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Lang HM, Duffourc MM, Bazyler CD, Ramsey MW, Gentles JA. The Relationship Between Cell-Free DNA and Resistance Training Volume Load. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1008-1012. [PMID: 38373069 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lang, HM, Duffourc, MM, Bazyler, CD, Ramsey, MW, and Gentles, JA. The relationship between cell-free DNA and resistance training volume load. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1008-1012, 2024-The primary purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) to different resistance training volume loads. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between change in cf-DNA and relative strength. Researchers hypothesized that (a) cf-DNA concentrations would increase with increasing volume load and (b) increases in relative strength would result in predicted decreases to %Δ of cf-DNA. Thirty subjects were recruited for this study, 15 men and 15 women. Blood was collected through venous draws into 4-ml vacutainers at 3 time points: immediately before (T1), after 3 sets (T2), and after 6 sets (T3) of the back squat exercise. A critical alpha of 0.05 was set for inferential statistics. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed that cf-DNA increased significantly from T1 (407.72 ± 320.83) to T2 (1,244.6 ± 875.83) ( p < 0.01) and T1 (407.72 ± 320.83) to T3 (1,331.15 ± 1,141.66) ( p < 0.01), whereas no difference was found from T2 to T3 ( p = 1.00). The linear regression model used to examine the predictive capabilities relative strength had on cf-DNA %Δ from T1 to T3 was found to be significant ( p = 0.04; R2 = 0.15). The results of this study demonstrate the short response of cf-DNA in relation to variations in resistance training volume load. Results also demonstrated the positive relationship between relative strength and cf-DNA %Δ. The current study builds on the body of research that cf-DNA provides insight regarding the level of immune response after exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Lang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Mary, Bismarck, North Dakota
| | - Michelle M Duffourc
- Department of Pharmacology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee; and
| | - Caleb D Bazyler
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Michael W Ramsey
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy A Gentles
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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2
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Singh K, Kumari S, Ali M, Das MK, Mishra A, Singh AK. Association of transient mitochondrial functional impairment with acute heat exposure in children from Muzaffarpur region of Bihar, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1975-1989. [PMID: 37796289 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the Muzaffarpur district of Bihar (India) has witnessed recurrent outbreaks of acute encephalitis illness of unknown etiology, called acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) among young children, especially during the peak-summer season. Pesticide exposure, viral encephalitis, and litchi toxin intake have all been postulated as potential sources of the ailment. However, no conclusive etiology for AES has been identified in the affected children. During recent rounds of the outbreak, metabolic abnormalities have been documented in these children, and a direct correlation was observed between higher environmental temperature during the peak-summer month and AES caseload. The clinical and metabolic profiles of these children suggested the possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction during heat stress as one of the several contributory factors leading to multisystem metabolic derangement. The present study observed that mitochondrial function parameters such as cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathway-related gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from children were affected in peak-summer when compared to post-summer months. Similar observations of mitochondrial function parameters along with impaired bioenergetic parameters were demonstrated in the heat-exposed model of PBMCs isolated from healthy adult individuals. In conclusion, the results suggested that there is an association of transient mitochondrial dysfunction when exposed to sustained heat during the summer months. One may consider mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the important factors leading to an outbreak of AES among the children from affected regions though this needs to be substantiated with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Singh
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manzoor Ali
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Manoja K Das
- Public Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- Cardiorespiratory Disease Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Arun K Singh
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342001, India.
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Hu Z, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Ding S. High-Intensity Interval Training Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders via the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Gene Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13840. [PMID: 37762143 PMCID: PMC10531371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are growing in prevalence worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases remains ambiguous, the correlation between cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) and metabolic diseases has been identified recently. Exercise is an effective intervention protecting against metabolic diseases, however, the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in this process is unclear, and the effect and mechanism of different exercise intensities on metabolic disorders are still unknown. Thus, we explored the association between exercise to ameliorate HFD-induced metabolic disorders and the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were fed HFD for 8 weeks to establish a metabolic disease model and were subjected to 8-week MICT or HIIT training. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were used to assess glucose metabolism. Serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured to evaluate lipid metabolism. Oil red staining was used to observe the lipid droplets in the gastrocnemius muscle. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum inflammatory factors IL-6 and IFN-β. The protein expression of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway was detected by the WesTM automatic protein expression analysis system. We reported that HFD induced metabolic disorders with obesity, abnormal glucolipid metabolism, and significant inflammatory responses. Both HIIT and MICT ameliorated the above adverse reactions, but MICT was superior to HIIT in improving glucolipid disorders. Additionally, HIIT significantly increased the expression of STING protein, as well as the phosphorylation of TBKI and the ratio of p-IRF3/IRF3. MICT only increased the expression of STING protein. Our findings suggest that HIIT may alleviate HFD-induced metabolic disorder phenotype through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. However, the improvement of MICT on metabolic disorder phenotype is less associated with the cGAS-STING pathway, which needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yangjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Benegiamo G, Bou Sleiman M, Wohlwend M, Rodríguez-López S, Goeminne LJE, Laurila PP, Klevjer M, Salonen MK, Lahti J, Jha P, Cogliati S, Enriquez JA, Brumpton BM, Bye A, Eriksson JG, Auwerx J. COX7A2L genetic variants determine cardiorespiratory fitness in mice and human. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1336-1351. [PMID: 36253618 PMCID: PMC9584823 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory complexes form superassembled structures called supercomplexes. COX7A2L is a supercomplex-specific assembly factor in mammals, although its implication for supercomplex formation and cellular metabolism remains controversial. Here we identify a role for COX7A2L for mitochondrial supercomplex formation in humans. By using human cis-expression quantitative trait loci data, we highlight genetic variants in the COX7A2L gene that affect its skeletal muscle expression specifically. The most significant cis-expression quantitative trait locus is a 10-bp insertion in the COX7A2L 3' untranslated region that increases messenger RNA stability and expression. Human myotubes harboring this insertion have more supercomplexes and increased respiration. Notably, increased COX7A2L expression in the muscle is associated with lower body fat and improved cardiorespiratory fitness in humans. Accordingly, specific reconstitution of Cox7a2l expression in C57BL/6J mice leads to higher maximal oxygen consumption, increased lean mass and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, Cox7a2l expression in mice is induced specifically in the muscle upon exercise. These findings elucidate the genetic basis of mitochondrial supercomplex formation and function in humans and show that COX7A2L plays an important role in cardiorespiratory fitness, which could have broad therapeutic implications in reducing cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Benegiamo
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wohlwend
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludger J E Goeminne
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pirkka-Pekka Laurila
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Klevjer
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Cogliati
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) & Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular - IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enriquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- Clinic of Medicine, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anja Bye
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Jou C, Nascimento A, Codina A, Montoya J, López-Gallardo E, Emperador S, Ruiz-Pesini E, Montero R, Natera-de Benito D, Ortez CI, Marquez J, Zelaya MV, Gutierrez-Mata A, Badosa C, Carrera-García L, Expósito-Escudero J, Roldán M, Camara Y, Marti R, Ferrer I, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Artuch R. Pathological Features in Paediatric Patients with TK2 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911002. [PMID: 36232299 PMCID: PMC9570075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidine kinase (TK2) deficiency causes mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. We aimed to report the clinical, biochemical, genetic, histopathological, and ultrastructural features of a cohort of paediatric patients with TK2 deficiency. Mitochondrial DNA was isolated from muscle biopsies to assess depletions and deletions. The TK2 genes were sequenced using Sanger sequencing from genomic DNA. All muscle biopsies presented ragged red fibres (RRFs), and the prevalence was greater in younger ages, along with an increase in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-negative fibres. An endomysial inflammatory infiltrate was observed in younger patients and was accompanied by an overexpression of major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC I). The immunofluorescence study for complex I and IV showed a greater number of fibres than those that were visualized by COX staining. In the ultrastructural analysis, we found three major types of mitochondrial alterations, consisting of concentrically arranged lamellar cristae, electrodense granules, and intramitochondrial vacuoles. The pathological features in the muscle showed substantial differences in the youngest patients when compared with those that had a later onset of the disease. Additional ultrastructural features are described in the muscle biopsy, such as sarcomeric de-structuration in the youngest patients with a more severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jou
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Nascimento
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ester López-Gallardo
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50011 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos I. Ortez
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Marquez
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria V. Zelaya
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Mata
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Nacional Niños “Dr Carlos Sáenz Herrera”, San José 267-1005, Costa Rica
| | - Carmen Badosa
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Carrera-García
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesica Expósito-Escudero
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Roldán
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal i Imatge Cel·lular, Servei de Medicina Genètica i Molecular, Institut Pediàtric de Malaties Rares (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Camara
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Marti
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDI-BELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.J.-M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Pathology, Biobank, Pediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit and Clinical Biochemistry Departments, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center for Research in Rare Diseases CIBERER-ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.J.-M.); (R.A.)
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Abstract
Significance: Aging is a natural process that affects most living organisms, resulting in increased mortality. As the world population ages, the prevalence of age-associated diseases, and their associated health care costs, has increased sharply. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to cellular dysfunction may provide important targets for interventions to prevent or treat these diseases. Recent Advances: Although the mitochondrial theory of aging had been proposed more than 40 years ago, recent new data have given stronger support for a central role for mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathways that are deregulated during normal aging and age-associated disease. Critical Issues: Several of the experimental evidence linking mitochondrial alterations to age-associated loss of function are correlative and mechanistic insights are still elusive. Here, we review how mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in many of the known hallmarks of aging, and how these pathways interact in an intricate net of molecular relationships. Future Directions: As it has become clear that mitochondrial dysfunction plays causative roles in normal aging and age-associated diseases, it is necessary to better define the molecular interactions and the temporal and causal relationship between these changes and the relevant phenotypes seen during the aging process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 824-843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio M P F Batalha
- Lab. Genética Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anibal Eugênio Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nadja C Souza-Pinto
