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Mingo YB, Gabele L, Lonnemann N, Brône B, Korte M, Hosseini S. The effects of urolithin A on poly I:C-induced microglial activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1343562. [PMID: 38577490 PMCID: PMC10993698 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1343562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, including viral infections. Viruses can directly invade the brain and infect neuronal cells or indirectly trigger a "cytokine storm" in the periphery that eventually leads to microglial activation in the brain. While this initial activation of microglial cells is important for viral clearance, chronic activation leads to excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, which can be neurotoxic. Remarkebly, recent studies have shown that certain viruses such as influenza A virus, coronavirus, herpes virus and Epstein-Barr virus may be involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it is important to find therapeutic strategies against chronic neuroinflammation triggered by viral infections. Here, we investigated the effects of urolithin A (UA) on microglial activation in vitro induced by a viral mimetic, poly I:C, in a triple co-culture system of neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells. Immunocytochemistry was used to perform a comprehensive single-cell analysis of the morphological changes of microglia as an indicator of their reactive state. Treatment with UA significantly prevented the poly I:C-induced reactive state of microglia, which was characterized by increased expression of the microglial activation markers CD68 and IBA-1. UA restored the poly I:C-induced morphology by restoring microglial ramification. In addition, UA was able to reduce the release of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2, TNF-α, and IL-1β and showed a trend toward attenuation of cellular ROS production in poly I:C-treated cultures. Overall, this study suggests that UA as a component of a healthy diet may help prevent virus-induced neuroinflammation and may have therapeutic potential for future studies to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the associated neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakum Benard Mingo
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lea Gabele
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bert Brône
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wei Y, Gu Y, Zhou Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Sun H. TRIM21 Promotes Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis through the SQSTM1-NRF2-KEAP1 Axis to Increase the Titers of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3315. [PMID: 38542289 PMCID: PMC10970474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) is involved in signal transduction and antiviral responses through the ubiquitination of protein targets. TRIM21 was reported to be related to the imbalance of host cell homeostasis caused by viral infection. Our studies indicated that H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection up-regulated TRIM21 expression in A549 cells. Western blot and qPCR results showed that knockdown of TRIM21 alleviated oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by H5N1 HPAIV and promoted the activation of antioxidant pathways. Co-IP results showed that TRIM21 promoted oxidative stress and ferroptosis by regulating the SQSTM1-NRF2-KEAP1 axis by increasing SQSTM1 K63-linked polyubiquitination under the condition of HPAIV infection. In addition, TRIM21 attenuated the inhibitory effect of antioxidant NAC on HPAIV titers and enhanced the promoting effect of ferroptosis agonist Erastin on HPAIV titers. Our findings provide new insight into the role of TRIM21 in oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Hashemi Sheikhshabani S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Amini-Farsani Z, Modarres P, Khazaei Feyzabad S, Amini-Farsani Z, Shaygan N, Omrani MD. In Silico Prediction of Functional SNPs Interrupting Antioxidant Defense Genes in Relation to COVID-19 Progression. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10705-9. [PMID: 38460087 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The excessive production of reactive oxygen species and weakening of antioxidant defense system play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Extensive differences observed among individuals in terms of affliction with cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, bacterial, and viral infections, as well as response to treatments can be partly due to their genomic variations. In this work, we attempted to predict the effect of SNPs of the key genes of antioxidant defense system on their structure, function, and expression in relation to COVID-19 pathogenesis using in silico tools. In addition, the effect of SNPs on the target site binding efficiency of SNPs was investigated as a factor with potential to change drug response or susceptibility to COVID-19. According to the predicted results, only six missense SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.1 in the coding region of genes GPX7, GPX8, TXNRD2, GLRX5, and GLRX were able to strongly affect their structure and function. Our results predicted that 39 SNPs with MAF ≥ 0.1 led to the generation or destruction of miRNA-binding sites on target antioxidant genes from GPX, PRDX, GLRX, TXN, and SOD families. The results obtained from comparing the expression profiles of mild vs. severe COVID-19 patients using GEO2R demonstrated a significant change in the expression of approximately 250 miRNAs. The binding efficiency of 21 of these miRNAs was changed due to the elimination or generation of target sites in these genes. Altogether, this study reveals the fundamental role of the SNPs of antioxidant defense genes in COVID-19 progression and susceptibility of individuals to this virus. In addition, different responses of COVID-19 patients to antioxidant defense system enhancement drugs may be due to presence of these SNPs in different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hashemi Sheikhshabani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amini-Farsani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Modarres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Khazaei Feyzabad
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Amini-Farsani
- Bayesian Imaging and Spatial Statistics Group, Institute of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Ludwigstraße 33, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Nasibeh Shaygan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Coelho Ferraz A, Bueno da Silva Menegatto M, Lameira Souza Lima R, Samuel Ola-Olub O, Caldeira Costa D, Carlos de Magalhães J, Maurício Rezende I, Desiree LaBeaud A, P Monath T, Augusto Alves P, Teixeira de Carvalho A, Assis Martins-Filho O, P Drumond B, Magalhães CLDB. Yellow fever virus infection in human hepatocyte cells triggers an imbalance in redox homeostasis with increased reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:266-273. [PMID: 38278309 PMCID: PMC10911966 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) presents a wide spectrum of severity, with clinical manifestations in humans ranging from febrile and self-limited to fatal cases. Although YF is an old disease for which an effective and safe vaccine exists, little is known about the viral- and host-specific mechanisms that contribute to liver pathology. Several studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress triggered by viral infections contributes to pathogenesis. We evaluated whether yellow fever virus (YFV), when infecting human hepatocytes cells, could trigger an imbalance in redox homeostasis, culminating in oxidative stress. YFV infection resulted in a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi). When measuring oxidative parameters at 4 dpi, YFV infection caused oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation/8-isoprostane, carbonyl protein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in addition to a reduction in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), indicating a pro-oxidant environment. However, no changes were observed in the enzymatic activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT) or in the gene expression of SOD isoforms (1/2/3), CAT, or GPx. Therefore, our results show that YFV infection generates an imbalance in redox homeostasis, with the overproduction of ROS and depletion of antioxidant enzymes, which induces oxidative damage to cellular constituents. Moreover, as it has been demonstrated that oxidative stress is a conspicuous event in YFV infection, therapeutic strategies based on antioxidant biopharmaceuticals may be new targets for the treatment of YF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Coelho Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marília Bueno da Silva Menegatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Lameira Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Oluwashola Samuel Ola-Olub
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício Rezende
- Pandemic Preparedenss Hub, Divison of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, United States
| | | | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira de Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betânia P Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cintia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Beránková Z, Khanna R, Spěváková M, Langhansová H, Kopecký J, Lieskovská J. Cellular stress is triggered by tick-borne encephalitis virus and limits the virus replication in PMJ2-R mouse macrophage cell line. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102269. [PMID: 37813002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection may represent a stress condition to the host cell. Cells react to it by triggering the defence programme to restore homeostasis and these events may in turn impact the viral replication. The knowledge about tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection-associated stress is limited. Here we investigated the interplay between TBEV infection and stress pathways in PMJ2-R mouse macrophage cell line, as macrophages are the target cells in early phases of TBEV infection. First, to determine how stress influences TBEV replication, the effect of stress inducers H2O2 and tunicamycin (TM) was tested. Viral multiplication was decreased in the presence of both stress inducers suggesting that the stress and cellular stress responses restrict the virus replication. Second, we investigated the induction of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon TBEV infection. The level of oxidative stress was interrogated by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS were intermittently increased in infected cells at 12 hpi and at 72 hpi. As mitochondrial dysfunction may result in increased ROS level, we evaluated the mitochondrial homeostasis by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and found that TBEV infection induced the hyperpolarization of MMP. Moreover, a transient increase of gene expression of stress-induced antioxidative enzymes, like p62, Gclm and Hmox1, was detected. Next, we evaluated the ER stress upon TBEV infection by analysing unfolded protein responses (UPR). We found that infection induced gene expression of two general sensors BiP and CHOP and activated the IRE1 pathway of UPR. Finally, since the natural transmission route of TBEV from its tick vector to the host is mediated via tick saliva, the impact of tick saliva from Ixodes ricinus on stress pathways in TBEV-infected cells was tested. We observed only marginal potentiation of UPR pathway. In conclusion, we found that TBEV infection of PMJ2-R cells elicits the changes in redox balance and triggers cellular stress defences, including antioxidant responses and the IRE1 pathway of UPR. Importantly, our results revealed the negative effect of stress-evoked events on TBEV replication and only marginal impact of tick saliva on stress cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Beránková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ritesh Khanna
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Spěváková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Langhansová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecký
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Lieskovská
