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Palmisiano N, Jeschke G, Wilde L, Alpdogan O, Carabasi M, Filicko-O’Hara J, Grosso D, Klumpp T, Martinez U, Wagner J, Carroll MP, Perl A, Kasner M. A Phase I Trial of Sirolimus with "7&3" Induction Chemotherapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5129. [PMID: 37958304 PMCID: PMC10650097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains a primary treatment for younger AML patients, though many relapse. Data from our group have shown that highly phosphorylated S6 in blasts may predict response to sirolimus given with chemotherapy. We report the results of a phase I study of this combination in newly diagnosed AML and the pharmacodynamic analysis of pS6 before and after treatment. Subjects received sirolimus (12 mg on day 1, 4 mg daily, days 2-10), then idarubicin and cytarabine (days 4-10). Response was assessed at hematologic recovery or by day 42 using a modified IWG criteria. Fifty-five patients received sirolimus. Toxicity was similar to published 7 + 3 data, and 53% had high-, 27% intermediate-, and 20% favorable-risk disease. Forty-four percent of the high-risk patients entered into CR/CRp. Seventy-nine percent of the intermediate-risk subjects had a CR/CRp. All favorable-risk patients had a CR by day 42; 9/11 remained alive and in remission with a median follow-up of 660 days. Additionally, 41/55 patients had adequate samples for pharmacodynamic analysis. All patients demonstrated activation of S6 prior to therapy, in contrast to 67% seen in previous studies of relapsed AML. mTORC1 inhibition was observed in 66% of patients without enrichment among patients who achieved remission. We conclude that sirolimus and 7 + 3 is a well-tolerated and safe regimen. mTORC1 appears to be activated in almost all patients at diagnosis of AML. Inhibition of mTORC1 did not differ based on response, suggesting that AML cells may have redundant signaling pathways that regulate chemosensitivity in the presence of mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Palmisiano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Grace Jeschke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (A.P.)
| | - Lindsay Wilde
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Onder Alpdogan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Matthew Carabasi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Joanne Filicko-O’Hara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Dolores Grosso
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Klumpp
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Ubaldo Martinez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - John Wagner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin P. Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (A.P.)
| | - Alexander Perl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (A.P.)
| | - Margaret Kasner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.W.); (O.A.); (J.F.-O.); (D.G.); (T.K.); (M.K.)
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Almansa-Gómez S, Prieto-Ruiz F, Cansado J, Madrid M. Autophagy Modulation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Osteosarcoma: Current Insights and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13827. [PMID: 37762129 PMCID: PMC10531374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process that enables the recycling and degradation of cellular components, is essential for homeostasis, which occurs in response to various types of stress. Autophagy plays an important role in the genesis and evolution of osteosarcoma (OS). The conventional treatment of OS has limitations and is not always effective at controlling the disease. Therefore, numerous researchers have analyzed how controlling autophagy could be used as a treatment or strategy to reverse resistance to therapy in OS. They highlight how the inhibition of autophagy improves the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments and how the promotion of autophagy could prove positive in OS therapy. The modulation of autophagy can also be directed against OS stem cells, improving treatment efficacy and preventing cancer recurrence. Despite promising findings, future studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its relationship to OS, as well as the mechanisms underlying the functioning of autophagic modulators. Careful evaluation is required as autophagy modulation may have adverse effects on normal cells, and the optimization of autophagic modulators for use as drugs in OS is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Cansado
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Marisa Madrid
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
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3
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Xu H, Wang W, Liu X, Huang W, Zhu C, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Targeting strategies for bone diseases: signaling pathways and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:202. [PMID: 37198232 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the proposal of Paul Ehrlich's magic bullet concept over 100 years ago, tremendous advances have occurred in targeted therapy. From the initial selective antibody, antitoxin to targeted drug delivery that emerged in the past decades, more precise therapeutic efficacy is realized in specific pathological sites of clinical diseases. As a highly pyknotic mineralized tissue with lessened blood flow, bone is characterized by a complex remodeling and homeostatic regulation mechanism, which makes drug therapy for skeletal diseases more challenging than other tissues. Bone-targeted therapy has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for handling such drawbacks. With the deepening understanding of bone biology, improvements in some established bone-targeted drugs and novel therapeutic targets for drugs and deliveries have emerged on the horizon. In this review, we provide a panoramic summary of recent advances in therapeutic strategies based on bone targeting. We highlight targeting strategies based on bone structure and remodeling biology. For bone-targeted therapeutic agents, in addition to improvements of the classic denosumab, romosozumab, and PTH1R ligands, potential regulation of the remodeling process targeting other key membrane expressions, cellular crosstalk, and gene expression, of all bone cells has been exploited. For bone-targeted drug delivery, different delivery strategies targeting bone matrix, bone marrow, and specific bone cells are summarized with a comparison between different targeting ligands. Ultimately, this review will summarize recent advances in the clinical translation of bone-targeted therapies and provide a perspective on the challenges for the application of bone-targeted therapy in the clinic and future trends in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China.