- Lab. Genética Mitocondrial, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Ge Z, Zhang Z, Ding S. Effects of acute endurance exercise and exhaustive exercise on innate immune signals induced by mtDNA. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221134942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Numerous studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can trigger innate immune signaling, and exercise can induce mitochondrial stress. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the influence of different types of acute exercise on the innate immune signaling triggered by mtDNA. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice ( n = 18) were randomly and equally divided into three groups. They were control group, acute moderate-intensity endurance exercise group (AMIE), and 3-day exhaustive exercise group (EE) respectively. Mice were sacrificed immediately after exercise. The spleen, liver, and blood were taken for analysis. Results: The amount of mtDNA in the liver cytoplasm and plasma was significantly decreased after AMIE ( p < .05). However, the amount of mtDNA in plasma was increased after EE (p < .05). The mRNA expression of TFAM, and most TLR9 and cGAS/STING signaling pathway-related genes in the liver and spleen was markedly elevated, whereas the expression of those genes in leukocytes was reduced after AMIE. Furthermore, AMIE significantly decreased the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver ( p < .05) and STING in spleen ( p < .01). Also, AMIE and EE caused a drop in circulating IFN-β levels ( p < .05). Conclusion: A single bout of moderate-intensity exercise reduces mtDNA-induced innate immune signaling and suppresses inflammatory responses by decreasing hepatic cytoplasmic and circulating mtDNA. However, repeated bouts of exhaustive exercise stimulate innate immune signaling by increasing levels of circulating mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ge
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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8
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McGlynn ML, Schnitzler H, Shute R, Ruby B, Slivka D. The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6382. [PMID: 34204828 PMCID: PMC8296217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to genomic DNA (mtDNA:gDNA), has been linked with dysfunctional mitochondria. Exercise can acutely induce mtDNA damage manifested as a reduced copy number. However, the influence of a paired (exercise and temperature) intervention on regional mtDNA (MINor Arc and MAJor Arc) are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise in cold (7 °C), room temperature (20 °C), and hot (33 °C) ambient temperatures, on regional mitochondrial copy number (MINcn and MAJcn). Thirty-four participants (24.4 ± 5.1 yrs, 87.1 ± 22.1 kg, 22.3 ± 8.5 %BF, and 3.20 ± 0.59 L·min-1 VO2peak) cycled for 1 h (261.1 ± 22.1 W) in either 7 °C, 20 °C, or 33 °C ambient conditions. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the vastus lateralis to determine mtDNA regional copy numbers via RT-qPCR. mtDNA is sensitive to the stressors of exercise post-exercise (MIN fold change, -1.50 ± 0.11; MAJ fold change, -1.70 ± 0.12) and 4-h post-exercise (MIN fold change, -0.82 ± 0.13; MAJ fold change, -1.54 ± 0.11). The MAJ Arc seems to be more sensitive to heat, showing a temperature-trend (p = 0.056) for a reduced regional copy number ratio after exercise in the heat (fold change -2.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.019). These results expand upon our current knowledge of the influence of temperature and exercise on the acute remodeling of regional mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. McGlynn
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Halee Schnitzler
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Shute
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Brent Ruby
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
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Harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of exercise: are Nrf2 activators useful? SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:70-79. [PMID: 35782161 PMCID: PMC9219337 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of physical activity to ameliorate cardiovascular disease and improve cardiovascular health is well accepted, but many aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits are incompletely understood. Exercise increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through various mechanisms. This triggers the activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor activated by increases in oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 mitigates oxidative stress by increasing the nuclear transcription of many antioxidant genes while also mediating additional beneficial effects through the cytoprotective nature of Nrf2 signaling. Understanding the transcriptional patterns of Nrf2 caused by exercise can help in the design of pharmacological mimicry of the process in patients who are unable to exercise for various reasons.
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10
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Roselló-Díez E, Hove-Madsen L, Pérez-Grijalba V, Muñoz-Guijosa C, Artigas V, Maria Padró J, Domínguez-Garrido E. Mitochondrial genetic effect on atrial fibrillation: A case-control study. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:15-24. [PMID: 33171269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in the general population and following cardiac surgery. The influence of mitochondrial genomics on AF pathogenesis is not fully understood. We analyzed mitochondrial variables from 78 human atrial samples collected from cardiac surgeries in the following groups: 1) permanent preoperative AF; 2) preoperative sinus rhythm (SR) with postoperative AF; and 3) pre-/postoperative SR. Haplogroup H appeared offer protection against, and haplogroup U predispose to permanent AF. mtDNA content was higher in group 2 than in 3. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the influence of mitochondria on AF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Roselló-Díez
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 167 Sant Antoni Maria Claret Street, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiovascular Research Centre (CSIC) and CIBERCV, 167 Sant Antoni Maria Claret Street, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Grijalba
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Fundación Rioja Salud (FRS), 98 Piqueras Street, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Christian Muñoz-Guijosa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Canyet Road, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Artigas
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 167 Sant Antoni Maria Claret Street, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Padró
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 167 Sant Antoni Maria Claret Street, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Domínguez-Garrido
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Fundación Rioja Salud (FRS), 98 Piqueras Street, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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11
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Emperador S, López-Gallardo E, Hernández-Ainsa C, Habbane M, Montoya J, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Ruiz-Pesini E. Ketogenic treatment reduces the percentage of a LHON heteroplasmic mutation and increases mtDNA amount of a LHON homoplasmic mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:150. [PMID: 31226990 PMCID: PMC6588889 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vision loss in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients is due to mitochondrial DNA mutations. No treatment has shown a clear-cut benefit on a clinically meaningful end-point. However, clinical evidences suggest two therapeutic approaches: the reduction of the mutation load in heteroplasmic patients or the elevation of mitochondrial DNA amount in homoplasmic patients. RESULTS Here we show that ketogenic treatment, in cybrid cell lines, reduces the percentage of the m.13094 T > C heteroplasmic mutation and also increases the mitochondrial DNA levels of the m.11778G > A mitochondrial genotype. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ketogenic diet could be a therapeutic strategy for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellon 11, Planta 0. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellon 11, Planta 0. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Ainsa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mouna Habbane
