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Saini S, Rani L, Shukla N, Thakur RS, Patel DK, Ansari MS, Banerjee M, Gautam NK. Hsp27 over expression protect against cadmium induced nephrotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109716. [PMID: 37586579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure to the animals including humans is reported as nephrotoxic compounds i.e., disturbing redox status (increase oxidative stress), mitochondrial dysfunction, renal cell death and altered transporters in the renal system. Hsp27 (a small heat shock protein) has been shown as one of the modulators in the renal dysfunction and increased against the Cd induced toxicity. However, no studies are reported on the genetic modulation of stress protein against the Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. The current study aimed to examine the protective role of hsp27 overexpression against the Cd-induced nephrotoxicity using Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model. D. melanogaster renal system includes nephrocytes and Malpighian tubules (MTs) that show the functional similarity with mammalian kidney nephron. Overexpression of the hsp27 was found to reduce the Cd induced oxidative stress, rescue cell death in MTs of Cd exposed D. melanogaster larvae. The rescued GSH level, NADPH level and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity were also observed in the MTs of the Cd exposed organism. Function (efflux activity and fluid secretion rate) of the MTs was restored in Cd exposed hsp27 overexpressed larvae. Further, results were confirmed by restored brush border microvilli density and reduced uric acid level. Tissue specific knockdown of hsp27 developed Cd like phenotypes in MTs and the phenotypes enhanced in Cd exposed condition. The present study clearly shows the role of hsp27 overexpression in restoration of the MTs function and protection against the Cd induced renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Saini
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India; Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), C, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Lavi Rani
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India; Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), C, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Shukla
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India; Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), C, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M S Ansari
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Gautam
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Lv Z, Huang M, Yang J, Li P, Chang L, Tang Q, Chen X, Wang S, Yao C, Liu P, Yang D. A Smart DNA-Based Nanosystem Containing Ribosome-Regulating siRNA for Enhanced mRNA Transfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300823. [PMID: 37461803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfection is the prerequisite for the application of mRNA-based therapeutics. In hard-to-transfect cells, such as macrophages, the effective transfection of mRNA remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, a smart DNA-based nanosystem is reported containing ribosome biogenesis-promoting siRNA, realizing efficient mRNA transfection in macrophages. Four monomers are copolymerized to form a nanoframework (NF), including N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as the skeleton and acrydite-DNA as the initiator to trigger the cascade assembly of DNA hairpins (H1-polyT and H2-siRNA). By virtue of the phase transition characteristic of polymeric NIPAM, below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, ≈34 °C), the NF swells to expose polyT sequences to hybridize with the polyA tail of mRNA. Above the LCST, the NF deswells to encapsulate mRNA. The disulfide bond in the NF responds to glutathione, triggering the disassembly of the nanosystem; the siRNA and mRNA are released in response to triphosadenine and RNase H. The siRNA down-regulates the expression of heat shock protein 27, which up-regulates the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. The nanosystem shows satisfactory mRNA transfection and translation efficiency in a mouse model. It is envisioned that the DNA-based nanosystem will provide a promising carrier to deliver mRNA in hard-to-transfect cells and promote the development of mRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Lv
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Peiran Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lele Chang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qianyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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3
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Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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4
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Chitre S, Ray AM, Stevens M, Doud EH, Liechty H, Washburn A, Tepper K, Sivinski J, O'Hagan HM, Georgiadis MM, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Bis-aryl-α,β-unsaturated ketone (ABK) chaperonin inhibitors exhibit selective cytotoxicity to colorectal cancer cells that correlates with levels of aberrant HSP60 in the cytosol. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 75:117072. [PMID: 36356534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
While many studies have established the importance of protein homeostasis in tumor progression, little effort has been made to examine the therapeutic potential of targeting the HSP60 chaperonin system. In healthy cells, HSP60 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix; however, emerging evidence indicates HSP60 can be over-expressed and mis-localized to the cytosol of cancer cells, which is hypothesized to promote tumor cell survival and proliferation. This opens a potential avenue to selectively target the aberrant HSP60 in the cytosol as a chemotherapeutic strategy. In the present work, we examined a series of bis-aryl-α,β-unsaturated ketone (ABK) HSP60 inhibitors for their ability to selectively target cancerous vs non-cancerous colon and intestine cells. We found that lead analogs inhibited migration and clonogenicity of cancer cells, with cytotoxicity correlating with the level of aberrant HSP60 in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Emma H Doud
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Hope Liechty
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Katelyn Tepper
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Program and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 1001 East 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Millie M Georgiadis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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5
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Donahue K, Xie H, Li M, Gao A, Ma M, Wang Y, Tipton R, Semanik N, Primeau T, Li S, Li L, Tang W, Xu W. Diptoindonesin G is a middle domain HSP90 modulator for cancer treatment. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102700. [PMID: 36395883 PMCID: PMC9771721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 inhibitors can target many oncoproteins simultaneously, but none have made it through clinical trials due to dose-limiting toxicity and induction of heat shock response, leading to clinical resistance. We identified diptoindonesin G (dip G) as an HSP90 modulator that can promote degradation of HSP90 clients by binding to the middle domain of HSP90 (Kd = 0.13 ± 0.02 μM) without inducing heat shock response. This is likely because dip G does not interfere with the HSP90-HSF1 interaction like N-terminal inhibitors, maintaining HSF1 in a transcriptionally silent state. We found that binding of dip G to HSP90 promotes degradation of HSP90 client protein estrogen receptor α (ER), a major oncogenic driver protein in most breast cancers. Mutations in the ER ligand-binding domain (LBD) are an established mechanism of endocrine resistance and decrease the binding affinity of mainstay endocrine therapies targeting ER, reducing their ability to promote ER degradation or transcriptionally silence ER. Because dip G binds to HSP90 and does not bind to the LBD of ER, unlike endocrine therapies, it is insensitive to ER LBD mutations that drive endocrine resistance. Additionally, we determined that dip G promoted degradation of WT and mutant ER with similar efficacy, downregulated ER- and mutant ER-regulated gene expression, and inhibited WT and mutant cell proliferation. Our data suggest that dip G is not only a molecular probe to study HSP90 biology and the HSP90 conformation cycle, but also a new therapeutic avenue for various cancers, particularly endocrine-resistant breast cancer harboring ER LBD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Donahue
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Haibo Xie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ang Gao
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yidan Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rose Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole Semanik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tina Primeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,For correspondence: Wei Xu; Weiping Tang
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,For correspondence: Wei Xu; Weiping Tang
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6
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Ren X, Li T, Zhang W, Yang X. Targeting Heat-Shock Protein 90 in Cancer: An Update on Combination Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162556. [PMID: 36010632 PMCID: PMC9406578 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an important molecule chaperone associated with tumorigenesis and malignancy. HSP90 is involved in the folding and maturation of a wide range of oncogenic clients, including diverse kinases, transcription factors and oncogenic fusion proteins. Therefore, it could be argued that HSP90 facilitates the malignant behaviors of cancer cells, such as uncontrolled proliferation, chemo/radiotherapy resistance and immune evasion. The extensive associations between HSP90 and tumorigenesis indicate substantial therapeutic potential, and many HSP90 inhibitors have been developed. However, due to HSP90 inhibitor toxicity and limited efficiency, none have been approved for clinical use as single agents. Recent results suggest that combining HSP90 inhibitors with other anticancer therapies might be a more advisable strategy. This review illustrates the role of HSP90 in cancer biology and discusses the therapeutic value of Hsp90 inhibitors as complements to current anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiude Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsinghua University Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.Y.)
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7
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In Silico Discovery and Optimisation of a Novel Structural Class of Hsp90 C-Terminal Domain Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070884. [PMID: 35883440 PMCID: PMC9312846 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a promising target for the development of novel agents for cancer treatment. The N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors have several therapeutic limitations, the most important of which is the induction of heat shock response, which can be circumvented by targeting the allosteric binding site on the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Hsp90. In the absence of an Hsp90—CTD inhibitor co-crystal structure, the use of structure-based design approaches for the Hsp90 CTD is difficult and the structural diversity of Hsp90 CTD inhibitors is limited. In this study, we describe the discovery of a novel structural class of Hsp90 CTD inhibitors. A structure-based virtual screening was performed by docking a library of diverse compounds to the Hsp90β CTD binding site. Three selected virtual hits were tested in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, with compound TVS-23 showing antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 26.4 ± 1.1 µM. We report here the optimisation, synthesis and biological evaluation of TVS-23 analogues. Several analogues showed significantly enhanced antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 breast cancer and SK-N-MC Ewing sarcoma cell lines, with 7l being the most potent (IC50 = 1.4 ± 0.4 µM MCF-7; IC50 = 2.8 ± 0.4 µM SK-N-MC). The results of this study highlight the use of virtual screening to expand the structural diversity of Hsp90 CTD inhibitors and provide new starting points for further development.
