crucial photosensitizers in aPDT. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility and aggregation-induced quenching. To address these limitations, extensive research has focused on the development of porphyrin-based nanomaterials for aPDT, enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic sterilization and broadening the range of antimicrobial activity. This review provides an overview of various porphyrin-based nanomaterials utilized in aPDT and biofilm eradication in recent years, including porphyrin-loaded inorganic nanoparticles, porphyrin-based polymer assemblies, supramolecular assemblies, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Additionally, insights into the prospects of aPDT is offered, highlighting its potential for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Baoxuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Elnahas MO, Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Nutritive profile, pharmaceutical potentials, and structural analysis of multifunctional bioactive fungal polysaccharides-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130893. [PMID: 38493817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Asian nations have long used edible fungi as food and medicine. Polysaccharides are among the main building units of the cell walls of fungi. Fungal polysaccharides have been documented in the medicinal and industrial sectors as products with a vast array of various biological activities and applications such as antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulation, and antiviral activities, etc. The goal of this review is to give insights into the various biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides and their potential as a medicine for human health. The extraction, purity, and structural analysis of fungal polysaccharides were also reviewed in this work. Also, future prospective, and challenges for fungal polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications can be found in this review. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource in exploring the therapeutic potential and applications of fungal polysaccharides. By building upon the existing knowledge base and addressing critical research gaps, researchers can find new opportunities for utilizing fungal polysaccharides as valuable therapeutic agents and functional ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O Elnahas
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Waill A Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghoson M Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Xu Y, Liang X, Hyun CG. Isolation, Characterization, Genome Annotation, and Evaluation of Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity in Secondary Metabolites of Brevibacillus sp. JNUCC 41: A Comprehensive Analysis through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4611. [PMID: 38731830 PMCID: PMC11083829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Brevibacillus sp. JNUCC 41, characterized as a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), actively participates in lipid metabolism and biocontrol based on gene analysis. This study aimed to investigate the crucial secondary metabolites in biological metabolism; fermentation, extraction, and isolation were performed, revealing that methyl indole-3-acetate showed the best hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory activity (IC50: 343.9 μM). Molecular docking results further revealed that the compound forms hydrogen bonds with the residues Tyr-75 and Tyr-247 of HAase (binding energy: -6.4 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the compound predominantly binds to HAase via hydrogen bonding (MM-PBSA binding energy: -24.9 kcal/mol) and exhibits good stability. The residues Tyr-247 and Tyr-202, pivotal for binding in docking, were also confirmed via MD simulations. This study suggests that methyl indole-3-acetate holds potential applications in anti-inflammatory and anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (Y.X.); (X.L.)
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Farnia P, Besharati S, Farina P, Ayoubi S, Marjani M, Ghanavi J, Tabarsi P, Velayati AA. The Role of Efflux Pumps transporter in Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Mycobacterial memberane protein(MmpL5). Int J Mycobacteriol 2024; 13:7-14. [PMID: 38771273 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_37_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of efflux pumps (Eps) was reported to contribute to multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Increases in Eps that expel structurally unrelated drugs contribute to reduced susceptibility by decreasing the intracellular concentration of antibiotics. In the present study, an association of mycobacterial membrane protein (MmpS5-MmpL5) Ep and its gene regulator (Rv0678) was investigated in MDR-tuberculosis isolates. METHODS MTB strains were isolated from patients at two different intervals, i.e., once when they had persistent symptoms despite 3-15 ≥ months of treatment and once when they had started new combination therapy ≥2-3 months. Sputum specimens were subjected to Xpert MTB/rifampicin test and then further susceptibility testing using proportional method and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on them. The isolates were characterized using both 16S-23S RNA and hsp65 genes spacer (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was investigated on two isolates from culture-positive specimen per patient. The protein structure was simulated using the SWISS-MODEL. The input format used for this web server was FASTA (amino acid sequence). Protein structure was also analysis using Ramachandran plot. RESULTS WGS documented deletion, insertion, and substitution in transmembrane transport protein MmpL5 (Rv0676) of Eps. Majority of the studied isolates (n = 12; 92.3%) showed a unique deletion mutation at three positions: (a) from amino acid number 771 (isoleucine) to 776 (valine), (b) from amino acid number 785 (valine) to 793 (histidine), and (c) from amino acid number 798 (leucine) to 806 (glycine)." One isolate (7.6%) had no deletion mutation. In all isolates (n = 13; 100%), a large insertion mutation consisting of 94 amino acid was observed "from amino acid number 846 (isoleucine) to amino acid number 939 (leucine)". Thirty-eight substitutions in Rv0676 were detected, of which 92.3% were identical in the studied isolates. WGS of mycobacterial membrane proteins (MmpS5; Rv0677) and its gene regulator (Rv0678) documented no deletion, insertion, and substitution. No differences were observed between MmpS5-MmpL5 and its gene regulator in isolates that were collected at different intervals. CONCLUSIONS Significant genetic mutation like insertion, deletion, and substitution within transmembrane transport protein MmpL5 (Rv0676) can change the functional balance of Eps and cause a reduction in drug susceptibility. This is the first report documenting a unique amino acid mutation (insertion and deletion ≥4-94) in Rv0676 among drug-resistant MTB. We suggest the changes in Mmpl5 (Rv0676) might occurred due to in-vivo sub-therapeutic drug stress within the host cell. Changes in MmpL5 are stable and detected through subsequent culture-positive specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Besharati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Farina
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Ayoubi
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalaledin Ghanavi
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Dourado MN, Pierry PM, Feitosa-Junior OR, Uceda-Campos G, Barbosa D, Zaini PA, Dandekar AM, da Silva AM, Araújo WL. Transcriptome and Secretome Analyses of Endophyte Methylobacterium mesophilicum and Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa Interacting Show Nutrient Competition. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2755. [PMID: 38004766 PMCID: PMC10673610 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of several plant diseases affecting fruit and nut crops. Methylobacterium mesophilicum strain SR1.6/6 was isolated from Citrus sinensis and shown to promote plant growth by producing phytohormones, providing nutrients, inhibiting X. fastidiosa, and preventing Citrus Variegated Chlorosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction among these microbes are still unclear. The present work aimed to analyze physiological and molecular aspects of M. mesophilicum SR1.6/6 and X. fastidiosa 9a5c in co-culture. The transcriptome and secretome analyses indicated that X. fastidiosa down-regulates cell division and transport genes and up-regulates stress via induction of chaperones and pathogenicity-related genes including, the lipase-esterase LesA, a protease, as well as an oligopeptidase in response to M. mesophilicum competition. On the other hand, M. mesophilicum also down-regulated transport genes, except for iron uptake, which was up-regulated. Secretome analysis identified four proteins in M. mesophilicum exclusively produced in co-culture with X. fastidiosa, among these, three are related to phosphorous uptake. These results suggest that M. mesophilicum inhibits X. fastidiosa growth mainly due to nutrient competition for iron and phosphorous, thus promoting X. fastidiosa starvation, besides producing enzymes that degrade X. fastidiosa cell wall, mainly hydrolases. The understanding of these interactions provides a direction for control and management of the phytopathogen X. fastidiosa, and consequently, helps to improve citrus growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Nobrega Dourado
- Microbiology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Agronomic Engineering College, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marques Pierry
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (O.R.F.-J.)
| | | | - Guillermo Uceda-Campos
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (O.R.F.-J.)
| | - Deibs Barbosa
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (O.R.F.-J.)
| | - Paulo A. Zaini
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.A.Z.)
