1
|
de Vasconcelos PC, Freitas TR, de Araújo Lopes LV, Peixoto LR, Xavier MP, Cançado Figueiredo AC, Dias KL, de Oliveira JG, de Oliveira Salles PG, Vago AR, Paula Sabino AD, de Lima Rocha MG. RAP1-GTPase immunostaining is altered in human precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. Biomark Med 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39254347 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2394384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated RAP1 immunostaining variation in different cell types during CC progression.Methods: Paraffin-embedded cervical tissues from 101 patients were categorized into control, pre-neoplastic and neoplastic groups. RAP1 immunolocalization, HPV detection and genotyping were performed. A semiquantitative immunoreactive score was employed to compare labeling intensity, cellular localization, nuclear labeling, percentage and distribution of reactive cells.Results: 73% (72/99) of cervical specimens were HPV+. RAP1 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all samples. Cytoplasmic RAP1 immunoscore was higher than nuclear score in all CC groups. RAP1 intensity increased with lesion severity. SCC samples exhibited predominantly intense RAP1 immunostaining.Conclusion: RAP1 is an efficient biomarker for detecting invasive CC lesions but has limited utility in distinguishing SCC grades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina de Vasconcelos
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tulio Resende Freitas
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Rodrigues Peixoto
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pascoal Xavier
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, College of Medicine - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Cançado Figueiredo
- Integrated Research Group on Biomarkers, Renée Rachou Research Institute - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-003, Brazil
| | - Karolina Lopes Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Renée Rachou Research Institute - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-003, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Germano de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Renée Rachou Research Institute - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-003, Brazil
| | | | - Annamaria Ravaro Vago
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabrielle de Lima Rocha
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi M. The Efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum Extracts on Treating Endometrial Cancer: A Network Pharmacology Approach. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1881-1894. [PMID: 38448739 PMCID: PMC11217070 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a prominent medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine, known for its potent antitumor properties. This study aimed to illustrate the efficacy of GL extracts (GLE) on treating endometrial cancer (EC) and explore the underlying mechanisms via network pharmacology and experimental validation. Network pharmacological analysis was conducted to explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of GL on EC. In vitro experimental validation was performed on human endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1-A and KLE. Network pharmacology revealed that key targets of GL against EC were primarily associated with the Rap1 signaling pathway. In in vitro experiments, GLE or GGTI-298 (a GTPase inhibitor) treatment inhibited cell proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis, increased caspase-3 level, and arrested cell cycle in G1 phase in HEC-1-A and KLE cells. GLE increased the protein expression of Rap1-GTP, p-AKT, and p-ERK2 in HEC-1-A and KLE cells. Moreover, GGTI-298 enhanced the effects of GLE on suppressing the malignant progression of EC cells and on activating Rap1 signaling pathway. GLE inhibited the malignant progression of EC cells probably via activating the Rap1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Putuo Hospital, Zhoushan, 316100, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonzalez-Llerena JL, Espinosa-Rodriguez BA, Treviño-Almaguer D, Mendez-Lopez LF, Carranza-Rosales P, Gonzalez-Barranco P, Guzman-Delgado NE, Romo-Mancillas A, Balderas-Renteria I. Cordycepin Triphosphate as a Potential Modulator of Cellular Plasticity in Cancer via cAMP-Dependent Pathways: An In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5692. [PMID: 38891880 PMCID: PMC11171877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin, or 3'-deoxyadenosine, is an adenosine analog with a broad spectrum of biological activity. The key structural difference between cordycepin and adenosine lies in the absence of a hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the ribose ring. Upon administration, cordycepin can undergo an enzymatic transformation in specific tissues, forming cordycepin triphosphate. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural features of cordycepin and its derivatives, contrasting them with endogenous purine-based metabolites using chemoinformatics and bioinformatics tools in addition to molecular dynamics simulations. We tested the hypothesis that cordycepin triphosphate could bind to the active site of the adenylate cyclase enzyme. The outcomes of our molecular dynamics simulations revealed scores that are comparable to, and superior to, those of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the endogenous ligand. This interaction could reduce the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by acting as a pseudo-ATP that lacks a hydroxyl group at the 3' position, essential to carry out nucleotide cyclization. We discuss the implications in the context of the plasticity of cancer and other cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer-associated fibroblast, endothelial, and immune cells. This interaction could awaken antitumor immunity by preventing phenotypic changes in the immune cells driven by sustained cAMP signaling. The last could be an unreported molecular mechanism that helps to explain more details about cordycepin's mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Gonzalez-Llerena
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Models, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (J.L.G.-L.); (B.A.E.-R.); (D.T.-A.); (P.G.-B.)
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 66460, Mexico;
| | - Bryan Alejandro Espinosa-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Models, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (J.L.G.-L.); (B.A.E.-R.); (D.T.-A.); (P.G.-B.)
| | - Daniela Treviño-Almaguer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Models, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (J.L.G.-L.); (B.A.E.-R.); (D.T.-A.); (P.G.-B.)
| | - Luis Fernando Mendez-Lopez
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 66460, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Carranza-Rosales
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey 64720, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Barranco
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Models, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (J.L.G.-L.); (B.A.E.-R.); (D.T.-A.); (P.G.-B.)
| | - Nancy Elena Guzman-Delgado
- Health Research Division, High Specialty Medical Unit, Cardiology Hospital N. 34. Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey 64360, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Synthesis Group, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Isaias Balderas-Renteria
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Models, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66451, Mexico; (J.L.G.-L.); (B.A.E.-R.); (D.T.-A.); (P.G.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dall'Olmo L, Papa N, Surdo NC, Marigo I, Mocellin S. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH): biology, clinical relevance and implication in melanoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:562. [PMID: 37608347 PMCID: PMC10463388 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and its receptor, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), have been proposed as potential target for anti-cancer strategies in melanoma research, due to their tissue specific expression and involvement in melanocyte homeostasis. However, their role in prevention and treatment of melanoma is still debated and controversial. Although a large body of evidence supports α-MSH in preventing melanoma development, some preclinical findings suggest that the α-MSH downstream signalling may promote immune escape and cancer resistance to therapy. Additionally, in metastatic melanoma both MC1R and α-MSH have been reported to be overexpressed at levels much higher than normal cells. Furthermore, targeted therapy (e.g. BRAF inhibition in BRAFV600E mutant tumours) has been shown to enhance this phenomenon. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting MC1R could serve as an approach in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In this review, we explore the molecular biology of α-MSH with particular emphasis into its tumor-related properties, whilst elaborating the experimental evidence currently available regarding the interplay between α-MSH/MC1R axis, melanoma and antitumor strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nicole Papa
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Concetta Surdo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35121, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine VIMM, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krishnan A, Bhasker AI, Singh MK, Rodriguez CI, Castro-Pérez E, Altameemi S, Lares M, Khan H, Ndiaye M, Ahmad N, Schieke SM, Setaluri V. EPAC Regulates Melanoma Growth by Stimulating mTORC1 Signaling and Loss of EPAC Signaling Dependence Correlates with Melanoma Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1548-1560. [PMID: 35834616 PMCID: PMC9532357 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) belong to a family of RAP guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RAPGEF). EPAC1/2 (RAPGEF3/4) activates RAP1 and the alternative cAMP signaling pathway. We previously showed that the differential growth response of primary and metastatic melanoma cells to cAMP is mediated by EPAC. However, the mechanisms responsible for this differential response to EPAC signaling are not understood. In this study, we show that pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of EPAC selectively inhibits the growth and survival of primary melanoma cells by downregulation of cell-cycle proteins and inhibiting the cell-cycle progression independent of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. EPAC inhibition results in upregulation of AKT phosphorylation but a downregulation of mTORC1 activity and its downstream effectors. We also show that EPAC regulates both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, preferentially in primary melanoma cells. Employing a series of genetically matched primary and lymph node metastatic (LNM) melanoma cells, and distant organ metastatic melanoma cells, we show that the LNM and metastatic melanoma cells become progressively less responsive and refractory to EPAC inhibition suggesting loss of dependency on EPAC signaling correlates with melanoma progression. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that lower RAPGEF3, RAPGEF4 mRNA expression in primary tumor is a predictor of better disease-free survival of patients diagnosed with primary melanoma suggesting that EPAC signaling facilitates tumor progression and EPAC is a useful prognostic marker. These data highlight EPAC signaling as a potential target for prevention of melanoma progression. IMPLICATIONS This study establishes loss of dependency on EPAC-mTORC1 signaling as hallmark of primary melanoma evolution and targeting this escape mechanism is a promising strategy for metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Aishwarya I. Bhasker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Mithalesh K. Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Carlos. I. Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Sarah Altameemi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Marcos Lares
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Hamidullah Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Mary Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Stefan M. Schieke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53705
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, 53705
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marklund M, Schultz N, Friedrich S, Berglund E, Tarish F, Tanoglidi A, Liu Y, Bergenstråhle L, Erickson A, Helleday T, Lamb AD, Sonnhammer E, Lundeberg J. Spatio-temporal analysis of prostate tumors in situ suggests pre-existence of treatment-resistant clones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5475. [PMID: 36115838 PMCID: PMC9482614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer remain poorly understood, with intratumoral heterogeneity a likely contributing factor. To examine the temporal aspects of resistance, we analyze tumor heterogeneity in needle biopsies collected before and after treatment with androgen deprivation therapy. By doing so, we are able to couple clinical responsiveness and morphological information such as Gleason score to transcriptome-wide data. Our data-driven analysis of transcriptomes identifies several distinct intratumoral cell populations, characterized by their unique gene expression profiles. Certain cell populations present before treatment exhibit gene expression profiles that match those of resistant tumor cell clusters, present after treatment. We confirm that these clusters are resistant by the localization of active androgen receptors to the nuclei in cancer cells post-treatment. Our data also demonstrates that most stromal cells adjacent to resistant clusters do not express the androgen receptor, and we identify differentially expressed genes for these cells. Altogether, this study shows the potential to increase the power in predicting resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Marklund
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Niklas Schultz
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Emelie Berglund
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Firas Tarish
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Tanoglidi
- Department of Pathology, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, Athens, Greece
| | - Yao Liu
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Bergenstråhle
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine & Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik Sonnhammer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Science for Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Role of Neuropeptide-Stimulated cAMP-EPACs Signalling in Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010311. [PMID: 35011543 PMCID: PMC8746471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are autocrine and paracrine signalling factors and mainly bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to trigger intracellular secondary messenger release including adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), thus modulating cancer progress in different kind of tumours. As one of the downstream effectors of cAMP, exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) play dual roles in cancer proliferation and metastasis. More evidence about the relationship between neuropeptides and EPAC pathways have been proposed for their potential role in cancer development; hence, this review focuses on the role of neuropeptide/GPCR system modulation of cAMP/EPACs pathways in cancers. The correlated downstream pathways between neuropeptides and EPACs in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis is discussed to glimmer the direction of future research.
