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Deng X, Peng D, Yao Y, Huang K, Wang J, Ma Z, Fu J, Xu Y. Optogenetic therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13557. [PMID: 38751366 PMCID: PMC11096815 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease affecting humans globally. It is characterized by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to the failure of insulin production or reduction of insulin sensitivity and functionality. Insulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 replenishment or improvement of insulin resistance are the two major strategies to treat diabetes. Recently, optogenetics that uses genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins to precisely control cell functions has been regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Here, we summarize the latest development of optogenetics and its integration with synthetic biology approaches to produce light-responsive cells for insulin/GLP-1 production, amelioration of insulin resistance and neuromodulation of insulin secretion. In addition, we introduce the development of cell encapsulation and delivery methods and smart bioelectronic devices for the in vivo application of optogenetics-based cell therapy in diabetes. The remaining challenges for optogenetics-based cell therapy in the clinical translational study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dandan Peng
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Zhihao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Dani S, Schütz K, Dikici E, Bernhardt A, Lode A. The effect of continuous long-term illumination with visible light in different spectral ranges on mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9444. [PMID: 38658667 PMCID: PMC11043379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to ensure oxygen supply of cells in the (temporary) absence of vasculature. With the vision to exploit photosynthetic oxygen production by microalgae, co-cultivated in close vicinity to oxygen-consuming mammalian cells, we are searching for culture conditions that are compatible for both sides. Herein, we investigated the impact of long-term illumination on mammalian cells which is essential to enable photosynthesis by microalgae: four different cell types-primary human fibroblasts, dental pulp stem cells, and osteoblasts as well as the murine beta-cell line INS-1-were continuously exposed to warm white light, red or blue light over seven days. We observed that illumination with red light has no adverse effects on viability, metabolic activity and growth of the cells whereas exposure to white light has deleterious effects that can be attributed to its blue light portion. Quantification of intracellular glutathione did not reveal a clear correlation of this effect with an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, our data indicate that the cytotoxic effect of short-wavelength light is predominantly a direct effect of cell illumination; photo-induced changes in the cell culture media play only a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dani
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezgi Dikici
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Lavoie J, Besrour M, Lemaire W, Rouat J, Fontaine R, Plourde E. Learning to see via epiretinal implant stimulation in silicowith model-based deep reinforcement learning. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:025006. [PMID: 37595568 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acf1a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa cause the degradation of the photoreceptor layer. One approach to restore vision is to electrically stimulate the surviving retinal ganglion cells with a microelectrode array such as epiretinal implants. Epiretinal implants are known to generate visible anisotropic shapes elongated along the axon fascicles of neighboring retinal ganglion cells. Recent work has demonstrated that to obtain isotropic pixel-like shapes, it is possible to map axon fascicles and avoid stimulating them by inactivating electrodes or lowering stimulation current levels. Avoiding axon fascicule stimulation aims to remove brushstroke-like shapes in favor of a more reduced set of pixel-like shapes. APPROACH In this study, we propose the use of isotropic and anisotropic shapes to render intelligible images on the retina of a virtual patient in a reinforcement learning environment named rlretina. The environment formalizes the task as using brushstrokes in a stroke-based rendering task. MAIN RESULTS We train a deep reinforcement learning agent that learns to assemble isotropic and anisotropic shapes to form an image. We investigate which error-based or perception-based metrics are adequate to reward the agent. The agent is trained in a model-based data generation fashion using the psychophysically validated axon map model to render images as perceived by different virtual patients. We show that the agent can generate more intelligible images compared to the naive method in different virtual patients. SIGNIFICANCE This work shares a new way to address epiretinal stimulation that constitutes a first step towards improving visual acuity in artificially-restored vision using anisotropic phosphenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lavoie
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marwan Besrour
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - William Lemaire
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean Rouat
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Réjean Fontaine
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Eric Plourde
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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Singh NK, Ramamourthy B, Hage N, Kappagantu KM. Optogenetics: Illuminating the Future of Hearing Restoration and Understanding Auditory Perception. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:208-216. [PMID: 38676313 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232269742231213110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory impairment significantly affecting communication and quality of life. Traditional approaches for hearing restoration, such as cochlear implants, have limitations in frequency resolution and spatial selectivity. Optogenetics, an emerging field utilizing light-sensitive proteins, offers a promising avenue for addressing these limitations and revolutionizing hearing rehabilitation. This review explores the methods of introducing Channelrhodopsin- 2 (ChR2), a key light-sensitive protein, into cochlear cells to enable optogenetic stimulation. Viral- mediated gene delivery is a widely employed technique in optogenetics. Selecting a suitable viral vector, such as adeno-associated viruses (AAV), is crucial in efficient gene delivery to cochlear cells. The ChR2 gene is inserted into the viral vector through molecular cloning techniques, and the resulting viral vector is introduced into cochlear cells via direct injection or round window membrane delivery. This allows for the expression of ChR2 and subsequent light sensitivity in targeted cells. Alternatively, direct cell transfection offers a non-viral approach for ChR2 delivery. The ChR2 gene is cloned into a plasmid vector, which is then combined with transfection agents like liposomes or nanoparticles. This mixture is applied to cochlear cells, facilitating the entry of the plasmid DNA into the target cells and enabling ChR2 expression. Optogenetic stimulation using ChR2 allows for precise and selective activation of specific neurons in response to light, potentially overcoming the limitations of current auditory prostheses. Moreover, optogenetics has broader implications in understanding the neural circuits involved in auditory processing and behavior. The combination of optogenetics and gene delivery techniques provides a promising avenue for improving hearing restoration strategies, offering the potential for enhanced frequency resolution, spatial selectivity, and improved auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Kant Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Balaji Ramamourthy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neemu Hage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishna Medha Kappagantu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, All India institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
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Ivanchenko MV, Hathaway DM, Mulhall EM, Booth KT, Wang M, Peters CW, Klein AJ, Chen X, Li Y, György B, Corey DP. PCDH15 Dual-AAV Gene Therapy for Deafness and Blindness in Usher Syndrome Type 1F. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566447. [PMID: 38014037 PMCID: PMC10680673 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Usher syndrome type 1F (USH1F), resulting from mutations in the protocadherin-15 (PCDH15) gene, is characterized by congenital lack of hearing and balance, and progressive blindness in the form of retinitis pigmentosa. In this study, we explore a novel approach for USH1F gene therapy, exceeding the single AAV packaging limit by employing a dual adeno-associated virus (AAV) strategy to deliver the full-length PCDH15 coding sequence. We demonstrate the efficacy of this strategy in mouse USH1F models, effectively restoring hearing and balance in these mice. Importantly, our approach also proves successful in expressing PCDH15 in clinically relevant retinal models, including human retinal organoids and non-human primate retina, showing efficient targeting of photoreceptors and proper protein expression in the calyceal processes. This research represents a major step toward advancing gene therapy for USH1F and the multiple challenges of hearing, balance, and vision impairment.