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.A.Z.)
| | - Aline Maria da Silva
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (P.M.P.); (O.R.F.-J.)
| | - Welington Luiz Araújo
- Microbiology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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12
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Rathnapala JMSN, Ragab W, Kawato S, Furukawa M, Nozaki R, Kondo H, Hirono I. Genomic characterization and identification of virulence-related genes in Vibrio nigripulchritudo isolated from white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:779-790. [PMID: 36989191 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio nigripulchritudo causes vibriosis in penaeid shrimps. Here, we used Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies to sequence the genomes of three of its strains (TUMSAT-V. nig1, TUMSAT-V. nig2, and TUMSAT-V. nig3) to explore opportunities for disease management. Putative virulence factors and mobile genetic elements were detected while evaluating the phylogenetic relationship of each isolated strain. The genomes consisted of two circular chromosomes (I and II) plus one or two plasmids. The size of chromosome I ranged from 4.02 to 4.07 Mb with an average GC content of 46%, while the number of predicted CDSs ranged from 3563 to 3644. The size of chromosome II ranged from 2.16 to 2.18 Mb, with an average GC content of 45.5%, and the number of predicted CDSs ranged from 1970 to 1987. Numerous virulence genes were identified related to adherence, antiphagocytosis, chemotaxis, motility, iron uptake, quorum sensing, secretion systems, and toxins in all three genomes. Higher numbers of prophages and genomic islands found in TUMSAT-V. nig1 suggest that the strain has experienced numerous horizontal gene transfer events. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes suggests that the strains have multidrug resistance. Comparative genomic analysis showed that all three strains belonged to the same clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasundara Mudiyanselage Sajani Nisansala Rathnapala
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Wafaa Ragab
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Satoshi Kawato
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Furukawa
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Nozaki
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Arredondo-Alonso S, Blundell-Hunter G, Fu Z, Gladstone RA, Fillol-Salom A, Loraine J, Cloutman-Green E, Johnsen PJ, Samuelsen Ø, Pöntinen AK, Cléon F, Chavez-Bueno S, De la Cruz MA, Ares MA, Vongsouvath M, Chmielarczyk A, Horner C, Klein N, McNally A, Reis JN, Penadés JR, Thomson NR, Corander J, Taylor PW, McCarthy AJ. Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3294. [PMID: 37322051 PMCID: PMC10272209 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in humans. Capsule polysaccharide has an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and the K1 capsule has been firmly established as one of the most potent capsule types in E. coli through its association with severe infections. However, little is known about its distribution, evolution and functions across the E. coli phylogeny, which is fundamental to elucidating its role in the expansion of successful lineages. Using systematic surveys of invasive E. coli isolates, we show that the K1-cps locus is present in a quarter of bloodstream infection isolates and has emerged in at least four different extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) phylogroups independently in the last 500 years. Phenotypic assessment demonstrates that K1 capsule synthesis enhances E. coli survival in human serum independent of genetic background, and that therapeutic targeting of the K1 capsule re-sensitizes E. coli from distinct genetic backgrounds to human serum. Our study highlights that assessing the evolutionary and functional properties of bacterial virulence factors at population levels is important to better monitor and predict the emergence of virulent clones, and to also inform therapies and preventive medicine to effectively control bacterial infections whilst significantly lowering antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Arredondo-Alonso
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Zuyi Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca A Gladstone
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfred Fillol-Salom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elaine Cloutman-Green
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pål J Johnsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ørjan Samuelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna K Pöntinen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - François Cléon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susana Chavez-Bueno
- University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manivanh Vongsouvath
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta str. 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Carolyne Horner
- British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan McNally
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joice N Reis
- Laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology (LPBM), Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - José R Penadés
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Peter W Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alex J McCarthy
- Department of Infectious Disease, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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14
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Tang J, Guo M, Chen M, Xu B, Ran T, Wang W, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. A link between STK signalling and capsular polysaccharide synthesis in Streptococcus suis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2480. [PMID: 37120581 PMCID: PMC10148854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), an important virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria, is modulated by the CpsBCD phosphoregulatory system in Streptococcus. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs, e.g. Stk1) can also regulate CPS synthesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identify a protein (CcpS) that is phosphorylated by Stk1 and modulates the activity of phosphatase CpsB in Streptococcus suis, thus linking Stk1 to CPS synthesis. The crystal structure of CcpS shows an intrinsically disordered region at its N-terminus, including two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by Stk1. The activity of phosphatase CpsB is inhibited when bound to non-phosphorylated CcpS. Thus, CcpS modulates the activity of phosphatase CpsB thereby altering CpsD phosphorylation, which in turn modulates the expression of the Wzx-Wzy pathway and thus CPS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengru Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Tingting Ran
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiwu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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15
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Ladhari S, Vu NN, Boisvert C, Saidi A, Nguyen-Tri P. Recent Development of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Based Materials for Antibacterial Applications: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1398-1430. [PMID: 36912908 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The diseases caused by microorganisms are innumerable existing on this planet. Nevertheless, increasing antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent global challenge. Thus, in recent decades, bactericidal materials have been considered promising candidates to combat bacterial pathogens. Recently, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been used as green and biodegradable materials in various promising alternative applications, especially in healthcare for antiviral or antiviral purposes. However, it lacks a systematic review of the recent application of this emerging material for antibacterial applications. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this review is to provide a critical review of the state of the art recent development of PHA biopolymers in terms of cutting-edge production technologies as well as promising application fields. In addition, special attention was given to collecting scientific information on antibacterial agents that can potentially be incorporated into PHA materials for biological and durable antimicrobial protection. Furthermore, the current research gaps are declared, and future research perspectives are proposed to better understand the properties of these biopolymers as well as their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ladhari
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Nhu-Nang Vu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Cédrik Boisvert
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Alireza Saidi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environment, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
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16
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P. R, Saif Ali M, Ghosh S, Babu Tatina M. Total Synthesis of
Streptococcus suis
Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P.
