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Dai T, Rich LJ, Seshadri M, Dasgupta S. Protocol to detect and quantify tumor hypoxia in mice using photoacoustic imaging. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102993. [PMID: 38568814 PMCID: PMC10999710 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with co-registered ultrasound (US) is a hybrid non-invasive imaging modality that enables visualization and quantification of tumor hypoxia in live animals. Here, using a breast tumor xenograft model as an example, we present a stepwise protocol describing animal preparation, positioning, instrument setup, and US-PAI image acquisition procedures. This protocol also guides through detailed data analysis, explains functional readouts obtained from PAI, and discusses the potential application of the technology to study the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dai et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dai
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Laurie J Rich
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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2
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Singh N, Chérin E, Roa CF, Soenjaya Y, Wodlinger B, Zheng G, Wilson BC, Foster FS, Demore CEM. Adaptation of a Clinical High-Frequency Transrectal Ultrasound System for Prostate Photoacoustic Imaging: Implementation and Pre-clinical Demonstration. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:457-466. [PMID: 38238200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-frequency, high-resolution transrectal micro-ultrasound (micro-US: ≥15 MHz) imaging of the prostate is emerging as a beneficial tool for scoring disease risk and accurately targeting biopsies. Adding photoacoustic (PA) imaging to visualize abnormal vascularization and accumulation of contrast agents in tumors has potential for guiding focal therapies. In this work, we describe a new imaging platform that combines a transrectal micro-US system with transurethral light delivery for PA imaging. METHODS A clinical transrectal micro-US system was adapted to acquire PA images synchronous to a tunable laser pulse. A transurethral side-firing optical fiber was developed for light delivery. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-plastisol phantom was developed and characterized to image PA contrast agents in wall-less channels. After resolution measurement in water, PA imaging was demonstrated in phantom channels with dyes and biodegradable nanoparticle contrast agents called porphysomes. In vivo imaging of a tumor model was performed, with porphysomes administered intravenously. RESULTS Photoacoustic imaging data were acquired at 5 Hz, and image reconstruction was performed offline. PA image resolution at a 14-mm depth was 74 and 261 μm in the axial and lateral directions, respectively. The speed of sound in PVC-plastisol was 1383 m/s, and the attenuation was 4 dB/mm at 20 MHz. PA signal from porphysomes was spectrally unmixed from blood signals in the tumor, and a signal increase was observed 3 h after porphysome injection. CONCLUSION A combined transrectal micro-US and PA imaging system was developed and characterized, and in vivo imaging demonstrated. High-resolution PA imaging may provide valuable additional information for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Carlos-Felipe Roa
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Stuart Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine E M Demore
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Fadhel MN, Appak Baskoy S, Wang Y, Hysi E, Kolios MC. Use of photoacoustic imaging for monitoring vascular disrupting cancer treatments. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202000209. [PMID: 32888381 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents disrupt tumor vessels, blocking the nutritional and oxygen supply tumors need to thrive. This is achieved by damaging the endothelium lining of blood vessels, resulting in red blood cells (RBCs) entering the tumor parenchyma. RBCs present in the extracellular matrix are exposed to external stressors resulting in biochemical and physiological changes. The detection of these changes can be used to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatments. Spectroscopic photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an ideal candidate for probing RBCs due to their high optical absorption relative to surrounding tissue. The goal of this work is to use PA imaging to monitor the efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) through quantitative analysis. Then, 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the left hind leg of eight BALB/c mice. After 10 days, half of the mice were treated with 15 mg/kg of DMXAA and the other half were injected with saline. All mice were imaged using the VevoLAZR X PA system before treatment, 24 and 72 hours after treatment. The imaging was done at six wavelengths and linear spectral unmixing was applied to the PA images to quantify three forms of hemoglobin (oxy, deoxy and met-hemoglobin). After imaging, tumors were histologically processed and H&E and TUNEL staining were used to detect the tissue damage induced by the DMXAA treatment. The total hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged after treatment for the saline treated mice. For DMXAA treated mice, a 10% increase of deoxyhemoglobin concentration was detected 24 hours after treatment and a 22.6% decrease in total hemoglobin concentration was observed by 72 hours. A decrease in the PA spectral slope parameters was measured 24 hours after treatment. This suggests that DMXAA induces vascular damage, causing red blood cells to extravasate. Furthermore, H&E staining of the tumor showed areas of bleeding with erythrocyte deposition. These observations are further supported by the increase in TUNEL staining in DMXAA treated tumors, revealing increased cell death due to vascular disruption. This study demonstrates the capability of PA imaging to monitor tumor vessel disruption by the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad N Fadhel
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sila Appak Baskoy
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eno Hysi
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Molecular MRI-Based Monitoring of Cancer Immunotherapy Treatment Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043151. [PMID: 36834563 PMCID: PMC9959624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy constitutes a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. Its FDA approval for several indications has yielded improved prognosis for cases where traditional therapy has shown limited efficiency. However, many patients still fail to benefit from this treatment modality, and the exact mechanisms responsible for tumor response are unknown. Noninvasive treatment monitoring is crucial for longitudinal tumor characterization and the early detection of non-responders. While various medical imaging techniques can provide a morphological picture of the lesion and its surrounding tissue, a molecular-oriented imaging approach holds the key to unraveling biological effects that occur much earlier in the immunotherapy timeline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly versatile imaging modality, where the image contrast can be tailored to emphasize a particular biophysical property of interest using advanced engineering of the imaging pipeline. In this review, recent advances in molecular-MRI based cancer immunotherapy monitoring are described. Next, the presentation of the underlying physics, computational, and biological features are complemented by a critical analysis of the results obtained in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, emerging artificial intelligence (AI)-based strategies to further distill, quantify, and interpret the image-based molecular MRI information are discussed in terms of perspectives for the future.