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellon 11, Planta 0. 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellon 11, Planta 0. 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Miguel Servet, 177. 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Av. San Juan Bosco, 13. 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellon 11, Planta 0. 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Fundación ARAID, ARAID, Av. de Ranillas, 1-D. Planta 2º, oficina B. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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12
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Fritzen AM, Thøgersen FB, Thybo K, Vissing CR, Krag TO, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Risom L, Wibrand F, Høeg LD, Kiens B, Duno M, Vissing J, Jeppesen TD. Adaptations in Mitochondrial Enzymatic Activity Occurs Independent of Genomic Dosage in Response to Aerobic Exercise Training and Deconditioning in Human Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030237. [PMID: 30871120 PMCID: PMC6468422 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is thought to be an integral part of exercise-training-induced mitochondrial adaptations. Thus, mtDNA level is often used as an index of mitochondrial adaptations in training studies. We investigated the hypothesis that endurance exercise training-induced mitochondrial enzymatic changes are independent of genomic dosage by studying mtDNA content in skeletal muscle in response to six weeks of knee-extensor exercise training followed by four weeks of deconditioning in one leg, comparing results to the contralateral untrained leg, in 10 healthy, untrained male volunteers. Findings were compared to citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial complex activities, and content of mitochondrial membrane markers (porin and cardiolipin). One-legged knee-extensor exercise increased endurance performance by 120%, which was accompanied by increases in power output and peak oxygen uptake of 49% and 33%, respectively (p < 0.01). Citrate synthase and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I–IV activities were increased by 51% and 46–61%, respectively, in the trained leg (p < 0.001). Despite a substantial training-induced increase in mitochondrial activity of TCA and ETC enzymes, there was no change in mtDNA and mitochondrial inner and outer membrane markers (i.e., cardiolipin and porin). Conversely, deconditioning reduced endurance capacity by 41%, muscle citrate synthase activity by 32%, and mitochondrial complex I–IV activities by 29–36% (p < 0.05), without any change in mtDNA and porin and cardiolipin content in the previously trained leg. The findings demonstrate that the adaptations in mitochondrial enzymatic activity after aerobic endurance exercise training and the opposite effects of deconditioning are independent of changes in the number of mitochondrial genomes, and likely relate to changes in the rate of transcription of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Fritzen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frank B Thøgersen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Thybo
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer R Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas O Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lotte Risom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Wibrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Louise D Høeg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten Duno
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tina D Jeppesen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Wone BWM, Yim WC, Schutz H, Meek TH, Garland T. Mitochondrial haplotypes are not associated with mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:134-139. [PMID: 29626644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial haplotypes have been associated with human and rodent phenotypes, including nonshivering thermogenesis capacity, learning capability, and disease risk. Although the mammalian mitochondrial D-loop is highly polymorphic, D-loops in laboratory mice are identical, and variation occurs elsewhere mainly between nucleotides 9820 and 9830. Part of this region codes for the tRNAArg gene and is associated with mitochondrial densities and number of mtDNA copies. We hypothesized that the capacity for high levels of voluntary wheel-running behavior would be associated with mitochondrial haplotype. Here, we analyzed the mtDNA polymorphic region in mice from each of four replicate lines selectively bred for 54 generations for high voluntary wheel running (HR) and from four control lines (Control) randomly bred for 54 generations. Sequencing the polymorphic region revealed a variable number of adenine repeats. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varied from 2 to 3 adenine insertions, resulting in three haplotypes. We found significant genetic differentiations between the HR and Control groups (Fst = 0.779, p ≤ 0.0001), as well as among the replicate lines of mice within groups (Fsc = 0.757, p ≤ 0.0001). Haplotypes, however, were not strongly associated with voluntary wheel running (revolutions run per day), nor with either body mass or litter size. This system provides a useful experimental model to dissect the physiological processes linking mitochondrial, genomic SNPs, epigenetics, or nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk to exercise activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard W M Wone
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Won C Yim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Heidi Schutz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Biology Department, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA 98447, USA
| | - Thomas H Meek
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; In Vivo Pharmacology Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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14
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Effects of resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin on mitochondrial functions in C2C12 myotubes. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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15
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Soman SS, Tinson A. Development and evaluation of a simple and effective real time PCR assay for mitochondrial quantification in racing camels. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:326-330. [PMID: 27475303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Camel racing is a popular sport in the Middle East region, where the demand is high for racing camels with higher stamina and endurance. Devising a technique to measure oxidative capacity and endurance in camels should be useful. Mitochondria are highly specialized organelles involved in metabolism in all higher organisms for sustaining life and providing energy for physical functions. The ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to nuclear DNA (nDNA) is often used as an estimate for the metabolic status of the tissue. A greater quantity of mitochondria per unit of tissue translates into greater oxidative capacity and endurance. In this report, we describe a simple, sensitive and efficient real-time PCR assay for the quantification of blood mitochondria in racing camels. The primer sequences selected for the SYBR green-based PCR assay included mitochondrial D-loop region, mitochondrial ATP6ase gene and the nuclear β-actin gene. The assay was validated using two groups of camels comprising racing and dairy camels. The racing camels demonstrated a higher mtDNA/nDNA ratio compared with dairy camels based on the ΔΔCt values, with a higher variability among racing camels. The mean ΔΔCt values of adult and young racing camels did not vary considerably. The findings show that the present assay can be used as an evaluative tool for racing camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soja Saghar Soman