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8
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Bhatia S, Spanier L, Bickel D, Dienstbier N, Woloschin V, Vogt M, Pols H, Lungerich B, Reiners J, Aghaallaei N, Diedrich D, Frieg B, Schliehe-Diecks J, Bopp B, Lang F, Gopalswamy M, Loschwitz J, Bajohgli B, Skokowa J, Borkhardt A, Hauer J, Hansen FK, Smits SHJ, Jose J, Gohlke H, Kurz T. Development of a First-in-Class Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the C-Terminal Hsp90 Dimerization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:636-655. [PMID: 35647282 PMCID: PMC9136973 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90) are promising therapeutic targets due to their involvement in stabilizing several aberrantly expressed oncoproteins. In cancerous cells, Hsp90 expression is elevated, thereby exerting antiapoptotic effects, which is essential for the malignant transformation and tumor progression. Most of the Hsp90 inhibitors (Hsp90i) under investigation target the ATP binding site in the N-terminal domain of Hsp90. However, adverse effects, including induction of the prosurvival resistance mechanism (heat shock response or HSR) and associated dose-limiting toxicity, have so far precluded their clinical approval. In contrast, modulators that interfere with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Hsp90 do not inflict HSR. Since the CTD dimerization of Hsp90 is essential for its chaperone activity, interfering with the dimerization process by small-molecule protein-protein interaction inhibitors is a promising strategy for anticancer drug research. We have developed a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor (5b) targeting the Hsp90 CTD dimerization interface, based on a tripyrimidonamide scaffold through structure-based molecular design, chemical synthesis, binding mode model prediction, assessment of the biochemical affinity, and efficacy against therapy-resistant leukemia cells. 5b reduces xenotransplantation of leukemia cells in zebrafish models and induces apoptosis in BCR-ABL1+ (T315I) tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant leukemia cells, without inducing HSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanil Bhatia
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Phone: (+49) 211 81 04896.
| | - Lukas Spanier
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - David Bickel
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Niklas Dienstbier
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Vitalij Woloschin
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Henrik Pols
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Beate Lungerich
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jens Reiners
- Center
for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Narges Aghaallaei
- Department
of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Daniela Diedrich
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Benedikt Frieg
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- John
von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing
Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7:
Structural Biochemistry) & Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4:
Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Bertan Bopp
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Franziska Lang
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mohanraj Gopalswamy
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loschwitz
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Baubak Bajohgli
- Department
of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department
of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department
of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical
Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department
of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Partner
Site Dresden, National Center for Tumor
Diseases (NCT), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Pharmaceutical
and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Institute University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Center
for Structural Studies, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- John
von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing
Centre (JSC), Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7:
Structural Biochemistry) & Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4:
Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
- Phone: (+49)
211 81 13662.
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Phone: (+49)
211 81 14984.
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9
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Larghi EL, Bruneau A, Sauvage F, Alami M, Vergnaud-Gauduchon J, Messaoudi S. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(Heteroaryl)quinolin-2(1 H)-ones Bis-Heterocycles as Potential Inhibitors of the Protein Folding Machinery Hsp90. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020412. [PMID: 35056725 PMCID: PMC8778022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of our SAR study concerning 6BrCaQ analogues as C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a novel series of 3-(heteroaryl)quinolin-2(1H), of types 3, 4, and 5, as a novel class of analogues. A Pd-catalyzed Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling was developed as a convenient approach for easy access to complex purine architectures. This series of analogues showed a promising biological effect against MDA-MB231 and PC-3 cancer cell lines. This study led to the identification of the best compounds, 3b (IC50 = 28 µM) and 4e, which induce a significant decrease of CDK-1 client protein and stabilize the levels of Hsp90 and Hsp70 without triggering the HSR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L. Larghi
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) CONICET/UNR, FBioyF, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina;
- Correspondence: (E.L.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Alexandre Bruneau
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) CONICET/UNR, FBioyF, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina;
| | - Félix Sauvage
- CNRS, Institut Galien-Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (F.S.); (J.V.-G.)
| | - Mouad Alami
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Juliette Vergnaud-Gauduchon
- CNRS, Institut Galien-Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (F.S.); (J.V.-G.)
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
- Correspondence: (E.L.L.); (S.M.)
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10
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Ray AM, Salim N, Stevens M, Chitre S, Abdeen S, Washburn A, Sivinski J, O'Hagan HM, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Exploiting the HSP60/10 chaperonin system as a chemotherapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116129. [PMID: 33971488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, an increasing variety of molecular chaperones have been investigated for their role in tumorigenesis and as potential chemotherapeutic targets; however, the 60 kDa Heat Shock Protein (HSP60), along with its HSP10 co-chaperone, have received little attention in this regard. In the present study, we investigated two series of our previously developed inhibitors of the bacterial homolog of HSP60/10, called GroEL/ES, for their selective cytotoxicity to cancerous over non-cancerous colorectal cells. We further developed a third "hybrid" series of analogs to identify new candidates with superior properties than the two parent scaffolds. Using a series of well-established HSP60/10 biochemical screens and cell-viability assays, we identified 24 inhibitors (14%) that exhibited > 3-fold selectivity for targeting colorectal cancer over non-cancerous cells. Notably, cell viability EC50 results correlated with the relative expression of HSP60 in the mitochondria, suggesting a potential for this HSP60-targeting chemotherapeutic strategy as emerging evidence indicates that HSP60 is up-regulated in colorectal cancer tumors. Further examination of five lead candidates indicated their ability to inhibit the clonogenicity and migration of colorectal cancer cells. These promising results are the most thorough analysis and first reported instance of HSP60/10 inhibitors being able to selectively target colorectal cancer cells and highlight the potential of the HSP60/10 chaperonin system as a viable chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Nilshad Salim
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Sanofar Abdeen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Program and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 1001 East 3rd St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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11
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Hypoxia-Induced Cancer Cell Responses Driving Radioresistance of Hypoxic Tumors: Approaches to Targeting and Radiosensitizing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051102. [PMID: 33806538 PMCID: PMC7961562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some regions of aggressive malignancies experience hypoxia due to inadequate blood supply. Cancer cells adapting to hypoxic conditions somehow become more resistant to radiation exposure and this decreases the efficacy of radiotherapy toward hypoxic tumors. The present review article helps clarify two intriguing points: why hypoxia-adapted cancer cells turn out radioresistant and how they can be rendered more radiosensitive. The critical molecular targets associated with intratumoral hypoxia and various approaches are here discussed which may be used for sensitizing hypoxic tumors to radiotherapy. Abstract Within aggressive malignancies, there usually are the “hypoxic zones”—poorly vascularized regions where tumor cells undergo oxygen deficiency through inadequate blood supply. Besides, hypoxia may arise in tumors as a result of antiangiogenic therapy or transarterial embolization. Adapting to hypoxia, tumor cells acquire a hypoxia-resistant phenotype with the characteristic alterations in signaling, gene expression and metabolism. Both the lack of oxygen by itself and the hypoxia-responsive phenotypic modulations render tumor cells more radioresistant, so that hypoxic tumors are a serious challenge for radiotherapy. An understanding of causes of the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors would help to develop novel ways for overcoming this challenge. Molecular targets for and various approaches to radiosensitizing hypoxic tumors are considered in the present review. It is here analyzed how the hypoxia-induced cellular responses involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1, heat shock transcription factor 1, heat shock proteins, glucose-regulated proteins, epigenetic regulators, autophagy, energy metabolism reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and exosome generation contribute to the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors or may be inhibited for attenuating this radioresistance. The pretreatments with a multitarget inhibition of the cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia seem to be a promising approach to sensitizing hypoxic carcinomas, gliomas, lymphomas, sarcomas to radiotherapy and, also, liver tumors to radioembolization.
