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Kumari R, Ponte ME, Franczak E, Prom JC, O'Neil MF, Sardiu ME, Lutkewitte AJ, Christenson LK, Shankar K, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. VCD-induced menopause mouse model reveals reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101908. [PMID: 38432400 PMCID: PMC10944007 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause adversely impacts systemic energy metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic disease(s) including hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Dosing female mice with vinyl cyclohexene dioxide (VCD) selectively causes follicular atresia in ovaries, leading to a murine menopause-like phenotype. METHODS In this study, we treated female C57BL6/J mice with VCD (160 mg/kg i.p. for 20 consecutive days followed by verification of the lack of estrous cycling) to investigate changes in body composition, energy expenditure (EE), hepatic mitochondrial function, and hepatic steatosis across different dietary conditions. RESULTS VCD treatment induced ovarian follicular loss and increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in female mice, mimicking a menopause-like phenotype. VCD treatment did not affect body composition, or EE in mice on a low-fat diet (LFD) or in response to a short-term (1-week) high-fat, high sucrose diet (HFHS). However, the transition to a HFHS lowered cage activity in VCD mice. A chronic HFHS diet (16 weeks) significantly increased weight gain, fat mass, and hepatic steatosis in VCD-treated mice compared to HFHS-fed controls. In the liver, VCD mice showed suppressed hepatic mitochondrial respiration on LFD, while chronic HFHS resulted in compensatory increases in hepatic mitochondrial respiration. Also, liver RNA sequencing revealed that VCD promoted global upregulation of hepatic lipid/cholesterol synthesis pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the VCD-induced menopause model compromises hepatic mitochondrial function and lipid/cholesterol homeostasis that sets the stage for HFHS diet-induced steatosis while also increasing susceptibility to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumari
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael E Ponte
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Edziu Franczak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John C Prom
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Maura F O'Neil
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mihaela E Sardiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew J Lutkewitte
- KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA; KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Ávila BM, Zanini BM, Luduvico KP, Hense JD, Garcia DN, Prosczek J, Stefanello FM, Mason JB, Masternak MM, Schneider A. Effect of calorie restriction on redox status during chemically induced estropause in female mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:2139-2151. [PMID: 37857995 PMCID: PMC10828157 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In females, there is a continuous decline of the ovarian reserve with age, which results in menopause in women or estropause in mice. Loss of ovarian function results in metabolic alterations in mice and women. Based on this, we aimed to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction (CR) on redox status and metabolic changes in chemically induced estropause in mice. For this, mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): cyclic ad libitum (AL), cyclic 30% CR, AL estropause, and estropause 30% CR. Estropause was induced using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) for 20 consecutive days in 2-month-old females. The CR protocol started at 5 months of age and the treatments lasted for 4 months. The CR females gained less body weight than AL females (p < 0.001) and had lower glycemic curves in response to glucose tolerance test (GTT). The AL estropause females had the highest body weight and body fat, despite having lower food intake. However, the estropause females on 30% CR lost the most body weight and had the lowest amount of body fat compared to all groups. The effect of 30% CR on redox status in fat and liver tissue was similar for cyclic and estropause females. Interestingly, estropause decreased ROS in adipose tissue, while increasing it in the liver. No significant effects of CR on redox status were observed. Chemically induced estropause did not influence the response to 30% CR on glucose tolerance and redox status; however, weight loss was exarcebated compared to cyclic females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Ávila
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 Sala 228 CEP, Pelotas, RS, 9601-610, Brazil
| | - Bianka M Zanini
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 Sala 228 CEP, Pelotas, RS, 9601-610, Brazil
| | - Karina P Luduvico
- Centro de Ciências Quimicas, Farmacêutica e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica D Hense
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 Sala 228 CEP, Pelotas, RS, 9601-610, Brazil
| | - Driele N Garcia
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 Sala 228 CEP, Pelotas, RS, 9601-610, Brazil
| | - Juliane Prosczek
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 Sala 228 CEP, Pelotas, RS, 9601-610, Brazil
| | - Francielle M Stefanello
- Centro de Ciências Quimicas, Farmacêutica e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Michal M Masternak
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 Sala 228 CEP, Pelotas, RS, 9601-610, Brazil.
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3
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Zanini BM, de Avila BM, Garcia DN, Hense JD, Veiga GB, Barreto MM, Ashiqueali S, Mason JB, Yadav H, Masternak M, Schneider A. Dynamics of serum exosome microRNA profile altered by chemically induced estropause and rescued by estrogen therapy in female mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01129-9. [PMID: 38499957 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The decline in the ovarian reserve leads to menopause and reduced serum estrogens. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression and be secreted by cells and trafficked in serum via exosomes. Serum miRNAs regulate tissue function and disease development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of mice induced to estropause and treated with 17β-estradiol (E2). Female mice were divided into three groups including control (CTL), injected with 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), and injected with VCD plus E2 (VCD + E2). Estropause was confirmed by acyclicity and a significant reduction in the number of ovarian follicles (p < 0.05). Body mass gain during estropause was higher in VCD and VCD + E2 compared to CTL females (p = 0.02). Sequencing of miRNAs was performed from exosomes extracted from serum, and 402 miRNAs were detected. Eight miRNAs were differentially regulated between CTL and VCD groups, seven miRNAs regulated between CTL and VCD + E2 groups, and ten miRNAs regulated between VCD and VCD + E2 groups. Only miR-200a-3p and miR-200b-3p were up-regulated in both serum exosomes and ovarian tissue in both VCD groups, suggesting that these exosomal miRNAs could be associated with ovarian activity. In the hepatic tissue, only miR-370-3p (p = 0.02) was up-regulated in the VCD + E2 group, as observed in serum. Our results suggest that VCD-induced estropause and E2 replacement have an impact on the profile of serum exosomal miRNAs. The miR-200 family was increased in serum exosomes and ovarian tissue and may be a candidate biomarker of ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jéssica Damé Hense
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sarah Ashiqueali
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Mason
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, and Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michal Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Salinero AE, Venkataganesh H, Abi-Ghanem C, Riccio D, Kelly RD, Gannon OJ, Sura A, Brooks HL, Zuloaga KL. Effects of High Fat Diet on Metabolic Health Vary by Age of Menopause Onset. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576269. [PMID: 38293070 PMCID: PMC10827154 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Menopause accelerates metabolic dysfunction, including (pre-)diabetes, obesity and visceral adiposity. However, the effects of endocrine vs. chronological aging in this progression are poorly understood. We hypothesize that menopause, especially in the context of middle-age, will exacerbate the metabolic effects of a high fat diet. Using young-adult and middle-aged C57BL/6J female mice, we modeled diet-induce obesity via chronic administration of high fat (HF) diet vs. control diet. We modeled peri-menopause/menopause via injections of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, which accelerates ovarian failure vs. vehicle. We performed glucose tolerance tests 2.5 and 7 months after diet onset, during the peri-menopausal and menopausal phases, respectively. Peri-menopause increased the severity of glucose intolerance and weight gain in middle-aged, HF-fed mice. Menopause increased weight gain in all mice regardless of age and diet, while chronological aging drove changes in adipose tissue distribution towards more visceral vs. subcutaneous adiposity. These data are in line with clinical data showing that post-menopausal women are more susceptible to metabolic dysfunction and suggest that greater chorological age exacerbates the effects of endocrine aging (menopause). This work highlights the importance of considering both chronological and endocrine aging in studies of metabolic health.
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Kumari R, Ponte ME, Franczak E, Prom JC, O'Neil MF, Sardiu ME, Lutkewitte AJ, Shankar K, Morris EM, Thyfault JP. VCD-induced menopause mouse model reveals reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.14.571644. [PMID: 38168213 PMCID: PMC10760158 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.14.571644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Menopause adversely impacts systemic energy metabolism and increases the risk of metabolic disease(s) including hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Dosing female mice with vinyl cyclohexene dioxide (VCD) selectively causes follicular atresia in ovaries, leading to a murine menopause-like phenotype. In this study, we treated female C57BL6/J mice with VCD (160mg/kg i.p. for 20 consecutive days followed by verification of the lack of estrous cycling) to investigate changes in body composition, energy expenditure (EE), hepatic mitochondrial function, and hepatic steatosis across different dietary conditions. VCD treatment induced ovarian follicular loss and increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in female mice, mimicking a menopause-like phenotype. VCD treatment did not affect body composition, or EE in mice on a low-fat diet or in response to a short-term (1-week) high-fat, high sucrose diet (HFHS). However, the transition to a HFHS lowered cage activity in VCD mice. A chronic HFHS diet (16 weeks) significantly increased weight gain, fat mass, and hepatic steatosis in VCD-treated mice compared to HFHS-fed controls. In the liver, VCD mice showed suppressed hepatic mitochondrial respiration on LFD, while chronic HFHS diet resulted in compensatory increases in hepatic mitochondrial respiration. Also, liver RNA sequencing revealed that VCD promoted global upregulation of hepatic lipid/cholesterol synthesis pathways. Our findings suggest that the VCD- induced menopause model compromises hepatic mitochondrial function and lipid/cholesterol homeostasis that sets the stage for HFHS diet-induced steatosis while also increasing susceptibility to obesity.