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Khurana L, Harczos T, Moser T, Jablonski L. En route to sound coding strategies for optical cochlear implants. iScience 2023; 26:107725. [PMID: 37720089 PMCID: PMC10502376 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common human sensory deficit. Severe-to-complete sensorineural hearing loss is often treated by electrical cochlear implants (eCIs) bypassing dysfunctional or lost hair cells by direct stimulation of the auditory nerve. The wide current spread from each intracochlear electrode array contact activates large sets of tonotopically organized neurons limiting spectral selectivity of sound coding. Despite many efforts, an increase in the number of independent eCI stimulation channels seems impossible to achieve. Light, which can be better confined in space than electric current may help optical cochlear implants (oCIs) to overcome eCI shortcomings. In this review, we present the current state of the optogenetic sound encoding. We highlight optical sound coding strategy development capitalizing on the optical stimulation that requires fine-grained, fast, and power-efficient real-time sound processing controlling dozens of microscale optical emitters as an emerging research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Khurana
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Junior Research Group “Computational Neuroscience and Neuroengineering”, Göttingen, Germany
- The Doctoral Program “Sensory and Motor Neuroscience”, Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB), Göttingen, Germany
- InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tamas Harczos
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonski
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Junior Research Group “Computational Neuroscience and Neuroengineering”, Göttingen, Germany
- InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Halfmann C, Rüland T, Müller F, Jehasse K, Kampa BM. Electrophysiological properties of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the primary visual cortex of a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model ( rd10). Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1258773. [PMID: 37780205 PMCID: PMC10540630 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1258773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is one of the main causes of visual impairment and blindness. One group of retinal degenerative diseases, leading to the loss of photoreceptors, is collectively termed retinitis pigmentosa. In this group of diseases, the remaining retina is largely spared from initial cell death making retinal ganglion cells an interesting target for vision restoration methods. However, it is unknown how downstream brain areas, in particular the visual cortex, are affected by the progression of blindness. Visual deprivation studies have shown dramatic changes in the electrophysiological properties of visual cortex neurons, but changes on a cellular level in retinitis pigmentosa have not been investigated yet. Therefore, we used the rd10 mouse model to perform patch-clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex to screen for potential changes in electrophysiological properties resulting from retinal degeneration. Compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice, we only found an increase in intrinsic excitability around the time point of maximal retinal degeneration. In addition, we saw an increase in the current amplitude of spontaneous putative inhibitory events after a longer progression of retinal degeneration. However, we did not observe a long-lasting shift in excitability after prolonged retinal degeneration. Together, our results provide evidence of an intact visual cortex with promising potential for future therapeutic strategies to restore vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claas Halfmann
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüland
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses-MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses-MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2610 Innoretvision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Jehasse
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn M. Kampa
- Systems Neurophysiology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses-MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2610 Innoretvision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA BRAIN, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Hunniford V, Kühler R, Wolf B, Keppeler D, Strenzke N, Moser T. Patient perspectives on the need for improved hearing rehabilitation: A qualitative survey study of German cochlear implant users. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1105562. [PMID: 36755736 PMCID: PMC9899842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The electrical cochlear implant (eCI) partially restores hearing in individuals affected by profound hearing impairment (HI) or deafness. However, the limited resolution of sound frequency coding with eCIs limits hearing in daily situations such as group conversations. Current research promises future improvements in hearing restoration which may involve gene therapy and optical stimulation of the auditory nerve, using optogenetics. Prior to the potential clinical translation of these technologies, it is critical that patients are engaged in order to align future research agendas and technological advancements with their needs. Methods Here, we performed a survey study with hearing impaired, using an eCI as a means of hearing rehabilitation. We distributed a questionnaire to 180 adult patients from the University Medical Center Göttingen's Department of Otolaryngology who were actively using an eCI for 6 months or more during the time of the survey period. Questions revolved around patients needs, and willingness to accept hypothetical risks or drawbacks associated with an optical CI (oCI). Results Eighty-one participants responded to the questionnaire; 68% were greater than 60 years of age and 26% had bilateral eCIs. Participants expressed a need for improving the performance beyond that experienced with their current eCI. Primarily, they desired improved speech comprehension in background noise, greater ability to appreciate music, and more natural sound impression. They expressed a willingness for engaging with new technologies for improved hearing restoration. Notably, participants were least concerned about hypothetically receiving a gene therapy necessary for the oCI implant; but expressed greater reluctance to hypothetically receiving an implant that had yet to be evaluated in a human clinical trial. Conclusion This work provides a preliminary step in engaging patients in the development of a new technology that has the potential to address the limitations of electrical hearing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hunniford
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Sensory and Motor Neuroscience, Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Kühler
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Wolf
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Keppeler
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Nicola Strenzke,
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany,*Correspondence: Tobias Moser,
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Bipolar cell targeted optogenetic gene therapy restores parallel retinal signaling and high-level vision in the degenerated retina. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1116. [PMID: 36266533 PMCID: PMC9585040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic gene therapies to restore vision are in clinical trials. Whilst current clinical approaches target the ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina, new molecular tools enable efficient targeting of the first order retinal interneurons, the bipolar cells, with the potential to restore a higher quality of vision. Here we investigate retinal signaling and behavioral vision in blind mice treated with bipolar cell targeted optogenetic gene therapies. All tested tools, including medium-wave opsin, Opto-mGluR6, and two new melanopsin based chimeras restored visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The best performing opsin was a melanopsin-mGluR6 chimera, which in some cases restored visual acuities and contrast sensitivities that match wild-type animals. Light responses from the ganglion cells were robust with diverse receptive-field types, inferring elaborate inner retinal signaling. Our results highlight the potential of bipolar cell targeted optogenetics to recover high-level vision in human patients with end-stage retinal degenerations. A chimeric Mela(CTmGluR6) optogenetic tool has the potential to restore vision and signaling in a mouse model of degenerative retinal disease.