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China.
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China.
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Varnier R, Puszkiel A, Tod M, Calattini S, Payen L, Lopez J, Guitton J, Schwiertz V, Fontaine J, Peron J, Maillet D, Tartas S, Bonnin N, Colomban O, Augu-Denechere D, Freyer G, You B. Clinical results of the EVESOR trial, a multiparameter phase I trial of everolimus and sorafenib combination in solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:361-373. [PMID: 36840749 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Everolimus (EVE) and sorafenib (SOR) combination was associated with synergistic activity in preclinical models. However, previous clinical studies were hampered by cumulative toxicities when both were given continuously. The academic EVESOR trial (NCT01932177) was designed to assess alternative doses and intermittent dosing schedules of EVE and SOR combination therapy to improve the benefit-risk ratio for patients with solid tumors. METHODS EVESOR is a multiparameter dose-escalation phase I trial investigating different doses and dosing schedules, with the final objective of generating data for modeling and simulation. Patients were allocated into continuous (A and B) or intermittent (C and D) schedules to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The clinical outcomes are presented here. RESULTS Forty-three patients were included from 2013 to 2019. Most of them had gynecological (25.6%), cholangiocarcinomas (23.2%), colorectal (14.0%), and breast cancers (11.6%). Dose-escalation up to EVE 10 mg QD and SOR 400 mg BID was possible on intermittent schedules. Five dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and dose reductions were required in 39.5% patients, stabilizing at EVE 5 mg and SOR 200 mg BID for 58.1% of them. The overall response rate was 6.3%, and disease control rate was 75.0%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6 months. The longest median PFS were observed in cholangiocarcinomas (9.9 months), and gynecological adenocarcinomas (9.2 months). CONCLUSION Intermittent arms were associated with improved efficacy/toxicity profiles; and EVE 5 mg QD and SOR 200 mg BID was defined a clinically feasible dose. Strong signs of efficacy were found in cholangiocarcinomas and gynecologic carcinomas. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01932177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Varnier
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France
| | - Alicja Puszkiel
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, EA 3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Tod
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, EA 3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Pharmacy, Hôpital de La Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Calattini
- Clinical Research, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Lea Payen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérome Guitton
- Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetic, Toxicology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Vérane Schwiertz
- Clinical Oncology Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Juliette Fontaine
- Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Peron
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France.,UMR UCBL/CNRS 5538 « Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Health and Biostatistics Team », Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Maillet
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, EA 3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Tartas
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnin
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Colomban
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, EA 3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Diane Augu-Denechere
- Clinical Research, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Freyer
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, EA 3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoit You
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), CITOHL, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Benite, 69495, Lyon, France. .,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, EA 3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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5
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Li S, Zhang H, Liu J, Shang G. Targeted therapy for osteosarcoma: a review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04614-4. [PMID: 36807762 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant tumour of the bone that usually occurs in children and adolescents. It is characterised by difficult treatment, recurrence and metastasis, and poor prognosis. Currently, the treatment of osteosarcoma is mainly based on surgery and auxiliary chemotherapy. However, for recurrent and some primary osteosarcoma cases, owing to the rapid progression of disease and chemotherapy resistance, the effects of chemotherapy are poor. With the rapid development of tumour-targeted therapy, molecular-targeted therapy for osteosarcoma has shown promise. PURPOSE In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms, related targets, and clinical applications of targeted osteosarcoma therapy. In doing this, we provide a summary of recent literature on the characteristics of targeted osteosarcoma therapy, the advantages of its clinical application, and development of targeted therapy in future. We aim to provide new insights into the treatment of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION Targeted therapy shows potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma and may offer an important means of precise and personalised treatment in the future, but drug resistance and adverse effects may limit its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China.,Graduate School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China.
