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Deben C, Boullosa LF, Fortes FR, De La Hoz EC, Le Compte M, Seghers S, Peeters M, Vanlanduit S, Lin A, Dijkstra KK, Van Schil P, Hendriks JMH, Prenen H, Roeyen G, Lardon F, Smits E. Auranofin repurposing for lung and pancreatic cancer: low CA12 expression as a marker of sensitivity in patient-derived organoids, with potentiated efficacy by AKT inhibition. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:88. [PMID: 38515178 PMCID: PMC10958863 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the repurposing of Auranofin (AF), an anti-rheumatic drug, for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Drug repurposing in oncology offers a cost-effective and time-efficient approach to developing new cancer therapies. Our research focuses on evaluating AF's selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells, identifying RNAseq-based biomarkers to predict AF response, and finding the most effective co-therapeutic agents for combination with AF. METHODS Our investigation employed a comprehensive drug screening of AF in combination with eleven anticancer agents in cancerous PDAC and NSCLC patient-derived organoids (n = 7), and non-cancerous pulmonary organoids (n = 2). Additionally, we conducted RNA sequencing to identify potential biomarkers for AF sensitivity and experimented with various drug combinations to optimize AF's therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS The results revealed that AF demonstrates a preferential cytotoxic effect on NSCLC and PDAC cancer cells at clinically relevant concentrations below 1 µM, sparing normal epithelial cells. We identified Carbonic Anhydrase 12 (CA12) as a significant RNAseq-based biomarker, closely associated with the NF-κB survival signaling pathway, which is crucial in cancer cell response to oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that cancer cells with low CA12 expression are more susceptible to AF treatment. Furthermore, the combination of AF with the AKT inhibitor MK2206 was found to be particularly effective, exhibiting potent and selective cytotoxic synergy, especially in tumor organoid models classified as intermediate responders to AF, without adverse effects on healthy organoids. CONCLUSION Our research offers valuable insights into the use of AF for treating NSCLC and PDAC. It highlights AF's cancer cell selectivity, establishes CA12 as a predictive biomarker for AF sensitivity, and underscores the enhanced efficacy of AF when combined with MK2206 and other therapeutics. These findings pave the way for further exploration of AF in cancer treatment, particularly in identifying patient populations most likely to benefit from its use and in optimizing combination therapies for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Laurie Freire Boullosa
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Felicia Rodrigues Fortes
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Maxim Le Compte
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sofie Seghers
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Abraham Lin
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Krijn K Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Van Schil
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jeroen M H Hendriks
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Hepatobiliary Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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2
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Haitzmann T, Schindlmaier K, Frech T, Mondal A, Bubalo V, Konrad B, Bluemel G, Stiegler P, Lackner S, Hrzenjak A, Eichmann T, Köfeler HC, Leithner K. Serine synthesis and catabolism in starved lung cancer and primary bronchial epithelial cells. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:9. [PMID: 38515202 PMCID: PMC10956291 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine and glycine give rise to important building blocks in proliferating cells. Both amino acids are either synthesized de novo or taken up from the extracellular space. In lung cancer, serine synthesis gene expression is variable, yet, expression of the initial enzyme, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was found to be associated with poor prognosis. While the contribution of de novo synthesis to serine pools has been shown to be enhanced by serine starvation, the impact of glucose deprivation, a commonly found condition in solid cancers is poorly understood. Here, we utilized a stable isotopic tracing approach to assess serine and glycine de novo synthesis and uptake in different lung cancer cell lines and normal bronchial epithelial cells in variable serine, glycine, and glucose conditions. Under low glucose supplementation (0.2 mM, 3-5% of normal plasma levels), serine de novo synthesis was maintained or even activated. As previously reported, also gluconeogenesis supplied carbons from glutamine to serine and glycine under these conditions. Unexpectedly, low glucose treatment consistently enhanced serine to glycine conversion, along with an up-regulation of the mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism enzymes, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD2). The relative contribution of de novo synthesis greatly increased in low serine/glycine conditions. In bronchial epithelial cells, adaptations occurred in a similar fashion as in cancer cells, but serine synthesis and serine to glycine conversion, as assessed by label enrichments and gene expression levels, were generally lower than in (PHGDH positive) cancer cells. In summary, we found a variable contribution of glucose or non-glucose carbon sources to serine and glycine and a high adaptability of the downstream one-carbon metabolism pathway to variable glucose supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Haitzmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schindlmaier
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Frech
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ayusi Mondal
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Visnja Bubalo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Konrad
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Bluemel
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Bioanalytical Research Labs, University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Division of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Lackner
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry and Lipidomics, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Eichmann
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry and Lipidomics, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry and Lipidomics, ZMF, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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3
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Wei YC, Zhu JY, Wu J, Yu S, Li W, Zhu MX, Liu TS, Cui YH, Li Q. Nestin overexpression reduces the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to trastuzumab. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:1694-1706. [PMID: 37720426 PMCID: PMC10502550 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab (TRA) shows significant efficacy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). While TRA can help treat HER2-positive breast cancer, TRA resistance is a key clinical challenge. Nestin reportedly regulates the cellular redox homeostasis in lung cancer. This study aimed at identifying the functions of Nestin on the TRA sensitivity of HER2-positive GC cells. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were performed to explore the association between the mRNA and protein expression profiles, respectively, of Nestin and the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. The influence of Nestin overexpression on the in vitro sensitivity of GC cells to TRA was explored by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, and flow cytometry. Results TRA treatment caused Nestin downregulation in two HER2-positive GC cell lines (MKN45 and NCI-N87). Nestin overexpression reduced the sensitivity of GC cells to TRA. The expression and activity of Nrf2 and relevant downstream antioxidant genes were increased by Nestin overexpression. Nestin overexpression also significantly suppressed TRA-induced apoptosis and ROS generation. In vivo tumor growth experiment with female BALB/c nude mice indicated that Nestin upregulation restored the tumor growth rate which was inhibited by TRA treatment. Conclusions Collectively, the inhibitory effect of Nestin on the TRA sensitivity of cells to TRA was confirmed in this study. These results imply that the antioxidant Nestin-Nrf2 axis may play a role in the mechanism underlying the resistance of GC cells to TRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Yi Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Shu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Hong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Falchetti M, Delgobo M, Zancanaro H, Almeida K, das Neves RN, Dos Santos B, Stefanes NM, Bishop A, Santos-Silva MC, Zanotto-Filho A. Omics-based identification of an NRF2-related auranofin resistance signature in cancer: Insights into drug repurposing. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106347. [PMID: 36493734 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin is a thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitor originally approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, auranofin has been repurposed as an anticancer drug, with pharmacological activity reported in multiple cancer types. In this study, we characterized transcriptional and genetic alterations associated with auranofin response in cancer. By integrating data from an auranofin cytotoxicity screen with transcriptome profiling of lung cancer cell lines, we identified an auranofin resistance signature comprising 29 genes, most of which are classical targets of the transcription factor NRF2, such as genes involved in glutathione metabolism (GCLC, GSR, SLC7A11) and thioredoxin system (TXN, TXNRD1). Pan-cancer analysis revealed that mutations in NRF2 pathway genes, namely KEAP1 and NFE2L2, are strongly associated with overexpression of the auranofin resistance gene set. By clustering cancer types based on auranofin resistance signature expression, hepatocellular carcinoma, and a subset of non-small cell lung cancer, head-neck squamous cell carcinoma, and esophageal cancer carrying NFE2L2/KEAP1 mutations were predicted resistant, whereas leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma were predicted sensitive to auranofin. Cell viability assays in a panel of 20 cancer cell lines confirmed the augmented sensitivity of hematological cancers to auranofin; an effect associated with dependence upon glutathione and decreased expression of NRF2 target genes involved in GSH synthesis and recycling (GCLC, GCLM and GSR) in these cancer types. In summary, the omics-based identification of sensitive/resistant cancers and genetic alterations associated with these phenotypes may guide an appropriate repurposing of auranofin in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Delgobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Zancanaro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Barbara Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Marcéli Stefanes
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias (LOEH), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexander Bishop
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias (LOEH), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer (LabCancer), Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil. https://labcancer.paginas.ufsc.br
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5
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Optimization of the Solvent and In Vivo Administration Route of Auranofin in a Syngeneic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122761. [PMID: 36559255 PMCID: PMC9783082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic activity of the thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor, auranofin (AF), has already been investigated in various cancer mouse models as a single drug, or in combination with other molecules. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature on the solvent, dose and administration route of AF treatment in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the solvent and administration route of AF in a syngeneic SB28 glioblastoma (GBM) C57BL/6J and a 344SQ non-small cell lung cancer 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) mouse model. Compared to daily intraperitoneal injections and subcutaneous delivery of AF via osmotic minipumps, oral gavage for 14 days was the most suitable administration route for high doses of AF (10-15 mg/kg) in both mouse models, showing no measurable weight loss or signs of toxicity. A solvent comprising 50% DMSO, 40% PEG300 and 10% ethanol improved the solubility of AF for oral administration in mice. In addition, we confirmed that AF was a potent TrxR inhibitor in SB28 GBM tumors at high doses. Taken together, our results and results in the literature indicate the therapeutic value of AF in several in vivo cancer models, and provide relevant information about AF's optimal administration route and solvent in two syngeneic cancer mouse models.