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Xia G, Shi H, Su Y, Han B, Shen C, Gao S, Chen Z, Xu C. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclases attenuate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008702. [PMID: 36330522 PMCID: PMC9624221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardiopathy, characterized by innate immune cells infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines release, may lead to perfusion failure or even life-threatening cardiogenic shock. Macrophages-mediated inflammation has been shown to contribute to sepsis-induced myocardiopathy. In the current study, we introduced two photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs), Beggiatoa sp. PAC (bPAC) and Beggiatoa sp. IS2 PAC (biPAC) into macrophages by transfection to detect the effects of light-induced regulation of macrophage pro-inflammatory response and LPS-induced sepsis-induced myocardiopathy. By this method, we uncovered that blue light-induced bPAC or biPAC activation considerably inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, both at mRNA and protein levels. Further, we assembled a GelMA-Macrophages-LED system, which consists of GelMA—a type of light crosslink hydrogel, gene modulated macrophages and wireless LED device, to allow light to regulate cardiac inflammation in situ with murine models of LPS-induced sepsis. Our results showed significant inhibition of leukocytes infiltration, especially macrophages and neutrophils, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and alleviation of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Thus, our study may represent an emerging means to treat sepsis-induced myocardiopathy and other cardiovascular diseases by photo-activated regulating macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Wusong Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Congfeng Xu, ; Zhong Chen,
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Congfeng Xu, ; Zhong Chen,
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Differential weighting of temporal envelope cues from the low-frequency region for Mandarin sentence recognition in noise. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:35. [PMID: 35698039 PMCID: PMC9190152 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal envelope cues are conveyed by cochlear implants (CIs) to hearing loss patients to restore hearing. Although CIs could enable users to communicate in clear listening environments, noisy environments still pose a problem. To improve speech-processing strategies used in Chinese CIs, we explored the relative contributions made by the temporal envelope in various frequency regions, as relevant to Mandarin sentence recognition in noise. METHODS Original speech material from the Mandarin version of the Hearing in Noise Test (MHINT) was mixed with speech-shaped noise (SSN), sinusoidally amplitude-modulated speech-shaped noise (SAM SSN), and sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) white noise (4 Hz) at a + 5 dB signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. Envelope information of the noise-corrupted speech material was extracted from 30 contiguous bands that were allocated to five frequency regions. The intelligibility of the noise-corrupted speech material (temporal cues from one or two regions were removed) was measured to estimate the relative weights of temporal envelope cues from the five frequency regions. RESULTS In SSN, the mean weights of Regions 1-5 were 0.34, 0.19, 0.20, 0.16, and 0.11, respectively; in SAM SSN, the mean weights of Regions 1-5 were 0.34, 0.17, 0.24, 0.14, and 0.11, respectively; and in SAM white noise, the mean weights of Regions 1-5 were 0.46, 0.24, 0.22, 0.06, and 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the temporal envelope in the low-frequency region transmits the greatest amount of information in terms of Mandarin sentence recognition for three types of noise, which differed from the perception strategy employed in clear listening environments.
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Gilhooley MJ, Lindner M, Palumaa T, Hughes S, Peirson SN, Hankins MW. A systematic comparison of optogenetic approaches to visual restoration. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:111-123. [PMID: 35402632 PMCID: PMC8956963 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs), vision is lost due to photoreceptor cell death; however, a range of optogenetic tools have been shown to restore light responses in animal models. Restored response characteristics vary between tools and the neuronal cell population to which they are delivered: the interplay between these is complex, but targeting upstream neurons (such as retinal bipolar cells) may provide functional benefit by retaining intraretinal signal processing. In this study, our aim was to compare two optogenetic tools: mammalian melanopsin (hOPN4) and microbial red-shifted channelrhodopsin (ReaChR) expressed within two subpopulations of surviving cells in a degenerate retina. Intravitreal adeno-associated viral vectors and mouse models utilising the Cre/lox system restricted expression to populations dominated by bipolar cells or retinal ganglion cells and was compared with non-targeted delivery using the chicken beta actin (CBA) promoter. In summary, we found bipolar-targeted optogenetic tools produced faster kinetics and flatter intensity-response relationships compared with non-targeted or retinal-ganglion-cell-targeted hOPN4. Hence, optogenetic tools of both mammalian and microbial origins show advantages when targeted to bipolar cells. This demonstrates the advantage of bipolar-cell-targeted optogenetics for vision restoration in IRDs. We therefore developed a bipolar-cell-specific gene delivery system employing a compressed promoter with the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gilhooley
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Jules Thorne SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- The Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, 162, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Moritz Lindner
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Jules Thorne SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Philipps University, Deutschhausstrasse 1-2, Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Teele Palumaa
- Jules Thorne SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- East Tallinn Central Hospital Eye Clinic, Ravi 18, 10138 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Steven Hughes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Jules Thorne SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Stuart N. Peirson
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Jules Thorne SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark W. Hankins
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Jules Thorne SCNi, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Corresponding author Mark W. Hankins, Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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13
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Garrido-Charles A, Huet A, Matera C, Thirumalai A, Hernando J, Llebaria A, Moser T, Gorostiza P. Fast Photoswitchable Molecular Prosthetics Control Neuronal Activity in the Cochlea. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9229-9239. [PMID: 35584208 PMCID: PMC9164239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial control of neuronal activity enables the study of neural circuits and restoration of neural functions. Direct, rapid, and sustained photocontrol of intact neurons could overcome the limitations of established electrical stimulation such as poor selectivity. We have developed fast photoswitchable ligands of glutamate receptors (GluRs) to enable neuronal control in the auditory system. The new photoswitchable ligands induced photocurrents in untransfected neurons upon covalently tethering to endogenous GluRs and activating them reversibly with visible light pulses of a few milliseconds. As a proof of concept of these molecular prostheses, we applied them to the ultrafast synapses of auditory neurons of the cochlea that encode sound and provide auditory input to the brain. This drug-based method afforded the optical stimulation of auditory neurons of adult gerbils at hundreds of hertz without genetic manipulation that would be required for their optogenetic control. This indicates that the new photoswitchable ligands are also applicable to the spatiotemporal control of fast spiking interneurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Garrido-Charles
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science
and Technology, Carrer
de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network
Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory
Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, German
Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines
to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antoine Huet
- Institute
for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory
Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, German
Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines
to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory
Circuit Lab, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science
and Technology, Carrer
de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network
Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli
25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anupriya Thirumalai
- Institute
for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory
Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, German
Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory
Circuit Lab, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola
del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute
for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory
Neuroscience and Optogenetics Group, German
Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines
to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science
and Technology, Carrer
de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network
Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced
Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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[Optogenetics and cell replacement in retinology : Regenerative ophthalmology-What we can do!]. Ophthalmologe 2022; 119:910-918. [PMID: 35536395 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For many degenerative retinal diseases that progressively lead to blindness, no treatment options are available so far. In recent years, several innovative therapies have been experimentally explored, which are promising because they are independent of the genetic cause of the degenerative disease. One of these is optogenetics, which involves light-sensitive proteins that selectively act as ion channels or ion pumps to control the potential of the treated cell. Thus, these cells can be stimulated or inhibited by light, quasi functionally remote controlled. In this way artificial photoreceptors are induced from the remaining cells, which has already been successfully employed in animal experiments. This type of treatment is already being tested on patients and leads to an improvement in vision, but so far only data from one patient are available. The use of optogenetics additionally requires special eyeglasses to adapt the light impulses in adequate strength and wavelength for the respective optogenes. Another exciting approach is cell replacement therapy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells to exchange degenerated cell material. This appears to be very successful for RPE cells in clinical trials. Obtaining human photoreceptors from stem cells is technically possible, but very laborious. The integration of the transplanted photoreceptors into the host retinal tissue also needs further optimization for broader clinical applications; however, both cell replacement and optogenetics approaches are promising, so that the translation from basic research into clinical application will be successful.