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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Multi-omics analysis based on 3D-bioprinted models innovates therapeutic target discovery of osteosarcoma. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:459-470. [PMID: 35415297 PMCID: PMC8971536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current in vitro models for osteosarcoma investigation and drug screening, including two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and tumour spheroids (i.e. cancer stem-like cells), lack extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, results from traditional models may not reflect real pathological processes in genuine osteosarcoma histological structures. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted osteosarcoma model (3DBPO) that contains osteosarcoma cells and shrouding ECM analogue in a 3D frame. Photo-crosslinkable bioinks composed of gelatine methacrylamide and hyaluronic acid methacrylate mimicked tumour ECM. We performed multi-omics analysis, including transcriptomics and DNA methylomics, to determine differences between the 3DBPO model and traditional models. Compared with 2D models and tumour spheroids, our 3DBPO model showed significant changes in cell cycle, metabolism, adherens junctions, and other pathways associated with epigenetic regulation. The 3DBPO model was more sensitive to therapies targeted to the autophagy pathway. We showed that simulating ECM yielded different osteosarcoma cell metabolic characteristics and drug sensitivity in the 3DBPO model compared with classical models. We suggest 3D printed osteosarcoma models can be used in osteosarcoma fundamental and translational research, which may contribute to novel therapeutic strategy discovery. 3DBPO model behaved better than traditional 2D and CSC models in simulating in vivo osteosarcoma microenvironment. 3DBPO model showed significant changes in many signaling pathways associated with epigenetic regulation. 3DBPO model was particularly sensitive to autophagy-related drugs.
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8
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Recurrent and Unresectable Bone Sarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213784. [PMID: 36430263 PMCID: PMC9697271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors with a predominance in the young population. Few options of systemic treatment are available once they become unresectable and resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A better knowledge of the key role that tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR, RET, MET, AXL, PDGFR, KIT, FGFR, IGF-1R) may play in the pathogenesis of these tumors has led to the development of multi-target inhibitors (TKIs) that are progressively being incorporated into our therapeutic arsenal. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone tumor and several TKIs have demonstrated clinical benefit in phase II clinical trials (cabozantinib, regorafenib, apatinib, sorafenib, and lenvatinib). Although the development of TKIs for other primary bone tumors is less advanced, preclinical data and early trials have begun to show their potential benefit in advanced Ewing sarcoma (ES) and rarer bone tumors (chondrosarcoma, chordoma, giant cell tumor of bone, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma). Previous reviews have mainly provided information on TKIs for OS and ES. We aim to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the use of TKIs in all bone sarcomas including the most recent studies as well as the potential synergistic effects of their combination with other systemic therapies.
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9
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Feng Z, Ou Y, Hao L. The roles of glycolysis in osteosarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950886. [PMID: 36059961 PMCID: PMC9428632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is of great significance in the progression of various cancers and is critical for cancer progression, diagnosis, and treatment. Cellular metabolic pathways mainly include glycolysis, fat metabolism, glutamine decomposition, and oxidative phosphorylation. In cancer cells, reprogramming metabolic pathways is used to meet the massive energy requirement for tumorigenesis and development. Metabolisms are also altered in malignant osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Among reprogrammed metabolisms, alterations in aerobic glycolysis are key to the massive biosynthesis and energy demands of OS cells to sustain their growth and metastasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that compared to normal cells, glycolysis in OS cells under aerobic conditions is substantially enhanced to promote malignant behaviors such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of OS. Glycolysis in OS is closely related to various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and numerous signaling pathways have been reported to be involved in the regulation of glycolysis. In recent years, a vast number of inhibitors and natural products have been discovered to inhibit OS progression by targeting glycolysis-related proteins. These potential inhibitors and natural products may be ideal candidates for the treatment of osteosarcoma following hundreds of preclinical and clinical trials. In this article, we explore key pathways, glycolysis enzymes, non-coding RNAs, inhibitors, and natural products regulating aerobic glycolysis in OS cells to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between glycolysis and the progression of OS and discover novel therapeutic approaches targeting glycolytic metabolism in OS.