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12
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Small Heat Shock Proteins in Cancers: Functions and Therapeutic Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186611. [PMID: 32927696 PMCID: PMC7555140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitous ATP-independent chaperones that play essential roles in response to cellular stresses and protein homeostasis. Investigations of sHSPs reveal that sHSPs are ubiquitously expressed in numerous types of tumors, and their expression is closely associated with cancer progression. sHSPs have been suggested to control a diverse range of cancer functions, including tumorigenesis, cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, as well as regulation of cancer stem cell properties. Recent advances in the field indicate that some sHSPs have been validated as a powerful target in cancer therapy. In this review, we present and highlight current understanding, recent progress, and future challenges of sHSPs in cancer development and therapy.
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13
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Transcriptomics-Based Screening Identifies Pharmacological Inhibition of Hsp90 as a Means to Defer Aging. Cell Rep 2020; 27:467-480.e6. [PMID: 30970250 PMCID: PMC6459000 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging strongly influences human morbidity and mortality. Thus, aging-preventive compounds could greatly improve our health and lifespan. Here we screened for such compounds, known as geroprotectors, employing the power of transcriptomics to predict biological age. Using age-stratified human tissue transcriptomes and machine learning, we generated age classifiers and applied these to transcriptomic changes induced by 1,309 different compounds in human cells, ranking these compounds by their ability to induce a “youthful” transcriptional state. Testing the top candidates in C. elegans, we identified two Hsp90 inhibitors, monorden and tanespimycin, which extended the animals’ lifespan and improved their health. Hsp90 inhibition induces expression of heat shock proteins known to improve protein homeostasis. Consistently, monorden treatment improved the survival of C. elegans under proteotoxic stress, and its benefits depended on the cytosolic unfolded protein response-inducing transcription factor HSF-1. Taken together, our method represents an innovative geroprotector screening approach and was able to identify a class that acts by improving protein homeostasis. Transcriptome-based age classifiers can distinguish young versus old tissues Application of age classifiers to drug-induced transcriptomes finds geroprotectors Validation of geroprotectors in C. elegans highlights Hsp90 inhibitors Hsp90 inhibitors act through HSF-1 to improve health and extend lifespan
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14
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De Leo SA, Zgajnar NR, Mazaira GI, Erlejman AG, Galigniana MD. Role of the Hsp90-Immunophilin Heterocomplex in Cancer Biology. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394715666190102120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification of new factors that may function as cancer markers and become eventual pharmacologic targets is a challenge that may influence the management of tumor development and management. Recent discoveries connecting Hsp90-binding immunophilins with the regulation of signalling events that can modulate cancer progression transform this family of proteins in potential unconventional factors that may impact on the screening and diagnosis of malignant diseases. Immunophilins are molecular chaperones that group a family of intracellular receptors for immunosuppressive compounds. A subfamily of the immunophilin family is characterized by showing structural tetratricopeptide repeats, protein domains that are able to interact with the C-terminal end of the molecular chaperone Hsp90, and via the proper Hsp90-immunophilin complex, the biological properties of a number of client-proteins involved in cancer biology are modulated. Recent discoveries have demonstrated that two of the most studied members of this Hsp90- binding subfamily of immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52, participate in several cellular processes such as apoptosis, carcinogenesis progression, and chemoresistance. While the expression levels of some members of the immunophilin family are affected in both cancer cell lines and human cancer tissues compared to normal samples, novel regulatory mechanisms have emerged during the last few years for several client-factors of immunophilins that are major players in cancer development and progression, among them steroid receptors, the transctiption factor NF-κB and the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT. In this review, recent findings related to the biological properties of both iconic Hsp90-binding immunophilins, FKBP51 and FKBP52, are reviewed within the context of their interactions with those chaperoned client-factors. The potential roles of both immunophilins as potential cancer biomarkers and non-conventional pharmacologic targets for cancer treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A. De Leo
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia R. Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela I. Mazaira
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G. Erlejman
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario D. Galigniana
- Departamento de Quimica Biologica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Milani A, Basirnejad M, Bolhassani A. Heat-shock proteins in diagnosis and treatment: an overview of different biochemical and immunological functions. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:215-239. [PMID: 30730280 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) have been involved in different functions including chaperone activity, protein folding, apoptosis, autophagy and immunity. The HSP families have powerful effects on the stimulation of innate immune responses through Toll-like receptors and scavenger receptors. Moreover, HSP-mediated phagocytosis directly enhances the processing and presentation of internalized antigens via the endocytic pathway in adaptive immune system. These properties of HSPs have been used for development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against infectious and noninfectious diseases. Several studies also demonstrated the relationship between HSPs and drug resistance as well as their use as a novel biomarker for detecting tumors in patients. The present review describes different roles of HSPs in biology and medicine especially biochemical and immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Slovin S, Hussain S, Saad F, Garcia J, Picus J, Ferraldeschi R, Crespo M, Flohr P, Riisnaes R, Lin C, Keer H, Oganesian A, Workman P, de Bono J. Pharmacodynamic and Clinical Results from a Phase I/II Study of the HSP90 Inhibitor Onalespib in Combination with Abiraterone Acetate in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4624-4633. [PMID: 31113841 PMCID: PMC9081826 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Onalespib is a potent, fragment-derived second-generation HSP90 inhibitor with preclinical activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CPRC) models. This phase I/II trial evaluated onalespib in combination with abiraterone acetate (AA) and either prednisone or prednisolone (P) in men with CRPC progressing on AA/P. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with progressing CRPC were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 regimens of onalespib combined with AA/P. Onalespib was administered as intravenous infusion starting at 220 mg/m2 once weekly for 3 of 4 weeks (regimen 1); or at 120 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 2 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks (regimen 2). Primary endpoints were response rate and safety. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of androgen receptor (AR) depletion in circulating tumor cells (CTC) and in fresh tumor tissue biopsies. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were treated with onalespib in combination with AA/P. The most common ≥grade 3 toxicities related to onalespib included diarrhea (21%) and fatigue (13%). Diarrhea was dose limiting at 260 and 160 mg/m2 for regimens 1 and 2, respectively. Transient decreases in CTC counts and AR expression in CTC were observed in both regimens. HSP72 was significantly upregulated following onalespib treatment, but only a modest decrease in AR and GR was shown in paired pre- and posttreatment tumor biopsy samples. No patients showed an objective or PSA response. CONCLUSIONS Onalespib in combination with AA/P showed mild evidence of some biological effect; however, this effect did not translate into clinical activity, hence further exploration of this combination was not justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Slovin
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Syed Hussain
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joel Picus
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mateus Crespo
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Flohr
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chihche Lin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | | | - Paul Workman
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Shokrollahi E, Nourazarian A, Rahbarghazi R, Salimi L, Karbasforush S, Khaksar M, Salarinasab S, Abhari A, Heidarzadeh M. Treatment of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with HSP27 siRNA tagged-exosomes decreased differentiation rate into mature neurons. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21005-21013. [PMID: 31012118 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in the regulation of different cell activities in response to stimuli. By applying different strategies, the modulation of heat shock proteins is at the center of attention. Conventional delivery approaches are not fully encouraged due to cytotoxicity and immunogenicity issues. Exosomes are touted as bio-shuttles for delivery of distinct biomolecules inside the cells. Here, we aimed to HSP27 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-tagged exosomes for the inhibition of Hsp27 in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and explored differentiation into neuron-like cells. Exosomes were isolated, characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and CD63 then enriched with siRNA against Hsp27. Neuroblastoma cells were incubated with exosomes carrying siRNA for 48 hr. Exosome uptake was monitored by immunofluorescence assay. The cell viability and proliferation were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and bromodeoxyuridine/5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays. The ability of cells to form colonies was evaluated by clonogenic assay. The cell potential to express NeuN, a mature neuron factor, was studied by flow cytometry analysis. SEM showed the nano-sized particles and a high level of CD63 after enrichment. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed an appropriate transfection rate in cell exposed to Hsp27 siRNA tagged exosomes. The cell viability and proliferation were reduced compared to cells received nude exosomes ( p < 0.05). Clonogenic activity of cells was diminished by the inhibition of Hsp27. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the inhibition of Hsp27 prohibited NeuN content, showing the maturation of SH-SY5Y cells to mature cells compared to control. These data confirmed that exosomes could be used as appropriate bio-shuttles for the inhibition of Hsp27-aborted cell differentiation toward mature neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhameh Shokrollahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeede Karbasforush
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Khaksar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Salarinasab
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Heidarzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Zhou X, Wen Y, Tian Y, He M, Ke X, Huang Z, He Y, Liu L, Scharf A, Lu M, Zhang G, Deng Y, Yan Y, Mayer MP, Chen X, Zou F. Heat Shock Protein 90α-Dependent B-Cell-2-Associated Transcription Factor 1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation by Regulating MYC Proto-Oncogene c-MYC mRNA Stability. Hepatology 2019; 69:1564-1581. [PMID: 30015413 PMCID: PMC6586158 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated transcription factor 1 (Bclaf1) is known to be involved in diverse biological processes, but, to date, there has been no evidence for any functional role of Bclaf1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Here, we demonstrate that Bclaf1 is frequently up-regulated in HCC and that Bclaf1 up-regulation is associated with Edmondson grade, lower overall survival rates, and poor prognosis. Overexpression of Bclaf1 in HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 promoted proliferation considerably, whereas Bclaf1 knockdown had the opposite effect. Xenograft tumors grown from Bclaf1 knockdown Huh7 cells had smaller tumor volumes than tumors grown from control cells. Furthermore, our study describes MYC proto-oncogene (c-Myc) as a downstream target of Bclaf1, given that Bclaf1 regulates c-MYC expression posttranscriptionally by its RS domain. To exert this function, Bclaf1 must interact with the molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 alpha (Hsp90α). In HCC tissue samples, Hsp90α levels were also increased significantly and Hsp90α-Bclaf1 interaction was enhanced. Bclaf1 interacts with the C-terminal domain of Hsp90α, and this interaction is disrupted by the C-terminal domain inhibitor, novobiocin (NB), resulting in proteasome-dependent degradation of Bclaf1. Moreover, NB-induced disruption of Hsp90α-Bclaf1 interaction dampened the production of mature c-MYC mRNA and attenuated tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Bclaf1 affects HCC progression by manipulating c-MYC mRNA stability and that the Hsp90α/Bclaf1/c-Myc axis might be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meiling He