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Fazzari F, Chow S, Cheung M, Barghout SH, Schimmer AD, Chang Q, Hedley D. Combined Targeting of the Glutathione and Thioredoxin Antioxidant Systems in Pancreatic Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1070-1078. [PMID: 36407947 PMCID: PMC9667549 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by increased generation of reactive oxygen species that can cause lethal oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated the combined inhibition of the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) that targets glutathione synthesis, and auranofin that targets thioredoxin recycling. BSO potentiated the cytotoxicity of auranofin and induced lethal oxidative stress in primary pancreatic cancer cells. As assessed by the cellular thermal shift assay, auranofin engaged with thioredoxin reductase 1 in primary cells at concentrations known to induce cell death. Moreover, we used imaging mass cytometry to map the biodistribution of atomic gold in patient-derived xenografts treated with auranofin, and the drug was readily detectable throughout the epithelial and stromal compartments after treatment with a clinically relevant dose. In conclusion, combinatorial treatment with BSO and auranofin could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fazzari
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sue Chow
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - May Cheung
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Samir H. Barghout
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Qing Chang
- Fluidigm
Canada Inc., 1380 Rodick
Road, Markham, Ontario L3R 4G5, Canada
| | - David Hedley
- Princess
Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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USF2-mediated upregulation of TXNRD1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating Akt/mTOR signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:917. [PMID: 36319631 PMCID: PMC9626593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is one of the major redox regulators in mammalian cells, which has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, its roles and regulatory mechanism underlying the progression of HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that TXNRD1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tumor tissues and correlated with poor survival in HCC patients. Functional studies indicated TXNRD1 knockdown substantially suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and its overexpression showed opposite effects. Mechanistically, TXNRD1 attenuated the interaction between Trx1 and PTEN which resulting in acceleration of PTEN degradation, thereby activated Akt/mTOR signaling and its target genes which conferred to elevated HCC cell mobility and metastasis. Moreover, USF2 was identified as a transcriptional suppressor of TXNRD1, which directly interacted with two E-box sites in TXNRD1 promoter. USF2 functioned as tumor suppressor through the downstream repression of TXNRD1. Further clinical data revealed negative co-expression correlations between USF2 and TXNRD1. In conclusion, our findings reveal that USF2-mediated upregulation of TXNRD1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Jovanović M, Podolski-Renić A, Krasavin M, Pešić M. The Role of the Thioredoxin Detoxification System in Cancer Progression and Resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:883297. [PMID: 35664671 PMCID: PMC9161637 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.883297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular redox homeostasis is a dynamic balancing system between the levels of free radical species and antioxidant enzymes and small molecules at the core of cellular defense mechanisms. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is an important detoxification system regulating the redox milieu. This system is one of the key regulators of cells’ proliferative potential as well, through the reduction of key proteins. Increased oxidative stress characterizes highly proliferative, metabolically hyperactive cancer cells, which are forced to mobilize antioxidant enzymes to balance the increase in free radical concentration and prevent irreversible damage and cell death. Components of the Trx system are involved in high-rate proliferation and activation of pro-survival mechanisms in cancer cells, particularly those facing increased oxidative stress. This review addresses the importance of the targetable redox-regulating Trx system in tumor progression, as well as in detoxification and protection of cancer cells from oxidative stress and drug-induced cytotoxicity. It also discusses the cancer cells’ counteracting mechanisms to the Trx system inhibition and presents several inhibitors of the Trx system as prospective candidates for cytostatics’ adjuvants. This manuscript further emphasizes the importance of developing novel multitarget therapies encompassing the Trx system inhibition to overcome cancer treatment limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Jovanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Organic Chemistry Division, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Milica Pešić, , orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-8239
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Weidle UH, Sela T, Brinkmann U, Niewoehner J. Circular RNAs With Efficacy in Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:283-298. [PMID: 35430563 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is associated with a dismal prognosis. The armamentarium of approved drugs is focused on chemotherapy with modest therapeutic benefit. Recently, checkpoint inhibitory monoclonal antibody Pembrolizumab was approved. In order to identify new targets and modalities for the treatment of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) we searched the literature for circRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC. We identified two down-regulated and 17 up-regulated circRNAs as well as a synthetic circRNA with efficacy in preclinical in vivo systems. Down-regulated circRNAs sponge microRNAs directed against tumor suppressor genes. Up-regulated circRNAs sponge microRNAs directed against mRNAs, which encode proteins with pro-tumoral functions. We discuss issues such as reconstitution of down-regulated circRNAs and inhibition of up-regulated circRNAs with short interfering RNA (siRNA)- related entities. Also, we address druggability issues of the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Sela
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jens Niewoehner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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10
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Delgobo M, Gonçalves RM, Delazeri MA, Falchetti M, Zandoná A, Nascimento das Neves R, Almeida K, Fagundes AC, Gelain DP, Fracasso JI, Macêdo GBD, Priori L, Bassani N, Bishop AJR, Forcelini CM, Moreira JCF, Zanotto-Filho A. Thioredoxin reductase-1 levels are associated with NRF2 pathway activation and tumor recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:58-71. [PMID: 34673143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway characterize a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. We herein evaluated the relationship between 64 oxidative stress-related genes and overall survival data from 35 lung cancer datasets. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) stood out as the most significant predictor of poor outcome. In a cohort of NSCLC patients, high TXNRD1 protein levels correlated with shorter disease-free survival and distal metastasis-free survival post-surgery, including a subset of individuals treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NSCLC tumors harboring genetic alterations in the NRF2 pathway (KEAP1, NFE2L2 and CUL3 mutations, and NFE2L2 amplification) overexpress TXNRD1, while no association with EGFR, KRAS, TP53 and PIK3CA mutations was found. In addition, nuclear accumulation of NRF2 overlapped with upregulated TXNRD1 protein in NSCLC tumors. Functional cell assays and gene dependency analysis revealed that NRF2, but not TXNRD1, has a pivotal role in KEAP1 mutant cells' survival. KEAP1 mutants overexpress TXNRD1 and are less susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of the TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin when compared to wild-type cell lines. Inhibition of NRF2 with siRNA or ML-385, and glutathione depletion with buthionine-sulfoximine, sensitized KEAP1 mutant A549 cells to auranofin. NRF2 knockdown and GSH depletion also augmented cisplatin cytotoxicity in A549 cells, whereas auranofin had no effect. In summary, these findings suggest that TXNRD1 is not a key determinant of malignant phenotypes in KEAP1 mutant cells, although this protein can be a surrogate marker of NRF2 pathway activation, predicting tumor recurrence and possibly other aggressive phenotypes associated with NRF2 hyperactivation in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Delgobo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Mayer Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioengenharia Tecidual, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada as Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Delazeri
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Faculdade de Medicina, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchetti
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Zandoná
- Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Faculdade de Medicina, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karoline Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Adriane Cristina Fagundes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Priori
- Hospital São Vicente de Paulo (HSVP), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nicklas Bassani
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alexander James Roy Bishop
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica do Câncer, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
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11
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Gamberi T, Chiappetta G, Fiaschi T, Modesti A, Sorbi F, Magherini F. Upgrade of an old drug: Auranofin in innovative cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:1111-1146. [PMID: 34850406 PMCID: PMC9299597 DOI: 10.1002/med.21872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin is an oral gold(I) compound, initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, Auranofin is under investigation for oncological application within a drug repurposing plan due to the relevant antineoplastic activity observed both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In this review, we analysed studies in which Auranofin was used as a single drug or in combination with other molecules to enhance their anticancer activity or to overcome chemoresistance. The analysis of different targets/pathways affected by this drug in different cancer types has allowed us to highlight several interesting targets and effects of Auranofin besides the already well-known inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Among these targets, inhibitory-κB kinase, deubiquitinates, protein kinase C iota have been frequently suggested. To rationalize the effects of Auranofin by a system biology-like approach, we exploited transcriptomic data obtained from a wide range of cell models, extrapolating the data deposited in the Connectivity Maps website and we attempted to provide a general conclusion and discussed the major points that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Plasticité du Cerveau UMR 8249 CNRS, Paris, ESPCI Paris-PSL, France
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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12