Collapse
|
8
|
The Fatty Acid and Protein Profiles of Circulating CD81-Positive Small Extracellular Vesicles Are Associated with Disease Stage in Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164157. [PMID: 34439311 PMCID: PMC8392159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early detection of cutaneous melanoma is the key to increasing survival and proper therapeutic adjustment, especially in stages II–IV. We investigated whether the fatty acid (FA) and protein compositions of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) expressing CD81, derived from the plasma of stage 0–I, II and III–IV melanoma patients, could reflect disease stage. Results showed a higher content of FA and differences in C18:0/C18:1 ratio, a marker of cell membrane fluidity, that distinguished patients’ CD81sEV from those of healthy donors (HD). By proteomic analysis (identifier PXD024434) we identified significant increases in CD14, PON1, PON3 and APOA5 in stage II CD81sEV compared to HD. In stage III–IV, CD81sEV’ RAP1B expression was decreased. These stage-related signatures may support the potential of sEV to provide information for early diagnosis, prediction of metastatic behavior, treatment and follow-up of melanoma patients. Abstract The early detection of cutaneous melanoma, a potentially lethal cancer with rising incidence, is fundamental to increasing survival and therapeutic adjustment. In stages II–IV especially, additional indications for adjuvant therapy purposes after resection and for treatment of metastatic patients are urgently needed. We investigated whether the fatty acid (FA) and protein compositions of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from the plasma of stage 0–I, II and III–IV melanoma patients (n = 38) could reflect disease stage. The subpopulation of sEV expressing CD81 EV marker (CD81sEV) was captured by an ad hoc immune affinity technique from plasma depleted of large EV. Biological macromolecules were investigated by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in CD81sEV. A higher content of FA was detectable in patients with respect to healthy donors (HD). Moreover, a higher C18:0/C18:1 ratio, as a marker of cell membrane fluidity, distinguished early (stage 0–I) from late (III–IV) stages’ CD81sEV. Proteomics detected increases in CD14, PON1, PON3 and APOA5 exclusively in stage II CD81sEV, and RAP1B was decreased in stage III–IV CD81sEV, in comparison to HD. Our results suggest that stage dependent alterations in CD81sEV’ FA and protein composition may occur early after disease onset, strengthening the potential of circulating sEV as a source of discriminatory information for early diagnosis, prediction of metastatic behavior and following up of melanoma patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rio-Vilariño A, del Puerto-Nevado L, García-Foncillas J, Cebrián A. Ras Family of Small GTPases in CRC: New Perspectives for Overcoming Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3757. [PMID: 34359657 PMCID: PMC8345156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains among the cancers with the highest incidence, prevalence, and mortality worldwide. Although the development of targeted therapies against the EGFR and VEGFR membrane receptors has considerably improved survival in these patients, the appearance of resistance means that their success is still limited. Overactivation of several members of the Ras-GTPase family is one of the main actors in both tumour progression and the lack of response to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. This fact has led many resources to be devoted over the last decades to the development of targeted therapies against these proteins. However, they have not been as successful as expected in their move to the clinic so far. In this review, we will analyse the role of these Ras-GTPases in the emergence and development of colorectal cancer and their relationship with resistance to targeted therapies, as well as the status and new advances in the design of targeted therapies against these proteins and their possible clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (L.d.P.-N.)
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (L.d.P.-N.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choe EK, Lee S, Kim SY, Shivakumar M, Park KJ, Chai YJ, Kim D. Prognostic Effect of Inflammatory Genes on Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer-Integrative Analysis of TCGA Data. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040751. [PMID: 33670198 PMCID: PMC7916934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Research interest in the role of inflammation in the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is growing. In this study, we evaluated the expression and DNA methylation levels of inflammation-related genes in CRC tissues using the TCGA-COREAD dataset by integratively combining multi-omics features using machine learning. Statistical analysis was additionally performed to allow for interpretable, understandable, and clinically practical results. An integrative model combining expression, methylation, and clinical features had the highest performance. In multivariate analysis, the methylation levels of CEP250, RAB21, and TNPO3 were significantly associated with overall survival. Our study results implicate the importance of integrating expression and methylation information along with clinical information in the prediction of survival. CEP250, RAB21, and TNPO3 in the prediction model might have a crucial role in CRC prognosis and further improve our understanding of potential mechanisms linking inflammatory reactions and CRC progression. Abstract Background inflammatory status indicators have been reported as prognostic biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, since inflammatory interactions with the colon involve various modes of action, the biological mechanism linking inflammation and CRC prognosis has not been fully elucidated. We comprehensively evaluated the predictive roles of the expression and methylation levels of inflammation-related genes for CRC prognosis and their pathophysiological associations. Method. An integrative analysis of 247 patients with stage I-III CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas was conducted. Lasso-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression (Lasso-Cox) and statistical Cox proportional hazard regression (CPH) were used for the analysis. Results. Models to predict overall survival were designed with respective combinations of clinical variables, including age, sex, stage, gene expression, and methylation. An integrative model combining expression, methylation, and clinical features performed better (median C-index = 0.756) than the model with clinical features alone (median C-index = 0.726). Based on multivariate CPH with features from the best model, the methylation levels of CEP250, RAB21, and TNPO3 were significantly associated with overall survival. They did not share any biological process in functional networks. The 5-year survival rate was 29.8% in the low methylation group of CEP250 and 79.1% in the high methylation group (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our study results implicate the importance of integrating expression and methylation information along with clinical information in the prediction of survival. CEP250, RAB21, and TNPO3 in the prediction model might have a crucial role in CRC prognosis and further improve our understanding of potential mechanisms linking inflammatory reactions and CRC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Korea;
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6116, USA; (S.Y.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Future Convergence, Cyber University of Korea, Seoul 03051, Korea;
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6116, USA; (S.Y.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Manu Shivakumar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6116, USA; (S.Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyu Joo Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government—Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea;
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6116, USA; (S.Y.K.); (M.S.)