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6
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Duregon E, Fernandez ME, Martinez Romero J, Di Germanio C, Cabassa M, Voloshchuk R, Ehrlich-Mora MR, Moats JM, Wong S, Bosompra O, Rudderow A, Morrell CH, Camandola S, Price NL, Aon MA, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Prolonged fasting times reap greater geroprotective effects when combined with caloric restriction in adult female mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1179-1194.e5. [PMID: 37437544 PMCID: PMC10369303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging new evidence highlights the importance of prolonged daily fasting periods for the health and survival benefits of calorie restriction (CR) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in male mice; however, little is known about the impact of these feeding regimens in females. We placed 14-month-old female mice on five different dietary regimens, either CR or TRF with different feeding windows, and determined the effects of these regimens on physiological responses, progression of neoplasms and inflammatory diseases, serum metabolite levels, and lifespan. Compared with TRF feeding, CR elicited a robust systemic response, as it relates to energetics and healthspan metrics, a unique serum metabolomics signature in overnight fasted animals, and was associated with an increase in lifespan. These results indicate that daytime (rest-phase) feeding with prolonged fasting periods initiated late in life confer greater benefits when combined with imposed lower energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Fernandez
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jorge Martinez Romero
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Meaghan Cabassa
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Romaniya Voloshchuk
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Margaux R Ehrlich-Mora
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Moats
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Oye Bosompra
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Annamaria Rudderow
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher H Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Oropeza E, Seker S, Carrel S, Mazumder A, Lozano D, Jimenez A, VandenHeuvel SN, Noltensmeyer DA, Punturi NB, Lei JT, Lim B, Waltz SE, Raghavan SA, Bainbridge MN, Haricharan S. Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2860. [PMID: 37390209 PMCID: PMC10313178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is prerequisite for cancer formation. However, it is unknown whether the mode of dysregulation affects disease characteristics. Here, we conduct comprehensive analyses of cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation using patient data and experimental investigations. We find that ATM mutation predisposes the diagnosis of primary estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor (HER)2- cancer in older women. Conversely, CHK2 dysregulation induces formation of metastatic, premenopausal ER+/HER2- breast cancer (P = 0.001) that is treatment-resistant (HR = 6.15, P = 0.01). Lastly, while mutations in ATR alone are rare, ATR/TP53 co-mutation is 12-fold enriched over expected in ER+/HER2- disease (P = 0.002) and associates with metastatic progression (HR = 2.01, P = 0.006). Concordantly, ATR dysregulation induces metastatic phenotypes in TP53 mutant, not wild-type, cells. Overall, we identify mode of cell cycle dysregulation as a distinct event that determines subtype, metastatic potential, and treatment responsiveness, providing rationale for reconsidering diagnostic classification through the lens of the mode of cell cycle dysregulation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Oropeza
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sinem Seker
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Carrel
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aloran Mazumder
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Athena Jimenez
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nindo B. Punturi
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan T. Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology/Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Research Service, Cincinnati Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 3200 Vine St., Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Svasti Haricharan
- Aging and Cancer Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Gannon OJ, Naik JS, Riccio D, Mansour FM, Abi-Ghanem C, Salinero AE, Kelly RD, Brooks HL, Zuloaga KL. Menopause causes metabolic and cognitive impairments in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:34. [PMID: 37221553 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of women with dementia are post-menopausal. Despite clinical relevance, menopause is underrepresented in rodent models of dementia. Before menopause, women are less likely than men to experience strokes, obesity, and diabetes-known risk factors for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). During menopause, ovarian estrogen production stops and the risk of developing these dementia risk factors spikes. Here, we aimed to determine if menopause worsens cognitive impairment in VCID. We hypothesized that menopause would cause metabolic dysfunction and increase cognitive impairment in a mouse model of VCID. METHODS We performed a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion surgery to produce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and model VCID in mice. We used 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide to induce accelerated ovarian failure and model menopause. We evaluated cognitive impairment using behavioral tests including novel object recognition, Barnes maze, and nest building. To assess metabolic changes, we measured weight, adiposity, and glucose tolerance. We explored multiple aspects of brain pathology including cerebral hypoperfusion and white matter changes (commonly observed in VCID) as well as changes to estrogen receptor expression (which may mediate altered sensitivity to VCID pathology post-menopause). RESULTS Menopause increased weight gain, glucose intolerance, and visceral adiposity. VCID caused deficits in spatial memory regardless of menopausal status. Post-menopausal VCID specifically led to additional deficits in episodic-like memory and activities of daily living. Menopause did not alter resting cerebral blood flow on the cortical surface (assessed by laser speckle contrast imaging). In the white matter, menopause decreased myelin basic protein gene expression in the corpus callosum but did not lead to overt white matter damage (assessed by Luxol fast blue). Menopause did not significantly alter estrogen receptor expression (ERα, ERβ, or GPER1) in the cortex or hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have found that the accelerated ovarian failure model of menopause caused metabolic impairment and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of VCID. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying mechanism. Importantly, the post-menopausal brain still expressed estrogen receptors at normal (pre-menopausal) levels. This is encouraging for any future studies attempting to reverse the effects of estrogen loss by activating brain estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Janvie S Naik
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Febronia M Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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9
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Sui K, Yasrebi A, Longoria CR, MacDonell AT, Jaffri ZH, Martinez SA, Fisher SE, Malonza N, Jung K, Tveter KM, Wiersielis KR, Uzumcu M, Shapses SA, Campbell SC, Roepke TA, Roopchand DE. Coconut Oil Saturated Fatty Acids Improved Energy Homeostasis but not Blood Pressure or Cognition in VCD-Treated Female Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad001. [PMID: 36626144 PMCID: PMC11009791 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and osteoporosis are symptoms of postmenopause, which can be modeled using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treated mice to induce ovarian failure and estrogen deficiency combined with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The trend of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs), for example coconut oil, with seed oils that are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid (LA), may induce inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and worsen symptoms of estrogen deficiency. To investigate this hypothesis, vehicle (Veh)- or VCD-treated C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat) with a high LA:SFA ratio (22.5%: 8%), referred to as the 22.5% LA diet, or a HFD with a low LA:SFA ratio (1%: 31%), referred to as 1% LA diet, for a period of 23 to 25 weeks. Compared with VCD-treated mice fed the 22.5% LA diet, VCD-treated mice fed the 1% LA diet showed lower weight gain and improved glucose tolerance. However, VCD-treated mice fed the 1% LA diet had higher blood pressure and showed evidence of spatial cognitive impairment. Mice fed the 1% LA or 22.5% LA diets showed gut microbial taxa changes that have been associated with a mix of both beneficial and unfavorable cognitive and metabolic phenotypes. Overall, these data suggest that consuming different types of dietary fat from a variety of sources, without overemphasis on any particular type, is the optimal approach for promoting metabolic health regardless of estrogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sui
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Candace R Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Avery T MacDonell
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zehra H Jaffri
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Savannah A Martinez
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Samuel E Fisher
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Natasha Malonza
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Katie Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kevin M Tveter
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kimberly R Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mehmet Uzumcu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sara C Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Center for Human Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism Center, and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Department of Food Science, NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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10
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Lamri A, De Paoli M, De Souza R, Werstuck G, Anand S, Pigeyre M. Insight into genetic, biological, and environmental determinants of sexual-dimorphism in type 2 diabetes and glucose-related traits. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964743. [PMID: 36505380 PMCID: PMC9729955 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that sex and gender differences play an important role in risk and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Men develop T2D earlier than women, even though there is more obesity in young women than men. This difference in T2D prevalence is attenuated after the menopause. However, not all women are equally protected against T2D before the menopause, and gestational diabetes represents an important risk factor for future T2D. Biological mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences on T2D physiopathology are not yet fully understood. Sex hormones affect behavior and biological changes, and can have implications on lifestyle; thus, both sex-specific environmental and biological risk factors interact within a complex network to explain the differences in T2D risk and physiopathology in men and women. In addition, lifetime hormone fluctuations and body changes due to reproductive factors are generally more dramatic in women than men (ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and menopause). Progress in genetic studies and rodent models have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological pathways involved in the physiopathology of T2D. However, evidence of the sex-specific effects on genetic factors involved in T2D is still limited, and this gap of knowledge is even more important when investigating sex-specific differences during the life course. In this narrative review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge on the sex-specific effects of genetic factors associated with T2D over a lifetime, as well as the biological effects of these different hormonal stages on T2D risk. We will also discuss how biological insights from rodent models complement the genetic insights into the sex-dimorphism effects on T2D. Finally, we will suggest future directions to cover the knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Monica De Paoli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell De Souza
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Marie Pigeyre
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11
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Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
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12
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Metabolic and physical function are improved with lifelong 15% calorie restriction in aging male mice. Biogerontology 2022; 23:741-755. [PMID: 36315375 PMCID: PMC9722841 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic calorie restriction (CR) results in lengthened lifespan and reduced disease risk. Many previous studies have implemented 30-40% calorie restriction to investigate these benefits. The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of calorie restriction, beginning at 4 months of age, on metabolic and physical changes induced by aging. Male C57BL/6NCrl calorie restricted and ad libitum fed control mice were obtained from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and studied at 10, 18, 26, and 28 months of age to better understand the metabolic changes that occur in response to CR in middle age and advanced age. Food intake was measured in ad libitum fed controls to assess the true degree of CR (15%) in these mice. We found that 15% CR decreased body mass and liver triglyceride content, improved oral glucose clearance, and increased all limb grip strength in 10- and 18-month-old mice. Glucose clearance in ad libitum fed 26- and 28-month-old mice is enhanced relative to younger mice but was not further improved by CR. CR decreased basal insulin concentrations in all age groups and improved insulin sensitivity and rotarod time to fall in 28-month-old mice. The results of our study demonstrate that even a modest reduction (15%) in caloric intake may improve metabolic and physical health. Thus, moderate calorie restriction may be a dietary intervention to promote healthy aging with improved likelihood for adherence in human populations.
