1
|
Myall NJ, Das M. ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: Understanding biology and optimizing management in the era of new approvals. Curr Probl Cancer 2024; 53:101133. [PMID: 39260124 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Rearrangements involving the ROS1 gene are infrequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but represent an important targetable driver alteration. Occurring most commonly in patients with adenocarcinoma who have a light or never smoking history, ROS1 rearrangements can be identified by either fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or next-generation sequencing techniques. Multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are now available for the effective treatment of ROS1-rearranged NSCLC in the metastatic setting including crizotinib, entrectinib, and repotrectinib as first-line therapy options. In addition, newer targeted therapies with increased selectivity for ROS1 over other targets are also emerging. As treatment of the disease continues to evolve, understanding the clinical course of patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC as well as the data supporting the latest therapy options is key to timely, effective, and longitudinal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Myall
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford CA, United States
| | - Millie Das
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford CA, United States; Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave. (111ONC), Palo Alto CA 94304, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan MS, Altwaijry N, Al-Bagmi MS, Alafaleq NO, Alokail MS, Shahwan M, Shamsi A. Structure-guided identification of potent inhibitors of ROS1 kinase for therapeutic development against non-small cell lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3837-3847. [PMID: 37254309 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2217450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS (ROS1) is a member of the sevenless receptor, which affects epithelial cell differentiation and is highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells. The elevated expression and dysfunction of ROS1 have been involved in various malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stomach cancer, ovarian, breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, adenosarcoma, oesophageal cancer, etc. ROS1 has been postulated as a potential drug target in anticancer therapeutics. In this study, we carried out a virtual screening of phytochemicals against ROS1 to identify its potential inhibitors. The virtual screening process was performed on the ROS1 structure, where two phytochemicals, Helioscopinolide C and Taiwanin C, were identified. These compounds resulted from filters like Lipinski rule of five, PAINS filter, binding affinities values, and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and essential dynamics. The findings of this study highlight the role of ROS1 in multiple physiological candidates and its therapeutic targeting using phytochemicals. This study suggests Helioscopinolide C and Taiwanin C as potential compounds for therapeutic development targeting ROS1-associated non-small cell lung cancer for clinical applications. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to validate these findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneera Saud Al-Bagmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Omar Alafaleq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Zhang H, Chen T, Zhang X, Shang G. Current treatment and novel insights regarding ROS1-targeted therapy in malignant tumors. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7201. [PMID: 38629293 PMCID: PMC11022151 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proto-oncogene ROS1 encodes an intrinsic type I membrane protein of the tyrosine kinase/insulin receptor family. ROS1 facilitates the progression of various malignancies via self-mutations or rearrangements. Studies on ROS1-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been conducted, and some have been approved by the FDA for clinical use. However, the adverse effects and mechanisms of resistance associated with ROS1 inhibitors remain unknown. In addition, next-generation ROS1 inhibitors, which have the advantage of treating central nervous system metastases and alleviating endogenous drug resistance, are still in the clinical trial stage. METHOD In this study, we searched relevant articles reporting the mechanism and clinical application of ROS1 in recent years; systematically reviewed the biological mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and research progress on ROS1 inhibitors; and provided perspectives for the future of ROS1-targeted therapy. RESULTS ROS1 is most expressed in malignant tumours. Only a few ROS1 kinase inhibitors are currently approved for use in NSCLC, the efficacy of other TKIs for NSCLC and other malignancies has not been ascertained. There is no effective standard treatment for adverse events or resistance to ROS1-targeted therapy. Next-generation TKIs appear capable of overcoming resistance and delaying central nervous system metastasis, but with a greater incidence of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Further research on next-generation TKIs regarding the localization of ROS1 and its fusion partners, binding sites for targeted drugs, and coadministration with other drugs is required. The correlation between TKIs and chemotherapy or immunotherapy in clinical practice requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of OrthopedicsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - He Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Medical Research CenterShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of OrthopedicsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan X, Kong D, Tao Z, Cheng F, Zhang B, Wang Z, Mei Q, Chen C, Wu K. Simultaneous inhibition of FAK and ROS1 synergistically repressed triple-negative breast cancer by upregulating p53 signalling. Biomark Res 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38273343 PMCID: PMC10809663 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking effective targeted therapies, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. While targeting ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) with crizotinib has shown promise, resistance remains a limitation. Recent evidence links focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to drug resistance, prompting our study to assess the combined impact of FAK inhibitor IN10018 and crizotinib in TNBC and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We employed the Timer database to analyze FAK and ROS1 mRNA levels in TNBC and adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between FAK, ROS1, and TNBC clinical prognosis using the GSE database. We conducted various in vitro assays, including cell viability, colony formation, flow cytometry, EdU assays, and western blotting. Additionally, TNBC xenograft and human TNBC organoid models were established to assess the combined therapy's efficacy. To comprehensively understand the synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms, we utilized multiple techniques, such as RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, cell flow cytometry, C11-BODIPY staining, MDA assay, and GSH assay. RESULTS The Timer database revealed higher levels of FAK and ROS1 in TNBC tissues compared to normal tissues. Analysis of GEO databases indicated that patients with high FAK and ROS1 expression had the poorest prognosis. Western blotting confirmed increased p-FAK expression in crizotinib-resistant TNBC cells. In vitro experiments showed that the combination therapy down-regulated cyclin B1, p-Cdc2, and Bcl2 while up-regulating BAX, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9, and cleaved PARP. In TNBC xenograft models, the tumor volume in the combination therapy group was 73% smaller compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the combination therapy resulted in a 70% reduction in cell viability in human TNBC organoid models (p < 0.0001). RNA sequencing analysis of TNBC cells and xenograft tumor tissues highlighted enrichment in oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism, and p53 pathways. The combined group displayed a fivefold rise in the reactive oxygen species level, a 69% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a sixfold increase in the lipid peroxidation in comparison to the control group. Western blotting demonstrated p53 upregulation and SCL7A11 and GPX4 downregulation in the combination group. The addition of a p53 inhibitor reversed these effects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the combination of IN10018 and crizotinib shows synergistic antitumor effects in TNBC. Mechanistically, this combination inhibits cell proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces ferroptosis, which is associated with increased p53 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhuoli Tao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | | | - Zaiqi Wang
- InxMed (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fabbri L, Di Federico A, Astore M, Marchiori V, Rejtano A, Seminerio R, Gelsomino F, De Giglio A. From Development to Place in Therapy of Lorlatinib for the Treatment of ALK and ROS1 Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:48. [PMID: 38201357 PMCID: PMC10804309 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the results of the CROWN phase III trial, the third-generation macrocyclic ALK inhibitor lorlatinib has been introduced as a salvage option after the failure of a first-line TKI in ALK-rearranged NSCLC, while its precise role in the therapeutic algorithm of ROS1 positive disease is still to be completely defined. The ability to overcome acquired resistance to prior generation TKIs (alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, and crizotinib) and the high intracranial activity in brain metastatic disease thanks to increased blood-brain barrier penetration are the reasons for the growing popularity and interest in this molecule. Nevertheless, the major vulnerability of this drug resides in a peculiar profile of related collateral events, with neurological impairment being the most conflicting and debated clinical issue. The cognitive safety concern, the susceptibility to heterogeneous resistance pathways, and the absence of a valid alternative in the second line are strongly jeopardizing a potential paradigm shift in this oncogene-addicted disease. So, when prescribing lorlatinib, clinicians must face two diametrically opposed characteristics: a great therapeutic potential without the intrinsic limitations of its precursor TKIs, a cytotoxic activity threatened by suboptimal tolerability, and the unavoidable onset of resistance mechanisms we cannot properly manage yet. In this paper, we give a critical point of view on the stepwise introduction of this promising drug into clinical practice, starting from its innovative molecular and biochemical properties to intriguing future developments, without forgetting its weaknesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fabbri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martina Astore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Virginia Marchiori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Agnese Rejtano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Renata Seminerio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.F.); (A.D.F.); (M.A.); (V.M.); (A.R.); (R.S.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sodir NM, Pathria G, Adamkewicz JI, Kelley EH, Sudhamsu J, Merchant M, Chiarle R, Maddalo D. SHP2: A Pleiotropic Target at the Interface of Cancer and Its Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2339-2355. [PMID: 37682219 PMCID: PMC10618746 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase SHP2/PTPN11 has been reported to be a key modulator of proliferative pathways in a wide range of malignancies. Intriguingly, SHP2 has also been described as a critical regulator of the tumor microenvironment. Based on this evidence SHP2 is considered a multifaceted target in cancer, spurring the notion that the development of direct inhibitors of SHP2 would provide the twofold benefit of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition. In this review, we will discuss the role of SHP2 in cancer and the tumor microenvironment, and the clinical strategies in which SHP2 inhibitors are leveraged as combination agents to improve therapeutic response. SIGNIFICANCE The SHP2 phosphatase functions as a pleiotropic factor, and its inhibition not only hinders tumor growth but also reshapes the tumor microenvironment. Although their single-agent activity may be limited, SHP2 inhibitors hold the potential of being key combination agents to enhance the depth and the durability of tumor response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Sodir
