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Wang J, He M, Yang M, Ai X. Gut microbiota as a key regulator of intestinal mucosal immunity. Life Sci 2024; 345:122612. [PMID: 38588949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex microbial community with the ability of maintaining intestinal health. Intestinal homeostasis largely depends on the mucosal immune system to defense external pathogens and promote tissue repair. In recent years, growing evidence revealed the importance of gut microbiota in shaping intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, according to the existing findings, this review first provided an overview of intestinal mucosal immune system before summarizing the regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, this review delved into the gut microbial interactions with the cells such as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in innate immunity, and T and B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this review discussed the main effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis in intestinal diseases and offered future research prospects. The review highlighted the key regulatory roles of gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal immunity via various host-microbe interactions, providing valuable references for the development of microbial therapy in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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Krekhno Z, Woodward SE, Serapio-Palacios A, Peña-Díaz J, Moon KM, Foster LJ, Finlay BB. Citrobacter rodentium possesses a functional type II secretion system necessary for successful host infection. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2308049. [PMID: 38299318 PMCID: PMC10841016 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2308049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diarrheal diseases are the third leading cause of mortality in young children, many of which are driven by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. To establish successful host infections these pathogens employ a plethora of virulence factors necessary to compete with the resident microbiota, and evade and subvert the host defenses. The type II secretion system (T2SS) is one such conserved molecular machine that allows for the delivery of effector proteins into the extracellular milieu. To explore the role of the T2SS during natural host infection, we used Citrobacter rodentium, a murine enteric pathogen, as a model of human intestinal disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli such as Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC and EHEC). In this study, we determined that the C. rodentium genome encodes one T2SS and 22 potential T2SS-secreted protein effectors, as predicted via sequence homology. We demonstrated that this system was functional in vitro, identifying a role in intestinal mucin degradation allowing for its utilization as a carbon source, and promoting C. rodentium attachment to a mucus-producing colon cell line. During host infection, loss of the T2SS or associated effectors led to a significant colonization defect and lack of systemic spread. In mice susceptible to lethal infection, T2SS-deficient C. rodentium was strongly attenuated, resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality in infected hosts. Together these data highlight the important role of the T2SS and its effector repertoire during C. rodentium pathogenesis, aiding in successful host mucosal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Krekhno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - SE Woodward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Serapio-Palacios
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Peña-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - KM Moon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - LJ Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - BB Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Chen F, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu Z, Lv J, Leng Y. The emerging role of neutrophilic extracellular traps in intestinal disease. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35733158 PMCID: PMC9214684 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular reticular fibrillar structures composed of DNA, histones, granulins and cytoplasmic proteins that are delivered externally by neutrophils in response to stimulation with various types of microorganisms, cytokines and host molecules, etc. NET formation has been extensively demonstrated to trap, immobilize, inactivate and kill invading microorganisms and acts as a form of innate response against pathogenic invasion. However, NETs are a double-edged sword. In the event of imbalance between NET formation and clearance, excessive NETs not only directly inflict tissue lesions, but also recruit pro-inflammatory cells or proteins that promote the release of inflammatory factors and magnify the inflammatory response further, driving the progression of many human diseases. The deleterious effects of excessive release of NETs on gut diseases are particularly crucial as NETs are more likely to be disrupted by neutrophils infiltrating the intestinal epithelium during intestinal disorders, leading to intestinal injury, and in addition, NETs and their relevant molecules are capable of directly triggering the death of intestinal epithelial cells. Within this context, a large number of NETs have been reported in several intestinal diseases, including intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and colorectal cancer. Therefore, the formation of NET would have to be strictly monitored to prevent their mediated tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the formation mechanisms of NETs and their pathophysiological roles in a variety of intestinal diseases, with the aim of providing an essential directional guidance and theoretical basis for clinical interventions in the exploration of mechanisms underlying NETs and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Rosales C. Neutrophils vs. amoebas: Immunity against the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1241-1252. [PMID: 34085314 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0521-849rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite with high prevalence in developing countries, and causes amoebiasis. This disease affects the intestine and the