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Shao XH, Li JM, Zhang AL, Yao Y, Sun FF, Li ZZ, Liu T, Cheng K. Discovery and Characterization of Intercondylar Transphyseal Complexes and their Oncological Significance in Transphyseal Extension of Pediatric Osteosarcoma. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:411-421. [PMID: 35199961 PMCID: PMC8867409 DOI: 10.1111/os.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore whether there exist undiscovered transphyseal vasculature‐canal compound structures in immature femurs and tibias, and reveal their potential oncological impact. Methods This investigation was divided into a morphological study and a clinical study. In the morphological part, a new‐identified anatomic structure was investigated by using radiographical, anatomical, and histological methodologies. Twenty‐eight 1‐mm‐slice thickness magnetic resonance images of pediatric knees were generated and 10 pediatric knees were dissected to verify the existence and universality, observe the radiographic and anatomic characteristics, and determined the located region of this structure. Hematoxylin–eosin staining, immunofluorescence, and angiography procedures were performed to illustrate its histological feature, molecular identification, and vascular origination, respectively. In the clinical part, 38 pediatric osteosarcoma patients were enrolled from January 2014 to December 2020. A descriptive clinical study including 13 typical participants was conducted to investigate the oncological significance of this new‐identified structure. Meanwhile, the discrepancy in transphyseal osteosarcoma extension between different physeal regions was evaluated in a cross‐sectional study. Results In the morphological study, we discovered a new‐found vasculature‐canal compound structure, intercondylar transphyseal complex (ITC), which originated from the middle genicular vessels, traversed the whole epiphysis, and breached the intact open physis in the immature proximal tibia or distal femur. The components of ITC included the juxta‐articular, epiphyseal, and transphyseal segments of vessels, the canals that traverse the entire epiphysis and physis and enclosed the vessels, vascular foramina on articular facet and foramina‐covered synovium. Depending on the location, ITCs can be divided into three types: femoral ITC, anterior tibial ITC, and posterior tibial ITC. Clinically, the ITC may facilitate intercondylar transphyseal sarcomatous dissemination without damaging the adjacent physeal cartilage. Compared to bilateral condylar physes, more osteosarcomas transgressed the open growth plates through intercondylar regions in which ITC was located (P = 0.022). Conclusion As the “gap” on intact open physis, ITC, which is a new‐identified compound structure in intercondylar regions of immature femur or tibia, may promote intercondylar transphyseal tumor extension. Moreover, the identification and characterization of ITC subvert some traditional comprehensions about physis and may provide novel perspectives for pediatric osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hao Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Min Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ai-Lin Zhang
- Rehabilitation Units, University of Canberra Hospital, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiography, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei-Fei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Jiang ZY, Liu JB, Wang XF, Ma YS, Fu D. Current Status and Prospects of Clinical Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221124696. [PMID: 36128851 PMCID: PMC9500272 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221124696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, one of the common malignant tumors in the skeletal system, originates in mesenchymal tissue, and the most susceptible area of occurrence is the metaphysis with its abundant blood supply. Tumors are characterized by highly malignant spindle stromal cells that can produce bone-like tissue. Most of the osteosarcoma are primary, and a few are secondary. Osteosarcoma occurs primarily in children and adolescents undergoing vigorous bone growth and development. Most cases involve rapid tumor development and early blood metastasis. In recent years, research has grown in the areas of molecular biology, imaging medicine, biological materials, applied anatomy, surgical techniques, biomechanics, and comprehensive treatment of tumors. With developments in molecular biology and tissue bioengineering, treatment methods have also made great progress, especially in comprehensive limb salvage treatment, which significantly enhances the quality of life after surgery and improves the 5-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors. This article provides a review of limb salvage, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted therapy from traditional amputation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, providing a reference for current clinical treatments for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, 380381Shenzhen Longhua District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Nantong UniversityAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, 74754Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, 12474Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Fan B, Li Q, Jiang Y, Shen W, Xing Y, Liang G, Wu Q, Ban S, Zhang R. Development of carrier-free nanodrugs based on low molecular weight heparin–doxorubicin conjugate assembly with smart pH-triggered drug release characteristics for combinatorial antitumor therapy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A LMWH–DOX nanodrug effectively released bioactive agents, providing a combination therapy of low molecular weight heparin and doxorubicin for angiogenesis suppression and carcinoma inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- The Radiology Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixian Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Ban
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Radiology Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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13