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6116, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-573-5336
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maeda Y, Kikuchi R, Kawagoe J, Tsuji T, Koyama N, Yamaguchi K, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Anti-cancer strategy targeting the energy metabolism of tumor cells surviving a low-nutrient acidic microenvironment. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101093. [PMID: 33007425 PMCID: PMC7578269 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor cells experience hypoxia, acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Metabolic adaptation to glucose shortage is essential to maintain tumor cells' survival because of their high glucose requirement. This study evaluated the hypothesis that acidosis might promote tumor survival during glucose shortage and if so, explored a novel drug targeting metabolic vulnerability to glucose shortage. METHODS Cell survival and bioenergetics metabolism were assessed in lung cancer cell lines. Our in-house small-molecule compounds were screened to identify those that kill cancer cells under low-glucose conditions. Cytotoxicity against non-cancerous cells was also assessed. Tumor growth was evaluated in vivo using a mouse engraft model. RESULTS Acidosis limited the cellular consumption of glucose and ATP, causing tumor cells to enter a metabolically dormant but energetically economic state, which promoted tumor cell survival during glucose deficiency. We identified ESI-09, a previously known exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EAPC) inhibitor, as an anti-cancer compound that inhibited cancer cells under low-glucose conditions even when associated with acidosis. Bioenergetic studies showed that independent of EPAC inhibition, ESI-09 was a safer mitochondrial uncoupler than a classical uncoupler and created a futile cycle of mitochondrial respiration, leading to decreased ATP production, increased ATP dissipation, and fuel scavenging. Accordingly, ESI-09 exhibited more cytotoxic effects under low-glucose conditions than under normal glucose conditions. ESI-09 was also more effective than actively proliferating cells on quiescent glucose-restricted cells. Cisplatin showed opposite effects. ESI-09 inhibited tumor growth in lung cancer engraft mice. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the acidosis-induced promotion of tumor survival during glucose shortage and demonstrates that ESI-09 is a novel potent anti-cancer mitochondrial uncoupler that targets a metabolic vulnerability to glucose shortage even when associated with acidosis. The higher cytotoxicity under lower-than-normal glucose conditions suggests that ESI-09 is safer than conventional chemotherapy, can target the metabolic vulnerability of tumor cells to low-glucose stress, and is applicable to many cancer cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kawagoe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Medicine, Otsuki Municipal Hospital, 1255 Hanasaki, Otsuki-chou, Otsuki-shi, Yamanashi, 401-0015, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Looi CK, Hii LW, Ngai SC, Leong CO, Mai CW. The Role of Ras-Associated Protein 1 (Rap1) in Cancer: Bad Actor or Good Player? Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090334. [PMID: 32906721 PMCID: PMC7555474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is known as the most life-threatening event in cancer patients. In principle, the immune system can prevent tumor development. However, dysfunctional T cells may fail to eliminate the tumor cells effectively and provide additional survival advantages for tumor proliferation and metastasis. Constitutive activation of Ras-associated protein1 (Rap1) has not only led to T cell anergy, but also inhibited autophagy and supported cancer progression through various oncogenic events. Inhibition of Rap1 activity with its negative regulator, Rap1GAP, impairs tumor progression. However, active Rap1 reduces tumor invasion in some cancers, indicating that the pleiotropic effects of Rap1 signaling in cancers could be cancer-specific. All in all, targeting Rap1 signaling and its regulators could potentially control carcinogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance and immune evasion. Rap1GAP could be a promising therapeutic target in combating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-King Looi
- School of Postgraduate Study, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Study, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-2731-7596
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wehbe N, Slika H, Mesmar J, Nasser SA, Pintus G, Baydoun S, Badran A, Kobeissy F, Eid AH, Baydoun E. The Role of Epac in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186489. [PMID: 32899451 PMCID: PMC7555121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a prime contributor to global mortality. Despite tremendous research efforts and major advances in cancer therapy, much remains to be learned about the underlying molecular mechanisms of this debilitating disease. A better understanding of the key signaling events driving the malignant phenotype of cancer cells may help identify new pharmaco-targets. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) modulates a plethora of biological processes, including those that are characteristic of malignant cells. Over the years, most cAMP-mediated actions were attributed to the activity of its effector protein kinase A (PKA). However, studies have revealed an important role for the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) as another effector mediating the actions of cAMP. In cancer, Epac appears to have a dual role in regulating cellular processes that are essential for carcinogenesis. In addition, the development of Epac modulators offered new routes to further explore the role of this cAMP effector and its downstream pathways in cancer. In this review, the potentials of Epac as an attractive target in the fight against cancer are depicted. Additionally, the role of Epac in cancer progression, namely its effect on cancer cell proliferation, migration/metastasis, and apoptosis, with the possible interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these phenomena, is discussed with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wehbe
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon; (N.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Hasan Slika
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon; (N.W.); (J.M.)
| | - Suzanne A. Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah, UAE;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Serine Baydoun
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Petra, P.O. Box 961343, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (A.H.E.); (E.B.); Tel.: +961-1-350-000 (ext. 4891) (A.H.E. & E.B.)
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon; (N.W.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.E.); (E.B.); Tel.: +961-1-350-000 (ext. 4891) (A.H.E. & E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang C, Huang S, Rao S, Hu J, Zhang Y, Luo J, Wang H. Decreased expression of miR-410-3p correlates with poor prognosis and tumorigenesis in human glioma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10581-10592. [PMID: 31908530 PMCID: PMC6927686 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s202247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common type of primary tumors in the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the biological role of miR-410-3p in glioma and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Methods The expression levels of miR-410-3p in clinical tissue samples and glioma cell lines were determined using qRT-PCR analysis. The clinical significance of miR-410-3p in glioma was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Fisher’s exact test. The effects of miR-410-3p on glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were investigated using MTT assays, flow cytometry, transwell migration and invasion assays. Besides, corresponding mechanistic studies were carried out. Results miR-410-3p was significantly down-regulated in glioma tissues. Besides, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with low miR-410-3p expression had a shorter overall survival. Decreased miR-410-3p expression was associated with larger tumor size, lower Karnofsky performance score (KPS), and higher World Health Organization (WHO) grade. Over-expression of miR-410-3p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis; whereas depletion of miR-410-3p facilitated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that Ras-related protein 1A (RAP1A) was a direct target of miR-410-3p, and that rescue of RAP1A expression reversed miR-410-3p over-expression-induced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Notably, miR-410-3p over-expression repressed tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Conclusion Our findings indicate that miR-410-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by directly targeting RAP1A. Thus, this study may provide some new insights into gliomagenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Rao
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Affiliated Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals that the Rap1/MAPK/ERK pathway is inhibited through selenomethionine strengthening antioxidant activity. Biometals 2019; 33:45-64. [PMID: 31834558 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence on the proteome of chicken skeletal muscles of Selenomethionine (SeMet) use, 36 chicks were fed with SeMet feeding for 35 days. A total of 72 1-day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 36/group): the control group (C group), the SeMet supplemented group (SeMet group). The Selenium (Se) concentrations of skeletal muscles from the chicks with basal diet (negative control group) and SeMet feeding were found to be 0.01 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, respectively. The skeletal muscles from the two groups were investigated using isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ), coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This proteomic analysis identified proteins that were differentially expressed between the two groups. A total of 3564 proteins from the SeMet and the control (C) groups at 35 days were analyzed. 86 proteins were found by iTRAQ to be differentially expressed in the SeMet group, including 38 up-regulated proteins and 48 down-regulated proteins. These differential proteins were later identified as being mainly involved in antioxidant and enzyme-regulating activities. Fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR) and Western blot analyse proved to be consistent with the results of iTRAQ identification. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified in our work could be specific biomarkers related to SeMet intake in chicks. SeMet intake may strengthen antioxidant activity through Rap1/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathways.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang J, Kuan PF, Li J. Non-monotone transformation of biomarkers to improve diagnostic and screening accuracy in a DNA methylation study with trichotomous phenotypes. Stat Methods Med Res 2019; 29:2360-2389. [DOI: 10.1177/0962280219882047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a non-monotone transformation to biomarkers in order to improve the diagnostic and screening accuracy. The proposed quadratic transformation only involves modeling the distribution means and variances of the biomarkers and is therefore easy to implement in practice. Mathematical justification was rigorously established to support the validity of the proposed transformation. We conducted extensive simulation studies to assess the performance of the proposed method and compared the new method with the traditional methods. Case studies on real biomedical and epigenetics data were provided to illustrate the proposed transformation. In particular, the proposed method improved the AUC values for a large number of markers in a DNA methylation study and consequently led to the identification of greater number of important biomarkers and biologically meaningful genetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Yang