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Dai B, Augustine JJ, Kang Y, Roife D, Li X, Deng J, Tan L, Rusling LA, Weinstein JN, Lorenzi PL, Kim MP, Fleming JB. Compound NSC84167 selectively targets NRF2-activated pancreatic cancer by inhibiting asparagine synthesis pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:693. [PMID: 34247201 PMCID: PMC8272721 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is aberrantly activated in about 93% of pancreatic cancers. Activated NRF2 regulates multiple downstream molecules involved in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, translational control, and treatment resistance; however, targeting NRF2 for pancreatic cancer therapy remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used the online computational tool CellMinerTM to explore the NCI-60 drug databases for compounds with anticancer activities correlating most closely with the mRNA expression of NQO1, a marker for NRF2 pathway activity. Among the >100,000 compounds analyzed, NSC84167, termed herein as NRF2 synthetic lethality compound-01 (NSLC01), was one of the top hits (r = 0.71, P < 0.001) and selected for functional characterization. NSLC01 selectively inhibited the viabilities of four out of seven conventional pancreatic cancer cell lines and induced dramatic apoptosis in the cells with high NRF2 activation. The selective anticancer activity of NSLC01 was further validated with a panel of nine low-passage pancreatic patient-derived cell lines, and a significant reverse correlation between log(IC50) of NSLC01 and NQO1 expression was confirmed (r = -0.5563, P = 0.024). Notably, screening of a panel of nine patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) revealed six PDXs with high NQO1/NRF2 activation, and NSLC01 dramatically inhibited the viabilities and induced apoptosis in ex vivo cultures of PDX tumors. Consistent with the ex vivo results, NSLC01 inhibited the tumor growth of two NRF2-activated PDX models in vivo (P < 0.01, n = 7-8) but had no effects on the NRF2-low counterpart. To characterize the mechanism of action, we employed a metabolomic isotope tracer assay that demonstrated that NSLC01-mediated inhibition of de novo synthesis of multiple amino acids, including asparagine and methionine. Importantly, we further found that NSLC01 suppresses the eEF2K/eEF2 translation elongation cascade and protein translation of asparagine synthetase. In summary, this study identified a novel compound that selectively targets protein translation and induces synthetic lethal effects in NRF2-activated pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Dai
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jithesh J Augustine
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Roife
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xinqun Li
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jenying Deng
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leona A Rusling
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael P Kim
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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13
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Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Sunjic SB, Zarkovic N. The NRF2, Thioredoxin, and Glutathione System in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 33228209 PMCID: PMC7699519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains an elusive, highly complex disease and a global burden. Constant change by acquired mutations and metabolic reprogramming contribute to the high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells, their selective growth advantage, and their resistance to anticancer therapies. In the modern era of integrative biomedicine, realizing that a personalized approach could benefit therapy treatments and patients' prognosis, we should focus on cancer-driving advantageous modifications. Namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to act as regulators of cellular metabolism and growth, exhibit both negative and positive activities, as do antioxidants with potential anticancer effects. Such complexity of oxidative homeostasis is sometimes overseen in the case of studies evaluating the effects of potential anticancer antioxidants. While cancer cells often produce more ROS due to their increased growth-favoring demands, numerous conventional anticancer therapies exploit this feature to ensure selective cancer cell death triggered by excessive ROS levels, also causing serious side effects. The activation of the cellular NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2) pathway and induction of cytoprotective genes accompanies an increase in ROS levels. A plethora of specific targets, including those involved in thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are activated by NRF2. In this paper, we briefly review preclinical research findings on the interrelated roles of the NRF2 pathway and TRX and GSH systems, with focus given to clinical findings and their relevance in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (L.M.); (S.B.S.)
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14
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Li X, Song L, Wang B, Tao C, Shi L, Xu M. Circ0120816 acts as an oncogene of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting miR-1305 and releasing TXNRD1. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:526. [PMID: 33292234 PMCID: PMC7597039 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered to participate in the carcinogenesis of multiple cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression is yet to be properly understood. This research aimed to investigate and understand the mechanism used by circRNAs to regulate ESCC progression. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was first performed to screen dysregulated circRNAs and differentially expressed genes in ESCC. The ESCC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissue samples utilized in this study were obtained from 36 ESCC patients. All the samples were subjected to qRT-PCR analysis to identify the expression of TXNRD1, circRNAs, and miR-1305. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down assay were later conducted to verify the existing relationship among circ0120816, miR-1305 and TXNRD1. CCK-8, BrdU, cell adhesion, cell cycle, western blot and caspase 3 activity assays were also employed to evaluate the regulation of these three biological molecules in ESCC carcinogenesis. To evaluate the effect of circ0120816 on ESCC tumor growth and metastasis, the xenograft mice model was constructed. RESULTS Experimental investigations revealed that circ0120816 was the highest upregulated circRNA in ESCC tissues and that this non-coding RNA acted as a miR-1305 sponge in enhancing cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion as well as repressing cell apoptosis in ESCC cell lines. Moreover, miR-1305 was observed to exert a tumor-suppressive effect in ESCC cells by directly targeting and repressing TXNRD1. It was also noticed that TXNRD1 could regulate cyclin, cell adhesion molecule, and apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, silencing circ0120816 was found to repress ESCC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This research confirmed that circ0120816 played an active role in promoting ESCC development by targeting miR-1305 and upregulating oncogene TXNRD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Laichun Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Tao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.753 Jinghan Road, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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15
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Guo Q, Yan J, Song T, Zhong C, Kuang J, Mo Y, Tan J, Li D, Sui Z, Cai K, Zhang J. microRNA-130b-3p Contained in MSC-Derived EVs Promotes Lung Cancer Progression by Regulating the FOXO3/NFE2L2/TXNRD1 Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:132-146. [PMID: 33575477 PMCID: PMC7851484 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediate lung cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from transfected or untransfected MSCs, and were co-cultured with lung cancer cells with/without microRNA-130b-3p (miR-130b-3p) inhibitor, mimic, overexpression plasmids of FOXO3/NFE2L2, or shRNAs. CCK-8 assay, colony formation, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were carried out to determine the biological functioning of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, FOXO3, Keap1, NFE2L2, and TXNRD1 expression was determined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. A tumor xenograft mouse model was used to determine role of EVs-miR-130b-3p and its target FOXO3 in lung cancer progression in vivo. miR-130b-3p was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and MSC-derived EVs. Moreover, the MSC-derived EVs transferred miR-130b-3p to lung cancer cells to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while repress cell apoptosis. miR-130b-3p directly targeted FOXO3, and FOXO3 elevated Keap1 expression to downregulate NFE2L2, thus inhibiting TXNRD1. FOXO3 overexpression or silencing of NFE2L2 or TXNRD1 diminished lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration but enhanced apoptosis. EV-delivered miR-130b-3p or FOXO3 silencing promoted lung cancer progression in vivo. In summary, MSC-derived EVs with upregulated miR-130b-3p suppressed FOXO3 to block the NFE2L2/TXNRD1 pathway, thus playing an oncogenic role in lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Tieniu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Jun Kuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Mo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Zesen Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, P.R. China
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16
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Hodge K, Makjaroen J, Robinson J, Khoomrung S, Pisitkun T. Deep Proteomic Deconvolution of Interferons and HBV Transfection Effects on a Hepatoblastoma Cell Line. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16796-16810. [PMID: 32685848 PMCID: PMC7364717 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are commonly utilized in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection but are not effective for all patients. A deep understanding of the limitations of interferon treatment requires delineation of its activity at multiple "omic" levels. While myriad studies have characterized the transcriptomic effects of interferon treatment, surprisingly, few have examined interferon-induced effects at the proteomic level. To remedy this paucity, we stimulated HepG2 cells with both IFN-α and IFN-λ and performed proteomic analysis versus unstimulated cells. Alongside, we examined the effects of HBV transfection in the same cell line, reasoning that parallel IFN and HBV analysis might allow determination of cases where HBV transfection counters the effects of interferons. More than 6000 proteins were identified, with multiple replicates allowing for differential expression analysis at high confidence. Drawing on a compendium of transcriptomic data, as well as proteomic half-life data, we suggest means by which transcriptomic results diverge from our proteomic results. We also invoke a recent multiomic study of HBV-related hepatocarcinoma (HCC), showing that despite HBV's role in initiating HCC, the regulated proteomic landscapes of HBV transfection and HCC do not strongly align. Special focus is applied to the proteasome, with numerous components divergently altered under IFN and HBV-transfection conditions. We also examine alterations of other protein groups relevant to HLA complex peptide display, unveiling intriguing alterations in a number of ubiquitin ligases. Finally, we invoke genome-scale metabolic modeling to predict relevant alterations to the metabolic landscape under experimental conditions. Our data should be useful as a resource for interferon and HBV researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hodge
- The
Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- The
Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jonathan Robinson
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure
Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Center for Protein Research, Chalmers University
of Technology, Kemivägen
10, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Siriraj Metabolomics
and Phenomics Center Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Center
for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- The
Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- . Phone: +6692-537-0549
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17
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Cavaliere A, Merz V, Casalino S, Zecchetto C, Simionato F, Salt HL, Contarelli S, Santoro R, Melisi D. Novel Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Preoperative Systemic Therapies in Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2019; 19:375-392. [PMID: 31897341 PMCID: PMC6928085 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2019.19.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative chemo- and radiotherapeutic strategies followed by surgery are currently a standard approach for treating locally advanced gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer in Western countries. However, in a large number of cases, the tumor is extremely resistant to these treatments and the patients are exposed to unnecessary toxicity and delayed surgical therapy. The current clinical trials evaluating the combination of preoperative systemic therapies with modern targeted and immunotherapeutic agents represent a unique opportunity for identifying predictive biomarkers of response to select patients that would benefit the most from these treatments. However, it is of utmost importance that these potential biomarkers are corroborated by extensive preclinical and translational research. The aim of this review article is to present the most promising biomarkers of response to classic chemotherapeutic, anti-HER2, antiangiogenic, and immunotherapeutic agents that can be potentially useful for personalized preoperative systemic therapies in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cavaliere