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13
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Singh P, Reza MI, Syed AA, Garg R, Husain A, Katekar R, Goand UK, Riyazuddin M, Gupta AP, Gayen JR. PSTi8 with metformin ameliorates perimenopause induced steatohepatitis associated ER stress by regulating SIRT-1/SREBP-1c axis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05826. [PMID: 33426334 PMCID: PMC7779780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Hepatic steatosis in women confronting menopause is the manifestation of substantial fructose consumption and forms a positive feedback loop to develop endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Previously pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) and Metformin (Met) combination effectively ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in high fructose diet (HFrD) fed diabetic mice models at reduced doses. Moreover, SIRT-1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of SREBP-1c. Hence we hypothesized that Met and PSTi8 in combination (at therapeutic lower doses) could mitigate hepatic steatosis linked ER stress by activating SIRT-1 and precluding SREBP-1c in HFrD fed 4-Vinylcyclohexenediepoxide (HVCD) induced perimenopausal rats. Main methods HVCD rats were fed HFrD for 12 weeks, accompanied by 14 days of treatment with Met, PSTi8, and combination. We confirmed model establishment by estrus cycle study, estradiol level, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Plasma lipid profile and liver function were determined. Also, mRNA and protein expressions were examined. Moreover, distribution of SIRT-1 and SREBP-1c was detected in HepG2 cells by immunofluorescence staining. Key findings HVCD group displayed augmented insulin resistance (IR), lipogenesis, and ER stress in the liver. Combination therapy improved the estrus cyclicity, estradiol, and lipid profile of HVCD rats. Met and PSTi8 combination reduced hepatic SREBP-1c and triggered SIRT-1 expression in high fructose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells; consequently, combination therapy attenuated ER stress. Significance Succinctly, present research promotes impetus concerning the remedial impact of Met with PSTi8 at lower therapeutic doses to ameliorate hepatic IR, steatosis, and associated ER stress by revamping the SIRT-1/SREBP-1c axis in perimenopausal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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Diminished Ovarian Reserve Chemotherapy-Induced Mouse Model: A Tool for the Preclinical Assessment of New Therapies for Ovarian Damage. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1609-1619. [PMID: 32430713 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) are primary factors leading to infertility. However, there is a lack of appropriate animal models of DOR usable for assessing new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether chemotherapy treatment in mice could reproduce features similar of that observed in women with DOR. Twenty-one Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) female mice were allocated to 3 groups (n = 7/group): control, single dose of vehicle (Dimethyl Sulfoxide [DMSO]); DOR, single reduced chemotherapy dose; and POI, single standard chemotherapy dose. After 21 days, mice underwent ovarian hyperstimulation and mating. Part of the animals were harvested to analyze ovarian reserve, ovulation and fertilization rates, and morphology, apoptosis, and vascularization of the ovarian stroma. The remaining mice underwent multiple matings to assess pregnancy rates and litter sizes. The DOR and POI mice showed an impaired estrous cyclicity and a decrease in ovarian mass, number of follicles, Metaphase II (MII) oocytes, and embryos as well as in ovarian stroma vascularization. Mice in both models showed also an increase in the percentage of morphologically abnormal follicles, stromal degeneration, and apoptosis. Similar to that observed in DOR and POI patients, these impairments were less severe in DOR than in POI mice. None of the POI females were able to achieve a pregnancy. Meanwhile, DOR females achieved several consecutive pregnancies, although litter size was decreased when compared to controls. In conclusion, a mouse model which displayed most of the ovarian characteristics and fertility outcomes of women with DOR has been established using a single dose of chemotherapy.
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15
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Sawyer TW, Koevary JW, Howard CC, Austin OJ, Rice PS, Hutchens GV, Chambers SK, Connolly DC, Barton JK. Fluorescence and Multiphoton Imaging for Tissue Characterization of a Model of Postmenopausal Ovarian Cancer. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:993-1009. [PMID: 32311117 PMCID: PMC7572562 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of targeted fluorescent biomarkers and multiphoton imaging to characterize early changes in ovarian tissue with the onset of cancer. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A transgenic TgMISIIR-TAg mouse was used as an animal model for ovarian cancer. Mice were injected with fluorescent dyes to bind to the folate receptor α, matrix metalloproteinases, and integrins. Half of the mice were treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) to simulate menopause. Widefield fluorescence imaging (WFI) and multiphoton imaging of the ovaries and oviducts were conducted at 4 and 8 weeks of age. The fluorescence signal magnitude was quantified, and texture features were derived from multiphoton imaging. Linear discriminant analysis was then used to classify mouse groups. RESULTS Imaging features from both fluorescence imaging and multiphoton imaging show significant changes (P < 0.01) with age, VCD treatment, and genotype. The classification model is able to classify different groups to accuracies of 75.53%, 69.53%, and 86.76%, for age, VCD treatment, and genotype, respectively. Building a classification model using features from multiple modalities shows marked improvement over individual modalities. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that using WFI with targeted biomarkers, and multiphoton imaging with endogenous contrast shows promise for detecting early changes in ovarian tissue with the onset of cancer. The results indicate that multimodal imaging can provide higher sensitivity for classifying tissue types than using single modalities alone. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. W. Sawyer
- James C Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - J. W. Koevary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C. C. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - O. J. Austin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - P. S. Rice
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - G. V. Hutchens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S. K. Chambers
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - J. K. Barton
- James C Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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16
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Park JM, Lee YJ. Serum oestradiol levels are inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels in premenopausal women, but not postmenopausal women. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520961228. [PMID: 33044103 PMCID: PMC7556179 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520961228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies on the association of serum oestradiol levels and inflammatory markers have reported inconsistent and conflicting results. Therefore, we investigated the association between serum oestradiol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in women on the basis of their menopausal status. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined the association between serum oestradiol and CRP levels on the basis of menopausal status in 151 premenopausal women aged 42.7 ± 6.7 years and 394 postmenopausal women aged 58.1 ± 6.7 years who participated in a health examination program. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using CRP levels as the dependent variable. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum oestradiol levels were inversely associated with CRP levels in premenopausal women (β coefficient = -0.298) after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, mean arterial pressure, and levels of fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. However, this association was not found in postmenopausal women after adjusting for the same confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Serum oestradiol levels are inversely associated with CRP levels in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women. Lower oestrogenic activity may at least partly contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, particularly in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Velasco M, Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Larqué C, Sánchez-Zamora YI, Romo-Yáñez J, Hiriart M. Sexual dimorphism in insulin resistance in a metabolic syndrome rat model. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:890-902. [PMID: 33069157 PMCID: PMC7583132 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the sex-specific differences in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue, in a MS rat model induced by a high sucrose diet. METHODS Male, female, and ovariectomized female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in control and high-sucrose diet (HSD) groups, supplemented for 24 weeks with 20% sucrose in the drinking water. At the end, we assessed parameters related to MS, analyzing the effects of the HSD on critical nodes of the insulin signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue. RESULTS At the end of the treatment, HSD groups of both sexes developed obesity, with a 15, 33 and 23% of body weight gain in male, female, and OVX groups respectively, compared with controls; mainly related to hypertrophy of peripancreatic and gonadal adipose tissue. They also developed hypertriglyceridemia, and liver steatosis, with the last being worse in the HSD females. Compared to the control groups, HSD rats had higher IL1B and TNFA levels and insulin resistance. HSD females were more intolerant to glucose than HSD males. Our observations suggest that insulin resistance mechanisms include an increase in phosphorylated AKT(S473) form in HSD male and female groups and a decrease in phosphorylated P70S6K1(T389) in the HSD male groups from peripancreatic adipose tissue. While in gonadal adipose tissue the phosphorylated form of AKT decreased in HSD females, but not in HSD males. Finally, HSD groups showed a reduction in p-AKT levels in gastrocnemius muscle. CONCLUSION A high-sucrose diet induces MS and insulin resistance with sex-associated differences and in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrian Velasco
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Velasco or M Hiriart: or
| | - Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Romo-Yáñez
- Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología ‘Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Velasco or M Hiriart: or
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18
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Ovariectomized rodents as a menopausal metabolic syndrome model. A minireview. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:261-276. [PMID: 32852713 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral ovariectomy is the best characterized and the most reported animal model of human menopause. Ovariectomized rodents develop insulin resistance (IR) and visceral obesity, the main risk factors in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS). These alterations are a consequence of hypoestrogenic status, which produces an augment of visceral fat, high testosterone levels (hyperandrogenism), as well as inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic complications, such as dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and endothelial dysfunction, among others. Clinical trials have reported that menopause per se increases the severity and incidence of MS, and causes the highest mortality due to cardiovascular disease in women. Despite all the evidence, there are no reports that clarify the influence of estrogenic deficiency as a cause of MS. In this review, we provide evidence that ovariectomized rodents can be used as a menopausal metabolic syndrome model for evaluating and discovering new, safe, and effective therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cardiometabolic complications associated to MS during menopause.