liver, and is the third leading cause of human deaths among parasite infections. E. histolytica infection of the intestine or liver is associated with a strong inflammation characterized by a large number of infiltrating neutrophils. Consequently, several reports suggest that neutrophils play a protective role in amoebiasis. However, other reports indicate that amoebas making direct contact with neutrophils provoke lysis of these leukocytes, resulting in the release of their lytic enzymes, which in turn provoke tissue damage. Therefore, the role of neutrophils in this parasitic infection remains controversial. Neutrophils migrate from the circulation to sites of infection, where they display several antimicrobial functions, including phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Recently, it was found that E. histolytica trophozoites are capable of inducing NET formation. Neutrophils in touch with amoebas launched NET in an explosive manner around the amoebas and completely covered them in nebulous DNA and cell aggregates where parasites got immobilized and killed. In addition, the phenotype of neutrophils can be modified by the microbiome resulting in protection against amoebas. This review describes the mechanisms of E. histolytica infection and discusses the novel view of how neutrophils are involved in innate immunity defense against amoebiasis. Also, the mechanisms on how the microbiome modulates neutrophil function are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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CD101 as an indicator molecule for pathological changes at the interface of host-microbiota interactions. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151497. [PMID: 33773220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota signal to local and distant tissues in the body. Thus, they also regulate biochemical, metabolic and immunological processes in the gut and in the pancreas. Vice versa, eating habits or the immune system of the host shape the intraluminal microbiota. Disruptions of these versatile host-microbiota interactions underlie the pathogenesis of complex immune-mediated disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or type 1 diabetes (T1D). Consequently, dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability associated with both disorders change the biology of underlying tissues, as evidenced, for example, by an altered expression of surface markers such as CD101 on immune cells located at these dynamic host-microbiota interfaces. CD101, a heavily glycosylated member of the immunoglobulin superfamiliy, is predominantly detected on myeloid cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the gut. The expression of CD101 on both myeloid cells and T lymphocytes protects from experimental enterocolitis and T1D. The improved outcome of both diseases is associated with an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and a reduced expansion of T cells. However, distinct bacteria suppress the expression of CD101 on myeloid cells, similar as does inflammation on T cells. Thus, the reduced CD101 expression in T1D and IBD patients might be a consequence of an altered composition of the intestinal microbiota, enhanced bacterial translocation and a subsequent primining of local and systemic inflammatory immune responses.
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Quin C, Ghosh S, Dai C, Barnett JA, Garner AM, Yoo RKH, Zandberg WF, Botta A, Gorzelak MA, Gibson DL. Maternal Intake of Dietary Fat Pre-Programs Offspring's Gut Ecosystem Altering Colonization Resistance and Immunity to Infectious Colitis in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000635. [PMID: 33559319 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The transgenerational impact of dietary fat remains unclear. Here, the role of maternal fat consumption as a modulator of gut microbial communities and infectious disease outcomes in their offspring is explored. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed isocaloric high-fat diets throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. Diets contained either milk fat (MF), olive oil (OO) or corn oil (CO), with or without fish oil. The pups born to maternally exposed mice are weaned on to chow and raised into adulthood. At 8 weeks, the offsprings are either euthanized for colonic 16S rRNA analysis or challenged with the enteric pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Maternal CO exposure resulted in unique clustering of bacterial communities in offspring compared with MF and OO. Diets rich in CO reduced survival in offspring challenged with C. rodentium. The addition of fish oil did not improve mortality caused by CO and worsened disease outcomes when combined with OO. Unlike the unsaturated diets, MF is protective with and without fish oil. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data reveal that maternal intake of fatty acids do have transgenerational impacts on their offspring's bacteriome and enteric infection risk. Based on this study, saturated fats should be included in maternal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chuanbin Dai
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander M Garner
- Department of Chemistry Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachael K H Yoo
- Department of Chemistry Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monika A Gorzelak
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Holani R, Babbar A, Blyth GAD, Lopes F, Jijon H, McKay DM, Hollenberg MD, Cobo ER. Cathelicidin-mediated lipopolysaccharide signaling via intracellular TLR4 in colonic epithelial cells evokes CXCL8 production. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1785802. [PMID: 32658599 PMCID: PMC7524372 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1785802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin has a physiological role in regulating gut inflammatory homeostasis. We determined that cathelicidin synergizes with LPS to facilitate its internalization and signaling via endosomic TLR4 in colonic epithelium, evoking synthesis of the human neutrophil chemoattractant, CXCL8 (or murine homolog, CXCL1). Interaction of cathelicidin with LPS in the control of CXCL8/CXCL1 synthesis was assessed in human colon epithelial cells, murine colonoids and cathelicidin-null mice (Camp-/- ). Mechanistically, human cathelicidin (LL-37), as an extracellular complex with LPS, interacted with lipid raft-associated GM1 gangliosides to internalize and activate intracellular TLR4. Two signaling pathways converged on CXCL8/CXCL1 production: (1) a p38MAPK-dependent pathway regulated by Src-EGFR kinases; and, (2) a p38MAPK-independent, NF-κB-dependent pathway, regulated by MEK1/2-MAPK. Increased cathelicidin-dependent CXCL8 secretion in the colonic mucosa activated human blood-derived neutrophils. These cathelicidin effects occurred in vitro at concentrations well below those needed for microbicidal function. The important immunomodulatory role of cathelicidins was evident in cathelicidin-null/Camp-/- mice, which had diminished colonic CXCL1 secretion, decreased neutrophil recruitment-activation and reduced bacterial clearance when challenged with the colitis-inducing murine pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. We conclude that in addition to its known microbicidal action, cathelicidin has a unique pathogen-sensing role, facilitating LPS-mediated intestinal responses, including the production of CXCL8/CXCL1 that would contribute to an integrated tissue response to recruit neutrophils during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Holani
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anshu Babbar
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Graham A. D. Blyth
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Humberto Jijon
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Eduardo R. Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada,CONTACT Eduardo R. Cobo Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, ABT2N 4N1, Canada
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8
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The link “Cancer and autoimmune diseases” in the light of microbiota: Evidence of a potential culprit. Immunol Lett 2020; 222:12-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Määttänen P, Lurz E, Botts SR, Wu RY, Robinson SC, Yeung CW, Colas R, Li B, Johnson-Henry KC, Surette ME, Dalli J, Sherman PM. Plant- and Fish-Derived n-3 PUFAs Suppress Citrobacter Rodentium-Induced Colonic Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900873. [PMID: 31945799 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs may ameliorate inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Plant-derived n-3 PUFAs are thought to be inferior owing to shorter chain lengths. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of plant- and fish-derived PUFAs on murine colitis. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed high fat (36% kcal) diets with either 2.5% w/w sunflower oil (SO), flaxseed oil (FSO), ahiflower oil (AO), or fish oil (FO). After 4 weeks, mice are orogastrically challenged with Citrobacter rodentium (108 CFU) or sham gavaged. Fecal shedding is assayed at 2, 7, 10, and 14 days post infection (PI), and fecal microbiota at 14 days PI. Colonic inflammation and lipid mediators are measured. Supplementation regulates intestinal inflammation with crypt lengths being 66, 73, and 62 ±17 µm shorter (compared to SO) for FSO, AO, and FO respectively, p < 0.01. FSO blunts pathogen shedding at the peak of infection and FSO and AO both enhance fecal microbial diversity. FO attenuates levels of lipoxin and leukotriene B4 while plant oils increase pro-resolving mediator concentrations including D, E, and T-series resolvins. CONCLUSION Plant and fish n-3 PUFAs attenuate colitis-induced inflammation while exhibiting characteristic pro-resolving lipid mediator metabolomes. Plant oils additionally promote microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Määttänen
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Biology Department, Burman University, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 2E5, Canada
| | - Eberhard Lurz
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University LMU, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Steven R Botts
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Richard Y Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Shaiya C Robinson
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - C William Yeung
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Romain Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kathene C Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
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10
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Pomegranate peel extract reduced colonic damage and bacterial translocation in a mouse model of infectious colitis induced by Citrobacter rodentium. Nutr Res 2019; 73:27-37. [PMID: 31841745 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pomegranate fruit peel is a rich source of polyphenols including punicalins, punicalagins, and ellagic acids, but is considered an agricultural waste product. Pomegranate derived products have been reported to have a wide variety of health promoting benefits including antibacterial properties in vitro but there is limited evidence of their antibacterial properties in vivo. The purpose of this study was to test the in vivo antibacterial properties of a pomegranate peel extract (PPX) containing punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid. C3H/He mice were orally pre-treated with water or PPX prior to infection with the mouse bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) that mimics many aspects of human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections. Fecal excretion of Cr was monitored and mice were euthanized on day 12 post-infection to assess Cr colonization of the colon and spleen, histological changes, and gene expression. PPX-treatment reduced Cr infection induced weight loss and mortality that was observed in water-treated infected mice. However, Cr colonization of the colon and clearance was unaffected by PPX-treatment. Consistent with this, PPX treatment did not alter the potent Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory response elicited by Cr infection. Significant colonization of the spleen was only seen in water-treated infected mice and was inversely correlated with the dose of PPX administered. PPX treatment decreased the extent of Cr-induced colon damage that correlated with decreased mortality and reduced colonization of the spleen. Thus, a pomegranate peel extract contains bioactive compounds that mitigate the deleterious effects of an in vivo infection with the model enteropathogenic bacteria, Cr.