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5
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Lefebvre TL, Brown E, Hacker L, Else T, Oraiopoulou ME, Tomaszewski MR, Jena R, Bohndiek SE. The Potential of Photoacoustic Imaging in Radiation Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803777. [PMID: 35311156 PMCID: PMC8928467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is recognized globally as a mainstay of treatment in most solid tumors and is essential in both curative and palliative settings. Ionizing radiation is frequently combined with surgery, either preoperatively or postoperatively, and with systemic chemotherapy. Recent advances in imaging have enabled precise targeting of solid lesions yet substantial intratumoral heterogeneity means that treatment planning and monitoring remains a clinical challenge as therapy response can take weeks to manifest on conventional imaging and early indications of progression can be misleading. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality for molecular imaging of cancer, enabling non-invasive assessment of endogenous tissue chromophores with optical contrast at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. Preclinical studies in mouse models have shown that PAI could be used to assess response to radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy based on changes in the tumor vascular architecture and blood oxygen saturation, which are closely linked to tumor hypoxia. Given the strong relationship between hypoxia and radio-resistance, PAI assessment of the tumor microenvironment has the potential to be applied longitudinally during radiotherapy to detect resistance at much earlier time-points than currently achieved by size measurements and tailor treatments based on tumor oxygen availability and vascular heterogeneity. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in PAI in the context of radiotherapy research. Based on these studies, we identify promising applications of PAI in radiation oncology and discuss the future potential and outstanding challenges in the development of translational PAI biomarkers of early response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry L. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Else
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal R. Tomaszewski
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rajesh Jena
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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LENG X, HUANG G, MA F, DING J. Correlation between the characteristics of ultrasonic contrast and the regional distribution of tumor vascular heterogeneity in breast cancer. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.40320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling LENG
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Guofu HUANG
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Fucheng MA
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Jianbing DING
- College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, China
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7
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Bar-Zion A, Nourmahnad A, Mittelstein DR, Shivaei S, Yoo S, Buss MT, Hurt RC, Malounda D, Abedi MH, Lee-Gosselin A, Swift MB, Maresca D, Shapiro MG. Acoustically triggered mechanotherapy using genetically encoded gas vesicles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1403-1412. [PMID: 34580468 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular engineering and synthetic biology provide biomolecular and cell-based therapies with a high degree of molecular specificity, but limited spatiotemporal control. Here we show that biomolecules and cells can be engineered to deliver potent mechanical effects at specific locations inside the body through ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation. This capability is enabled by gas vesicles, a unique class of genetically encodable air-filled protein nanostructures. We show that low-frequency ultrasound can convert these biomolecules into micrometre-scale cavitating bubbles, unleashing strong local mechanical effects. This enables engineered gas vesicles to serve as remotely actuated cell-killing and tissue-disrupting agents, and allows genetically engineered cells to lyse, release molecular payloads and produce local mechanical damage on command. We demonstrate the capabilities of biomolecular inertial cavitation in vitro, in cellulo and in vivo, including in a mouse model of tumour-homing probiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinoam Bar-Zion
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Atousa Nourmahnad
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R Mittelstein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Shivaei
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie T Buss
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad H Abedi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Lee-Gosselin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Margaret B Swift
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Maresca
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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8
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Liapis E, Karlas A, Klemm U, Ntziachristos V. Chemotherapeutic effects on breast tumor hemodynamics revealed by eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT). Theranostics 2021; 11:7813-7828. [PMID: 34335966 PMCID: PMC8315054 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic tumor responses to chemotherapy could provide unique insights into the development of therapeutic resistance and inform therapeutic decision-making in the clinic. Methods: Here, we examined the longitudinal and dynamic effects of the common chemotherapeutic drug Taxotere on breast tumor (KPL-4) blood volume and oxygen saturation using eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) imaging over a period of 41 days. Tumor vascular function was assessed by dynamic oxygen-enhanced eMSOT (OE-eMSOT). The obtained in vivo optoacoustic data were thoroughly validated by ex vivo cryoimaging and immunohistochemical staining against markers of vascularity and hypoxia. Results: We provide the first preclinical evidence that prolonged treatment with Taxotere causes a significant drop in mean whole tumor oxygenation. Furthermore, application of OE-eMSOT showed a diminished vascular response in Taxotere-treated tumors and revealed the presence of static blood pools, indicating increased vascular permeability. Conclusion: Our work has important translational implications and supports the feasibility of eMSOT imaging for non-invasive assessment of tumor microenvironmental responses to chemotherapy.
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Li H, Wu Z, Zhang J, Sun X, Duan F, Yao J, Sun M, Zhang J, Nie L. Instant Ultrasound-Evoked Precise Nanobubble Explosion and Deep Photodynamic Therapy for Tumors Guided by Molecular Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21097-21107. [PMID: 33908256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubbles (NBs) have recently gained interest in cancer imaging and therapy due to the fact that nanoparticles with the size range of 1-1000 nm can extravasate into permeable tumor types through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, the therapeutic study of NBs was only limited to drug delivery or cavitation. Herein, we developed ultrasound-evoked massive NB explosion to strikingly damage the surrounding cancer. The dual-function agent allows synergistic mechanical impact and photodynamic therapy of the tumors and enhances imaging contrast. Moreover, the mechanical explosion improved the light delivery efficiency in biological tissue to promote the effect of photodynamic therapy. Under ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging guidance, we induced on-the-spot bubble explosion and photodynamic therapy of tumors at a depth of centimeters in vivo. The mechanical impact of the explosion can enhance delivery of the photosensitizers. Ultrasound explicitly revealed the cancer morphology and exhibited fast NB perfusion. Generated mechanical damage and release of mixture agents demonstrated remarkable synergetic anticancer effects on deep tumors. This finding also offers a new approach and insight into treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences & Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinde Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Photoacoustic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Nie