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Mohammad Saif Ali
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
| | - Madhu Babu Tatina
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka 500007 Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 202002 Ghaziabad India
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17
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Gebremichael Y, Crandall J, Mukhopadhyay R, Xu F. Salmonella Subpopulations Identified from Human Specimens Express Heterogenous Phenotypes That Are Relevant to Clinical Diagnosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0167922. [PMID: 36507668 PMCID: PMC9927314 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01679-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal bacterial cells can give rise to functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. This diversification is considered an adaptation strategy that has been demonstrated for several bacterial species, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. In previous studies on mouse models infected orally with pure Salmonella cultures, derived bacterial cells collected from animal tissues were found to express heterogenous phenotypes. Here, we show mixed Salmonella populations, apparently derived from the same progenitor, present in human specimens collected at a single disease time point, and in a long-term-infected patient, these Salmonella were no longer expressing surface-exposed antigen epitopes by isolates collected at earlier days of the disease. The subpopulations express different phenotypes related to cell surface antigen expression, motility, biofilm formation, biochemical metabolism, and antibiotic resistance, which can all contribute to pathogenicity. Some of the phenotypes correlate with single nucleotide polymorphisms or other sequence changes in bacterial genomes. These genetic variations can alter synthesis of cell membrane-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins, leading to changes in bacterial surface structure and function. This study demonstrates the limitation of Salmonella diagnostic methods that are based on a single-cell population which may not represent the heterogenous bacterial community in infected humans. IMPORTANCE In animal model systems, heterogenous Salmonella phenotypes were found previously to regulate bacterial infections. We describe in this communication that different Salmonella phenotypes also exist in infected humans at a single disease time point and that their phenotypic and molecular traits are associated with different aspects of pathogenicity. Notably, variation in genes encoding antibiotic resistance and two-component systems were observed from the subpopulations of a patient suffering from persistent salmonellosis. Therefore, clinical and public health interventions of the disease that are based on diagnosis of a single-cell population may miss other subpopulations that can cause residual human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yismashoa Gebremichael
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - John Crandall
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Rituparna Mukhopadhyay
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Fengfeng Xu
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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18
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Chen WA, Dou Y, Fletcher HM, Boskovic DS. Local and Systemic Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:470. [PMID: 36838435 PMCID: PMC9963840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for P. gingivalis to avoid complete host immunosuppression, as inflammation-induced tissue damage provides essential nutrients necessary for robust bacterial proliferation. In this context, P. gingivalis can gain access to the systemic circulation, where it can promote a prothrombotic state. P. gingivalis expresses a number of virulence factors, which aid this pathogen toward infection of a variety of host cells, evasion of detection by the host immune system, subversion of the host immune responses, and activation of several humoral and cellular hemostatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yuetan Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hansel M. Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Danilo S. Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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19
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Cuozzo S, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, LeBlanc J, Hoffmann N, Tortella G. Streptomyces genus as a source of probiotics and its potential for its use in health. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Zuo D, Yin Y, Fang T, Jiang H, Ding J, Hu H, Wang S, Qi J, Tian M, Yu S. A homolog of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase isolated from Brucella melitensis displays an acidic dual specific phosphatase activity, nonessential for bacterial resistance to bactericidal factors and virulence. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Ruest MK, Dennis JJ. The Exploration of Complement-Resistance Mechanisms of Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria to Support the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Pathogens 2022; 11:931. [PMID: 36015050 PMCID: PMC9412335 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics in Bacteria is one of the biggest threats to human health. After decades of attempting to isolate or design antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action against bacterial pathogens, few approaches have been successful. Antibacterial drug discovery is now moving towards targeting bacterial virulence factors, especially immune evasion factors. Gram-negative bacteria present some of the most significant challenges in terms of antibiotic resistance. However, they are also able to be eliminated by the component of the innate immune system known as the complement system. In response, Gram-negative bacteria have evolved a variety of mechanisms by which they are able to evade complement and cause infection. Complement resistance mechanisms present some of the best novel therapeutic targets for defending against highly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan J. Dennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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22
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Jung J, Schaffner DW. The role of
Salmonella
Newport cell surface structures on bacterial attachment and transfer during cucumber peeling. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1246-1253. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiin Jung
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University 65 Dudley Road New Brunswick
- School of Occupational and Public Health Toronto Metropolitan University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5B 2K3
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23
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Sharma P, Sharma S, Joshi S, Barman P, Bhatt A, Maan M, Singla N, Rishi P, Ali ME, Preet S, Saini A. Design, characterization and structure-function analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides based on the N-terminal CATH-2 fragment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12058. [PMID: 35835842 PMCID: PMC9283491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance coupled with shrinking antibiotic pipelines has increased the demand of antimicrobials with novel mechanisms of action. Therefore, researchers across the globe are striving to develop new antimicrobial substances to alleviate the pressure on conventional antibiotic therapies. Host-Defence Peptides (HDPs) and their derivatives are emerging as effective therapeutic agents against microbial resistance. In this study, five analogs (DP1-5) of the N-terminal (N-15) fragment of CATH-2 were designed based on the delicate balance between various physicochemical properties such as charge, aliphatic character, amphipathicity and hydrophobicity. By means of in-silico and in-vitro studies a novel peptide (DP1) with the sequence "RFGRFLRKILRFLKK" was found to be more effective and less toxic than the N-terminal CATH-2 peptide. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were applied for structural insights. Antimicrobial, haemolytic, and cytotoxic activities were also assessed. The resulting peptide was characterized by low cytotoxicity, low haemolytic activity, and efficient anti-microbial activity. Structurally, it displayed strong helical properties irrespective of the solvent environment and was stable in membrane-mimicking environments. Taken together, the data suggests that DP1 can be explored as a promising therapeutic agent with possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Shubhi Joshi
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Panchali Barman
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aashish Bhatt
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Mayank Maan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India.