- Hilli Embryo Transfer Center, Management of Scientific Centers and Presidential Camels, Department of President's Affairs, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Alex Tinson
- Hilli Embryo Transfer Center, Management of Scientific Centers and Presidential Camels, Department of President's Affairs, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Sun Y, Qi Z, He Q, Cui D, Qian S, Ji L, Ding S. The effect of treadmill training and N-acetyl-l-cysteine intervention on biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:326-35. [PMID: 26159509 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis refers to increased content of mitochondria, which has been shown to be promoted by aerobic exercise. During this process, oxidative stress is considered the essential initiator. Even though some studies have addressed the issue as to whether antioxidants would hamper the effects of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis, no consensus has been achieved. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise and antioxidant intervention on mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as COX biogenesis. Thirty-two clean-grade male ICR mice were randomly assigned to a control group (Con), exercise group (Ex), N-acetyl-l-cysteine group (NAC), or NAC plus exercise group (NEx). The NAC and NEx groups were injected with NAC (0.1 mg/g/2 days) intraperitoneally for 3 weeks, whereas the Con and Ex groups were administered saline for the same period of time. Mice assigned to Ex and NEx groups started exercise training 1 week before drug intervention was initiated. After 1 week of acclimatization, the mice were allowed to run at a speed of 28 m/min for 60 min, 6 days a week. The results showed that exercise training caused an increase in mRNA and protein levels of COXIV, whereas NAC intervention lowered the two so significantly that even exercise training could not reverse the effect of NAC intervention. Our data suggest that even though antioxidant intervention could alleviate oxidative damage caused by exercise, it was not necessarily beneficial for mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Z Qi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Q He
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - D Cui
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - S Qian
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - S Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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17
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Llobet L, Toivonen JM, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E, López-Gallardo E. Xenobiotics that affect oxidative phosphorylation alter differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells at concentrations that are found in human blood. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1441-55. [PMID: 26398948 PMCID: PMC4631789 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is accompanied by differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells to adipocytes. As part of this differentiation, biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system occurs. Many chemical compounds used in medicine, agriculture or other human activities affect oxidative phosphorylation function. Therefore, these xenobiotics could alter adipogenesis. We have analyzed the effects on adipocyte differentiation of some xenobiotics that act on the oxidative phosphorylation system. The tested concentrations have been previously reported in human blood. Our results show that pharmaceutical drugs that decrease mitochondrial DNA replication, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, or inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis, such as ribosomal antibiotics, diminish adipocyte differentiation and leptin secretion. By contrast, the environmental chemical pollutant tributyltin chloride, which inhibits the ATP synthase of the oxidative phosphorylation system, can promote adipocyte differentiation and leptin secretion, leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome as postulated by the obesogen hypothesis. Summary: Some medical drugs and environmental chemical pollutants acting on the oxidative phosphorylation system can alter adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis and, thus, have important consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llobet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne M Toivonen
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain Fundación ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013-Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Bianco A, Martínez-Romero I, Bisceglia L, D'Agruma L, Favia P, Ruiz-Pesini E, Guerriero S, Montoya J, Petruzzella V. Mitochondrial DNA copy number differentiates the Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy affected individuals from the unaffected mutation carriers. Brain 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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19
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Autism and intellectual disability associated with mitochondrial disease and hyperlactacidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3870-84. [PMID: 25679448 PMCID: PMC4346931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with intellectual disability (ID) is a life-long debilitating condition, which is characterized by cognitive function impairment and other neurological signs. Children with ASD-ID typically attain motor skills with a significant delay. A sub-group of ASD-IDs has been linked to hyperlactacidemia and alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity. The objective of this report is to describe the clinical features of patients with these comorbidities in order to shed light on difficult diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in such patients. We reported the different clinical features of children with ID associated with hyperlactacidemia and deficiencies in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II–IV activity whose clinical presentations are commonly associated with the classic spectrum of mitochondrial diseases. We concluded that patients with ASD and ID presenting with persistent hyperlactacidemia should be evaluated for mitochondrial disorders. Administration of carnitine, coenzyme Q10, and folic acid is partially beneficial, although more studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this vitamin/cofactor treatment combination.
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20
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Accurate measurement of mitochondrial DNA deletion level and copy number differences in human skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114462. [PMID: 25474153 PMCID: PMC4256439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable quantification of the abundance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules, both wild-type and those harbouring pathogenic mutations, is important not only for understanding the progression of mtDNA disease but also for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches. A clear understanding of the sensitivity of mtDNA measurement assays under different experimental conditions is therefore critical, however it is routinely lacking for most published mtDNA quantification assays. Here, we comprehensively assess the variability of two quantitative Taqman real-time PCR assays, a widely-applied MT-ND1/MT-ND4 multiplex mtDNA deletion assay and a recently developed MT-ND1/B2M singleplex mtDNA copy number assay, across a range of DNA concentrations and mtDNA deletion/copy number levels. Uniquely, we provide a specific guide detailing necessary numbers of sample and real-time PCR plate replicates for accurately and consistently determining a given difference in mtDNA deletion levels and copy number in homogenate skeletal muscle DNA.