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Elizabeth H. Kelley
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Merchant
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Maddalo
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Duan Y, Wang G, Zhu P. A novel TPD52L2-ROS1 gene fusion expanding the molecular alterations in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:105. [PMID: 37735390 PMCID: PMC10512592 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a distinctive tumor composed of spindle cells accompanied by mixed inflammatory cells, and immunohistochemical positivity for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein) can be detected in half of IMTs. The diagnosis of ALK-negative IMT could be a challenge. Recently, the fusions of some kinase genes, such as RET, NTRK1, ROS1, etc., are revealed in ALK-negative IMT. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old woman presented with swelling of the left upper arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a tumor in the left postbrachium extended to the left axillary, serratus anterior muscle, and latissimus dorsi muscle. Histopathologically, the irregular-circumscribed tumor was composed of dense spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic abundant cytoplasm and hyalinized mesenchyme in an inflammatory background. Immunohistochemically (IHC), tumor cells were positive for SMA, MDM2, and p16; the cells were negative for desmin, MyoD1, Myogenin, pan-cytokeratin, S100, SOX10, HMB45, Malen-A, CD34, CD31, CD99, and ALK. By RNA-based NGS, a novel fusion between TPD52L2 3' end of exon 1-4 and ROS1 5' end of exon 36-43 was revealed. ROS1 IHC staining was negative. The final diagnosis of IMT with TPD52L2-ROS1 fusion was made. Subsequently, the patient experienced a good clinical response to Crizotinib, and clinical follow-up showed stable disease after 9 months. CONCLUSION This report expands the spectrum of ROS1 gene rearrangements in the IMT and highlights the importance of molecular analysis of IMT for getting a diagnostic clue and determining potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Duan
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stanzione B, Del Conte A, Bertoli E, De Carlo E, Revelant A, Spina M, Bearz A. Therapeutical Options in ROS1-Rearranged Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11495. [PMID: 37511255 PMCID: PMC10380455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements occur in 0.9-2.6% of patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), conferring sensitivity to treatment with specific tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI). Crizotinib, a first-generation TKI, was the first target-therapy approved for the first-line treatment of ROS1-positive NSCLC. Recently, entrectinib, a multitarget inhibitor with an anti-ROS1 activity 40 times more potent than crizotinib and better activity on the central nervous system (CNS), received approval for treatment-naive patients. After a median time-to-progression of 5.5-20 months, resistance mechanisms can occur, leading to tumor progression. Therefore, newer generation TKI with greater potency and brain penetration have been developed and are currently under investigation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on clinicopathological characteristics of ROS1-positive NSCLC and its therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa De Carlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alberto Revelant
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yeo AT, Shah R, Aliazis K, Pal R, Xu T, Zhang P, Rawal S, Rose CM, Varn FS, Appleman VA, Yoon J, Varma H, Gygi SP, Verhaak RG, Boussiotis VA, Charest A. Driver Mutations Dictate the Immunologic Landscape and Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:629-645. [PMID: 36881002 PMCID: PMC10155040 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is considered a key determinant of patients' response to immunotherapy. The mechanisms underlying TIME formation and development over time are poorly understood. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain cancer for which there are no curative treatments. GBMs are immunologically heterogeneous and impervious to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Utilizing clinically relevant genetic mouse models of GBM, we identified distinct immune landscapes associated with expression of EGFR wild-type and mutant EGFRvIII cancer driver mutations. Over time, accumulation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) was more pronounced in EGFRvIII-driven GBMs and was correlated with resistance to PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. We determined that GBM-secreted CXCL1/2/3 and PMN-MDSC-expressed CXCR2 formed an axis regulating output of PMN-MDSCs from the bone marrow leading to systemic increase in these cells in the spleen and GBM tumor-draining lymph nodes. Pharmacologic targeting of this axis induced a systemic decrease in the numbers of PMN-MDSC, facilitated responses to PD-1 and CTLA-4 combination checkpoint blocking immunotherapy, and prolonged survival in mice bearing EGFRvIII-driven GBM. Our results uncover a relationship between cancer driver mutations, TIME composition, and sensitivity to checkpoint blockade in GBM and support the stratification of patients with GBM for checkpoint blockade therapy based on integrated genotypic and immunologic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Yeo
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rushil Shah
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos Aliazis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rinku Pal
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tuoye Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piyan Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Frederick S. Varn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Vicky A. Appleman
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joon Yoon
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hemant Varma
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roel G.W. Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sorokin M, Rabushko E, Rozenberg JM, Mohammad T, Seryakov A, Sekacheva M, Buzdin A. Clinically relevant fusion oncogenes: detection and practical implications. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221144108. [PMID: 36601633 PMCID: PMC9806411 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221144108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistically, chimeric genes result from DNA rearrangements and include parts of preexisting normal genes combined at the genomic junction site. Some rearranged genes encode pathological proteins with altered molecular functions. Those which can aberrantly promote carcinogenesis are called fusion oncogenes. Their formation is not a rare event in human cancers, and many of them were documented in numerous study reports and in specific databases. They may have various molecular peculiarities like increased stability of an oncogenic part, self-activation of tyrosine kinase receptor moiety, and altered transcriptional regulation activities. Currently, tens of low molecular mass inhibitors are approved in cancers as the drugs targeting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) oncogenic fusion proteins, that is, including ALK, ABL, EGFR, FGFR1-3, NTRK1-3, MET, RET, ROS1 moieties. Therein, the presence of the respective RTK fusion in the cancer genome is the diagnostic biomarker for drug prescription. However, identification of such fusion oncogenes is challenging as the breakpoint may arise in multiple sites within the gene, and the exact fusion partner is generally unknown. There is no gold standard method for RTK fusion detection, and many alternative experimental techniques are employed nowadays to solve this issue. Among them, RNA-seq-based methods offer an advantage of unbiased high-throughput analysis of only transcribed RTK fusion genes, and of simultaneous finding both fusion partners in a single RNA-seq read. Here we focus on current knowledge of biology and clinical aspects of RTK fusion genes, related databases, and laboratory detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizaveta Rabushko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tharaa Mohammad
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Marina Sekacheva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,
Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical
University, Moscow, Russia,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic
Chemistry, Moscow, Russia,PathoBiology Group, European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DELAND LILY, KEANE SIMON, OLSSON BONTELL THOMAS, FAGMAN HENRIK, SJÖGREN HELENE, LIND ANDERSE, CARÉN HELENA, TISELL MAGNUS, NILSSON JONASA, EJESKÄR KATARINA, SABEL MAGNUS, ABEL FRIDA. Novel TPR::ROS1 Fusion Gene Activates MAPK, PI3K and JAK/STAT Signaling in an Infant-type Pediatric Glioma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:711-726. [PMID: 36316040 PMCID: PMC9620451 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Although fusion genes involving the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1 are rare in pediatric glioma, targeted therapies with small inhibitors are increasingly being approved for histology-agnostic fusion-positive solid tumors. PATIENT AND METHODS Here, we present a 16-month-old boy, with a brain tumor in the third ventricle. The patient underwent complete resection but relapsed two years after diagnosis and underwent a second operation. The tumor was initially classified as a low-grade glioma (WHO grade 2); however, methylation profiling suggested the newly WHO-recognized type: infant-type hemispheric glioma. To further refine the molecular background, and search for druggable targets, whole genome (WGS) and whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sequencing was performed. RESULTS Concomitant WGS and RNA-Seq analysis revealed several segmental gains and losses resulting in complex structural rearrangements and fusion genes. Among the top-candidates was a novel TPR::ROS1 fusion, for which only the 3' end of ROS1 was expressed in tumor tissue, indicating that wild type ROS1 is not normally expressed in the tissue of origin. Functional analysis by Western blot on protein lysates from transiently transfected HEK293 cells showed the TPR::ROS1 fusion gene to activate the MAPK-, PI3K- and JAK/STAT- pathways through increased phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, STAT and S6. The downstream pathway activation was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue slides from the patient. CONCLUSION We have mapped the activated oncogenic pathways of a novel ROS1-fusion gene and broadened the knowledge of the newly recognized infant-type glioma subtype. The finding facilitates suitable targeted therapies for the patient in case of relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LILY DELAND
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - SIMON KEANE
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - THOMAS OLSSON BONTELL
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - HENRIK FAGMAN
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - HELENE SJÖGREN
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - ANDERS E. LIND
- Clinical Genomics Gothenburg, SciLife Labs, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - HELENA CARÉN
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - MAGNUS TISELL
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - JONAS A. NILSSON
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - KATARINA EJESKÄR
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - MAGNUS SABEL
- Childhood Cancer Centre, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - FRIDA ABEL