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Liu Y, Huang N, Liao S, Rothzerg E, Yao F, Li Y, Wood D, Xu J. Current research progress in targeted anti-angiogenesis therapy for osteosarcoma. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13102. [PMID: 34309110 PMCID: PMC8450128 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour with a peak in incidence during adolescence. Delayed patient presentation and diagnosis is common with approximately 15% of OS patients presenting with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. With the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the 1970s, disease prognosis improved from 17% to 60%-70% 5-year survival, but outcomes have not significantly improved since then. Novel and innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed as an adjunct to conventional treatment modalities to improve outcomes for OS patients. Angiogenesis is crucial for tumour growth, metastasis and invasion, and its prevention will ultimately inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. Dysregulation of angiogenesis in bone microenvironment involving osteoblasts and osteoclasts might contribute to OS development. This review summarizes existing knowledge regarding pre-clinical and developmental research of targeted anti-angiogenic therapy for OS with the aim of highlighting the limitations associated with this application. Targeted anti-angiogenic therapies include monoclonal antibody to VEGF (bevacizumab), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Sorafenib, Apatinib, Pazopanib and Regorafenib) and human recombinant endostatin (Endostar). However, considering the safety and efficacy of these targeted anti-angiogenesis therapies in clinical trials cannot be guaranteed at this point, further research is needed to completely understand and characterize targeted anti-angiogenesis therapy in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Research Centre for Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Nenggan Huang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Research Centre for Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Emel Rothzerg
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceOEII Medical CentreNedlandsWAAustralia
| | - Felix Yao
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Yihe Li
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - David Wood
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
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14
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Just MA, Van Mater D, Wagner LM. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29084. [PMID: 33894051 PMCID: PMC8238849 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma consists of conventional cytotoxic regimens that have changed little over the past decades. There is an urgent need for agents that are more effective and have less long-term toxicity. Receptor tyrosine kinases regulate cell growth and proliferation of these tumors, and small-molecule inhibitors for many of these kinases are now available. In this article, we review published phase II trials for patients with recurrent disease and highlight the pathways targeted by available agents, as well as the toxicity and efficacy results seen to date. We also discuss the difficulties in identifying biomarkers to facilitate rational patient selection, as well as published and proposed strategies for how these inhibitors can be combined with conventional chemotherapy or other targeted agents. It is hoped future trials can capitalize on this growing experience to optimize the use of this exciting class of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Just
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lars M Wagner
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Bellantoni AJ, Wagner LM. Pursuing Precision: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3531. [PMID: 34298746 PMCID: PMC8303693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical for the growth and proliferation of many different cancers and therefore represent a potential vulnerability that can be therapeutically exploited with small molecule inhibitors. Over forty small molecule inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of adult solid tumors. Their use has been more limited in pediatric solid tumors, although an increasing number of single-agent and combination studies are now being performed. These agents have been quite successful in certain clinical contexts, such as the treatment of pediatric tumors driven by kinase fusions or activating mutations. By contrast, only modest activity has been observed when inhibitors are used as single agents for solid tumors that do not have genetically defined alterations in the target genes. The absence of predictive biomarkers has limited the wider applicability of these drugs and much work remains to define the appropriate patient population and clinical situation in which receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are most beneficial. In this manuscript, we discuss these issues by highlighting past trials and identifying future strategies that may help add precision to the use of these agents for pediatric extracranial solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars M. Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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16
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Preis E, Schulze J, Gutberlet B, Pinnapireddy SR, Jedelská J, Bakowsky U. The chorioallantoic membrane as a bio-barrier model for the evaluation of nanoscale drug delivery systems for tumour therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:317-336. [PMID: 33905805 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, the European Parliament and the European Union adopted a directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The directive aims to protect animals in scientific research, with the final goal of complete replacement of procedures on live animals for scientific and educational purposes as soon as it is scientifically viable. Furthermore, the directive announces the implementation of the 3Rs principle: "When choosing methods, the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement should be implemented through a strict hierarchy of the requirement to use alternative methods." The visibility, accessibility, and the rapid growth of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) offers a clear advantage for various manipulations and for the simulation of different Bio-Barriers according to the 3R principle. The extensive vascularisation on the CAM provides an excellent substrate for the cultivation of tumour cells or tumour xenografts which could be used for the therapeutic evaluation of nanoscale drug delivery systems. The tumour can be targeted either by topical application, intratumoural injection or i.v. injection. Different application sites and biological barriers can be examined within a single model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Gutberlet
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelská
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Core Facility for Small Animal MRI, Hans-Meerwein Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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17
