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Salazar FC, Martinez MS, Paira DA, Chocobar YA, Olivera C, Godoy GJ, Acosta-Rodriguez EV, Rivero VE, Motrich RD. CD8 T cells are dispensable for experimental autoimmune prostatitis induction and chronic pelvic pain development. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387142. [PMID: 38807587 PMCID: PMC11130463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome or Chronic Prostatitis (CPPS/CP) is the most prevalent urologic affliction among young adult men. It is a challenging condition to treat, which significantly decreases patient quality of life, mostly because of its still uncertain aetiology. In that regard, an autoimmune origin is a prominent supported theory. Indeed, studies in patients and in rodent models of Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP) have provided compelling evidence suggesting a key role of CD4 Th1 cells in disease pathogenesis. However, the implication of other prominent effectors of the immune system, such as CD8 T cells, has yet to be studied. Methods We herein analyzed the induction of prostatitis and the development of chronic pelvic pain in EAP using CD8 T cell-deficient animals. Results We found similarly elevated PA-specific immune responses, with high frequencies of specific IFNg+CD4+ and IL17+CD4+ T cells in prostate draining lymph nodes from PA-immunized either CD8 KO or wild type animals with respect to controls. Moreover, these peripheral immune responses were paralleled by the development of significant chronic pelvic pain, and accompanied by prostate histological lesions, characterized by hemorrhage, epithelial cell desquamation, marked periglandular leukocyte infiltration, and increased collagen deposition in both, PA-immunized CD8 KO and wild type animals. As expected, control animals did not develop prostate histological lesions. Discussion Our results indicate that CD8 T cells do not play a major role in EAP pathogenesis and chronic pelvic pain development. Moreover, our results corroborate the previous notion that a CD4 Th1 associated immune response drives the induction of prostate tissue inflammation and the development of chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia C. Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Maria S. Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunologia Clinica de Cordoba (CICC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Paira
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunologia Clinica de Cordoba (CICC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Yair A. Chocobar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunologia Clinica de Cordoba (CICC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Olivera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunologia Clinica de Cordoba (CICC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria J. Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E. Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunologia Clinica de Cordoba (CICC), Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Ruben D. Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquimica Clinica e Inmunologia (CIBICI)-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) Center of Excellence Centro de Inmunologia Clinica de Cordoba (CICC), Cordoba, Argentina
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Niu D, Yue SY, Wang X, Li WY, Zhang L, Du HX, Liang CZ. High glucose intake exacerbates experimental autoimmune prostatitis through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-dependent TGF-β activation-mediated Th17 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111682. [PMID: 38394885 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common inflammatory immune disease of the urogenital system. High glucose intake is considered to be a potential promoter of autoimmune diseases. However, the influence of high glucose intake on CP/CPPS is unknown. This research aimed to explore the influences of high glucose intake on experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP), a valid animal model of CP/CPPS, and the underlying mechanism. NOD mice received 20% glucose water or normal water treatment during EAP induction. EAP severity and Th17 cell responses were evaluated. Then, we explored the effects of an IL-17A neutralizing antibody, an inhibitor of TGF-β, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor NAC, and the mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) antioxidant MitoQ on glucose-fed EAP mice. The results demonstrated that high glucose intake aggravated EAP severity and promoted Th17 cell generation, which could be ameliorated by the neutralization of IL-17A. In vitro experiments showed that high dextrose concentrations promoted Th17 cell differentiation through mtROS-dependent TGF-β activation. Treatment with TGF-β blockade, NAC, or MitoQ suppressed Th17 cell generation both in vivo and in vitro, resulting in the amelioration of EAP manifestations caused by high glucose intake. This study revealed that high glucose intake exacerbates EAP through mtROS-dependent TGF-β activation-mediated Th17 differentiation. Our results may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of an environmental factor, such as high glucose intake, on CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Niu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shao-Yu Yue
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wei-Yi Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - He-Xi Du
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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Pavlova I, Ruda-Kucerova J. Brain metabolic derangements examined using 1H MRS and their (in)consistency among different rodent models of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110808. [PMID: 37301420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is underlined by neurochemical changes in the brain. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is a useful tool for their examination as it provides information about the levels of metabolites. This review summarises the current knowledge of 1H MRS findings from rodent models of MDD, assesses the results from both a biological and a technical perspective, and identifies the main sources of bias. From a technical point of view, bias-introducing factors are the diversity of the measured volumes and their positioning in the brain, the data processing, and the metabolite concentration expression. The biological variables are strain, sex, and species, as well as the model itself, and in vivo vs. ex vivo exploration. This review identified some consistency in the 1H MRS findings in the models of MDD: lower levels of glutamine, glutamate + glutamine, and higher levels of myo-inositol and taurine in most of the brain regions of MDD models. This may suggest changes in regional metabolism, neuronal dysregulation, inflammation, and a compensatory effect reaction in the MDD rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Pavlova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhang J, Chen J, Jiang Q, Feng R, Zhao X, Li H, Yang C, Hua X. Resolvin D1 Attenuates Inflammation and Pelvic Pain Associated with EAP by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3365-3379. [PMID: 37576154 PMCID: PMC10422977 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s408111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a member of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators family, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect and alleviates tissue damage. The purpose of the current research was to study the effect of RvD1 on CP/CPPS and the underlying mechanisms using a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice. Materials and Methods The EAP mouse model was successfully established, and was used to test the therapeutic effect of RvD1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and dihydroethidium staining were used to evaluate the histological changes and oxidative stress levels of prostate tissues. Chronic pelvic pain was assessed by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen. The superoxide dismutase enzyme and malondialdehyde levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of inflammation-related cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Results RvD1 treatment ameliorated prostatic inflammation and the pelvic pain of EAP mice. RvD1 treatment could inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress. RvD1 treatment could activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in mice with EAP. Blockade of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling abolished the RvD1-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the anti-inflammatory effect of RvD1 in EAP. Conclusion RvD1 treatment can reduce inflammatory cell infiltration in prostate tissue and attenuate pelvic pain associated with EAP by inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These results provide new insights that RvD1 has the potential as an effective agent in the treatment of EAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, the College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Hua
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Hu R, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu S, Zhou Z, Zhang D, Shen W. Glucocorticoid nanoformulations relieve chronic pelvic pain syndrome and may alleviate depression in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:198. [PMID: 37340409 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a typical symptom of chronic prostatitis (CP) in males that may cause abnormal urination, sexual dysfunction, or depression and significantly affect the quality of life of the patient. Currently, there is no effective treatment for CPPS due to its recurrence and intractability. For synergistic CPPS therapy, we developed pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive dexamethasone (Dex) nanoformulations using a ROS-responsive moiety and phytochemical modified α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) as the carrier. RESULTS Dex release from the nanoformulations can be controlled in acidic and/or ROS-rich microenvironments. The fabricated Dex nanoformulations can also be efficiently internalized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, prostatic epithelial cells, and stromal cells. Moreover, the levels of proinflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17 A) in these cells were significantly decreased by Dex nanoformulations treatment through the release of Dex, phytochemical and elimination of ROS. In vivo experiments demonstrated notable accumulation of the Dex nanoformulations in prostate tissue to alleviate the symptoms of CPPS through the downregulation of proinflammatory factors. Interestingly, depression in mice may be relieved due to alleviation of their pelvic pain. CONCLUSION We fabricated Dex nanoformulations for the effective management of CPPS and alleviation of depression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruimin Hu
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qianmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Senlin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhansong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Dinglin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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He H, Luo H, Xu H, Qian B, Zou X, Zhang G, Zeng F, Zou J. Preclinical models and evaluation criteria of prostatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183895. [PMID: 37228599 PMCID: PMC10203503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis is a common urological condition that affects almost half of all men at some point in their life. The prostate gland has a dense nerve supply that contributes to the production of fluid to nourish sperm and the mechanism to switch between urination and ejaculation. Prostatitis can cause frequent urination, pelvic pain, and even infertility. Long-term prostatitis increases the risk of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis presents a complex pathogenesis, which has challenged medical research. Experimental studies of prostatitis require appropriate preclinical models. This review aimed to summarize and compare preclinical models of prostatitis based on their methods, success rate, evaluation, and range of application. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of prostatitis and advance basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan He
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Hua X, Zhang J, Ge S, Liu H, Du H, Niu Q, Chen X, Yang C, Zhang L, Liang C. CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 ameliorates experimental autoimmune prostatitis by diminishing Th1 cell differentiation and inhibiting macrophage M1 phenotypic activation. Prostate 2022; 82:1223-1236. [PMID: 35700340 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is an inflammatory immune disease that is characterized by infiltrating inflammatory cells in the prostate and pelvic or by perineal pain. Receptor CXCR3modulates immune and inflammatory responses; however, the effects of CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 in the context of CP/CPPS are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of AMG487 in experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice and explored the potential functional mechanisms. METHODS The EAP model was induced by intradermally injecting a mixture of prostate antigens and complete Freund's adjuvant on Days 0 and 28. To evaluate the effect of AMG487 on EAP mice, treatment with AMG487 and vehicle solution was conducted for the indicated period. Then, procedures were performed, including behavioral test, to evaluate the pain response to stimulation before the mice were killed and a histological assessment to evaluate the inflammation after the mice were killed. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blot assay were used to analyze the functional phenotype and regulation mechanism of AMG487 on T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and macrophages. RESULTS We found high expression of CXCR3 in human benign prostate tissues with inflammation and EAP mice. The elevated CXCR3 in prostate tissues correlates with the severity of inflammation. CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 treatment ameliorated the inflammatory changes and the pelvic pain of EAP mice. AMG487 inhibits Th1 cell differentiation through the IL-12/STAT4pathway and inhibits pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages through the lipopolysaccharide/NF-κB p65signaling. AMG487 could inhibit the secretion of inflammatory mediators in EAP mice. CONCLUSION CXCR3 antagonist AMG487 could ameliorate the inflammatory changes and the pelvic pain of EAP mice by diminishing Th1 cell differentiation and inhibiting macrophage M1 phenotypic activation. Thus, the results imply that AMG487 has the potential as an effective therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of EAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengdong Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hexi Du
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingsong Niu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
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Hu H, Cui Y, Yang J, Cao Y. Loss of the Sympathetic Signal Produces Sterile Inflammation of the Prostate. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:855376. [PMID: 35620446 PMCID: PMC9127543 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.855376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural innervations exert essential roles in the prostate. However, spatial distribution and regulatory function of such neural inputs are incompletely characterized. Here, we exploited the advanced whole-tissue immunolabeling and optical clearing technique to assess the 3D anatomy of autonomic innervations in the mouse and human prostate for the first time. We observed that sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs in the mouse prostate remained unaffected during castration-induced tissue regression. However, the pharmacologic destruction of sympathetic innervations in the mouse prostate led to sterile inflammation of the tissue, mimicking the disease condition of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. Also, the genetic ablation of sympathetic inputs produced a similar inflammatory response. Furthermore, we showed that treatment of the specific β2-adrenergic receptor agonists could effectively mitigate the prostate inflammation caused by such sympathetic loss. Together, these results have elucidated the new immunomodulatory function of the sympathetic signal via the β2-adrenergic receptor in prostate inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Cui
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Cao,
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Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An Underrepresented Endpoint in Toxicology Research. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020089. [PMID: 35202275 PMCID: PMC8880407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is nearly ubiquitous in men of advancing age and exerts substantial physical, mental, social, and financial costs to society. While a large body of research is focused on the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease, little research has been dedicated to the influence of environmental chemicals on disease initiation, progression, or severity. Despite a few recent studies indicating a potential developmental origin of male LUTD linked to chemical exposures in the womb, it remains a grossly understudied endpoint in toxicology research. Therefore, we direct this review to toxicologists who are considering male LUTD as a new aspect of chemical toxicity studies. We focus on the LUTD disease process in men, as well as in the male mouse as a leading research model. To introduce the disease process, we describe the physiology of the male lower urinary tract and the cellular composition of lower urinary tract tissues. We discuss known and suspected mechanisms of male LUTD and examples of environmental chemicals acting through these mechanisms to contribute to LUTD. We also describe mouse models of LUTD and endpoints to diagnose, characterize, and quantify LUTD in men and mice.