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15
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Bali B, Gruber-Dujardin E, Kusch K, Rankovic V, Moser T. Analyzing efficacy, stability, and safety of AAV-mediated optogenetic hearing restoration in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/8/e202101338. [PMID: 35512833 PMCID: PMC9258265 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This longitudinal study revealed stable expression of the fast-gating channelrhodopsin f-Chrimson in cochlear neurons of mice over at least 2 yr upon a single postnatal AAV dosing of the cochlea. AAV-mediated optogenetic neural stimulation has become a clinical approach for restoring function in sensory disorders and feasibility for hearing restoration has been indicated in rodents. Nonetheless, long-term stability and safety of AAV-mediated channelrhodopsin (ChR) expression in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) remained to be addressed. Here, we used longitudinal studies on mice subjected to early postnatal administration of AAV2/6 carrying fast gating ChR f-Chrimson under the control of the human synapsin promoter unilaterally to the cochlea. f-Chrimson expression in SGNs in both ears and the brain was probed in animals aged 1 mo to 2 yr. f-Chrimson was observed in SGNs at all ages indicating longevity of ChR-expression. SGN numbers in the AAV-injected cochleae declined with age faster than in controls. Investigations were extended to the brain in which viral transduction was observed across the organ at varying degrees irrespective of age without observing viral spread-related pathologies. No viral DNA or virus-related histopathological findings in visceral organs were encountered. In summary, our study demonstrates life-long (24 mo in mice) expression of f-Chrimson in SGNs upon single AAV-dosing of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Bali
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Restorative Cochlear Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Kusch
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Functional Auditory Genomics, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany .,Restorative Cochlear Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany .,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Manousiouthakis E, Park J, Hardy JG, Lee JY, Schmidt CE. Towards the translation of electroconductive organic materials for regeneration of neural tissues. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:22-42. [PMID: 34339871 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based conductive and electroactive materials (e.g., derivatives of graphene, fullerenes, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline) have been studied since the 1970s for use in a broad range of applications. These materials have electrical properties comparable to those of commonly used metals, while providing other benefits such as flexibility in processing and modification with biologics (e.g., cells, biomolecules), to yield electroactive materials with biomimetic mechanical and chemical properties. In this review, we focus on the uses of these electroconductive materials in the context of the central and peripheral nervous system, specifically recent studies in the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, brain, eye, and ear. We also highlight in vivo studies and clinical trials, as well as a snapshot of emerging classes of electroconductive materials (e.g., biodegradable materials). We believe such specialized electrically conductive biomaterials will clinically impact the field of tissue regeneration in the foreseeable future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review addresses the use of conductive and electroactive materials for neural tissue regeneration, which is of significant interest to a broad readership, and of particular relevance to the growing community of scientists, engineers and clinicians in academia and industry who develop novel medical devices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The review covers the materials that may be employed (primarily focusing on derivatives of fullerenes, graphene and conjugated polymers) and techniques used to analyze materials composed thereof, followed by sections on the application of these materials to nervous tissues (i.e., peripheral nerve, spinal cord, brain, optical, and auditory tissues) throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Manousiouthakis
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Junggeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - John G Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom; Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States.