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19
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Ahmadian S, Sheshpari S, Pazhang M, Bedate AM, Beheshti R, Abbasi MM, Nouri M, Rahbarghazi R, Mahdipour M. Intra-ovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma into ovarian tissue promoted rejuvenation in the rat model of premature ovarian insufficiency and restored ovulation rate via angiogenesis modulation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:78. [PMID: 32758249 PMCID: PMC7405361 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is viewed as a type of infertility in which the menopausal status occurs before the physiological age. Several therapeutic strategies have been introduced in clinic for POI treatment, although the outputs are not fully convincing. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a unique blood product widely applied in regenerative medicine, which is based on the releasing of the growth factors present in platelets α-granules. In the current investigation, we examined the effectiveness of PRP as a therapeutic alternative for POI animals. POI in Wistar albino rats was induced by daily intraperitoneal (IP) administration of gonadotoxic chemical agent, 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide (VCD) (160 mg/ kg) for 15 consecutive days. After POI induction, the PRP solution was directly injected intra-ovarian in two concentrations via a surgical intervention. Every two weeks post-injection, pathological changes were monitored in the ovaries using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining method, until eight weeks. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) content in serum was measured, together with the expression of the angiogenic-related transcripts ANGPT2 and KDR by real-time qPCR. Furthermore the fertility status of the treated rats was evaluated by mating trials. Histopathological examination revealed successful POI induction via the depletion of morphologically normal follicles in rats following VCD treatment compared to the control rats. The injection of PRP at two concentrations reduced the number and extent of the follicular atresia and inflammatory responses (p < 0.05). The expression of both ANGPT2 and KDR transcripts were significantly increased in POI rats due to enhanced inflammation, while these values were modulated after PRP administration (p < 0.05) compared to POI rats. FSH showed a decreased trend in concentration eight weeks after PRP treatment, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, a clear improvement in litter counts was found in POI rats receiving PRP compared to the non-treated POI group, being able to consider PRP as a facile, quick, accessible, safe and relatively cheap alternative therapeutic strategy to revert POI-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ahmadian
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5138663134, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 537517169, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sheshpari
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5138947977, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 537517169, Iran
| | - Alberto Miranda Bedate
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology (LTI), Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, (UMCU), Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rahim Beheshti
- Department of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, 5381637181, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran.
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166653431, Iran.
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20
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Wu X, Huang J, Shen C, Liu Y, He S, Sun J, Yu B. NRF2 deficiency increases obesity susceptibility in a mouse menopausal model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228559. [PMID: 32045430 PMCID: PMC7012419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of metabolic abnormalities in menopausal women increases significantly due to the decline in estrogen level. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is an important oxidative stress sensor that plays regulatory role in energy metabolism. Therefore, an ovariectomized menopausal model in Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice was applied to evaluate the effect of Nrf2 deficiency on metabolism in menopausal females. The mice were divided into four groups according to their genotypes and treatments. Blood samples and bodyweights were obtained preoperatively and in the first to ninth postoperative weeks after overnight fasting. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose (GLU) were measured at postoperative weeks 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) was analyzed in brain tissues after sacrifice at postoperative week 9. The results demonstrated that, compared with the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice, KO ovariectomized mice had a greater bodyweight gain (P<0.01). Serum analysis showed that the serum GLU, T-CHO, and TG were significantly lower (P<0.05) but LDL was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the KO control mice than that in WT control mice. However, different from the WT counterparts, an increase in blood GLU level (P<0.05), unchanged T-CHO, TG, and HDL levels, and a significant reduction in LDL (P<0.01) was found in the KO ovariectomized mice. In addition, the level of 5-HT was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the KO mice after ovariectomy. In conclusion, the combination of Nrf2 deletion and a decline in estrogen level induced a significant increase in bodyweight, which may be associated with their altered glucose and LDL metabolism and decreased 5-HT levels. From a clinical perspective, women with antioxidant defense deficiency may have an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeling Liu
- Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie He
- Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junquan Sun
- Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Valicherla GR, Gupta AP, Hossain Z, Riyazuddin M, Syed AA, Husain A, Lahiri S, Dave KM, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor, PSTi8 ameliorates metabolic health by modulating AKT/GSK-3β and PKCλ/ζ/SREBP1c pathways in high fat diet induced insulin resistance in peri-/post-menopausal rats. Peptides 2019; 120:170147. [PMID: 31473204 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in peri-/post-menopause women is mainly due to hormone deficiency and lifestyle. PSTi8 (PEGKGEQEHSQQKEEEEEMAV-amide) is a pancreastatin inhibitor peptide which showed potent antidiabetic activity in genetic and lifestyle induced type 2 diabetic mice. In the present work, we have investigated the antidiabetic activity of PSTi8 in rat models of peri-/post-menopausal IR. 4-vinylcyclohexenediepoxide treated and ovariectomized rats were fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks to develop the peri-/post-menopausal IR. PSTi8 peptide was administered after the development of peri-/post-menopausal IR rats. PSTi8 (1 mg/kg, i.p) improved the glucose homeostasis which is characterized by elevated glycogenesis, enhanced glycolysis and reduced gluconeogenesis. PSTi8 suppressed palmitate- and PST- induced IR in HepG2 cells. PSTi8 treatment enhanced energy expenditure in peri-/post-menopausal IR rats. PSTi8 treatment increased insulin sensitivity in peri-/post-menopausal IR rats, may be mediated by modulating IRS1-2-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT-GSK3β and IRS1-2-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-PKCλ/ζ-SREBP1c signaling pathways in the liver. PSTi8 can act as a potential therapeutic peptide for the treatment of peri-/post-menopausal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru R Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Kandarp M Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raibarelly, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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22
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Sawyer TW, Koevary JW, Rice FPS, Howard CC, Austin OJ, Connolly DC, Cai KQ, Barton JK. Quantification of multiphoton and fluorescence images of reproductive tissues from a mouse ovarian cancer model shows promise for early disease detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-16. [PMID: 31571434 PMCID: PMC6768507 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.096010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer due predominantly to late diagnosis. Early detection of ovarian cancer can increase 5-year survival rates from 40% up to 92%, yet no reliable early detection techniques exist. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a relatively new imaging technique sensitive to endogenous fluorophores, which has tremendous potential for clinical diagnosis, though it is limited in its application to the ovaries. Wide-field fluorescence imaging (WFI) has been proposed as a complementary technique to MPM, as it offers high-resolution imagery of the entire organ and can be tailored to target specific biomarkers that are not captured by MPM imaging. We applied texture analysis to MPM images of a mouse model of ovarian cancer. We also conducted WFI targeting the folate receptor and matrix metalloproteinases. We find that texture analysis of MPM images of the ovary can differentiate between genotypes, which is a proxy for disease, with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). The wide-field fluorescence signal also changes significantly between genotypes (p < 0.01). We use the features to classify multiple tissue groups to over 80% accuracy. These results suggest that MPM and WFI are promising techniques for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Sawyer
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Jennifer W. Koevary
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Faith P. S. Rice
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Caitlin C. Howard
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Olivia J. Austin
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jennifer K. Barton, E-mail:
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23
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Fernandes RD, Hall A, Ferguson M, Lorenzen‐Schmidt I, Balasubramaniam V, Pyle WG. Cardiac changes during the peri-menopausal period in a VCD-induced murine model of ovarian failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13290. [PMID: 31050200 PMCID: PMC7379283 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is lower in pre-menopausal females vs age matched males. After menopause risk equals or exceeds that of males. CVD protection of pre-menopausal females is ascribed to high circulating oestrogen levels. Despite experimental evidence that oestrogen are cardioprotective, oestrogen replacement therapy trials have not shown clear benefits. One hypothesis to explain the discrepancy proposed hearts remodel during peri-menopause. Peri-menopasual myocardial changes have never been investigated, nor has the ability of oestrogen to regulate heart function during peri-menopause. METHODS We injected female mice with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg/d IP) to cause gradual ovarian failure over 120d and act as a peri-menopausal model RESULTS: Left ventricular function assessed by Langendorff perfusion found no changes in VCD-injected mice at 60 or 120 days compared to intact mice. Cardiac myofilament activity was altered at 60 and 120 days indicating a molecular remodelling in peri-menopause. Myocardial TGF-β1 increased at 60 days post-VCD treatment along with reduced Akt phosphorylation. Acute activation of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) or -β (ERβ) depressed left ventricular contractility in hearts from intact mice. ER-regulation of myocardial and myofilament function, and myofilament phosphorylation, were disrupted in the peri-menopausal model. Disruption occurred without alterations in total ERα or ERβ expression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate remodelling of the heart in a model of peri-menopause, along with a disruption in ER-dependent regulation of the heart. These data indicate that oestrogen replacement therapy initiated after menopause affects a heart that is profoundly different from that found in reproductively intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Melissa Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - W. Glen Pyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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24
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Park JM, Lee HS, Oh J, Lee YJ. Serum Testosterone Level Within Normal Range Is Positively Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Premenopausal but Not Postmenopausal Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 28:1077-1082. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joowon Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ahmadian S, Sheshpari S, Mahdipour M, Pazhang M, Tsai PSJ, Nouri M, Rahbarghazi R, Shahnazi M. Toxic effects of VCD on kidneys and liver tissues: a histopathological and biochemical study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:446. [PMID: 31331386 PMCID: PMC6647313 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored detrimental effects of VCD on non-ovarian tissues such as kidneys and liver 14 days post-drug administration. Twelve rats were randomly assigned into two groups. In VCD group, rats received 160 mg/kgbw VCD intraperitoneally for 15 consequent days. Control rats were injected with VCD-free normal saline. At the respective time point, rats were euthanized, blood and tissue samples were collected. H&E staining was performed to evaluate pathological changes. Serum level of ALT, AST, creatinine and urea were also measured. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed hyperemia and follicular atresia in the ovaries, indicating successful POF induction in rats. In renal tissue, extensive tubular necrosis, focal hemorrhage, hyaline casts, and interstitial nephritis were observed. Analysis of hepatic tissue showed numerous hemorrhagic foci, chronic cholangitis, and hepatocyte necrosis, indicating apparent VCD toxicity of both hepatic and renal tissues. The biochemical evaluation revealed a tendency of increase in ALT, AST, creatinine, and Urea in VCD-treated rats; however, the values did not reach significant level. In conclusion, the induction of POF in rats by VCD correlates with renal and hepatic damages. Commensurate with data from this study, any conclusions from experiments based on VCD-induced premature ovarian failure rats should be reported with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ahmadian
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sheshpari
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pei-Shiue Jason Tsai
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research, National Taiwan University/NTU, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University/NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shahnazi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St., Tabriz, Iran.