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Seligson ND, Maradiaga RD, Stets CM, Katzenstein HM, Millis SZ, Rogers A, Hays JL, Chen JL. Multiscale-omic assessment of EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas identifies the mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:43. [PMID: 34021224 PMCID: PMC8140100 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas harboring EWSR1-NFATc2 fusions have historically been categorized and treated as Ewing sarcoma. Emerging evidence suggests unique molecular characteristics and chemotherapy sensitivities in EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas. Comprehensive genomic profiles of 1024 EWSR1 fusion positive sarcomas, including 14 EWSR1-NFATc2 fusions, were identified in the FoundationCore® database. Additional data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were included for analysis. EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas were genomically distinct from traditional Ewing sarcoma and demonstrated upregulation of the mTOR pathway. We also present a case of a 58-year-old male patient with metastatic EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcoma who achieved 47 months of disease stabilization when treated with combination mTOR and VEGF inhibition. EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas are molecularly distinct entities with overactive mTOR signaling; which may be therapeutically targetable. These findings support the use of precision medicine in the Ewing family of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Richard D Maradiaga
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colin M Stets
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Howard M Katzenstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Alan Rogers
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John L Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James L Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Chen Y, Liu R, Wang W, Wang C, Zhang N, Shao X, He Q, Ying M. Advances in targeted therapy for osteosarcoma based on molecular classification. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105684. [PMID: 34022396 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a highly malignant tumor, is characterized by widespread and recurrent chromosomal and genetic abnormalities. In recent years, a number of elaborated sequencing analyses have made it possible to cluster the osteosarcoma based on the identification of candidate driver genes and develop targeted therapy. Here, we reviewed recent next-generation genome sequencing studies and advances in targeted therapies for osteosarcoma based on molecular classification. First, we stratified osteosarcomas into ten molecular subtypes based on genetic changes. And we analyzed potential targeted therapies for osteosarcoma based on the identified molecular subtypes. Finally, the development of targeted therapies for osteosarcoma investigated in clinical trials were further summarized and discussed. Therefore, we indicated the importance of molecular classification on the targeted therapy for osteosarcoma. And the stratification of patients based on the genetic characteristics of osteosarcoma will help to obtain a better therapeutic response to targeted therapies, bringing us closer to the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runzhi Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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19
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Assi T, Watson S, Samra B, Rassy E, Le Cesne A, Italiano A, Mir O. Targeting the VEGF Pathway in Osteosarcoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051240. [PMID: 34069999 PMCID: PMC8157846 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of the bones affecting mainly young adults. Despite the advances in the field of systemic anticancer therapy, the prognosis of relapsed of metastatic osteosarcoma patients remain dismal with very short survival. However, the better understanding of the pathophysiology of this subtype of sarcoma has led to the identification of new targeted agents with significant activity. In fact, increased angiogenesis plays a major role in the tumor growth and survival of osteosarcoma patients. Several targeted agents have demonstrated a significant anti-tumor activity including multi-kinase inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology, rationale, and role of targeting angiogenesis via the VEGF pathway in patients with osteosarcoma with emphasis on the published clinical trials and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Assi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 166830, Lebanon;
| | - Sarah Watson
- Department of Medical Oncology and INSERMU830, Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Bachar Samra
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Presbyterian Healthcare Services, Albuquerque, NM 87110, USA;
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Sarcoma Group, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Sarcoma Group, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.C.); (A.I.)
- Department of Medical Oncology and INSERM U1218, Institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Mir
- Sarcoma Group, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; (A.L.C.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42114316
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20
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Miklja Z, Yadav VN, Cartaxo RT, Siada R, Thomas CC, Cummings JR, Mullan B, Stallard S, Paul A, Bruzek AK, Wierzbicki K, Yang T, Garcia T, Wolfe I, Leonard M, Robertson PL, Garton HJ, Wahl DR, Parmar H, Sarkaria JN, Kline C, Mueller S, Nicolaides T, Glasser C, Leary SE, Venneti S, Kumar-Sinha C, Chinnaiyan AM, Mody R, Pai MP, Phoenix TN, Marini BL, Koschmann C. Everolimus improves the efficacy of dasatinib in PDGFRα-driven glioma. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5313-5325. [PMID: 32603316 PMCID: PMC7524471 DOI: 10.1172/jci133310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas (HGGs) frequently harbor PDGFRA alterations. We hypothesized that cotreatment with everolimus may improve the efficacy of dasatinib in PDGFRα-driven glioma through combinatorial synergism and increased tumor accumulation of dasatinib. We performed dose-response, synergism, P-glycoprotein inhibition, and pharmacokinetic studies in in vitro and in vivo human and mouse models of HGG. Six patients with recurrent PDGFRα-driven glioma were treated with dasatinib and everolimus. We found that dasatinib effectively inhibited the proliferation of mouse and human primary HGG cells with a variety of PDGFRA alterations. Dasatinib exhibited synergy with everolimus in the treatment of HGG cells at low nanomolar concentrations of both agents, with a reduction in mTOR signaling that persisted after dasatinib treatment alone. Prolonged exposure to everolimus significantly improved the CNS retention of dasatinib and extended the survival of PPK tumor-bearing mice (mutant TP53, mutant PDGFRA, H3K27M). Six pediatric patients with glioma tolerated this combination without significant adverse events, and 4 patients with recurrent disease (n = 4) had a median overall survival of 8.5 months. Our results show that the efficacy of dasatinib treatment of PDGFRα-driven HGG was enhanced with everolimus and suggest a promising route for improving targeted therapy for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hemant Parmar