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu ZQ, Wang M, Zhou W, Mao MX, Chen YY, Li N, Peng XC, Cai J, Cai ZQ. ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Biology, Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Resistance. J Drug Target 2022; 30:845-857. [PMID: 35658765 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2085730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ROS1 is a proto-oncogene encoding a receptor tyrosine protein kinase (RTK), homologous to the v - Ros sequence of University of Manchester tumours virus 2(UR2) sarcoma virus, whose ligands are still being investigated. ROS1 fusion genes have been identified in various types of tumours. As an oncoprotein, it promotes cell proliferation, activation and cell cycle progression by activating downstream signalling pathways, accelerating the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Studies have demonstrated that ROS1 inhibitors are effective in patients with ROS1-positive NSCLC and are used for first-line clinical treatment. These small molecule inhibitors provide a rational therapeutic option for the treatment of ROS1-positive patients. Inevitably, ROS1 inhibitor resistance mutations occur, leading to tumours recurrence or progression. Here, we comprehensively review the identified biological properties and Differential subcellular localization of ROS1 fusion oncoprotein promotes tumours progression. We summarize recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of the classic and new ROS1 inhibitors. More importantly, we classify the complex evolving tumours cell resistance mechanisms. This review contributes to our understanding of the biological properties of ROS1 and current therapeutic advances and resistant tumours cells, and the future directions to develop ROS1 inhibitors with durable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Meng-Xia Mao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roosen M, Odé Z, Bunt J, Kool M. The oncogenic fusion landscape in pediatric CNS neoplasms. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:427-451. [PMID: 35169893 PMCID: PMC8960661 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS) are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Recent developments in molecular analyses have greatly contributed to a more accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of CNS tumors. Additionally, sequencing studies have identified various, often entity specific, tumor-driving events. In contrast to adult tumors, which often harbor multiple mutated oncogenic drivers, the number of mutated genes in pediatric cancers is much lower and many tumors can have a single oncogenic driver. Moreover, in children, much more than in adults, fusion proteins play an important role in driving tumorigenesis, and many different fusions have been identified as potential driver events in pediatric CNS neoplasms. However, a comprehensive overview of all the different reported oncogenic fusion proteins in pediatric CNS neoplasms is still lacking. A better understanding of the fusion proteins detected in these tumors and of the molecular mechanisms how these proteins drive tumorigenesis, could improve diagnosis and further benefit translational research into targeted therapies necessary to treat these distinct entities. In this review, we discuss the different oncogenic fusions reported in pediatric CNS neoplasms and their structure to create an overview of the variety of oncogenic fusion proteins to date, the tumor entities they occur in and their proposed mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Roosen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zelda Odé
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Bunt
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Kool
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ and German Cancer Consortium DKTK, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu M, Dai J, Wei M, Pan Q, Zhu W. An updated patent review of small-molecule ROS1 kinase inhibitors (2015-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:713-729. [PMID: 35343863 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2058872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) is the sole member of the ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1-RTK) family, which is involved in the formation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer and other malignant tumors. At present, only crizotinib was approved for the treatment of advanced ROS1-positive NSCLC, and there have been reports of ROS1 mutations resulting in drug resistance. Consequently, it is necessary to develop new generations of inhibitors to overcome the existing problems. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the inhibitors with ROS1 inhibitory activity which are undergoing clinical trials and recent advances in patented ROS1 small molecular inhibitors from 2015 to 2021. EXPERT OPINION ROS1 rearrangements have been found in approximately 1%-2% of patients with NSCLC. Since the approval of crizotinib as multi-targeted ALK/MET/ROS1 kinase inhibitor for ALK-mutated NSCLC therapy, the researchers are focusing on ROS1-mutated tumors, especially NSCLC. However, drug-resistant mutations have already been found in clinical application. Therefore, it is still urgent to develop new generation of ROS1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jintian Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Mudan Wei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qingshan Pan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng H, Luo W, Li Y, Peng G, Zhou D, Tang D, Cheng J, Wu S. Identification and Development of Inflammatory Response-Related Genes Signature Associated With Prognosis Evaluation and Immune Status of Bladder Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837849. [PMID: 35309900 PMCID: PMC8927776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and recurrence rate. The study aims to establish a prediction model to elaborate the relation between inflammatory response and prognosis of BLCA and thus to evaluate the potential prognostic value of inflammatory response-related genes (IRGs) in therapeutic choices. Methods: The study utilized the gene expression profiles from the The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE32894) datasets. Differentially expressed IRGs between normal and tumor tissues were identified, and 10 of them were correlated with overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05). Then, the LASSO-Cox regression analysis was applied to optimize the signature. RNA sequencing data of patients with BLCA from GSE32894 were applied as a validation set. Cox regression analyses of the seven-gene signature were performed to examine the efficiency of signature in predicting prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to measure the predictive performance of the risk score for OS. Analysis of independent prognostic factors, downstream functional enrichment, drug sensitivity, and immune features were included in this study. Results: The IRG signature (LDLR, ROS1, MMP14, TNFAIP6, MYC, PTGER4, and RIPK2) was used to divide patients into high- and low-risk groups. Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk score was an independent predictive factor. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes were enriched in prognosis-related molecular functions and immune-related biological processes. Drug sensitivity and tumor microenvironment correlation analysis indicated that the signature was related to immunotherapy effect. Conclusion: The study defined a new prognostic signature consisting of seven IRGs, which could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with BLCA and reveal relationship of immune features in BLCA with different risk scores. The study also provided a possible indicator for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zheng
- Luohu Clinical Medicine School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weihan Luo
- Luohu Clinical Medicine School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Luohu Clinical Medicine School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyu Peng
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dewang Zhou
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Song Wu
- Luohu Clinical Medicine School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Health Science Center, South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gendarme S, Bylicki O, Chouaid C, Guisier F. ROS-1 Fusions in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Evidence to Date. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:641-658. [PMID: 35200557 PMCID: PMC8870726 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ROS-1 gene plays a major role in the oncogenesis of numerous tumors. ROS-1 rearrangement is found in 0.9–2.6% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), mostly lung adenocarcinomas, with a significantly higher rate of women, non-smokers, and a tendency to a younger age. It has been demonstrated that ROS-1 is a true oncogenic driver, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting ROS-1 can block tumor growth and provide clinical benefit for the patient. Since 2016, crizotinib has been the first-line reference therapy, with two-thirds of the patients’ tumors responding and progression-free survival lasting ~20 months. More recently developed are ROS-1-targeting TKIs that are active against resistance mechanisms appearing under crizotinib and have better brain penetration. This review summarizes current knowledge on ROS-1 rearrangement in NSCLCs, including the mechanisms responsible for ROS-1 oncogenicity, epidemiology of ROS-1-positive tumors, methods for detecting rearrangement, phenotypic, histological, and molecular characteristics, and their therapeutic management. Much of this work is devoted to resistance mechanisms and the development of promising new molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gendarme
- INSERM, IMRB (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Unit), University Paris Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France;
- Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 40, Avenue de Verdun, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivier Bylicki
- Respiratory Disease Unit, HIA Sainte-Anne, 2, Boulevard Saint-Anne, F-83000 Toulon, France;
| | - Christos Chouaid
- INSERM, IMRB (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Unit), University Paris Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France;
- Pneumology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 40, Avenue de Verdun, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Florian Guisier
- Department of Pneumology, Rouen University Hospital, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France;
- Clinical Investigation Center, Rouen University Hospital, CIC INSERM 1404, 1 Rue de Germont, F-76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Batra U, Nathany S, Sachdeva R, Sharma M, Amrith BP, Vaidya S. ROS1 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma: A narrative review. CANCER RESEARCH, STATISTICS, AND TREATMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_322_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
|
18
|
Nagarajan PP, Tora MS, Neill SG, Federici T, Texakalidis P, Donsante A, Canoll P, Lei K, Boulis NM. Lentiviral-Induced Spinal Cord Gliomas in Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12943. [PMID: 34884748 PMCID: PMC8657985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are a rare and understudied cancer with poor treatment options and prognosis. Our prior study used a combination of PDGF-B, HRAS, and p53 knockdown to induce the development of high-grade glioma in the spinal cords of minipigs. In this study, we evaluate the ability of each vector alone and combinations of vectors to produce high-grade spinal cord gliomas. Eight groups of rats (n = 8/group) underwent thoracolumbar laminectomy and injection of lentiviral vector in the lateral white matter of the spinal cord. Each group received a different combination of lentiviral vectors expressing PDGF-B, a constitutively active HRAS mutant, or shRNA targeting p53, or a control vector. All animals were monitored once per week for clinical deficits for 98 days. Tissues were harvested and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Rats injected with PDGF-B+HRAS+sh-p53 (triple cocktail) exhibited statistically significant declines in all behavioral measures (Basso Beattie Bresnahan scoring, Tarlov scoring, weight, and survival rate) over time when compared to the control. Histologically, all groups except the control and those injected with sh-p53 displayed the development of tumors at the injection site, although there were differences in the rate of tumor growth and the histopathological features of the lesions between groups. Examination of immunohistochemistry revealed rats receiving triple cocktail displayed the largest and most significant increase in the Ki67 proliferation index and GFAP positivity than any other group. PDGF-B+HRAS also displayed a significant increase in the Ki67 proliferation index. Rats receiving PDGF-B alone and PDGF-B+ sh-p53 displayed more a significant increase in SOX2-positive staining than in any other group. We found that different vector combinations produced differing high-grade glioma models in rodents. The combination of all three vectors produced a model of high-grade glioma more efficiently and aggressively with respect to behavioral, physiological, and histological characteristics than the rest of the vector combinations. Thus, the present rat model of spinal cord glioma may potentially be used to evaluate therapeutic strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva P. Nagarajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Muhibullah S. Tora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stewart G. Neill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Thais Federici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Pavlos Texakalidis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Anthony Donsante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Kecheng Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicholas M. Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guaitoli G, Bertolini F, Bettelli S, Manfredini S, Maur M, Trudu L, Aramini B, Masciale V, Grisendi G, Dominici M, Barbieri F. Deepening the Knowledge of ROS1 Rearrangements in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, Resistance and Concomitant Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12867. [PMID: 34884672 PMCID: PMC8657497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements are reported in about 1-2% of non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After efficacy of crizotinib was demonstrated, identification of ROS1 translocations in advanced disease became fundamental to give patients the chance of specific and effective treatment. Different methods are available for detection of rearrangements, and probably the real prevalence of ROS1 rearrangements is higher than that reported in literature, as our capacity to detect gene rearrangements is improving. In particular, with next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, we are currently able to assess multiple genes simultaneously with increasing sensitivity. This is leading to overcome the "single oncogenic driver" paradigm, and in the very near future, the co-existence of multiple drivers will probably emerge more frequently and represent a therapeutic issue. Since recently, crizotinib has been the only available therapy, but today, many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are emerging and seem promising both in first and subsequent lines of treatment. Indeed, novel inhibitors are also able to overcome resistance mutations to crizotinib, hypothesizing a possible sequential strategy also in ROS1-rearranged disease. In this review, we will focus on ROS1 rearrangements, dealing with diagnostic aspects, new therapeutic options, resistance issues and the coexistence of ROS1 translocations with other molecular alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Guaitoli
- Ph.D. Program Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (M.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Stefania Bettelli
- Molecular Pathology, Modena University Hospital, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Samantha Manfredini
- Molecular Pathology, Modena University Hospital, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Michela Maur
- Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (M.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Lucia Trudu
- Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Oncology and Hematology, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (M.D.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Fausto Barbieri
- Molecular Pathology, Modena University Hospital, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
You G, Fan X, Hu H, Jiang T, Chen CC. Fusion Genes Altered in Adult Malignant Gliomas. Front Neurol 2021; 12:715206. [PMID: 34671307 PMCID: PMC8520976 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.715206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are highly heterogeneous brain tumors in molecular genetic background. Despite the many recent advances in the understanding of this disease, patients with adult high-grade gliomas retain a notoriously poor prognosis. Fusions involving oncogenes have been reported in gliomas and may serve as novel therapeutic targets to date. Understanding the gene fusions and how they regulate oncogenesis and malignant progression will contribute to explore new approaches for personalized treatment. By now, studies on gene fusions in gliomas remain limited. However, some current clinical trials targeting fusion genes have presented exciting preliminary findings. The aim of this review is to summarize all the reported fusion genes in high-grade gliomas so far, discuss the characterization of some of the most popular gene fusions occurring in malignant gliomas, as well as their function in tumorigenesis, and the underlying clinical implication as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jarahian M, Marofi F, Maashi MS, Ghaebi M, Khezri A, Berger MR. Re-Expression of Poly/Oligo-Sialylated Adhesion Molecules on the Surface of Tumor Cells Disrupts Their Interaction with Immune-Effector Cells and Contributes to Pathophysiological Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5203. [PMID: 34680351 PMCID: PMC8534074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans linked to surface proteins are the most complex biological macromolecules that play an active role in various cellular mechanisms. This diversity is the basis of cell-cell interaction and communication, cell growth, cell migration, as well as co-stimulatory or inhibitory signaling. Our review describes the importance of neuraminic acid and its derivatives as recognition elements, which are located at the outermost positions of carbohydrate chains linked to specific glycoproteins or glycolipids. Tumor cells, especially from solid tumors, mask themselves by re-expression of hypersialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), neuropilin-2 (NRP-2), or synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM 1) in order to protect themselves against the cytotoxic attack of the also highly sialylated immune effector cells. More particularly, we focus on α-2,8-linked polysialic acid chains, which characterize carrier glycoproteins such as NCAM, NRP-2, or SynCam-1. This characteristic property correlates with an aggressive clinical phenotype and endows them with multiple roles in biological processes that underlie all steps of cancer progression, including regulation of cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as increased proliferation, migration, reduced apoptosis rate of tumor cells, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Specifically, re-expression of poly/oligo-sialylated adhesion molecules on the surface of tumor cells disrupts their interaction with immune-effector cells and contributes to pathophysiological immune escape. Further, sialylated glycoproteins induce immunoregulatory cytokines and growth factors through interactions with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. We describe the processes, which modulate the interaction between sialylated carrier glycoproteins and their ligands, and illustrate that sialic acids could be targets of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer and immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran;
| | - Abdolrahman Khezri
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Hamar, Norway;
| | - Martin R. Berger
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu C, Zha Z, Zhou C, Chen Y, Xia W, Wang YN, Lee HH, Yin Y, Yan M, Chang CW, Chan LC, Qiu Y, Li H, Li CW, Hsu JM, Hsu JL, Wang SC, Ren N, Hung MC. Ribonuclease 7-driven activation of ROS1 is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2021; 74:907-918. [PMID: 33031845 PMCID: PMC7979498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There are currently limited therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly when it is diagnosed at advanced stages. Herein, we examined the pathophysiological role of ROS1 and assessed the utility of ROS1-targeted therapy for the treatment of HCC. METHODS Recombinant ribonucleases (RNases) were purified, and the ligand-receptor relationship between RNase7 and ROS1 was validated in HCC cell lines by Duolink, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation assays. Potential interacting residues between ROS1 and RNase7 were predicted using a protein-protein docking approach. The oncogenic function of RNase7 was analyzed by cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays, and a xenograft mouse model. The efficacy of anti-ROS1 inhibitor treatment was evaluated in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and orthotopic models. Two independent patient cohorts were analyzed to evaluate the pathological relevance of RNase7/ROS1. RESULTS RNase7 associated with ROS1's N3-P2 domain and promoted ROS1-mediated oncogenic transformation. Patients with HCC exhibited elevated plasma RNase7 levels compared with healthy individuals. High ROS1 and RNase7 expression were strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. In both HCC PDX and orthotopic mouse models, ROS1 inhibitor treatment markedly suppressed RNase7-induced tumorigenesis, leading to decreased plasma RNase7 levels and tumor shrinkage in mice. CONCLUSIONS RNase7 serves as a high-affinity ligand for ROS1. Plasma RNase7 could be used as a biomarker to identify patients with HCC who may benefit from anti-ROS1 treatment. LAY SUMMARY Receptor tyrosine kinases are known to be involved in tumorigenesis and have been targeted therapeutically for a number of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. ROS1 is the only such receptor with kinase activity whose ligand has not been identified. Herein, we show that RNase7 acts as a ligand to activate ROS1 signaling. This has important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. Anti-ROS1 inhibitors could be used to treatment patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and high RNase7 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyu Zha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yirui Yin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meisi Yan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chiung-Wen Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yufan Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The Third Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
König D, Savic Prince S, Rothschild SI. Targeted Therapy in Advanced and Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An Update on Treatment of the Most Important Actionable Oncogenic Driver Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:804. [PMID: 33671873 PMCID: PMC7918961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to groundbreaking developments and continuous progress, the treatment of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become an exciting, but increasingly challenging task. This applies, in particular, to the subgroup of NSCLC with oncogenic driver alterations. While the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged NSCLC with various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is well-established, new targets have been identified in the last few years and new TKIs introduced in clinical practice. Even for KRAS mutations, considered for a long time as an "un-targetable" alteration, promising new drugs are emerging. The detection and in-depth molecular analysis of resistance mechanisms has further fueled the development of new therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review is to give a comprehensive overview on the current landscape of targetable oncogenic alterations in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David König