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Zhang F, Thompson C, Ma N, Lu YJ, Malley R. Carrier Proteins Facilitate the Generation of Antipolysaccharide Immunity via Multiple Mechanisms. mBio 2022; 13:e0379021. [PMID: 35420488 PMCID: PMC9239039 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03790-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are important antigenic targets against bacterial infections. As T-independent antigens, however, CPSs elicit short-lived immune responses in adults and are poorly immunogenic in young children. Coupling CPS with protein carriers enhances anti-CPS responses and generates long-lasting immune memory. However, the mechanisms whereby carrier proteins accomplish this are not fully understood. Here, we dissect different mechanisms whereby carrier proteins enhance anti-CPS immunity. We show how coupling CPS with protein carriers modifies the interaction of CPS with antigen-presenting cells, enables a dual-activation mechanism for CPS-specific B cells via interaction with CPS- or carrier-specific T helper cells, and potentiates the recall of anti-CPS responses by engaging memory T helper cells during subsequent vaccination or bacterial exposure. Our findings provide new insights into the immunological basis of carrier-mediated anti-CPS immunity and may help in the design of more effective CPS-based vaccines. IMPORTANCE Polysaccharide capsules, the outermost shells of many bacterial pathogens, play a role in pathogenesis and protect bacteria against the immune system. Generating antipolysaccharide antibodies by vaccination has provided effective protection against infectious diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria. However, most pure polysaccharide preparations are poorly immunogenic, particularly in young children. To circumvent this problem, vaccines have been developed using polysaccharides associated with protein carriers. The precise mechanism whereby protein carriers enhance the immunogenicity of the polysaccharide remains unclear. The significance of our research is in elucidating the different roles played by carriers in facilitating polysaccharide processing and presentation, priming polysaccharide-specific B cells, and potentiating recall antipolysaccharide responses. Overall, our work provides new insights into the immunological basis of carrier-mediated antipolysaccharide immunity and may help in the design of more effective polysaccharide-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudette Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying-Jie Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Malley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Fan Y, Bai J, Xi D, Yang B. RpoE Facilitates Stress-Resistance, Invasion, and Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli K1. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050879. [PMID: 35630325 PMCID: PMC9147696 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K1 is the most common Gram-negative bacterium that causes neonatal meningitis; thus, a better understanding of its pathogenic molecular mechanisms is critical. However, the mechanisms by which E. coli K1 senses the signals of the host and expresses toxins for survival are poorly understood. As an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, RpoE controls a wide range of pathogenesis-associated pathways in response to environmental stress. We found that the ΔrpoE mutant strain reduced the binding and invasion rate in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) in vitro, level of bacteremia, and percentage of meningitis in vivo. To confirm the direct targets of RpoE in vivo, we performed qRT-PCR and ChIP-qPCR on known toxic genes. RpoE was found to regulate pathogenic target genes, namely, ompA, cnf1, fimB, ibeA, kpsM, and kpsF directly and fimA, aslA, and traJ indirectly. The expression of these genes was upregulated when E. coli K1 was cultured with antibacterial peptides, whereas remained unchanged in the presence of the ΔrpoE mutant strain. Moreover, RpoE reduced IL-6 and IL-8 levels in E. coli K1-infected HBMECs. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that RpoE mediates the host adaptation capacity of E. coli K1 via a regulatory mechanism on virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.F.); (J.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jing Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.F.); (J.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Daoyi Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China;
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Bin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.F.); (J.B.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence:
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Bhat IM, Wani SM, Mir SA, Masoodi F. Advances in xanthan gum production, modifications and its applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Pearson C, Tindall S, Potts JR, Thomas GH, van der Woude MW. Diverse functions for acyltransferase-3 proteins in the modification of bacterial cell surfaces. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001146. [PMID: 35253642 PMCID: PMC9558356 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The acylation of sugars, most commonly via acetylation, is a widely used mechanism in bacteria that uses a simple chemical modification to confer useful traits. For structures like lipopolysaccharide, capsule and peptidoglycan, that function outside of the cytoplasm, their acylation during export or post-synthesis requires transport of an activated acyl group across the membrane. In bacteria this function is most commonly linked to a family of integral membrane proteins - acyltransferase-3 (AT3). Numerous studies examining production of diverse extracytoplasmic sugar-containing structures have identified roles for these proteins in O-acylation. Many of the phenotypes conferred by the action of AT3 proteins influence host colonisation and environmental survival, as well as controlling the properties of biotechnologically important polysaccharides and the modification of antibiotics and antitumour drugs by Actinobacteria. Herein we present the first systematic review, to our knowledge, of the functions of bacterial AT3 proteins, revealing an important protein family involved in a plethora of systems of importance to bacterial function that is still relatively poorly understood at the mechanistic level. By defining and comparing this set of functions we draw out common themes in the structure and mechanism of this fascinating family of membrane-bound enzymes, which, due to their role in host colonisation in many pathogens, could offer novel targets for the development of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Tindall
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | | | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, UK
- York Biomedical Institute, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Marjan W. van der Woude
- York Biomedical Institute, University of York, Heslington, UK
- Hull York Medical School, Heslington, UK
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Gao M, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Hu X, Jiang Y, Yan J, Li Z, Zheng Z, Zhan X. Exopolysaccharide synthesis repressor genes (exoR and exoX) related to curdlan biosynthesis by Agrobacterium sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:193-202. [PMID: 35181324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan is a neutral, water-insoluble, unbranched, linear β-(1,3)-glucan. This study explored the roles of exoR and exoX in curdlan biosynthesis in Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749. The microcapsule biosynthesis of ΔexoR strain was reduced, and the motility of this strain increased remarkably compared with the wild-type (WT) strain during the cell growth phase. The curdlan yields of ΔexoR and ΔexoX strains enhanced by 19% and 17%, and the glucose utilization increased by 12% and 11%, respectively, compared with the WT strain during batch fermentation. By contrast, the curdlan yields of exoR and exoX overexpression strains decreased by 28% and 33%, respectively. The gel strength produced by ΔexoR and exoX overexpression strains decreased compared with the WT strain. RT-qPCR analysis at the transcriptional level revealed that key genes in exopolysaccharide synthesis and central metabolic pathways were up-regulated in ΔexoX and ΔexoR strains during gel production. Metabolomics analysis of ΔexoR and ΔexoX mutants proved the rates of central metabolic and electron transport chain were accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhilei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Hu
- China Biotech Fermentation Industry Association, Beijing 100833, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Pandur Ž, Dular M, Kostanjšek R, Stopar D. Bacterial cell wall material properties determine E. coli resistance to sonolysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105919. [PMID: 35077964 PMCID: PMC8789596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The applications of bacterial sonolysis in industrial settings are plagued by the lack of the knowledge of the exact mechanism of action of sonication on bacterial cells, variable effectiveness of cavitation on bacteria, and inconsistent data of its efficiency. In this study we have systematically changed material properties of E. coli cells to probe the effect of different cell wall layers on bacterial resistance to ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz, output power 6,73 W, horn type, 3 mm probe tip diameter, 1 ml sample volume). We have determined the rates of sonolysis decay for bacteria with compromised major capsular polymers, disrupted outer membrane, compromised peptidoglycan layer, spheroplasts, giant spheroplasts, and in bacteria with different cell physiology. The non-growing bacteria were 5-fold more resistant to sonolysis than growing bacteria. The most important bacterial cell wall structure that determined the outcome during sonication was peptidoglycan. If peptidoglycan was remodelled, weakened, or absent the cavitation was very efficient. Cells with removed peptidoglycan had sonolysis resistance equal to lipid vesicles and were extremely sensitive to sonolysis. The results suggest that bacterial physiological state as well as cell wall architecture are major determinants that influence the outcome of bacterial sonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Pandur
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SI-Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, SI-Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, SI-Slovenia
| | - Rok Kostanjšek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SI-Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SI-Slovenia.