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26
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Buigues A, Marchante M, Herraiz S, Pellicer A. Diminished Ovarian Reserve Chemotherapy-Induced Mouse Model: A Tool for the Preclinical Assessment of New Therapies for Ovarian Damage. Reprod Sci 2019:1933719119831784. [PMID: 30791852 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119831784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) are primary factors leading to infertility. However, there is a lack of appropriate animal models of DOR usable for assessing new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether chemotherapy treatment in mice could reproduce features similar of that observed in women with DOR. Twenty-one Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) female mice were allocated to 3 groups (n = 7/group): control, single dose of vehicle (Dimethyl Sulfoxide [DMSO]); DOR, single reduced chemotherapy dose; and POI, single standard chemotherapy dose. After 21 days, mice underwent ovarian hyperstimulation and mating. Part of the animals were harvested to analyze ovarian reserve, ovulation and fertilization rates, and morphology, apoptosis, and vascularization of the ovarian stroma. The remaining mice underwent multiple matings to assess pregnancy rates and litter sizes. The DOR and POI mice showed an impaired estrous cyclicity and a decrease in ovarian mass, number of follicles, Metaphase II (MII) oocytes, and embryos as well as in ovarian stroma vascularization. Mice in both models showed also an increase in the percentage of morphologically abnormal follicles, stromal degeneration, and apoptosis. Similar to that observed in DOR and POI patients, these impairments were less severe in DOR than in POI mice. None of the POI females were able to achieve a pregnancy. Meanwhile, DOR females achieved several consecutive pregnancies, although litter size was decreased when compared to controls. In conclusion, a mouse model which displayed most of the ovarian characteristics and fertility outcomes of women with DOR has been established using a single dose of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Buigues
- 1 IVI Foundation, Valencia Spain
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Marchante
- 1 IVI Foundation, Valencia Spain
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Herraiz
- 1 IVI Foundation, Valencia Spain
- 3 Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- 4 IVI-RMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- 1 IVI Foundation, Valencia Spain
- 3 Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- 5 IVI-RMA Rome, Rome, Italy
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27
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Charni-Natan M, Aloni-Grinstein R, Osher E, Rotter V. Liver and Steroid Hormones-Can a Touch of p53 Make a Difference? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:374. [PMID: 31244779 PMCID: PMC6581675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the main metabolic organ in the body, serving as a significant hormonal secretory gland and functioning to maintain hormone balance and homeostasis. Steroid hormones regulate various biological pathways, mainly in the reproductive system and in many metabolic processes. The liver, as well as steroid hormones, contribute significantly, through functional intertwine, to homeostasis maintenance, and proper responses during stress. Malfunction of either has a significant impact on the other and may lead to severe liver diseases as well as to several endocrine syndromes. Thus, the regulation on liver functions as on steroid hormones levels and activities is well-controlled. p53, the well-known tumor suppressor gene, was recently found to regulate metabolism and general homeostasis processes, particularly within the liver. Moreover, p53 was shown to be involved in steroid hormones regulation. In this review, we discuss the bi-directional regulation of the liver and the steroid hormones pointing to p53 as a novel regulator in this axis. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this axis may help to prevent and treat related disease, especially with the increasing exposure of the population to environmental steroid hormones and steroid hormone-based medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Charni-Natan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Etty Osher
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Institute of Endocrinology Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Varda Rotter
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28
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Sawyer TW, Rice PFS, Sawyer DM, Koevary JW, Barton JK. Evaluation of segmentation algorithms for optical coherence tomography images of ovarian tissue. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2019; 6:014002. [PMID: 30746391 PMCID: PMC6350616 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.6.1.014002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the lowest survival rate among all gynecologic cancers predominantly due to late diagnosis. Early detection of ovarian cancer can increase 5-year survival rates from 40% up to 92%, yet no reliable early detection techniques exist. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique that provides depth-resolved, high-resolution images of biological tissue in real-time and demonstrates great potential for imaging of ovarian tissue. Mouse models are crucial to quantitatively assess the diagnostic potential of OCT for ovarian cancer imaging; however, due to small organ size, the ovaries must first be separated from the image background using the process of segmentation. Manual segmentation is time-intensive, as OCT yields three-dimensional data. Furthermore, speckle noise complicates OCT images, frustrating many processing techniques. While much work has investigated noise-reduction and automated segmentation for retinal OCT imaging, little has considered the application to the ovaries, which exhibit higher variance and inhomogeneity than the retina. To address these challenges, we evaluate a set of algorithms to segment OCT images of mouse ovaries. We examine five preprocessing techniques and seven segmentation algorithms. While all preprocessing methods improve segmentation, Gaussian filtering is most effective, showing an improvement of 32 % ± 1.2 % . Of the segmentation algorithms, active contours performs best, segmenting with an accuracy of 94.8 % ± 1.2 % compared with manual segmentation. Even so, further optimization could lead to maximizing the performance for segmenting OCT images of the ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Sawyer
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Photini F. S. Rice
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Jennifer W. Koevary
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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29
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Sawyer TW, Chandra S, Rice PFS, Koevary JW, Barton JK. Three-dimensional texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images of ovarian tissue. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:235020. [PMID: 30511664 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaefd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the lowest survival rate among all gynecologic cancers due to predominantly late diagnosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been applied successfully to experimentally image the ovaries in vivo; however, a robust method for analysis is still required to provide quantitative diagnostic information. Recently, texture analysis has proved to be a useful tool for tissue characterization; unfortunately, existing work in the scope of OCT ovarian imaging is limited to only analyzing 2D sub-regions of the image data, discarding information encoded in the full image area, as well as in the depth dimension. Here we address these challenges by testing three implementations of texture analysis for the ability to classify tissue type. First, we test the traditional case of extracted 2D regions of interest; then we extend this to include the entire image area by segmenting the organ from the background. Finally, we conduct a full volumetric analysis of the image volume using 3D segmented data. For each case, we compute features based on the Grey-Level Co-occurence Matrix and also by introducing a new approach that evaluates the frequency distribution in the image by computing the energy density. We test these methods on a mouse model of ovarian cancer to differentiate between age, genotype, and treatment. The results show that the 3D application of texture analysis is most effective for differentiating tissue types, yielding an average classification accuracy of 78.6%. This is followed by the analysis in 2D with the segmented image volume, yielding an average accuracy of 71.5%. Both of these improve on the traditional approach of extracting square regions of interest, which yield an average classification accuracy of 67.7%. Thus, applying texture analysis in 3D with a fully segmented image volume is the most robust approach to quantitatively characterizing ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Sawyer
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, AZ, United States of America
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Gannon OJ, Robison LS, Custozzo AJ, Zuloaga KL. Sex differences in risk factors for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment & dementia. Neurochem Int 2018; 127:38-55. [PMID: 30471324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common cause of dementia. While males overall appear to be at a slightly higher risk for VCID throughout most of the lifespan (up to age 85), some risk factors for VCID more adversely affect women. These include female-specific risk factors associated with pregnancy related disorders (e.g. preeclampsia), menopause, and poorly timed hormone replacement. Further, presence of certain co-morbid risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, also may more adversely affect women than men. In contrast, some risk factors more greatly affect men, such as hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and heart disease. Further, stroke, one of the leading risk factors for VCID, has a higher incidence in men than in women throughout much of the lifespan, though this trend is reversed at advanced ages. This review will highlight the need to take biological sex and common co-morbidities for VCID into account in both preclinical and clinical research. Given that there are currently no treatments available for VCID, it is critical that we understand how to mitigate risk factors for this devastating disease in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - L S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - A J Custozzo
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| | - K L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Palmisano BT, Zhu L, Eckel RH, Stafford JM. Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 15:45-55. [PMID: 29858147 PMCID: PMC6066747 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) relative to men. Women have fewer cardiovascular complications of obesity compared to men with obesity. Endogenous estrogens have been proposed as a mechanism that lessens ASCVD risk, as risk of glucose and lipid abnormalities increases when endogenous estrogens decline with menopause. While baseline risk is higher in males than females, endogenously produced androgens are also protective against fatty liver, diabetes and ASCVD, as risk goes up with androgen deprivation and with the decline in androgens with age. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss evidence of how endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches impact fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence metabolic and cardiovascular risk. We also discuss potential reasons for why treatment strategies with estrogens and androgens in older individuals fail to fully recapitulate the effects of endogenous sex hormones. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The pathways that confer ASCVD protection for women are of potential therapeutic relevance. Despite protection relative to men, ASCVD is still the major cause of mortality in women. Additionally, diabetic women have similar ASCVD risk as diabetic men, suggesting that the presence of diabetes may offset the protective cardiovascular effects of being female through unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Palmisano