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sacha I. Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fois SS, Paliogiannis P, Zinellu A, Fois AG, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Molecular Epidemiology of the Main Druggable Genetic Alterations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E612. [PMID: 33435440 PMCID: PMC7827915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death for malignancy worldwide. Its molecular profiling has enriched our understanding of cancer initiation and progression and has become fundamental to provide guidance on treatment with targeted therapies. Testing the presence of driver mutations in specific genes in lung tumors has thus radically changed the clinical management and outcomes of the disease. Numerous studies performed with traditional sequencing methods have investigated the occurrence of such mutations in lung cancer, and new insights regarding their frequency and clinical significance are continuously provided with the use of last generation sequencing technologies. In this review, we discuss the molecular epidemiology of the main druggable genetic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer, namely EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, MET, and HER2 mutations or amplification, as well as ALK and ROS1 fusions. Furthermore, we investigated the predictive impact of these alterations on the outcomes of modern targeted therapies, their global prognostic significance, and their mutual interaction in cases of co-occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.S.F.); (A.G.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.S.F.); (A.G.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro G. Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.S.F.); (A.G.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.S.F.); (A.G.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pelizzo G, Chiricosta L, Mazzon E, Zuccotti GV, Avanzini MA, Croce S, Lima M, Bramanti P, Calcaterra V. Discovering Genotype Variants in an Infant with VACTERL through Clinical Exome Sequencing: A Support for Personalized Risk Assessment and Disease Prevention. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:45-56. [PMID: 33466296 PMCID: PMC7838983 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies may have an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) We performed a clinical exome analysis in an infant affected by "Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Genitourinary, and Limb" (VACTERL) malformation association to identify potential biomarkers that may be helpful for preventing malignancy risk or other chronic processes. Among the variants, six variants that may be linked with VACTERL were identified in the exome analysis. The variants c.501G>C on OLR1 and c.-8C>G on PSMA6 were previously associated with myocardial infarction. The variants c.1936A>G on AKAP10 and c.575A>G on PON1 are linked to defects in cardiac conduction and artery disease, respectively. Alterations in metabolism were also suggested by the variants c.860G>A on EPHX2 and c.214C>A on GHRL. In addition, three variants associated with colon cancer were discovered. Specifically, the reported variants were c.723G>A on CCND1 and c.91T>A on AURKA proto-oncogenes as well as c.827A>C in the tumor suppressor PTPRJ. A further inspection identified 15 rare variants carried by cancer genes. Specifically, these mutations are located on five tumor suppressors (SDHA, RB1CC1, PTCH1, DMBT1, BCR) and eight proto-oncogenes (MERTK, CSF1R, MYB, ROS1, PCM1, FGFR2, MYH11, BRCC3) and have an allele frequency lower than 0.01 in the Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD). We observed that the cardiac and metabolic phenotypic traits are linked with the genotype of the patient. In addition, the risk of developing neoplasia cannot be excluded a priori. Long-term surgical issues of patients with VATER syndrome could benefit from the clinical exome sequencing of a personalized risk assessment for the appearance of further disease in pubertal timing and adult age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Ospedale dei Bambini “Vittore Buzzi”, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini “Vittore Buzzi”, 20154 Milano, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children’s Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Croce
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children’s Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Mario Lima
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (L.C.); (E.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini “Vittore Buzzi”, 20154 Milano, Italy;
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Drilon A, Jenkins C, Iyer S, Schoenfeld A, Keddy C, Davare MA. ROS1-dependent cancers - biology, diagnostics and therapeutics. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:35-55. [PMID: 32760015 PMCID: PMC8830365 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene ROS1 encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase with an unknown physiological role in humans. Somatic chromosomal fusions involving ROS1 produce chimeric oncoproteins that drive a diverse range of cancers in adult and paediatric patients. ROS1-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are therapeutically active against these cancers, although only early-generation multikinase inhibitors have been granted regulatory approval, specifically for the treatment of ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancers; histology-agnostic approvals have yet to be granted. Intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to ROS1 TKIs can emerge in patients. Potential factors that influence resistance acquisition include the subcellular localization of the particular ROS1 oncoprotein and the TKI properties such as the preferential kinase conformation engaged and the spectrum of targets beyond ROS1. Importantly, the polyclonal nature of resistance remains underexplored. Higher-affinity next-generation ROS1 TKIs developed to have improved intracranial activity and to mitigate ROS1-intrinsic resistance mechanisms have demonstrated clinical efficacy in these regards, thus highlighting the utility of sequential ROS1 TKI therapy. Selective ROS1 inhibitors have yet to be developed, and thus the specific adverse effects of ROS1 inhibition cannot be deconvoluted from the toxicity profiles of the available multikinase inhibitors. Herein, we discuss the non-malignant and malignant biology of ROS1, the diagnostic challenges that ROS1 fusions present and the strategies to target ROS1 fusion proteins in both treatment-naive and acquired-resistance settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Drilon
- Early Drug Development and Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chelsea Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sudarshan Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adam Schoenfeld
- Early Drug Development and Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare Keddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mitra R, Ayyannan SR. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Shp2 Phosphatase as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents for Glioblastoma: A Minireview. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:777-787. [PMID: 33210828 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a dreadful cancer characterised by poor prognosis, low survival rate and difficult clinical correlations. Several signalling pathways and molecular mediators are known to precipitate GBM, and small-molecular targets of these mediators have become a favoured thrust area for researchers to develop potent anti-GBM drugs. Shp2, an important phosphatase of the nonreceptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN) subfamily is responsible for master regulation of several such signalling pathways in normal and glioma cells. Thus, inhibition of Shp2 is a logical strategy for the design and development of anti-neoplastic drugs against GBM. Though tapping the full potential of Shp2 binding sites has been challenging, nevertheless, many synthetic and natural scaffolds have been documented as possessing potent and selective anti-Shp2 activities in biochemical and cellular assays, through either active-site or allosteric binding. Most of these scaffolds share a few common pharmacophoric features, a thorough study of which is useful in paving the way for the design and development of improved Shp2 inhibitors. This minireview summarizes the current scenario of potent small-molecule Shp2 inhibitors and emphasizes the anti-GBM potential of some important scaffolds that have shown promising GBM-specific activity in in vitro and in vivo models, thus proving their efficacy in GBM therapy. This review could guide researchers to design new and improved anti-Shp2 pharmacophores and develop them as anti-GBM agents by employing GBM-centric drug-discovery protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rangan Mitra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil R Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Araujo JM, Gomez AC, Pinto JA, Rolfo C, Raez LE. Profile of entrectinib in the treatment of ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence to date. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 14:192-198. [PMID: 33290717 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) encodes a type I integral membrane protein with tyrosine kinase activity and whose activating alterations are involved in the aggressiveness of several tumor types. Fusions involving ROS1 gene are present in 1-2% of lung adenocarcinomas and other solid tumors. Entrectinib, also known as RXDX-101, is a potent second-generation, multitarget oral inhibitor against NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, ALK, and ROS1 with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Results of Phase I and II trials have led the Food and Drug Administration to grant approval to entrectinib for the treatment of patients with metastatic, ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, we will describe the biology of ROS1, as well as results of the efficacy and safety of different clinical trials evaluating entrectinib in ROS1-positive NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhajaira M Araujo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea C Gomez
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Oncosalud-AUNA, Lima, Peru
| | - Christian Rolfo
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis E Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute/Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up approximately 1% to 2% of all NSCLC, is oncogenically driven by a constitutively activated ROS1 kinase paired with certain fusion partners, and can be detected by several different assays. These patients are initially treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which target the activated ROS1 kinase. Eventually these tumors develop resistance to initial TKI treatment through secondary kinase mutations that block TKI binding or activation of bypass signaling pathways, which subvert ROS1 as the driver of the malignancy. Investigation of several TKIs that have shown efficacy in secondary resistant patients is underway.
Collapse
|
30
|
RASAL1 and ROS1 Gene Variants in Hereditary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092539. [PMID: 32906649 PMCID: PMC7563829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Identifying novel genetic factors conferring BC predisposition is crucial to predict who is at increased risk of developing the disease, allowing for early detection and therapy, and optimized patient management. We identified germline pathogenic variants in familial breast cancer patients in ROS1 and RASAL1 genes. Further analysis in independent patient group will help understanding the role of these novel genes in breast cancer predisposition. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death in women. BC patients with family history or clinical features suggestive of inherited predisposition are candidate to genetic testing to determine whether a hereditary cancer syndrome is present. We aimed to identify new predisposing variants in familial BC patients using next-generation sequencing approaches. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in first-degree cousin pairs affected by hereditary BC negative at the BRCA1/2 (BReast CAncer gene 1/2) testing. Targeted analysis, for the genes resulting mutated via WES, was performed in additional 131 independent patients with a suspected hereditary predisposition (negative at the BRCA1/2 testing). We retrieved sequencing data for the mutated genes from WES of 197 Italian unrelated controls to perform a case-controls collapsing analysis. We found damaging variants in NPL (N-Acetylneuraminate Pyruvate Lyase), POLN (DNA Polymerase Nu), RASAL1 (RAS Protein Activator Like 1) and ROS1 (ROS Proto-Oncogene 1, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase), shared by the corresponding cousin pairs. We demonstrated that the splice site alterations identified in NPL and ROS1 (in two different pairs, respectively) impaired the formation of the correct transcripts. Target analysis in additional patients identified novel and rare damaging variants in RASAL1 and ROS1, with a significant allele frequency increase in cases. Moreover, ROS1 achieved a significantly higher proportion of variants among cases in comparison to our internal control database of Italian subjects (p = 0.0401). Our findings indicate that germline variants in ROS1 and RASAL1 might confer susceptibility to BC.