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10
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Cyril AC, Jan RK, Radhakrishnan R. Pain in chronic prostatitis and the role of ion channels: a brief overview. Br J Pain 2022; 16:50-59. [PMID: 35111314 PMCID: PMC8801692 DOI: 10.1177/20494637211015265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatitis is the third most common urologic condition affecting more than half the male population at some point in their lives. There are different categories of prostatitis, of which approximately 90% of cases can be classified under the National Institute of Health (NIH) type III category (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)) with no causative agents identified. CP/CPPS is associated with several symptoms, of which the most prominent being chronic pain. Despite its high incidence, pain management in patients with CP/CPPS has been poor, possibly due to the lack of understanding of aetiological factors and mechanisms underlying pain development. METHODS An extensive literature search of published articles on the molecular mechanisms of pain in CP/CPPS was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov and https://scholar.google.com). The terms used for the search were: prostatitis, pain mechanism in CP/CPPS, prostatitis pain models, acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPVs), purinergic channels (P2X) in prostatitis pain mechanism and inflammatory mediators in CP/CPPS. The papers were identified based on the title and abstract, and after excluding the articles that did not emphasize the pain mechanism in CP/CPPS. Ninety-five articles (36 review and 59 original research papers) met our criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS A number of inflammatory mediator molecules and pain channels, including ASICs, transient receptor potential vanilloid channels (TRPVs) and P2Xs have been investigated for their role in prostatitis pain pathology using various animal models. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the pain mechanisms in CP/CPPS focusing on the inflammatory mediators, neurotransmitters, pain-transducing ion channels and small animal models developed for studying prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- Rajan Radhakrishnan, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 14, Dubai Healthcare City, P.O Box 505055, Dubai, UAE.
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11
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Pattabiraman G, Liu Z, Paul M, Schaeffer AJ, Thumbikat P. mMCP7, a Mouse Ortholog of δ Tryptase, Mediates Pelvic Tactile Allodynia in a Model of Chronic Pelvic Pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:805136. [PMID: 35295515 PMCID: PMC8915762 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.805136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a condition that affects a large number of men and has unknown etiology. We have previously demonstrated the presence of elevated levels of mast cell tryptase in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of CP/CPPS patients. In a murine model of CP/CPPS, we showed tryptase and its cognate receptor PAR2 as critical to the development of pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms. Here, we extend these observations to demonstrate that an isoform of tryptase called delta (δ)-tryptase, is elevated in the EPS of patients with CP/CPPS and is correlated with pelvic pain symptoms. Using an Escherichia coli (CP1) -induced murine model of CP/CPPS, we demonstrated a differential response in C57BL/6J and NOD/ShiLtJ mice, with C57BL6/J mice being resistant to an increase in pelvic tactile allodynia, despite having equivalent levels of activated mast cells in the prostate. Activated tryptase+ve mast cells were observed to be in closer apposition to PGP9.5+ve nerve fibers in the prostate stroma of NOD/ShiLtJ in comparison to C57BL/6J mice. The mouse ortholog of δ-tryptase, mouse mast cell protease 7 (mMCP7) has been reported to be unexpressed in C57BL/6J mice. We confirmed the absence of mMCP7 in the prostates of C57BL/6J and its presence in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. To evaluate a role for mMCP7 in the differential allodynia responses, we performed direct intra-urethral instillations of mMCP7 and the beta (β)-tryptase isoform ortholog, mMCP6 in the CP1-infection model. mMCP7, but not mMCP6 was able to induce an acute pelvic allodynia response in C57BL/6J mice. In-vitro studies with mMCP7 on cultured mast cells as well as dissociated primary neurons demonstrated the ability to induce differential activation of pain and inflammation associated molecules compared to mMCP6. We conclude that mMCP7, and possibility its human ortholog δ-tryptase, may play an important role in mediating the development of pelvic tactile allodynia in the mouse model of pelvic pain and in patients with CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Hua X, Ge S, Zhang M, Mo F, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yang C, Tai S, Chen X, Zhang L, Liang C. Pathogenic Roles of CXCL10 in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis by Modulating Macrophage Chemotaxis and Cytokine Secretion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706027. [PMID: 34659199 PMCID: PMC8511489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is an inflammatory immune disease characterized by intraprostatic leukocyte infiltration and pelvic or perineal pain. Macrophages play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CP/CPPS. However, the mechanisms controlling the activation and chemotaxis of macrophages in CP/CPPS remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway in the activation and chemotaxis of macrophages in CP/CPPS patients. The serums of CP/CPPS patients and healthy volunteers were collected and measured. Results showed that CXCL10 expression was significantly elevated and correlated with the severity of CP/CPPS patients. The experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model was generated, and adeno-associated virus and CXCR3 inhibitors were used to treat EAP mice. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were used to analyze the functional phenotype and regulation mechanism of macrophages. Results showed that CXCL10 deficiency ameliorates EAP severity by inhibiting infiltration of macrophages to prostate. Moreover, CXCL10 could induce macrophage migrations and secretions of proinflammatory mediators via CXCR3, which consequently activated the downstream Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. We also showed that prostatic stromal cell is a potential source of CXCL10. Our results indicated CXCL10 as an important mediator involved in inflammatory infiltration and pain symptoms of prostatitis by promoting the migration of macrophages and secretion of inflammatory mediators via CXCR3-mediated ERK and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengdong Ge
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
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13
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Liu H, Zhu X, Cao X, Chi A, Dai J, Wang Z, Deng C, Zhang M. IL-1β-primed mesenchymal stromal cells exert enhanced therapeutic effects to alleviate Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome through systemic immunity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:514. [PMID: 34563249 PMCID: PMC8466748 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) seriously affects patient health. Despite the elusiveness of innate therapeutic effects, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise for inflammation-related diseases. Recent evidence indicates that disease-specific inflammatory cytokines could enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. METHODS By establishing a CP/CPPS mouse model and pretreating MSCs with the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), we studied the IL-1β-primed MSC immunoregulatory ability and targeted migration ability in vitro and in CP/CPPS mice. RESULTS IL-1β levels significantly increased in the prostate tissue and serum of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mice. Pretreatment with IL-1β enhanced the immunomodulatory potential and targeted migration of MSCs in vitro. Furthermore, intravenous infusion of IL-1β-primed MSCs dampened inflammation in prostate tissues and alleviated hyperalgesia in EAP mice. The infused MSCs inhibited monocyte infiltration and promoted regulatory T lymphocyte formation in prostate tissue, thus remodeling the local environment. Surprisingly, IL-1β-primed MSCs exhibited improved accumulation in the spleen but not in prostate tissue. Accordingly, infused MSCs reshaped systemic immunity by reducing the proportion of Ly6ChighCD11b+ monocytes and boosting the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes in the spleen and lung. Inflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) decreased through the downregulation of the NF-κB and JNK/MAPK pathways by inflammatory resolution via MSCs infusion to alleviate pain. CONCLUSION In summary, IL-1β-primed MSCs restored systemic immunologic homeostasis to alleviate CP/CPPS by modulating systemic immunity. These findings provide a novel strategy to boost the therapeutic effects of MSC-based therapy for CP/CPPS and reveal the essential role of systematic immunity in the treatment of CP/CPPS with MSC infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinning Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, 16 North Guilin Road, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, China
| | - Ani Chi
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 51008, China
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Feng B, Dong Z, Wang Y, Yan G, Yang E, Cheng H, Liang C, Hao Z, Zhang X, Song Z, Jiang Z, Chen M, Yue Z, Wang Z. Li-ESWT treatment reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and pain via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway in autoimmune prostatitis rat models. Andrology 2021; 9:1593-1602. [PMID: 33960707 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to limited data on the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and the suboptimal therapeutic effect, the development of new and effective treatment modalities was needed urgently. Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) has been reported for the treatment of CP/CPPS. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To interrogated the efficacy and the mechanism of Li-ESWT in the treatment of CP/CPPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to different treatments, RWPE-1 cells (human prostate epithelial cells) were randomly divided into three groups: control group, LPS(lipopolysaccharide) group, or Li-ESWT group (LPS induced RWPE-1 managed by Li-ESWT). Following the Li-ESWT treatment, the levels of oxidative stress was assayed. We then established a rat model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) by injecting prostatic protein homogenate mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group, EAP group, or Li-ESWT group. Von Frey Filament was used to quantify pelvic hyperalgesia in the rats. Prostates tissues from each group were collected for immunohistochemistry, oxidation stress, and western blot analysis. RESULTS Histological analysis showed reduced inflammation and expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, SP) in prostate tissues from the Li-ESWT group compared with those from the EAP group (all P < 0.05). Similarly, there was reduced pelvic pain and allergic symptoms in the Li-ESWT group compared with the EAP group (all P < 0.05). Besides, Li-ESWT treatment could decrease oxidative stress in the prostate and in RWPE-1 cells, respectively (both P < 0.05). Moreover, the Li-ESWT up-regulated the expression of CAT through the inhibition of phosphorylation of AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Li-ESWT may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and pain in rats with autoimmunity-induced prostatitis via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. It implies that Li-ESWT can present a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Dong
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Yan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Enguang Yang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengyao Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhancheng Jiang