- Research Center of Medical Sciences & Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Keša P, Pokorná E, Grajciarová M, Tonar Z, Vočková P, Trochet P, Kopeček M, Jakša R, Šefc L, Klener P. Quantitative In Vivo Monitoring of Hypoxia and Vascularization of Patient-Derived Murine Xenografts of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Using Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1099-1107. [PMID: 33455807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor oxygenation and vascularization are important parameters that determine the aggressiveness of the tumor and its resistance to cancer therapies. We introduce dual-modality ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (US-PAI) for the direct, non-invasive real-time in vivo evaluation of oxygenation and vascularization of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of B-cell mantle cell lymphomas. The different optical properties of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin make it possible to determine oxygen saturation (sO2) in tissues using PAI. High-frequency color Doppler imaging enables the visualization of blood flow with high resolution. Tumor oxygenation and vascularization were studied in vivo during the growth of three different subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lymphomas (VFN-M1, VFN-M2 and VFN-M5 R1). Similar values of sO2 (sO2 Vital), determined from US-PAI volumetric analysis, were obtained in small and large VFN-M1 tumors ranging from 37.9 ± 2.2 to 40.5 ± 6.0 sO2 Vital (%) and 37.5 ± 4.0 to 35.7 ± 4.6 sO2 Vital (%) for small and large VFN-M2 PDXs. In contrast, the higher sO2 Vital values ranging from 57.1 ± 4.8 to 40.8 ± 5.7 sO2 Vital (%) (small to large) of VFN-M5 R1 tumors corresponds with the higher aggressiveness of that PDX model. The different tumor percentage vascularization (assessed as micro-vessel areas) of VFN-M1, VFN-M2 and VFN-M5 R1 obtained by color Doppler (2.8 ± 0.1%, 3.8 ± 0.8% and 10.3 ± 2.7%) in large-stage tumors clearly corresponds with their diverse growth and aggressiveness. The data obtained by color Doppler were validated by histology. In conclusion, US-PAI rapidly and accurately provided relevant and reproducible information on tissue oxygenation in PDX tumors in real time without the need for a contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keša
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Pokorná
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Grajciarová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vočková
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; First Department of Medicine-Hematology, University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Radek Jakša
- Institute of Pathology, University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Šefc
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; First Department of Medicine-Hematology, University General Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Qiao J, Li J, Wang L, Guo X, Bian X, Lu Z. Predictive risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis using preoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in early-stage breast cancer patients. Gland Surg 2021; 10:761-769. [PMID: 33708558 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard procedure for axillary staging in clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer patients. The positive rate of SLNs in cN0 stage patients ranges from 20.5% to 25.5%, so identifying appropriate candidates for SLNB is quite challenging. The aims of this study were to assess whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could be utilized to noninvasively predict SLN metastasis, and to explore the predictive value of the involved factors. Methods Between May 2016 and May 2018, 217 consenting breast cancer patients undergoing SLNB were enrolled. Before the surgery, CEUS was utilized to identify the SLNs, and predict whether metastasis had occurred according to their enhancement pattern. Blue dye was also used to identify the SLNs during SLNB. The rates of identification and accuracy of both methods were recorded. The predictive outcomes of SLNs identified by CEUS were recorded and compared with the pathological diagnosis. Results Of the 217 cases, SLNs in 212 cases were successfully identified, comprising 208 cases identified by CEUS and 206 cases by blue dye, with no significant difference between the two methods (P=0.6470). A total of 78 cases were predicted SLN-positive preoperatively by CEUS, comprising 61 cases of SLN metastasis confirmed by pathology and 17 cases of no SLN metastasis, and 130 cases were predicted SLN-negative by CEUS, comprising 6 cases of SLN metastasis and 124 cases of no SLN metastasis. The sensitivity of CEUS preoperative prediction was 91.0%, the specificity was 87.9%, the positive and negative predictive values were 78.2% and 95.4%, respectively, and the accuracy was 88.9%. The maximum diameter size of positive SLNs predicted by CEUS was greater than that of negative SLNs (mean value 1.67±0.06 vs. 1.40±0.05 cm, P=0.0007). Similarly, the primary tumor size predicted SLN-positive by CEUS was greater than that in patients with negative SLNs (mean value 2.64±0.12 vs. 1.79±0.09 cm, P<0.0001). Conclusions CEUS accurately identified SLNs and can be used to noninvasively predict SLN metastasis in early-stage breast cancer patients. However, the primary tumor size and the SLN size should not be overlooked by clinicians when judging the status of SLNs. This novel method may be a recommended strategy for identifying appropriate SLNB candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Bian
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenduo Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Hysi E, Fadhel MN, Wang Y, Sebastian JA, Giles A, Czarnota GJ, Exner AA, Kolios MC. Photoacoustic imaging biomarkers for monitoring biophysical changes during nanobubble-mediated radiation treatment. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100201. [PMID: 32775198 PMCID: PMC7393572 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel anticancer therapies warrants the parallel development of biomarkers that can quantify their effectiveness. Photoacoustic imaging has the potential to measure changes in tumor vasculature during treatment. Establishing the accuracy of imaging biomarkers requires direct comparisons with gold histological standards. In this work, we explore whether a new class of submicron, vascular disrupting, ultrasonically stimulated nanobubbles enhance radiation therapy. In vivo experiments were conducted on mice bearing prostate cancer tumors. Combined nanobubble plus radiation treatments were compared against conventional microbubbles and radiation alone (single 8 Gy fraction). Acoustic resolution photoacoustic imaging was used to monitor the effects of the treatments 2- and 24-hs post-administration. Histological examination provided metrics of tumor vascularity and tumoral cell death, both of which were compared to photoacoustic-derived biomarkers. Photoacoustic metrics of oxygen saturation reveal a 20 % decrease in oxygenation within 24 h post-treatment. The spectral slope metric could separate the response of the nanobubble treatments from the microbubble counterparts. This study shows that histopathological assessment correlated well with photoacoustic biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eno Hysi
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Insitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhannad N. Fadhel
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Insitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Insitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Sebastian
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Insitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Deparment of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Czarnota
- Deparment of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Deparment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Agata A. Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Insitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Recent advances in applications of multimodal ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging technology. Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art 2020; 3:24. [PMID: 33083889 PMCID: PMC7575676 DOI: 10.1186/s42492-020-00061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is often performed simultaneously with ultrasound imaging and can provide functional and cellular information regarding the tissues in the anatomical markers of the imaging. This paper describes in detail the basic principles of photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) imaging and its application in recent years. It includes near-infrared-region PA, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimode imaging techniques. Particular attention is given to the relationship between PAI and ultrasonic imaging; the latest high-frequency PA/US imaging of small animals, which involves not only B-mode, but also color Doppler mode, power Doppler mode, and nonlinear imaging mode; the ultrasonic model combined with PAI, including the formation of multimodal imaging; the preclinical imaging methods; and the most effective detection methods for clinical research for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- VisualSonics Business Department, FUJIFILM (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- VisualSonics Business Department, FUJIFILM (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ye Xu
- VisualSonics Business Department, FUJIFILM (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200120, China
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14