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangyu Ke
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhizhou Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yangfan He
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Annette Scharf
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH‐AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Meiting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaotang Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuxia Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Matthias P. Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH‐AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH)DKFZ‐ZMBH‐AllianceHeidelbergGermany
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease ResearchSchool of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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19
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Centenera MM, Selth LA, Ebrahimie E, Butler LM, Tilley WD. New Opportunities for Targeting the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:a030478. [PMID: 29530945 PMCID: PMC6280715 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomic analyses of metastatic prostate cancer have provided important insight into adaptive changes in androgen receptor (AR) signaling that underpin resistance to androgen deprivation therapies. Novel strategies are required to circumvent these AR-mediated resistance mechanisms and thereby improve prostate cancer survival. In this review, we present a summary of AR structure and function and discuss mechanisms of AR-mediated therapy resistance that represent important areas of focus for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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20
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Cui Q, Wang JQ, Assaraf YG, Ren L, Gupta P, Wei L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Modulating ROS to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 41:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Sannino S, Guerriero CJ, Sabnis AJ, Stolz DB, Wallace CT, Wipf P, Watkins SC, Bivona TG, Brodsky JL. Compensatory increases of select proteostasis networks after Hsp70 inhibition in cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217760. [PMID: 30131440 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells thrive when challenged with proteotoxic stress by inducing components of the protein folding, proteasome, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Consequently, specific molecular chaperones have been validated as targets for anti-cancer therapies. For example, inhibition of Hsp70 family proteins (hereafter Hsp70) in rhabdomyosarcoma triggers UPR induction and apoptosis. To define how these cancer cells respond to compromised proteostasis, we compared rhabdomyosarcoma cells that were sensitive (RMS13) or resistant (RMS13-R) to the Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101. We discovered that endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy were activated in RMS13-R cells, suggesting that resistant cells overcome Hsp70 ablation by increasing misfolded protein degradation. Indeed, RMS13-R cells degraded ERAD substrates more rapidly than RMS cells and induced the autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, inhibition of the proteasome or ERAD had no effect on RMS13-R cell survival, but silencing of select autophagy components or treatment with autophagy inhibitors restored MAL3-101 sensitivity and led to apoptosis. These data indicate a route through which cancer cells overcome a chaperone-based therapy, define how cells can adapt to Hsp70 inhibition, and demonstrate the value of combined chaperone and autophagy-based therapies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | - Amit J Sabnis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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22
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Bhatia S, Diedrich D, Frieg B, Ahlert H, Stein S, Bopp B, Lang F, Zang T, Kröger T, Ernst T, Kögler G, Krieg A, Lüdeke S, Kunkel H, Rodrigues Moita AJ, Kassack MU, Marquardt V, Opitz FV, Oldenburg M, Remke M, Babor F, Grez M, Hochhaus A, Borkhardt A, Groth G, Nagel-Steger L, Jose J, Kurz T, Gohlke H, Hansen FK, Hauer J. Targeting HSP90 dimerization via the C terminus is effective in imatinib-resistant CML and lacks the heat shock response. Blood 2018; 132:307-320. [PMID: 29724897 PMCID: PMC6225350 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-810986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizes many client proteins, including the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein. BCR-ABL1 is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in which treatment-free remission (TFR) is limited, with clinical and economic consequences. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics that synergize with current treatment approaches. Several inhibitors targeting the N-terminal domain of HSP90 are under investigation, but side effects such as induction of the heat shock response (HSR) and toxicity have so far precluded their US Food and Drug Administration approval. We have developed a novel inhibitor (aminoxyrone [AX]) of HSP90 function by targeting HSP90 dimerization via the C-terminal domain. This was achieved by structure-based molecular design, chemical synthesis, and functional preclinical in vitro and in vivo validation using CML cell lines and patient-derived CML cells. AX is a promising potential candidate that induces apoptosis in the leukemic stem cell fraction (CD34+CD38-) as well as the leukemic bulk (CD34+CD38+) of primary CML and in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant cells. Furthermore, BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein and related pro-oncogenic cellular responses are downregulated, and targeting the HSP90 C terminus by AX does not induce the HSR in vitro and in vivo. We also probed the potential of AX in other therapy-refractory leukemias. Therefore, AX is the first peptidomimetic C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor with the potential to increase TFR in TKI-sensitive and refractory CML patients and also offers a novel therapeutic option for patients with other types of therapy-refractory leukemia because of its low toxicity profile and lack of HSR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Heat-Shock Response/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/chemistry
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Multimerization/drug effects
- Spectrum Analysis
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Daniela Diedrich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benedikt Frieg
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Complex Systems-Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Heinz Ahlert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Stefan Stein
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bertan Bopp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Lang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Tao Zang
- Institute for Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kröger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Hematology/Oncology, Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gesine Kögler
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics and
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Lüdeke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hana Kunkel
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ana J Rodrigues Moita
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias U Kassack
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viktoria Marquardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Consortium, partner site University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike V Opitz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Marina Oldenburg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Consortium, partner site University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Babor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Manuel Grez
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Hematology/Oncology, Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
| | - Georg Groth
- Institute for Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- Institute for Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Complex Systems-Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
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23
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Neckers L, Blagg B, Haystead T, Trepel JB, Whitesell L, Picard D. Methods to validate Hsp90 inhibitor specificity, to identify off-target effects, and to rethink approaches for further clinical development. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:467-482. [PMID: 29392504 PMCID: PMC6045531 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is one component of a highly complex and interactive cellular proteostasis network (PN) that participates in protein folding, directs misfolded and damaged proteins for destruction, and participates in regulating cellular transcriptional responses to environmental stress, thus promoting cell and organismal survival. Over the last 20 years, it has become clear that various disease states, including cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and infection by diverse microbes, impact the PN. Among PN components, Hsp90 was among the first to be pharmacologically targeted with small molecules. While the number of Hsp90 inhibitors described in the literature has dramatically increased since the first such small molecule was described in 1994, it has become increasingly apparent that not all of these agents have been sufficiently validated for specificity, mechanism of action, and lack of off-target effects. Given the less than expected activity of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer-related human clinical trials, a re-evaluation of potentially confounding off-target effects, as well as confidence in target specificity and mechanism of action, is warranted. In this commentary, we provide feasible approaches to achieve these goals and we discuss additional considerations to improve the clinical efficacy of Hsp90 inhibitors in treating cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Brian Blagg
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Timothy Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luke Whitesell
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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24
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Zhao Z, Zhu J, Quan H, Wang G, Li B, Zhu W, Xie C, Lou L. X66, a novel N-terminal heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, exerts antitumor effects without induction of heat shock response. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29648-63. [PMID: 27105490 PMCID: PMC5045423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is essential for cancer cells to assist the function of various oncoproteins, and it has been recognized as a promising target in cancer therapy. Although the HSP90 inhibitors in clinical trials have shown encouraging clinical efficacy, these agents induce heat shock response (HSR), which undermines their therapeutic effects. In this report, we detailed the pharmacologic properties of 4-(2-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl)-N-(4-bromophenyl)-6-(3,5- dimethyl-1H -pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (X66), a novel and potent HSP90 inhibitor. X66 binds to the N-terminal domain in a different manner from the classic HSP90 inhibitors. Cellular study showed that X66 depleted HSP90 client proteins, resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibition of proliferation in cancer cell lines. X66 did not activate heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) or stimulate transcription of HSPs. Moreover, the combination of X66 with HSP90 and proteasome inhibitors yielded synergistic cytotoxicity which was involved in X66-mediated abrogation of HSR through inhibition of HSF-1 activity. The intraperitoneal administration of X66 alone depleted client protein and inhibited tumor growth, and led to enhanced activity when combined with celastrol as compared to either agent alone in BT-474 xenograft model. Collectively, the HSP90 inhibitory action and the potent antitumor activity, with the anti-HSR action, promise X66 a novel HSP90-targeted agent, which merits further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianming Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haitian Quan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liguang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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25