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George NS, Cheung L, Luthria DL, Santin M, Dawson HD, Bhagwat AA, Smith AD. Pomegranate peel extract alters the microbiome in mice and dysbiosis caused by Citrobacter rodentium infection. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2565-2576. [PMID: 31428344 PMCID: PMC6694437 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of mice with a pomegranate peel extract (PPX) decreased the pathogenicity of Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) infections. Here, we investigate the effects of PPX on the microbiome of uninfected or Cr-infected C3H/HeNCr mice by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mice were treated with water or PPX for 14 days, feces were collected, and then, the mice were infected with Cr and feces collected again at day 6 postinfection. DNA was isolated from the fecal samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the microbial composition. Differences in the composition of the microbiome were observed for untreated and PPX-treated mice with PPX mice having decreased diversity. PPX treatment decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio by increasing Bacteroidetes and decreasing Firmicutes levels. The decrease in Firmicutes was driven by a large reduction in Lactobacillus. PPX treatment increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae and decreased Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Cr reached 22% in water-treated but only 5% in PPX-treated infected mice. These results suggest that consumption of pomegranate polyphenols altered the microbiome, making it more resistant to displacement by infection with Cr, indicating that pomegranate polyphenols may mitigate the pathogenic effects of food-borne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja S. George
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet Genomics and Immunology LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Devanand L. Luthria
- Composition Methods Development LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Harry D. Dawson
- Diet Genomics and Immunology LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
| | - Arvind A. Bhagwat
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety LabBeltsville Agricultural Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
- Present address:
Central Chinmaya Mission TrustPowaiMumbaiIndia
| | - Allen D. Smith
- Diet Genomics and Immunology LabBeltsville Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research Service, Department of AgricultureBeltsvilleMaryland
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12
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Watson VE, Jacob ME, Bruno-Bárcena JM, Amirsultan S, Stauffer SH, Píqueras VO, Frias R, Gookin JL. Influence of the intestinal microbiota on disease susceptibility in kittens with experimentally-induced carriage of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:197-206. [PMID: 30955810 PMCID: PMC6532395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) carries the highest hazard of death in children with diarrhea and atypical EPEC (aEPEC) was recently identified as significantly associated with diarrheal mortality in kittens. In both children and kittens there is a significant association between aEPEC burden and diarrheal disease, however the infection can be found in individuals with and without diarrhea. It remains unclear to what extent, under what conditions, or by what mechanisms aEPEC serves as a primary pathogen in individuals with diarrhea. It seems likely that a combination of host and bacterial factors enable aEPEC to cause disease in some individuals and not in others. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of aEPEC on intestinal function and diarrhea in kittens following experimentally-induced carriage and the influence of a disrupted intestinal microbiota on disease susceptibility. Results of this study identify aEPEC as a potential pathogen in kittens. In the absence of disruption to the intestinal microbiota, kittens are resistant to clinical signs of aEPEC carriage but demonstrate significant occult changes in intestinal absorption and permeability. Antibiotic-induced disruption of the intestinal microbiota prior to infection increases subsequent intestinal water loss as determined by % fecal wet weight. Enrichment of the intestinal microbiota with a commensal member of the feline mucosa-associated microbiota, Enterococcus hirae, ameliorated the effects of aEPEC experimental infection on intestinal function and water loss. These observations begin to unravel the mechanisms by which aEPEC infection may be able to exploit susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - José M Bruno-Bárcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Frias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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13
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du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:1-18. [PMID: 30219863 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marines du Teil Espina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Wu RY, Li B, Koike Y, Määttänen P, Miyake H, Cadete M, Johnson-Henry KC, Botts SR, Lee C, Abrahamsson TR, Landberg E, Pierro A, Sherman PM. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Increase Mucin Expression in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800658. [PMID: 30407734 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and death in preterm infants, occurring more often in formula-fed than breastfed infants. Studies in both rats and humans show that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) lower the incidence of NEC, but the mechanism underlying such protection is currently unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS By extracting HMOs from pooled human breastmilk, the impact of HMOs on the intestinal mucin levels in a murine model of NEC are investigated. To confirm the results, the findings are validated by exposing human intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal organoids to HMOs and evaluated for mucin expression. HMO-gavage to pups increases Muc2 levels and decreases intestinal permeability to macromolecular dextran. HMO-treated cells have increased Muc2 expression, decreased bacterial attachment and dextran permeability during challenge by enteric pathogens. To identify the mediators involved in HMO induction of mucins, it is demonstrated that HMOs directly induce the expression of chaperone proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Suppression of PDI activity removes the protective effects of HMOs on barrier function in vitro as well as NEC protection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results provide insights to the possible mechanisms by which HMOs protect the neonatal intestine through upregulation of mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard You Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pekka Määttänen