- Research and Develop Department, Wikkon Precision Technologies Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Research and Develop Department, Wikkon Precision Technologies Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongjin Yue
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Gansu Province (Lanzhou University), Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Ruetten H, Sandhu J, Mueller B, Wang P, Zhang HL, Wegner KA, Cadena M, Sandhu S, L Abler L, Zhu J, O'Driscoll CA, Chelgren B, Wang Z, Shen T, Barasch J, Bjorling DE, Vezina CM. A uropathogenic E. coli UTI89 model of prostatic inflammation and collagen accumulation for use in studying aberrant collagen production in the prostate. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F31-F46. [PMID: 33135480 PMCID: PMC7847049 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00431.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is one known etiology of prostatic inflammation. Prostatic inflammation is associated with prostatic collagen accumulation and both are linked to progressive lower urinary tract symptoms in men. We characterized a model of prostatic inflammation using transurethral instillations of Escherichia coli UTI89 in C57BL/6J male mice with the goal of determining the optimal instillation conditions, understanding the impact of instillation conditions on urinary physiology, and identifying ideal prostatic lobes and collagen 1a1 prostatic cell types for further analysis. The smallest instillation volume tested (50 µL) distributed exclusively to the bladder, 100- and 200-µL volumes distributed to the bladder and prostate, and a 500-µL volume distributed to the bladder, prostate, and ureter. A threshold optical density of 0.4 E. coli UTI89 in the instillation fluid was necessary for significant (P < 0.05) prostate colonization. E. coli UTI89 infection resulted in a low frequency, high volume spontaneous voiding pattern. This phenotype was due to exposure to E. coli UTI89, not catheterization alone, and was minimally altered by a 50-µL increase in instillation volume and doubling of E. coli concentration. Prostate inflammation was isolated to the dorsal prostate and was accompanied by increased collagen density. This was partnered with increased density of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C+, procollagen type I-α1+ copositive cells and decreased density of α2-smooth muscle actin+, procollagen type I-α1+ copositive cells. Overall, we determined that this model is effective in altering urinary phenotype and producing prostatic inflammation and collagen accumulation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaskiran Sandhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brett Mueller
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peiqing Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Helen L Zhang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle A Wegner
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Cadena
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simran Sandhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa L Abler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Zhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chelsea A O'Driscoll
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Britta Chelgren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zunyi Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tian Shen
- Columbia University, Department of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Dale E Bjorling
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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16
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Zhang LG, Yu ZQ, Yang C, Chen J, Zhan CS, Chen XG, Zhang L, Hao ZY, Liang CZ. Effect of Eriocalyxin B on prostatic inflammation and pelvic pain in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Prostate 2020; 80:1394-1404. [PMID: 32965686 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common disease in males. Eriocalyxin B (EriB), a natural diterpenoid purified from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora, was previously reported to have antitumor effects via multiple immune-related pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect of EriB on CP/CPPS using a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and explored its potential mechanisms. METHODS The EAP model was established in nonobese diabetic mice by intradermal injecting a mixture of prostate antigens and Complete Freund's Adjuvant on days 0 and 28. Then, EAP mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of EriB (5 or 10 mg/kg/d) for 14 days, from days 28 to 42 (EAP+EriB5 or EAP+EriB10 groups). The histopathological appearance of the prostate tissues was evaluated. Chronic pelvic pain development was assessed by cutaneous allodynia. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. We then explored anti-inflammatory potential mechanisms of EriB by studying the effects of PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (EAP+EriB10+Wort group) and NF-κB inhibitor SC75741 (EAP+EriB10+SC group) on prostate inflammation and pelvic pain using this model. RESULTS Histological analyses revealed significant prostate inflammation in EAP mice compared with control mice. Significantly increased pelvic pain was detected in EAP mice (P < .05). Compared with the EAP+Veh group, chronic pain development, histological appearance, and cytokine levels demonstrated that EriB could alleviate the severity of EAP in a dose-dependent manner though upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and downregulation of the NF-κB pathway. Further mechanism research demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could be blocked by wortmannin, but was not affected by SC75741. In addition, the NF-κB pathway could be further inhibited by SC75741 compared with the EAP+EriB10+Veh group. However, wortmannin could reactivate the NF-κB pathway, indicating that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway negatively regulates the NF-κB pathway during EriB treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggested that EriB could alleviate the severity of prostatic inflammation and pelvic pain in an EAP mouse model. These findings may broaden the value of EriB as a promising candidate for the treatment of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Yao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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17
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Liu Y, Wazir J, Tang M, Ullah R, Chen Y, Chen T, Zhou X. Experimental autoimmune prostatitis: different antigens induction and antigen-specific therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 53:607-618. [PMID: 33200334 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has uncertain etiology and lacks effective treatment. Autoimmunity is an important pathogeny, and experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) models have long been used for studying CP/CPPS. This review presents the detailed current knowledge of EAP models based on evaluation criteria aspects to provide a tool for model selection in pathogenesis studies and therapeutic drug screening. METHODS We extensively searched the published literature on CP/CPPS and different antigen-induced EAP models focusing on the histopathology, clinical-related phenotypes, and biochemical indicators. We also cover the changes in the prostate function and other organs in EAP. Finally, we try to get some insights about antigen-based therapeutic approaches for CP/CPPS. RESULTS Several inciting autoantigens were reported in EAP, including male accessory gland extracts, prostate extracts (PE), prostatic steroid-binding protein, prostatic spermine-binding protein (p25), prostatic acid phosphatase, seminal vesicle secretory protein 2, and T2 peptide. All of these models mimicked histological prostatitis, however only p25- and T2-induced models developed both pelvic pain and voiding behaviors. PE immunization is the most widely used method. Diminished fertility and mental health disorders can be found in PE model. Oral and intravenous T2 peptide have been studied for antigen-specific therapy and achieved preliminary progress in EAP models. CONCLUSIONS PE-induced model is the most commonly used, while T2- or p25-model could serve as a promising CP/CPPS model. Antigen-specific therapy in CP/CPPS deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhan CS, Chen J, Chen J, Zhang LG, Liu Y, Du HX, Wang H, Zheng MJ, Yu ZQ, Chen XG, Zhang L, Liang CZ. CaMK4-dependent phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR underlies Th17 excessive activation in experimental autoimmune prostatitis. FASEB J 2020; 34:14006-14023. [PMID: 32862457 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902910rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a complicated syndrome characterized by genitourinary pain in the absence of bacterial infection. Th17 cell-driven autoimmunity has been proposed as a cause of CP/CPPS. However, the factors that promote Th17-driven autoimmunity in experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we showed that Th17 cells were excessively activated, and blockade of IL-17A could effectively ameliorate various symptoms in EAP. Furthermore, we revealed that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅳ (CaMK4), especially Thr196 p-CaMK4 was increased in the Th17 cells of the EAP group, which were activated by intracellular cytosolic Ca2+ . Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of CaMK4 decreased the proportion of Th17 cells, and the protein and mRNA level of IL-17A, IL-22, and RORγt. The phosphorylation of CaMK4 was dependent on the increase in intracellular cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in Th17 cells. A mechanistic study demonstrated that inhibition of CaMK4 reduced IL-17A production by decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt-mTOR, which was well accepted to positively regulate Th17 differentiation. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Ca2+ -CaMK4-Akt/mTOR-IL-17A axis inhibition may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He-Xi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mei-Juan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Li X, Zhou K, Zhou M, Xia K, Xu Y, Sun X, Zhu Y, Cui C, Deng C. Influence of Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis on Sexual Function and the Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Celecoxib in a Rat Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574212. [PMID: 33013933 PMCID: PMC7509491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is a well-established model induced by an autoimmune response to prostate antigen. The symptomatic, pathological, and immunological characteristics of EAP animals are highly consistent with human chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), which makes EAP an ideal model for this disease. Here, we investigate the influence of EAP on male rat sexual function and the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy with celecoxib. EAP rat models were established using male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal control group, an EAP model group, or an EAP model with celecoxib treatment group (celecoxib group). Behavioral changes, sexual behavioral changes, and erectile function were estimated using an open-field test, a sucrose consumption test, mating experiments, and by intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio (ICP/MAP). Histological changes in the prostate were observed by HE staining, and the serum inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT2C receptor, and serotonin transporter (SERT) expression levels in the hippocampus and spinal cord (T13–L1, L5–S2) were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results showed that EAP rats exhibited characteristics of depression, decreased sexual drive, premature ejaculation, and increased threshold of penile erection. Moreover, all these changes were effectively alleviated by celecoxib. Significant increases in prostatic interstitial infiltration by inflammatory cells and in serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels were observed in EAP rats, and these were partially reduced by celecoxib. Additionally, the expression pattern of serotonin system regulators in the hippocampus and spinal cord were altered in EAP model rats, including a decrease in 5-HT levels and an increase in 5-HT1A receptor levels. In conclusion, autoimmune prostatitis impaired rat sexual function, and this was effectively prevented by anti-inflammatory therapy with celecoxib. Moreover, a serotonin system disorder in the central nervous system was likely mediated via inflammation in EAP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuikui Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Drug Addiction, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-HongKong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingkuan Zhou