- School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Potential of epigenetic events in human thyroid cancer. Cancer Genet 2019; 239:13-21. [PMID: 31472323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer remains the highest prevailing endocrine malignancy, and its incidence rate has progressively increased in the previous years. Above 95% of thyroid tumor are follicular cells types of carcinoma in which are considered invasive type of tumor. The pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of thyroid tumors are yet remains elucidated, in spite of activating RET, RAS and BRAF carcinogenesis have been well introduced. Nemours molecular alterations have been defined and have revealed promise for their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic capacity but still need further confirmation. Among different types of mechanisms, the current article reviews the importance of epigenetic modifications in thyroid cancer. Increasing data from previous reports demonstrate that acquired epigenetic abnormalities together with genetic changes plays an important role in alteration of gene expression patterns. Aberrant DNA methylation has been well known in the CpG regions and profile of microRNAs (mi-RNAs) expression also involved in cancer development. In addition, the gene expression through epigenetic control contribution to thyroid cancer is analyzed and it is semi considered in the clinic. However the epigenetic of the thyroid cancer is yet remains in its early stages, and it carries encouraging potential thyroid cancer detections in its early stages, assessment of prognosis and targeted cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou S, Liang Y, Zhang X, Liao L, Yang Y, Ouyang W, Xu H. SHARPIN Promotes Melanoma Progression via Rap1 Signaling Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:395-403.e6. [PMID: 31401046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SHARPIN, as a tumor-associated gene, is involved in the metastatic process of many kinds of tumors. Herein, we studied the function of Shank-associated RH domain interacting protein (SHARPIN) in melanoma metastasis and the relevant molecular mechanisms. We found that SHARPIN expression was increased in melanoma tissues and activated the process of proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a poor prognosis of the disease. Functional analysis demonstrated that SHARPIN promoted melanoma migration and invasion by regulating Ras-associated protein-1(Rap1) and its downstream pathways, including p38 and JNK/c-Jun. Rap1 activator (8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP) and inhibitor (ESI-09 and farnesylthiosalicylic acid-amide) treatments could partially rescue invasion and migration of tumor cells. Additionally, SHARPIN expression in cell lines and public datasets also indicated that molecules other than BRAF and N-RAS may contribute to SHARPIN activation. In conclusion, our broad-in-depth work suggests that SHARPIN promotes melanoma development via p38 and JNK/c-Jun pathways through upregulation of Rap1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lexi Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiyuan Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin X, Di X, Wang R, Ma H, Tian C, Zhao M, Cong S, Liu J, Li R, Wang K. RBM10 inhibits cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma via RAP1/AKT/CREB signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3897-3904. [PMID: 30955253 PMCID: PMC6533519 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial functional studies have demonstrated that RNA‐binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) can promote apoptosis and suppress cell proliferation; however, the results of several studies suggest a tumour‐promoting role for RBM10. Herein, we assessed the involvement of RBM10 in lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and explored the potential molecular mechanism. We found that, both in vitro and in vivo, RBM10 overexpression suppresses lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, while its knockdown enhances cell proliferation. Using complementary DNA microarray analysis, we previously found that RBM10 overexpression induces significant down‐regulation of RAP1A expression. In this study, we have confirmed that RBM10 decreases the activation of RAP1 and found that EPAC stimulation and inhibition can abolish the effects of RBM10 knockdown and overexpression, respectively, and regulate cell growth. This effect of RBM10 on proliferation was independent of the MAPK/ERK and P38/MAPK signalling pathways. We found that RBM10 reduces the phosphorylation of CREB via the AKT signalling pathway, suggesting that RBM10 exhibits its effect on lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via the RAP1/AKT/CREB signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Operation room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin JH, Lee WJ, Wu HC, Wu CH, Chen LC, Huang CC, Chang HL, Cheng TC, Chang HW, Ho CT, Tu SH, Ho YS. Small G protein signalling modulator 2 (SGSM2) is involved in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer metastasis through enhancement of migratory cell adhesion via interaction with E-cadherin. Cell Adh Migr 2019; 13:120-137. [PMID: 30744493 PMCID: PMC6527379 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2019.1568139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of small G protein signalling modulators (SGSM1/2/3) in cancer remains unknown. Our findings demonstrated that SGSM2 is a plasma membrane protein that strongly interacted with E-cadherin/β-catenin. SGSM2 downregulation enhanced the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK; Y576/577), decreased the expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Paxillin, and increased the expression of Snail and Twist-1, which reduced cell adhesion and promoted cancer cell migration. Oestrogen and fibronectin treatment was found to promote the colocalization of SGSM2 at the leading edge with phospho-FAK (Y397). The BioGRID database showed that SGSM2 potentially interacts with cytoskeleton remodelling and cell-cell junction proteins. These evidences suggest that SGSM2 plays a role in modulating cell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics during cancer migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juo-Han Lin
- a Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology , Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- b Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology , Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- c Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Wu
- d Department of Surgery , School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Department of General Surgery , En Chu Kong Hospital , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- f Breast Medical Center , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,g Taipei Cancer Center , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,h TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- d Department of Surgery , School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,i School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City , Taiwan.,j Department of Surgery , Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Hang-Lung Chang
- e Department of General Surgery , En Chu Kong Hospital , New Taipei City , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- k School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- l Department of Laboratory Medicine , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- m Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , NJ , USA
| | - Shih-Hsin Tu
- d Department of Surgery , School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,f Breast Medical Center , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,g Taipei Cancer Center , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- h TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,k School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,l Department of Laboratory Medicine , Taipei Medical University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,n Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Epac agonist improves barrier function in iPSC-derived endothelial colony forming cells for whole organ tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 200:25-34. [PMID: 30754017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole organ engineering paradigms typically involve repopulating acellular organ scaffolds with recipient-compatible cells, to generate a neo-organ that may provide key physiological functions. In the case of whole lung engineering, functionally endothelialized pulmonary vasculature is critical for establishing a fluid-tight barrier at the level of the alveolus, so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged in the organ. We have previously developed a protocol to efficiently seed endothelial cells into the microvascular channels of decellularized lung scaffolds, but fully functional endothelial coverage, in terms of barrier function and resistance to thrombosis, was not achieved. In this study, we investigated whether various small molecules could favorably impact endothelial functionality after seeding into decellularized lung scaffolds. We demonstrated that the Epac-selective cAMP analog 8CPT-2Me-cAMP improves endothelial barrier function in repopulated lung scaffolds. When treated with the Epac agonist, barrier function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) improved, and was maintained for at least three days, whereas the effect of other tested molecules lasted for only 5 h. Treatment with the Epac agonist re-organized actin structure, and appeared to increase the continuity of junction proteins such as VE-cadherin and ZO1. Blockade of actin polymerization abolished the effect of the Epac agonist on barrier function and actin reorganization, confirming a strong actin-mediated effect. Similarly, after treatment with Epac agonist, the barrier function in iPSC-derived endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) was increased and the enhanced barrier was maintained for at least 60 h. After culture in lung scaffolds for 5 days, iPSC-ECFCs maintained their phenotype by expressing CD31, eNOS, vWF, and VE-Cadherin. Treatment with the Epac agonist significantly improved the barrier function of iPSC-ECFC-repopulated lung for at least 6 h. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that Epac-selective 8CPT-2Me-cAMP activation enhanced vascular barrier in iPSC-ECFC-engineered lungs, and may be useful to improve endothelial functionality for whole organ tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang T, Jiang K, Zhu X, Zhao G, Wu H, Deng G, Qiu C. miR-433 inhibits breast cancer cell growth via the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting Rap1a. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:622-632. [PMID: 29904277 PMCID: PMC6001658 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in the world. The fight against breast cancer has also become a major task for medical workers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are often aberrantly expressed in diverse cancers and are involved in progression and metastasis. Many studies have found that miRNAs can act as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes. Here, we show that miR-433 is significantly decreased in breast cancer cells. In addition, we demonstrate the effects of miR-433 on breast cancer cell apoptosis, migration and proliferation in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action of miR-433. Moreover, Rap1a was predicted to be a potential target of miR-433 using bioinformatic approaches, and we found that the expression of Rap1a is inversely correlated with the level of miR-433. Further studies through overexpression and knockdown of Rap1a confirmed that Rap1a, as a direct target gene of miR-433, contributes to the functions of miR-433. In addition, we found that Rap1a activates the MAPK signaling pathway, which can contribute to cell migration and proliferation and can inhibit apoptosis. Overall, these findings highlight miR-433 as a tumor suppressor gene in the regulation of the progression and metastatic potential of breast cancer and may benefit the future development of therapies targeting miR-433 in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Q, Teng Y, Wang J, Yu M, Li Y, Zheng H. Rap1 promotes proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell via the ERK pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1045-1050. [PMID: 29789158 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rap1 is involved in a multitude of cellular signal transduction pathways, which has extensively been linked to cell proliferation and migration. It has been shown to be important in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The present study aims to elucidate its detailed mechanistic in proliferation and migration. MATERIAL/METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were transfected with pcDNA3.1(empty vector), pcDNA3.1 containing Myc-Tagged-Rap1V12 (Rap1V12) or pcDNA3.1 containing Flag-Tagged-Rap1GAP (Rap1GAP).The cells were presence or absence with 8CPT-2'OMe-cAMP or SDF-1 before transfection. The proliferation and migration were examined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and transwell analysis, respectively. Afterwards, western blot was performed to detect the expression of ERK, phosphorylated-ERK, Rap1, Rap1GAP and Rap1GTP. RESULTS The results showed that proliferation, migration and the expression of Rap1, Rap1GAP, p-EKR were boosted in treatment of Rap1V12-transfection. However, Rap1GAP presented the opposite effects. Subsequently, VSMCs were pretreatment with stimulators Rap1 guanine exchange factor (Rap1GEF), 8CPT-2'OMe-cAMP and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), then transfected with different vectors and the expression of Rap1, Rap1GAP and p-EKR were obviously decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicated for the first time that Rap1 was essential for the VSMCs in proliferation and migration by ERK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yunfei Teng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shah S, Brock EJ, Ji K, Mattingly RR. Ras and Rap1: A tale of two GTPases. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 54:29-39. [PMID: 29621614 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ras oncoproteins play pivotal roles in both the development and maintenance of many tumor types. Unfortunately, these proteins are difficult to directly target using traditional pharmacological strategies, in part due to their lack of obvious binding pockets or allosteric sites. This obstacle has driven a considerable amount of research into pursuing alternative ways to effectively inhibit Ras, examples of which include inducing mislocalization to prevent Ras maturation and inactivating downstream proteins in Ras-driven signaling pathways. Ras proteins are archetypes of a superfamily of small GTPases that play specific roles in the regulation of many cellular processes, including vesicle trafficking, nuclear transport, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and cell cycle progression. Several other superfamily members have also been linked to the control of normal and cancer cell growth and survival. For example, Rap1 has high sequence similarity to Ras, has overlapping binding partners, and has been demonstrated to both oppose and mimic Ras-driven cancer phenotypes. Rap1 plays an important role in cell adhesion and integrin function in a variety of cell types. Mechanistically, Ras and Rap1 cooperate to initiate and sustain ERK signaling, which is activated in many malignancies and is the target of successful therapeutics. Here we review the role activated Rap1 in ERK signaling and other downstream pathways to promote invasion and cell migration and metastasis in various cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Shah
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ethan J Brock
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Raymond R Mattingly
- Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Millar MW, Corson N, Xu L. The Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR56/ADGRG1, Inhibits Cell-Extracellular Matrix Signaling to Prevent Metastatic Melanoma Growth. Front Oncol 2018; 8:8. [PMID: 29450192 PMCID: PMC5799216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic growth is considered a rate-limiting step in cancer progression, and upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cell-ECM signaling are major drivers of this process. Mechanisms to reverse ECM upregulation in cancer could potentially facilitate its prevention and treatment but they are poorly understood. We previously reported that the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor GPR56/ADGRG1 is downregulated in melanoma metastases. Its re-expression inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis and reduced the deposition of fibronectin, a major ECM component. We hypothesize that its effect on fibronectin deposition contributes to its inhibitory role on metastatic growth. To test this, we investigated the function of GPR56 on cell-fibronectin adhesion and its relationship with metastatic growth in melanoma. Our results reveal that GPR56 inhibits melanoma metastatic growth by impeding the expansion of micrometastases to macrometastases. Meanwhile, we present evidence that GPR56 inhibits fibronectin deposition and its downstream signaling, such as phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), during this process. Administration of the FAK inhibitor Y15 perturbed the proliferation of melanoma metastases, supporting a causative link between the cell adhesion defect induced by GPR56 and its inhibition of metastatic growth. Taken together, our results suggest that GPR56 in melanoma metastases inhibits ECM accumulation and adhesion, which contributes to its negative effects on metastatic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Millar
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Nancy Corson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodríguez CI, Castro-Pérez E, Prabhakar K, Block L, Longley BJ, Wisinski JA, Kimple ME, Setaluri V. EPAC-RAP1 Axis-Mediated Switch in the Response of Primary and Metastatic Melanoma to Cyclic AMP. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1792-1802. [PMID: 28851815 PMCID: PMC6309370 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an important second messenger that regulates a wide range of physiologic processes. In mammalian cutaneous melanocytes, cAMP-mediated signaling pathways activated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), like melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), play critical roles in melanocyte homeostasis including cell survival, proliferation, and pigment synthesis. Impaired cAMP signaling is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma. Although mutations in MAPK pathway components are the most frequent oncogenic drivers of melanoma, the role of cAMP in melanoma is not well understood. Here, using the Braf(V600E)/Pten-null mouse model of melanoma, topical application of an adenylate cyclase agonist, forskolin (a cAMP inducer), accelerated melanoma tumor development in vivo and stimulated the proliferation of mouse and human primary melanoma cells, but not human metastatic melanoma cells in vitro The differential response of primary and metastatic melanoma cells was also evident upon pharmacologic inhibition of the cAMP effector protein kinase A. Pharmacologic inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of other cAMP signaling pathway components showed that EPAC-RAP1 axis, an alternative cAMP signaling pathway, mediates the switch in response of primary and metastatic melanoma cells to cAMP. Evaluation of pERK levels revealed that this phenotypic switch was not correlated with changes in MAPK pathway activity. Although cAMP elevation did not alter the sensitivity of metastatic melanoma cells to BRAF(V600E) and MEK inhibitors, the EPAC-RAP1 axis appears to contribute to resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition. These data reveal a MAPK pathway-independent switch in response to cAMP signaling during melanoma progression.Implications: The prosurvival mechanism involving the cAMP-EPAC-RAP1 signaling pathway suggest the potential for new targeted therapies in melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1792-802. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos I Rodríguez
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kirthana Prabhakar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura Block
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - B Jack Longley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reilly JE, Neighbors JD, Hohl RJ. Targeting protein geranylgeranylation slows tumor development in a murine model of prostate cancer metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:872-882. [PMID: 27624889 PMCID: PMC5710670 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1219817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP) plays a critical role in providing substrates and enzymes necessary for the post-translational modification and thus activation of a number of proteins involved in prostate cancer metastasis. Previous work by our lab found novel compound disodium [(6Z,11E,15E)-9-[bis(sodiooxy)phosphoryl]-17-hydroxy-2,6,12,16-tetramethyheptadeca-2,6,11,15-tetraen-9-yl]phosphonate (GGOHBP), which inhibits the IBP enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), reduced protein geranylgeranylation without altering protein farnesylation. This activity significantly reduced adrenal gland tumor burden in a murine model of human prostate cancer metastasis which relied on treatment of established disease. The present study determined the ability of GGDPS inhibition to slow the development of prostate cancer metastasis in a preventative murine model. Using tail vein injection of human derived PC-3 prostate cancer cells 4 d after initiating daily GGOHBP or vehicle treatments, we found GGOHBP significantly reduced whole body tumor burden, significantly slowed the development of tumors, and prolonged overall survival as compared to vehicle treated animals. The observed reduction in soft tissue tumor burden corresponded to a biochemical reduction in Rap1A geranylgeranylation, which for prostate cancer is important in its own merit and which serves as a surrogate marker for Rho family, i.e. Rac, protein modification. This effect was present in all treated mice pointing to strong target engagement, which was not observed in non-tumor burdened tissues or control mice. Our findings reiterate a role for protein geranylgeranylation in the development of prostate cancer metastasis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raymond J. Hohl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Malignant carcinomas are often characterized by metastasis, the movement of carcinoma cells from a primary site to colonize distant organs. For metastasis to occur, carcinoma cells first must adopt a pro-migratory phenotype and move through the surrounding stroma towards a blood or lymphatic vessel. Currently, there are very limited possibilities to target these processes therapeutically. The family of Rho GTPases is an ubiquitously expressed division of GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular signaling. The best characterized members of the Rho family GTPases are RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. Abnormalities in Rho GTPase function have major consequences for cancer progression. Rho GTPase activation is driven by cell surface receptors that activate GTP exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on Rho GTPase function in the regulation of metastasis. We will focus on key discoveries in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), cell-cell junctions, formation of membrane protrusions, plasticity of cell migration and adaptation to a hypoxic environment. In addition, we will emphasize on crosstalk between Rho GTPase family members and other important oncogenic pathways, such as cyclic AMP-mediated signaling, canonical Wnt/β-catenin, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) and provide an overview of the advancements and challenges in developing pharmacological tools to target Rho GTPase and the aforementioned crosstalk in the context of cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang L, Zhu B, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhan W, Xie S, Shi H, Yu R. Regulation of glioma migration and invasion via modification of Rap2a activity by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2565-2574. [PMID: 28405688 PMCID: PMC5428538 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Νeuronal precursor cell expressed and developmentally downregulated protein (Nedd4-1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with critical roles in the pathogenesis of cancer. Herein, we demonstrated that Nedd4-1 protein was upregulated in glioma tissues vs. that in non-cancerous tissues by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Scratch migration and Transwell chamber assays indicated that downregulation of Nedd4-1 significantly reduced the migration and invasion of the glioma cell lines U251 and U87. Conversely, overexpression of Nedd4-1 obviously enhanced the migratory and invasive capacities in both cell lines. To investigate the role of Nedd4-1 and the intracellular pathways involved, we performed pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays, and recognized that Nedd4-1, TNIK and Rap2a formed a complex. Moreover, Nedd4-1 selectively ubiquitinated its specific substrates, the wild-type Rap2a (WT-Rap2a) and dominant-active Rap2a (DA-Rap2a) rather than the dominant-negative Rap2a (DN-Rap2a) in the U251 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that Rap2a was robustly ubiquitinated by Nedd4-1 along with the K63-linked, but not the K48-linked ubiquitin chain, which significantly inhibited GTP-Rap2a activity by GST-RalGDS pull-down assay. To further verify whether the ubiquitination of Rap2a by Nedd4-1 regulated the migration and invasion of glioma cells, Nedd4-1, HA-tagged ubiquitin and its mutants as well as WT-Rap2a were co-transfected in the U251 and U87 cell lines. The results confirmed that Nedd4-1 inhibited GTP-Rap2a activity, and promoted the migration and invasion of glioma cells. In brief, our findings demonstrated the important role of Nedd4-1 in regulating the migration and invasion of glioma cells via the Nedd4-1/Rap2a pathway, which may qualify Nedd4-1 as a viable therapeutic target for glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bingxin Zhu