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Merz
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Casalino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Hayley Louise Salt
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Contarelli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaela Santoro
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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18
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Antineoplastic effects of auranofin in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma preclinical models. Surg Open Sci 2019; 1:56-63. [PMID: 33981979 PMCID: PMC8083010 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Auranofin, a Food and Drug Administration–approved anti-rheumatic agent with anticancer properties for lung and ovarian cancer, has never been studied for pancreatic cancer. We hypothesize that auranofin may prevent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression by inhibition of Txnrd1 and HIF-1α. Methods In vitro sensitivity of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines was determined based on IC50. Western blot assays were used to interrogate mechanisms of apoptosis and resistance. Ex vivo live tissue slice assays of xenografts allowed for testing of a larger number of PDX samples with high efficiency. In vivo pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma orthotopic mouse models using MiaPaCa-2 Luc + cells were designed to determine optimal dose and antitumor effect. Results We found that 10 of 15 tested pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines were sensitive to auranofin based on IC50s below 5 μmol/L. Ex vivo tissue growth inhibition greater than 44% was observed for 13 PDX tissue cases treated with 10 μmol/L auranofin. High Txnrd1 expression was observed for resistant cell lines. In vivo studies showed 15 mg/kg IP as the optimal dose with absence of gross solid organ metastasis up to 13 weeks post-treatment (median survival 8 and 12 weeks, respectively; P = .0953). Conclusions We have demonstrated that auranofin prevents pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression using multiple models. Our study suggests inhibition of Txnrd1 and HIF-1α as possible mechanisms of action, and Txnrd1 as a biomarker of resistance. Based on these data, an off-label Phase 0 clinical trial with this FDA-approved drug should be considered for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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19
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Tuo L, Xiang J, Pan X, Gao Q, Zhang G, Yang Y, Liang L, Xia J, Wang K, Tang N. PCK1 Downregulation Promotes TXNRD1 Expression and Hepatoma Cell Growth via the Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway. Front Oncol 2018; 8:611. [PMID: 30619751 PMCID: PMC6304441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis, generates glucose from small carbohydrate substrates, and drives the metabolic flux in parallel but opposite to glycolysis. The cytoplasmic isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1 or PEPCK-C), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, initiates the gluconeogenesis process and is reportedly dysregulated in multiple types of cancer. Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in the liver during fasting, and previous studies have demonstrated that PCK1 acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the role of PCK1 in cancer progression remains incompletely understood. In the current study, we found that PCK1 expression was decreased in HCC as compared to adjacent normal liver tissues, and low PCK1 expression correlated with poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, overexpression of PCK1 suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in hepatoma cells. In addition, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), an antioxidant enzyme regulated by the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, was downregulated upon overexpression of PCK1 in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, we verified this axis using nude mouse xenograft model. Finally, we found that auranofin, a TXNRD1 inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity of PCK1-knockout hepatoma cells to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that PCK1 deficiency promotes hepatoma cell proliferation via the induction of oxidative stress and the activation of transcription factor Nrf2, and that targeting the TXNRD1 antioxidant pathway sensitizes PCK1-knockout hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Gambardella V, Gimeno-Valiente F, Tarazona N, Martinez-Ciarpaglini C, Roda D, Fleitas T, Tolosa P, Cejalvo JM, Huerta M, Roselló S, Castillo J, Cervantes A. NRF2 through RPS6 Activation Is Related to Anti-HER2 Drug Resistance in HER2-Amplified Gastric Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1639-1649. [PMID: 30504425 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the clinical advantage of the combination of trastuzumab and platinum-based chemotherapy in HER2-amplified tumors, resistance will eventually develop. The identification of molecular mechanisms related to primary and acquired resistance is needed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated lapatinib- and trastuzumab-resistant clones deriving from two different HER2-amplified gastric cancer cell lines. Molecular changes such as protein expression and gene-expression profile were evaluated to detect alterations that could be related to resistance. Functional studies in vitro were corroborated in vivo. The translational relevance of our findings was verified in a patient cohort. RESULTS We found RPS6 activation and NRF2 to be related to anti-HER2 drug resistance. RPS6 or NRF2 inhibition with siRNA reduced viability and resistance to anti-HER2 drugs. In knockdown cells for RPS6, a decrease of NRF2 expression was demonstrated, suggesting a potential link between these two proteins. The use of a PI3K/TORC1/TORC2 inhibitor, tested in vitro and in vivo, inhibited pRPS6 and NRF2 expression and caused cell and tumor growth reduction, in anti-HER2-resistant models. In a cohort of HER2-amplified patients treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy, a high level of NRF2 at baseline corresponds with worse progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS NRF2 through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/RPS6 pathway could be a potential effector of resistance to anti-HER2 drugs in our models. RPS6 inhibition decreases NRF2 expression and restores sensitivity in HER2-amplified gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. High NRF2 expression in gastric cancer patients predicts resistance to treatment. RPS6 and NRF2 inhibition could prevent resistance to anti-HER2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gambardella
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gimeno-Valiente
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Tarazona
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Network of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Desamparados Roda
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Network of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Tania Fleitas
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Tolosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisol Huerta
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Roselló
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Network of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Josefa Castillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Network of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Network of Biomedical Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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21
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Zhang L, Hao C, Zhai R, Wang D, Zhang J, Bao L, Li Y, Yao W. Downregulation of exosomal let-7a-5p in dust exposed- workers contributes to lung cancer development. Respir Res 2018; 19:235. [PMID: 30497474 PMCID: PMC6267915 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Either chronic or acute exposure to dust particles may lead to pneumoconiosis and lung cancer, and lung cancer mortality among patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis is increasing. Utilizing genome-wide sequencing technology, this study aimed to identify methods to decrease the number of patients with pneumoconiosis who die from lung cancer. METHODS One hundred fifty-four subjects were recruited, including 54 pneumoconiosis patients and 100 healthy controls. Exosomes were isolated from the venous blood of every subject. Distinctive miRNAs were identified using high throughput sequencing technology, and bioinformatics analysis predicted target genes involved in lung cancer as well as their corresponding biological functions. Moreover, cross-cancer alterations of genes related to lung cancer were investigated, and survival analysis was performed using 2437 samples with an average follow-up period of 49 months. RESULTS Let-7a-5p was revealed to be downregulated by 21.67% in pneumoconiosis. Out of the 683 let-7a-5p target genes identified from bioinformatics analysis, four genes related to five signaling pathways were confirmed to be involved in lung cancer development. Alterations in these four target genes were then explored in 4105 lung cancer patients, and BCL2L1 and IGF1R were demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed. Survival analysis further revealed that high expression of BCL2L1 corresponded to reduced survival of lung cancer patients (HR (95%CI) = 1.75(1.33~2.30)), while patient survival time was unaffected by expression of IGF1R (HR (95%CI) = 1.15 (0.98~1.36)). CONCLUSIONS In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, simultaneous downregulation of exosomal let-7a-5p and elevated expression of BCL2L1 are useful as predictive biomarkers for poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Healthy Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Social Risk Prediction and Governance, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, 261024 China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Ruonan Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
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Inhibition of thioredoxin-dependent H 2O 2 removal sensitizes malignant B-cells to pharmacological ascorbate. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101062. [PMID: 30576925 PMCID: PMC6302138 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
L-ascorbate (L-ASC) is a widely-known dietary nutrient which holds promising potential in cancer therapy when given parenterally at high doses. The anticancer effects of L-ASC involve its autoxidation and generation of H2O2, which is selectively toxic to malignant cells. Here we present that thioredoxin antioxidant system plays a key role in the scavenging of extracellularly-generated H2O2 in malignant B-cells. We show that inhibition of peroxiredoxin 1, the enzyme that removes H2O2 in a thioredoxin system-dependent manner, increases the sensitivity of malignant B-cells to L-ASC. Moreover, we demonstrate that auranofin (AUR), the inhibitor of the thioredoxin system that is used as an antirheumatic drug, diminishes the H2O2-scavenging capacity of malignant B-cells and potentiates pharmacological ascorbate anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The addition of AUR to L-ASC-treated cells triggers the accumulation of H2O2 in the cells, which results in iron-dependent cytotoxicity. Importantly, the synergistic effects are observed at as low as 200 µM L-ASC concentrations. In conclusion, we observed strong, synergistic, cancer-selective interaction between L-ASC and auranofin. Since both of these agents are available in clinical practice, our findings support further investigations of the efficacy of pharmacological ascorbate in combination with auranofin in preclinical and clinical settings. Lack of peroxiredoxin 1 potentiates antileukemic activity of L-ascorbate in vitro and in vivo. Auranofin and L-ascorbate synergistically kill malignant B cells. Auranofin leads to intracellular accumulation of H2O2 generated by L-ascorbate. Auranofin and L-ascorbate trigger iron-dependent oxidative damage and cytotoxicity.