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Abstract
The efficient production, folding, and secretion of proteins is critical for cancer cell survival. However, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so many cancer cells overexpress molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding and target misfolded proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathway. Stress response pathway induction is also important for cancer cell survival. Indeed, validated targets for anti-cancer treatments include molecular chaperones, components of the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. We will focus on links between breast cancer and these processes, as well as the development of drug resistance, relapse, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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26
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Roy A, Ye J, Deng F, Wang QJ. Protein kinase D signaling in cancer: A friend or foe? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:283-294. [PMID: 28577984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D is a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases that belongs to the Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent kinase superfamily. Signal transduction pathways mediated by PKD can be triggered by a variety of stimuli including G protein-coupled receptor agonists, growth factors, hormones, and cellular stresses. The regulatory mechanisms and physiological roles of PKD have been well documented including cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, regulation of gene expression, and protein/membrane trafficking. However, its precise roles in disease progression, especially in cancer, remain elusive. A plethora of studies documented the cell- and tissue-specific expressions and functions of PKD in various cancer-associated biological processes, while the causes of the differential effects of PKD have not been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we have discussed the structural-functional properties, activation mechanisms, signaling pathways and physiological functions of PKD in the context of human cancer. Additionally, we have provided a comprehensive review of the reported tumor promoting or tumor suppressive functions of PKD in several major cancer types and discussed the discrepancies that have been raised on PKD as a major regulator of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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27
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Goode KM, Petrov DP, Vickman RE, Crist SA, Pascuzzi PE, Ratliff TL, Davisson VJ, Hazbun TR. Targeting the Hsp90 C-terminal domain to induce allosteric inhibition and selective client downregulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1992-2006. [PMID: 28495207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of Hsp90 is desirable due to potential downregulation of oncogenic clients. Early generation inhibitors bind to the N-terminal domain (NTD) but C-terminal domain (CTD) inhibitors are a promising class because they do not induce a heat shock response. Here we present a new structural class of CTD binding molecules with a unique allosteric inhibition mechanism. METHODS A hit molecule, NSC145366, and structurally similar probes were assessed for inhibition of Hsp90 activities. A ligand-binding model was proposed indicating a novel Hsp90 CTD binding site. Client protein downregulation was also determined. RESULTS NSC145366 interacts with the Hsp90 CTD and has anti-proliferative activity in tumor cell lines (GI50=0.2-1.9μM). NSC145366 increases Hsp90 oligomerization resulting in allosteric inhibition of NTD ATPase activity (IC50=119μM) but does not compete with NTD or CTD-ATP binding. Treatment of LNCaP prostate tumor cells resulted in selective client protein downregulation including AR and BRCA1 but without a heat shock response. Analogs had similar potencies in ATPase and chaperone activity assays and variable effects on oligomerization. In silico modeling predicted a binding site at the CTD dimer interface distinct from the nucleotide-binding site. CONCLUSIONS A set of symmetrical scaffold molecules with bisphenol A cores induced allosteric inhibition of Hsp90. Experimental evidence and molecular modeling suggest that the binding site is independent of the CTD-ATP site and consistent with unique induction of allosteric effects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Allosteric inhibition of Hsp90 via a mechanism used by the NSC145366-based probes is a promising avenue for selective oncogenic client downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney M Goode
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dino P Petrov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Renee E Vickman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Scott A Crist
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Pete E Pascuzzi
- Purdue University Libraries Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tim L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - V Jo Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tony R Hazbun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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28
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Chai RC, Vieusseux JL, Lang BJ, Nguyen CH, Kouspou MM, Britt KL, Price JT. Histone deacetylase activity mediates acquired resistance towards structurally diverse HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:567-583. [PMID: 28306192 PMCID: PMC5527463 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) regulates multiple signalling pathways critical for tumour growth. As such, HSP90 inhibitors have been shown to act as effective anticancer agents in preclinical studies but, for a number of reasons, the same effect has not been observed in the clinical trials to date. One potential reason for this may be the presence of de novo or acquired resistance within the tumours. To investigate mechanisms of resistance, we generated resistant cell lines through gradual dose escalation of the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG). The resultant resistant cell lines maintained their respective levels of resistance (7–240×) in the absence of 17‐AAG and were also cross‐resistant with other benzoquinone ansamycin HSP90 inhibitors. Expression of members of the histone deacetylase family (HDAC 1, 5, 6) was altered in the resistant cells. To determine whether HDAC activity contributed to resistance, pan‐HDAC inhibitors (TSA and LBH589) and the class II HDAC‐specific inhibitor SNDX275 were found to resensitize resistant cells towards 17‐AAG and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin. Most significantly, resistant cells were also identified as cross‐resistant towards structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors such as radicicol and the second‐generation HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159, VER50589 and AUY922. HDAC inhibition also resensitized resistant cells towards these classes of HSP90 inhibitors. In conclusion, we report that prolonged 17‐AAG treatment results in acquired resistance of cancer cells towards not just 17‐AAG but also to a spectrum of structurally distinct HSP90 inhibitors. This acquired resistance can be inhibited using clinically relevant HDAC inhibitors. This work supports the potential benefit of using HSP90 and HDAC inhibitors in combination within the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Chai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Bone Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica L Vieusseux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre for Life Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chau H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Michelle M Kouspou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kara L Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - John T Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University and University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School-Western Precinct, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Vic., Australia
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29
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Woo JK, Jang JE, Kang JH, Seong JK, Yoon YS, Kim HC, Lee SJ, Oh SH. Lectin, Galactoside-Binding Soluble 3 Binding Protein Promotes 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin Resistance through PI3K/Akt Pathway in Lung Cancer Cell Line. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1355-1365. [PMID: 28336809 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizing oncoproteins has been an attractive target in cancer therapy. 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an HSP90 inhibitor, was tested in phase II/III clinical trials, but due to lack of efficacy, clinical evaluation of 17-AAG has achieved limited success, which led to resistance to 17-AAG. However, the mechanism of 17-AAG resistance has not clearly been identified. Here, we identified LGALS3BP (Lectin, galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein), a secretory glycoprotein, as a 17-AAG resistance factor. In the clinical reports, it was suggested that LGALS3BP was associated with low survival rate, development of cancer progression, and enhancement of metastasis in human cancers. As we confirmed that the LGALS3BP level was increased in 17-AAG-resistant cells (H1299_17R) compared with that of the parental cell line (H1299_17P), knockdown of LGALS3BP expression increased sensitivity to 17-AAG in H1299_17R cells. Overexpression of LGALS3BP also augmented PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we determined that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in LGALS3BP-mediated 17-AAG resistance in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that LGALS3BP mediates the resistance against 17-AAG through PI3K/Akt activation rather than ERK activation. These findings suggest that LGALS3BP would be a target to overcome resistance to 17-AAG in lung cancer. For example, the combination of 17-AAG and PI3K/Akt inhibitor would effectively suppress acquired resistance to 17-AAG. In conclusion, targeting of LGALS3BP-mediated-specific survival signaling pathway in resistant cells may provide a novel therapeutic model for the cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1355-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Woo
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Sumalatha K, Gowda M, Meenakshisundaram S. ROS-mediated induction of apoptosis by benzoquinone embelin in human colon adenocarcinoma cells HT-29. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2016-0131/jcim-2016-0131.xml. [PMID: 28306533 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Embelin is a benzoquinone reported to possess anticancer activity in several in vivo and in vitro models of carcinogenesis, especially hematopoietic and prostate malignancy. A detailed investigation on the influence of embelin on epithelial malignancy model system, especially colon adenocarcinoma, is lacking. The objective of the current study is to investigate the antiproliferative, antiinvasive and proapoptotic potential of embelin on colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. Methods The effect of embelin (35 µg/mL for 24 h) on cell proliferation was assessed by Sulforhodamine B assay and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation test, antiinvasive effect by Boyden chamber assay and scratch assay. Proapoptotic effects of embelin were determined by studies on DNA fragmentation, annexin V-FITC labeling, TUNEL assay, COMET assay and assay of caspase-3 activity. Influence of embelin on the expression of genes regulating apoptosis (caspase 3 and 9, Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome C and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and migration/invasion (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2 and MMP-9) was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Further, the effect of embelin on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides, nitric oxide, mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant status (total reduced glutathione [GSH] and GSH-S-transferase) was evaluated. Results Results implicated that embelin treatment inhibited proliferation (IC50 35 µg/mL), induced DNA fragmentation, phosphatidyl serine externalization, increased caspase expression, decreased cell migration and expression of MMPs in HT-29 cells. Interestingly, embelin exhibited prooxidant effect on HT-29 cells and induced excessive ROS generation resulting in apoptotic cell death. Conclusions To conclude, embelin treatment could be a promising strategy for the chemotherapy of colon cancer.