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marissa Cadete
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathene C Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven R Botts
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas R Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Landberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Määttänen P, Lurz E, Botts SR, Wu RY, Yeung CW, Li B, Abiff S, Johnson-Henry KC, Lepp D, Power KA, Pierro A, Surette ME, Sherman PM. Ground flaxseed reverses protection of a reduced-fat diet against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G788-G798. [PMID: 30095298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00101.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed is high in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and lignans known to lower cholesterol levels. However, its use for prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases has yielded mixed results, perhaps related to dietary interactions. In this study, we evaluated the impact of ground flaxseed supplementation on the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in the setting of either a high-fat (HF, ~36%kcal) or reduced-fat (RF, ~12%kcal) diet. After weaning, C57BL/6 mice ( n = 8-15/treatment) were fed ground flaxseed (7 g/100 g diet) with either HF (HF Flx) or RF (RF Flx) diets for 4 wk before infection with C. rodentium or sham gavage. Weight changes, mucosal inflammation, pathogen burden, gut microbiota composition, tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cecal short-chain fatty acids were compared over a 14-day infection period. The RF diet protected against C. rodentium-induced colitis, whereas the RF Flx diet increased pathogen burden, exacerbated gut inflammation, and promoted gut dysbiosis. When compared with the RF diet, both HF and HF Flx diets resulted in more severe pathology in response to C. rodentium infection. Our findings demonstrate that although an RF diet protected against C. rodentium-induced colitis and associated gut dysbiosis in mice, beneficial effects were diminished with ground flaxseed supplementation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results demonstrate a strong protective effect of a reduced-fat diet against intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, and pathogen burden during Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. However, ground flaxseed supplementation in the setting of a reduced-fat diet exacerbated colitis despite higher levels of intestinal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cecal short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Määttänen
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Eberhard Lurz
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Steven R Botts
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Richard Y Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - C William Yeung
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Sumayyah Abiff
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Kathene C Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Government of Canada , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton , Moncton, New Brunswick , Canada
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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16
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Li B, Selmi C, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Ma X. The microbiome and autoimmunity: a paradigm from the gut-liver axis. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:595-609. [PMID: 29706647 PMCID: PMC6079090 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells significantly outnumber human cells in the body, and the microbial flora at mucosal sites are shaped by environmental factors and, less intuitively, act on host immune responses, as demonstrated by experimental data in germ-free and gnotobiotic studies. Our understanding of this link stems from the established connection between infectious bacteria and immune tolerance breakdown, as observed in rheumatic fever triggered by Streptococci via molecular mimicry, epitope spread and bystander effects. The availability of high-throughput techniques has significantly advanced our capacity to sequence the microbiome and demonstrated variable degrees of dysbiosis in numerous autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune liver disease. It remains unknown whether the observed differences are related to the disease pathogenesis or follow the therapeutic and inflammatory changes and are thus mere epiphenomena. In fact, there are only limited data on the molecular mechanisms linking the microbiota to autoimmunity, and microbial therapeutics is being investigated to prevent or halt autoimmune diseases. As a putative mechanism, it is of particular interest that the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in response to microbial stimuli enables the presentation of self-antigens, giving rise to the differentiation of autoreactive Th17 cells and other T helper cells. This comprehensive review will illustrate the data demonstrating the crosstalk between intestinal microbiome and host innate and adaptive immunity, with an emphasis on how dysbiosis may influence systemic autoimmunity. In particular, a gut–liver axis involving the intestinal microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity is elucidated as a paradigm, considering its anatomic and physiological connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - M E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 200001, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Martín R, Chain F, Miquel S, Motta JP, Vergnolle N, Sokol H, Langella P. Using murine colitis models to analyze probiotics-host interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:S49-S70. [PMID: 28830096 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host'. So, to consider a microorganism as a probiotic, a demonstrable beneficial effect on the health host should be shown as well as an adequate defined safety status and the capacity to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and to storage conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the murine colitis models currently employed to test the beneficial effect of the probiotic strains as well as an overview of the probiotics already tested. Our aim is to highlight both the importance of the adequate selection of the animal model to test the potential probiotic strains and of the value of the knowledge generated by these in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Science, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, AB T3E 4N1, Canada.