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23
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Kim BK, Nam SW, Min BS, Ban HS, Paik S, Lee K, Im JY, Lee Y, Park JT, Kim SY, Kim M, Lee H, Won M. Bcl-2-dependent synthetic lethal interaction of the IDF-11774 with the V0 subunit C of vacuolar ATPase (ATP6V0C) in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1347-1357. [PMID: 30420612 PMCID: PMC6265273 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IDF-11774, a novel clinical candidate for cancer therapy, targets HSP70 and inhibits mitochondrial respiration, resulting in the activation of AMPK and reduction in HIF-1α accumulation. Methods To identify genes that have synthetic lethality to IDF-11774, RNA interference screening was conducted, using pooled lentiviruses expressing a short hairpin RNA library. Results We identified ATP6V0C, encoding the V0 subunit C of lysosomal V-ATPase, knockdown of which induced a synergistic growth-inhibitory effect in HCT116 cells in the presence of IDF-11774. The synthetic lethality of IDF-11774 with ATP6V0C possibly correlates with IDF-11774-mediated autolysosome formation. Notably, the synergistic effect of IDF-11774 and the ATP6V0C inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, depended on the PIK3CA genetic status and Bcl-2 expression, which regulates autolysosome formation and apoptosis. Similarly, in an experiment using conditionally reprogramed cells derived from colorectal cancer patients, synergistic growth inhibition was observed in cells with low Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions Bcl-2 is a biomarker for the synthetic lethal interaction of IDF-11774 with ATP6V0C, which is clinically applicable for the treatment of cancer patients with IDF-11774 or autophagy-inducing anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Soon Woo Nam
- The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St Mary's Hospital, 56 Dongsuro Bupyunggu, Incheon, 06591, Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Serverance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Serverance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 410-820, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Im
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Joon-Tae Park
- Drug Discovery Team, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Hwaseong, 445-811, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hongsub Lee
- Drug Discovery Team, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Hwaseong, 445-811, Korea
| | - Misun Won
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
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24
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Al-Saffar NMS, Troy H, Wong Te Fong AC, Paravati R, Jackson LE, Gowan S, Boult JKR, Robinson SP, Eccles SA, Yap TA, Leach MO, Chung YL. Metabolic biomarkers of response to the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in pre-clinical models of human colorectal and prostate carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1118-1128. [PMID: 30377337 PMCID: PMC6219501 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT is commonly overexpressed in tumours and plays an important role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer. We have used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess whether inhibition of AKT signalling would result in metabolic changes that could potentially be used as biomarkers to monitor response to AKT inhibition. METHODS Cellular and metabolic effects of the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK-2206 were investigated in HT29 colon and PC3 prostate cancer cells and xenografts using flow cytometry, immunoblotting, immunohistology and MRS. RESULTS In vitro treatment with MK-2206 inhibited AKT signalling and resulted in time-dependent alterations in glucose, glutamine and phospholipid metabolism. In vivo, MK-2206 resulted in inhibition of AKT signalling and tumour growth compared with vehicle-treated controls. In vivo MRS analysis of HT29 subcutaneous xenografts showed similar metabolic changes to those seen in vitro including decreases in the tCho/water ratio, tumour bioenergetic metabolites and changes in glutamine and glutathione metabolism. Similar phosphocholine changes compared to in vitro were confirmed in the clinically relevant orthotopic PC3 model. CONCLUSION This MRS study suggests that choline metabolites detected in response to AKT inhibition are time and microenvironment-dependent, and may have potential as non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring response to AKT inhibitors in selected cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M S Al-Saffar
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen Troy
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Abbott Ireland Diagnostics Division, Pregnancy and Fertility Team, Lisnamuck, Longford, Ireland
| | - Anne-Christine Wong Te Fong
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Paravati
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - L Elizabeth Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K R Boult
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin O Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
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25
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Zhang TT, Qu N, Sun GH, Zhang L, Wang YJ, Mu XM, Wei WJ, Wang YL, Wang Y, Ji QH, Zhu YX, Shi RL. NRG1 regulates redox homeostasis via NRF2 in papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:685-693. [PMID: 29901070 PMCID: PMC6017180 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine cancer, of which papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a glycoprotein mediating cell-cell signaling, plays vital roles in cellular activities; however, its role in PTC progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry in 196 samples from patients and found that NRG1, a potential prognostic marker is highly expressed in PTC compared with adjacent normal tissues. Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assays indicated that NRG1 is essential for PTC cell viability and proliferation, probably by regulating redox homeostasis, which was implied by ROS generation analysis and intracellular GSH activity assay. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR revealed that NRG1 regulates ERK pathway and the pivotal regulator of cellular redox status, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which maintains moderate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels through a set of antioxidant response element (ARE)-containing genes. The immuno-histochemical scoring of 196 PTC samples and the analysis of the data of 490 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveled a positive association between the expression of NRG1 and NRF2. Since the presence of NRG1 regulates redox homeostasis through NRF2, protecting PTC cells from the accumulation of ROS and ROS-induced cell death, NRG1 may thus prove to be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Jin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ming Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xue Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Liang Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Koundouros N, Poulogiannis G. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling and Redox Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:160. [PMID: 29868481 PMCID: PMC5968394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and the consequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary to promote tumorigenesis. At the nexus of these cellular processes is the aberrant regulation of oncogenic signaling cascades such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in cancer. In this review, we examine the regulation of ROS metabolism in the context of PI3K-driven tumors with particular emphasis on four main areas of research. (1) Stimulation of ROS production through direct modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics, activation of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), and metabolic byproducts associated with hyperactive PI3K/Akt signaling. (2) The induction of pro-tumorigenic signaling cascades by ROS as a consequence of phosphatase and tensin homolog and receptor tyrosine phosphatase redox-dependent inactivation. (3) The mechanisms through which PI3K/Akt activation confers a selective advantage to cancer cells by maintaining redox homeostasis. (4) Opportunities for therapeutically exploiting redox metabolism in PIK3CA mutant tumors and the potential for implementing novel combinatorial therapies to suppress tumor growth and overcome drug resistance. Further research focusing on the multi-faceted interactions between PI3K/Akt signaling and ROS metabolism will undoubtedly contribute to novel insights into the extensive pro-oncogenic effects of this pathway, and the identification of exploitable vulnerabilities for the treatment of hyperactive PI3K/Akt tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Koundouros
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Preconditioning by Hydrogen Peroxide Enhances Multiple Properties of Human Decidua Basalis Mesenchymal Stem/Multipotent Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6480793. [PMID: 29795719 PMCID: PMC5949187 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6480793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies rely on stem cell ability to repair in an oxidative stress environment. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a stress environment has beneficial effects on their ability to repair injured tissues. We previously reported that MSCs from the decidua basalis (DBMSCs) of human placenta have many important cellular functions that make them potentially useful for cell-based therapies. Here, we studied the effect of DBMSC preconditioning to a stress environment. DBMSCs were exposed to various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and their functions were then assessed. DBMSC expression of immune molecules after preconditioning was also determined. DBMSC preconditioning with H2O2 enhanced their proliferation, colonogenicity, adhesion, and migration. In addition, DBMSCs regardless of H2O2 treatment displayed antiangiogenic activity. H2O2 preconditioning also increased DBMSC expression of genes that promote cellular functions and decreased the expression of genes, which have opposite effect on their functions. Preconditioning also reduced DBMSC expression of IL-1β, but had no effects on the expression of other immune molecules that promote proliferation, adhesion, and migration. These data show that DBMSCs resist a toxic environment, which adds to their potential as a candidate stem cell type for treating various diseases in hostile environments.