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Liapis E, Klemm U, Karlas A, Reber J, Ntziachristos V. Resolution of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Bevacizumab-Treated Breast Tumors by Eigenspectra Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5291-5304. [PMID: 32994204 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding temporal and spatial hemodynamic heterogeneity as a function of tumor growth or therapy affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we employed eigenspectra multispectral optoacoustic tomography (eMSOT) as a next-generation optoacoustic method to impart high accuracy in resolving tumor hemodynamics during bevacizumab therapy in two types of breast cancer xenografts (KPL-4 and MDA-MB-468). Patterns of tumor total hemoglobin concentration (THb) and oxygen saturation (sO2) were imaged in control and bevacizumab-treated tumors over the course of 58 days (KPL-4) and 16 days (MDA-MB-468), and the evolution of functional vasculature "normalization" was resolved macroscopically. An initial sharp drop in tumor sO2 and THb content shortly after the initiation of bevacizumab treatment was followed by a recovery in oxygenation levels. Rim-core subregion analysis revealed steep spatial oxygenation gradients in growing tumors that were reduced after bevacizumab treatment. Critically, eMSOT imaging findings were validated directly by histopathologic assessment of hypoxia (pimonidazole) and vascularity (CD31). These data demonstrate how eMSOT brings new abilities for accurate observation of entire tumor responses to challenges at spatial and temporal dimensions not available by other techniques today. SIGNIFICANCE: Accurate assessment of hypoxia and vascularization over space and time is critical for understanding tumor development and the role of spatial heterogeneity in tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Liapis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Reber
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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15
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Slikboer S, Naperstkow Z, Janzen N, Faraday A, Soenjaya Y, Le Floc'h J, Al-Karmi S, Swann R, Wyszatko K, Demore CEM, Foster S, Valliant JF. Tetrazine-Derived Near-Infrared Dye as a Facile Reagent for Developing Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging Agents. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3369-3377. [PMID: 32697098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new photoacoustic (PA) dye was developed as a simple-to-use reagent for creating targeted PA imaging agents. The lead molecule was prepared via an efficient two-step synthesis from an inexpensive commercially available starting material. With the dye's innate albumin-binding properties, the resulting tetrazine-derived dye is capable of localizing to tumor and exhibits a biological half-life of a few hours, allowing for an optimized distribution profile. The presence of tetrazine in turn makes it possible to link the albumin-binding optoacoustic signaling agent to a wide range of targeting molecules. To demonstrate the utility and ease of use of the platform, a novel PA probe for imaging calcium accretion was generated using a single-step bioorthogonal coupling reaction where high-resolution PA images of the knee joint in mice were obtained as early as 1 h post injection. Whole-body distribution was subsequently determined by labeling the probe with 99mTc and performing tissue counting following necropsy. These studies, along with tumor imaging and in vitro albumin binding studies, revealed that the core PA contrast agent can be imaged in vivo and can be easily linked to targeting molecules for organ-specific uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slikboer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Zoya Naperstkow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Amber Faraday
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Yohannes Soenjaya
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Johann Le Floc'h
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Salma Al-Karmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Rowan Swann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kevin Wyszatko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Christine E M Demore
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Stuart Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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16
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Xavierselvan M, Singh MKA, Mallidi S. In Vivo Tumor Vascular Imaging with Light Emitting Diode-Based Photoacoustic Imaging System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4503. [PMID: 32806575 PMCID: PMC7472236 DOI: 10.3390/s20164503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has shown tremendous promise for imaging tumor vasculature and its function at deeper penetration depths without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Traditional PA imaging systems employ expensive and bulky class IV lasers with low pulse repetition rate, due to which its availability for preclinical cancer research is hampered. In this study, we evaluated the capability of a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-based PA and ultrasound (US) imaging system for monitoring heterogeneous microvasculature in tumors (up to 10 mm in depth) and quantitatively compared the PA images with gold standard histology images. We used a combination of a 7 MHz linear array US transducer and 850 nm excitation wavelength LED arrays to image blood vessels in a subcutaneous tumor model. After imaging, the tumors were sectioned and stained for endothelial cells to correlate with PA images across similar cross-sections. Analysis of 30 regions of interest in tumors from different mice showed a statistically significant R-value of 0.84 where the areas with high blood vessel density had high PA response while low blood vessel density regions had low PA response. Our results confirm that LED-based PA and US imaging can provide 2D and 3D images of tumor vasculature and the potential it has as a valuable tool for preclinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Xavierselvan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Mithun Kuniyil Ajith Singh
- Research & Business Development Division, Cyberdyne INC, Cambridge Innovation Center, 3013 Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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17
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Shrestha B, DeLuna F, Anastasio MA, Yong Ye J, Brey EM. Photoacoustic Imaging in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:79-102. [PMID: 31854242 PMCID: PMC7041335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several imaging modalities are available for investigation of the morphological, functional, and molecular features of engineered tissues in small animal models. While research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) would benefit from a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of new strategies, researchers have not always applied the most advanced methods. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly emerging modality that has received significant attention due to its ability to exploit the strong endogenous contrast of optical methods with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound methods. Exogenous contrast agents can also be used in PAI for targeted imaging. Applications of PAI relevant to TERM include stem cell tracking, longitudinal monitoring of scaffolds in vivo, and evaluation of vascularization. In addition, the emerging capabilities of PAI applied to the detection and monitoring of cancer and other inflammatory diseases could be exploited by tissue engineers. This article provides an overview of the operating principles of PAI and its broad potential for application in TERM. Impact statement Photoacoustic imaging, a new hybrid imaging technique, has demonstrated high potential in the clinical diagnostic applications. The optical and acoustic aspect of the photoacoustic imaging system works in harmony to provide better resolution at greater tissue depth. Label-free imaging of vasculature with this imaging can be used to track and monitor disease, as well as the therapeutic progression of treatment. Photoacoustic imaging has been utilized in tissue engineering to some extent; however, the full benefit of this technique is yet to be explored. The increasing availability of commercial photoacoustic systems will make application as an imaging tool for tissue engineering application more feasible. This review first provides a brief description of photoacoustic imaging and summarizes its current and potential application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Frank DeLuna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jing Yong Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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18
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Bam R, Lown PS, Stern LA, Sharma K, Wilson KE, Bean GR, Lutz AM, Paulmurugan R, Hackel BJ, Dahl J, Abou-Elkacem L. Efficacy of Affibody-Based Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Vascular B7-H3 for Breast Cancer Detection. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2140-2150. [PMID: 31924738 PMCID: PMC7196517 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human B7-H3 (hB7-H3) is a promising molecular imaging target differentially expressed on the neovasculature of breast cancer and has been validated for preclinical ultrasound (US) imaging with anti-B7-H3-antibody-functionalized microbubbles (MB). However, smaller ligands such as affibodies (ABY) are more suitable for the design of clinical-grade targeted MB. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding of ABYB7-H3 was confirmed with soluble and cell-surface B7-H3 by flow cytometry. MB were functionalized with ABYB7-H3 or anti-B7-H3-antibody (AbB7-H3). Control and targeted MB were tested for binding to hB7-H3-expressing cells (MS1hB7-H3) under shear stress conditions. US imaging was performed with MBABY-B7-H3 in an orthotopic mouse model of human MDA-MB-231 coimplanted with MS1hB7-H3 or control MS1WT cells and a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer development. RESULTS ABYB7-H3 specifically binds to MS1hB7-H3 and murine-B7-H3-expressing monocytes. MBABY-B7-H3 (8.5 ± 1.4 MB/cell) and MBAb-B7-H3 (9.8 ± 1.3 MB/cell) showed significantly higher (P < 0.0001) binding to the MS1hB7-H3 cells compared with control MBNon-targeted (0.5 ± 0.1 MB/cell) under shear stress conditions. In vivo, MBABY-B7-H3 produced significantly higher (P < 0.04) imaging signal in orthotopic tumors coengrafted with MS1hB7-H3 (8.4 ± 3.3 a.u.) compared with tumors with MS1WT cells (1.4 ± 1.0 a.u.). In the transgenic mouse tumors, MBABY-B7-H3 (9.6 ± 2.0 a.u.) produced higher (P < 0.0002) imaging signal compared with MBNon-targeted (1.3 ± 0.3 a.u.), whereas MBABY-B7-H3 signal in normal mammary glands and tumors with B7-H3 blocking significantly reduced (P < 0.02) imaging signal. CONCLUSIONS MBABY-B7-H3 enhances B7-H3 molecular signal in breast tumors, improving cancer detection, while offering the advantages of a small size ligand and easier production for clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bam