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Zhan
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shao Xie
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insitute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Ras-associated protein-1 (Rap1), a small GTPase in the Ras-related protein family, is an important regulator of basic cellular functions (e.g., formation and control of cell adhesions and junctions), cellular migration, and polarization. Through its interaction with other proteins, Rap1 plays many roles during cell invasion and metastasis in different cancers. The basic function of Rap1 is straightforward; it acts as a switch during cellular signaling transduction and regulated by its binding to either guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP). However, its remarkably diverse function is rendered by its interplay with a large number of distinct Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factors and Rap GTPase activating proteins. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which Rap1 signaling can regulate cell invasion and metastasis, focusing on its roles in integrin and cadherin regulation, Rho GTPase control, and matrix metalloproteinase expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ken Cheng
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Brian Z Ring
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Takahashi M, Li Y, Dillon TJ, Stork PJS. Phosphorylation of Rap1 by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) Creates a Binding Site for KSR to Sustain ERK Activation by cAMP. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1449-1461. [PMID: 28003362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important mediator of hormonal stimulation of cell growth and differentiation through its activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. Two small G proteins, Ras and Rap1 have been proposed to mediate this activation. Using HEK293 cells as a model system, we have recently shown that both Ras and Rap1 are required for cAMP signaling to ERKs. However, cAMP-dependent Ras signaling to ERKs is transient and rapidly terminated by PKA phosphorylation of the Raf isoforms C-Raf and B-Raf. In contrast, cAMP-dependent Rap1 signaling to ERKs and Rap1 is potentiated by PKA. We show that this is due to sustained binding of B-Raf to Rap1. One of the targets of PKA is Rap1 itself, directly phosphorylating Rap1a on serine 180 and Rap1b on serine 179. We show that these phosphorylations create potential binding sites for the adaptor protein 14-3-3 that links Rap1 to the scaffold protein KSR. These results suggest that Rap1 activation of ERKs requires PKA phosphorylation and KSR binding. Because KSR and B-Raf exist as heterodimers within the cell, this binding also brings B-Raf to Rap1, allowing Rap1 to couple to ERKs through B-Raf binding to Rap1 independently of its Ras-binding domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maho Takahashi
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Yanping Li
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Tara J Dillon
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Philip J S Stork
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lerebours A, Chapman EC, Sweet MJ, Heupel MR, Rotchell JM. Molecular changes in skin pigmented lesions of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:130-135. [PMID: 27521482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A high prevalence of skin pigmented lesions of 15% was recently reported in coral trout Plectropomus leopardus, a commercially important marine fish, inhabiting the Great Barrier Reef. Herein, fish were sampled at two offshore sites, characterised by high and low lesion prevalence. A transcriptomic approach using the suppressive subtractive hybridisation (SSH) method was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes between lesion and normal skin samples. Transcriptional changes of 14 genes were observed in lesion samples relative to normal skin samples. These targeted genes encoded for specific proteins which are involved in general cell function but also in different stages disrupted during the tumourigenesis process of other organisms, such as cell cycling, cell proliferation, skeletal organisation and cell migration. The results highlight transcripts that are associated with the lesion occurrence, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular aetiology of this coral trout skin disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Chapman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Sweet
- Molecular Health and Disease Laboratory, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, DE22 1GB, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li Y, Dillon TJ, Takahashi M, Earley KT, Stork PJS. Protein Kinase A-independent Ras Protein Activation Cooperates with Rap1 Protein to Mediate Activation of the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases (ERK) by cAMP. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21584-21595. [PMID: 27531745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important mediator of hormonal stimulation of cell growth and differentiation through its activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade. Two small G proteins, Ras and Rap1, have been proposed to mediate this activation, with either Ras or Rap1 acting in distinct cell types. Using Hek293 cells, we show that both Ras and Rap1 are required for cAMP signaling to ERKs. The roles of Ras and Rap1 were distinguished by their mechanism of activation, dependence on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and the magnitude and kinetics of their effects on ERKs. Ras was required for the early portion of ERK activation by cAMP and was activated independently of PKA. Ras activation required the Ras/Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) PDZ-GEF1. Importantly, this action of PDZ-GEF1 was disrupted by mutation within its putative cyclic nucleotide-binding domain within PDZ-GEF1. Compared with Ras, Rap1 activation of ERKs was of longer duration. Rap1 activation was dependent on PKA and required Src family kinases and the Rap1 exchanger C3G. This is the first report of a mechanism for the cooperative actions of Ras and Rap1 in cAMP activation of ERKs. One physiological role for the sustained activation of ERKs is the transcription and stabilization of a range of transcription factors, including c-FOS. We show that the induction of c-FOS by cAMP required both the early and sustained phases of ERK activation, requiring Ras and Rap1, as well as for each of the Raf isoforms, B-Raf and C-Raf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Tara J Dillon
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Maho Takahashi
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Keith T Earley
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| | - Philip J S Stork
- From the Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fogli S, Arena C, Carpi S, Polini B, Bertini S, Digiacomo M, Gado F, Saba A, Saccomanni G, Breschi MC, Nieri P, Manera C, Macchia M. Cytotoxic Activity of Oleocanthal Isolated from Virgin Olive Oil on Human Melanoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:873-7. [PMID: 27266366 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1180407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oleocanthal is one of the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil with important anti-inflammatory properties. Although its potential anticancer activity has been reported, only limited evidence has been provided in cutaneous malignant melanoma. The present study is aimed at investigating the selective in vitro antiproliferative activity of oleocanthal against human malignant melanoma cells. Since oleocanthal is not commercially available, it was obtained as a pure standard by direct extraction and purification from extra virgin olive oil. Cell viability experiments carried out by WST-1 assay demonstrated that oleocanthal had a remarkable and selective activity for human melanoma cells versus normal dermal fibroblasts with IC50s in the low micromolar range of concentrations. Such an effect was paralleled by a significant inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. These findings may suggest that extra virgin olive oil phenolic extract enriched in oleocanthal deserves further investigation in skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Chiara Arena
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- c Department of Surgery , Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Nieri
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Evidence for embryonic stem-like signature and epithelial-mesenchymal transition features in the spheroid cells derived from lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11843-11859. [PMID: 27048287 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the cellular and molecular aspects of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) that are suggested to be the main culprit of tumor initiation, maintenance, drug resistance, and relapse is a prerequisite for targeted therapy of lung cancer. In the current study, LCSCs subpopulation of A549 cells was enriched, and after characterization of the spheroid cells, complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the spheroid and parental cells. Microarray results were validated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and western blotting. Our results showed that spheroid cells had higher clonogenic potential, up-regulation of stemness gene Sox2, loss of CD44 expression, and gain of CD24 expression compared to parental cells. Among a total of 160 genes that were differentially expressed between the spheroid cells and the parental cells, 104 genes were up-regulated and 56 genes were down-regulated. Analysis of cDNA microarray revealed an embryonic stem cell-like signature and over-expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes in the spheroid cells. cDNA microarray results were validated at the gene expression level using qRT-PCR, and further validation was performed at the protein level by flow cytometry and western blotting. The embryonic stem cell-like signature in the spheroid cells supports two important notions: maintenance of CSCs phenotype by dedifferentiating mechanisms activated through oncogenic pathways and the origination of CSCs from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). PI3/AKT3, as the most common up-regulated pathway, and other pathways related to aggressive tumor behavior and EMT process can confer to the spheroid cells' high potential for metastasis and distant seeding.