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Anish C, Beurret M, Poolman J. Combined effects of glycan chain length and linkage type on the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:150. [PMID: 34893630 PMCID: PMC8664855 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and use of antibacterial glycoconjugate vaccines have significantly reduced the occurrence of potentially fatal childhood and adult diseases such as bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, and pneumonia. In these vaccines, the covalent linkage of bacterial glycans to carrier proteins augments the immunogenicity of saccharide antigens by triggering T cell-dependent B cell responses, leading to high-affinity antibodies and durable protection. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines either contain long-chain bacterial polysaccharides, medium-sized oligosaccharides, or short synthetic glycans. Here, we discuss factors that affect the glycan chain length in vaccines and review the available literature discussing the impact of glycan chain length on vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, we evaluate the available clinical data on licensed glycoconjugate vaccine preparations with varying chain lengths against two bacterial pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis group C, regarding a possible correlation of glycan chain length with their efficacy. We find that long-chain glycans cross-linked to carrier proteins and medium-sized oligosaccharides end-linked to carriers both achieve high immunogenicity and efficacy. However, end-linked glycoconjugates that contain long untethered stretches of native glycan chains may induce hyporesponsiveness by T cell-independent activation of B cells, while cross-linked medium-sized oligosaccharides may suffer from suboptimal saccharide epitope accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakkumkal Anish
- grid.497529.40000 0004 0625 7026Bacterial Vaccines Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel Beurret
- Bacterial Vaccines Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Jan Poolman
- grid.497529.40000 0004 0625 7026Bacterial Vaccines Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
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31
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Mehta K, Shukla A, Saraf M. Articulating the exuberant intricacies of bacterial exopolysaccharides to purge environmental pollutants. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08446. [PMID: 34877428 PMCID: PMC8628041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharide (EPS) is composed of a mixture of macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, humic-like compounds, and nucleic acids, which encase microbial cells in a three-dimensional matrix. The literature shows that the EPS possess significant properties such as renewable, biodegradable, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and economically valued product, representing it as a green alternative to the synthetic polymer. The cost-effective and green synthesis of the EPS must be encouraged by using agro-waste as a raw material. The main objective of the manuscript is to provide a comprehensive update on the various aspects pertaining to EPS, including the economic aspects of EPS production, provide an insight into the latest tools and techniques used for detailed structural EPS characterization along with updates in the integration of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for engineering the modification in EPS production, the role of newly discovered EPR3 as a signalling molecule in plant growth-promoting properties (PGP) or agricultural microbiology. Furthermore, the EPS achieved prospective interest prevailing potential environmental issues which can be subject to EPS treatment including, landfill leachate treatment, decolourization of dye from the effluent or waste generated by an industry, removal of radionuclides, heavy metals and toxic compounds from the various environments (aquatic and terrestrial), industry effluents, waste waters etc. are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krina Mehta
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Arpit Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, University of Innovation, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Meenu Saraf
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Corresponding author.
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Paudel S, Wachira J, McCarthy PC. Towards Computationally Guided Design and Engineering of a Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W Capsule Polymerase with Altered Substrate Specificity. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:2192. [PMID: 37483532 PMCID: PMC10361700 DOI: 10.3390/pr9122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of drinking water is a public health concern that requires the development of more efficient bioremediation techniques. Absorption technologies, including biosorption, provide opportunities for improvements to increase the diversity of target metal ions and overall binding capacity. Microorganisms are a key component in wastewater treatment plants, and they naturally bind metal ions through surface macromolecules but with limited capacity. The long-term goal of this work is to engineer capsule polymerases to synthesize molecules with novel functionalities. In previously published work, we showed that the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W (NmW) galactose-sialic acid (Gal-NeuNAc) heteropolysaccharide binds lead ions effectively, thereby demonstrating the potential for its use in environmental decontamination applications. In this study, computational analysis of the NmW capsule polymerase galactosyltransferase (GT) domain was used to gain insight into how the enzyme could be modified to enable the synthesis of N-acetylgalactosamine-sialic acid (GalNAc-NeuNAc) heteropolysaccharide. Various computational approaches, including molecular modeling with I-TASSER and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with NAMD, were utilized to identify key amino acid residues in the substrate binding pocket of the GT domain that may be key to conferring UDP-GalNAc specificity. Through these combined strategies and using BshA, a UDP-GlcNAc transferase, as a structural template, several NmW active site residues were identified as mutational targets to accommodate the proposed N-acetyl group in UDP-GalNAc. Thus, a rational approach for potentially conferring new properties to bacterial capsular polysaccharides is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Paudel
- Department of Computer Science, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - James Wachira
- Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
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Surface Glucan Structures in Aeromonas spp. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110649. [PMID: 34822520 PMCID: PMC8625153 DOI: 10.3390/md19110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are generally found in aquatic environments, although they have also been isolated from both fresh and processed food. These Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria are mostly infective to poikilothermic animals, although they are also considered opportunistic pathogens of both aquatic and terrestrial homeotherms, and some species have been associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal septicemic infections in humans. Among the different pathogenic factors associated with virulence, several cell-surface glucans have been shown to contribute to colonization and survival of Aeromonas pathogenic strains, in different hosts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule and α-glucan structures, for instance, have been shown to play important roles in bacterial–host interactions related to pathogenesis, such as adherence, biofilm formation, or immune evasion. In addition, glycosylation of both polar and lateral flagella has been shown to be mandatory for flagella production and motility in different Aeromonas strains, and has also been associated with increased bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and induction of the host proinflammatory response. The main aspects of these structures are covered in this review.