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Weber MN, da Silva MS. Corona- and Paramyxoviruses in Bats from Brazil: A Matter of Concern? Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:88. [PMID: 38200819 PMCID: PMC10778288 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiroptera are one of the most diverse mammal orders. They are considered reservoirs of main human pathogens, where coronaviruses (CoVs) and paramyxoviruses (PMVs) may be highlighted. Moreover, the growing number of publications on CoVs and PMVs in wildlife reinforces the scientific community's interest in eco-vigilance, especially because of the emergence of important human pathogens such as the SARS-CoV-2 and Nipha viruses. Considering that Brazil presents continental dimensions, is biologically rich containing one of the most diverse continental biotas and presents a rich biodiversity of animals classified in the order Chiroptera, the mapping of CoV and PMV genetics related to human pathogens is important and the aim of the present work. CoVs can be classified into four genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus and Gammacoronavirus. Delta- and gammacoronaviruses infect mainly birds, while alpha- and betacoronaviruses contain important animal and human pathogens. Almost 60% of alpha- and betacoronaviruses are related to bats, which are considered natural hosts of these viral genera members. The studies on CoV presence in bats from Brazil have mainly assayed phyllostomid, molossid and vespertilionid bats in the South, Southeast and North territories. Despite Brazil not hosting rhinophilid or pteropodid bats, which are natural reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs and henipaviruses, respectively, CoVs and PMVs reported in Brazilian bats are genetically closely related to some human pathogens. Most works performed with Brazilian bats reported alpha-CoVs that were closely related to other bat-CoVs, despite a few reports of beta-CoVs grouped in the Merbecovirus and Embecovirus subgenera. The family Paramyxoviridae includes four subfamilies (Avulavirinae, Metaparamyxovirinae, Orthoparamyxovirinae and Rubulavirinae), and bats are significant drivers of PMV cross-species viral transmission. Additionally, the studies that have evaluated PMV presence in Brazilian bats have mainly found sequences classified in the Jeilongvirus and Morbillivirus genera that belong to the Orthoparamyxovirinae subfamily. Despite the increasing amount of research on Brazilian bats, studies analyzing these samples are still scarce. When surveying the representativeness of the CoVs and PMVs found and the available genomic sequences, it can be perceived that there may be gaps in the knowledge. The continuous monitoring of viral sequences that are closely related to human pathogens may be helpful in mapping and predicting future hotspots in the emergence of zoonotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Nunes Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade FEEVALE, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, RS, Brazil;
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Song W, Shan A. Vitamin E-Inhibited Phoxim-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro of Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2000. [PMID: 38001853 PMCID: PMC10668979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to phoxim at low levels caused bioaccumulation with neurotoxicity but also induced oxidative stress, tissue damage, and abnormal nutrient metabolism. This study described that vitamin E ameliorates phoxim-induced nephrotoxicity via inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. In vivo, 24 healthy piglets were treated with phoxim (0 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and vitamin E + phoxim (vitamin E + phoxim: 200 mg/kg + 500 mg/kg). In vitro, PK15 cells were treated with phoxim (0 mg/L and 1 mg/L) and vitamin E + phoxim (phoxim + vitamin E: 1 mg/L + 1 mg/L) for 12 h and 24 h. Our results indicated that accumulation of ROS, oxidative stress, and renal cell injury through stimulation of mitochondrial apoptosis resulted in phoxim-induced nephrotoxicity. Phoxim resulted in swollen mitochondria, blurred internal cristae, renal glomerular atrophy, and renal interstitial fibrosis. Vitamin E alleviated the adverse effects of phoxim by reducing ROS and improving antioxidant capacity in vivo and in vitro. Vitamin E significantly increased SDH in vitro (p < 0.01), while it decreased ROS, Bad, and cyto-c in vitro and SOD and CAT in vivo (p < 0.05). Vitamin E ameliorated phoxim-induced renal histopathologic changes, and mitochondria swelled. In addition, vitamin E regulates phoxim-induced apoptosis by alleviating oxidative damage to the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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8
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Mehrani Y, Knapp JP, Kakish JE, Tieu S, Javadi H, Chan L, Stegelmeier AA, Napoleoni C, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Murine Mast Cells That Are Deficient in IFNAR-Signaling Respond to Viral Infection by Producing a Large Amount of Inflammatory Cytokines, a Low Level of Reactive Oxygen Species, and a High Rate of Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14141. [PMID: 37762443 PMCID: PMC10531704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mat cells (MCs) are located in the skin and mucous membranes at points where the body meets the environment. When activated, MCs release inflammatory cytokines, which help the immune system to fight viruses. MCs produce, and have receptors for interferons (IFNs), which belong to a family of cytokines recognized for their antiviral properties. Previously, we reported that MCs produced proinflammatory cytokines in response to a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSVΔm51) and that IFNAR signaling was required to down-modulate these responses. Here, we have demonstrated that UV-irradiated rVSVΔm51 did not cause any inflammatory cytokines in either in vitro cultured mouse IFNAR-intact (IFNAR+/+), or in IFNAR-knockout (IFNAR-/-) MCs. However, the non-irradiated virus was able to replicate more effectively in IFNAR-/- MCs and produced a higher level of inflammatory cytokines compared with the IFNAR+/+ MCs. Interestingly, MCs lacking IFNAR expression displayed reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with IFNAR+/+ MCs. Additionally, upon the viral infection, these IFNAR-/- MCs were found to coexist with many dying cells within the cell population. Based on our findings, IFNAR-intact MCs exhibit a lower rate of rVSVΔm51 infectivity and lower levels of cytokines while demonstrating higher levels of ROS. This suggests that MCs with intact IFNAR signaling may survive viral infections by producing cell-protective ROS mechanisms and are less likely to die than IFNAR-/- cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Jason P. Knapp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Sophie Tieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Ashley A. Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Christina Napoleoni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (J.P.K.); (J.E.K.); (S.T.); (L.C.); (A.A.S.); (C.N.)
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9
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He X, Li X, Tian W, Li C, Li P, Zhao J, Yang S, Li S. The role of redox-mediated lysosomal dysfunction and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115121. [PMID: 37418979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the dynamic equilibrium between oxidant and reducing agent in the body which plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological activities of the body. The imbalance of redox homeostasis can lead to the development of various human diseases. Lysosomes regulate the degradation of cellular proteins and play an important role in influencing cell function and fate, and lysosomal dysfunction is closely associated with the development of various diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that redox homeostasis plays a direct or indirect role in regulating lysosomes. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the role and mechanisms of redox homeostasis in the regulation of lysosomal function. Therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of redox exerted to disrupt or restore lysosomal function are further discussed. Uncovering the role of redox in the regulation of lysosomes helps to point new directions for the treatment of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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10
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Shoraka S, Samarasinghe AE, Ghaemi A, Mohebbi SR. Host mitochondria: more than an organelle in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1228275. [PMID: 37692170 PMCID: PMC10485703 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the world has been facing viral pandemic called COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) caused by a new beta-coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, or SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 patients may present with a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to requiring intensive care support. The severe form of COVID-19 is often marked by an altered immune response and cytokine storm. Advanced age, age-related and underlying diseases, including metabolic syndromes, appear to contribute to increased COVID-19 severity and mortality suggesting a role for mitochondria in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, since the immune system is associated with mitochondria and its damage-related molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), the host mitochondrial system may play an important role during viral infections. Viruses have evolved to modulate the immune system and mitochondrial function for survival and proliferation, which in turn could lead to cellular stress and contribute to disease progression. Recent studies have focused on the possible roles of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been suggested that mitochondrial hijacking by SARS-CoV-2 could be a key factor in COVID-19 pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondria in viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 infection based on past and present knowledge. Paying attention to the role of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 infection will help to better understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to achieve effective methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Shoraka
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Popović M, Nuskern L, Peranić K, Vuković R, Katanić Z, Krstin L, Ćurković-Perica M, Leigh DM, Poljak I, Idžojtić M, Rigling D, Ježić M. Physiological variations in hypovirus-infected wild and model long-term laboratory strains of Cryphonectria parasitica. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192996. [PMID: 37426020 PMCID: PMC10324583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Forest ecosystems are highly threatened by the simultaneous effects of climate change and invasive pathogens. Chestnut blight, caused by the invasive phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, has caused severe damage to European chestnut groves and catastrophic dieback of American chestnut in North America. Within Europe, the impacts of the fungus are widely mitigated through biological control that utilizes the RNA mycovirus: Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). Viral infections, similarly to abiotic factors, can cause oxidative stress in their hosts leading to physiological attrition through stimulating ROS (reactive oxygen species) and NOx production. Methods To fully understand the interactions leading to the biocontrol of chestnut blight, it is vital to determine oxidative stress damage arising during CHV1 infection, especially considering that other abiotic factors, like long-term cultivation of model fungal strains, can also impact oxidative stress. Our study compared CHV1-infected C. parasitica isolates from two Croatian wild populations with CHV1-infected model strains (EP713, Euro7 and CR23) that have experienced long-term laboratory cultivation. Results and Discussion We determined the level of oxidative stress in the samples by measuring stress enzymes' activity and oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, for the wild populations, we studied the activity of fungal laccases, expression of the laccase gene lac1, and a possible effect of CHV1 intra-host diversity on the observed biochemical responses. Relative to the wild isolates, the long-term model strains had lower enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total non-protein thiols. This indicated generally higher oxidative stress, likely arising from their decades-long history of subculturing and freeze-thaw cycles. When comparing the two wild populations, differences between them in stress resilience and levels of oxidative stress were also observed, as evident from the different MDA content. The intra-host genetic diversity of the CHV1 had no discernible effect on the stress levels of the virus-infected fungal cultures. Our research indicated that an important determinant modulating both lac1 expression and laccase enzyme activity is intrinsic to the fungus itself, possibly related to the vc type of the fungus, i.e., vegetative incompatibility genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Popović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Nuskern