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28
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Hyter S, Hirst J, Pathak H, Pessetto ZY, Koestler DC, Raghavan R, Pei D, Godwin AK. Developing a genetic signature to predict drug response in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14828-14848. [PMID: 29599910 PMCID: PMC5871081 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of personalized treatment options for women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Outside of bevacizumab and a group of poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, few options are available to women that relapse. We propose that efficacious drug combinations can be determined via molecular characterization of ovarian tumors along with pre-established pharmacogenomic profiles of repurposed compounds. To that end, we selectively performed multiple two-drug combination treatments in ovarian cancer cell lines that included reactive oxygen species inducers and HSP90 inhibitors. This allowed us to select cell lines that exhibit disparate phenotypes of proliferative inhibition to a specific drug combination of auranofin and AUY922. We profiled altered mechanistic responses from these agents in both reactive oxygen species and HSP90 pathways, as well as investigated PRKCI and lncRNA expression in ovarian cancer cell line models. Generation of dual multi-gene panels implicated in resistance or sensitivity to this drug combination was produced using RNA sequencing data and the validity of the resistant signature was examined using high-density RT-qPCR. Finally, data mining for the prevalence of these signatures in a large-scale clinical study alluded to the prevalence of resistant genes in ovarian tumor biology. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput viability screens paired with reliable in silico data can promote the discovery of effective, personalized therapeutic options for a currently untreatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hyter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeff Hirst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ziyan Y Pessetto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dong Pei
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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29
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Perualila-Tan N, Kasim A, Talloen W, Verbist B, Göhlmann HWH, Shkedy Z. A joint modeling approach for uncovering associations between gene expression, bioactivity and chemical structure in early drug discovery to guide lead selection and genomic biomarker development. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2017; 15:291-304. [PMID: 27269248 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2014-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modern drug discovery process involves multiple sources of high-dimensional data. This imposes the challenge of data integration. A typical example is the integration of chemical structure (fingerprint features), phenotypic bioactivity (bioassay read-outs) data for targets of interest, and transcriptomic (gene expression) data in early drug discovery to better understand the chemical and biological mechanisms of candidate drugs, and to facilitate early detection of safety issues prior to later and expensive phases of drug development cycles. In this paper, we discuss a joint model for the transcriptomic and the phenotypic variables conditioned on the chemical structure. This modeling approach can be used to uncover, for a given set of compounds, the association between gene expression and biological activity taking into account the influence of the chemical structure of the compound on both variables. The model allows to detect genes that are associated with the bioactivity data facilitating the identification of potential genomic biomarkers for compounds efficacy. In addition, the effect of every structural feature on both genes and pIC50 and their associations can be simultaneously investigated. Two oncology projects are used to illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the joint model to integrate multi-source high-dimensional information to aid drug discovery.
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30
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SETD7 is a prognosis predicting factor of breast cancer and regulates redox homeostasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94080-94090. [PMID: 29212211 PMCID: PMC5706857 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SETD7 is a methyltransferase that specifically catalyzes the monomethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3. A variety of studies has revealed the role of SETD7 in posttranslational modifications of non-histone proteins. However, the prognostic value of SETD7 on breast cancer and the ability of SETD7 of regulating intrinsic redox homeostasis has never been investigated. In this study, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we revealed that SETD7 was a potential prognostic marker of breast cancer. Median survival time of patients with low SETD7 expression (18.1 years) was twice than that of SETD7 low-expressed patients (9.5 years). We demonstrated that SETD7 promoted tumor cell proliferation and prevented cell apoptosis and that SETD7 delicately maintained the redox homeostasis through regulating the levels of GSH/GSSG and ROS. Further studies indicated that SETD7 was a positive activator of KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. Using dual luciferase assay, we revealed the role of SETD7 as a transcriptional activator of antioxidant enzymes. Downregulation of SETD7 in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells impaired the expression of antioxidant enzymes and induces imbalance of redox status. Together, we proposed SETD7 as a prognostic marker of breast cancer and a novel antioxidant promoter under oxidative stress in breast cancer.
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31
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Zhang C, Liu J, Huang G, Zhao Y, Yue X, Wu H, Li J, Zhu J, Shen Z, Haffty BG, Hu W, Feng Z. Cullin3-KLHL25 ubiquitin ligase targets ACLY for degradation to inhibit lipid synthesis and tumor progression. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1956-70. [PMID: 27664236 PMCID: PMC5066239 DOI: 10.1101/gad.283283.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme for lipid synthesis, is frequently overexpressed or activated in cancer to promote lipid synthesis and tumor progression. Zhang et al. show that Cullin3 (CUL3), a core protein of the CUL3–RING ubiquitin ligase complex, interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25, to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. Through negative regulation of ACLY, CUL3 inhibits lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth in lung cancer cells. Increased lipid synthesis is a key characteristic of many cancers that is critical for cancer progression. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme for lipid synthesis, is frequently overexpressed or activated in cancer to promote lipid synthesis and tumor progression. Cullin3 (CUL3), a core protein for the CUL3–RING ubiquitin ligase complex, has been reported to be a tumor suppressor and frequently down-regulated in lung cancer. Here, we found that CUL3 interacts with ACLY through its adaptor protein, KLHL25 (Kelch-like family member 25), to ubiquitinate and degrade ACLY in cells. Through negative regulation of ACLY, CUL3 inhibits lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and xenograft tumor growth of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, ACLY inhibitor SB-204990 greatly abolishes the promoting effect of CUL3 down-regulation on lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Importantly, low CUL3 expression is associated with high ACLY expression and poor prognosis in human lung cancer. In summary, our results identify CUL3–KLHL25 ubiquitin ligase as a novel negative regulator for ACLY and lipid synthesis and demonstrate that decreased CUL3 expression is an important mechanism for increased ACLY expression and lipid synthesis in lung cancer. These results also reveal that negative regulation of ACLY and lipid synthesis is a novel and critical mechanism for CUL3 in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Grace Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New Jersey 10987, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, New Jersey 10987, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Bruce G Haffty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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32
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Lee JE, Kwon YJ, Baek HS, Ye DJ, Cho E, Choi HK, Oh KS, Chun YJ. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by combination treatment with mesupron and auranofin in human breast cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:746-759. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Hao C, Xu X, Ma J, Xia J, Dai B, Liu L, Ma Y. MicroRNA-124 regulates the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting TXNRD1. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2071-2078. [PMID: 28454363 PMCID: PMC5403322 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment remains one of the major modalities in the treatment of lung cancer. Although the majority of patients initially respond to treatment with radiation, resistance inevitably develops and leads to treatment failure. Therefore, the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms of radiation resistance may facilitate the development of novel approaches for overcoming resistance, and enhance the efficacy of treatment with radiation in lung and other types of cancer. In the present study we established three radiation-resistant sub-cell lines derived from the radiation-sensitive lung cancer cell line HCC827. Using a polymerase chain reaction microRNA (miRNA) array, multiple miRNAs were identified to be markedly downregulated in radiation-resistant cells, including miRNA (miR)-124, miR-191 and miR-205. It was observed that overexpression of miR-124 sensitized the resistant cells to treatment with radiation and that thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is a novel target of miR-124. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that knockdown of TXNRD1 using small interfering RNA increased the basal level of reactive oxygen species and sensitized the cells to radiation treatment. The results of the present study demonstrated that multiple miRNAs are downregulated in radiation-resistant lung cancer cells and that downregulation of miR-124 mediates radiation resistance through the targeting of TXNRD1 mRNA expression. The present study revealed a novel molecular mechanism of miRNA-mediated radiation resistance and identified miR-124-regulated TXNRD1 as a novel therapeutic target for overcoming radiation resistance in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Xiangying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233003, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Ma
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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34