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Lopes GV, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Scheik LK, Fiorentini ÂM, Padilha da Silva W. Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacterjejuni. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105265. [PMID: 34699927 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a highly frequent cause of gastrointestinal foodborne disease in humans throughout the world. Disease outcomes vary from mild to severe diarrhea, and in rare cases the Guillain-Barré syndrome or reactive arthritis can develop as a post-infection complication. Transmission to humans usually occurs via the consumption of a range of foods, especially those associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked poultry meat, unpasteurized milk, and water-based environmental sources. When associated to food or water ingestion, the C. jejuni enters the human host intestine via the oral route and colonizes the distal ileum and colon. When it adheres and colonizes the intestinal cell surfaces, the C. jejuni is expected to express several putative virulence factors, which cause damage to the intestine either directly, by cell invasion and/or production of toxin(s), or indirectly, by triggering inflammatory responses. This review article highlights various C. jejuni characteristics - such as motility and chemotaxis - that contribute to the biological fitness of the pathogen, as well as factors involved in human host cell adhesion and invasion, and their potential role in the development of the disease. We have analyzed and critically discussed nearly 180 scientific articles covering the latest improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Bento FMM, Darolt JC, Merlin BL, Penã L, Wulff NA, Cônsoli FL. The molecular interplay of the establishment of an infection - gene expression of Diaphorina citri gut and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:677. [PMID: 34544390 PMCID: PMC8454146 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is one the causative agents of greening disease in citrus, an unccurable, devastating disease of citrus worldwide. CLas is vectored by Diaphorina citri, and the understanding of the molecular interplay between vector and pathogen will provide additional basis for the development and implementation of successful management strategies. We focused in the molecular interplay occurring in the gut of the vector, a major barrier for CLas invasion and colonization. RESULTS We investigated the differential expression of vector and CLas genes by analyzing a de novo reference metatranscriptome of the gut of adult psyllids fed of CLas-infected and healthy citrus plants for 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 days. CLas regulates the immune response of the vector affecting the production of reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen, and the production of antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, CLas overexpressed peroxiredoxin, probably in a protective manner. The major transcript involved in immune expression was related to melanization, a CLIP-domain serine protease we believe participates in the wounding of epithelial cells damaged during infection, which is supported by the down-regulation of pangolin. We also detected that CLas modulates the gut peristalsis of psyllids through the down-regulation of titin, reducing the elimination of CLas with faeces. The up-regulation of the neuromodulator arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase implies CLas also interferes with the double brain-gut communication circuitry of the vector. CLas colonizes the gut by expressing two Type IVb pilin flp genes and several chaperones that can also function as adhesins. We hypothesized biofilm formation occurs by the expression of the cold shock protein of CLas. CONCLUSIONS The thorough detailed analysis of the transcritome of Ca. L. asiaticus and of D. citri at different time points of their interaction in the gut tissues of the host led to the identification of several host genes targeted for regulation by L. asiaticus, but also bacterial genes coding for potential effector proteins. The identified targets and effector proteins are potential targets for the development of new management strategies directed to interfere with the successful utilization of the psyllid vector by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Moura Manoel Bento
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Josiane Cecília Darolt
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Leandro Penã
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nelson Arno Wulff
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
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Abstract
Polysaccharides are often the most abundant antigens found on the extracellular surfaces of bacterial cells. These polysaccharides play key roles in interactions with the outside world, and for many bacterial pathogens, they represent what is presented to the human immune system. As a result, many vaccines have been or currently are being developed against carbohydrate antigens. In this review, we explore the diversity of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in Salmonella and other selected bacterial species and explain the classification and function of CPS as vaccine antigens. Despite many vaccines being developed using carbohydrate antigens, the low immunogenicity and the diversity of infecting strains and serovars present an antigen formulation challenge to manufacturers. Vaccines tend to focus on common serovars or have changing formulations over time, reflecting the trends in human infection, which can be costly and time-consuming. We summarize the approaches to generate carbohydrate-based vaccines for Salmonella, describe vaccines that are in development and emphasize the need for an effective vaccine against non-typhoidal Salmonella strains.
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Lee YM, Park Y, Kim H, Shin SC. Complete genome sequence of Rhodoferax sp. PAMC 29310 from a marine sediment of the East Siberian Sea. Mar Genomics 2021; 62:100891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2021.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boluk G, Arizala D, Dobhal S, Zhang J, Hu J, Alvarez AM, Arif M. Genomic and Phenotypic Biology of Novel Strains of Dickeya zeae Isolated From Pineapple and Taro in Hawaii: Insights Into Genome Plasticity, Pathogenicity, and Virulence Determinants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663851. [PMID: 34456933 PMCID: PMC8386352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dickeya zeae, a bacterial plant pathogen of the family Pectobacteriaceae, is responsible for a wide range of diseases on potato, maize, rice, banana, pineapple, taro, and ornamentals and significantly reduces crop production. D. zeae causes the soft rot of taro (Colocasia esculenta) and the heart rot of pineapple (Ananas comosus). In this study, we used Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to sequence two high-quality complete genomes of novel strains of D. zeae: PL65 (size: 4.74997 MB; depth: 701x; GC: 53.6%) and A5410 (size: 4.7792 MB; depth: 558x; GC: 53.5%) isolated from economically important Hawaiian crops, taro, and pineapple, respectively. Additional complete genomes of D. zeae representing three additional hosts (philodendron, rice, and banana) and other species used for a taxonomic comparison were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank genome database. Genomic analyses indicated the truncated type III and IV secretion systems (T3SS and T4SS) in the taro strain, which only harbored one and two genes of T3SS and T4SS, respectively, and showed high heterogeneity in the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Unlike strain EC1, which was isolated from rice and recently reclassified as D. oryzae, neither the genome PL65 nor A5410 harbors the zeamine biosynthesis gene cluster, which plays a key role in virulence of other Dickeya species. The percentages of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between the two genomes were 94.47 and 57.00, respectively. In this study, we compared the major virulence factors [plant cell wall-degrading extracellular enzymes and protease (Prt)] produced by D. zeae strains and evaluated the virulence on taro corms and pineapple leaves. Both strains produced Prts, pectate lyases (Pels), and cellulases but no significant quantitative differences were observed (p > 0.05) between the strains. All the strains produced symptoms on taro corms and pineapple leaves, but the strain PL65 produced symptoms more rapidly than others. Our study highlights the genetic constituents of pathogenicity determinants and genomic heterogeneity that will help to understand the virulence mechanisms and aggressiveness of this plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Boluk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dario Arizala
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Shefali Dobhal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Hu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Anne M. Alvarez
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Tamai Y, Iwasa M, Eguchi A, Shigefuku R, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E, Takei Y. Rifaximin ameliorates intestinal inflammation in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. JGH Open 2021; 5:827-830. [PMID: 34263080 PMCID: PMC8264230 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rifaximin (RFX) treatment can attenuate not only hyperammonemia but also Enterococcus faecalis translocation and 10-7G values, suggesting that RFX treatment may improve intestinal inflammation and result in better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Ryuta Shigefuku
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical InvestigationOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