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Armstrong HK, Koay YC, Irani S, Das R, Nassar ZD, Selth LA, Centenera MM, McAlpine SR, Butler LM. A Novel Class of Hsp90 C-Terminal Modulators Have Pre-Clinical Efficacy in Prostate Tumor Cells Without Induction of a Heat Shock Response. Prostate 2016; 76:1546-1559. [PMID: 27526951 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is compelling rationale to use heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors for treatment of advanced prostate cancer, agents that target the N-terminal ATP-binding site of Hsp90 have shown little clinical benefit. These N-terminal binding agents induce a heat shock response that activates compensatory heat shock proteins, which is believed to contribute in part to the agents' lack of efficacy. Here, we describe the functional characterization of two novel agents, SM253 and SM258, that bind the N-middle linker region of Hsp90, resulting in reduced client protein activation and preventing C-terminal co-chaperones and client proteins from binding to Hsp90. METHODS Inhibition of Hsp90 activity in prostate cancer cells by SM253 and SM 258 was assessed by pull-down assays. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assayed in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC-3) cultured with N-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors (AUY922, 17-AAG), SM253 or SM258. Expression of HSR heat shock proteins, Hsp90 client proteins and co-chaperones was assessed by immunoblotting. Efficacy of the SM compounds was evaluated in human primary prostate tumors cultured ex vivo by immunohistochemical detection of Hsp70 and Ki67. RESULTS SM253 and SM258 exhibit antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in multiple prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC-3) at low micromolar concentrations. Unlike the N-terminal inhibitors AUY922 and 17-AAG, these SM agents do not induce expression of Hsp27, Hsp40, or Hsp70, proteins that are characteristic of the heat shock response, in any of the prostate cell lines analyzed. Notably, SM258 significantly reduced proliferation within 2 days in human primary prostate tumors cultured ex vivo, without the significant induction of Hsp70 that was caused by AUY922 in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first evidence of efficacy of this class of C-terminal modulators of Hsp90 in human prostate tumors, and indicate that further evaluation of these promising new agents is warranted. Prostate 76:1546-1559, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Armstrong
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajdeep Das
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Lisa M Butler
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Kim HB, Lee SH, Um JH, Oh WK, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. Sensitization of multidrug-resistant human cancer cells to Hsp90 inhibitors by down-regulation of SIRT1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36202-18. [PMID: 26416354 PMCID: PMC4742171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents was limited in multidrug-resistant (MDR) human cancer cells due to induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) such as Hsp70/Hsp27 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux. In the present study, we showed that resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors of MDR human cancer cells could be overcome with SIRT1 inhibition. SIRT1 knock-down or SIRT1 inhibitors (amurensin G and EX527) effectively suppressed the resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors (17-AAG and AUY922) in several MDR variants of human lymphoblastic leukemia and human breast cancer cell lines. SIRT1 inhibition down-regulated the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and subsequently Hsps and facilitated Hsp90 multichaperone complex disruption via hyperacetylation of Hsp90/Hsp70. These findings were followed by acceleration of ubiquitin ligase CHIP-mediated mutant p53 (mut p53) degradation and subsequent down-regulation of P-gp in 17-AAG-treated MDR cancer cells expressing P-gp and mut p53 after inhibition of SIRT1. Therefore, combined treatment with Hsp90 inhibitor and SIRT1 inhibitor could be a more effective therapeutic approach for Hsp90 inhibitor-resistant MDR cells via down-regulation of HSF1/Hsps, mut p53 and P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Bong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Su-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-818, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chang Won National University, Chang Won 641-773, Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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Verma S, Goyal S, Jamal S, Singh A, Grover A. Hsp90: Friends, clients and natural foes. Biochimie 2016; 127:227-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Oxidative stress, polarization of macrophages and tumour angiogenesis: Efficacy of caffeic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:111-24. [PMID: 27378625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a process when macrophage expresses different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals and two extreme forms exist; M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages are highly microbicidal and anticancer with enhanced ability to kill and phagocytose pathogens, upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive molecular species, and present antigens; M2 macrophages and the related tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate tissue remodelling and promote tissue repair and angiogenesis and can amplification of metabolic pathways that can suppress adaptive immune responses. It is demonstrated that ROS production, critical for the activation and functions of M1 macrophages, is necessary for the differentiation of M2 macrophages and TAMs, and that antioxidant therapy blocks TAMs differentiation and tumorigenesis in mouse models of cancer. In order to study how caffeic acid (CA), a natural antioxidant, affects macrophage function, polarization, angiogenesis and tumour growth we injected mice with Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells and treated them for 10 days with CA in a dose of 40 and/or 80 mg kg(-1.) Macrophage polarization was further characterized by quantifying secreted pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide and arginase 1 activity. CA may increase the cytotoxic actions of M1 macrophages and inhibit tumour growth; inhibitory activity on TAMs may be mediated through its antioxidative activity. Taken together, we conclude that the antitumour activity of CA was the result of the synergistic activities of different mechanisms by which CA acts on proliferation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation and survival. The continuous administration of CA efficiently blocked the occurrence of TAMs and markedly suppressed tumorigenesis in mouse cancer models. Targeting TAMs by antioxidants can be a potentially effective method for cancer treatment.
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35
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Bayliss R, Choi J, Fennell DA, Fry AM, Richards MW. Molecular mechanisms that underpin EML4-ALK driven cancers and their response to targeted drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1209-24. [PMID: 26755435 PMCID: PMC4761370 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A fusion between the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like) and ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) genes was identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007 and there has been rapid progress in applying this knowledge to the benefit of patients. However, we have a poor understanding of EML4 and ALK biology and there are many challenges to devising the optimal strategy for treating EML4-ALK NSCLC patients. In this review, we describe the biology of EML4 and ALK, explain the main features of EML4-ALK fusion proteins and outline the therapies that target EML4-ALK. In particular, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the structures of EML proteins, describe the molecular mechanisms of resistance to ALK inhibitors and assess current thinking about combinations of ALK drugs with inhibitors that target other kinases or Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bayliss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE2 9HN, UK.