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Drug Addiction, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-HongKong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangzhou Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Drug Addiction, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-HongKong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyan Cui
- Imaging and Minimally Invasive Intervention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Neuronal/astrocytic expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 is associated with monocyte/macrophage recruitment in male chronic pelvic pain. Pain 2020; 161:2581-2591. [PMID: 32541388 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a multisymptom syndrome with unknown etiology. The experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mouse model of chronic pelvic pain syndrome is associated with immune cell infiltration into the prostate, expression of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Here, we studied CCL2 expression in tissues along the nociceptive pathway and its association with neuroimmune cells during pain development. Examination of prostate tissues at days 14 and 28 after EAP induction revealed CCL2 expression was increased in epithelial cells and was associated with increased numbers of macrophages lying in close apposition to PGP9.5-positive afferent neuronal fibers. C-C Chemokine ligand 2 immunoreactivity was elevated to a similar degree in the dorsal root ganglia at day 14 and day 28. D14 of EAP was associated with elevated IBA1 cells in the dorsal root ganglia that were not evident at D28. Adoptive transfer of green fluorescent protein+ leukocytes into EAP mice demonstrated monocytes are capable of infiltrating the spinal cord from peripheral blood with what seemed to be a proinflammatory phenotype. In the lower dorsal spinal cord, CCL2 expression localized to NeuN expressing neurons and GFAP-expressing astrocytes. Myeloid derived cell infiltration into the spinal cord in EAP was observed in the L6-S2 dorsal horn. Myeloid-derived CD45 IBA1+ cells were localized with IBA1+ TMEM199+ microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in EAP, with intimate association of the 2 cell types suggesting cell-cell interactions. Finally, intrathecal administration of liposomal clodronate ameliorated pelvic pain symptoms, suggesting a mechanistic role for macrophages and microglia in chronic pelvic pain.
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21
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Xu Z, Zou C, Guo M, Bian H, Zhao W, Wang J. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) regulates the catecholamine production homeostasis via transcriptional repression of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (Aadc) in the interstitial cells of Cajal of mouse prostate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:732-739. [PMID: 32522342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the lately identified role for the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) of mouse prostate in catecholamine production, as well as the well-established role for the master coregulator metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in inflammation, we probed into the functional link between aberrant MTA1 expression and pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) using both a MTA1-/- mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and an in vitro chronic prostatitis model in cultured murine ICCs. EAP-induced MTA1 expression was enriched in ICCs of mouse prostate. EAP resulted in a higher increase in the pelvic pain response in MTA1-/- mice compared to WT mice. Consistently, the ICCs from MTA1-/- mice produced higher levels of catecholamines upon induction of in vitro chronic prostatitis. Mechanistically, MTA1 could directly suppress the transcription of Aadc, a rate-limiting enzyme during catecholamine synthesis, in a HDAC2-depdendent manner. Importantly, treatment with AADC inhibitor NSD-1015 significantly ameliorated EAP-elicited pain response and catecholamine overactivity in MTA1-/- mice. Taken together, our findings reveal an inherent regulatory role of the MTA1/AADC pathway in the maintenance of catecholamine production homeostasis in prostate ICCs, and also point to a potential use of HDAC inhibitors and/or AADC inhibitors to treat CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Xu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chunbo Zou
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - MaoMao Guo
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hao Bian
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiangping Wang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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22
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Du HX, Liu Y, Zhang LG, Zhan CS, Chen J, Zhang M, Chen XG, Zhang L, Liang CZ. Abnormal gut microbiota composition is associated with experimental autoimmune prostatitis-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Prostate 2020; 80:663-673. [PMID: 32255522 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are found in approximately 78% of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) patients, but the pathological mechanisms remain unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal gut microbiota may play an important role in depression. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota contributes to CP/CPPS-associated depression by using a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). METHODS Male nonobese diabetic mice were immunized twice by subcutaneous injection of prostate antigen and adjuvant. Behavioral tests consisted of an open field test, sucrose preference test, forced swimming tests, and tail suspension test was used to confirm the depression-like symptoms that were induced by EAP. Then, fecal samples were collected, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed to detect differences in gut microbiota composition between control and EAP group. Additionally, fecal bacteria from the control and EAP mice were transplanted into antibiotics-induced pseudo-germ-free mice to investigate the effects on host behaviors and the composition of gut bacteria. RESULTS EAP was successfully established and exhibited depressive-like behaviors in mice. The 16S rRNA analysis of fecal samples indicated the abnormal composition of gut microbiota in the EAP mice compared to the control mice. In the fecal microbiota transplant study, antibiotics-treated pseudo-germ-free mice presented depressive states as compared to naïve mice. Fecal bacteria transplant from EAP mice, but not from control mice, into the pseudo-germ-free mice, significantly exaggerated host depression-like behaviors. Moreover, fecal bacteria transplants from control and EAP mice induced distinct alterations in α-diversity and β-diversity indices. In all, 24 bacteria at six phylogenetic levels were remarkably changed by the fecal bacteria transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal gut microbiota composition after EAP induction may contribute to the development of depression in mice. A therapeutic strategy that targets gut microbiota may provide an alternative treatment for alleviating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Xi Du
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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23
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Roman K, Hall C, Schaeffer AJ, Thumbikat P. TRPV1 in experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Prostate 2020; 80:28-37. [PMID: 31573117 PMCID: PMC7313375 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a disorder that is characterized by persistent pelvic pain in men of any age. Although several studies suggest that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is involved in various pathways of chronic pain, the TRPV1 channel has not been implicated in chronic pelvic pain associated with CP/CPPS. METHODS Male C57BL/6J (B6) and TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1 KO) mice (5-7 weeks old) were used to study the development of pelvic allodynia in a murine model of CP/CPPS called experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). The prostate lobes, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord were excised at day 20. The prostate lobes were assessed for inflammation, TRPV1 expression, and mast cell activity. DRG and spinal cord, between the L6-S4 regions, were analyzed to determine the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK 1/2). To examine the therapeutic potential of TRPV1, B6 mice with EAP received intraurethral infusion of a TRPV1 antagonist at day 20 (repeated every 2 days) and pelvic pain was evaluated at days 20, 25, 30, and 35. RESULTS Our data showed that B6 mice with EAP developed pelvic tactile allodynia at days 7, 14, and 20. In contrast, TRPV1 KO mice with EAP do not develop pelvic tactile allodynia at any time point. Although we observed no change in the levels of TRPV1 protein expression in the prostate from B6 mice with EAP, there was evidence of significant inflammation and elevated mast cell activation. Interestingly, the prostate from TRPV1 KO mice with EAP showed a lack of mast cell activation despite evidence of prostate inflammation. Next, we observed a significant increase of p-ERK1/2 in the DRG and spinal cord from B6 mice with EAP; however, p-ERK1/2 expression was unaltered in TRPV1 KO mice with EAP. Finally, we confirmed that intraurethral administration of a TRPV1 antagonist peptide reduced pelvic tactile allodynia in B6 mice with EAP after day 20. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in a murine model of CP/CPPS, the TRPV1 channel is key to persistent pelvic tactile allodynia and blocking TRPV1 in the prostate may be a promising strategy to quell chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Roman
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christel Hall
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Yamaguchi H, Kurita M, Yoshinaga R, Asao Y, Oka M. [Experimental rodent models of chronic prostatitis: effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor on chronic pelvic-pain-related behavior]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:259-264. [PMID: 31735755 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is commonly diagnosed in men younger than 50 years old. It is characterized by pelvic pain, voiding symptoms and sexual dysfunction. The considerable discomfort or pain experienced has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and is a huge economic burden because of the high recurrence rate and the low cure rate. Appropriate animal models are essential for the development of new drugs for the treatment of CP/CPPS, and several rodent models induced by different methods and over different time frames have been established. This article reviews studies of three in vivo rodent models of prostatitis, namely, chemical-induced, autoimmune-induced and hormone-associated models reported by us and other investigators. Recent clinical investigation has suggested that tadalafil improves the International Prostatic Symptom Score and the total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with CP/CPPS, which enables us to investigate the effect of tadalafil on the pelvic-pain-related behavior and prostatic inflammation in two of these prostatitis model types, experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and hormone/castration-induced prostatitis (HCP). Both models showed the pelvic-pain-related behavior and prostatic inflammation that are characteristic of chronic prostatitis. In EAP, tadalafil suppressed both the pelvic-pain-related behavior and the prostatic inflammation. In HCP, tadalafil suppressed the pelvic-pain-related behavior. These results mimic the clinical findings. Therefore EAP and HCP are suitable for the evaluation of the potency of drugs for the treatment of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maki Kurita
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd
| | | | - Yasunori Asao
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd