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne University - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75252 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Equipe de Recherche Labélisée (ERL) 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, 75012 Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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18
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Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:206-221. [PMID: 29382950 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have an important role during infection by helping neutrophils to capture and kill pathogens. However, evidence is accumulating that uncontrolled or excessive production of NETs is related to the exacerbation of inflammation and the development of autoimmunity, cancer metastasis and inappropriate thrombosis. In this Review, we focus on the role of NETs in the liver and gastrointestinal system, outlining their protective and pathological effects. The latest mechanistic insights in NET formation, interactions between microorganisms and NETs and the relationship between neutrophil subtypes and their functions are also discussed. Additionally, we describe the potential importance of NET-related molecules, including cell-free DNA and hypercitrullinated histones, as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal diseases.
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19
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Clavel T, Neto JCG, Lagkouvardos I, Ramer-Tait AE. Deciphering interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system via microbial cultivation and minimal microbiomes. Immunol Rev 2017; 279:8-22. [PMID: 28856739 PMCID: PMC5657458 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The community of microorganisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, referred to as the gut microbiota, influences host physiology and immunity. The last decade of microbiome research has provided significant advancements for the field and highlighted the importance of gut microbes to states of both health and disease. Novel molecular techniques have unraveled the tremendous diversity of intestinal symbionts that potentially influence the host, many proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated causative roles of gut microbial communities in various pathologies, and microbiome-based approaches are beginning to be implemented in the clinic for diagnostic purposes or for personalized treatments. However, several challenges for the field remain: purely descriptive reports outnumbering mechanistic studies and slow translation of experimental results obtained in animal models into the clinics. Moreover, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding how gut microbes, including novel species that have yet to be identified, impact host immune responses. The sheer complexity of the gut microbial ecosystem makes it difficult, in part, to fully understand the microbiota-host networks that regulate immunity. In the present manuscript, we review key findings on the interactions between gut microbiota members and the immune system. Because culturing microbes allows performing functional studies, we have emphasized the impact of specific taxa or communities thereof. We also highlight underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss opportunities to implement minimal microbiome-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clavel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - João Carlos Gomes Neto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Microbiome/NGS, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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20
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Suo C, Fan Z, Zhou L, Qiu J. Perfluorooctane sulfonate affects intestinal immunity against bacterial infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5166. [PMID: 28701769 PMCID: PMC5507904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an environmental contaminant that has been manufactured to be used as surfactants and repellents in industry. Due to long half-life for clearance and degradation, PFOS is accumulative in human body and has potential threat to human health. Previous studies have shown the development and function of immune cells can be affected by PFOS. Although PFOS has a high chance of being absorbed through the oral route, whether and how PFOS affects immune cells in the gut is unknown. Using mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium infection, we investigated the role of PFOS on intestinal immunity. We found at early phase of the infection, PFOS inhibited the expansion of the pathogen by promoting IL-22 production from the group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent manner. Nevertheless, persistent PFOS treatment in mice finally led to a failure to clear the pathogen completely. At late phase of infection, enhanced bacterial counts in PFOS treated mice were accompanied by increased inflammatory cytokines, reduced mucin production and dysbiosis, featured by decreased level of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus johnsonii and increased E. coli. Our study reveals a deleterious consequence in intestinal bacterial infection caused by PFOS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Suo
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiqin Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ju Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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21