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
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Mishra B, Lawson GW, Ripperdan R, Ortiz L, Luderer U. Charged-Iron-Particles Found in Galactic Cosmic Rays are Potent Inducers of Epithelial Ovarian Tumors. Radiat Res 2018; 190:142-150. [PMID: 29781764 DOI: 10.1667/rr15028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts traveling in deep space are exposed to high-charge and energy (HZE) particles from galactic cosmic rays. We have previously determined that irradiation of adult female mice with iron HZE particles induces DNA double-strand breaks, oxidative damage and apoptosis in ovarian follicles, causing premature ovarian failure. These effects occur at lower doses than with conventional photon irradiation. Ovarian failure with resultant loss of negative feedback and elevated levels of gonadotropin hormones is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that charged-iron-particle irradiation induces ovarian tumorigenesis in mice. In this study, three-month-old female mice were exposed to 0 cGy (sham) or 50 cGy iron ions and aged to 18 months. The 50 cGy irradiated mice had increased weight gain with age and lack of estrous cycling, consistent with ovarian failure. A total of 47% and 7% of mice irradiated with 50 cGy had unilateral and bilateral ovarian tumors, respectively, whereas 14% of mice in the 0 cGy group had unilateral tumors. The tumors contained multiple tubular structures, which were lined with cells positive for the epithelial marker cytokeratin, and had few proliferating cells. In some tumors, packets of cells between the tubular structures were immunopositive for the granulosa cell marker FOXL2. Based on these findings, tumors were diagnosed as tubular adenomas or mixed tubular adenoma/granulosa cell tumors. In conclusion, charged-iron-particle-radiation induces ovarian tumors in mice, raising concerns about ovarian tumors as late sequelae of deep space travel in female astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Mishra
- Departments of a Medicine.,d Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Gregory W Lawson
- e Office for Laboratory Animal Care, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7150
| | | | | | - Ulrike Luderer
- Departments of a Medicine.,b Developmental and Cell Biology.,c Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92617
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Lopez-Pier MA, Lipovka Y, Koppinger MP, Harris PR, Konhilas JP. The clinical impact of estrogen loss on cardiovascular disease in menopausal females. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2018; 6:1663. [PMID: 32149188 PMCID: PMC7059770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the CDC (2017), more women than men have died from heart disease over the last 20-25 years. On the contrary, premenopausal women are protected against heart and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to men. Following menopause, there is sharp rise in CVD mortality and morbidity in women compared to men indicating that women lose protection against CVD during menopause. This loss of CVD protection in women drives the CDC statistics. Life expectance of women has now reached 82 (almost 35 years longer than at the turn of the 20th century). Yet, women typically undergo menopause at 50-60 years of age, which means that women spend over 40% of their life in menopause. Therefore, menopausal women, and associated CVD risk, must be considered as distinct from an aging or senescent woman. Despite longstanding knowledge that premenopausal women are protected from CVD, our fundamental understanding regarding the shift in CVD risk with menopause remains inadequate and impedes our ability to develop sex-specific therapeutic strategies to combat menopausal susceptibility to CVD. This review provides a critical overview of clinical trials attempting to address CVD susceptibility postmenopausal using hormone replacement therapy. Next, we outline key deficiencies in pre-clinical menopause models and introduce an alternative to overcome these deficiencies. Finally, we discuss a novel connection between AMPK and estrogen-dependent pathways that may serve as a potential solution to increased CVD susceptibility in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Lopez-Pier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
- The BIO5 Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
| | - Yulia Lipovka
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A. Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
| | - Matthew P Koppinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
| | - Preston R Harris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
- The BIO5 Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A. Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A
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Huber DA, Bazilio D, Lorenzon F, Sehnem S, Pacheco L, Anselmo-Franci JA, Lima FB. Cardiovascular Autonomic Responses in the VCD Rat Model of Menopause: Effects of Short- and Long-Term Ovarian Failure. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1093-1105. [PMID: 29025323 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117734318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
After menopause, hypertension elevates the risk of cardiac diseases, one of the major causes of women's morbidity. The gradual depletion of ovarian follicles in rats, induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), is a model for studying the physiology of menopause. 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide treatment leads to early ovarian failure (OF) and a hormonal profile comparable to menopause in humans. We have hypothesized that OF can compromise the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic tones of the cardiovascular system, shifting toward dominance of the former. We aimed to study the autonomic modulation of heart and blood vessels and the cardiovascular reflexes in rats presenting short-term (80 days) or long-term (180 days) OF induced by VCD. Twenty-eight-day-old Wistar rats were submitted to VCD treatment (160 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle (control) for 15 consecutive days and experiments were conducted at 80 or 180 days after the onset of treatment. Long-term OF led to an increase in the sympathetic activity to blood vessels and an impairment in the baroreflex control of the heart, evoked by physiological changes in arterial pressure. Despite that, long-term OF did not cause hypertension during the 180 days of exposure. Short-term OF did not cause any deleterious effect on the cardiovascular parameters analyzed. These data indicate that long-term OF does not disrupt the maintenance of arterial pressure homeostasis in rats but worsens the autonomic cardiovascular control. In turn, this can lead to cardiovascular complications, especially when associated with the aging process seen during human menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitila A Huber
- 1 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade, Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Darlan Bazilio
- 1 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade, Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Lorenzon
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sibele Sehnem
- 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pacheco
- 1 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade, Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- 3 Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Lima
- 1 Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade, Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,2 Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Battiston FG, Dos Santos C, Barbosa AM, Sehnem S, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR, Anselmo-Franci JA, Lima FB, Rafacho A. Glucose homeostasis in rats treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is not worsened by dexamethasone treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:170-181. [PMID: 27264932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
4-vinilcyclohexene diepoxide (4-VCD) causes premature ovarian failure and may result in estrogen deficiency, characterizing the transition to estropause in rodents (equivalent to menopause in women). Estropause/menopause is associated with metabolic derangements such as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to exert diabetogenic effects. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether rats with premature ovarian failure are more prone to the diabetogenic effects of GC. For this, immature female rats received daily injections of 4-VCD [160mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally (i.p.)] for 15 consecutive days, whereas control rats received vehicle. After 168days of the completion of 4-VCD administration, rats were divided into 4 groups: CTL-received daily injections of saline (1mL/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5days; DEX-received daily injections of dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5days; VCD-treated as CTL group; VCD+DEX-treated as DEX group. Experiments and euthanasia occurred one day after the last dexamethasone injection. 4-VCD-treated rats exhibited ovary hypotrophy and reduced number of preantral follicles (p<0.05). Premature ovarian failure had no impact on the body weight gain or food intake, but both were reduced by the effects of dexamethasone. The increase in blood glucose, plasma insulin and triacylglycerol levels as well as the reduction in insulin sensitivity caused by dexamethasone treatment was not exacerbated in the VCD+DEX group of rats. Premature ovarian failure did change neither the hepatic content of glycogen and triacylglycerol nor the glycerol release from perigonadal adipose tissue. Glucose intolerance was observed in the VCD group after an ipGTT (p<0.05), but not after an oral glucose challenge. Glucose intolerance and compensatory pancreatic β-cell mass caused by GC were not modified by ovarian failure in the VCD+DEX group. We conclude that reduced ovarian function has no major implications on the diabetogenic effects promoted by GC treatment, indicating that other factors related to aging may make rats more vulnerable to GC side effects on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Garghetti Battiston
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Marreiro Barbosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sibele Sehnem