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla Peranić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rosemary Vuković
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zorana Katanić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Krstin
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | | | - Igor Poljak
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marin Ježić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Gu H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Qu H, Li Y, Ahmed AA, Liu HY, Hu P, Cai D. Hepatic Anti-Oxidative Genes CAT and GPX4 Are Epigenetically Modulated by RORγ/NRF2 in Alphacoronavirus-Exposed Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1305. [PMID: 37372035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of alpha-coronaviruses, PEDV could lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration in newborn piglets. Given that lipid peroxides in the liver are key mediators of cell proliferation and death, the role and regulation of endogenous lipid peroxide metabolism in response to coronavirus infection need to be illuminated. The enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, mitochondrial complex-I, complex-III, and complex-V, along with the glutathione and ATP contents, were significantly decreased in the liver of PEDV piglets. In contrast, the lipid peroxidation biomarkers, malondialdehyde, and ROS were markedly elevated. Moreover, we found that the peroxisome metabolism was inhibited by the PEDV infection using transcriptome analysis. These down-regulated anti-oxidative genes, including GPX4, CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GCLC, and SLC7A11, were further validated by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Because the nuclear receptor RORγ-driven MVA pathway is critical for LPO, we provided new evidence that RORγ also controlled the genes CAT and GPX4 involved in peroxisome metabolism in the PEDV piglets. We found that RORγ directly binds to these two genes using ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analysis, where PEDV strongly repressed the binding enrichments. The occupancies of histone active marks such as H3K9/27ac and H3K4me1/2, together with active co-factor p300 and polymerase II at the locus of CAT and GPX4, were significantly decreased. Importantly, PEDV infection disrupted the physical association between RORγ and NRF2, facilitating the down-regulation of the CAT and GPX4 genes at the transcriptional levels. RORγ is a potential factor in modulating the CAT and GPX4 gene expressions in the liver of PEDV piglets by interacting with NRF2 and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yaya Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Abdelkareem A Ahmed
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur University College, Nyala 56022, Sudan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
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13
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Ma J, Xu C, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Xue M, Cao J, Li S, Fan Y. Metabolomics in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after infection by attenuated and virulent grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108840. [PMID: 37207884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV Ⅱ) causes hemorrhagic disease in a variety fish, seriously affecting the aquaculture industry in China. However, the pathogenesis of GCRV Ⅱ is unclear. Rare minnow is an ideal model organism to study the pathogenesis of GCRV Ⅱ. Herein, we applied liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics to investigate metabolic responses in the spleen and hepatopancreas of rare minnow injected with virulent GCRV Ⅱ isolate DY197 and attenuated isolate QJ205. Results indicated that marked metabolic changes were identified in both the spleen and hepatopancreas after GCRV Ⅱ infection, and the virulent DY197 strain induced more significantly different metabolites (SDMs) than the attenuated QJ205 strain. Moreover, most SDMs were downregulated in the spleen and tend to be upregulated in hepatopancreas. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that tissue-specific metabolic responses were identified after viruses infection, and the virulent DY197 strain induced more SDMs involved in amino acid metabolism in the spleen, especially the tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, which were essential for immune regulation in host; Meanwhile, nucleotide metabolism, protein synthesis and metabolism related pathways were enriched in the hepatopancreas by both virulent and attenuated strains. Our findings revealed the large scale metabolic alterations in rare minnow in response to attenuated and virulent GCRV Ⅱ infection, which will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of viruses and host-pathogens interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Jiajia Cao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Yuding Fan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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14
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Mariano A, Bigioni I, Marchetti M, Scotto d'Abusco A, Superti F. Repositioned Natural Compounds and Nanoformulations: A Promising Combination to Counteract Cell Damage and Inflammation in Respiratory Viral Infections. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104045. [PMID: 37241786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral diseases are among the most important causes of disability, morbidity, and death worldwide. Due to the limited efficacy or side effects of many current therapies and the increase in antiviral-resistant viral strains, the need to find new compounds to counteract these infections is growing. Since the development of new drugs is a time-consuming and expensive process, numerous studies have focused on the reuse of commercially available compounds, such as natural molecules with therapeutic properties. This phenomenon is generally called drug repurposing or repositioning and represents a valid emerging strategy in the drug discovery field. Unfortunately, the use of natural compounds in therapy has some limitations, due to their poor kinetic performance and consequently reduced therapeutic effect. The advent of nanotechnology in biomedicine has allowed this limitation to be overcome, showing that natural compounds in nanoform may represent a promising strategy against respiratory viral infections. In this narrative review, the beneficial effects of some promising natural molecules, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and vitamin C, which have been already studied both in native form and in nanoform, against respiratory viral infections are presented and discussed. The review focuses on the ability of these natural compounds, analyzed in in vitro and in vivo studies, to counteract inflammation and cellular damage induced by viral infection and provide scientific evidence of the benefits of nanoformulations in increasing the therapeutic potential of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bigioni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Magda Marchetti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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15
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Ianiro G, D'Ezio V, Carpinelli L, Casella C, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Rosa L, Valenti P, Colasanti M, Musci G, Cutone A, Persichini T. Iron Saturation Drives Lactoferrin Effects on Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity Induced by HIV-1 Tat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097947. [PMID: 37175651 PMCID: PMC10178013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is involved in virus replication and infection and can promote oxidative stress in human astroglial cells. In response, host cells activate transcription of antioxidant genes, including a subunit of System Xc- cystine/glutamate antiporter which, in turn, can trigger glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Here, we present data on the efficacy of bovine Lactoferrin (bLf), both in its native (Nat-bLf) and iron-saturated (Holo-bLf) forms, in counteracting oxidative stress in U373 human astroglial cells constitutively expressing the viral protein (U373-Tat). Our results show that, dependent on iron saturation, both Nat-bLf and Holo-bLf can boost host antioxidant response by up-regulating System Xc- and the cell iron exporter Ferroportin via the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway, thus reducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in astrocytes. In U373-Tat cells, both forms of bLf restore the physiological internalization of Transferrin (Tf) Receptor 1, the molecular gate for Tf-bound iron uptake. The involvement of astrocytic antioxidant response in Tat-mediated neurotoxicity was evaluated in co-cultures of U373-Tat with human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. The results show that the Holo-bLf exacerbates Tat-induced excitotoxicity on SH-SY5Y, which is directly dependent on System-Xc- upregulation, thus highlighting the mechanistic role of iron in the biological activities of the glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Ianiro
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Veronica D'Ezio
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Casella
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
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16
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Basaran MM, Hazar M, Aydın M, Uzuğ G, Özdoğan İ, Pala E, Aydın Dilsiz S, Basaran N. Effects of COVID-19 Disease on DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress and Immune Responses. TOXICS 2023; 11:386. [PMID: 37112613 PMCID: PMC10145820 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a great threat to public health and has caused concern due to its fatal consequences over the last few years. Most people with COVID-19 show mild-to-moderate symptoms and recover without the need for special treatment, while others become seriously ill and need medical attention. Additionally, some serious outcomes, such as heart attacks and even stroke, have been later reported in patients who had recovered. There are limited studies on how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects some molecular pathways, including oxidative stress and DNA damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate DNA damage, using the alkaline comet assay, and its relationship with oxidative stress and immune response parameters in COVID-19-positive patients. Our results show that DNA damage, oxidative stress parameters and cytokine levels significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients when compared with healthy controls. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on DNA damage, oxidative stress and immune responses may be crucial in the pathophysiology of the disease. It is suggested that the illumination of these pathways will contribute to the development of clinical treatments and to reduce adverse effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mert Basaran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36000 Kars, Türkiye
| | - Merve Hazar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İbrahim Cecen University, 04100 Ağrı, Türkiye;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Mehtap Aydın
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, 34764 İstanbul, Türkiye; (M.A.); (G.U.); (İ.Ö.)