Collapse
|
37
|
FRIZZLED7 Is Required for Tumor Initiation and Metastatic Growth of Melanoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147638. [PMID: 26808375 PMCID: PMC4726610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are thought to arise from cancer stem cells and their tumor initiating abilities are required for the establishment of metastases. Nevertheless, in metastatic melanoma, the nature of cancer stem cells is under debate and their contribution to metastasis formation remains unknown. Using an experimental metastasis model, we discovered that high levels of the WNT receptor, FZD7, correlated with enhanced metastatic potentials of melanoma cell lines. Knocking down of FZD7 in a panel of four melanoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in lung metastases in animal models, arguing that FZD7 plays a causal role during metastasis formation. Notably, limiting dilution analyses revealed that FZD7 is essential for the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and FZD7 knockdown impeded the early expansion of metastatic melanoma cells shortly after seeding, in accordance with the view that tumor initiating ability of cancer cells is required for metastasis formation. FZD7 activated JNK in melanoma cell lines in vitro and the expression of a dominant negative JNK suppressed metastasis formation in vivo, suggesting that FZD7 may promote metastatic growth of melanoma cells via activation of JNK. Taken together, our findings uncovered a signaling pathway that regulates the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and contributes to metastasis formation in melanoma.
Collapse
|
38
|
Almahariq M, Mei FC, Cheng X. The pleiotropic role of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) in cancer: implications for therapeutic intervention. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:75-81. [PMID: 26525949 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic second messenger adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) regulates a myriad of biological processes under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) mediates the intracellular functions of cAMP by acting as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras-like Rap small GTPases. Recent studies suggest that EPAC1 plays important roles in immunomodulation, cancer cell migration/metastasis, and metabolism. These results, coupled with the successful development of EPAC-specific small molecule inhibitors, identify EPAC1 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muayad Almahariq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Fang C Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kato Y, Yokoyama U, Yanai C, Ishige R, Kurotaki D, Umemura M, Fujita T, Kubota T, Okumura S, Sata M, Tamura T, Ishikawa Y. Epac1 Deficiency Attenuated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Neointimal Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2617-25. [PMID: 26427796 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration causes neointima, which is related to vascular remodeling after mechanical injury and atherosclerosis development. We previously reported that an exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) 1 was upregulated in mouse arterial neointima and promoted SMC migration. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of Epac1-induced SMC migration and the effect of Epac1 deficiency on vascular remodeling in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor-BB promoted a 2-fold increase in SMC migration in a primary culture of aortic SMCs obtained from Epac1(+/+) mice (Epac1(+/+)-ASMCs), whereas there was only a 1.2-fold increase in Epac1(-/-)-ASMCs. The degree of platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) was smaller in Fura2-labeled Epac1(-/-)-ASMCs than in Epac1(+/+)-ASMCs. In Epac1(+/+)-ASMCs, an Epac-selective cAMP analog or platelet-derived growth factor-BB increased lamellipodia accompanied by cofilin dephosphorylation, which is induced by Ca(2+) signaling, whereas these effects were rarely observed in Epac1(-/-)-ASMCs. Furthermore, 4 weeks after femoral artery injury, prominent neointima were formed in Epac1(+/+) mice, whereas neointima formation was significantly attenuated in Epac1(-/-) mice in which dephosphorylation of cofilin was inhibited. The chimeric mice generated by bone marrow cell transplantation from Epac1(+/+) into Epac1(-/-) mice and vice versa demonstrated that the genetic background of vascular tissues, including SMCs rather than of bone marrow-derived cells affected Epac1-mediated neointima formation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Epac1 deficiency attenuates neointima formation through, at least in part, inhibition of SMC migration, in which a decrease in Ca(2+) influx and a suppression of cofilin-mediated lamellipodia formation occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kato
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.).
| | - Chiharu Yanai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Rina Ishige
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Masanari Umemura
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Masataka Sata
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute (Y.K., U.Y., C.Y., M.U., T.F., Y.I.) and Department of Immunology (D.K., T.T.), Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., R.I., T.K.); Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (S.O.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (M.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pascoal-Xavier MA, Figueiredo ACC, Gomes LI, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Calzavara-Silva CE, Costa MA, Reis IA, Bonjardim CA, Kroon EG, de Oliveira JG, Ferreira PCP. RAP1 GTPase overexpression is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123531. [PMID: 25856570 PMCID: PMC4391937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RAP1 (RAS proximate 1), a small GTP-binding protein of the RAS superfamily, is a putative oncogene that is highly expressed in several malignant cell lines and types of cancers, including some types of squamous cell carcinoma. However, the participation of RAP1 in cervical carcinogenesis is unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study of paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies to determine the association of RAP1 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Standard and quantitative immunohistochemistry assessment of RAP1 expression in fixed tissue was performed on 183 paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies that were classified as normal or non-dysplastic mucosa (NDM) (n = 33); CIN grade 1 (n = 84) and CIN grade 2/3 (n = 66). A gradual increase in RAP1 expression in NDM < CIN 1 < CIN 2/3 (p<0.001) specimens was observed and was in agreement with the histopathologic diagnosis. A progressive increase in the RAP1 expression levels increased the risk of CIN 1 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-10.64] 3.5 fold and the risk of CIN 2/3 (OR = 19.86, 95% CI 6.40-70.79) nearly 20 fold when compared to NDM. In addition, stereotype ordinal regression analysis showed that this progressive increase in RAP1 expression more strongly impacted CIN 2/3 than CIN 1. Our findings suggest that RAP1 may be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of CIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antonio Pascoal-Xavier
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Azevedo Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ilka Afonso Reis
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Claudio Antônio Bonjardim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Glucocorticoids mediate induction of microRNA-708 to suppress ovarian cancer metastasis through targeting Rap1B. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5917. [PMID: 25569036 PMCID: PMC4354140 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used in conjunction with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer to prevent hypersensitivity reactions. Here we reveal a novel role for glucocorticoids in the inhibition of ovarian cancer metastasis. Glucocorticoid treatments induce the expression of miR-708, leading to the suppression of Rap1B, which result in the reduction of integrin-mediated focal adhesion formation, inhibition of ovarian cancer cell migration/invasion and impaired abdominal metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Restoring Rap1B expression reverts glucocorticoid-miR-708 cascade-mediated suppression of ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Clinically, low miR-708 and high Rap1B are found in late-state ovarian tumours, as compared with normal, and patients with high miR-708 show significantly better survival. Overall, our findings reveal an opportunity for glucocorticoids and their downstream mediators, miR-708 or Rap1B, as therapeutic modalities against metastatic ovarian epithelial cancer. Glucocorticoids show promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here the authors show that glucocorticoids transcriptionally induce the tumour suppressor miR-708, which is downregulated in ovarian cancer, especially in late stages and metastatic tumours.