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Li H, Hu J, Wu S, Wang L, Cao X, Zhang X, Dai B, Cao M, Shao R, Zhang R, Majidi M, Ji L, Heymach JV, Wang M, Pan S, Minna J, Mehran RJ, Swisher SG, Roth JA, Fang B. Auranofin-mediated inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3548-58. [PMID: 26657290 PMCID: PMC4823126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Auranofin, a gold complex that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinics and has documented pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in humans, has recently been investigated for its anticancer activity in leukemia and some solid cancers. However, auranofin's single agent activity in lung cancer is not well characterized. To determine whether auranofin has single agent activity in lung cancer, we evaluated auranofin's activity in a panel of 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Cell viability analysis revealed that auranofin induced growth inhibition in a subset of NSCLC cell lines with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) below 1.0 μM. Treatment with auranofin elicited apoptosis and necroptosis in auranofin-sensitive cell lines. Moreover, the susceptibility of NSCLC cells to auranofin was inversely correlated with TXNRD1 expression in the cells. Transient transfection of the TXNRD1-expressing plasmid in auranofin-sensitive Calu3 cells resulted in partial resistance, indicating that high TXNRD level is one of causal factors for resistance to auranofin. Further mechanistic characterization with proteomic analysis revealed that auranofin inhibits expression and/or phosphorylation of multiple key nodes in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, including S6, 4EBP1, Rictor, p70S6K, mTOR, TSC2, AKT and GSK3. Ectopic expression of TXNRD1 partially reversed auranofin-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition, suggesting that TXNRD1 may participate in the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Administration of auranofin to mice with xenograft tumors derived from NSCLC cells significantly suppressed tumor growth without inducing obvious toxic effects. Our results demonstrated feasibility of repurposing auranofin for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaobo Cao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mengru Cao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruping Shao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - John Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, The Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Reza J Mehran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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35
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Xiaobo C, Majidi M, Feng M, Shao R, Wang J, Zhao Y, Baladandayuthapani V, Song J, Fang B, Ji L, Mehran R, Roth JA. TUSC2(FUS1)-erlotinib Induced Vulnerabilities in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor(EGFR) Wildtype Non-small Cell Lung Cancer(NSCLC) Targeted by the Repurposed Drug Auranofin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35741. [PMID: 27845352 PMCID: PMC5109231 DOI: 10.1038/srep35741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the TUSC2/FUS1 tumor suppressor gene in TUSC2 deficient EGFR wildtype lung cancer cells increased sensitivity to erlotinib. Microarray mRNA expression analysis of TUSC2 inducible lung cancer cells treated with erlotinib uncovered defects in the response to oxidative stress suggesting that increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) would enhance therapeutic efficacy. Addition of the thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor (TXNRD1) auranofin (AF) to NSCLC cells treated with combination of TUSC2 forced expression with erlotinib increased tumor cell apoptosis and inhibited colony formation. TXNRD1 overexpression rescued tumors from AF-TUSC2-erlotinib induced apoptosis. Neutralizing ROS with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) abrogated cell death induced by AF-TUSC2-erlotinib, indicating a regulatory role for ROS in the efficacy of the three drug combination. Isobologram-based statistical analysis of this combination demonstrated superior synergism, compared with each individual treatment at lower concentrations. In NSCLC tumor xenografts, tumor growth was markedly inhibited and animal survival was prolonged over controls by AF-TUSC2-erlotinib. Microarray mRNA expression analysis uncovered oxidative stress and DNA damage gene signatures significantly upregulated by AF-TUSC2-erlotinib compared to TUSC2-erlotinib. Pathway analysis showed the highest positive z-score for the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response. Taken together these findings show that the combination of TUSC2-erlotinib induces additional novel vulnerabilities that can be targeted with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Xiaobo
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mourad Majidi
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Feng
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruping Shao
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Ji
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reza Mehran
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Section of Thoracic Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas (UT) MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Liu X, Li H, Liu L, Lu Y, Gao Y, Geng P, Li X, Huang B, Zhang Y, Lu J. Methylation of arginine by PRMT1 regulates Nrf2 transcriptional activity during the antioxidative response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2093-103. [PMID: 27183873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cap 'n' collar (CNC) family of transcription factors play important roles in resistance of oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Among the CNC family members, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is critical for regulating the antioxidant and phase II enzymes through antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transactivation. The activity of Nrf2 is controlled by a variety of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and sumoylation. Here we demonstrate that the arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) methylates Nrf2 protein at a single residue of arginine 437, both in vitro and in vivo. Using the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a model of phase II enzyme gene, we found that methylation of Nrf2 by PRMT1 led to a moderate increase of its DNA-binding activity and transactivation, which subsequently protected cells against the tBHP-induced glutathione depletion and cell death. Collectively, our results define a novel modification of Nrf2, which operates as a fine-tuning mechanism for the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 under the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingxia Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Pengyu Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130021, China.
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37
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Kim MS, Lee WS, Jin W. TrkB Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis via Suppression of Runx3 and Keap1 Expression. Mol Cells 2016; 39:258-65. [PMID: 26657794 PMCID: PMC4794608 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In metastatic breast cancer, the acquisition of malignant traits has been associated with the increased rate of cell growth and division, mobility, resistance to chemotherapy, and invasiveness. While screening for the key regulators of cancer metastasis, we observed that neurotrophin receptor TrkB is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer patients and breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, we demonstrate that TrkB expression and clinical breast tumor pathological phenotypes show significant correlation. Moreover, TrkB expression was significantly upregulated in basal-like, claudin-low, and metaplastic breast cancers from a published microarray database and in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, which is associated with a higher risk of invasive recurrence. Interestingly, we identified a new TrkB-regulated functional network that is important for the tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer. We demonstrated that TrkB plays a key role in regulation of the tumor suppressors Runx3 and Keap1. A markedly increased expression of Runx3 and Keap1 was observed upon knockdown of TrkB, treatment with a TrkB inhibitor, and in TrkB kinase dead mutants. Additionally, the inhibition of PI3K/AKT activation significantly induced Runx3 and Keap1 expression. Furthermore, we showed that TrkB enhances metastatic potential and induces proliferation. These observations suggest that TrkB plays a key role in tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer cells through suppression of Runx3 or Keap1 and that it is a promising target for future intervention strategies for preventing tumor metastasis and cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
| | - Won Sung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
| | - Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 405-760,
Korea
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Differences in Redox Regulatory Systems in Human Lung and Liver Tumors Suggest Different Avenues for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2262-76. [PMID: 26569310 PMCID: PMC4695889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A common characteristic of many cancer cells is that they suffer from oxidative stress. They, therefore, require effective redox regulatory systems to combat the higher levels of reactive oxygen species that accompany accelerated growth compared to the normal cells of origin. An elevated dependence on these systems in cancers suggests that targeting these systems may provide an avenue for retarding the malignancy process. Herein, we examined the redox regulatory systems in human liver and lung cancers by comparing human lung adenocarcinoma and liver carcinoma to their respective surrounding normal tissues. Significant differences were found in the two major redox systems, the thioredoxin and glutathione systems. Thioredoxin reductase 1 levels were elevated in both malignancies, but thioredoxin was highly upregulated in lung tumor and only slightly upregulated in liver tumor, while peroxiredoxin 1 was highly elevated in lung tumor, but downregulated in liver tumor. There were also major differences within the glutathione system between the malignancies and their normal tissues. The data suggest a greater dependence of liver on either the thioredoxin or glutathione system to drive the malignancy, while lung cancer appeared to depend primarily on the thioredoxin system.
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Zou P, Chen M, Ji J, Chen W, Chen X, Ying S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Yang S, Liang G. Auranofin induces apoptosis by ROS-mediated ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and displayed synergistic lethality with piperlongumine in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36505-21. [PMID: 26431378 PMCID: PMC4742192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world. In addressing the need of treatments for relapsed disease, we report the identification of an existing U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drug to repurpose for GC treatment. Auranofin (AF), clinically used to treat rheumatic arthritis, but it exhibited preclinical efficacy in GC cells. By increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, AF induces a lethal endoplasmic reticulum stress response and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured GC cells. Blockage of ROS production reversed AF-induced ER stress and mitochondrial pathways activation as well as apoptosis. In addition, AF displays synergistic lethality with an ROS-generating agent piperlongumine, which is a natural product isolated from the long pepper Piper longum L. Taken together, this work provides a novel anticancer candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer. More importantly, it reveals that increased ROS generation might be an effective strategy in treating human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Minxiao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shilong Ying
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Junru Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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The Overexpression of FEN1 and RAD54B May Act as Independent Prognostic Factors of Lung Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139435. [PMID: 26431531 PMCID: PMC4592204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of mutations in two or more genes leads to cell death. However, the prognostic role of concordant overexpression of synthetic lethality genes in protein level rather than a combination of mutations is not clear. In this study, we explore the prognostic role of combined overexpression of paired genes in lung adenocarcinoma. We used immunohistochemical staining to investigate 24 paired genes in 93 lung adenocarcinoma patients and Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate their prognostic roles. Among 24 paired genes, only FEN1 (Flap endonuclease 1) and RAD54B (RAD54 homolog B) were overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients with poor prognosis. Patients with expression of both FEN1 and RAD54B were prone to have advanced nodal involvement and significantly poor prognosis (HR = 2.35, P = 0.0230). These results suggest that intensive follow up and targeted therapy might improve clinical outcome for patients who show expression of both FEN1 and RAD54B.