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17
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Abdelfattah AS, Ahuja S, Akkin T, Allu SR, Brake J, Boas DA, Buckley EM, Campbell RE, Chen AI, Cheng X, Čižmár T, Costantini I, De Vittorio M, Devor A, Doran PR, El Khatib M, Emiliani V, Fomin-Thunemann N, Fainman Y, Fernandez-Alfonso T, Ferri CGL, Gilad A, Han X, Harris A, Hillman EMC, Hochgeschwender U, Holt MG, Ji N, Kılıç K, Lake EMR, Li L, Li T, Mächler P, Miller EW, Mesquita RC, Nadella KMNS, Nägerl UV, Nasu Y, Nimmerjahn A, Ondráčková P, Pavone FS, Perez Campos C, Peterka DS, Pisano F, Pisanello F, Puppo F, Sabatini BL, Sadegh S, Sakadzic S, Shoham S, Shroff SN, Silver RA, Sims RR, Smith SL, Srinivasan VJ, Thunemann M, Tian L, Tian L, Troxler T, Valera A, Vaziri A, Vinogradov SA, Vitale F, Wang LV, Uhlířová H, Xu C, Yang C, Yang MH, Yellen G, Yizhar O, Zhao Y. Neurophotonic tools for microscopic measurements and manipulation: status report. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:013001. [PMID: 35493335 PMCID: PMC9047450 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.s1.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last seven years, Neurophotonics' agenda has been well aligned with this focus on neurotechnologies featuring new optical methods and tools applicable to brain studies. While the BRAIN Initiative 2.0 is pivoting towards applications of these novel tools in the quest to understand the brain, this status report reviews an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain function that have emerged from the BRAIN Initiative and related large-scale efforts for measurement and manipulation of brain structure and function. Here, we focus on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies. A companion report, scheduled to appear later this year, will cover diffuse optical imaging methods applicable to noninvasive human studies. For each domain, we outline the current state-of-the-art of the respective technologies, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Abdelfattah
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Sapna Ahuja
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Taner Akkin
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua Brake
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, Claremont, California, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Alberta, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anderson I. Chen
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Costantini
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patrick R. Doran
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mirna El Khatib
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Natalie Fomin-Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yeshaiahu Fainman
- University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Tomas Fernandez-Alfonso
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. L. Ferri
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ariel Gilad
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute for Medical Research Israel–Canada, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xue Han
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew Harris
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Central Michigan University, Department of Neuroscience, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
| | - Na Ji
- University of California Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evelyn M. R. Lake
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lei Li
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Tianqi Li
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- University of California Berkeley, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | | | - U. Valentin Nägerl
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience University of Bordeaux & CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Petra Ondráčková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco S. Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- University of Florence, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Florence, Italy
| | - Citlali Perez Campos
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Arnesano, Italy
| | - Francesca Puppo
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Bernardo L. Sabatini
- Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sanaz Sadegh
- University of California San Diego, Departments of Neurosciences, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shy Shoham
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sanaya N. Shroff
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R. Angus Silver
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth R. Sims
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Spencer L. Smith
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- New York University Langone Health, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lei Tian
- Boston University, Departments of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lin Tian
- University of California Davis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis, California, United States
| | - Thomas Troxler
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Antoine Valera
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, New York, New York, United States
- The Rockefeller University, The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology, Bioengineering, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chris Xu
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Changhuei Yang
- California Institute of Technology, Departments of Electrical Engineering, Bioengineering and Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Mu-Han Yang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Gary Yellen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Janovjak
- EMBL Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Botto C, Dalkara D, El-Amraoui A. Progress in Gene Editing Tools and Their Potential for Correcting Mutations Underlying Hearing and Vision Loss. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:737632. [PMID: 34778871 PMCID: PMC8581640 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.737632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness and deafness are the most frequent sensory disorders in humans. Whatever their cause - genetic, environmental, or due to toxic agents, or aging - the deterioration of these senses is often linked to irreversible damage to the light-sensing photoreceptor cells (blindness) and/or the mechanosensitive hair cells (deafness). Efforts are increasingly focused on preventing disease progression by correcting or replacing the blindness and deafness-causal pathogenic alleles. In recent years, gene replacement therapies for rare monogenic disorders of the retina have given positive results, leading to the marketing of the first gene therapy product for a form of childhood hereditary blindness. Promising results, with a partial restoration of auditory function, have also been reported in preclinical models of human deafness. Silencing approaches, including antisense oligonucleotides, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microRNA delivery, and genome-editing approaches have also been applied to various genetic forms of blindness and deafness The discovery of new DNA- and RNA-based CRISPR/Cas nucleases, and the new generations of base, prime, and RNA editors offers new possibilities for directly repairing point mutations and therapeutically restoring gene function. Thanks to easy access and immune-privilege status of self-contained compartments, the eye and the ear continue to be at the forefront of developing therapies for genetic diseases. Here, we review the ongoing applications and achievements of this new class of emerging therapeutics in the sensory organs of vision and hearing, highlighting the challenges ahead and the solutions to be overcome for their successful therapeutic application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Botto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
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Kralik J, Kleinlogel S. Functional Availability of ON-Bipolar Cells in the Degenerated Retina: Timing and Longevity of an Optogenetic Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111515. [PMID: 34768944 PMCID: PMC8584043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases of the retina are responsible for the death of photoreceptors and subsequent loss of vision in patients. Nevertheless, the inner retinal layers remain intact over an extended period of time, enabling the restoration of light sensitivity in blind retinas via the expression of optogenetic tools in the remaining retinal cells. The chimeric Opto-mGluR6 protein represents such a tool. With exclusive ON-bipolar cell expression, it combines the light-sensitive domains of melanopsin and the intracellular domains of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), which naturally mediates light responses in these cells. Albeit vision restoration in blind mice by Opto-mGluR6 delivery was previously shown, much is left to be explored in regard to the effects of the timing of the treatment in the degenerated retina. We performed a functional evaluation of Opto-mGluR6-treated murine blind retinas using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) and observed long-term functional preservation in the treated retinas, as well as successful therapeutical intervention in later stages of degeneration. Moreover, the treatment decreased the inherent retinal hyperactivity of the degenerated retinas to levels undistinguishable from healthy controls. Finally, we observed for the first time micro electroretinograms (mERGs) in optogenetically treated animals, corroborating the origin of Opto-mGluR6 signalling at the level of mGluR6 of ON-bipolar cells.