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21
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López-Gallardo E, Emperador S, Solano A, Llobet L, Martín-Navarro A, López-Pérez MJ, Briones P, Pineda M, Artuch R, Barraquer E, Jericó I, Ruiz-Pesini E, Montoya J. Expanding the clinical phenotypes of MT-ATP6 mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6191-200. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Bereiter-Hahn J. Do we age because we have mitochondria? PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:3-23. [PMID: 23794102 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging remains a great riddle. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria is an inevitable by-product of respiration, which has led to a hypothesis proposing the oxidative impairment of mitochondrial components (e.g., mtDNA, proteins, lipids) that initiates a vicious cycle of dysfunctional respiratory complexes producing more ROS, which again impairs function. This does not exclude other processes acting in parallel or targets for ROS action in other organelles than mitochondria. Given that aging is defined as the process leading to death, the role of mitochondria-based impairments in those organ systems responsible for human death (e.g., the cardiovascular system, cerebral dysfunction, and cancer) is described within the context of "garbage" accumulation and increasing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and glycation of proteins. Mitochondrial mass, fusion, and fission are important factors in coping with impaired function. Both biogenesis of mitochondria and their degradation are important regulatory mechanisms stimulated by physical exercise and contribute to healthy aging. The hypothesis of mitochondria-related aging should be revised to account for the limitations of the degradative capacity of the lysosomal system. The processes involved in mitochondria-based impairments are very similar across a large range of organisms. Therefore, studies on model organisms from yeast, fungi, nematodes, flies to vertebrates, and from cells to organisms also add considerably to the understanding of human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bereiter-Hahn
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Neurowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Lauestrasse 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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Egan B, O’Connor PL, Zierath JR, O’Gorman DJ. Time course analysis reveals gene-specific transcript and protein kinetics of adaptation to short-term aerobic exercise training in human skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74098. [PMID: 24069271 PMCID: PMC3771935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated bouts of episodic myofibrillar contraction associated with exercise training are potent stimuli for physiological adaptation. However, the time course of adaptation and the continuity between alterations in mRNA expression and protein content are not well described in human skeletal muscle. Eight healthy, sedentary males cycled for 60 min at 80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) each day for fourteen consecutive days, resulting in an increase in VO2peak of 17.5±3.8%. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, and on the morning following (+16 h after exercise) the first, third, seventh, tenth and fourteenth training sessions. Markers of mitochondrial adaptation (Cyt c and COXIV expression, and citrate synthase activity) were increased within the first week of training, but the mtDNA/nDNA ratio was unchanged by two weeks of training. Accumulation of PGC-1α and ERRα protein during training suggests a regulatory role for these factors in adaptations of mitochondrial and metabolic gene expression. A subset of genes were transiently increased after one training session, but returned to baseline levels thereafter, which is supportive of the concept of transcriptional capacity being particularly sensitive to the onset of a new level of contractile activity. Thus, gene-specific temporal patterns of induction of mRNA expression and protein content are described. Our results illustrate the phenomenology of skeletal muscle plasticity and support the notion that transcript level adjustments, coupled to accumulation of encoded protein, underlie the modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and phenotype by regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Egan
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul L. O’Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R. Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donal J. O’Gorman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Obesity affects mitochondrial citrate synthase in human omental adipose tissue. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:826027. [PMID: 24555156 PMCID: PMC3901984 DOI: 10.1155/2013/826027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The activities of some key enzymes in mitochondria from 135 human omental adipose tissue samples of obese and nonobese patients were analyzed for potential association with the patients' state of obesity. The activities of respiratory complexes I and II as well as citrate synthase in isolated mitochondria were measured using spectrophotometric enzyme assays. ATP generation of mitochondria was determined with a bioluminescence assay. Protein levels of citrate synthase were quantified by western blot. The rates of ATP generation and the enzymatic activities of complexes I and II did not display associations with age, gender, obesity, or diabetes. By contrast, the enzymatic activities of citrate synthase and its protein levels were significantly reduced in obesity as compared to controls. In diabetic patients, protein levels but not enzymatic activities of citrate synthase were elevated. Thus, this investigation based on enzymatic assay and determination of protein levels revealed that the development of obesity is associated with a significant impact on citrate synthase in mitochondria of human omental adipose tissue. The state of obesity appears to affect mitochondrial function in human omental adipose tissue by limiting this key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle rather than by limiting the activities of respiratory chain enzymes.
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Montero R, Grazina M, López-Gallardo E, Montoya J, Briones P, Navarro-Sastre A, Land JM, Hargreaves IP, Artuch R, del Mar O'Callaghan M, Jou C, Jimenez C, Buján N, Pineda M, García-Cazorla A, Nascimento A, Perez-Dueñas B, Ruiz-Pesini E, Fratter C, Salviati L, Simões M, Mendes C, Santos MJ, Diogo L, Garcia P, Navas P. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:337-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Malik AN, Czajka A. Is mitochondrial DNA content a potential biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction? Mitochondrion 2012; 13:481-92. [PMID: 23085537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to numerous diseases of oxidative stress. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) content, often measured as mitochondrial genome to nuclear genome ratio (Mt/N) using real time quantitative PCR, have been reported in a broad range of human diseases, such as diabetes and its complications, obesity, cancer, HIV complications, and ageing. We propose the hypothesis that MtDNA content in body fluids and tissues could be a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction and review the evidence supporting this theory. Increased reactive oxygen species resulting from an external trigger such as hyperglycaemia or increased fat in conditions of oxidative stress could lead to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased Mt/N. Altered MtDNA levels may contribute to enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation and could play a pathogenic role in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Changes in Mt/N are detectable in circulating cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells and these could be used as surrogate to predict global changes in tissues and organs. We review a large number of studies reporting changes in MtDNA levels in body fluids such as circulating blood cells, cell free serum, saliva, sperm, and cerebrospinal fluid as well as in tumour and normal tissue samples. However, the data are often conflicting as the current methodology used to measure Mt/N can give false results because of one or more of the following reasons (1) use of mitochondrial primers which co-amplify nuclear pseudogenes (2) use of nuclear genes which are variable and/or duplicated in numerous locations (3) a dilution bias caused by the differing genome sizes of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and (4) template preparation protocols which affect the yields of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Development of robust and reproducible methodology is needed to test the hypothesis that MtDNA content in body fluids is biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N Malik
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, King's college London, London, UK.