| | - Gülsüm Uzuğ
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, 34764 İstanbul, Türkiye; (M.A.); (G.U.); (İ.Ö.)
| | - İlkima Özdoğan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, 34764 İstanbul, Türkiye; (M.A.); (G.U.); (İ.Ö.)
| | - Emin Pala
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, 34764 İstanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Sevtap Aydın Dilsiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, 06490 Ankara, Türkiye
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17
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Alomair BM, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Buhadily AK, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alshammari MA, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Mixed storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review and new term in the Covid-19 era. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e838. [PMID: 37102645 PMCID: PMC10132185 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to the global pandemic worldwide. Systemic complications in Covid-19 are mainly related to the direct SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects, associated hyperinflammation, hypercytokinemia, and the development of cytokine storm (CS). As well, Covid-19 complications are developed due to the propagation of oxidative and thrombotic events which may progress to a severe state called oxidative storm and thrombotic storm (TS), respectively. In addition, inflammatory and lipid storms are also developed in Covid-19 due to the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of bioactive lipids correspondingly. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to elucidate the interrelated relationship between different storm types in Covid-19 and the development of the mixed storm (MS). In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces various storm types including CS, inflammatory storm, lipid storm, TS and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the MS seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid-19 than CS, since it develops in Covid-19 due to the intricate interface between reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, complement activation, coagulation disorders, and activated inflammatory signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Mohammed Alomair
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Al-Buhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine, and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Majed Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa, Matruh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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18
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Singh D, Soorneedi AR, Vaze N, Domitrovic R, Sharp F, Lindsey D, Rohr A, Moore MD, Koutrakis P, Nardell E, Demokritou P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate inactivation on surfaces and in air using UV and blue light-based intervention technologies. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:200-211. [PMID: 36594726 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2157907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need to utilize existing and develop new intervention technologies for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation on surfaces and in the air. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been shown to be an effective antimicrobial intervention. Here a study was conducted to determine the efficacy of commercially available UV and blue light-based devices for inactivating HCoV-229E, a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2. The results indicate that two UV devices designed for surface disinfection, with doses of 8.07 µJ/cm2 for the 254 nm device and 20.61 µJ/cm2 for the 275 nm device, were efficient in inactivating 4.94 logs of surface inoculated HCoV-229E. Additionally, a 222 nm UV device with intended ceiling-based operation was effective in inactivating 1.7 logs of the virus inoculated on surface, with a dose of 6 mJ/cm2. A ceiling-based device designed to emit blue light at 405 nm was found to produce 89% reduction in HCoV-229E inoculated on a surface for a dose of 78 J/cm2. Finally, the UV based 222 nm device was found to produce a 90% reduction in the concentration of airborne HCoV-229E, at a 55 µJ/cm2 dose. These results are indicative of the great potential of using UV based technology for the control of SARS-CoV-2.Implications: An important avenue of arresting COVID-19 and future pandemics caused by infectious pathogens is through environmental disinfection. To this effect, the study presented here evaluates commercially available UV and blue light based antimicrobial devices for their ability to kill the human coronavirus HCoV-229E, a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2, on surfaces and in air. The results indicate that two handheld UV devices produced complete inactivation of surface viral inoculum and a UVC ceiling based device produced 1 log reduction in HCoV-229E in air. These results imply the efficacy of UV technology as an antimicrobial tool, especially for rapid disinfection of indoor air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand R Soorneedi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Research Center, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ron Domitrovic
- The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Frank Sharp
- The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Annette Rohr
- The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ed Nardell
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Global Health Equity, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Research Center, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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19
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Sutter J, Bruggeman PJ, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC, Miller V. Manipulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Non-Thermal Plasma to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4673. [PMID: 36902102 PMCID: PMC10003306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a contagious pathogen with a large global footprint, due to its ability to cause lifelong infection in patients. Current antiviral therapies are effective in limiting viral replication in the epithelial cells to alleviate clinical symptoms, but ineffective in eliminating latent viral reservoirs in neurons. Much of HSV-1 pathogenesis is dependent on its ability to manipulate oxidative stress responses to craft a cellular environment that favors HSV-1 replication. However, to maintain redox homeostasis and to promote antiviral immune responses, the infected cell can upregulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) while having a tight control on antioxidant concentrations to prevent cellular damage. Non-thermal plasma (NTP), which we propose as a potential therapy alternative directed against HSV-1 infection, is a means to deliver RONS that affect redox homeostasis in the infected cell. This review emphasizes how NTP can be an effective therapy for HSV-1 infections through the direct antiviral activity of RONS and via immunomodulatory changes in the infected cells that will stimulate anti-HSV-1 adaptive immune responses. Overall, NTP application can control HSV-1 replication and address the challenges of latency by decreasing the size of the viral reservoir in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sutter
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Peter J. Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Fred C. Krebs
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Vandana Miller
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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20
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Liu YX, Yang JY, Sun JL, Wang AC, Wang XY, Zhu LB, Cao HH, Huang ZH, Liu SH, Xu JP. Reactive oxygen species-mediated phosphorylation of JNK is involved in the regulation of BmFerHCH on Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123834. [PMID: 36842745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation is widely observed during virus infection, modulating various aspects of the virus-host interaction. In our previous research, we have proved that B. mori ferritin heavy-chain homolog (BmFerHCH), an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS), facilitates B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) proliferation. However, one question remains: Which downstream signaling pathways does BmFerHCH regulate by inhibiting ROS? Here, we first determined that silencing BmFerHCH inhibits BmNPV proliferation, and this inhibition depends on ROS. Then, we substantiated that BmNPV infection activates the JNK signaling pathway. Interestingly, the JNK phosphorylation during BmNPV infection is activated by ROS. Further, we found that the enhanced nuclear translocation of phospho-JNK induced by BmNPV infection was dramatically reduced by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), whereas there was more detectable phospho-JNK in the cytoplasm. Next, we investigated how changes in BmFerHCH expression affect JNK phosphorylation. BmFerHCH overexpression suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear translocation of phospho-JNK during BmNPV infection, whereas BmFerHCH knockdown facilitated phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear translocation of phospho-JNK. By measuring the viral load, we found the inhibitory effect of BmFerHCH knockdown on BmNPV infection depends on phosphorylated JNK. In addition, the JNK signaling pathway was involved in BmNPV-triggered apoptosis. Hence, we hypothesize that ROS-mediated JNK phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of BmFerHCH on BmNPV proliferation. These results elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of BmFerHCH-mediated response to BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China; National Navel Orange Engineering and Technology Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun-Long Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - An-Cheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing-Ya Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui-Hua Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus that causes respiratory illness. Older adults and individuals who have pre-existing chronic medical conditions are at higher risk for more serious complications from COVID-19. Hypovitaminosis D is attributed to the increased risk of lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as diabetes, cardiovascular events and associated comorbidities, which are the main causes of severe clinical complications in COVID-19 patients. Considering the defensive role of vitamin D, mediated through modulation of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as inhibition of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), vitamin D supplementation might boost the immune system of COVID-19 patients and reduce severity of the disease in vitamin D deficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Honardoost
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardio-Oncology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghavideldarestani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Tavassolifar MJ, Aghdaei HA, Sadatpour O, Maleknia S, Fayazzadeh S, Mohebbi SR, Montazer F, Rabbani A, Zali MR, Izad M, Meyfour A. New insights into extracellular and intracellular redox status in COVID-19 patients. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102563. [PMID: 36493512 PMCID: PMC9715463 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance of redox homeostasis induces hyper-inflammation in viral infections. In this study, we explored the redox system signature in response to SARS-COV-2 infection and examined the status of these extracellular and intracellular signatures in COVID-19 patients. METHOD The multi-level network was constructed using multi-level data of oxidative stress-related biological processes, protein-protein interactions, transcription factors, and co-expression coefficients obtained from GSE164805, which included gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. Top genes were designated based on the degree and closeness centralities. The expression of high-ranked genes was evaluated in PBMCs and nasopharyngeal (NP) samples of 30 COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls. The intracellular levels of GSH and ROS/O2• - and extracellular oxidative stress markers were assayed in PBMCs and plasma samples by flow cytometry and ELISA. ELISA results were applied to construct a classification model using logistic regression to differentiate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls. RESULTS CAT, NFE2L2, SOD1, SOD2 and CYBB were 5 top genes in the network analysis. The expression of these genes and intracellular levels of ROS/O2• - were increased in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients while the GSH level decreased. The expression of high-ranked genes was lower in NP samples of COVID-19 patients compared to control group. The activity of extracellular enzymes CAT and SOD, and the total oxidant status (TOS) level were increased in plasma samples of COVID-19 patients. Also, the 2-marker panel of CAT and TOS and 3-marker panel showed the best performance. CONCLUSION SARS-COV-2 disrupts the redox equilibrium in immune cells and the upper respiratory tract, leading to exacerbated inflammation and increased replication and entrance of SARS-COV-2 into host cells. Furthermore, utilizing markers of oxidative stress as a complementary validation to discriminate COVID-19 from healthy controls, seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Tavassolifar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadatpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Maleknia