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Oestreicher D, Picher MM, Rankovic V, Moser T, Pangrsic T. Cabp2-Gene Therapy Restores Inner Hair Cell Calcium Currents and Improves Hearing in a DFNB93 Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:689415. [PMID: 34489639 PMCID: PMC8417311 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.689415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of auditory synaptopathies like other genetic hearing disorders is currently limited to the use of hearing aids or cochlear implants. However, future gene therapy promises restoration of hearing in selected forms of monogenic hearing impairment, in which cochlear morphology is preserved over a time window that enables intervention. This includes non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing impairment DFNB93, caused by defects in the CABP2 gene. Calcium-binding protein 2 (CaBP2) is a potent modulator of inner hair cell (IHC) voltage-gated calcium channels CaV1.3. Based on disease modeling in Cabp2–/– mice, DFNB93 hearing impairment has been ascribed to enhanced steady-state inactivation of IHC CaV1.3 channels, effectively limiting their availability to trigger synaptic transmission. This, however, does not seem to interfere with cochlear development and does not cause early degeneration of hair cells or their synapses. Here, we studied the potential of a gene therapeutic approach for the treatment of DFNB93. We used AAV2/1 and AAV-PHP.eB viral vectors to deliver the Cabp2 coding sequence into IHCs of early postnatal Cabp2–/– mice and assessed the level of restoration of hair cell function and hearing. Combining in vitro and in vivo approaches, we observed high transduction efficiency, and restoration of IHC CaV1.3 function resulting in improved hearing of Cabp2–/– mice. These preclinical results prove the feasibility of DFNB93 gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oestreicher
- Experimental Otology Group, InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Magdalena Picher
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Restorative Cochlear Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Pangrsic
- Experimental Otology Group, InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Bansal H, Gupta N, Roy S. Theoretical analysis of optogenetic spiking with ChRmine, bReaChES and CsChrimson-expressing neurons for retinal prostheses. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34229315 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Optogenetics has emerged as a promising technique for neural prosthetics, especially retinal prostheses, with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Newly discovered opsins with high light sensitivity and fast temporal kinetics can provide sufficient temporal resolution at safe light powers and overcome the limitations of presently used opsins. It is also important to formulate accurate mathematical models for optogenetic retinal prostheses, which can facilitate optimization of photostimulation factors to improve the performance.Approach.A detailed theoretical analysis of optogenetic excitation of model retinal ganglion neurons (RGNs) and hippocampal neurons expressed with already tested opsins for retinal prostheses, namely, ChR2, ReaChR and ChrimsonR, and also with recently discovered potent opsins CsChrimson, bReaChES and ChRmine, was carried out.Main results.Under continuous illumination, ChRmine-expressing RGNs begin to respond at very low irradiances ∼10-4mW mm-2, and evoke firing upto ∼280 Hz, highest among other opsin-expressing RGNs, at 10-2mW mm-2. Under pulsed illumination at randomized photon fluxes, ChRmine-expressing RGNs respond to changes in pulse to pulse irradiances upto four logs, although very bright pulses >1014photons mm-2s-1block firing in these neurons. The minimum irradiance threshold for ChRmine-expressing RGNs is lower by two orders of magnitude, whereas, the first spike latency in ChRmine-expressing RGNs is shorter by an order of magnitude, alongwith stable latency of subsequest spikes compared to others. Further, a good set of photostimulation parameters were determined to achieve high-frequency control with single spike resolution at minimal power. Although ChrimsonR enables spiking upto 100 Hz in RGNs, it requires very high irradiances. ChRmine provides control at light powers that are two orders of magnitude smaller than that required with experimentally studied opsins, while maintaining single spike temporal resolution upto 40 Hz.Significance.The present study highlights the importance of ChRmine as a potential opsin for optogenetic retinal prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Bansal
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 282005, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 282005, India
| | - Sukhdev Roy
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra 282005, India
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Bali B, Lopez de la Morena D, Mittring A, Mager T, Rankovic V, Huet AT, Moser T. Utility of red-light ultrafast optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13391. [PMID: 33960685 PMCID: PMC8185542 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the ear provides a future alternative to electrical stimulation used in current cochlear implants. Here, we employed fast and very fast variants of the red-light-activated channelrhodopsin (ChR) Chrimson (f-Chrimson and vf-Chrimson) to study their utility for optogenetic stimulation of SGNs in mice. The light requirements were higher for vf-Chrimson than for f-Chrimson, even when optimizing membrane expression of vf-Chrimson by adding potassium channel trafficking sequences. Optogenetic time and intensity coding by single putative SGNs were compared with coding of acoustic clicks. vf-Chrimson enabled putative SGNs to fire at near-physiological rates with good temporal precision up to 250 Hz of stimulation. The dynamic range of SGN spike rate coding upon optogenetic stimulation was narrower than for acoustic clicks but larger than reported for electrical stimulation. The dynamic range of spike timing, on the other hand, was more comparable for optogenetic and acoustic stimulation. In conclusion, f-Chrimson and vf-Chrimson are promising candidates for optogenetic stimulation of SGNs in auditory research and future cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Bali
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Restorative Cochlear Genomics GroupAuditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - David Lopez de la Morena
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience GroupMax‐Planck‐Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Artur Mittring
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Circuit LabInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Thomas Mager
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Restorative Cochlear Genomics GroupAuditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Antoine Tarquin Huet
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Circuit LabInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience GroupMax‐Planck‐Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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Abstract
The cochlea of our auditory system is an intricate structure deeply embedded in the temporal bone. Compared with other sensory organs such as the eye, the cochlea has remained poorly accessible for investigation, for example, by imaging. This limitation also concerns the further development of technology for restoring hearing in the case of cochlear dysfunction, which requires quantitative information on spatial dimensions and the sensorineural status of the cochlea. Here, we employed X-ray phase-contrast tomography and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and their combination for multiscale and multimodal imaging of cochlear morphology in species that serve as established animal models for auditory research. We provide a systematic reference for morphological parameters relevant for cochlear implant development for rodent and nonhuman primate models. We simulate the spread of light from the emitters of the optical implants within the reconstructed nonhuman primate cochlea, which indicates a spatially narrow optogenetic excitation of spiral ganglion neurons.