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Patrick S Lown
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lawrence A Stern
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Karina Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Katheryne E Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gregory R Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amelie M Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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19
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Johnson SP, Ogunlade O, Lythgoe MF, Beard P, Pedley RB. Longitudinal Photoacoustic Imaging of the Pharmacodynamic Effect of Vascular Targeted Therapy on Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7436-7447. [PMID: 31551349 PMCID: PMC7611302 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel noninvasive and nonionizing imaging technique that allows longitudinal imaging of tumor vasculature in vivo and monitoring of response to therapy, especially for vascular targeted chemotherapy agents. In this study, we used a novel high-resolution all-optical PAI scanner to observe the pharmacodynamic response to the vascular-disrupting agent OXi4503. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two models of colorectal carcinoma (SW1222 and LS174T) that possess differing pathophysiologic vascularization were established as subcutaneous tumors in mice. Monitoring of response was performed over a 16-day "regrowth" period following treatment at 40 mg/kg, and at day 2 for a "dose response" study at 40 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, and sham dose. RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative changes in PA signal are observed, with an initial decrease followed by a plateau and subsequent return of signal indicating regrowth. Both tumor types exhibited a decrease in signal; however, the more vascularized SW1222 tumors show greater response to treatment. Decreasing the dose of OXi4503 led to a decrease in PA signal intensity of 60%, 52%, and 20% in SW1222 tumors and 30%, 26%, and 4% for LS174T tumors. CONCLUSIONS We have shown for the first time that PAI can observe the pharmacodynamic response of tumor vasculature to drug treatment both longitudinally and at different dose levels. Assessment of differing response to treatment based on vascular pathophysiologic differences among patients has the potential to provide personalized drug therapy; we have demonstrated that PAI, which is clinically translatable, could be a powerful tool for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Johnson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Olumide Ogunlade
- UCL Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Beard
- UCL Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Brown E, Brunker J, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic imaging as a tool to probe the tumour microenvironment. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/7/dmm039636. [PMID: 31337635 PMCID: PMC6679374 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex cellular ecosystem subjected to chemical and physical signals that play a role in shaping tumour heterogeneity, invasion and metastasis. Studying the roles of the TME in cancer progression would strongly benefit from non-invasive visualisation of the tumour as a whole organ in vivo, both preclinically in mouse models of the disease, as well as in patient tumours. Although imaging techniques exist that can probe different facets of the TME, they face several limitations, including limited spatial resolution, extended scan times and poor specificity from confounding signals. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality, currently in clinical trials, that has the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we review the biological properties of the TME and potential of existing imaging methods that have been developed to analyse these properties non-invasively. We then introduce PAI and explore the preclinical and clinical evidence that support its use in probing multiple features of the TME simultaneously, including blood vessel architecture, blood oxygenation, acidity, extracellular matrix deposition, lipid concentration and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and outstanding challenges in the application of PAI as a tool in cancer research and as part of a clinical oncologist's arsenal. Summary: This Review details the potential of photoacoustic imaging to visualise features of the tumour microenvironment such as blood vessels, hypoxia, fibrosis and immune infiltrate to provide unprecedented insight into tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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21
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Sun C, Liu X, Wang B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Di C, Si J, Li H, Wu Q, Xu D, Li J, Li G, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang H. Endocytosis-mediated mitochondrial transplantation: Transferring normal human astrocytic mitochondria into glioma cells rescues aerobic respiration and enhances radiosensitivity. Theranostics 2019; 9:3595-3607. [PMID: 31281500 PMCID: PMC6587163 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that reprogramming of energy metabolism involving disturbances in energy production from a defect in cellular respiration with a shift to glycolysis is a core hallmark of cancer. Alterations in cancer cell energy metabolism are linked to abnormalities in mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dysfunction of cancer cells includes increased glycolysis, decreased apoptosis, and resistance to radiotherapy. The study was designed for two main points: firstly, to investigate whether exogenous functional mitochondria can transfer into glioma cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms from the perspective of endocytosis; secondly, to further verify whether the mitochondrial transplantation is able to rescue aerobic respiration, attenuate the Warburg effect and enhance the radiosensitivity of gliomas. Methods: Mitochondria were isolated from normal human astrocytes (HA) and immediately co-incubated with starved human glioma cells (U87). Confocal microscopy and gene sequencing were performed to evaluate the ability of isolated mitochondria internalization into U87 cells. The interaction between endocytosis and isolated mitochondria transfer were captured by 3D tomographic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. NAD+, CD38, cADPR and Ca2+ release were determined by commercial kits, western blot, HLPC-MS and Fluo-3 AM respectively. PCR array expression profiling and Seahorse XF analysis were used to evaluate the effect of mitochondrial transplantation on energy phenotypes of U87 cells. U87 cells and U87 xenografts were both treated with mitochondrial transplantation, radiation, or a combination of mitochondrial transplantation and radiation. Apoptosis in vitro and in vivo were detected by cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 9 and TUNEL staining. Results: We found that mitochondria from HA could be transferred into starved U87 cells by simple co-incubation. Starvation treatment slowed the rate of glycolysis and decreased the transformation of NAD+ to NADH in U87 cells. A large amount of accumulated NAD+ was released into the extracellular space. CD38 is a member of the NAD+ glycohydrolase family that catalyzes the cyclization of extracellular NAD+ to intracellular cADPR. cADPR triggered release of Ca2+ to promote cytoskeleton remodeling and plasma membrane invagination. Thus, endocytosis involving isolated mitochondria internalization was mediated by NAD+-CD38-cADPR-Ca2+ signaling. Mitochondrial transfer enhanced gene and protein expression related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, increased aerobic respiration, attenuated glycolysis, reactivated the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, inhibited malignant proliferation of U87 cells. Isolated mitochondria injected into U87 xenograft tumors also entered cells, and inhibited glioma growth in nude mice. Mitochondrial transplantation could enhance the radiosensitivity of gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These findings suggested that starvation-induced endocytosis via NAD+-CD38-cADPR-Ca2+ signaling could be a new mechanism of mitochondrial transplantation to rescue aerobic respiration and attenuate the Warburg effect. This mechanism could be a promising approach for radiosensitization.