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Zhang S, Sella M, Sianturi J, Priegue P, Shen D, Seeberger PH. Discovery of Oligosaccharide Antigens for Semi-Synthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Leads against Streptococcus suis Serotypes 2, 3, 9 and 14*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14679-14692. [PMID: 33852172 PMCID: PMC8252040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis bacteria are one of the most serious health problems for pigs and an emerging zoonotic agent in humans working in the swine industry. S. suis bacteria express capsular polysaccharides (CPS) a major bacterial virulence factor that define the serotypes. Oligosaccharides resembling the CPS of S. suis serotypes 2, 3, 9, and 14 have been synthesized, glycans related to serotypes 2 and 9 were placed on glycan array surfaces to screen blood from infected pigs. Lead antigens for the development of semi-synthetic S. suis serotypes 2 and 9 glycoconjugate veterinary vaccines were identified in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mauro Sella
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Blundell-Hunter G, Enright MC, Negus D, Dorman MJ, Beecham GE, Pickard DJ, Wintachai P, Voravuthikunchai SP, Thomson NR, Taylor PW. Characterisation of Bacteriophage-Encoded Depolymerases Selective for Key Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsular Exopolysaccharides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:686090. [PMID: 34222050 PMCID: PMC8253255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.686090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsular polysaccharides enable clinically important clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cause severe systemic infections in susceptible hosts. Phage-encoded capsule depolymerases have the potential to provide an alternative treatment paradigm in patients when multiple drug resistance has eroded the efficacy of conventional antibiotic chemotherapy. An investigation of 164 K. pneumoniae from intensive care patients in Thailand revealed a large number of distinct K types in low abundance but four (K2, K51, K1, K10) with a frequency of at least 5%. To identify depolymerases with the capacity to degrade capsules associated with these common K-types, 62 lytic phage were isolated from Thai hospital sewage water using K1, K2 and K51 isolates as hosts; phage plaques, without exception, displayed halos indicative of the presence of capsule-degrading enzymes. Phage genomes ranged in size from 41-348 kb with between 50 and 535 predicted coding sequences (CDSs). Using a custom phage protein database we were successful in applying annotation to 30 - 70% (mean = 58%) of these CDSs. The largest genomes, of so-called jumbo phage, carried multiple tRNAs as well as CRISPR repeat and spacer sequences. One of the smaller phage genomes was found to contain a putative Cas type 1E gene, indicating a history of host DNA acquisition in these obligate lytic phage. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) indicated that some phage displayed an extended host range due to the presence of multiple depolymerase genes; in total, 42 candidate depolymerase genes were identified with up to eight in a single genome. Seven distinct virions were selected for further investigation on the basis of host range, phage morphology and WGS. Candidate genes for K1, K2 and K51 depolymerases were expressed and purified as his6-tagged soluble protein and enzymatic activity demonstrated against K. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides by gel electrophoresis and Anton-Paar rolling ball viscometry. Depolymerases completely removed the capsule in K-type-specific fashion from K. pneumoniae cells. We conclude that broad-host range phage carry multiple enzymes, each with the capacity to degrade a single K-type, and any future use of these enzymes as therapeutic agents will require enzyme cocktails for utility against a range of K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C. Enright
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Negus
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Dorman
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma E. Beecham
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Pickard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicholas R. Thomson
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Neveling DP, Dicks LMT. Probiotics: an Antibiotic Replacement Strategy for Healthy Broilers and Productive Rearing. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1-11. [PMID: 32556932 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics at a rate much faster than the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds. Reports of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from broilers, and the possibility that these strains may spread diseases amongst humans, prompted many European countries to ban the inclusion of antibiotics in feed. Probiotics added to broiler feed controlled a number of bacterial infections. A combination of Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus animalis, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri decreased the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella Enteritidis in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of broilers, whereas Bacillus subtilis improved feed conversion, intestinal morphology, stimulated the immune system and inhibited the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Minnesota. Lactobacillus salivarius and Pediococcus parvulus improved weight gain, bone characteristics, intestinal morphology and immune response, and decreased the colonisation of S. Enteritidis. Lactobacillus crispatus, L. salivarius, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens decreased the Salmonella count and led to an increase in lysozyme and T lymphocytes. Probiotics may also improve feed digestion through production of phytases, lipases, amylases and proteases or stimulate the GIT to secrete digestive enzymes. Some strains increase the nutritional value of feed by production of vitamins, exopolysaccharides and antioxidants. Bacteriocins, if produced, regulate pathogen numbers in the GIT and keep pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deon P Neveling
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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43
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Zhang S, Sella M, Sianturi J, Priegue P, Shen D, Seeberger PH. Discovery of Oligosaccharide Antigens for Semi‐Synthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Leads against
Streptococcus suis
Serotypes 2, 3, 9 and 14**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mauro Sella
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Julinton Sianturi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
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44
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Kim JH, Hofmann A, Kim JS. Crystal structure of a GDP-6-OMe-4-keto-L-xylo-heptose reductase from Campylobacter jejuni. Proteins 2021; 89:1030-1038. [PMID: 33792088 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a major role in infection strategies of various enteric pathogens. In Campylobacter jejuni, the most common cause of gastroenteritis, uniquely modified heptoses found in surface carbohydrates are synthesized by specific pathways. Owing to the importance of such pathways for the infectious potential of pathogens and/or their virulence, these biosynthesis pathways present potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we determined the crystal structure of GDP-6-OMe-4-keto-L-xylo-heptose reductase (MlghC), an enzyme within the L-gluco-heptose synthesis pathway of C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168. This enzyme lacks the canonical tyrosine residue of the conserved catalytic Ser-Lys-Tyr triad commonly found among functionally related reductases. Despite adopting the overall two-domain fold shared with other short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family members, subtle structural differences in the interface between the cofactor- and substrate-binding domains explain the absence of epimerase activity and different substrate specificity of this reductase. Modeling of the product-bound complex based on the crystal structure presented here suggests that a tyrosine residue unique to MlghC replaces the missing canonical residue of the catalytic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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45
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Khorsandi K, Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Khatibi Shahidi F, Hosseinzadeh R, Kanwal S. A mechanistic perspective on targeting bacterial drug resistance with nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2021; 29:941-959. [PMID: 33703979 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1895818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are an important cause of mortality worldwide owing to the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria. Bacteria develop resistance against antimicrobial drugs by several mechanisms such as enzyme inactivation, reduced cell permeability, modifying target site or enzyme, enhanced efflux because of high expression of efflux pumps, biofilm formation or drug-resistance gene expression. New and alternative ways such as nanoparticle (NP) applications are being established to overcome the growing multidrug-resistance in bacteria. NPs have unique antimicrobial characteristics that make them appropriate for medical application to overcome antibiotic resistance. The proposed antibacterial mechanisms of NPs are cell membrane damage, changing cell wall penetration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, effect on DNA and proteins, and impact on biofilm formation. The present review mainly focuses on discussing various mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance and the applications of NPs as alternative antibacterial systems. Combination therapy of NPs and antibiotics as a novel approach in medicine towards antimicrobial resistance is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fedora Khatibi Shahidi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simab Kanwal