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Ingles-Prieto A, Furthmann N, Crossman SH, Tichy AM, Hoyer N, Petersen M, Zheden V, Biebl J, Reichhart E, Gyoergy A, Siekhaus DE, Soba P, Winklhofer KF, Janovjak H. Optogenetic delivery of trophic signals in a genetic model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009479. [PMID: 33857132 PMCID: PMC8049241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has been harnessed to shed new mechanistic light on current and future therapeutic strategies. This has been to date achieved by the regulation of ion flow and electrical signals in neuronal cells and neural circuits that are known to be affected by disease. In contrast, the optogenetic delivery of trophic biochemical signals, which support cell survival and are implicated in degenerative disorders, has never been demonstrated in an animal model of disease. Here, we reengineered the human and Drosophila melanogaster REarranged during Transfection (hRET and dRET) receptors to be activated by light, creating one-component optogenetic tools termed Opto-hRET and Opto-dRET. Upon blue light stimulation, these receptors robustly induced the MAPK/ERK proliferative signaling pathway in cultured cells. In PINK1B9 flies that exhibit loss of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a kinase associated with familial Parkinson's disease (PD), light activation of Opto-dRET suppressed mitochondrial defects, tissue degeneration and behavioral deficits. In human cells with PINK1 loss-of-function, mitochondrial fragmentation was rescued using Opto-dRET via the PI3K/NF-кB pathway. Our results demonstrate that a light-activated receptor can ameliorate disease hallmarks in a genetic model of PD. The optogenetic delivery of trophic signals is cell type-specific and reversible and thus has the potential to inspire novel strategies towards a spatio-temporal regulation of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ingles-Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nikolas Furthmann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Samuel H. Crossman
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra-Madelaine Tichy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hoyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Petersen
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Zheden
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Biebl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Reichhart
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daria E. Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Soba
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Huet AT, Dombrowski T, Rankovic V, Thirumalai A, Moser T. Developing Fast, Red-Light Optogenetic Stimulation of Spiral Ganglion Neurons for Future Optical Cochlear Implants. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:635897. [PMID: 33776648 PMCID: PMC7991399 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.635897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic stimulation of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) promises an alternative to the electrical stimulation by current cochlear implants (CIs) for improved hearing restoration by future optical CIs (oCIs). Most of the efforts in using optogenetic stimulation in the cochlea so far used early postnatal injection of viral vectors carrying blue-light activated channelrhodopsins (ChRs) into the cochlea of mice. However, preparing clinical translation of the oCI requires (i) reliable and safe transduction of mature SGNs of further species and (ii) use of long-wavelength light to avoid phototoxicity. Here, we employed a fast variant of the red-light activated channelrhodopsin Chrimson (f-Chrimson) and different AAV variants to implement optogenetic SGN stimulation in Mongolian gerbils. We compared early postnatal (p8) and adult (>8 weeks) AAV administration, employing different protocols for injection of AAV-PHP.B and AAV2/6 into the adult cochlea. Success of the optogenetic manipulation was analyzed by optically evoked auditory brainstem response (oABR) and immunohistochemistry of mid-modiolar cryosections of the cochlea. In order to most efficiently evaluate the immunohistochemical results a semi-automatic procedure to identify transduced cells in confocal images was developed. Our results indicate that the rate of SGN transduction is significantly lower for AAV administration into the adult cochlea compared to early postnatal injection. SGN transduction upon AAV administration into the adult cochlea was largely independent of the chosen viral vector and injection approach. The higher the rate of SGN transduction, the lower were oABR thresholds and the larger were oABR amplitudes. Our results highlight the need to optimize viral vectors and virus administration for efficient optogenetic manipulation of SGNs in the adult cochlea for successful clinical translation of SGN-targeting gene therapy and of the oCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tarquin Huet
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Dombrowski
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Restorative Cochlear Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anupriya Thirumalai
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Reh M, Lee MJ, Schmierer J, Zeck G. Spatial and temporal resolution of optogenetically recovered vision in ChR2-transduced mouse retina. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33545694 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe39a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) represent an attractive target in vision restoration strategies, because they undergo little degeneration compared to other retinal neurons. Here we investigated the temporal and spatial resolution in adult photoreceptor-degenerated (rd10) mouse retinas, where RGCs have been transduced with the optogenetic actuator channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). APPROACH The RGC spiking activity was recorded continuously with a CMOS-based microelectrode array during a variety of photostimulation protocols. The temporal resolution was assessed through Gaussian white noise stimuli and evaluated using a linear-nonlinear-Poisson model. Spatial sensitivity was assessed upon photostimulation with single rectangular pulses stepped across the retina and upon stimulation with alternating gratings of different spatial frequencies. Spatial sensitivity was estimated using logistic regression or by evaluating the spiking activity of independent RGCs. MAIN RESULTS The temporal resolution after photostimulation displayed an about ten times faster kinetics as compared to physiological filters in wild-type RGCs. The optimal spatial resolution estimated using the logistic regression model was 10 µm and 87 µm based on the population response. These values correspond to an equivalent acuity of 1.7 or 0.2 cycles per degree, which is better than expected from the size of RGCs' optogenetic receptive fields. SIGNIFICANCE The high temporal and spatial resolution obtained by photostimulation of optogenetically transduced RGCs indicate that high acuity vision restoration may be obtained by photostimulation of appropriately modified RGCs in photoreceptor-degenerated retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reh
- Neurophysics, NMI, Markwiesenstraße 55, Reutlingen, 72770, GERMANY
| | - Meng-Jung Lee
- Neurophysics, NMI, Markwiesenstraße 55, Reutlingen, 72770, GERMANY
| | - Julia Schmierer
- Neurophysics, NMI, Markwiesenstraße 55, Reutlingen, 72770, GERMANY
| | - Guenther Zeck
- Neurophysics, NMI, Markwiesenstraße 55, Reutlingen, 72770, GERMANY
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Agarwal A, Tan X, Xu Y, Richter CP. Channel Interaction During Infrared Light Stimulation in the Cochlea. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:986-997. [PMID: 33476051 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The number of perceptually independent channels to encode acoustic information is limited in contemporary cochlear implants (CIs) because of the current spread in the tissue. It has been suggested that neighboring electrodes have to be separated in humans by a distance of more than 2 mm to eliminate significant overlap of the electric current fields and subsequent interaction between the channels. It has also been argued that an increase in the number of independent channels could improve CI user performance in challenging listening environments, such as speech in noise, tonal languages, or music perception. Optical stimulation has been suggested as an alternative modality for neural stimulation because it is spatially selective. This study reports the results of experiments designed to quantify the interaction between neighboring optical sources in the cochlea during stimulation with infrared radiation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In seven adult albino guinea pigs, a forward masking method was used to quantify the interaction between two neighboring optical sources during stimulation. Two optical fibers were placed through cochleostomies into the scala tympani of the basal cochlear turn. The radiation beams were directed towards different neuron populations along the spiral ganglion. Optically evoked compound action potentials were recorded for different radiant energies and distances between the optical fibers. The outcome measure was the radiant energy of a masker pulse delivered 3 milliseconds before a probe pulse to reduce the response evoked by the probe pulse by 3 dB. Results were compared for different distances between the fibers placed along the cochlea. RESULTS The energy required to reduce the probe's response by 3 dB increased by 20.4 dB/mm and by 26.0 dB/octave. The inhibition was symmetrical for the masker placed basal to the probe (base-to-apex) and the masker placed apical to the probe (apex-to-base). CONCLUSION The interaction between neighboring optical sources during infrared laser stimulation is less than the interaction between neighboring electrical contacts during electrical stimulation. Previously published data for electrical stimulation reported an average current spread in human and cat cochleae of 2.8 dB/mm. With the increased number of independent channels for optical stimulation, it is anticipated that speech and music performance will improve. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Agarwal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Yingyue Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
| | - Claus-Peter Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 320 E. Superior Street, Searle 12-561, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E310, Evanston, Illinois, 60208.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Hugh Knowles Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
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Wrobel C, Zafeiriou MP, Moser T. Understanding and treating paediatric hearing impairment. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103171. [PMID: 33422987 PMCID: PMC7808910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most frequent form of hearing impairment affecting 1-2 in 1000 newborns and another 1 in 1000 adolescents. More than 50% of congenital hearing impairment is of genetic origin and some forms of monogenic deafness are likely targets for future gene therapy. Good progress has been made in clinical phenotyping, genetic diagnostics, and counselling. Disease modelling, e.g. in transgenic mice, has helped elucidate disease mechanisms underlying genetic hearing impairment and informed clinical phenotyping in recent years. Clinical management of paediatric hearing impairment involves hearing aids, cochlear or brainstem implants, signal-to-noise improvement in educational settings, speech therapy, and sign language. Cochlear implants, for example, have much improved the situation of profoundly hearing impaired and deaf children. Nonetheless there remains a major unmet clinical need for improving hearing restoration. Preclinical studies promise that we will witness clinical trials on gene therapy and a next generation of cochlear implants during the coming decade. Moreover, progress in generating sensory hair cells and neurons from stem cells spurs disease modelling, drug screening, and regenerative approaches. This review briefly summarizes the pathophysiology of paediatric hearing impairment and provides an update on the current preclinical development of innovative approaches toward improved hearing restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wrobel
- Department of Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany; Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria-Patapia Zafeiriou
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany.