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Laitano O, Kalsi KK, Pearson J, Lotlikar M, Reischak-Oliveira A, González-Alonso J. Effects of graded exercise-induced dehydration and rehydration on circulatory markers of oxidative stress across the resting and exercising human leg. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1937-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Substrate use and biochemical response to a 3,211-km bicycle tour in trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1621-30. [PMID: 21866362 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological adaptations in physically fit individuals to a period of intensified training. Ten trained males cycled outdoors ~170 km day(-1) on 19 out of 21 days. Expired gas was collected on days 1 and 21 during maximal graded exercise and used for the determination of gross efficiency and whole body substrate use. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after exercise on days 2 and 22 for the determination of mtDNA/gDNA ratio, gene expression, metabolic enzyme activity and glycogen use. Muscle glycogen before and after exercise, fat oxidation, and gross efficiency increased, carbohydrate oxidation decreased (p < 0.05), and VO(2max) did not change over the 21 days of training. Citrate synthase (CS), β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzyme activity did not change with training. CS and β-HAD mRNA did not change with acute exercise or training. COX (subunit IV) mRNA increased with acute exercise (p < 0.05) but did not change over the 21 days. PGC-1α mRNA increased with acute exercise, but did not increase to the same degree on day 22 as it did on day 2 (p < 0.05). UCP3 mRNA decreased with training (p < 0.05). Acute exercise caused an increase in mitofusin2 (MFN2) mRNA (p < 0.05) and a trend for an increase in mtDNA/gDNA ratio (p = 0.057). However, training did not affect MFN2 mRNA or mtDNA/gDNA ratio. In response to 3,211 km of cycling, changes in substrate use and gross efficiency appear to be more profound than mitochondrial adaptations in trained individuals.
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Malik AN, Shahni R, Rodriguez-de-Ledesma A, Laftah A, Cunningham P. Mitochondrial DNA as a non-invasive biomarker: accurate quantification using real time quantitative PCR without co-amplification of pseudogenes and dilution bias. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:1-7. [PMID: 21703239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) is a potential non-invasive biomarker of cellular mitochondrial dysfunction, the latter known to be central to a wide range of human diseases. Changes in MtDNA are usually determined by quantification of MtDNA relative to nuclear DNA (Mt/N) using real time quantitative PCR. We propose that the methodology for measuring Mt/N needs to be improved and we have identified that current methods have at least one of the following three problems: (1) As much of the mitochondrial genome is duplicated in the nuclear genome, many commonly used MtDNA primers co-amplify homologous pseudogenes found in the nuclear genome; (2) use of regions from genes such as β-actin and 18S rRNA which are repetitive and/or highly variable for qPCR of the nuclear genome leads to errors; and (3) the size difference of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes cause a "dilution bias" when template DNA is diluted. We describe a PCR-based method using unique regions in the human mitochondrial genome not duplicated in the nuclear genome; unique single copy region in the nuclear genome and template treatment to remove dilution bias, to accurately quantify MtDNA from human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N Malik
- King's College London, Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, UK.
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Gómez-Durán A, Pacheu-Grau D, López-Gallardo E, Díez-Sánchez C, Montoya J, López-Pérez MJ, Ruiz-Pesini E. Unmasking the causes of multifactorial disorders: OXPHOS differences between mitochondrial haplogroups. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:3343-53. [PMID: 20566709 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiologic studies have associated human mitochondrial haplogroups to rare mitochondrial diseases like Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy or to more common age-linked disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, cellular, biochemical and molecular-genetic evidence that is able to explain these associations is very scarce. The etiology of multifactorial diseases is very difficult to sort out because such diseases are due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors that individually only contribute in small part to the development of the illness. Thus, the haplogroup-defining mutations might behave as susceptibility factors, but they could have only a small effect on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function. Moreover, these effects would be highly dependent on the 'context' in which the genetic variant is acting. To homogenize this 'context' for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, a cellular approach is available that involves the use of what is known as 'cybrids'. By using this model, we demonstrate that mtDNA and mtRNA levels, mitochondrial protein synthesis, cytochrome oxidase activity and amount, normalized oxygen consumption, mitochondrial inner membrane potential and growth capacity are different in cybrids from the haplogroup H when compared with those of the haplogroup Uk. Thus, these inherited basal differences in OXPHOS capacity can help to explain why some individuals more quickly reach the bioenergetic threshold below which tissue symptoms appear and progress toward multifactorial disorders. Hence, some population genetic variants in mtDNA contribute to the genetic component of complex disorders. The existence of mtDNA-based OXPHOS differences opens possibilities for the existence of a new field, mitochondrial pharmacogenomics. New sequence accession nos: HM103354-HM103363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gómez-Durán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de INvestigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Martínez-Redondo D, Marcuello A, Casajús JA, Ara I, Dahmani Y, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E, López-Pérez MJ, Díez-Sánchez C. Human mitochondrial haplogroup H: the highest VO2max consumer--is it a paradox? Mitochondrion 2009; 10:102-7. [PMID: 19900587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial background has been demonstrated to influence maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max), in mLkg(-1)min(-1)), but this genetic influence can be compensated for by regular exercise. A positive correlation among electron transport chain (ETC) coupling, ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been established, and mitochondrial variants have been reported to show differences in their ETC performance. In this study, we examined in detail the VO(2max) differences found among mitochondrial haplogroups. We recruited 81 healthy male Spanish Caucasian individuals and determined their mitochondrial haplogroup. Their