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fayazzadeh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Montazer
- Department of Pathology, Firoozabadi Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhassan Rabbani
- Department of Transplant & Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Izad
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Shrivastava AK, Sahu PK, Cecchi T, Shrestha L, Shah SK, Gupta A, Palikhey A, Joshi B, Gupta PP, Upadhyaya J, Paudel M, Koirala N. An emerging natural antioxidant therapy for COVID‐19 infection patients: Current and future directions. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmacy Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | | | - Laxmi Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Sanjay Kumar Shah
- Department of Reproductive MedicineJoint Inter‐national Research Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongquing Medical University ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjan Palikhey
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Bishal Joshi
- Department of Physiology, Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Pramodkumar P. Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
| | - Jitendra Upadhyaya
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Chitwan Nepal
| | - Mahendra Paudel
- Department of Agri‐Botany and Ecology Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Mahendranagar Nepal
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Natural Products Research FacilityGandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology Pokhara, Gandaki Province Nepal
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24
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Gain C, Song S, Angtuaco T, Satta S, Kelesidis T. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of infections with coronaviruses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111930. [PMID: 36713204 PMCID: PMC9880066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory tract infections and may also impact other end organs such as the central nervous system, the lung and the heart. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a devastating impact on humanity. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, will set the foundation for development of new treatments to attenuate the impact of infections with coronaviruses on host cells and tissues. During infection of host cells, coronaviruses trigger an imbalance between increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant host responses that leads to increased redox stress. Subsequently, increased redox stress contributes to reduced antiviral host responses and increased virus-induced inflammation and apoptosis that ultimately drive cell and tissue damage and end organ disease. However, there is limited understanding how different coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, manipulate cellular machinery that drives redox responses. This review aims to elucidate the redox mechanisms involved in the replication of coronaviruses and associated inflammation, apoptotic pathways, autoimmunity, vascular dysfunction and tissue damage that collectively contribute to multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Falco A, Piscitelli P, Vito D, Pacella F, Franco C, Pulimeno M, Ambrosino P, Arias J, Miani A. COVID-19 epidemic spread and green areas Italy and Spain between 2020 and 2021: An observational multi-country retrospective study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114089. [PMID: 36007572 PMCID: PMC9393106 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have proposed that environmental factors influencing human wellbeing, such as chronic exposures to high levels of particulate matter, could indirectly or even directly affect also the severity of COVID-19 disease in case of infection by novel coronavirus SARS-COV2. This study has investigated the association between COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations or deaths and the extension of public green areas (km2 per 100,000 based on OECD data of 2014), an indicator that has been chosen as independent endpoint variable to test the research hypothesis in 10 Italian and 8 Spanish Provinces with more than 500.000 inhabitants, including capitals (Rome and Madrid) and bigger cities (Bologna, Catania, Florence, Genoa, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Turin and Venice for Italy; Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Malaga, Las Palmas and Bilbao for Spain). Two different methodologies have been applied: a bottom-up approach was applied to Spanish institutional data concerning contagions/hospitalizations/deaths and the extent of public green areas for each responder to an official questionnaire in the frame of a nationwide survey (with detailed data granularity per province) containing specific georeferenced information; a top-down approach was used for Italy, starting from the official figures of contagions/hospitalizations/deaths of each province and linking them to the OECD statistics about the extension of public green areas in the different areas. Linear and generalized models were used for statistical analyses including also PM2.5 in a multivariate approach (with annual average concentrations from official air quality monitoring stations) and were able to adjust for the different number inhabitants living in each province, in order to take into account the difference in contagion dynamics related to the different density of population. The results obtained for Spain are consistent with those observed for Italy, as for both countries, it has clearly emerged a statistically significant association between COVID-19 clinical features (contagions, hospitalizations, and deaths) and the extension of public green areas, as well as the annual average concentrations of PM2.5 (with this latter variable loosing statistical significance in some province). Therefore, the extension of public green areas and air pollution seem to have a high correlation with COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Falco
- University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Italian Society of Environmental Medicine, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Vito
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Arias
- Dean of Medical School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine, Milan, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milan, Italy
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Dong W, Gan S, Du J, Zhou X, Fang W, Wang X, Song H. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus activates PERK-ROS axis to benefit its replication in Vero E6 cells. Vet Res 2023; 54:9. [PMID: 36737830 PMCID: PMC9897154 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the three branches of unfolded protein response (UPR) that were reportedly activated by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), PERK is recently shown to act as an upstream regulator of oxidative response of the cells. However, it remains unknown if and how PERK activation during PEDV infection would result in oxidative stress, and whether activation of PERK and its downstream molecules affect PEDV replication. Here, we demonstrate that infection with the PEDV strain YJH/2015 triggered UPR in Vero E6 cells by activating the PERK/eIF2α pathway and led to significant increase in the expression of proapoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and ER oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1α). Inhibition of PERK by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or GSK2606414 and knockdown of CHOP by small interfering RNA reduced expression of ERO1α and generation of ROS in PEDV-infected cells. Inhibition of ERO1α by shRNA or EN460 decreased PEDV-induced ROS generation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of each component of PERK, CHOP, ERO1α, and ROS led to significant suppression of PEDV replication. Collectively, our study provides the first evidence that PEDV manipulates endoplasmic reticulum to perturb its redox homeostasis via the PERK-CHOP-ERO1α-ROS axis in favor of its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Zhou
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Wanyu Dong
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Shiqi Gan
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Jing Du
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Xingdong Zhou
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- grid.443483.c0000 0000 9152 7385Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Bagayoko S, Meunier E. Emerging roles of ferroptosis in infectious diseases. FEBS J 2022; 289:7869-7890. [PMID: 34670020 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, lipid peroxidation is a continuously occurring cellular process and therefore involved in various physiological and pathological contexts. Among the broad variety of lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constitute a major target of oxygenation either when released as mediators by phospholipases or when present in membranous phospholipids. The last decade has seen the characterization of an iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell necrosis, namely, ferroptosis, that involves the accumulation of peroxidized PUFA-containing phospholipids. Further studies could link ferroptosis in a very large body of (physio)-pathological processes, including cancer, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we mostly focus on the emerging involvement of lipid peroxidation-driven ferroptosis in infectious diseases, and the immune consequences. We also discuss the putative ability of microbial virulence factors to exploit or to dampen ferroptosis regulatory pathways to their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Bagayoko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, France
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Kim YC, Won SY, Jeong BH. No association of prion protein gene ( PRNP) polymorphisms with susceptibility to the pandemic 2009 swine flu. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022; 19:1-5. [PMID: 36408482 PMCID: PMC9660098 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The pandemic 2009 swine flu is a highly infectious respiratory disorder caused by H1N1 influenza A viruses. A recent study reported that knockout of the prion protein gene (PRNP) induced susceptibility and lethality in influenza A virus-infected mice. Objective Thus, we examined the association between genetic variations of the PRNP gene and susceptibility to pandemic 2009 swine flu. Results We did not find an association between PRNP polymorphisms and susceptibility to pandemic 2009 swine flu. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this was the first evaluation of the association between PRNP polymorphisms and vulnerability to pandemic 2009 swine flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Won
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
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29
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007816. [PMID: 36386929 PMCID: PMC9664149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart disease and stroke, cancer and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), involve both, (1) oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and (2) inflammation. The GSH tripeptide (γ- L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine), the most abundant water-soluble non-protein thiol in the cell (1-10 mM) is fundamental for life by (a) sustaining the adequate redox cell signaling needed to maintain physiologic levels of oxidative stress fundamental to control life processes, and (b) limiting excessive oxidative stress that causes cell and tissue damage. GSH activity is facilitated by activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 that regulates expression of genes controlling antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced (>98% of total GSH) and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms, and the concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell. GSH depletion may play a central role in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue these diseases. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against systemic inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration.