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43 gil, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dean A Fennell
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE3 9SQ, UK
| | - Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE2 9HN, UK
| | - Mark W Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE2 9HN, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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36
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Terracciano S, Foglia A, Chini MG, Vaccaro MC, Russo A, Piaz FD, Saturnino C, Riccio R, Bifulco G, Bruno I. New dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one based Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the C-terminal domain of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is emerging as a novel strategy for cancer therapy, therefore the identification of a new class of C-terminal inhibitors is strongly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - A. Foglia
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - M. G. Chini
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - M. C. Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - A. Russo
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - F. Dal Piaz
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Salerno
| | - C. Saturnino
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - R. Riccio
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - G. Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
| | - I. Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano
- Italy
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37
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Wendel T, Zhen Y, Suo Z, Bruheim S, Wiedlocha A. The novel HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 shows synergistic anti-leukemic activity with cytarabine in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:220-6. [PMID: 26748184 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HSP90 is a molecular chaperone essential for stability, activity and intracellular sorting of many proteins, including oncoproteins, such as tyrosine kinases, transcription factors and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Therefore, inhibitors of HSP90 are being investigated for their potential as anti-cancer drugs. Here we show that the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 induced degradation of the fusion oncoprotein FOP2-FGFR1 in a human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, KG-1a. Concordantly, downstream signaling cascades, such as STAT1, STAT3 and PLCγ were abrogated. At concentrations that caused FOP2-FGFR1 degradation and signaling abrogation, NVP-AUY922 treatment caused significant cell death and inhibition of proliferation of KG-1a cells in vitro. In an animal model for AML, NVP-AUY922 administrated alone showed no anti-leukemic activity. However, when NVP-AUY922 was administered in combination with cytarabine, the two compounds showed significant synergistic anti-leukemic activity in vivo. Thus NVP-AUY922 and cytarabine combination therapy might be a prospective strategy for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Wendel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yan Zhen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Zenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Skjalg Bruheim
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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17-DMAG induces heat shock protein 90 functional impairment in human bladder cancer cells: knocking down the hallmark traits of malignancy. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6861-73. [PMID: 26662567 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that maintains the structural and functional integrity of various protein clients involved in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Hsp90 holds a prominent role in tumorigenesis, as numerous members of its broad clientele are involved in the generation of the hallmark traits of cancer. 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG) specifically targets Hsp90 and interferes with its function as a molecular chaperone, impairing its intrinsic ATPase activity and undermining proper folding of multiple protein clients. In this study, we have examined the effects of 17-DMAG on the regulation of Hsp90-dependent tumorigenic signaling pathways directly implicated in cell cycle progression, survival, and motility of human urinary bladder cancer cell lines. We have used MTT-based assays, FACS analysis, Western blotting, semiquantitative PCR (sqPCR), immunofluorescence, and scratch-wound assays in RT4 (p53(wt)), RT112 (p53(wt)), T24 (p53(mt)), and TCCSUP (p53(mt)) human urinary bladder cancer cell lines. We have demonstrated that, upon exposure to 17-DMAG, bladder cancer cells display prominent cell cycle arrest and commitment to apoptotic and autophagic cell death, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 17-DMAG administration induced pronounced downregulation of multiple Hsp90 protein clients and other downstream oncogenic effectors, therefore causing inhibition of cell proliferation and decline of cell motility due to the molecular "freezing" of critical cytoskeletal components. In toto, we have clearly demonstrated the dose-dependent and cell type-specific effects of 17-DMAG on the hallmark traits of cancer, appointing Hsp90 as a key molecular component in bladder cancer targeted therapy.
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Lee SC, Min HY, Choi H, Bae SY, Park KH, Hyun SY, Lee HJ, Moon J, Park SH, Kim JY, An H, Park SJ, Seo JH, Lee S, Kim YM, Park HJ, Lee SK, Lee J, Lee J, Kim KW, Suh YG, Lee HY. Deguelin Analogue SH-1242 Inhibits Hsp90 Activity and Exerts Potent Anticancer Efficacy with Limited Neurotoxicity. Cancer Res 2015; 76:686-99. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Butler LM, Ferraldeschi R, Armstrong HK, Centenera MM, Workman P. Maximizing the Therapeutic Potential of HSP90 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1445-51. [PMID: 26219697 PMCID: PMC4645455 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
HSP90 is required for maintaining the stability and activity of a diverse group of client proteins, including protein kinases, transcription factors, and steroid hormone receptors involved in cell signaling, proliferation, survival, oncogenesis, and cancer progression. Inhibition of HSP90 alters the HSP90-client protein complex, leading to reduced activity, misfolding, ubiquitination, and, ultimately, proteasomal degradation of client proteins. HSP90 inhibitors have demonstrated significant antitumor activity in a wide variety of preclinical models, with evidence of selectivity for cancer versus normal cells. In the clinic, however, the efficacy of this class of therapeutic agents has been relatively limited to date, with promising responses mainly observed in breast and lung cancer, but no major activity seen in other tumor types. In addition, adverse events and some significant toxicities have been documented. Key to improving these clinical outcomes is a better understanding of the cellular consequences of inhibiting HSP90 that may underlie treatment response or resistance. This review considers the recent progress that has been made in the study of HSP90 and its inhibitors and highlights new opportunities to maximize their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Roberta Ferraldeschi
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather K Armstrong
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- School of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Workman
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang Z, Keramisanou D, Dudhat A, Paré M, Gelis I. The C-terminal domain of human Cdc37 studied by solution NMR. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2015; 63:315-321. [PMID: 26400850 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-9988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Dimitra Keramisanou
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Amit Dudhat
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Michael Paré
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Ioannis Gelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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42
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Do K, Speranza G, Chang LC, Polley EC, Bishop R, Zhu W, Trepel JB, Lee S, Lee MJ, Kinders RJ, Phillips L, Collins J, Lyons J, Jeong W, Antony R, Chen AP, Neckers L, Doroshow JH, Kummar S. Phase I study of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor onalespib (AT13387) administered on a daily for 2 consecutive days per week dosing schedule in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:921-30. [PMID: 26082332 PMCID: PMC7709710 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of heat shock 90 (Hsp90) molecular chaperones allows targeting of multiple proteins involved in tumorigenesis. We investigated the safety, recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of onalespib (AT13387), a potent synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, administered on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of 28 day cycles (QDx2/week) in a phase I trial. This study followed an accelerated titration design with a starting dose of 20 mg/m(2)/dose and a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design for dose level 4 (120 mg/m(2)/dose) and above. Additional patients were enrolled at the RP2D with mandatory paired tumor biopsies to assess modulation of 210 client proteins using reverse phase protein array analysis. Thirty-one patients were treated; RP2D was established at 160 mg/m(2)/dose on the QDx2/week schedule. Common toxicities were gastrointestinal, hepatic, and hematologic. Pharmacokinetic profile was linear and plasma levels increased proportionally with dose (T½ ~8 h). No responses were observed; eight patients had stable disease for > 2 cycles with one patient remaining on study for 6 cycles. Target engagement was demonstrated by transcriptional upregulation of Hsp70 and Hsp27 in PBMCs. Statistically significant modulation of client proteins was not achieved in the 9 paired tumor biopsies evaluated; however, hierarchical clustering revealed two subgroups of patients with differential patterns of protein expression. Further combination studies are needed in order to target prospective driver oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Do
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric C. Polley
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Weimin Zhu
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jane B. Trepel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. Kinders
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Larry Phillips
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jerry Collins
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Woondong Jeong
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramya Antony
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alice P. Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bldg 31, Rm 3A44, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kim HJ, Lee KY, Kim YW, Choi YJ, Lee JE, Choi CM, Baek IJ, Rho JK, Lee JC. P-glycoprotein confers acquired resistance to 17-DMAG in lung cancers with an ALK rearrangement. BMC Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26219569 PMCID: PMC4517346 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is dependent on Hsp90 for protein stability, Hsp90 inhibitors are effective in controlling growth of lung cancer cells with ALK rearrangement. We investigated the mechanism of acquired resistance to 17-(Dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), a geldanamycin analogue Hsp90 inhibitor, in H3122 and H2228 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with ALK rearrangement. METHODS Resistant cell lines (H3122/DR-1, H3122/DR-2 and H2228/DR) were established by repeated exposure to increasing concentrations of 17-DMAG. Mechanisms for resistance by either NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), previously known as a factor related to 17-DMAG resistance, or P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1/MDR1) were queried using RT-PCR, western blot analysis, chemical inhibitors, the MTT cell proliferation/survival assay, and cellular efflux of rhodamine 123. RESULTS The resistant cells showed no cross-resistance to AUY922 or ALK inhibitors, suggesting that ALK dependency persists in cells with acquired resistance to 17-DMAG. Although expression of NQO1 was decreased in H3122/DR-1 and H3122/DR-2, NQO1 inhibition by dicumarol did not affect the response of parental cells (H2228 and H3122) to 17-DMAG. Interestingly, all resistant cells showed the induction of P-gp at the protein and RNA levels, which was associated with an increased efflux of the P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (Rho123). Transfection with siRNA directed against P-gp or treatment with verapamil, an inhibitor of P-gp, restored the sensitivity to the drug in all cells with acquired resistance to 17-DMAG. Furthermore, we also observed that the growth-inhibitory effect of 17-DMAG was decreased in A549/PR and H460/PR cells generated to over-express P-gp by long-term exposure to paclitaxel, and these cells recovered their sensitivity to 17-DMAG through the inhibition of P-gp. CONCLUSION P-gp over-expression is a possible mechanism of acquired resistance to 17-DMAG in cells with ALK rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kye Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young Whan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yun Jung Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea. .,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea.