| | - Michiko Oka
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd
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25
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Wang W, Naveed M, Majeed F, Cui X, Ihsan AU, Liu Z, Zubair HM, Tang M, Sohail M, Xiaohui Z. Morphological reseach on expression of inflammatory mediators in murine models of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) induced by T2 antigen. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13435. [PMID: 31613015 DOI: 10.1111/and.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common clinical syndrome with unknown aetiology. In this study, we used the T2 peptide in C57BL/6 (B6) mice and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats model during different stages. We sought to understand the role of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in CP/CPPS. A total of 16 B6 mice and 18 SD rats were divided into five groups: B6-naïve (n = 6), B6 model (n = 10), SD-naïve (n = 6), SD-45-day model (n = 6) and SD-56-day model (n = 6). The B6 model group was subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of (225μg/ml) T2 peptide on 0 and 14th day and was finally sacrificed on 28th day. The SD-45- and SD-56-day model groups were subcutaneously injected with 1ml of (50 μg/ml) T2 peptide on 0 and 14th day and were finally sacrificed on 45th and 56th day respectively. An equivalent volume of normal saline (NS) solution was injected to the naïve groups and analysed the pain and voiding behaviour. We have calculated the prostate index, H&E staining and immunofluorescence of CD4+ T cells and macrophages (CD68) in each group. T2 peptide immunization in B6 mice and SD rats caused severe prostatitis and cell infiltration, mainly composed of CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The SD-56-day model group showed more severe inflammatory cells infiltration than SD-45-day model group. Moreover, inflammatory cells infiltration and red secretions in B6 model were less than SD model. Expression of CD4+ T cells and macrophages was also consistent with H&E results. These results indicated that different stages of CP/CPPS, inflammatory response, and the inflammation of the rat were stronger than the mouse. Our study suggests that CD4+ T cells and macrophages are key factors in the development of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fatima Majeed
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Awais Ullah Ihsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Meng Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Xiaohui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China.,Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang LG, Chen J, Meng JL, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhan CS, Chen XG, Zhang L, Liang CZ. Effect of alcohol on chronic pelvic pain and prostatic inflammation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Prostate 2019; 79:1439-1449. [PMID: 31233226 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent disease of the urogenital system. Alcohol has been reported to be closely related to CP/CPPS. Thus, we intended to verify the role of alcohol in CP/CPPS and determine the underlying mechanism. METHODS We induced experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mouse model by intradermally injecting a mixture of prostate antigens (PAgs) and complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 28. Mice were treated with alcohol (control-alcohol and EAP-alcohol groups) or vehicle (control-vehicle, and EAP-vehicle groups) from day 32 to 42. Forty-two days after PAg injection, the pathological appearance of the prostate tissues was evaluated, and histological analyses of the prostate were performed. Chronic pelvic pain was assessed by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen. Proinflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Then, we explored the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 on chronic pelvic pain and prostatic inflammation in this model. RESULTS Histological analyses showed diffuse inflammation in the stromal tissues that were characterized by severe infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells in mice in the EAP-alcohol group compared with EAP-vehicle group. Chronic pain tests showed that the response frequency was significantly increased using a von Frey filament at forces of 0.4, 1.0, and 4.0 g in EAP-alcohol group compared with EAP-vehicle (P < .05). The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, and IL-1β were all significantly elevated in EAP-alcohol group compared with the EAP-vehicle group (P < .05). However, between the control-alcohol and control-vehicle groups, chronic pain tests, histological assays, and cytokine determinations showed no differences. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that MCC950 could decrease the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins including NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. The chronic pain tests, histological assays, and cytokine determinations showed that MCC950 could attenuate the chronic pain and prostatic inflammation through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that alcohol could aggravate the severity of prostatic inflammation in EAP model though activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, the role of MCC950 in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and decreasing IL-1β secretion to alleviate EAP severity may show that it is a promising therapeutic agent for CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Zhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Appiya Santharam M, Khan FU, Naveed M, Ali U, Ahsan MZ, Khongorzul P, Shoaib RM, Ihsan AU. Interventions to chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome treatment. Where are we standing and what's next? Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172429. [PMID: 31170381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a frustrating syndrome. The pathogenesis and state of the art treatment of CP/CPPS are not known. A wide variety of therapies including anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, alpha-blockers, neuropathic pain modulators, and 5α-reductase inhibitors are in practice. These treatment strategies focus on alleviating symptoms in specific domains without treating root-cause and therapeutic outcome is far from satisfactory. We review the literature on current pharmacological treatments for CP/CPPS in detail and suggest future perspectives to modify the treatment strategies. We suggest that introducing novel treatment strategies such as gene editing, and Tregs expressing chimeric receptors may improve the treatment outcomes by inducing immune tolerance and controlling expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madanraj Appiya Santharam
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Farhan Ullah Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Usman Ali
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Ahsan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Puregmaa Khongorzul
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Shoaib
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Awais Ullah Ihsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Murphy SF, Anker JF, Mazur DJ, Hall C, Schaeffer AJ, Thumbikat P. Role of gram-positive bacteria in chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Prostate 2019; 79:160-167. [PMID: 30242864 PMCID: PMC6623965 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a complex disorder that affects a large proportion of all men. A limited understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis is reflected by the absence of effective therapies. Although CPPS is deemed clinically non-infectious with no well-defined etiological role for microbes, bacteria is readily isolated from both healthy and patient prostate secretion and urine samples. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that a specific gram-negative bacterial isolate can induce CPPS-like symptoms in mice. Here we aimed to expand on these findings examining the role of gram-positive patient-derived bacteria in CPPS. METHODS A retrospective analysis of bacterial cultures from CPPS patients from a single center was performed. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of three CPPS-patients (pain inducers, PI) and one from a healthy volunteer (non-pain inducer, NPI). These bacteria were inoculated intra-urethrally in two mouse backgrounds and analyzed for their ability to induce tactile allodynia, voiding dysfunction, and colonize the murine prostate. Host immune responses to bacterial instillation were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS PI strains (Staphylococcus haemolyticus 2551, Enterococcus faecalis 427, and Staphylococcus epidermidis 7244) induced and maintained tactile allodynia responses (200% increase above baseline) for 28 days in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Conversely the healthy subject derived strain (Staphylococcus epidermidis NPI) demonstrated no significant pelvic allodynia induction. Intra-urethral inoculation of the four bacterial strains into C57BL/6 mice did not induce significant increases in pain responses. Infected NOD/ShiLtJ displayed significant voiding dysfunction compared to their control counterparts. Colony counts of prostate tissues from both NOD/ShiLtJ and C57BL/6 mice at day 28 demonstrated that bacterial strains colonized equally well, including NPI. We also determined that mechanistically, the patient-isolates induced prostate inflammation specifically involving T-cells and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Gram-positive isolates from CPPS patients showed enhanced ability to induce tactile allodynia compared to a single taxonomically similar gram-positive strain isolated from a healthy control. Responses were shown to be dependent on host genetic background and not on colonization differences between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Murphy
- Dept. of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Anker
- Dept. of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel J. Mazur
- Dept. of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christel Hall
- Dept. of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Dept. of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Dept. of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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A prostate derived commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis strain prevents and ameliorates induction of chronic prostatitis by UPEC infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17420. [PMID: 30479364 PMCID: PMC6258684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common syndrome with limited therapies and an unknown etiology. Previously, our laboratory has defined a potential role for pathogenic infection in disease onset. Intra-urethral infection with a uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain isolated from a CP/CPPS patient, CP1, induces prostatic inflammation and tactile allodynia in mice. We have also demonstrated that a prostate specific Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial isolate, NPI (non-pain inducing), from a healthy subject reduces pain and inflammation in an experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) murine model. Here we focus on the interplay between these human isolates in the context of prostatitis development and resolution. NOD/ShiLtJ mice were inoculated with either NP1 or CP1, or combinations of both. Infection with CP1 induced pelvic tactile allodynia after 7 days, while NPI instillation alone induced no such response. Instillation with NPI 7 days following CP1 infection resolved pelvic tactile allodynia and prophylactic instillation 7 days prior to CPI infection prevented its onset. Prophylactic NPI instillation also prevented CP1 colonization of both prostate and bladder tissues. In vitro analyses revealed that CP1 and NPI do not directly inhibit the growth or invasive potential of one another. Immunological analyses revealed that specific markers associated with CP1-induced pelvic allodynia were decreased upon NPI treatment or repressed by prophylactic colonization. This study demonstrates that a commensal bacterial isolate can inhibit the colonization, pain responses, and immunological activation to uropathogenic bacteria, emphasizing the power of a healthy prostatic microflora in controlling health and disease.