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Festa J, Singh H, Hussain A, Da Boit M. Elderberries as a potential supplement to improve vascular function in a SARS-CoV-2 environment. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14091. [PMID: 35118699 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although recent studies demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 possibly does not directly infect endothelial cells (EC), the endothelium may be affected as a secondary response due to the damage of neighboring cells, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and/or other mechanisms. Long-term COVID-19 symptoms specifically nonrespiratory symptoms are due to the persistence of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Based on the literature, anthocyanins a major subgroup of flavonoid polyphenols found in berries, have been well researched for their vascular protective properties as well as the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths. Elderberries have been previously used as a natural remedy for treating influenza, cold, and consequently cardiovascular health due to a high content of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) a major anthocyanin found in the human diet. The literature reported many studies demonstrating that EE has both antiviral and vascular protective properties that should be further investigated as a nutritional component used against the (in)direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 in vascular function. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: While previous work among the literature looks promising and builds a suggestion for investigating elderberry extract (EE) against COVID-19, further in vitro and in vivo research is required to fully evaluate EE mechanisms of action and its use as a supplement to aid current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Damle VG, Wu K, Arouri DJ, Schirhagl R. Detecting free radicals post viral infections. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:8-23. [PMID: 36002131 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Free radical generation plays a key role in viral infections. While free radicals have an antimicrobial effect on bacteria or fungi, their interplay with viruses is complicated and varies greatly for different types of viruses as well as different radical species. In some cases, radical generation contributes to the defense against the viruses and thus reduces the viral load. In other cases, radical generation induces mutations or damages the host tissue and can increase the viral load. This has led to antioxidants being used to treat viral infections. Here we discuss the roles that radicals play in virus pathology. Furthermore, we critically review methods that facilitate the detection of free radicals in vivo or in vitro in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Damle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D J Arouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Metabolic reprogramming and alteration of the redox state in hyper-productive MDCK cells for influenza a virus production. Biologicals 2022; 80:35-42. [PMID: 36114098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a global public health issue leading to widespread morbidity and mortality with devastating economic loss annually. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line has been a major cell line for influenza vaccine applications. Though many details of the host metabolic responses upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection have been documented, little is known about the metabolic reprogramming features of a hyper-productive host for IAV vaccine production. In this study, a MDCK cell clone H1 was shown to have a particular high productivity of 30 × 103 virions/cell. The glucose and amino acid metabolism of H1 were evaluated, indicating that the high producer had a particular metabolic reprogramming phenotype compared to its parental cell line (P): elevated glucose uptake, superior tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, moderate amino acid consumption, and better regulation of reactive oxygen species. Combined with the stronger mitochondrial function and mild antiviral and inflammatory responses characterized previously, our results indicated that the high producer had a sufficient intracellular energy supply, and balanced substrate distribution for IAV and host protein synthesis as well as the intracellular redox status. Understanding of these metabolic alterations paves the way for the rational cell line development and reasonable process optimization for high-yield influenza vaccine production.
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33
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Ketenci S, Uygar Kalaycı M, Dündar B, Duranay R, Şükrü Aynacıoğlu A. Elevated serum midkine levels in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108939. [PMID: 35717836 PMCID: PMC9181266 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused important health, economic, social, and cultural problems worldwide. Recent findings demonstrate an excessive cytokine release during the disease development, especially in the seriously life-threatening form of COVID-19. Among other chemokines and cytokines that are released in high amounts at the infection site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), midkine (MK), which is a potent pro-inflammatory growth factor/ cytokine, can be also overexpressed and contribute to the pathophysiological process in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHOD Serum was collected from 87 intensive care unit (ICU) patients that are COVID-19 positive and 50 healthy volunteers in the control group with a negative PCR test and without disease symptoms. Circulating MK concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS COVID-19 patients had a significantly higher serum MK concentration compared to non-COVID-19 control subjects (1892.8 ± 1615.8 pg/mL versus 680.7 ± 907.6 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). The cut-off MK concentration was 716.7 pg/ mL, with the sensitivity and specificity of 75.9 % and 76.0 %, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of MK was = 0.827. Our findings showed that circulating MK levels are significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. CONCLUSION We suggest that MK is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and may be a part of hypercytokinaemia. Therefore, MK may serve as a supporting biomarker in the diagnosis of COVID-19, and blocking MK actions or its targets may attenuate the inflammatory process and the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Ketenci
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Uygar Kalaycı
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bağnu Dündar
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Duranay
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Engineering, Computer Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Şükrü Aynacıoğlu
- Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey,Corresponding author at: Istanbul Atlas University, Anadolu Cad. No: 40, Kağıthane, 34408 Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Tsermpini EE, Glamočlija U, Ulucan-Karnak F, Redenšek Trampuž S, Dolžan V. Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081609. [PMID: 36009328 PMCID: PMC9405444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a leading global health and economic challenge. What defines the disease’s progression is not entirely understood, but there are strong indications that oxidative stress and the defense against reactive oxygen species are crucial players. A big influx of immune cells to the site of infection is marked by the increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Our article aims to highlight the critical role of oxidative stress in the emergence and severity of COVID-19 and, more importantly, to shed light on the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms. We have reviewed the available literature and clinical trials to extract the relevant genetic variants within the oxidative stress pathway associated with COVID-19 and the anti-oxidative therapies currently evaluated in the clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment, in particular clinical trials on glutathione and N-acetylcysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Una Glamočlija
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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35
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Ferroptosis in viral infection: the unexplored possibility. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1905-1915. [PMID: 34873317 PMCID: PMC8646346 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced cell death has long been thought of as a double-edged sword in the inhibition or exacerbation of viral infections. The vital role of iron, an essential element for various enzymes in the maintenance of cellular physiology and efficient viral replication, places it at the crossroads and makes it a micronutrient of competition between the viruses and the host. Viruses can interrupt iron uptake and the antioxidant response system, while others can utilize iron transporter proteins as receptors. Interestingly, the unavailability of iron facilitates certain viral infections and causes cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation and malfunction of the antioxidant system. In this review, we discuss how iron uptake, regulation and metabolism, including the redistribution of iron in the host defense system during viral infection, can induce ferroptosis. Fenton reactions, a central characteristic of ferroptosis, are caused by the increased iron content in the cell. Therefore, viral infections that increase cellular iron content or intestinal iron absorption are likely to cause ferroptosis. In addition, we discuss the hijacking of the iron regulatoy pathway and the antioxidant response, both of which are typical in viral infections. Understanding the potential signaling mechanisms of ferroptosis in viral infections will aid in the development of new therapeutic agents.