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41
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Liu N, Huang H, Dou QP, Liu J. Inhibition of 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases by metal-containing compounds. Oncoscience 2015; 2:457-66. [PMID: 26097878 PMCID: PMC4468331 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper and gold complexes have clinical activity in several diseases including cancer. Recently, we have reported that the anti-cancer activity of copper (II) pyrithione CuPT and gold (I) complex auranofin is associated with targeting the 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs), UCHL5 and USP14. Here we discuss metal DUB inhibitors in treating cancer and other diseases. (from Editor). Several copper and gold complexes have clinical activity in treating some human diseases including cancer. Recently, we have reported that the anti-cancer activity of copper (II) pyrithione CuPT and gold (I) complex auranofin is tightly associated with their ability to target and inhibit the 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs), UCHL5 and USP14. In this article we review small molecule inhibitors of DUBs and 19S proteasome-associated DUBs. We then describe and discuss the ubique nature of CuPT and auranofin, which is inhibition of 19S proteasome-associated UCHL5 and USP14. We finally suggest the potential to develop novel, specific metal-based DUB inhibitors for treating cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China ; Guangzhou Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbiao Huang
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China ; The Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
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42
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Zhao Y, Hu Q, Cheng F, Su N, Wang A, Zou Y, Hu H, Chen X, Zhou HM, Huang X, Yang K, Zhu Q, Wang X, Yi J, Zhu L, Qian X, Chen L, Tang Y, Loscalzo J, Yang Y. SoNar, a Highly Responsive NAD+/NADH Sensor, Allows High-Throughput Metabolic Screening of Anti-tumor Agents. Cell Metab 2015; 21:777-89. [PMID: 25955212 PMCID: PMC4427571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The altered metabolism of tumor cells confers a selective advantage for survival and proliferation, and studies have shown that targeting such metabolic shifts may be a useful therapeutic strategy. We developed an intensely fluorescent, rapidly responsive, pH-resistant, genetically encoded sensor of wide dynamic range, denoted SoNar, for tracking cytosolic NAD(+) and NADH redox states in living cells and in vivo. SoNar responds to subtle perturbations of various pathways of energy metabolism in real time, and allowed high-throughput screening for new agents targeting tumor metabolism. Among > 5,500 unique compounds, we identified KP372-1 as a potent NQO1-mediated redox cycling agent that produced extreme oxidative stress, selectively induced cancer cell apoptosis, and effectively decreased tumor growth in vivo. This study demonstrates that genetically encoded sensor-based metabolic screening could serve as a valuable approach for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Zhao
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingxun Hu
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ni Su
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yejun Zou
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hanyang Hu
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hai-Meng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Xinzhi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 S. Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 S. Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 S. Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201615, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Optogenetics & Molecular Imaging Interdisciplinary Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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43
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Leinonen HM, Kansanen E, Pölönen P, Heinäniemi M, Levonen AL. Role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 122:281-320. [PMID: 24974185 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420117-0.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is one of the major signaling cascades involved in cell defense and survival against endogenous and exogenous stress. While Nrf2 and its target genes provide protection against various age-related diseases including tumorigenesis, constitutively active Nrf2 in cancer cells increases the expression of cytoprotective genes and, consequently, enhances proliferation via metabolic reprogramming and inhibition of apoptosis. Herein, we review the current understanding of the regulation of Nrf2 in normal cells as well as its dual role in cancer. Furthermore, the mechanisms of Nrf2 dysregulation in cancer, consequences of unchecked Nrf2 activity, and therapies targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Leinonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Pölönen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland.
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44
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Rotblat B, Grunewald TGP, Leprivier G, Melino G, Knight RA. Anti-oxidative stress response genes: bioinformatic analysis of their expression and relevance in multiple cancers. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2577-90. [PMID: 24342878 PMCID: PMC3926850 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells mount a transcriptional anti-oxidative stress (AOS) response program to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that arise from chemical, physical, and metabolic challenges. This protective program has been shown to reduce carcinogenesis triggered by chemical and physical insults. However, it is also hijacked by established cancers to thrive and proliferate within the hostile tumor microenvironment and to gain resistance against chemo- and radiotherapies. Therefore, targeting the AOS response proteins that are exploited by cancer cells is an attractive therapeutic strategy. In order to identify the AOS genes that are suspected to support cancer progression and resistance, we analyzed the expression patterns of 285 genes annotated for being involved in oxidative stress in 994 tumors and 353 normal tissues. Thereby we identified a signature of 116 genes that are highly overexpressed in multiple carcinomas while being only minimally expressed in normal tissues. To establish which of these genes are more likely to functionally drive cancer resistance and progression, we further identified those whose overexpression correlates with negative patient outcome in breast and lung carcinoma. Gene-set enrichment, GO, network, and pathway analyses revealed that members of the thioredoxin and glutathione pathways are prominent components of this oncogenic signature and that activation of these pathways is common feature of many cancer entities. Interestingly, a large fraction of these AOS genes are downstream targets of the transcription factors NRF2, NF-kappaB and FOXM1, and relay on NADPH for their enzymatic activities highlighting promising drug targets. We discuss these findings and propose therapeutic strategies that may be applied to overcome cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rotblat
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
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The single N-glycan deletion mutant of soluble ErbB3 protein attenuates heregulin β1-induced tumor progression by blocking of the HIF-1 and Nrf2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:364-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
![]()
The
concept of synthetic lethality (the creation of a lethal phenotype
from the combined effects of mutations in two or more genes) has recently
been exploited in various efforts to develop new genotype-selective
anticancer therapeutics. These efforts include screening for novel
anticancer agents, identifying novel therapeutic targets, characterizing
mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy, and improving efficacies
through the rational design of combination therapy. This review discusses
recent developments in synthetic lethality anticancer therapeutics,
including poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors for BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutant cancers, checkpoint inhibitors
for p53 mutant cancers, and small molecule agents targeting RAS gene mutant cancers. Because cancers are caused by mutations
in multiple genes and abnormalities in multiple signaling pathways,
synthetic lethality for a specific tumor suppressor gene or oncogene
is likely cell context-dependent. Delineation of the mechanisms underlying
synthetic lethality and identification of treatment response biomarkers
will be critical for the success of synthetic lethality anticancer
therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 1489, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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47
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Kohno T, Tsuchihara K, Ogiwara H, Ichikawa H. RET and other genes: therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer Manag 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.13.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY: The RET fusion gene was recently identified as a new druggable driver gene present in 1–2% of lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs). Vandetanib (ZD6474) and cabozantininb (XL184), two RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved by US FDA for the therapy of medullary thyroid cancer, have demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness in a few RET fusion-positive LADC patients. Several clinical trials are under way to address the therapeutic effects of RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including these two drugs. Multiplex diagnosis of aberrations in druggable driver oncogenes, such as EGFR, ALK, RET, ROS1, HER2/ERBB2, BRAF and others, in clinical samples will facilitate the design of personalized therapies for LADC based on protein kinase inhibitors. The development of therapeutic methods targeting aberrations of other genes, such as chromatin remodeling genes, is necessary to further improve the treatment of LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 & 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 & 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ogiwara
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 & 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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Kitano H, Chung JY, Ylaya K, Conway C, Takikita M, Fukuoka J, Doki Y, Hanaoka J, Hewitt SM. Profiling of phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, phospho-MAPK and EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:335-46. [PMID: 24487999 PMCID: PMC4005365 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414523022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of numerous pathways has been documented in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a common therapeutic target. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways are downstream of EGFR and deregulated via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in many human cancers. We evaluated selected markers in the EGFR pathway with reference to outcome. Tissues from 220 cases of NSCLC patients presented in a tissue microarray were assayed with immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated MAPK, phosphorylated mTOR, and EGFR and then quantified by automated image analysis. Individually, the biomarkers did not predict. Combined as ratios, p-mTOR/p-AKT, and p-MAPK/EGFR function as prognostic markers of survival (p=0.008 and p=0.029, respectively), however, no significance was found after adjustment (p=0.221, p=0.103). The sum of these ratios demonstrates a stronger correlation with survival (p<0.001) and remained statistically significant after adjustment (p=0.026). The algebraic combination of biomarkers offer the capacity to understand factors that predict outcome better than current approaches of evaluating biomarkers individually or in pairs. Our results show the sum of p-mTOR/p-AKT and p-MAPK/EGFR is a potential predictive marker of survival in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Kitano
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (HK, JYC, KY, CC, SMH)
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