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Kurita M, Yamaguchi H, Okamoto K, Kotera T, Oka M. Chronic pelvic pain and prostate inflammation in rat experimental autoimmune prostatitis: Effect of a single treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors on chronic pelvic pain. Prostate 2018; 78:1157-1165. [PMID: 30009466 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is most often used as a nonbacterial model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain. We investigated the development of chronic pelvic pain and inflammatory changes in rat EAP and examined the effect of a single treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors on the chronic pelvic pain. METHODS EAP was induced in rats by intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 28. On day 42, after antigen injection, prostatic inflammatory changes, including the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines/chemokines, were measured and histological analysis of the prostate was performed. Pelvic pain was measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen. To confirm that this model is appropriate for evaluating pelvic pain, we tested two drugs, celecoxib and pregabalin, which are clinically used for the treatment of prostatitis-related pain. Subsequently, we examined the effects of single treatments with three phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, on pelvic pain in this model. RESULTS On day 42, after antigen injection, the mRNA levels of 44 of 84 kinds of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors increased significantly in EAP rats, as did the protein levels of seven of 23 kinds of cytokines/chemokines. Histological analysis revealed inflammation characterized by neutrophils and/or mononuclear cells in the glandular and stromal tissue of the ventral prostate from rats in the EAP group. Some animals in this group showed fibrosis and hemorrhage in the stromal tissue. Pelvic pain had developed in EAP rats, which was attenuated by a single treatment with celecoxib or pregabalin, suggesting that EAP is an appropriate model for prostatitis-related pain. A single treatment with any of the three PDE5 inhibitors tested attenuated the chronic pelvic pain. CONCLUSIONS Prostatitis leads to inflammatory changes in the prostate, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pelvic pain. PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, may have the ability to block chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kurita
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kotera
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Oka
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Okamoto K, Kurita M, Yamaguchi H, Numakura Y, Oka M. Effect of tadalafil on chronic pelvic pain and prostatic inflammation in a rat model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Prostate 2018; 78:707-713. [PMID: 29577372 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) shares important clinical features with clinical chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain. We investigated the effect of tadalafil on pelvic pain and prostatic inflammation in a rat EAP model. METHODS EAP was induced in rats by intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 28. Rats were treated with tadalafil (2 mg/kg, p.o.; EAP-tadalafil) or vehicle (EAP-vehicle) once daily from day 0, while sham-operated animals were treated with vehicle only (Sham). Tactile allodynia was measured on days 28, 35, and 42 by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen as an index of pelvic pain. On day 42, the plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and the testosterone/estradiol ratio were measured and histopathological analysis of the prostate was performed. RESULTS Tactile allodynia in the pelvic region was observed on days 28, 35, and 42 after EAP induction. The tactile allodynia observed on day 42 was significantly reduced by repeated treatment with tadalafil. Plasma IgG concentrations increased after EAP induction but the increase was not changed by tadalafil treatment. Prostate tissues were characterized by epithelial necrosis, infiltration of neutrophils and/or lymphocytes to acini and stroma, and fibrosis, in addition to a high stroma-to-epithelium ratio. Tadalafil treatment significantly suppressed the severity of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS EAP rats developed pelvic pain, prostatic inflammation and increased plasma IgG concentrations. Tadalafil inhibited the chronic pelvic pain and prostatic inflammation, suggesting that its anti-inflammatory action may contribute to its blocking of pain development in the EAP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamoto
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maki Kurita
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Numakura
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Oka
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Commensal bacterial modulation of the host immune response to ameliorate pain in a murine model of chronic prostatitis. Pain 2018; 158:1517-1527. [PMID: 28715352 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human commensal microflora plays an essential role in modulating the immune response to control homeostasis. Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal bacterium most commonly associated with the skin exerts such effects locally, modulating local immune responses during inflammation and preventing superinfection by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Although the prostate is considered by many to be sterile, multiple investigations have shown that small numbers of gram-positive bacterial species such as S. epidermidis can be isolated from the expressed prostatic secretions of both healthy and diseased men. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a complex syndrome with symptoms including pain and lower urinary tract dysfunction. It has an unknown etiology and limited effective treatments but is associated with modulation of prostate immune responses. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be modeled using murine experimental prostatitis (EAP), where CD4+ve IL17A+ve T cells have been shown to play a critical role in disease orchestration and development of pelvic tactile allodynia. Here, we report that intraurethral instillation of a specific S. epidermidis strain (designated NPI [non-pain inducing]), isolated from the expressed prostatic secretion of a healthy human male, into EAP-treated mice reduced the pelvic tactile allodynia responses and increased CD4+ve IL17A+ve T-cell numbers associated with EAP. Furthermore, a cell wall constituent of NPI, lipoteichoic acid, specifically recapitulates these effects and mediates increased expression of CTLA4-like ligands PDL1 and PDL2 on prostatic CD11b+ve antigen-presenting cells. These results identify a new potential therapeutic role for commensal S. epidermidis NPI lipoteichoic acid in the treatment of prostatitis-associated pain.
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Wegner KA, Cadena MT, Trevena R, Turco AE, Gottschalk A, Halberg RB, Guo J, McMahon JA, McMahon AP, Vezina CM. An immunohistochemical identification key for cell types in adult mouse prostatic and urethral tissue sections. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188413. [PMID: 29145476 PMCID: PMC5690684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Though many methods can be used to identify cell types contained in complex tissues, most require cell disaggregation and destroy information about where cells reside in relation to their microenvironment. Here, we describe a polytomous key for cell type identification in intact sections of adult mouse prostate and prostatic urethra. The key is organized as a decision tree and initiates with one round of immunostaining for nerve, epithelial, fibromuscular/hematolymphoid, or vascular associated cells. Cell identities are recursively eliminated by subsequent staining events until the remaining pool of potential cell types can be distinguished by direct comparison to other cells. We validated our identification key using wild type adult mouse prostate and urethra tissue sections and it currently resolves sixteen distinct cell populations which include three nerve fiber types as well as four epithelial, five fibromuscular/hematolymphoid, one nerve-associated, and three vascular-associated cell types. We demonstrate two uses of this novel identification methodology. We first used the identification key to characterize prostate stromal cell type changes in response to constitutive phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase activation in prostate epithelium. We then used the key to map cell lineages in a new reporter mouse strain driven by Wnt10aem1(cre/ERT2)Amc. The identification key facilitates rigorous and reproducible cell identification in prostate tissue sections and can be expanded to resolve additional cell types as new antibodies and other resources become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Wegner
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Cadena
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ryan Trevena
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Turco
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adam Gottschalk
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Halberg
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jill A. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- George M. O’Brien Benign Urology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Li J, Hu Y, Zhang H, Yang X, Jiang Y, Yao Z, Chen Y, Gao Y, Tan A, Liao M, Lu Z, Wu C, Xian X, Wei S, Zhang Z, Chen W, Wei GH, Wang Q, Mo Z. Multi-factors including Inflammatory/Immune, Hormones, Tumor-related Proteins and Nutrition associated with Chronic Prostatitis NIH IIIa+b and IV based on FAMHES project. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9143. [PMID: 28831136 PMCID: PMC5567298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a complex disease. Fragmentary evidence suggests that factors such as infection and autoimmunity might be associated with CP. To further elucidate potential risk factors, the current study utilized the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES) project; where 22 inflammatory/immune markers, hormone markers, tumor-related proteins, and nutrition-related variables were investigated. We also performed baseline, regression, discriminant, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. According to NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), participants were divided into chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS, pain ≥ 4; divided into IIIa and IIIb sub-groups) and non-CPPS (pain = 0; divided into IV and normal sub-groups). Analyses revealed osteocalcin as a consistent protective factor for CP/CPPS, NIH-IIIb, and NIH-IV prostatitis. Further discriminant analysis revealed that ferritin (p = 0.002) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with NIH-IIIa and NIH-IV prostatitis, respectively. Moreover, ROC analysis suggested that ferritin was the most valuable independent predictor of NIH-IIIa prostatitis (AUC = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.534–0.745, p = 0.006). Together, our study revealed inflammatory/immune markers [immunoglobulin E, Complement (C3, C4), C-reactive protein, anti-streptolysin, and rheumatoid factors], hormone markers (osteocalcin, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and insulin), tumor-related proteins (carcinoembryonic and PSA), and a nutrition-related variable (ferritin) were significantly associated with CP or one of its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Family Planning Research Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ziting Yao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yinchun Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoyin Xian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Suchun Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhifu Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. .,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Galactoglucomannan-rich hemicellulose extract from Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) exerts beneficial effects on chronic prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Breser ML, Salazar FC, Rivero VE, Motrich RD. Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Pelvic Pain and Prostate Inflammation in Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:898. [PMID: 28824626 PMCID: PMC5535188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most common urologic morbidity in men younger than 50 years and is characterized by a diverse range of pain and inflammatory symptoms, both in type and severity, that involve the region of the pelvis, perineum, scrotum, rectum, testes, penis, and lower back. In most patients, pain is accompanied by inflammation in the absence of an invading infectious agent. Since CP/CPPS etiology is still not well established, available therapeutic options for patients are far from satisfactory for either physicians or patients. During the past two decades, chronic inflammation has been deeply explored as the cause of CP/CPPS. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge regarding immunological mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain and prostate inflammation in CP/CPPS. Cumulative evidence obtained from both human disease and animal models indicate that several factors may trigger chronic inflammation in the form of autoimmunity against prostate, fostering chronic prostate recruitment of Th1 cells, and different other leukocytes, including mast cells, which might be the main actors in the consequent development of chronic pelvic pain. Thus, the local inflammatory milieu and the secretion of inflammatory mediators may induce neural sensitization leading to chronic pelvic pain development. Although scientific advances are encouraging, additional studies are urgently needed to establish the relationship between prostatitis development, mast cell recruitment to the prostate, and the precise mechanisms by which they would induce pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia C Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubén D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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37