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22
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Yang J, Zhang G, Li Q, Liao C, Huang L, Ke T, Jiang H, Han D. Photoacoustic imaging for the evaluation of early tumor response to antivascular treatment. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:160-170. [PMID: 30976540 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides real-time noninvasive and contrast agent-free monitoring of the concentrations of some endogenous compounds related to tumor vascularization and oxygenation. In this study, we used PAI to noninvasively evaluate tumor responses to antiangiogenic therapy. Methods In vivo studies were performed with the approval of our institutional animal ethics committee. We used a xenograft mouse model of 4T1 breast cancer treated with different doses of bevacizumab or vehicle. Seven days after implantation, tumor-bearing mice (with tumors ~5-8 mm diameter) were randomly divided into low-dose (10 mg/kg), high-dose (20 mg/kg) and vehicle groups (same dose of saline). Each experimental group was administered bevacizumab intraperitoneally only once. Before and after treatment, acoustic resolution-photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM), a type of PAI, was conducted in vivo consecutively from day 1 to day 5. PAI-derived quantitative parameters were calculated at each time point. Additional cohorts of mice were used to quantify CD31 and hypoxia by immunohistochemical assays. Results The values of the PAI parameters were not significantly different among the experimental and control groups at the same time point before treatment (all P>0.05). The total hemoglobin (HbT) levels in the treatment group gradually decreased from day 1 to day 2 (relative to those in the control group, P>0.05) and decreased significantly relative to those in the control group from day 3 to day 5 (P<0.05). The deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) levels in the treatment group decreased from day 1 to 5 after treatment. The high-dose group had significantly decreased HbR levels relative to the control group from day 1 to 5 (P<0.05). The low-dose group also showed a gradual and significant decrease in HbR levels on day 3 (P<0.05). CD31 was decreased in the low-dose group relative to the control group on day 1 (decreased by 34.05%, P=0.067) and day 3 (decreased by 45.27%, P=0.180), and the decrease in CD31 persisted on day 5 (decreased by 71.41%, P=0.000). CD31 decreased to a greater extent in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group. Tumor hypoxia was significantly increased on day 1 from day 0 in the treatment groups (P<0.05), especially in the high-dose group. Hypoxia was decreased on days 3 and 5 in the low-dose group (10.92±0.92 and 8.17±1.9, P=0.317) but continuously increased over time in the high-dose group. Significantly greater hypoxia was observed in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (17.60±1.20 and 20.33±0.47, P<0.05). Conclusions PAI can be used to evaluate both vessel regression and hypoxia in response to anti-vascular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tengfei Ke
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Huabei Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China.,Center for Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610054, China.,Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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23
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Tomaszewski MR, Gehrung M, Joseph J, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Disselhorst JA, Bohndiek SE. Oxygen-Enhanced and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Optoacoustic Tomography Provide Surrogate Biomarkers of Tumor Vascular Function, Hypoxia, and Necrosis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5980-5991. [PMID: 30115696 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the functional status of tumor vasculature, including blood flow fluctuations and changes in oxygenation, is important in cancer staging and therapy monitoring. Current clinically approved imaging modalities suffer long procedure times and limited spatiotemporal resolution. Optoacoustic tomography (OT) is an emerging clinical imaging modality that may overcome these challenges. By acquiring data at multiple wavelengths, OT can interrogate hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation directly and resolve contributions from injected contrast agents. In this study, we tested whether two dynamic OT techniques, oxygen-enhanced (OE) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-OT, could provide surrogate biomarkers of tumor vascular function, hypoxia, and necrosis. We found that vascular maturity led to changes in vascular function that affected tumor perfusion, modulating the DCE-OT signal. Perfusion in turn regulated oxygen availability, driving the OE-OT signal. In particular, we demonstrate for the first time a strong per-tumor and spatial correlation between imaging biomarkers derived from these in vivo techniques and tumor hypoxia quantified ex vivo Our findings indicate that OT may offer a significant advantage for localized imaging of tumor response to vascular-targeted therapies when compared with existing clinical DCE methods.Significance: Imaging biomarkers derived from optoacoustic tomography can be used as surrogate measures of tumor perfusion and hypoxia, potentially yielding rapid, multiparametric, and noninvasive cancer staging and therapeutic response monitoring in the clinic.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/20/5980/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(20); 5980-91. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal R Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Gehrung
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A Disselhorst
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Balasundaram G, Ding L, Li X, Attia ABE, Dean-Ben XL, Ho CJH, Chandrasekharan P, Tay HC, Lim HQ, Ong CB, Mason RP, Razansky D, Olivo M. Noninvasive Anatomical and Functional Imaging of Orthotopic Glioblastoma Development and Therapy using Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1251-1258. [PMID: 30103155 PMCID: PMC6092474 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Here we demonstrate the potential of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), a new non-invasive structural and functional imaging modality, to track the growth and changes in blood oxygen saturation (sO2) in orthotopic glioblastoma (GBMs) and the surrounding brain tissues upon administration of a vascular disruptive agent (VDA). METHODS Nude mice injected with U87MG tumor cells were longitudinally monitored for the development of orthotopic GBMs up to 15 days and observed for changes in sO2 upon administration of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P, 30 mg/kg), an FDA approved VDA for treating solid tumors. We employed a newly-developed non-negative constrained approach for combined MSOT image reconstruction and unmixing in order to quantitatively map sO2 in whole mouse brains. RESULTS Upon longitudinal monitoring, tumors could be detected in mouse brains using single-wavelength data as early as 6 days post tumor cell inoculation. Fifteen days post-inoculation, tumors had higher sO2 of 63 ± 11% (n = 5, P < .05) against 48 ± 7% in the corresponding contralateral brain, indicating their hyperoxic status. In a different set of animals, 42 days post-inoculation, tumors had lower sO2 of 42 ± 5% against 49 ± 4% (n = 3, P < .05) in the contralateral side, indicating their hypoxic status. Upon CA4P administration, sO2 in 15 days post-inoculation tumors dropped from 61 ± 9% to 36 ± 1% (n = 4, P < .01) within one hour, then reverted to pre CA4P treatment values (63 ± 6%) and remained constant until the last observation time point of 6 hours. CONCLUSION With the help of advanced post processing algorithms, MSOT was capable of monitoring the tumor growth and assessing hemodynamic changes upon administration of VDAs in orthotopic GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayathri Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiuting Li
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Xose Luis Dean-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Prashant Chandrasekharan
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Hui Chien Tay
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Hann Qian Lim
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Lab (AMPL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos building, Singapore 138673
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667.