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36
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Verburg SG, Lelievre RM, Westerveld MJ, Inkol JM, Sun YL, Workenhe ST. Viral-mediated activation and inhibition of programmed cell death. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010718. [PMID: 35951530 PMCID: PMC9371342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous intracellular genetic parasites that heavily rely on the infected cell to complete their replication life cycle. This dependency on the host machinery forces viruses to modulate a variety of cellular processes including cell survival and cell death. Viruses are known to activate and block almost all types of programmed cell death (PCD) known so far. Modulating PCD in infected hosts has a variety of direct and indirect effects on viral pathogenesis and antiviral immunity. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis following virus infection is widely studied, but several modalities of PCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and paraptosis, are relatively understudied. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which viruses activate and inhibit PCDs and suggest perspectives on how these affect viral pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Grace Verburg
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordon Marcus Inkol
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Yi Lin Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Samuel Tekeste Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Kundura L, Gimenez S, Cezar R, André S, Younas M, Lin YL, Portales P, Lozano C, Boulle C, Reynes J, Thierry V, Mettling C, Pasero P, Muller L, Lefrant JY, Roger C, Claret PG, Duvnjak S, Loubet P, Sotto A, Tran TA, Estaquier J, Corbeau P. Angiotensin II induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and T cell apoptosis in severe COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:594-603.e2. [PMID: 35841981 PMCID: PMC9278992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Lymphopenia is predictive of survival in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective The aim of this study was to understand the cause of the lymphocyte count drop in severe forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods Monocytic production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and T-cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry, DNA damage in PBMCs was measured by immunofluorescence, and angiotensin II (AngII) was measured by ELISA in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 at admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 29) or not admitted to an ICU (n = 29) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results We showed that the monocytes of certain patients with COVID-19 spontaneously released ROSs able to induce DNA damage and apoptosis in neighboring cells. Of note, high ROS production was predictive of death in ICU patients. Accordingly, in most patients, we observed the presence of DNA damage in up to 50% of their PBMCs and T-cell apoptosis. Moreover, the intensity of this DNA damage was linked to lymphopenia. SARS-CoV-2 is known to induce the internalization of its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is a protease capable of catabolizing AngII. Accordingly, in certain patients with COVID-19 we observed high plasma levels of AngII. When looking for the stimulus responsible for their monocytic ROS production, we revealed that AngII triggers ROS production by monocytes via angiotensin receptor I. ROSs released by AngII-activated monocytes induced DNA damage and apoptosis in neighboring lymphocytes. Conclusion We conclude that T-cell apoptosis provoked via DNA damage due to the release of monocytic ROSs could play a major role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kundura
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Gimenez
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Cezar
- Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Sonia André
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris; Paris, France
| | - Mehwish Younas
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Portales
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Lozano
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Boulle
- Infectious diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Reynes
- Infectious diseases Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Thierry
- Immunology Department, Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Lefrant
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Roger
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Pierre-Géraud Claret
- Medical and Surgical Emergency Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Sandra Duvnjak
- Gerontology Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Paul Loubet
- Infectious diseases Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- Infectious diseases Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Tu-Anh Tran
- Pediatrics Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- INSERM U1124, Université de Paris; Paris, France; Laval University Research Center; Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002, CNRS and Montpellier University; Montpellier, France; Immunology Department, Nîmes University Hospital; Nîmes, France
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38
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Sandamalika WMG, Udayantha HMV, Liyanage DS, Lim C, Kim G, Kwon H, Lee J. Identification of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo 1) from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and deciphering its molecular characteristics, immune responses, oxidative stress modulation, and wound healing properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 125:266-275. [PMID: 35580797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, we identified the Romo1 homolog from the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), named it as SsRomo1, and characterized it at the molecular as well as functional levels. An open reading frame consisting of 240 bp was identified in the SsRomo1 complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence that encodes a 79 amino acid-long polypeptide with a molecular weight of 8,293 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.89. The in silico analysis revealed the characteristic features of SsRomo1, namely the presence of a transmembrane domain and the lack of a signal peptide. Homology analysis revealed that SsRomo1 exhibits the highest sequence identity with its fish counterparts (>93%) and shares a similar percentage of sequence identity with mammals (>92%). Additionally, it is closely clustered together with the fish clade in the constructed phylogenetic tree. The subcellular localization analysis confirmed its mitochondrial localization within the fathead minnow (FHM) cells. Under normal physiological conditions, the SsRomo1 mRNA is highly expressed in the rockfish ovary, followed by the blood and testis, indicating the abundance of mitochondria in these tissues. Furthermore, the significant upregulation of SsRomo1 in cells treated with lipopolysachharide (LPS), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and Streptococcus iniae suggest that the increased ROS production is induced by SsRomo1 to eliminate pathogens during infections. Incidentally, we believe that this study is the first to determine the involvement of SsRomo1 in LPS-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW267.4 cells, based on their higher NO production as compared to that in the control. Moreover, overexpression of SsRomo1 enhanced the wound healing ability of FHM cells, indicating its high invasion and migration properties. We also determined the hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell viability of SsRomo1-overexpressed FHM cells and observed a significant reduction in viability, which is possibly due to increased ROS production. Collectively, our observations suggest that SsRomo1 plays an important role in oxidative stress modulation upon immune stimulation and in maintenance of tissue homeostasis in black rockfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Disengaging the COVID-19 Clutch as a Discerning Eye Over the Inflammatory Circuit During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Inflammation 2022; 45:1875-1894. [PMID: 35639261 PMCID: PMC9153229 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and leads to multiorgan dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics are fundamental to protect against environmental insults, but they are highly susceptible to viral infections. Defective mitochondria are potential sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 damages mitochondria, alters autophagy, reduces nitric oxide (NO), and increases both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX) and ROS. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibited activated toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD-), leucine-rich repeat (LRR-), pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The activation of TLRs and NLRP3 by SARS‐CoV‐2 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Herein, we outline the inflammatory circuit of COVID-19 and what occurs behind the scene, the interplay of NOX/ROS and their role in hypoxia and thrombosis, and the important role of ROS scavengers to reduce COVID-19-related inflammation.
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Jamali E, Abbasi M, Tayer AH, Monfared AA, Tandel P, Tamaddon G, Kazerooni ES, Rakhshandehroo S, Ranjbaran R. The significance of surface neutrophilic MPO expression level in NETosis and NETosis-associated coagulopathies in covid-19 infected patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 96:102676. [PMID: 35661911 PMCID: PMC9148269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory response-induced coagulopathy is a common complication associated with severe form of covid-19 infection. Evidences suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a significant role in triggering the immunothrombosis in this condition. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of surface neutrophilic myeloperoxidase (MPO) as NETosis biomarker for predicting the risk of covid-19-associated coagulopathies. METHODS Covid-19 infection was assessed by real-time-PCR and plasma d-dimer levels were measured by ELFA. Based on the covid-19 infection and d-dimer level outcomes, patients were categorized into four groups. Any alteration in the serum level of IL-6, H3Cit and neutrophilic surface MPO were analyzed by CLIA, ELISA, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS H3Cit variations and different d-dimer values confirmed the association between NETosis and coagulopathies. Findings showed that the expression of neutrophilic MPO reduced in cases with NETosis, which was correlated with increased levels of H3Cit. ANC/MPO ratio was signified as a valuable marker to discriminate the covid-19 and non covid-19-associated coagulopathies and could be considered as a prognostic factor due to its noteworthy correlation with serum IL-6 concentration. CONCLUSION Declined levels of surface neutrophilic MPO in NETosis correlate with covid-19-associated coagulopathies and increased IL-6 levels, as a potential biomarker of covid-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jamali
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Peyvand Pathobiology and Genetic Lab, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Akbar Hashemi Tayer
- Research Center for Noncommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Arabi Monfared
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Tandel
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tamaddon
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sarraf Kazerooni
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Nadeali Z, Mohammad-Rezaei F, Aria H, Nikpour P. Possible role of pannexin 1 channels and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic potential of targeting them in COVID-19. Life Sci 2022; 297:120482. [PMID: 35288174 PMCID: PMC8915746 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying signaling pathways and molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is pivotal for developing new effective therapeutic or preventive strategies for COVID-19. Pannexins (PANX) are ATP-release channels in the plasma membrane essential in many physiological and immune responses. Activation of pannexin channels and downstream purinergic receptors play dual roles in viral infection, either by facilitating viral replication and infection or inducing host antiviral defense. The current review provides a hypothesis demonstrating the possible contribution of the PANX1 channel and purinergic receptors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and mechanism of action. Moreover, we discuss whether targeting these signaling pathways may provide promising preventative therapies and treatments for patients with progressive COVID-19 resulting from excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production. Several inhibitors of this pathway have been developed for the treatment of other viral infections and pathological consequences. Specific PANX1 inhibitors could be potentially included as part of the COVID-19 treatment regimen if, in future, studies demonstrate the role of PANX1 in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Of note, any ATP therapeutic modulation for COVID-19 should be carefully designed and monitored because of the complex role of extracellular ATP in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiye Nadeali
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammad-Rezaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Label-free proteomics-based analysis of peripheral nerve injury induced by Japanese encephalitis virus. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Balakrishna Pillai A, JeanPierre AR, Mariappan V, Ranganadin P, S R R. Neutralizing the free radicals could alleviate the disease severity following an infection by positive strand RNA viruses. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:189-195. [PMID: 35366756 PMCID: PMC8976658 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radical release due to oxidative stress is gaining importance in the field of viral pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest the involvement of oxidative stress and ROS levels in regulating disease virulence during RNA virus infection. Most of the RNA virus infections lead to vascular dysfunction and disease severity. However, the biology of free radicals in maintaining vascular endothelium integrity is not completely understood. In the present review, we discuss some of the common features in positive-strand RNA virus infections such as dengue and SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that anti-oxidant therapy could pave the way to develop therapeutic strategies in combating emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agieshkumar Balakrishna Pillai
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Sciences, MGM Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India.