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cassie Kline
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodore Nicolaides
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chana Glasser
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Sarah E.S. Leary
- Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington (UW), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Urology
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Rogel Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Manjunath P. Pai
- College of Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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21
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Lilienthal I, Herold N. Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186885. [PMID: 32961800 PMCID: PMC7555161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lilienthal
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
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22
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Czarnecka AM, Synoradzki K, Firlej W, Bartnik E, Sobczuk P, Fiedorowicz M, Grieb P, Rutkowski P. Molecular Biology of Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2130. [PMID: 32751922 PMCID: PMC7463657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone cancer in children and adolescents and the third most frequent in adults. Many inherited germline mutations are responsible for syndromes that predispose to osteosarcomas including Li Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma syndrome, Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome or Diamond-Blackfan anemia. TP53 is the most frequently altered gene in osteosarcoma. Among other genes mutated in more than 10% of OS cases, c-Myc plays a role in OS development and promotes cell invasion by activating MEK-ERK pathways. Several genomic studies showed frequent alterations in the RB gene in pediatric OS patients. Osteosarcoma driver mutations have been reported in NOTCH1, FOS, NF2, WIF1, BRCA2, APC, PTCH1 and PRKAR1A genes. Some miRNAs such as miR-21, -34a, -143, -148a, -195a, -199a-3p and -382 regulate the pathogenic activity of MAPK and PI3K/Akt-signaling pathways in osteosarcoma. CD133+ osteosarcoma cells have been shown to exhibit stem-like gene expression and can be tumor-initiating cells and play a role in metastasis and development of drug resistance. Although currently osteosarcoma treatment is based on adriamycin chemoregimens and surgery, there are several potential targeted therapies in development. First of all, activity and safety of cabozantinib in osteosarcoma were studied, as well as sorafenib and pazopanib. Finally, novel bifunctional molecules, of potential imaging and osteosarcoma targeting applications may be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Firlej
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Interinstitute Laboratory of New Diagnostic Applications of MRI, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Jiang S, Wang R, Zhang X, Wu F, Li S, Yuan Y. Combination treatment of gemcitabine and sorafenib exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect on non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:346-356. [PMID: 32537024 PMCID: PMC7291674 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its therapeutic efficacy remains low. Combination therapy for cancer treatment has attracted attention in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of the combination treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib on NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, and to determine its underlying molecular mechanisms. The anti-NSCLC effects of combination therapy were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis, MTT, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. A549 cells subjected to combination treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib demonstrated a more irregular cellular morphology and lower cell viability compared with the monotherapy groups. Combination of gemcitabine and sorafenib significantly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. Additionally, combination therapy was demonstrated to restrain the migration and invasion of tumor cells by suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 cells. In vivo analyses confirmed that co-treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib decreased NSCLC tumor growth and tumor weight in nude mice. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that combination treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on NSCLC in vitro and in vivo via the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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24
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Pazopanib and Trametinib as a Synergistic Strategy against Osteosarcoma: Preclinical Activity and Molecular Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061519. [PMID: 32531992 PMCID: PMC7352822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) inhibitors’ activity in advanced osteosarcoma is significant but short-lived. To prevent or at least delay drug resistance, we explored a vertical inhibition by combining drugs acting at different levels of the RTK pathways (pazopanib + trametinib). We studied pazopanib + trametinib antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo (MNNG-HOS and KHOS xenografts in NOD/SCID mice) investigating the molecular mechanisms and potential escapes. The involvement of MAPK-PI3K pathways was validated by Nanostring technology, western blot and by silencing/overexpression experiments. Pazopanib targets were expressed on seven osteosarcoma cell lines and their pathways were activated. Pazopanib + trametinib exhibited synergistic antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting ERK1/2 and Akt. In vivo antitumor activity was shown in osteosarcoma-bearing mice. The drug combination significantly down-modulated RTK Ephrin Type-A Receptor 2 (EphA2) and Interleukin-7 Receptor (IL-7R), whereas induced mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase (MAPKK) MEK6. EphA2 silencing significantly reduced osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration, while impeding MEK6 up-regulation in the treated cells significantly increased the antitumor effect of the studied drugs. Moreover, the up-regulation of MEK6 reduced combination activity. Pazopanib + trametinib demonstrated synergistic antitumor effects in osteosarcoma models through ERK and Akt inhibition and EphA2 and IL-7R down-modulation. MEK6 up-regulation might evoke escaping mechanism.