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30
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Rankovic V, Vogl C, Dörje NM, Bahader I, Duque-Afonso CJ, Thirumalai A, Weber T, Kusch K, Strenzke N, Moser T. Overloaded Adeno-Associated Virus as a Novel Gene Therapeutic Tool for Otoferlin-Related Deafness. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:600051. [PMID: 33488357 PMCID: PMC7817888 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder in humans. So far, rehabilitation of profoundly deaf subjects relies on direct stimulation of the auditory nerve through cochlear implants. However, in some forms of genetic hearing impairment, the organ of Corti is structurally intact and therapeutic replacement of the mutated gene could potentially restore near natural hearing. In the case of defects of the otoferlin gene (OTOF), such gene therapy is hindered by the size of the coding sequence (~6 kb) exceeding the cargo capacity (<5 kb) of the preferred viral vector, adeno-associated virus (AAV). Recently, a dual-AAV approach was used to partially restore hearing in deaf otoferlin knock-out (Otof-KO) mice. Here, we employed in vitro and in vivo approaches to assess the gene-therapeutic potential of naturally-occurring and newly-developed synthetic AAVs overloaded with the full-length Otof coding sequence. Upon early postnatal injection into the cochlea of Otof-KO mice, overloaded AAVs drove specific expression of otoferlin in ~30% of all IHCs, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence labeling and polymerase chain reaction. Recordings of auditory brainstem responses and a behavioral assay demonstrated partial restoration of hearing. Together, our results suggest that viral gene therapy of DFNB9—using a single overloaded AAV vector—is indeed feasible, reducing the complexity of gene transfer compared to dual-AAV approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Restorative Cochlear Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Vogl
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Presynaptogenesis and Intracellular Transport in Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nele M Dörje
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Presynaptogenesis and Intracellular Transport in Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iman Bahader
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Systems Physiology Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carlos J Duque-Afonso
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anupriya Thirumalai
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Restorative Cochlear Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Systems Physiology Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Rong H, Lai X, Mahmoudi E, Fang H. Exposure to Chinese famine in early life and the risk of sensory impairment in adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 75:16-21. [PMID: 32859671 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that malnutrition in early life has a negative effect on midlife cognitive functions. Little is known, however, about the relationship between early-life malnutrition and visual, hearing or dual sensory impairments in adulthood. This study aims to investigate the association between exposure to the 1959-1961 Chinese famine in early life and sensory impairments in adulthood. METHODS A total of 6347 adults born between 1952 and 1964 surveyed in the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included in this study. The presence of sensory impairments was identified by self-reported assessment of visual and hearing functions. The associations between multi-stage early-life famine exposure and sensory functions were estimated using the multiple generalised linear model. RESULTS Compared with the unexposed group, respondents exposed to famine in the fetal period and late childhood had a significantly higher risk of hearing impairment (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.24; OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.50) and dual sensory impairments (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.11; OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.21), respectively. Furthermore, in severely famine-affected areas, the early, mid and late childhood-exposed groups were more likely to have hearing and dual sensory impairments than the unexposed group. Those associations were not observed in less famine-affected areas. However, no significant association was found between famine exposure and visual impairment in early-life famine-exposed group. CONCLUSION Exposure to Chinese famine in the fetal period and late childhood was linked to hearing and dual sensory impairments in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Rong
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Excellence in Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lai
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Elham Mahmoudi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China .,Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Center for Vaccine Economics, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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32
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Dieter A, Klein E, Keppeler D, Jablonski L, Harczos T, Hoch G, Rankovic V, Paul O, Jeschke M, Ruther P, Moser T. μLED-based optical cochlear implants for spectrally selective activation of the auditory nerve. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12387. [PMID: 32596983 PMCID: PMC7411546 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical cochlear implants (eCIs) partially restore hearing and enable speech comprehension to more than half a million users, thereby re-connecting deaf patients to the auditory scene surrounding them. Yet, eCIs suffer from limited spectral selectivity, resulting from current spread around each electrode contact and causing poor speech recognition in the presence of background noise. Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory nerve might overcome this limitation as light can be conveniently confined in space. Here, we combined virus-mediated optogenetic manipulation of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and microsystems engineering to establish acute multi-channel optical cochlear implant (oCI) stimulation in adult Mongolian gerbils. oCIs based on 16 microscale thin-film light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) evoked tonotopic activation of the auditory pathway with high spectral selectivity and modest power requirements in hearing and deaf gerbils. These results prove the feasibility of μLED-based oCIs for spectrally selective activation of the auditory nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dieter
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Present address:
Synaptic Wiring LabCenter for Molecular Neurobiology HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Eric Klein
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Keppeler
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Lukasz Jablonski
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Tamas Harczos
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Gerhard Hoch
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Vladan Rankovic
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Restorative Cochlear Genomics GroupAuditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Oliver Paul
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- BrainLinks‐BrainToolsCluster of ExcellenceUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marcus Jeschke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Cognitive Hearing in Primates GroupAuditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Patrick Ruther
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK)University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- BrainLinks‐BrainToolsCluster of ExcellenceUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience GroupMax Planck Institute for Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
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