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Khan FU, Ihsan AU, Nawaz W, Khan MZ, Yang M, Wang G, Liao X, Han L, Zhou X. A novel mouse model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome induced by immunization of special peptide fragment with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Immunol Lett 2017; 187:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu X, Fan S, Zheng M, Chen J, Zhang J, Li H. The mediation of interleukin-17 and chemokine ligand 2 in pelvic pain of experimental autoimmune prostatitis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:51-58. [PMID: 28672892 PMCID: PMC5488646 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the expression and mediation of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in a rat model with experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP). A total of 44 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in the present study. Of these, a total of 20 two-month-old SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control (n=10) and a model group (EAP group, n=10). The remaining 24 two-month old SD rats were treated in the same way as EAP rats and subsequently randomly divided into a tacrolimus group (n=8), a celecoxib group (n=8) and a normal saline (NS) control group (n=8). Rats in the EAP and normal control groups underwent the Von Frey filaments behavioral test; rats in the tacrolimus, celecoxib and normal saline groups received a pain test following intervention treatment. Prostate tissues of SD rats in each group were harvested for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis to observe the expression of IL-17 and CCL2. In the pain-reaction test, the occurrence of abnormal pain in the EAP group was significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.001). The celecoxib group experienced a significant decrease in pain at day 10 compared with the NS group (P<0.01), while the decrease in pain experienced by the tacrolimus group was only significant at day 30 (P<0.001) and the pain experienced by the NS group decreased slightly over this same period. Results of RT-qPCR and western blot analysis indicated that, compared with the control group, the expression of IL-17 and CCL2 in the prostate tissue of EAP rats was significantly upregulated 50 days following modeling (P<0.05). On day 30 following intervention, the expression of IL-17 and CCL2 in the prostate of rats in the tacrolimus and celecoxib groups was significantly downregulated compared with the NS group (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of the current study demonstrate that IL-17 and CCL2 serve a vital role in the morbidity of the experimental autoimmune prostatitis and may also have a mediation effect on pelvic pain associated with chronic prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jianheng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Breser ML, Motrich RD, Sanchez LR, Rivero VE. Chronic Pelvic Pain Development and Prostate Inflammation in Strains of Mice With Different Susceptibility to Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis. Prostate 2017; 77:94-104. [PMID: 27699823 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the prostate characterized by peripheral prostate-specific autoimmune responses associated with prostate inflammation. EAP is induced in rodents upon immunization with prostate antigens (PAg) plus adjuvants and shares important clinical and immunological features with the human disease chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). METHODS EAP was induced in young NOD, C57BL/6, and BALB/c male mice by immunization with PAg plus complete Freund́s adjuvant. Tactile allodynia was assessed using Von Frey fibers as a measure of pelvic pain at baseline and at different time points after immunization. Using conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, FACS analysis, and protein arrays, an interstrain comparative study of prostate cell infiltration and inflammation was performed. RESULTS Chronic pelvic pain development was similar between immunized NOD and C57BL/6 mice, although the severity of leukocyte infiltration was greater in the first case. Coversely, minimal prostate cell infiltration was observed in immunized BALB/c mice, who showed no pelvic pain development. Increased numbers of mast cells, mostly degranulated, were detected in prostate samples from NOD and C57BL/6 mice, while lower total counts and resting were observed in BALB/c mice. Prostate tissue from NOD mice revealed markedly increased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, and metalloproteinases. Similar results, but to a lesser extent, were observed when analyzing prostate tissue from C57BL/6 mice. On the contrary, the expression of the above mediators was very low in prostate tissue from immunized BALB/c mice, showing significantly slight increments only for CXCL1 and IL4. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new evidence indicating that NOD, C57BL/6, and BALB/c mice develop different degrees of chronic pelvic pain, type, and amount of prostate cell infiltration and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Our results corroborate and support the notion that mice with different genetic background have different susceptibility to EAP induction. Prostate 77:94-104, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo R Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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IL-17 is not essential for inflammation and chronic pelvic pain development in an experimental model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Pain 2016; 157:585-597. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Role of PAR2 in the Development of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. J Urol 2016; 196:588-98. [PMID: 26860791 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lower urinary tract symptoms are a common finding in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. We previously reported that the mast cell-tryptase-PAR2 (protease activated receptor 2) axis has a critical role in the development of chronic pain in experimental autoimmune prostatitis, a mouse model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Therefore, we examined whether PAR2 activation mediates lower urinary tract dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Functional cystometry was done in male B6 mice along with immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry for the expression of COL1A1 (collagen type I α I) and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). Flow cytometry analysis was performed on single cell suspensions of the prostate, bladder, lymph nodes and spleen. RESULTS Experimental autoimmune prostatitis resulted in increased urinary voiding frequency and decreased bladder capacity 30 days after initiation. Concurrently, there was increased expression of COL1A1 and α-SMA in the prostates and bladders. In contrast, induction of experimental autoimmune prostatitis in PAR2 knockout mice did not result in altered urodynamics or increased markers of fibrosis in the prostate or the bladder. Single cell suspensions of the prostate, bladder, lymph nodes and spleen demonstrated that in the absence of PAR2 cellular inflammatory mechanisms were still initiated in experimental autoimmune prostatitis but PAR2 expression may be required to maintain chronic inflammation. Finally, antibody mediated PAR2 neutralization normalized urinary voiding frequency and bladder capacity, and attenuated chronic pelvic pain. CONCLUSIONS PAR2 activation in the prostate may contribute to the development of lower urinary tract dysfunction through proinflammatory as well as profibrotic pathways.
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Fuentes IM, Pierce AN, O'Neil PT, Christianson JA. Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation. J Vis Exp 2015:e53181. [PMID: 26327525 DOI: 10.3791/53181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has a lifetime prevalence of 14% and is the most common urological diagnosis for men under the age of 50, yet it is the least understood and studied chronic pelvic pain disorder. A significant subset of patients with chronic pelvic pain report having experienced early life stress or abuse, which can markedly affect the functioning and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mast cell activation, which has been shown to be increased in both urine and expressed prostatic secretions of CP/CPPS patients, is partially regulated by downstream activation of the HPA axis. Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) has been used for over two decades to study the outcomes of early life stress in rodent models, including changes in the HPA axis and visceral sensitivity. Here we provide a detailed protocol for using NMS as a preclinical model of CP/CPPS in male C57BL/6 mice. We describe the methodology for performing NMS, assessing perigenital mechanical allodynia, and histological evidence of mast cell activation. We also provide evidence that early psychological stress can have long-lasting effects on the male urogenital system in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela N Pierce
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Pierce T O'Neil
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center
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Murphy SF, Schaeffer AJ, Done J, Wong L, Bell-Cohn A, Roman K, Cashy J, Ohlhausen M, Thumbikat P. IL17 Mediates Pelvic Pain in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125623. [PMID: 25933188 PMCID: PMC4416802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is the most common form of prostatitis, accounting for 90-95% of all diagnoses. It is a complex multi-symptom syndrome with unknown etiology and limited effective treatments. Previous investigations highlight roles for inflammatory mediators in disease progression by correlating levels of cytokines and chemokines with patient reported symptom scores. It is hypothesized that alteration of adaptive immune mechanisms results in autoimmunity and subsequent development of pain. Mouse models of CPPS have been developed to delineate these immune mechanisms driving pain in humans. Using the experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) in C57BL/6 mice model of CPPS we examined the role of CD4+T-cell subsets in the development and maintenance of prostate pain, by tactile allodynia behavioral testing and flow cytometry. In tandem with increased CD4+IL17A+ T-cells upon EAP induction, prophylactic treatment with an anti-IL17 antibody one-day prior to EAP induction prevented the onset of pelvic pain. Therapeutic blockade of IL17 did not reverse pain symptoms indicating that IL17 is essential for development but not maintenance of chronic pain in EAP. Furthermore we identified a cytokine, IL7, to be associated with increased symptom severity in CPPS patients and is increased in patient prostatic secretions and the prostates of EAP mice. IL7 is fundamental to development of IL17 producing cells and plays a role in maturation of auto-reactive T-cells, it is also associated with autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes. More recently a growing body of research has pointed to IL17's role in development of neuropathic and chronic pain. This report presents novel data on the role of CD4+IL17+ T-cells in development and maintenance of pain in EAP and CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph Done
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Larry Wong
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Bell-Cohn
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenny Roman
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John Cashy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michelle Ohlhausen