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Palmisano BT, Zhu L, Stafford JM. Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:227-256. [PMID: 29224098 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic heart disease associated with obesity relative to men. Sex hormones have been proposed as a mechanism that differentiates this risk. In this review, we discuss the literature around how the endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches after menopause regulate fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence cardiovascular risk.The important regulatory functions of estrogen signaling pathways with regard to lipid metabolism have been in part obscured by clinical trials with hormone treatment of women after menopause, due to different formulations, routes of delivery, and pairings with progestins. Oral hormone treatment with several estrogen preparations increases VLDL triglyceride production. Progestins oppose this effect by stimulating VLDL clearance in both humans and animals. Transdermal estradiol preparations do not increase VLDL production or serum triglycerides.Many aspects of sex differences in atherosclerotic heart disease risk are influenced by the distributed actions of estrogens in the muscle, adipose, and liver. In humans, 17β-estradiol (E2) is the predominant circulating estrogen and signals through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Over 1000 human liver genes display a sex bias in their expression, and the top biological pathways are in lipid metabolism and genes related to cardiovascular disease. Many of these genes display variation depending on estrus cycling in the mouse. Future directions will likely rely on targeting estrogens to specific tissues or specific aspects of the signaling pathways in order to recapitulate the protective physiology of premenopause therapeutically after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Palmisano
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Schisandrae Fructus Reduces Symptoms of 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide-Induced Ovarian Failure in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2564787. [PMID: 28584559 PMCID: PMC5443995 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2564787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with a decrease in the level of sex hormones such as ovarian estradiol and progesterone and can cause various symptoms such as depression, hot flash, fatigue, heart palpitations, and headache. Furthermore, there is a risk of developing complications such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and ovarian cancer. Schisandrae Fructus (SF) is widely used in Korean medicine as a cure for such complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of SF against menopause symptoms associated with follicle depletion caused by the industrial chemical 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) in mice. VCD directly targets the preantral follicles. Mice were injected with VCD (160 mg/kg intraperitoneally) daily for 15 days and then with SF dosage 3 times/week for six weeks. To evaluate the effects of SF, body weight, tail skin temperature, uterine weight, lipid profile, and osteocalcin levels were measured. A decrease in body weight and tail skin temperature and an increase in uterine weight were observed upon SF treatment. Moreover, SF treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, osteocalcin, and low-density lipoprotein levels and low-density/high-density lipoprotein ratio. These results suggest the potential use of SF in the treatment of menopausal symptoms in women.
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The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Regulating Obesity-Induced Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:65-86. [PMID: 29224091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and non-metabolic complications due to obesity are becoming more prevalent, yet our understanding of the mechanisms driving these is not. This is due to individual risk factor variability making it difficult to predict disease outcomes such as diabetes and insulin resistance. Gender is a critical factor in obesity outcomes with women having more adiposity but reduced metabolic complications compared to men. The role of immune system activation during obesity is an emerging field that links adiposity to metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, evidence from animal models suggests that sex differences exist in immune responses and, therefore, could be a possible mechanism leading to sex differences in metabolic disease. While there is still much to learn in the area of sex-differences research, this chapter will review the current knowledge and literature detailing the role of sex and sex hormones on adiposity and metabolically induced inflammation in obesity.
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Sex differences in sympathetic innervation and browning of white adipose tissue of mice. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27990249 PMCID: PMC5148917 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The higher prevalence of obesity-related metabolic disease in males suggests that female sex hormones provide protective mechanisms against the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Because browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is protective against obesity-related metabolic disease, we examined sex differences in β3-adrenergic remodeling of WAT in mice. Methods Effects of the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 (CL) on browning of white adipose tissue were investigated in male and female C57BL mice. The role of ovarian hormones in female-specific browning was studied in control female C57BL mice and mice with ovarian failure induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide treatment for 15 days. Results We found that treatment with CL-induced upregulation of brown adipocyte markers and mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins in gonadal WAT (gWAT) of female mice, but was without effect in males. In contrast, CL treatment was equally effective in males and females in inducing brown adipocyte phenotypes in inguinal WAT. The tissue- and sex-specific differences in brown adipocyte recruitment were correlated with differences in sympathetic innervation, as determined by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and western blotting. Levels of the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF were significantly higher in gWAT of female mice. CL treatment significantly increased NGF levels in gWAT of female mice but did not affect BDNF expression. In contrast, estradiol treatment doubled BDNF expression in female adipocytes differentiated in vitro. Ovarian failure induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide treatment dramatically reduced BDNF and TH expression in gWAT, eliminated induction of UCP1 by CL, and reduced tissue metabolic rate. Conclusions Collectively, these data demonstrate that female mice are more responsive than males to the recruitment of brown adipocytes in gonadal WAT and this difference corresponds to greater levels of estrogen-dependent sympathetic innervation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0121-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Brooks HL, Pollow DP, Hoyer PB. The VCD Mouse Model of Menopause and Perimenopause for the Study of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 31:250-7. [PMID: 27252160 PMCID: PMC5504385 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00057.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In females, menopause, the cessation of menstrual cycling, is associated with an increase in risk for several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and ovarian cancer. The majority of women enter menopause via a gradual reduction of ovarian function over several years (perimenopause) and retain residual ovarian tissue. The VCD mouse model of menopause (ovarian failure in rodents) is a follicle-deplete, ovary-intact animal that more closely approximates the natural human progression through perimenopause and into the postmenopausal stage of life. In this review, we present the physiological parameters of how to use the VCD model and explore the VCD model and its application into the study of postmenopausal disease mechanisms, focusing on recent murine studies of diabetic kidney disease, the metabolic syndrome, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - D P Pollow
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - P B Hoyer
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Griffin C, Lanzetta N, Eter L, Singer K. Sexually dimorphic myeloid inflammatory and metabolic responses to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R211-6. [PMID: 27252473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00136.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known in clinical and animal studies that women and men have different disease risk as well as different disease physiology. Women of reproductive age are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular disease compared with postmenopausal women and men. Most murine studies are skewed toward the use of male mice to study obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction because of similar protection in female mice. We have investigated dietary obesity in a mouse model and have directly compared inflammatory responses in males and females. In this review we will summarize what is known about sex differences in diet-induced inflammation and will summarize our data on this topic. It is clear that sex differences in high-fat diet-induced inflammatory activation are due to cell intrinsic differences in hematopoietic responses to obesogenic cues, but further research is needed to understand what leads to sexually dimorphic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - N Lanzetta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - L Eter
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K Singer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Koebele SV, Bimonte-Nelson HA. Modeling menopause: The utility of rodents in translational behavioral endocrinology research. Maturitas 2016; 87:5-17. [PMID: 27013283 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The human menopause transition and aging are each associated with an increase in a variety of health risk factors including, but not limited to, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, stroke, sexual dysfunction, affective disorders, sleep disturbances, and cognitive decline. It is challenging to systematically evaluate the biological underpinnings associated with the menopause transition in the human population. For this reason, rodent models have been invaluable tools for studying the impact of gonadal hormone fluctuations and eventual decline on a variety of body systems. While it is essential to keep in mind that some of the mechanisms associated with aging and the transition into a reproductively senescent state can differ when translating from one species to another, animal models provide researchers with opportunities to gain a fundamental understanding of the key elements underlying reproduction and aging processes, paving the way to explore novel pathways for intervention associated with known health risks. Here, we discuss the utility of several rodent models used in the laboratory for translational menopause research, examining the benefits and drawbacks in helping us to better understand aging and the menopause transition in women. The rodent models discussed are ovary-intact, ovariectomy, and 4-vinylcylohexene diepoxide for the menopause transition. We then describe how these models may be implemented in the laboratory, particularly in the context of cognition. Ultimately, we aim to use these animal models to elucidate novel perspectives and interventions for maintaining a high quality of life in women, and to potentially prevent or postpone the onset of negative health consequences associated with these significant life changes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie V Koebele
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
| | - Heather A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States.