Collapse
|
42
|
Faam B, Ghaffari MA, Ghadiri A, Azizi F. Epigenetic modifications in human thyroid cancer. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:3-8. [PMID: 25469237 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy of the endocrine organs, and its incidence rate has steadily increased over the last decade. Over 95% of thyroid carcinoma is derived from follicular cells that have a spectrum of differentiation to the most invasive malignancy. The molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer remains to be clarified, although activating the RET, RAS and BRAF oncogenes have been well characterized. Increasing evidence from previous studies demonstrates that acquired epigenetic abnormalities participating with genetic alteration results in altered patterns of gene expression/function. Aberrant DNA methylation has been established in the CpG regions and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile recognized in cancer development. In the present review, a literature review was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed with the terms 'epigenetic patterns in thyroid cancer [or papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC)]', 'DNA methylation in thyroid cancer (or PTC, FTC, MTC, ATC)', 'miRNA expression in thyroid cancer (or PTC, FTC, MTC, ATC)', 'epigenetic patterns in cancer' and the current understanding of epigenetic patterns in thyroid cancer was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Faam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ghaffari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tiwary S, Preziosi M, Rothberg PG, Zeitouni N, Corson N, Xu L. ERBB3 is required for metastasis formation of melanoma cells. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e110. [PMID: 25000258 PMCID: PMC4150209 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is curable when it is at an early phase but is lethal once it becomes metastatic. The recent development of BRAF(V600E) inhibitors (BIs) showed great promise in treating metastatic melanoma, but resistance developed quickly in the treated patients, and these inhibitors are not effective on melanomas that express wild-type BRAF. Alternative therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma are urgently needed. Here we report that ERBB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, is required for the formation of lung metastasis from both the BI-sensitive melanoma cell line, MA-2, and the BI-resistant melanoma cell line, 451Lu-R. Further analyses revealed that ERBB3 does not affect the initial seeding of melanoma cells in lung but is required for their further development into overt metastases, indicating that ERBB3 might be essential for the survival of melanoma cells after they reach the lung. Consistent with this, the ERBB3 ligand, NRG1, is highly expressed in mouse lungs and induces ERBB3-depdnent phosphorylation of AKT in both MA-2 and 451Lu-R cells in vitro. These findings suggest that ERBB3 may serve as a target for treating metastatic melanomas that are resistant to BIs. In support of this, administration of the pan-ERBB inhibitor, canertinib, significantly suppresses the metastasis formation of BI-resistant melanoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tiwary
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Preziosi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - P G Rothberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - N Zeitouni
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - N Corson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - L Xu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hocsak E, Cseh A, Szabo A, Bellyei S, Pozsgai E, Kalai T, Hideg K, Sumegi B, Boronkai A. PARP inhibitor attenuated colony formation can be restored by MAP kinase inhibitors in different irradiated cancer cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1152-61. [PMID: 24937370 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.934927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Purpose: Sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation is a major challenge in clinical oncology. We aimed to define the signal transduction pathways involved in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-induced radiosensitization in various mammalian cancer lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonogenic survival assays and Western blot examinations were performed following telecobalt irradiation of cancer cells in the presence or absence of various combinations of PARP- and selective mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. RESULTS HO3089 resulted in significant cytotoxicity when combined with irradiation. In human U251 glioblastoma and A549 lung cancer cell lines, Erk1/2 and JNK/SAPK were found to mediate this effect of HO3089 since inhibitors of these kinases ameliorated it. In murine 4T1 breast cancer cell line, p38 MAPK rather than Erk1/2 or JNK/SAPK was identified as the main mediator of HO3089's radiosensitizing effect. Besides the aforementioned changes in kinase signaling, we detected increased p53, unchanged Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression in the A549 cell line. CONCLUSIONS HO3089 sensitizes cancer cells to photon irradiation via proapoptotic processes where p53 plays a crucial role. Activation of MAPK pathways is regarded the consequence of irradiation-induced DNA damage, thus their inhibition can counteract the radiosenzitizing effect of the PARP inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs , Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nuclear SIPA1 activates integrin β1 promoter and promotes invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
46
|
Sheng Y, Ding S, Chen K, Chen J, Wang S, Zou C, Zhang J, Cao Y, Huang A, Tang H. Functional analysis of miR-101-3p and Rap1b involved in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:152-62. [PMID: 24697700 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-101(miR-101) has been shown to be down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor in the development and progression of HCC. However, the correlation between HBV and miR-101 has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we reported that HBV could repress miR-101-3p by inhibiting its promoter activity and identified the potential effects of miR-101-3p on some important biological properties of HCC cells by targeting Rap1b. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that HBV down-regulated miR-101-3p by inhibiting its promoter activity. Down-regulation of miR-101-3p promoted cell proliferation, migration, and reduced apoptosis, and resulted in up-regulation of Rap1b, while overexpression of miR-101-3p inhibited these processes. Moreover, overexpression of Rap1b was able to reverse the suppressed cell proliferation and migration mediated by miR-101-3p. Our data showed that HBV down-regulated miR-101-3p expression by inhibiting its promoter activity, which resulted in up-regulation of Rap1b, and down-regulation of miR-101-3p or up-regulation of Rap1b promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells. This provides a new understanding of the mechanism of HBV-related HCC pathogenesis and the potential application of miR-101-3p in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Sheng
- a Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang L, Zhan W, Xie S, Hu J, Shi Q, Zhou X, Wu Y, Wang S, Fei Z, Yu R. Over-expression of Rap2a inhibits glioma migration and invasion by down-regulating p-AKT. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:326-34. [PMID: 24293123 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ras-oncogenic pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various tumours in humans, in which mutations of three canonical genes including H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras are the most common events. Dysregulation of Ras signalling can be tumourigenic, especially gliomas of the central nervous system. Rap proteins are members of the small GTPase superfamily that involved in many biological processes. However, it remains largely unclear as to whether and how Rap proteins are involved in the development of multiple gliomas. We found that the levels of the protein Rap2a and the activity of Rap2a (GTP-Rap2a) were weakly expressed in glioma tissues. Overexpressed Rap2a significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells with an increase of GTP-Rap2a. Overexpression of the dominant-active (DA-Rap2a), but not the dominant-negative (DN-Rap2a) form of Rap2a, also similarly inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells by reducing the phosphorylation level of AKT. In contrast, downregulation of Rap2a promoted glioma migration and invasion, and raised the phosphorylation level of AKT, whereas these effects were inhibited by PI3K-specific inhibitor, LY294002. Thus unlike the other family members of Ras, Rab2a probably serves as a tumour suppressor in the pathogenesis of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen CP, Huang JP, Chu TY, Aplin J, Chen CY, Wu YH. Human placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells modulate trophoblast migration via Rap1 activation. Placenta 2013; 34:913-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
49
|
Liu F, Cao J, Lv J, Dong L, Pier E, Xu GX, Wang RA, Xu Z, Goding C, Cui R. TBX2 expression is regulated by PAX3 in the melanocyte lineage. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:67-77. [PMID: 23020925 PMCID: PMC3527652 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paired box homeotic gene 3 (PAX3) is a crucial regulator for the maintenance of melanocytic progenitor cells and has a poorly defined role in melanoma. To understand how PAX3 affects melanocyte and melanoma proliferation, we identified potential PAX3 downstream targets through gene expression profiling. Here, we identify T-box 2 (TBX2), a key developmental regulator of cell identity and an antisenescence factor in melanoma, as a directly regulated PAX3 target. We also found that TBX2 is involved in the survival of melanoma cells and is overexpressed in some melanoma specimens. The identification of TBX2 as a target for PAX3 provides a key insight into how PAX3 may contribute to melanoma evolution and may provide opportunities for prosenescence therapeutic intervention aimed at disrupting the ability of PAX3 to regulate TBX2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,100020
| | - Juxiang Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jinghu Lv
- Rizhao General Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Eric Pier
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - George X. Xu
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rui-an Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 17 Ave S, Birmingham, Al 35233
| | - Colin Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine 609 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen CH, Chuang HC, Huang CC, Fang FM, Huang HY, Tsai HT, Su LJ, Shiu LY, Leu S, Chien CY. Overexpression of Rap-1A indicates a poor prognosis for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and promotes tumor cell invasion via Aurora-A modulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 182:516-28. [PMID: 23219753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The functions of Rap-1A in oral carcinogenesis are largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the expression of Rap-1A at different malignant stages of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Semiquantitative RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to evaluate Rap-1A mRNA and protein expressions, respectively, in paired OCSCC patient specimens. To determine the possible correlation between Rap-1A expression and various clinical characteristics, 256 samples from patients with OCSCC were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Strong Rap-1A expression was a significant prognostic marker and predictor of aggressive OCSCC. The overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rates were significantly correlated with strong expression of Rap-1A (P < 0.001). Functionally, overexpressed Rap-1A could promote oral cancer cell migration and invasion by Transwell chambers and wound healing assay. Conversely, the suppression of Rap-1A expression using Rap-1A-mediated siRNA was sufficient to decrease cell motility. Furthermore, our data also illustrated that Aurora-A could not only induce mRNA and protein expressions of Rap-1A for enhancing cancer cell motility but also co-localize and form a complex with Rap-1A in the oral cancer cell line. Finally, immunohistochemical staining, indirect immunofluorescence, and Western blotting analysis of human aggressive OCSCC specimens revealed a significantly positive correlation between Rap-1A and Aurora-A expression. Taken together, our results suggest that the Aurora-A/Rap-1A pathway is associated with survival, tumor progression, and metastasis of OCSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Han Chen
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|