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wong L, Done JD, Schaeffer AJ, Thumbikat P. Experimental autoimmune prostatitis induces microglial activation in the spinal cord. Prostate 2015; 75:50-9. [PMID: 25263093 PMCID: PMC4257869 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is unknown and factors including the host's immune response and the nervous system have been attributed to the development of CP/CPPS. We previously demonstrated that mast cells and chemokines such as CCL2 and CCL3 play an important role in mediating prostatitis. Here, we examined the role of neuroinflammation and microglia in the CNS in the development of chronic pelvic pain. METHODS Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) was induced using a subcutaneous injection of rat prostate antigen. Sacral spinal cord tissue (segments S14-S5) was isolated and utilized for immunofluorescence or QRT-PCR analysis. Tactile allodynia was measured at baseline and at various points during EAP using Von Frey fibers as a function for pelvic pain. EAP mice were treated with minocycline after 30 days of prostatitis to test the efficacy of microglial inhibition on pelvic pain. RESULTS Prostatitis induced the expansion and activation of microglia and the development of inflammation in the spinal cord as determined by increased expression levels of CCL3, IL-1β, Iba1, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Microglial activation in mice with prostatitis resulted in increased expression of P2X4R and elevated levels of BDNF, two molecular markers associated with chronic pain. Pharmacological inhibition of microglia alleviated pain in mice with prostatitis and resulted in decreased expression of IL-1β, P2X4R, and BDNF. CONCLUSION Our data show that prostatitis leads to inflammation in the spinal cord and the activation and expansion of microglia, mechanisms that may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Wong
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 16-703 Tarry, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Joseph D. Done
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 16-703 Tarry, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 16-703 Tarry, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 16-703 Tarry, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 16-703 Tarry, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- address all correspondence to, , 16-755 Tarry Building, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, 312.503.1050 P, 312.908.7275 F
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Pierce AN, Christianson JA. Stress and Chronic Pelvic Pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:509-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bicer F, Altuntas CZ, Izgi K, Ozer A, Kavran M, Tuohy VK, Daneshgari F. Chronic pelvic allodynia is mediated by CCL2 through mast cells in an experimental autoimmune cystitis model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F103-13. [PMID: 25209862 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00202.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of chronic pelvic pain in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) remains unclear; autoimmunity is a possible etiology. We have recently shown that injection of a single immunogenic peptide of uroplakin 3A (UPK3A 65-84) induces experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) in female BALB/cJ mice that is unique among experimental models in accurately reflecting both the urinary symptoms and pelvic pain of IC/PBS. The aim of this project was to identify the roles of mast cells and mast cell chemoattractant/activator monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)] in the allodynia in this model. We immunized 6- to 8-wk-old female BALB/cJ mice with UPK3A 65-84 peptide and, 5-40 days later, observed increased responses to stimulation of the suprapubic abdominal and hindpaw surfaces with von Frey monofilaments compared with mice injected with adjuvant alone. Suprapubic and hindpaw tactile allodynia responses by EAC mice were blocked by instillation of lidocaine into the bladder but not by lidocaine in the uterus, confirming the bladder as the source of the hypersensitivity. Markedly increased numbers of activated mast cells and expression of CCL2 were found in the bladder after immunization with UPK3A 65-84. Hypersensitive responses were inhibited by mast cell stabilizer cromolyn sodium and antagonists of histamine receptors 1 and 2. Furthermore, BALB/cJ mice with deletion of the Ccl2 or chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 gene exhibited markedly reduced allodynia and accumulation of mast cells after UPK3A 65-84 immunization. These results show that UPK3A 65-84 immunization causes chronic visceral allodynia and suggest that it is mediated by CCL2-driven mast cell accumulation in the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Bicer
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cengiz Z Altuntas
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenan Izgi
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmet Ozer
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Michael Kavran
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vincent K Tuohy
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio;
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Zeng F, Chen H, Yang J, Wang L, Cui Y, Guan X, Wang Z, Niu J, Zu X, Qi L, Zhang X, Tang Z, Liu L. Development and validation of an animal model of prostate inflammation-induced chronic pelvic pain: evaluating from inflammation of the prostate to pain behavioral modifications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96824. [PMID: 24823660 PMCID: PMC4019557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most common type of prostatitis. Due to the lack of a suitable animal model partly, the pathogenesis for this condition is obscure. In the current study we developed and validated an animal model for nonbacterial prostatitis and prostate inflammation-induced chronic pelvic pain in rats with the use of intraprostatic injection of λ-carrageenan. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-350 g were used for the experiments. After intraprostatic injection of 3% λ-carrageenan, at different time points(after 24 h, 7 d, 14 d and 30 d of injection), radiant heat and von Frey filaments were applied to the scrotum of rats to measure the heat and mechanical thresholds respectively. Then the prostate was removed for histology, and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 protein expression was determined by Western-blot. Evans blue(50 mg/kg) was also injected intravenously to assess for plasma protein extravasation at different time points after injection of λ-carrageenan. RESULTS Compared to control group, inflamed animals showed a significant reduction in mechanical threshold (mechanical allodynia) at 24 h and 7d(p = 0.022,0.046, respectively), and a significant reduction in heat threshold (thermal hyperalgesia) at 24 h, 7d and 14 d(p = 0.014, 0.018, 0.002, respectively) in the scrotal skin. Significant increase of inflammatory cell accumulation, COX2 expression and Evans blue extravasation were observed at 24 h, 7d and 14 d after injection. CONCLUSIONS Intraprostatic λ-carrageenan injection induced neurogenic prostatitis and prostate inflammation pain, which lasted at least 2 weeks. The current model is expected to be a valuable preclinical tool to study the neurobiological mechanisms of male chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiping Niu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengyan Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Roman K, Done JD, Schaeffer AJ, Murphy SF, Thumbikat P. Tryptase-PAR2 axis in experimental autoimmune prostatitis, a model for chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Pain 2014; 155:1328-1338. [PMID: 24726923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) affects up to 15% of the male population and is characterized by pelvic pain. Mast cells are implicated in the murine experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model as key to chronic pelvic pain development. The mast cell mediator tryptase-β and its cognate receptor protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) are involved in mediating pain in other visceral disease models. Prostatic secretions and urines from CP/CPPS patients were examined for the presence of mast cell degranulation products. Tryptase-β and PAR2 expression were examined in murine EAP. Pelvic pain and inflammation were assessed in the presence or absence of PAR2 expression and upon PAR2 neutralization. Tryptase-β and carboxypeptidase A3 were elevated in CP/CPPS compared to healthy volunteers. Tryptase-β was capable of inducing pelvic pain and was increased in EAP along with its receptor PAR2. PAR2 was required for the development of chronic pelvic pain in EAP. PAR2 signaling in dorsal root ganglia led to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and calcium influx. PAR2 neutralization using antibodies attenuated chronic pelvic pain in EAP. The tryptase-PAR2 axis is an important mediator of pelvic pain in EAP and may play a role in the pathogenesis of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Roman
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
The cause of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) has yet to be established. Since the late 1980s, cytokine, chemokine, and immunological classification studies using human samples have focused on identifying biomarkers for CPPS, but no diagnostically beneficial biomarkers have been identified, and these studies have done little to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying chronic prostatic pain. Given the large number of men thought to be affected by this condition and the ineffective nature of current treatments, there is a pressing need to elucidate these mechanisms. Prostatitis types IIIa and IIIb are classified according to the presence of pain without concurrent presence of bacteria; however, it is becoming more evident that, although levels of bacteria are not directly associated with levels of pain, the presence of bacteria might act as the initiating factor that drives primary activation of mast-cell-mediated inflammation in the prostate. Mast cell activation is also known to suppress regulatory T cell (Treg) control of self-tolerance and also activate neural sensitization. This combination of established autoimmunity coupled with peripheral and central neural sensitization can result in the development of multiple symptoms, including pelvic pain and bladder irritation. Identifying these mechanisms as central mediators in CPPS offers new insight into the prospective treatment of the disease.
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Izgi K, Altuntas CZ, Bicer F, Ozer A, Sakalar C, Li X, Tuohy VK, Daneshgari F. Uroplakin peptide-specific autoimmunity initiates interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72067. [PMID: 23977210 PMCID: PMC3745386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is enigmatic. Autoimmunity and impaired urothelium might lead the underlying pathology. A major shortcoming in IC/PBS research has been the lack of an appropriate animal model. In this study, we show that the bladder specific uroplakin 3A-derived immunogenic peptide UPK3A 65–84, which contains the binding motif for IAd MHC class II molecules expressed in BALB/c mice, is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune cystitis in female mice of that strain. A highly antigen-specific recall proliferative response of lymph node cells to UPK3A 65–84 was observed, characterized by selectively activated CD4+ T cells with a proinflammatory Th1-like phenotype, including enhanced production of interferon γ and interleukin-2. T cell infiltration of the bladder and bladder-specific increased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines were observed. Either active immunization with UPK3A 65–84 or adoptive transfer of peptide-activated CD4+ T cells induced all of the predominant IC/PBS phenotypic characteristics, including increased micturition frequency, decreased urine output per micturition, and increased pelvic pain responses to stimulation with von Frey filaments. Our study demonstrates the creation of a more specific experimental autoimmune cystitis model that is the first inducible model for IC/PBS that manifests all of the major symptoms of this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Izgi
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland,, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cengiz Z. Altuntas
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fuat Bicer
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland,, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Ozer
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cagri Sakalar
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vincent K. Tuohy
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Firouz Daneshgari
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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