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Pollow DP, Romero-Aleshire MJ, Sanchez JN, Konhilas JP, Brooks HL. ANG II-induced hypertension in the VCD mouse model of menopause is prevented by estrogen replacement during perimenopause. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1546-52. [PMID: 26491098 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00170.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Premenopausal females are resistant to the development of hypertension, and this protection is lost after the onset of menopause, resulting in a sharp increase in disease onset and severity. However, it is unknown how a fluctuating ovarian hormone environment during the transition from perimenopause to menopause impacts the onset of hypertension, and whether interventions during perimenopause prevent disease onset after menopause. A gradual transition to menopause was induced by repeated daily injections of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). ANG II (800 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)) was infused into perimenopausal and menopausal female mice for 14 days. A separate cohort of mice received 17β-estradiol replacement during perimenopause. ANG II infusion produced significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) in menopausal vs. cycling females, and 17β-estradiol replacement prevented this increase. In contrast, MAP was not significantly different when ANG II was infused into perimenopausal and cycling females, suggesting that female resistance to ANG II-induced hypertension is intact during perimenopause. ANG II infusion caused a significant glomerular hypertrophy, and hypertrophy was not impacted by hormonal status. Expression levels of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a collecting duct protein, have been suggested to reflect blood pressure. AQP2 protein expression was significantly downregulated in the renal cortex of the ANG II-infused menopause group, where blood pressure was increased. AQP2 expression levels were restored to control levels with 17β-estradiol replacement. This study indicates that the changing hormonal environment in the VCD model of menopause impacts the severity of ANG II-induced hypertension. These data highlight the utility of the ovary-intact VCD model of menopause as a clinically relevant model to investigate the physiological mechanisms of hypertension that occur in women during the transition into menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Pollow
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | | | - Jessica N Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Elks CM, Terrebonne JD, Ingram DK, Stephens JM. Blueberries improve glucose tolerance without altering body composition in obese postmenopausal mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:573-80. [PMID: 25611327 PMCID: PMC4340720 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk increases significantly during menopause and remains elevated postmenopause. Several botanicals, including blueberries (BB), have been shown to delay MetS progression, but few studies have been conducted in postmenopausal animal models. Here, the effects of BB supplementation on obese postmenopausal mice using a chemically induced menopause model were examined. METHODS After induction of menopause, mice were fed a high-fat diet or the same diet supplemented with 4% BB powder for 12 weeks. Body weight and body composition were measured, and mice were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Serum triglycerides and adiponectin were measured, and liver histology and hepatic gene expression were assessed. RESULTS Menopausal and BB-supplemented mice had significantly higher body weights and fat mass than control mice, while menopausal mice had impaired glucose tolerance and higher serum triglycerides when compared with control and BB-supplemented mice. Menopausal mice also had hepatic steatosis that was prevented by BB supplementation and correlated with expression of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS BB supplementation prevents the glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis that occur in obese postmenopausal mice, and these effects are independent of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M. Elks
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jennifer D. Terrebonne
- Animal Metabolism and Behavior Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225)-763-2648, FAX (225)-578-2597,
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Hidden disease susceptibility and sexual dimorphism in the heterozygous knockout of Cyp51 from cholesterol synthesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112787. [PMID: 25393872 PMCID: PMC4231084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the genotype-phenotype interactions of Cyp51+/- mice carrying one functional allele of lanosterol 14α-demethylase from cholesterol biosynthesis. No distinct developmental or morphological abnormalities were observed by routine visual inspection of Cyp51+/- and Cyp51+/+ mice and fertility was similar. We further collected a large data-set from female and male Cyp51+/- mice and controls fed for 16 weeks with three diets and applied linear regression modeling. We used 3 predictor variables (genotype, sex, diet), and 39 response variables corresponding to the organ characteristics (7), plasma parameters (7), and hepatic gene expression (25). We observed significant differences between Cyp51+/- and wild-type mice in organ characteristics and blood lipid profile. Hepatomegaly was observed in Cyp51+/- males, together with elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cyp51+/- females fed high-fat, high-cholesterol diet were leaner and had elevated plasma corticosterone compared to controls. We observed elevated hepatocyte apoptosis, mitosis and lipid infiltration in heterozygous knockouts of both sexes. The Cyp51+/- females had a modified lipid storage homeostasis protecting them from weight-gain when fed high-fat high-cholesterol diet. Malfunction of one Cyp51 allele therefore initiates disease pathways towards cholesterol-linked liver pathologies and sex-dependent response to dietary challenge.
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Smith ER, Wang Y, Xu XX. Development of a mouse model of menopausal ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:36. [PMID: 24616881 PMCID: PMC3935315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant understanding of the genetic mutations involved in ovarian epithelial cancer and advances in genomic approaches for expression and mutation profiling of tumor tissues, several key questions in ovarian cancer biology remain enigmatic: the mechanism for the well-established impact of reproductive factors on ovarian cancer risk remains obscure; cell of origin of ovarian cancer continue to be debated; and the precursor lesion, sequence, or events in progression remain to be defined. Suitable mouse models should complement the analysis of human tumor tissues and may provide clues to these questions currently perplexing ovarian cancer biology. A potentially useful model is the germ cell-deficient Wv (white spotting variant) mutant mouse line, which may be used to study the impact of menopausal physiology on the increased risk of ovarian cancer. The Wv mice harbor a point mutation in c-Kit that reduces the receptor tyrosine kinase activity to about 1–5% (it is not a null mutation). Homozygous Wv mutant females have a reduced ovarian germ cell reservoir at birth and the follicles are rapidly depleted upon reaching reproductive maturity, but other biological phenotypes are minimal and the mice have a normal life span. The loss of ovarian function precipitates changes in hormonal and metabolic activity that model features of menopause in humans. As a consequence of follicle depletion, the Wv ovaries develop ovarian tubular adenomas, a benign epithelial tumor corresponding to surface epithelial invaginations and papillomatosis that mark human ovarian aging. Ongoing work will test the possibility of converting the benign epithelial tubular adenomas into neoplastic tumors by addition of an oncogenic mutation, such as of Tp53, to model the genotype and biology of serous ovarian cancer. Model based on the Wv mice may have the potential to gain biological and etiological insights into ovarian cancer development and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, FL , USA
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Samson WK. AJP-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology: into the future. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1-3. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00223.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willis K. Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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King SM, Modi DA, Eddie SL, Burdette JE. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling increases proliferation and hyperplasia of the ovarian surface epithelium and decreases follicular integrity through upregulation of the PI3-kinase pathway. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:12. [PMID: 23388061 PMCID: PMC3724505 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovarian surface epithelium responds to cytokines and hormonal cues to initiate proliferation and migration following ovulation. Although insulin and IGF are potent proliferative factors for the ovarian surface epithelium and IGF is required for follicle development, increased insulin and IGF activity are correlated with at least two gynecologic conditions: polycystic ovary syndrome and epithelial ovarian cancer. Although insulin and IGF are often components of in vitro culture media, little is known about the effects that these growth factors may have on the ovarian surface epithelium morphology or how signaling in the ovarian surface may affect follicular health and development. METHODS Ovaries from CD1 mice were cultured in alginate hydrogels in the presence or absence of 5 μg/ml insulin or IGF-I, as well as small molecule inhibitors of IR/IGF1R, PI 3-kinase signaling, or MAPK signaling. Tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of cytokeratin 8 to mark the ovarian surface epithelium, Müllerian inhibiting substance to mark secondary follicles, and BrdU incorporation to assess proliferation. Changes in gene expression in the ovarian surface epithelium in response to insulin or IGF-I were analyzed by transcription array. Extracellular matrix organization was evaluated by expression and localization of collagen IV. RESULTS Culture of ovarian organoids with insulin or IGF-I resulted in formation of hyperplastic OSE approximately 4-6 cell layers thick with a high rate of proliferation, as well as decreased MIS expression in secondary follicles. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway restored MIS expression reduced by insulin but only partially restored normal OSE growth and morphology. Inhibition of the PI 3-kinase pathway restored MIS expression reduced by IGF-I and restored OSE growth to a single cell layer. Insulin and IGF-I altered organization of collagen IV, which was restored by inhibition of PI 3-kinase signaling. CONCLUSIONS While insulin and IGF are often required for propagation of primary cells, these cytokines may act as potent mitogens to disrupt cell growth, resulting in formation of hyperplastic OSE and decreased follicular integrity as measured by MIS expression and collagen deposition. This may be due partly to altered collagen IV deposition and organization in the ovary in response to insulin and IGF signaling mediated by PI 3-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby M King
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois, 900 S, Ashland Room 3202, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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A comparison of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in adipose tissue from weight-matched obese male and female mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:859395. [PMID: 22778716 PMCID: PMC3384924 DOI: 10.1155/2012/859395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of intra-abdominal adipose tissue and the accompanying inflammatory response has been put forward as a unifying link between obesity and the development of chronic diseases. However, an apparent sexual dimorphism exists between obesity and chronic disease risk due to differences in the distribution and abundance of adipose tissue. A range of experimental protocols have been employed to demonstrate the role of estrogen in regulating health benefits; however, most studies are confounded by significant differences in body weight and adiposity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare weight-matched obese male and female mice to determine if the sex-dependent health benefits remain when body weight is similar. The development of obesity in female mice receiving a high-fat diet was delayed; however, subsequent comparisons of weight-matched obese mice revealed greater adiposity in obese female mice. Despite excess adiposity and enlarged adipocyte size, obese females remained more glucose tolerant than weight-matched male mice, and this benefit was associated with increased expression of adiponectin and reductions in immune cell infiltration and oxidative stress in adipose tissue. Therefore, the protective benefits of estrogen persist in the obese state and appear to improve the metabolic phenotype of adipose tissue and the individual.
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