Collapse
|
31
|
Vuong HG, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen HC, Nguyen PT, Ho ATN, Hassell L. Efficacy and Safety of Crizotinib in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with ROS1 Rearrangement or MET Alteration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Target Oncol 2020; 15:589-598. [PMID: 32865687 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crizotinib has been approved for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) gene fusion. This drug has also been granted breakthrough designation for NSCLCs with MET exon 14 alterations. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients with these diseases. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for relevant studies. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to calculate the pooled rate of complete response, partial response, stable disease, progressive disease, disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), and drug adverse effects (AEs) of crizotinib in NSCLCs with ROS1 rearrangement or MET alterations. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for meta-analysis. Among patients with ROS1-positive NSCLC, crizotinib exhibited a pooled DCR of 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.8-95.5) and a pooled ORR of 77.4% (95% CI 72.8-82.1). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients in this group was 14.5 and 32.6 months, respectively. For NSCLC with MET alterations, crizotinib was associated with a lower efficacy (DCR 78.9% [95% CI 70.3-87.4] and ORR 40.6% [95% CI 28.3-53.0]). The median PFS was 5.2 months, and median OS was 12.7 months. The most common drug AEs were vision impairment (43.7%), edema (42.9%), and fatigue (40.1%). CONCLUSION Our study highlighted and confirmed the efficacy of crizotinib in patients with NSCLC with ROS1 or MET genetic alterations. Crizotinib had remarkable effects on advanced NSCLC with ROS1 fusion, as previously reported. However, the role of this targeted therapy in MET-altered NSCLC remains investigational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University of Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Thu Quynh Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, 700-000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Cong Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, 700-000, Vietnam
| | - Phuoc Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, 700-000, Vietnam
| | - An Thi Nhat Ho
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Lewis Hassell
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Richardson TE, Tang K, Vasudevaraja V, Serrano J, William CM, Mirchia K, Pierson CR, Leonard JR, AbdelBaki MS, Schieffer KM, Cottrell CE, Tovar-Spinoza Z, Comito MA, Boué DR, Jour G, Snuderl M. GOPC-ROS1 Fusion Due to Microdeletion at 6q22 Is an Oncogenic Driver in a Subset of Pediatric Gliomas and Glioneuronal Tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:1089-1099. [PMID: 31626289 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ROS1 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase proto-oncogene that has been shown to have rearrangements with several genes in glioblastoma and other neoplasms, including intrachromosomal fusion with GOPC due to microdeletions at 6q22.1. ROS1 fusion events are important findings in these tumors, as they are potentially targetable alterations with newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, whether these tumors represent a distinct entity remains unknown. In this report, we identify 3 cases of unusual pediatric glioma with GOPC-ROS1 fusion. We reviewed the clinical history, radiologic and histologic features, performed methylation analysis, whole genome copy number profiling, and next generation sequencing analysis for the detection of oncogenic mutation and fusion events to fully characterize the genetic and epigenetic alterations present in these tumors. Two of 3 tumors showed pilocytic features with focal expression of synaptophysin staining and variable high-grade histologic features; the third tumor aligned best with glioblastoma and showed no evidence of neuronal differentiation. Copy number profiling revealed chromosome 6q22 microdeletions corresponding to the GOPC-ROS1 fusion in all 3 cases and methylation profiling showed that the tumors did not cluster together as a single entity or within known methylation classes by t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | | | - Jonathan Serrano
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University
| | | | - Kanish Mirchia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University
| | | | | | - Mohamed S AbdelBaki
- Department of Pediatrics (MAC), State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Kathleen M Schieffer
- Waters Center for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, State University of New York, Upstate Cancer Center, Syracuse, New York
| | - Catherine E Cottrell
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Melanie A Comito
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Daniel R Boué
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University
| | - George Jour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ryall S, Tabori U, Hawkins C. Pediatric low-grade glioma in the era of molecular diagnostics. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32164789 PMCID: PMC7066826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low grade gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors in children and encompass a spectrum of histologic entities which are currently assigned World Health Organisation grades I and II. They differ substantially from their adult counterparts in both their underlying genetic alterations and in the infrequency with which they transform to higher grade tumors. Nonetheless, children with low grade glioma are a therapeutic challenge due to the heterogeneity in their clinical behavior – in particular, those with incomplete surgical resection often suffer repeat progressions with resultant morbidity and, in some cases, mortality. The identification of up-regulation of the RAS–mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway as a near universal feature of these tumors has led to the development of targeted therapeutics aimed at improving responses while mitigating patient morbidity. Here, we review how molecular information can help to further define the entities which fall under the umbrella of pediatric-type low-grade glioma. In doing so we discuss the specific molecular drivers of pediatric low grade glioma and how to effectively test for them, review the newest therapeutic agents and their utility in treating this disease, and propose a risk-based stratification system that considers both clinical and molecular parameters to aid clinicians in making treatment decisions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Digumarthy SR, Mendoza DP, Zhang EW, Lennerz JK, Heist RS. Clinicopathologic and Imaging Features of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122033. [PMID: 31861060 PMCID: PMC6966679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutations are an emerging potentially targetable oncogenic driver mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The imaging features and patterns of metastasis of NSCLC with primary METex14 skipping mutations (METex14-mutated NSCLC) are not well described. Our goal was to determine the clinicopathologic and imaging features that may suggest the presence of METex14 skipping mutations in NSCLC. This IRB-approved retrospective study included NSCLC patients with primary METex14 skipping mutations and pre-treatment imaging data between January 2013 and December 2018. The clinicopathologic characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. The imaging features of the primary tumor and metastases were analyzed by two thoracic radiologists. In total, 84 patients with METex14-mutated NSCLC (mean age = 71.4 ± 10 years; F = 52, 61.9%, M = 32, 38.1%; smokers = 47, 56.0%, nonsmokers = 37, 44.0%) were included in the study. Most tumors were adenocarcinoma (72; 85.7%) and presented as masses (53/84; 63.1%) that were peripheral in location (62/84; 73.8%). More than one in five cancers were multifocal (19/84; 22.6%). Most patients with metastatic disease had only extrathoracic metastases (23/34; 67.6%). Fewer patients had both extrathoracic and intrathoracic metastases (10/34; 29.4%), and one patient had only intrathoracic metastases (1/34, 2.9%). The most common metastatic sites were the bones (14/34; 41.2%), the brain (7/34; 20.6%), and the adrenal glands (7/34; 20.6%). Four of the 34 patients (11.8%) had metastases only at a single site. METex14-mutated NSCLC has distinct clinicopathologic and radiologic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subba R. Digumarthy
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (D.P.M.); (E.W.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-724-4254; Fax: +1-617-724-0046
| | - Dexter P. Mendoza
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (D.P.M.); (E.W.Z.)
| | - Eric W. Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (D.P.M.); (E.W.Z.)