| | - Aashika Raagavi JeanPierre
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Sciences, MGM Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India
| | - Vignesh Mariappan
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Sciences, MGM Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India
| | - Pajanivel Ranganadin
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India
| | - Rao S R
- Research, Innovation & Development, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India
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Meuren LM, Prestes EB, Papa MP, de Carvalho LRP, Mustafá YM, da Costa LS, Da Poian AT, Bozza MT, Arruda LB. Infection of Endothelial Cells by Dengue Virus Induces ROS Production by Different Sources Affecting Virus Replication, Cellular Activation, Death and Vascular Permeability. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810376. [PMID: 35185902 PMCID: PMC8847576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbated inflammatory response and altered vascular function are hallmarks of dengue disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated to endothelial barrier disturbance and microvascular alteration in distinct pathological conditions. Increased ROS has been reported in in vitro models of dengue virus (DENV) infection, but its impact for endothelial cell physiology had not been fully investigated. Our group had previously demonstrated that infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) with DENV results in the activation of RNA sensors and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which culminate in cell death and endothelial permeability. Here, we evaluated the role of mitochondrial function and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation for ROS generation in HBMEC infected by DENV and investigated whether altered cellular physiology could be a consequence of virus-induced oxidative stress. DENV-infected HBMECs showed a decrease in the maximal respiratory capacity and altered membrane potential, indicating functional mitochondrial alteration, what might be related to mtROS production. Indeed, mtROS was detected at later time points after infection. Specific inhibition of mtROS diminished virus replication, cell death, and endothelial permeability, but did not affect cytokine production. On the other hand, inhibition of NOX-associated ROS production decreased virus replication and cell death, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5. These results demonstrated that DENV replication in endothelial cells induces ROS production by different pathways, which impacts biological functions that might be relevant for dengue pathogenesis. Those data also indicate oxidative stress events as relevant therapeutical targets to avoid vascular permeability, inflammation, and neuroinvasion during DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Beatriz Prestes
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Premazzi Papa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Yasmin Mucunã Mustafá
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva da Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jîtcă G, Ősz BE, Tero-Vescan A, Miklos AP, Rusz CM, Bătrînu MG, Vari CE. Positive Aspects of Oxidative Stress at Different Levels of the Human Body: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030572. [PMID: 35326222 PMCID: PMC8944834 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the subject of numerous studies, most of them focusing on the negative effects exerted at both molecular and cellular levels, ignoring the possible benefits of free radicals. More and more people admit to having heard of the term "oxidative stress", but few of them understand the meaning of it. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data in order to emphasize the importance and adaptation mechanisms of basal oxidative stress. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of oxidative stress, highlighting these effects, as well as the risks for the population consuming higher doses than the recommended daily intake of antioxidants. The biological dose-response curve in oxidative stress is unpredictable as reactive species are clearly responsible for cellular degradation, whereas antioxidant therapies can alleviate senescence by maintaining redox balance; nevertheless, excessive doses of the latter can modify the redox balance of the cell, leading to a negative outcome. It can be stated that the presence of oxidative status or oxidative stress is a physiological condition with well-defined roles, yet these have been insufficiently researched and explored. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of some associated diseases is well-known and the involvement of antioxidant therapies in the processes of senescence, apoptosis, autophagy, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis cannot be denied. All data in this review support the idea that oxidative stress is an undesirable phenomenon in high and long-term concentrations, but regular exposure is consistent with the hormetic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Bianca E. Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.T.-V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Amalia Pușcaș Miklos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (A.T.-V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Rusz
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.-M.R.); (M.-G.B.)
| | - Mădălina-Georgiana Bătrînu
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (C.-M.R.); (M.-G.B.)
| | - Camil E. Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (G.J.); (C.E.V.)
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Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
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Rolfo A, Cosma S, Nuzzo AM, Salio C, Moretti L, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Carosso AR, Borella F, Cutrin JC, Benedetto C. Increased Placental Anti-Oxidant Response in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Third-Trimester Pregnancies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030634. [PMID: 35327436 PMCID: PMC8945802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) -induced Oxidative Stress (OxS) being well documented in different organs, the molecular pathways underlying placental OxS in late-pregnancy women with SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. Herein, we performed an observational study to determine whether placentae of women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the third trimester of pregnancy showed redox-related alterations involving Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes as well as placenta morphological anomalies relative to a cohort of healthy pregnant women. Next, we evaluated if placental redox-related alterations and mitochondria pathological changes were correlated with the presence of maternal symptoms. We observed ultrastructural alterations of placental mitochondria accompanied by increased levels of oxidative stress markers Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 α (HIF-1α) in SARS-CoV-2 women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Importantly, we found an increase in placental CAT and SOD antioxidant enzymes accompanied by physiological neonatal outcomes. Our findings strongly suggest a placenta-mediated OxS inhibition in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, thus contrasting the cytotoxic profile caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Nuzzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Laura Moretti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Juan Carlos Cutrin
- Center of Imaging Molecular, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.); (C.B.)
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Luo P, Ding Y, He Y, Chen D, He Q, Huang Z, Huang S, Lei W. Hydrogen-oxygen therapy alleviates clinical symptoms in twelve patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A retrospective study of medical records. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e27759. [PMID: 35244034 PMCID: PMC8896485 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A global public health crisis caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) leads to considerable morbidity and mortality, which bring great challenge to respiratory medicine. Hydrogen-oxygen therapy contributes to treat severe respiratory diseases and improve lung functions, yet there is no information to support the clinical use of this therapy in the COVID-19 pneumonia.A retrospective study of medical records was carried out in Shishou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei, China. COVID-19 patients (aged ≥ 30 years) admitted to the hospital from January 29 to March 20, 2020 were subjected to control group (n = 12) who received routine therapy and case group (n = 12) who received additional hydrogen-oxygen therapy. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were analyzed. The physiological and biochemical indexes, including immune inflammation indicators, electrolytes, myocardial enzyme profile, and functions of liver and kidney, were examined and investigated before and after hydrogen-oxygen therapy.The results showed significant decreases in the neutrophil percentage and the concentration and abnormal proportion of C-reactive protein in COVID-19 patients received additional hydrogen-oxygen therapy.This novel therapeutic may alleviate clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients by suppressing inflammation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Ding
- Cardiology Department, Shishou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Dafeng Chen
- Department of Precision Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zufeng Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Cardiology Department, Shishou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Department of Precision Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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SARS- CoV-2 infection and oxidative stress in early-onset preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166321. [PMID: 34920081 PMCID: PMC8668602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also in pregnant women. Infection in pregnancy leads to maternal and placental functional alterations. Pregnant women with vascular defects such as preeclampsia show high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by undefined mechanisms. Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 show higher rates of preterm birth and caesarean delivery, and their placentas show signs of vasculopathy and inflammation. It is still unclear whether the foetus is affected by the maternal infection with this virus and whether maternal infection associates with postnatal affections. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes oxidative stress and activation of the immune system leading to cytokine storm and next tissue damage as seen in the lung. The angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 expression is determinant for these alterations in the lung. Since this enzyme is expressed in the human placenta, SARS-CoV-2 could infect the placenta tissue, although reported to be of low frequency compared with maternal lung tissue. Early-onset preeclampsia (eoPE) shows higher expression of ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) causing an imbalanced renin-angiotensin system and endothelial dysfunction. A similar mechanism seems to potentially account for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review highlights the potentially common characteristics of pregnant women with eoPE with those with COVID-19. A better understanding of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact on the placenta function is determinant since eoPE/COVID-19 association may result in maternal metabolic alterations that might lead to a potential worsening of the foetal programming of diseases in the neonate, young, and adult.
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The Aqueous Leaf Extract of M. Oleifera Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040458. [PMID: 35203166 PMCID: PMC8868277 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, can cause enormous economic losses in the swine industry. There is no effective commercial vaccine against PEDV infection. In this study, we found that an aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera (MOE) exhibited antiviral activity in response to PEDV infection at the stage of PEDV replication instead of attachment or internalization. Mechanistically, MOE suppressed the oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by PEDV infection and upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, which further led to less cell apoptosis. This study is the first report showing that MOE has antiviral potential as a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PEDV infection. Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), one of the serious enteric diseases caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is responsible for enormous economic losses in the global swine industry. However, available commercial vaccines fail to protect pigs from PEDV infection due to the appearance of PEDV variants. Hence, it is necessary to find an effective and cost-efficient natural product to protect pigs from PEDV infection. In this study, we first found that an aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera (MOE) exhibited antiviral activity in response to PEDV infection. Furthermore, time-of-addition experiments revealed that MOE inhibited PEDV replication rather than attachment and internalization. Mechanistically, MOE significantly suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by PEDV infection, and restored glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Importantly, the addition of MOE alleviated oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in fewer apoptotic cells during PEDV infection. These results indicated that MOE might be an effective anti-PEDV drug used to control PED disease and may be helpful in developing a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PEDV.
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