VO(2max) was determined using incremental cycling exercise (ICE). VO(2max) was lower in J than in non-J haplogroup individuals (P=0.04). The H haplogroup was responsible for this difference (VO(2max); J vs. H; P=0.008) and this group also had significantly higher mitochondrial oxidative damage (mtOD) than the J haplogroup (P=0.04). In agreement with these results, VO(2max) and mtOD were positively correlated (P=0.01). Given that ROS production is the major contributor to mtOD and consumes four times more oxygen per electron than the ETC, our results strongly suggest that ROS production is responsible for the higher VO(2max) found in the H variant. These findings not only contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underneath VO(2max), but also help to explain some reported associations between mitochondrial haplogroups and mtOD with longevity, sperm motility, premature aging and susceptibility to different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martínez-Redondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza y CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Lindinger A, Peterli R, Peters T, Kern B, von Flüe M, Calame M, Hoch M, Eberle AN, Lindinger PW. Mitochondrial DNA content in human omental adipose tissue. Obes Surg 2009; 20:84-92. [PMID: 19826890 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-9987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of mitochondrial function plays an important role in obesity and the development of insulin resistance. The aim of this project was to investigate the mitochondrial DNA copy number in human omental adipose tissue with respect to obesity. METHODS The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content per single adipocyte derived from abdominal omental adipose tissue was determined by quantitative RT-PCR in a group of 75 patients, consisting of obese and morbidly obese subjects, as well as non-obese controls. Additionally, basal metabolic rate and fat oxidation rate were recorded and expressed as total values or per kilogram fat mass. RESULTS MtDNA content is associated with obesity. Higher body mass index (BMI) resulted in a significantly elevated mtDNA count (ratio = 1.56; p = 0.0331) comparing non-obese (BMI < 30) to obese volunteers (BMI >or= 30). The mtDNA count per cell was not correlated with age or gender. Diabetic patients showed a trend toward reduced mtDNA content. A seasonal change in mtDNA copy number could not be identified. In addition, a substudy investigating the basal metabolic rate and the fasting fat oxidation did not reveal any associations to the mtDNA count. CONCLUSIONS The mtDNA content per cell of omental adipose tissue did not correlate with various clinical parameters but tended to be reduced in patients with diabetes, which may partly explain the impairment of mitochondrial function observed in insulin resistance. Furthermore, the mtDNA content was significantly increased in patients suffering from obesity (BMI above 30). This might reflect a compensatory response to the development of obesity, which is associated with impairment of mitochondrial function.
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Marcuello A, Martínez-Redondo D, Dahmani Y, Terreros JL, Aragonés T, Casajús JA, Echavarri JM, Quílez J, Montoya J, López-Pérez MJ, Díez-Sánchez C. Steady exercise removes VO(2max) difference between mitochondrial genomic variants. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:326-30. [PMID: 19427920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been clearly established that mitochondrial variants, among other potential factors, influence on VO(2max). With this study we sought to determine whether this genetic predisposition could be modified by steady exercise. Mitochondrial genetic variants were determined in 70 healthy controls (CON) and in 77 athletes who trained regularly (50 cyclists, aerobic training (AER), and 27 runners of 400m, anaerobic training (NoAER)). All of them were male Spanish Caucasian individuals. A maximum graded exercise test (GXT) in cycle-ergometer was performed to determine VO(2max) (mL kg(-1)min(-1)). Our results confirmed that, in CON, VO(2max) (P=0.007) was higher in Non-J than J individuals. Furthermore, we found that AER and NoAER showed, as it could be expected, higher VO(2max) than CON, but not differences between mitochondrial variants have been found. According with these findings, the influence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants on VO(2max) has been confirmed, and a new conclusion has arisen: the steady exercise is able to remove this influence. The interest of these promising findings in muscular performance should be further explored, in particular, the understanding of potential applications in sport training and in muscle pathological syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marcuello
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular y CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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SCOTT ROBERTA, FUKU NORIYUKI, ONYWERA VINCENTO, BOIT MIKE, WILSON RICHARDH, TANAKA MASASHI, H. GOODWIN WILLIAM, PITSILADIS YANNISP. Mitochondrial Haplogroups Associated with Elite Kenyan Athlete Status. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:123-8. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31818313a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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MORIN PA, HEDRICK NM, ROBERTSON KM, LEDUC CA. TECHNICAL ARTICLE: Comparative mitochondrial and nuclear quantitative PCR of historical marine mammal tissue, bone, baleen, and tooth samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hudson G, Chinnery PF. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma and human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15 Spec No 2:R244-52. [PMID: 16987890 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is critically dependent upon polymerase-gamma (pol-gamma), encoded by the nuclear gene POLG. Over the last 5 years, it has become clear that mutations of POLG are a major cause of human disease. Secondary mtDNA defects characterize these disorders, with mtDNA depletion, multiple mtDNA deletions or multiple point mutations of mtDNA in clinically affected tissues. The secondary mtDNA defects cause cell and tissue-specific deficiencies of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to organ dysfunction and human disease. Functional genetic variants of POLG are present in up to approximately 0.5% of the general population, and pathogenic mutations have been described in most exons of the gene. Clinically, POLG mutations can present from early neonatal life to late middle age, with a spectrum of phenotypes that includes common neurological disorders such as migraine, epilepsy and Parkinsonism. Transgenic mice and biochemical studies of recombinant mutated proteins are helping to unravel mechanisms of pathogenesis, and patterns are beginning to emerge relating genotype to phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Hudson
- Mitochondrial Research Group and Institute of Human Genetics, M41014, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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