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Rebecca S. Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guo Y, Cao R, Zhang X, Huang L, Sun L, Zhao J, Ma J, Han C. Recent Progress in Rare Oncogenic Drivers and Targeted Therapy For Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10343-10360. [PMID: 31819518 PMCID: PMC6886531 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is frequently associated with oncogenic driver mutations, which play an important role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements has become standard therapy for patients with these aberrations because of the greater improvement of survival, tolerance, and quality-of-life compared to chemotherapy. Clinical trials for emerging therapies that target other less common driver genes are generating mixed results. Here, we review the literature on rare drivers in NSCLC with frequencies lower than 5% (e.g., ROS1, RET, MET, BRAF, NTRK, HER2, NRG1, FGFR1, PIK3CA, DDR2, and EGFR exon 20 insertions). In summary, targeting rare oncogenic drivers in NSCLC has achieved some success. With the development of new inhibitors that target these rare drivers, the spectrum of targeted therapy has been expanded, although acquired resistance is still an unavoidable problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jietao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Marks EI, Pamarthy S, Dizon D, Birnbaum A, Yakirevich E, Safran H, Carneiro BA. ROS1-GOPC/FIG: a novel gene fusion in hepatic angiosarcoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:245-251. [PMID: 30719217 PMCID: PMC6349438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) is a rare and highly lethal malignancy with few effective systemic treatments. Relatively little is known about the genetic abnormalities that drive this disease. As a result, there has been minimal progress towards applying targeted therapies to the treatment of HAS. We describe the first reported case of a patient with HAS that harbored a fusion of ROS1 with GOPC/FIG. Similar to other rearrangements involving ROS1, the resulting fusion protein is believed to act as a major driver of carcinogenesis and may be subject to inhibition by drugs that target ROS1 such as crizotinib. We then queried the MSK-IMPACT clinical sequencing cohort and cBioportal datasets, demonstrating the previously unknown prevalence of ROS1-GOPC fusions in soft tissue sarcomas and hepatobiliary cancers. Amplification of these genes was also found to correlate with reduced overall survival. This is followed by a review of the role played by ROS1 rearrangements in cancer, as well as the evidence supporting the use of targeted therapies against the resulting fusion protein. We suggest that testing for ROS1 fusion and, if positive, treatment with a targeted therapy could be considered at the time of diagnosis for patients with angiosarcoma. This report also highlights the need for further investigation into the molecular pathophysiology of this deadly disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric I. Marks
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sahithi Pamarthy
- Atrin Pharmaceuticals, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Don Dizon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ari Birnbaum
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Evgeny Yakirevich
- Department of Pathology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benedito A. Carneiro
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jacobs DI, Qin Q, Fu A, Chen Z, Zhou J, Zhu Y. piRNA-8041 is downregulated in human glioblastoma and suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37616-37626. [PMID: 30701019 PMCID: PMC6340885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that partner with PIWI proteins to protect germline tissues from destabilizing transposon activity. While the aberrant expression of PIWI proteins has been linked with poor outcomes for many cancers, less is known about the expression or function of piRNAs in cancer. We performed array-based piRNA expression profiling in seven pairs of normal brain and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue specimens, and identified expression of ~350 piRNAs in both tissues and a subset with dysregulated expression in GBM. Over-expression of the most down-regulated piRNA in GBM tissue, piR-8041, was found to reduce glioma cell line proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cell survival pathways. Furthermore, pre-treatment with piR-8041 significantly reduced the volume of intracranial mouse xenograft tumors. Taken together, our study reveals reduced expression in GBM of piR-8041 and other piRNAs with tumor suppressive properties, and suggests that restoration of such piRNAs may be a potential strategy for GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Jacobs
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Current address: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Alan Fu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Current Address: Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Neel DS, Allegakoen DV, Olivas V, Mayekar MK, Hemmati G, Chatterjee N, Blakely CM, McCoach CE, Rotow JK, Le A, Karachaliou N, Rosell R, Riess JW, Nichols R, Doebele RC, Bivona TG. Differential Subcellular Localization Regulates Oncogenic Signaling by ROS1 Kinase Fusion Proteins. Cancer Res 2018; 79:546-556. [PMID: 30538120 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements involving receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are a clinically relevant oncogenic mechanism in human cancers. These chimeric oncoproteins often contain the C-terminal kinase domain of the RTK joined in cis to various N-terminal, nonkinase fusion partners. The functional role of the N-terminal fusion partner in RTK fusion oncoproteins is poorly understood. Here, we show that distinct N-terminal fusion partners drive differential subcellular localization, which imparts distinct cell signaling and oncogenic properties of different, clinically relevant ROS1 RTK fusion oncoproteins. SDC4-ROS1 and SLC34A2-ROS1 fusion oncoproteins resided on endosomes and activated the MAPK pathway. CD74-ROS1 variants that localized instead to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) showed compromised activation of MAPK. Forced relocalization of CD74-ROS1 from the ER to endosomes restored MAPK signaling. ROS1 fusion oncoproteins that better activate MAPK formed more aggressive tumors. Thus, differential subcellular localization controlled by the N-terminal fusion partner regulates the oncogenic mechanisms and output of certain RTK fusion oncoproteins. SIGNIFICANCE: ROS1 fusion oncoproteins exhibit differential activation of MAPK signaling according to subcellular localization, with ROS1 fusions localized to endosomes, the strongest activators of MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana S Neel
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David V Allegakoen
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Manasi K Mayekar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Golzar Hemmati
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nilanjana Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Collin M Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Caroline E McCoach
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Julia K Rotow
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anh Le
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program Catalan Institute of Oncology Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program Catalan Institute of Oncology Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan W Riess
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Robert C Doebele
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Davare MA, Henderson JJ, Agarwal A, Wagner JP, Iyer SR, Shah N, Woltjer R, Somwar R, Gilheeney SW, DeCarvalo A, Mikkelson T, Van Meir EG, Ladanyi M, Druker BJ. Rare but Recurrent ROS1 Fusions Resulting From Chromosome 6q22 Microdeletions are Targetable Oncogenes in Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6471-6482. [PMID: 30171048 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas, a genetically heterogeneous group of primary central nervous system tumors, continue to pose a significant clinical challenge. Discovery of chromosomal rearrangements involving kinase genes has enabled precision therapy, and improved outcomes in several malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Positing that similar benefit could be accomplished for patients with brain cancer, we evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma dataset. Functional validation of the oncogenic potential and inhibitory sensitivity of discovered ROS1 fusions was performed using three independent cell-based model systems, and an in vivo murine xenograft study. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed previously unreported intrachromosomal 6q22 microdeletions that generate ROS1-fusions from TCGA glioblastoma dataset. ROS1 fusions in primary glioma and ependymoma were independently corroborated from MSK-IMPACT and Foundation Medicine clinical datasets. GOPC-ROS1 is a recurrent ROS1 fusion in primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. CEP85L-ROS1 and GOPC-ROS1 are transforming oncogenes in cells of astrocytic lineage, and amenable to pharmacologic inhibition with several ROS1 inhibitors even when occurring concurrently with other cancer hotspot aberrations frequently associated with glioblastoma. Oral monotherapy with a brain-permeable ROS1 inhibitor, lorlatinib, significantly prolonged survival in an intracranially xenografted tumor model generated from a ROS1 fusion-positive glioblastoma cell line. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that CNS tumors should be specifically interrogated for these rare intrachromosomal 6q22 microdeletion events that generate actionable ROS1 fusions. ROS1 fusions in primary brain cancer may be amenable for clinical intervention with kinase inhibitors, and this holds the potential of novel treatment paradigms in these treatment-refractory cancer types, particularly in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Davare
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Jacob J Henderson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jacob P Wagner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sudarshan R Iyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nameeta Shah
- The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle Washington
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen W Gilheeney
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ana DeCarvalo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tom Mikkelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jun HJ, Appleman VA, Wu HJ, Rose CM, Pineda JJ, Yeo AT, Delcuze B, Lee C, Gyuris A, Zhu H, Woolfenden S, Bronisz A, Nakano I, Chiocca EA, Bronson RT, Ligon KL, Sarkaria JN, Gygi SP, Michor F, Mitchison TJ, Charest A. A PDGFRα-driven mouse model of glioblastoma reveals a stathmin1-mediated mechanism of sensitivity to vinblastine. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3116. [PMID: 30082792 PMCID: PMC6078993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain cancer that includes focal amplification of PDGFRα and for which there are no effective therapies. Herein, we report the development of a genetically engineered mouse model of GBM based on autocrine, chronic stimulation of overexpressed PDGFRα, and the analysis of GBM signaling pathways using proteomics. We discover the tubulin-binding protein Stathmin1 (STMN1) as a PDGFRα phospho-regulated target, and that this mis-regulation confers sensitivity to vinblastine (VB) cytotoxicity. Treatment of PDGFRα-positive mouse and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) GBMs with VB in mice prolongs survival and is dependent on STMN1. Our work reveals a previously unconsidered link between PDGFRα activity and STMN1, and highlight an STMN1-dependent cytotoxic effect of VB in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Jun
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vicky A Appleman
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Javier J Pineda
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alan T Yeo
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Bethany Delcuze
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aron Gyuris
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haihao Zhu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Steve Woolfenden
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35243, USA