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25
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Quiros-Gonzalez I, Tomaszewski MR, Aitken SJ, Ansel-Bollepalli L, McDuffus LA, Gill M, Hacker L, Brunker J, Bohndiek SE. Optoacoustics delineates murine breast cancer models displaying angiogenesis and vascular mimicry. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1098-1106. [PMID: 29576623 PMCID: PMC5931091 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optoacoustic tomography (OT) of breast tumour oxygenation is a promising new technique, currently in clinical trials, which may help to determine disease stage and therapeutic response. However, the ability of OT to distinguish breast tumours displaying different vascular characteristics has yet to be established. The aim of the study is to prove OT as a sensitive technique for differentiating breast tumour models with manifestly different vasculatures. METHODS Multispectral OT (MSOT) was performed in oestrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and oestrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) orthotopic breast cancer xenografts. Total haemoglobin (THb) and oxygen saturation (SO2MSOT) were calculated. Pathological and biochemical evaluation of the tumour vascular phenotype was performed for validation. RESULTS MCF-7 tumours show SO2MSOT similar to healthy tissue in both rim and core, despite significantly lower THb in the core. MDA-MB-231 tumours show markedly lower SO2MSOT with a significant rim-core disparity. Ex vivo analysis revealed that MCF-7 tumours contain fewer blood vessels (CD31+) that are more mature (CD31+/aSMA+) than MDA-MB-231. MCF-7 presented higher levels of stromal VEGF and iNOS, with increased NO serum levels. The vasculogenic process observed in MCF-7 was consistent with angiogenesis, while MDA-MB-231 appeared to rely more on vascular mimicry. CONCLUSIONS OT is sensitive to differences in the vascular phenotypes of our breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Michal R Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah J Aitken
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Leigh-Ann McDuffus
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Michael Gill
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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26
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Lemaster JE, Chen F, Kim T, Hariri A, Jokerst JV. Development of a Trimodal Contrast Agent for Acoustic and Magnetic Particle Imaging of Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1321-1331. [PMID: 33860154 PMCID: PMC8046030 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has the potential to improve tissue remodeling and repair. For cardiac stem cell therapy, methods to improve the injection and tracking of stem cells may help to increase patient outcomes. Here we describe a multimodal approach that combines ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Ultrasound imaging offers real-time guidance, photoacoustic imaging offers enhanced contrast, and MPI offers high-contrast, deep-tissue imaging. This work was facilitated by a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based iron oxide nanobubble labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DiR) as a trimodal contrast agent. The PLGA coating facilitated the ultrasound signal, the DiR increased the photoacoustic signal, and the iron oxide facilitated the MPI signal. We confirmed that cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and migration were not adversely affected by cell treatment with nanobubbles. The nanobubble-labeled cells were injected intramyocardially into live mice for real-time imaging. Ultrasound imaging showed a 3.8-fold increase in the imaging intensity of labeled cells postinjection compared to the baseline; photoacoustic imaging showed a 10.2-fold increase in the cardiac tissue signal postinjection. The MPI intensity of the nanobubble-treated human mesenchymal stem cells injected into the hearts of mice was approximately 20-fold greater than the negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ali Hariri
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology,University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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27
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Rich LJ, Miller A, Singh AK, Seshadri M. Photoacoustic Imaging as an Early Biomarker of Radio Therapeutic Efficacy in Head and Neck Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2064-2078. [PMID: 29721063 PMCID: PMC5928871 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of tumor hypoxia on radiotherapeutic efficacy is well recognized. However, an easy to use, reliable imaging method for assessment of tumor oxygenation in routine clinical practice remains elusive. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a relatively new imaging technique that utilizes a combination of light and ultrasound (US) to enable functional imaging of tumor hemodynamic characteristics in vivo. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the utility of PAI in cancer detection for breast, thyroid, and prostate cancer. Here, we evaluated the potential of PAI for rapid, label-free, non-invasive quantification of tumor oxygenation as a biomarker of radiation response in head and neck cancer. Methods: Studies were performed human papilloma virus- positive (HPV+) and -negative (HPV-) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PAI was utilized for longitudinal assessment of tumor hemodynamics (oxygenation saturation and hemoglobin concentration) before, during and after fractionated radiation therapy (fRT). Imaging datasets were correlated with histologic measures of vascularity (CD31), DNA damage (phosphorylated γH2AX) and statistical modeling of tumor growth. Results: A differential response to fRT was observed between HPV+ and HPV- xenografts. Temporal changes in tumor hemodynamics (oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration) measured by PAI showed significant association with treatment outcomes. PAI-based changes in oxygen saturation were detected within days after initiation of fRT prior to detectable change in tumor volume, highlighting the potential of PAI to serve as an early biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. Consistent with PAI results, immunohistochemical staining of vascularity (CD31) and DNA damage (phosphorylated γH2AX) revealed distinct patterns of response in HPV+ and HPV- xenografts. Conclusion: Collectively, our observations demonstrate the utility of PAI for temporal mapping of tumor hemodynamics and the value of PAI read-outs as surrogate measures of radiation response in HNSCC.