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Lewis BB, Pamer EG. Microbiota-Based Therapies for Clostridium difficile and Antibiotic-Resistant Enteric Infections. Annu Rev Microbiol 2017; 71:157-178. [PMID: 28617651 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are increasingly antibiotic resistant, and development of clinically effective antibiotics is lagging. Curing infections increasingly requires antimicrobials that are broader spectrum, more toxic, and more expensive, and mortality attributable to antibiotic-resistant pathogens is rising. The commensal microbiota, comprising microbes that colonize the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, can provide high levels of resistance to infection, and the contributions of specific bacterial species to resistance are being discovered and characterized. Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of colonization resistance and pathogen clearance include bactericidal activity, nutrient depletion, immune activation, and manipulation of the gut's chemical environment. Current research is focusing on development of microbiota-based therapies to reduce intestinal colonization with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, with the goal of reducing pathogen transmission and systemic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B Lewis
- Infectious Diseases Service, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; ,
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Infectious Diseases Service, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065; ,
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22
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Haileselassie Y, Navis M, Vu N, Qazi KR, Rethi B, Sverremark-Ekström E. Lactobacillus reuteri and Staphylococcus aureus differentially influence the generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and subsequent autologous T cell responses. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:315-26. [PMID: 27621814 PMCID: PMC5004286 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In early‐life, the immature mucosal barrier allows contact between the gut microbiota and the developing immune system. Due to their strategic location and their ability to sample luminal antigen, dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in the interaction of microbes and immune cells in the gut. Here, we investigated how two bacteria associated with opposite immune profiles in children, that is, Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, influenced the differentiation of monocytes in vitro as well how the generated DC impacted T cell responses. Methods We exposed monocyte cultures to cell‐free supernatants (CFS) from these bacteria during their differentiation to DC. Results The presence of L. reuteri‐CFS during DC differentiation resulted in DC with a more mature phenotype, in terms of up‐regulated surface markers (HLA‐DR, CD86, CD83, CCR7) and enhanced cytokine production (IL6, IL10, and IL23), but had a reduced phagocytic capacity compared with non‐treated monocyte‐derived DC (Mo‐DC). However, upon LPS activation, L. reuteri‐CFS‐generated DC displayed a more regulated phenotype than control Mo‐DC with notable reduction of cytokine responses both at mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, S. aureus‐CFS‐generated DC were more similar to control Mo‐DC both without and after LPS stimulation, but they were still able to induce responses in autologous T cells, in the absence of further T cell stimulation. Conclusions We show that bacterial signals during DC differentiation have a profound impact on DC function and possibly also for shaping the T cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marit Navis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nam Vu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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The prebiotic concept and human health: a changing landscape with riboflavin as a novel prebiotic candidate? Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1348-1353. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Toivonen R, Kong L, Rasool O, Lund RJ, Lahesmaa R, Hänninen A. Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Colon-Draining Lymph Nodes duringCitrobacter rodentiumInfection Involves Pathogen-Sensing and Inflammatory Pathways Distinct from Conventional Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4750-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli Exacerbates Antibiotic-associated Intestinal Dysbiosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Activation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:42-54. [PMID: 26398709 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-associated disruption of the gut microbiota is a known risk factor for Crohn's disease. This chronic inflammatory disorder results from aberrant host immune responses to subsets of the gut microbiota, and is characterized by intense neutrophil recruitment to the lamina propria, surface and crypt epithelium. Importantly, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is abundant in ileal biopsies, highlighting a possible etiological role. In this study, we investigated the impact of antibiotics and AIEC challenge on murine intestinal dysbiosis and neutrophil extracellular trap activation, which is a critical component of the neutrophil antimicrobial repertoire. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were administered vancomycin and gentamicin (once daily, 3 days), and subsequently challenged with AIEC strain LF82 (once daily, 2 days). Perturbation of the gut microbiota was monitored using a combination of molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The impact of commensal and dysbiotic gut bacterial communities on neutrophil extracellular trap mobilization and intestinal redox balance was also quantified. RESULTS Exposure of neutrophils to murine commensal gut microbial communities activated neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The capacity of neutrophils to cast these web-like structures was exacerbated following antibiotic and AIEC-associated intestinal dysbiosis, highlighting the possible overgrowth of immune-activating intestinal pathobionts. Intestinal dysbiosis was associated with an elevated capacity of the cultivated gut bacteria to produce reactive oxygen species in vitro, and increased colonic oxidative stress in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data provide new insights into the detrimental effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota, with clinically relevant implications for intestinal dysbiosis on neutrophil function and intestinal redox balance.
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