| | - Ennio A Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Z, Shen L, Ding D, Huang J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lu S. Efficacy of Crizotinib among Different Types of ROS1 Fusion Partners in Patients with ROS1-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:987-995. [PMID: 29704675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ROS1 rearrangement-positive NSCLC can be treated effectively with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor inhibitor such as crizotinib; however, the rate of response remains variable. Although several ROS1 fusion partners have been identified, the efficacy of crizotinib in patients with different types of ROS1 fusion partners is poorly understood. METHODS We reviewed clinicopathological data of patients with ROS1 rearrangement who received crizotinib therapy at our institution between April 2014 and December 2016. ROS1 fusion partners were evaluated by using Sanger sequencing for available tumor tissue. RESULTS During the study, 49 patients were found to have ROS1 rearrangement and were subsequently treated with crizotinib. Tumor specimens were available for 36 patients, of whom 19 were found to have CD 74 molecule gene (CD74)-ROS1 fusion partners. Before therapy, those in the CD74-ROS1 group were found to have a higher rate of brain metastases (six versus 0 [p = 0.020]). The objective response rate for crizotinib was 83.3% in all patients, whereas it was 94.11% and 73.68% in the non-CD74-ROS1 and CD74-ROS1 groups, respectively. As compared with the CD74-ROS1 group, the non-CD74-ROS1 group had both a significantly longer progression-free survival (17.63 months versus 12.63 months [p = 0.048]) and a significantly longer overall survival (44.50 months versus 24.33 months [p = 0.036]). On multivariable analysis, the only factor associated with overall survival was presence of brain metastases before therapy (p = 0.010). There were no significant factors associated with progression-free survival in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggests that patients with CD74-ROS1 fusion partners are more likely to present with brain metastases. Although not independently significant, a trend toward improved survival was observed in patients in the non-CD74-ROS1 group when they were treated with crizotinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu YL, Yang JCH, Kim DW, Lu S, Zhou J, Seto T, Yang JJ, Yamamoto N, Ahn MJ, Takahashi T, Yamanaka T, Kemner A, Roychowdhury D, Paolini J, Usari T, Wilner KD, Goto K. Phase II Study of Crizotinib in East Asian Patients With ROS1-Positive Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:1405-1411. [PMID: 29596029 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.75.5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Approximately 1% to 2% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harbor a c-ros oncogene 1 ( ROS1) rearrangement. Crizotinib, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, and MET, has shown marked antitumor activity in a small expansion cohort of patients with ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC from an ongoing phase I study. We assessed the efficacy and safety of crizotinib in the largest cohort of patients with ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC. Patients and Methods This phase II, open-label, single-arm trial enrolled East Asian patients with ROS1-positive (assessed through validated AmoyDx assay [Amoy Diagnostics, Xiamen, China] at three regional laboratories) advanced NSCLC who had received three or fewer lines of prior systemic therapies. Patients were to receive oral crizotinib at a starting dose of 250 mg twice daily and continued treatment until Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1-defined progression (by independent radiology review [IRR]), unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) by IRR. Results In the efficacy and safety analyses, 127 patients were included, with 49.6% still receiving treatment at data cutoff. ORR by IRR was 71.7% (95% CI, 63.0% to 79.3%), with 17 complete responses and 74 partial responses. ORRs were similar irrespective of the number of prior lines of therapy, and responses were durable (median duration of response, 19.7 months; 95% CI, 14.1 months to not reached). Median progression-free survival by IRR was 15.9 months (95% CI, 12.9 to 24.0 months). No new safety signals associated with crizotinib were reported. Conclusion This study demonstrated clinically meaningful benefit and durable responses with crizotinib in East Asian patients with ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC. Crizotinib was generally well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with previous reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Wu
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shun Lu
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Takashi Seto
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Allison Kemner
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Debasish Roychowdhury
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jolanda Paolini
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tiziana Usari
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Keith D Wilner
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| | - Koichi Goto
- Yi-Long Wu and Jin-Ji Yang, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou; Shun Lu, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Jianying Zhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; James Chih-Hsin Yang, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Republic of China; Dong-Wan Kim, Seoul National University Hospital; Myung-Ju Ahn, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Takashi Seto, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka; Noboru Yamamoto, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo; Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka; Takeharu Yamanaka, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama; Koichi Goto, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Allison Kemner and Debasish Roychowdhury, OxOnc Development, Princeton, NJ; Nirvan Consultants, Lexington, MA; Jolanda Paolini and Tiziana Usari, Pfizer, Milan, Italy; and Keith D. Wilner, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Smith AJ, Ojha J, Francis SS, Sanders E, Endicott AA, Hansen HM, Smirnov I, Termuhlen AM, Walsh KM, Metayer C, Wiemels JL. Clonal and microclonal mutational heterogeneity in high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72733-72745. [PMID: 27683039 PMCID: PMC5341940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High hyperdiploidy (HD), the most common cytogenetic subtype of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), is largely curable but significant treatment-related morbidity warrants investigating the biology and identifying novel drug targets. Targeted deep-sequencing of 538 cancer-relevant genes was performed in 57 HD-ALL patients lacking overt KRAS and NRAS hotspot mutations and lacking common B-ALL deletions to enrich for discovery of novel driver genes. One-third of patients harbored damaging mutations in epigenetic regulatory genes, including the putative novel driver DOT1L (n=4). Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/MAPK signaling pathway mutations were found in two-thirds of patients, including novel mutations in ROS1, which mediates phosphorylation of the PTPN11-encoded protein SHP2. Mutations in FLT3 significantly co-occurred with DOT1L (p=0.04), suggesting functional cooperation in leukemogenesis. We detected an extraordinary level of tumor heterogeneity, with microclonal (mutant allele fraction <0.10) KRAS, NRAS, FLT3, and/or PTPN11 hotspot mutations evident in 31/57 (54.4%) patients. Multiple KRAS and NRAS codon 12 and 13 microclonal mutations significantly co-occurred within tumor samples (p=4.8x10-4), suggesting ongoing formation of and selection for Ras-activating mutations. Future work is required to investigate whether tumor microheterogeneity impacts clinical outcome and to elucidate the functional consequences of epigenetic dysregulation in HD-ALL, potentially leading to novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J de Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juhi Ojha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Sanders
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alyson A Endicott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda M Termuhlen
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.,Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin JJ, Shaw AT. Recent Advances in Targeting ROS1 in Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:1611-1625. [PMID: 28818606 PMCID: PMC5659942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ROS1 is a validated therapeutic target in NSCLC. In a phase I study, the multitargeted MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase/anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ROS1-rearranged NSCLCs and consequently gained approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration and by the European Medicines Agency in 2016. However, similar to other oncogene-driven lung cancers, ROS1-rearranged lung cancers treated with crizotinib eventually acquire resistance, leading to disease relapse. Novel ROS1 inhibitors and therapeutic strategies are therefore needed. Insights into the mechanisms of resistance to ROS1-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors are now beginning to emerge and are helping to guide the development of new ROS1 inhibitors. This review discusses the biology and diagnosis of ROS1-rearranged NSCLC, and current and emerging treatment options for this disease. Future challenges in the field are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has recently been shown to undergo gene rearrangements in~1%-2% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and in a variety of other tumours including cholangiocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and in spitzoid neoplasms, glioblastoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. The ROS1 gene fusion undergoes constitutive activation, regulates cellular proliferation and is implicated in carcinogenesis. ROS1 fusions can be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, real-time PCR, sequencing-based techniques and immunohistochemistry-based methods in clinical laboratories. The small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of ROS1 and has received Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of advanced NSCLC. The current review is an update on the clinical findings and detection methods of ROS1 in clinical laboratories in NSCLC and other tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prodipto Pal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network - University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zanobia Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network - Lakeridge Regional Health Center, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yeo AT, Charest A. Immune Checkpoint Blockade Biology in Mouse Models of Glioblastoma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2516-2527. [PMID: 28230277 PMCID: PMC5783695 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain cancer that is associated with abysmal prognosis. The median survival of GBM patients is ∼15 months and there have not been any significant advance in therapies in over a decade, leaving treatment options limited. There is clearly an unmet need for GBM treatment. Immunotherapies are treatments based on usurping the power of the host's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. They have recently proven to be a successful strategy for combating a variety of cancers. Of the various types of immunotherapies, checkpoint blockade approaches have thus far produced significant clinical responses in several cancers including melanoma, non small-cell lung cancer, renal cancer, and prostate cancer. This review focuses on the biological rationale for using checkpoint blockade immunotherapeutic approaches in primary brain cancer and an up-to-date summary of current and ongoing checkpoint inhibitors-based clinical trials for malignant glioma. In addition, we expand on new concepts for further improving checkpoint blockade treatments, with a particular focus on the advantages of using genetically engineered mouse models for studies of immunotherapies in GBM. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2516-2527, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Yeo
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave. Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave. Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave. Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
First macrocyclic 3 rd -generation ALK inhibitor for treatment of ALK/ROS1 cancer: Clinical and designing strategy update of lorlatinib. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:348-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Calvayrac O, Pradines A, Pons E, Mazières J, Guibert N. Molecular biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/4/1601734. [PMID: 28381431 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01734-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of oncogenic driver alterations that underlie sensitivity to small inhibitors has led to growing interest in identifying additional targetable oncogenes in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Although the therapeutic impact of the discovery of these alterations has now been widely demonstrated, the epidemiological data associated with each of these biomarkers remain insufficiently studied. In this review, we discuss the techniques used to discover each of these candidate oncogenes, their prevalence in nonsmall cell lung cancer, and briefly outline the epidemiological features of the major oncogenes and ways in which their identification can determine therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Calvayrac
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Pradines
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Toulouse, France
| | - Elvire Pons
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France.,Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Oncologique, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Mazières
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France .,Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Hôpital Larrey, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Guibert
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT UMR-1037, Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Hôpital Larrey, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hardin C, Wang F, Cheng H. Precision drug development in ROS1-positive lung cancer. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1322899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|