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Busacca S, Law EWP, Powley IR, Proia DA, Sequeira M, Le Quesne J, Klabatsa A, Edwards JM, Matchett KB, Luo JL, Pringle JH, El-Tanani M, MacFarlane M, Fennell DA. Resistance to HSP90 inhibition involving loss of MCL1 addiction. Oncogene 2015; 35:1483-92. [PMID: 26096930 PMCID: PMC4819782 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the chaperone heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) induces apoptosis, and it is a promising anti-cancer strategy. The mechanisms underpinning apoptosis activation following HSP90 inhibition and how they are modified during acquired drug resistance are unknown. We show for the first time that, to induce apoptosis, HSP90 inhibition requires the cooperation of multi BH3-only proteins (BID, BIK, PUMA) and the reciprocal suppression of the pro-survival BCL-2 family member MCL1, which occurs via inhibition of STAT5A. A subset of tumour cell lines exhibit dependence on MCL1 expression for survival and this dependence is also associated with tumour response to HSP90 inhibition. In the acquired resistance setting, MCL1 suppression in response to HSP90 inhibitors is maintained; however, a switch in MCL1 dependence occurs. This can be exploited by the BH3 peptidomimetic ABT737, through non-BCL-2-dependent synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Busacca
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - E W P Law
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - D A Proia
- Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - M Sequeira
- Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp., Lexington, MA, USA
| | - J Le Quesne
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - A Klabatsa
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - K B Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J L Luo
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J H Pringle
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - D A Fennell
- Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Novel celastrol derivatives inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5819-31. [PMID: 25051375 PMCID: PMC4170594 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular co-chaperone CDC37 is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, where it functions with HSP90 to regulate the activity of protein kinases in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways that contribute towards hepatocarcinogenesis. Disruption of these signaling pathways via inhibition of HSP90/CDC37 interaction is therefore a rational therapeutic approach. We evaluated the anti-tumor effects of celastrol, pristimerin, and two novel derivatives (cel-D2, and cel-D7) on HCC cell lines in vitro and on orthotopic HCC patient-derived xenografts in vivo. All four compounds preferentially inhibited viability of HCC cells in vitro, and significantly inhibited the growth of three orthotopic HCC patient-derived xenografts in vivo; with the novel derivatives cel-D2 and cel-D7 exhibiting lower toxicity. All four compounds also induced cell apoptosis; and promoted degradation and inhibited phosphorylation of protein kinases in the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. We demonstrated that HSP90/CDC37 antagonists are potentially broad spectrum agents that might be beneficial for treating the heterogeneous subtypes of HCC, either as monotherapy, or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
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46
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Shah SP, Lonial S, Boise LH. When Cancer Fights Back: Multiple Myeloma, Proteasome Inhibition, and the Heat-Shock Response. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1163-73. [PMID: 26013169 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with an estimated 26,850 new cases and 11,240 deaths in 2015 in the United States. Two main classes of agents are the mainstays of therapy-proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD). Other new targets are emerging rapidly, including monoclonal antibodies and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. These therapeutic options have greatly improved overall survival, but currently only 15% to 20% of patients experience long-term progression-free survival or are cured. Therefore, improvement in treatment options is needed. One potential means of improving clinical options is to target resistance mechanisms for current agents. For example, eliminating the cytoprotective heat-shock response that protects myeloma cells from proteasome inhibition may enhance PI-based therapies. The transcription factor heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat-shock response. HSF1 is vital in the proteotoxic stress response, and its activation is controlled by posttranslational modifications (PTM). This review details the mechanisms of HSF1 regulation and discusses leveraging that regulation to enhance PI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shardule P Shah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship, Cancer Institute of Emory University and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Spreafico A, Delord JP, De Mattos-Arruda L, Berge Y, Rodon J, Cottura E, Bedard PL, Akimov M, Lu H, Pain S, Kaag A, Siu LL, Cortes J. A first-in-human phase I, dose-escalation, multicentre study of HSP990 administered orally in adult patients with advanced solid malignancies. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:650-9. [PMID: 25625276 PMCID: PMC4333497 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat-shock protein 990 (HSP990) is a potent and selective synthetic small-molecule HSP90 inhibitor. The primary objectives of this phase I first-in-human study were to determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included characterisation of the safety profile, pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). METHODS Heat-shock protein 990 was administered orally once or two times weekly on a 28-day cycle schedule in patients with advanced solid tumours. Dose escalation was guided by a Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control. RESULTS A total of 64 patients were enrolled. Fifty-three patients received HSP990 once weekly at 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 or 60 mg, whereas 11 patients received HSP990 two times weekly at 25 mg. Median duration of exposure was 8 weeks (range 1-116 weeks) and 12 patients remained on treatment for >16 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in seven patients and included diarrhoea, QTc prolongation, ALT/AST elevations and central neurological toxicities. The most common drug-related adverse events were diarrhoea, fatigue and decreased appetite. Further dose escalation beyond 60 mg once weekly was not possible owing to neurological toxicity. Rapid absorption, no drug accumulation and large interpatient variability in PK exposures were observed. No objective responses were seen; 25 patients had a best overall response of stable disease. CONCLUSIONS Heat-shock protein 990 is relatively well tolerated, with neurological toxicity being the most relevant DLT. The single agent MTD/RP2D of HSP990 was declared at 50 mg once weekly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spreafico
- Drug Development Program, UHN – Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J-P Delord
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - L De Mattos-Arruda
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Berge
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - J Rodon
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Cottura
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - P L Bedard
- Drug Development Program, UHN – Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Akimov
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Lu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - S Pain
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - A Kaag
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L L Siu
- Drug Development Program, UHN – Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Cortes
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ding Y, Yang M, She S, Min H, Xv X, Ran X, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang L, Yi L, Yang Y, Gao Q. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1748-58. [PMID: 25633909 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the seventh most common cancer overall and the third among females. To obtain systematic insight into the protein profile that participates in cervical tumor oncogenesis and improve the current target therapies, iTRAQ labeling and NanoLC-MS/MS analysis were utilized to detect differentially expressed proteins in cervical cancer. As a result, 3,647 proteins were identified, among which the expression levels of 294 proteins in cervical cancer samples were distinct from the paired non-tumor samples. Further validation of the differentially expressed proteins, including G6PD, ALDH3A1, STAT1 and HSPB1, was carried out via qRT-PCR, western blot analysis and tissue microarray. Functional analysis of one of the highly expressed proteins, G6PD, was performed using RNA interference. Attenuated G6PD expression reduced the capacity of HeLa cells to migrate and invade in vitro. Our investigation complemented the understanding of cervical cancer progression. Furthermore, the present study supports the notion that suppressing the expression of G6PD may be a promising strategy in developing novel cancer therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ding
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Sha She
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Min
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Long Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Evaluating Dual Hsp90 and Hsp70 Inhibition as a Cancer Therapy. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Solárová Z, Mojžiš J, Solár P. Hsp90 inhibitor as a sensitizer of cancer cells to different therapies (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:907-26. [PMID: 25501619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that maintains the structural and functional integrity of various client proteins involved in signaling and many other functions of cancer cells. The natural inhibitors, ansamycins influence the Hsp90 chaperone function by preventing its binding to client proteins and resulting in their proteasomal degradation. N- and C-terminal inhibitors of Hsp90 and their analogues are widely tested as potential anticancer agents in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical trials. It seems that Hsp90 competitive inhibitors target different tumor types at nanomolar concentrations and might have therapeutic benefit. On the contrary, some Hsp90 inhibitors increased toxicity and resistance of cancer cells induced by heat shock response, and through the interaction of survival signals, that occured as side effects of treatments, could be very effectively limited via combination of therapies. The aim of our review was to collect the data from experimental and clinical trials where Hsp90 inhibitor was combined with other therapies in order to prevent resistance as well as to potentiate the cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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