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Shah A, Bush N, Box G, Eccles S, Bamber J. Value of combining dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound and optoacoustic tomography for hypoxia imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 8:15-27. [PMID: 28932684 PMCID: PMC5596361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) can detect haemoglobin and assess its oxygenation. However, the lack of a haemoglobin signal need not indicate a lack of perfusion. This study uses a novel method to assist the co-registration of optoacoustic images with dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) images to demonstrate, in preclinical tumour models, the value of combining haemoglobin imaging with a perfusion imaging method, showing that a lack of a haemoglobin signal does not necessarily indicate an absence of perfusion. DCE-US was chosen for this particular experiment because US is extremely sensitive to microbubble contrast agents and because microbubbles, like red blood cells but unlike currently available optical contrast agents, do not extravasate. Significant spatial correlations were revealed between the DCE-US properties and tumour blood-oxygen saturation and haemoglobin, as estimated using OAI. It is speculated that DCE-US properties could be applied as surrogate biomarkers for hypoxia when planning clinical radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Shah
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre in the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Bush
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre in the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Box
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Bamber
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre in the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging – Sutton, United Kingdom
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Experimental imaging in orthotopic renal cell carcinoma xenograft models: comparative evaluation of high-resolution 3D ultrasonography, in-vivo micro-CT and 9.4T MRI. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14249. [PMID: 29079842 PMCID: PMC5660163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to comparatively evaluate high-resolution 3D ultrasonography (hrUS), in-vivo micro-CT (μCT) and 9.4T MRI for the monitoring of tumor growth in an orthotopic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenograft model since there is a lack of validated, non-invasive imaging tools for this purpose. 1 × 106 Caki-2 RCC cells were implanted under the renal capsule of 16 immunodeficient mice. Local and systemic tumor growth were monitored by regular hrUS, μCT and MRI examinations. Cells engrafted in all mice and gave rise to exponentially growing, solid tumors. All imaging techniques allowed to detect orthotopic tumors and to precisely calculate their volumes. While tumors appeared homogenously radiolucent in μCT, hrUS and MRI allowed for a better visualization of intratumoral structures and surrounding soft tissue. Examination time was the shortest for hrUS, followed by μCT and MRI. Tumor volumes determined by hrUS, μCT and MRI showed a very good correlation with each other and with caliper measurements at autopsy. 10 animals developed pulmonary metastases being well detectable by μCT and MRI. In conclusion, each technique has specific strengths and weaknesses, so the one(s) best suitable for a specific experiment may be chosen individually.
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30
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Rich LJ, Sexton S, Curtin L, Seshadri M. Spatiotemporal Optoacoustic Mapping of Tumor Hemodynamics in a Clinically Relevant Orthotopic Rabbit Model of Head and Neck Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:839-845. [PMID: 28866260 PMCID: PMC5582377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for spatiotemporal mapping of tumor hemodynamics in a rabbit model of head and neck carcinoma. Shope cottontail rabbit papilloma virus associated VX2 carcinomas were established in adult male New Zealand White rabbits (n = 9) by surgical transplantation of tumor tissue in the neck. Noninvasive PAI with co-registered ultrasound (US) was performed to longitudinally monitor tumor growth, oxygen saturation (%sO2), and hemoglobin concentration (HbT). PAI findings were validated with Doppler sonography measures of percent vascularity (PV). Differences in tumor volumes, %sO2, HbT, and PV values over time were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance with multiple comparisons. Two-tailed Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation coefficient (r) for comparisons between %sO2, HbT, and tumor volume. US revealed a significant (P < .0001) increase in tumor volume over the 3-week period from 549 ± 260 mm3 on day 7 to 5055 ± 438 mm3 at 21 days postimplantation. Consistent with this aggressive tumor growth, PAI revealed a significant (P < .05) and progressive reduction in %sO2 from day 7 (37.6 ± 7.4%) to day 21 (9.5 ± 2.1%). Corresponding Doppler images also showed a decrease in PV over time. PAI revealed considerable intratumoral spatial heterogeneity with the tumor rim showing two- to three-fold higher %sO2 values compared to the core. Noninvasive PAI based on endogenous contrast provides a label-free method for longitudinal monitoring of temporal changes and spatial heterogeneity in thick head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Rich
- Laboratory for Translational Imaging, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resource, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Leslie Curtin
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resource, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Laboratory for Translational Imaging, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; Department of Oral Medicine/Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263.
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Tomaszewski MR, Gonzalez IQ, O'Connor JPB, Abeyakoon O, Parker GJM, Williams KJ, Gilbert FJ, Bohndiek SE. Oxygen Enhanced Optoacoustic Tomography (OE-OT) Reveals Vascular Dynamics in Murine Models of Prostate Cancer. Theranostics 2017; 7:2900-2913. [PMID: 28824724 PMCID: PMC5562224 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor oxygenation of solid tumours has been linked with resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy and poor patient outcomes, hence non-invasive imaging of oxygen supply and demand in tumours could improve disease staging and therapeutic monitoring. Optoacoustic tomography (OT) is an emerging clinical imaging modality that provides static images of endogenous haemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. Here, we demonstrate oxygen enhanced (OE)-OT, exploiting an oxygen gas challenge to visualise the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumour vascular function. We show that tracking oxygenation dynamics using OE-OT reveals significant differences between two prostate cancer models in nude mice with markedly different vascular function (PC3 & LNCaP), which appear identical in static OT. LNCaP tumours showed a spatially heterogeneous response within and between tumours, with a substantial but slow response to the gas challenge, aligned with ex vivo analysis, which revealed a generally perfused and viable tumour with marked areas of haemorrhage. PC3 tumours had a lower fraction of responding pixels compared to LNCaP with a high disparity between rim and core response. While the PC3 core showed little or no dynamic response, the rim showed a rapid change, consistent with our ex vivo findings of hypoxic and necrotic core tissue surrounded by a rim of mature and perfused vasculature. OE-OT metrics are shown to be highly repeatable and correlate directly on a per-tumour basis to tumour vessel function assessed ex vivo. OE-OT provides a non-invasive approach to reveal the complex dynamics of tumour vessel perfusion, permeability and vasoactivity in real time. Our findings indicate that OE-OT holds potential for application in prostate cancer patients, to improve delineation of aggressive and indolent disease as well as in patient stratification for chemo- and radio-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal R Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, U.K
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K
| | - Isabel Quiros Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, U.K
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K
| | - James PB O'Connor
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K
- Department of Radiology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, U.K
| | | | - Geoff JM Parker
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K
- Bioxydyn Limited, Manchester, U.K
| | | | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, U.K
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Bayer CL, Wlodarczyk BJ, Finnell RH, Emelianov SY. Ultrasound-guided spectral photoacoustic imaging of hemoglobin oxygenation during development. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:757-763. [PMID: 28270982 PMCID: PMC5330552 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Few technologies are capable of imaging in vivo function during development. In this study, we have implemented spectral photoacoustic imaging to estimate tissue oxygenation longitudinally in pregnant mice. We used the spectral photoacoustic signal to estimate hemoglobin oxygen saturation within intact, in vivo mouse concepti from developmental day (E) 8.5 to E16.5-a first step towards functional imaging of the maternal-fetal environment. Future work will apply these methods to compare longitudinal functional changes during normal vs abnormal development of embryos, fetuses, and placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L. Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Currently with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Currently with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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