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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46
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Green SI, Gu Liu C, Yu X, Gibson S, Salmen W, Rajan A, Carter HE, Clark JR, Song X, Ramig RF, Trautner BW, Kaplan HB, Maresso AW. Targeting of Mammalian Glycans Enhances Phage Predation in the Gastrointestinal Tract. mBio 2021; 12:e03474-20. [PMID: 33563833 PMCID: PMC7885116 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03474-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal mucosal surface consists of a eukaryotic epithelium, a prokaryotic microbiota, and a carbohydrate-rich interface that separates them. In the gastrointestinal tract, the interaction of bacteriophages (phages) and their prokaryotic hosts influences the health of the mammalian host, especially colonization with invasive pathobionts. Antibiotics may be used, but they also kill protective commensals. Here, we report a novel phage whose lytic cycle is enhanced in intestinal environments. The tail fiber gene, whose protein product binds human heparan sulfated proteoglycans and localizes the phage to the epithelial cell surface, positions it near its bacterial host, a type of locational targeting mechanism. This finding offers the prospect of developing mucosal targeting phage to selectively remove invasive pathobiont species from mucosal surfaces.IMPORTANCE Invasive pathobionts or microbes capable of causing disease can reside deep within the mucosal epithelium of our gastrointestinal tract. Targeted effective antibacterial therapies are needed to combat these disease-causing organisms, many of which may be multidrug resistant. Here, we isolated a lytic bacteriophage (phage) that can localize to the epithelial surface by binding heparan sulfated glycans, positioning it near its host, Escherichia coli This targeted therapy can be used to selectively remove invasive pathobionts from the gastrointestinal tract, preventing the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina I Green
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Gu Liu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shelley Gibson
- Department of Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wilhem Salmen
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anubama Rajan
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah E Carter
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin R Clark
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert F Ramig
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara W Trautner
- Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heidi B Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony W Maresso
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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47
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Disentangling the Impact of Sulfur Limitation on Exopolysaccharide and Functionality of Alr2882 by In Silico Approaches in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1447-1468. [PMID: 33484449 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The wide applications, uniqueness, and high quality of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have attracted many biotechnologists. Despite it, the inducers and molecular determinants of EPS biosynthesis in cyanobacteria are lesser known. Although, studies revealed that environmental cues especially C/N ratio as the prime modulator, the factors like light, temperature, moisture, and nutrient availability, etc. have been overlooked. Due to this, the possibilities to modify cyanobacterial system for achieving higher quantity of EPS either by modifying growth medium or metabolic engineering are restricted to few optimisations. Therefore, the present work describes the impact of sulfate limitations on the EPS production and compositions in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Increased EPS production with enhanced expression of alr2882 was observed in lower sulfate supplementations; however, FTIR analysis depicted an altered composition of supramolecule. Furthermore, in silico analysis of Alr2882 depicted the presence of ExoD domain and three transmembrane regions, thereby indicating its membrane localisation and role in the EPS production. Additionally, the phylogeny and multiple sequence alignment showed vertical inheritance of exoD and conservation among cyanobacteria. The meta-threading template-based modelling and ab initio full atomic relaxation by LOMET and ModRefiner servers, respectively, also exhibited helical topology of Alr2882, with nine α-helices arranged antiparallel to the preceding one. Moreover, post-translational modifications predicted in Alr2882 indicated high order of molecular regulation underlining EPS production in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. This study provides a foundation for understanding the EPS biosynthesis mechanism under sulfur limitation and the possible role of ExoD in cyanobacteria.
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Cryo-EM structure of the full-length WzmWzt ABC transporter required for lipid-linked O antigen transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2016144118. [PMID: 33443152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016144118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
O antigens are important cell surface polysaccharides in gram-negative bacteria where they extend core lipopolysaccharides in the extracellular leaflet of the outer membrane. O antigen structures are serotype specific and form extended cell surface barriers endowing many pathogens with survival benefits. In the ABC transporter-dependent biosynthesis pathway, O antigens are assembled on the cytosolic side of the inner membrane on a lipid anchor and reoriented to the periplasmic leaflet by the channel-forming WzmWzt ABC transporter for ligation to the core lipopolysaccharides. In many cases, this process depends on the chemical modification of the O antigen's nonreducing terminus, sensed by WzmWzt via a carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD) that extends its nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). Here, we provide the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the full-length WzmWzt transporter from Aquifex aeolicus bound to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and in a lipid environment, revealing a highly asymmetric transporter organization. The CBDs dimerize and associate with only one NBD. Conserved loops at the CBD dimer interface straddle a conserved peripheral NBD helix. The CBD dimer is oriented perpendicularly to the NBDs and its putative ligand-binding sites face the transporter to likely modulate ATPase activity upon O antigen binding. Further, our structure reveals a closed WzmWzt conformation in which an aromatic belt near the periplasmic channel exit seals the transporter in a resting, ATP-bound state. The sealed transmembrane channel is asymmetric, with one open and one closed cytosolic and periplasmic portal. The structure provides important insights into O antigen recruitment to and translocation by WzmWzt and related ABC transporters.
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Isa khan M, Nawaz M, Bilal Tahir M, Iqbal T, Pervaiz M, Rafique M, Aziz F, Younas U, Alrobei H. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of NiO NPs against pathogen. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Choi E, Jeon H, Oh C, Hwang J. Elucidation of a Novel Role of YebC in Surface Polysaccharides Regulation of Escherichia coli bipA-Deletion. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:597515. [PMID: 33240252 PMCID: PMC7682190 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The BipA (BPI-inducible protein A) protein is ubiquitously conserved in various bacterial species and belongs to the translational GTPase family. Interestingly, the function of Escherichia coli BipA is not essential for cell growth under normal growth conditions. However, cultivation of bipA-deleted cells at 20°C leads to cold-sensitive growth defect and several phenotypic changes in ribosome assembly, capsule production, and motility, suggesting its global regulatory roles. Previously, our genomic library screening revealed that the overexpressed ribosomal protein (r-protein) L20 partially suppressed cold-sensitive growth defect by resolving the ribosomal abnormality in bipA-deleted cells at low temperature. Here, we explored another genomic library clone containing yebC, which encodes a predicted transcriptional factor that is not directly associated with ribosome biogenesis. Interestingly, overexpression of yebC in bipA-deleted cells diminished capsule synthesis and partially restored lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core maturation at a low temperature without resolving defects in ribosome assembly or motility, indicating that YebC may be specifically involved in the regulation of exopolysaccharide and LPS core synthesis. In this study, we collectively investigated the impacts of bipA-deletion on E. coli capsule, LPS, biofilm formation, and motility and revealed novel roles of YebC in extracellular polysaccharide production and LPS core synthesis at low temperature using this mutant strain. Furthermore, our findings suggest that ribosomal defects as well as increased capsule synthesis, and changes in LPS composition may contribute independently to the cold-sensitivity of bipA-deleted cells, implying multiple regulatory roles of BipA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsil Choi
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyerin Jeon
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Changmin Oh
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jihwan Hwang
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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