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25
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Meazza C, Bastoni S, Scanagatta P. What is the best clinical approach to recurrent/refractory osteosarcoma? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:415-428. [PMID: 32379504 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1760848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. It is currently treated with pre-and postoperative chemotherapy, associated with surgical resection of the tumor.Area covered: Relapses occur in about one in three patients presenting with localized disease, and three in four of those with metastases at diagnosis. Relapsing disease carries a very poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates ranging between 13% and 40%.Expert opinion: Patients with unilateral lung involvement or solitary lung metastases and a recurrence-free interval (RFI) longer than 24 months have a better prognosis, and could be managed with surgical resection and close observation. Complete surgical resection of all sites of disease remains essential to survival: patients unable to achieve complete remission have a catastrophic overall survival rate. The role of second-line chemotherapy is not at all clear, and no controlled studies are available on this topic. It is worth considering for patients unable to achieve complete surgical remission, and those with multiple metastases and/or a RFI <24 months. Given their dismal prognosis, patients with multiple sites of disease not amenable to complete surgical resection should also be considered for innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Meazza
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastoni
- Center for Oncological Orthopedic Surgery, ASST Azienda Ospedaliera Istituto G Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Scanagatta
- Thoracic Surgery Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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26
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Zhao J, Dean DC, Hornicek FJ, Yu X, Duan Z. Emerging next-generation sequencing-based discoveries for targeted osteosarcoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:158-167. [PMID: 31987920 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and is frequently lethal via metastasis to the lung. While surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapies have emerged to combat this deadly cancer, the 5-year survival rate has plateaued over the past four decades. Therapeutic progress has been notably poor because past technologies have not been able to reveal obscured OS biomarkers and targets. With the advent and implementation of large-scale next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies, various somatic mutations and copy number changes involved in OS progression and metastasis have surfaced. These findings have significantly expanded the amount of genome-informed pathways and candidate genes suitable for targeting in pre-clinical models. Furthermore, NGS analyses comparing primary and matched pulmonary metastatic tumor tissues have catalogued previously unknown prognostic biomarkers in OS. In this review, we delineate the most recent findings in NGS for OS therapy and how this technology has advanced personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xiuchun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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27
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AdipoRon Affects Cell Cycle Progression and Inhibits Proliferation in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:7262479. [PMID: 32411241 PMCID: PMC7204133 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7262479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AdipoRon (AdipoR) is the first synthetic molecule acting as a selective and potent adiponectin receptor agonist. Recently, the possible pharmacological use of AdipoR in different pathological conditions has been addressed. Interestingly, initial evidence suggests that AdipoR may have anticancer properties in different preclinical models, such as pancreatic and ovarian cancer. To our knowledge, so far no research has been directed at determining the impact of AdipoR on osteosarcoma, the most aggressive and metastatic bone malignancy occurring in childhood and adolescence age. Here, we investigate the possible antitumor effects of AdipoR in osteosarcoma cell lines. MTT and cell growth curve assays clearly indicate that AdipoR inhibits, at different extents, proliferation in both U2OS and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell lines, the latter being more sensitive. Moreover, flow cytometry-based assays point out a significant G0/G1 phase accumulation and a contemporary S phase decrease in response to AdipoR. Consistent with the different sensitivity, a strong subG1 appearance in Saos-2 after 48 and 72 hours of treatment is also observed. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms highlights a common and initial ERK1/2 activation in response to AdipoR in both Saos-2 and U2OS cells. Interestingly, a simultaneous and dramatic downregulation of p70S6K phosphorylation, one of the main targets of mTORC1 pathway, has also been observed in AdipoR-treated Saos-2, but not in U2OS cells. Importantly, a strengthening of AdipoR-induced effects was reported upon everolimus-mediated mTORC1 perturbation in U2OS cells. In conclusion, our findings provide initial evidence of AdipoR as an anticancer molecule differently affecting various signaling pathways involved in cell cycle and cell death in osteosarcoma cells and encourage the design of future studies to further understand its pattern of activities.
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28
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Schott C, Shah AT, Sweet-Cordero EA. Genomic Complexity of Osteosarcoma and Its Implication for Preclinical and Clinical Targeted Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:1-19. [PMID: 32767231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a genomically complex disease characterized by few recurrent single-nucleotide mutations or in-frame fusions. In contrast, structural alterations, including copy number changes, chromothripsis, kataegis, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and other large-scale genomic alterations, are frequent and widespread across the osteosarcoma genome. These observed structural alterations lead to activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors which together contribute to oncogenesis. To date, few targeted therapies for osteosarcoma have been identified. It is likely that effectiveness of targeted therapies will vary greatly in subsets of tumors with distinct key driver events. Model systems which can recapitulate the genetic heterogeneity of this disease are needed to test this hypothesis. One possible approach is to use patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models characterized with regards to their similarity to the human tumor samples from which they were derived. Here we review evidence pointing to the genomic complexity of osteosarcoma and how this is reflected in available model systems. We also review the current state of preclinical testing for targeted therapies using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Schott
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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29
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Osteosarcoma: 2019 Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:141-155. [PMID: 32767239 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary conclusions of our 2014 contribution to this series were as follows: Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) likely contribute to aggressive phenotypes in osteosarcoma and, therefore, inhibition of multiple RTKs is likely necessary for successful clinical outcomes. Inhibition of multiple RTKs may also be useful to overcome resistance to inhibitors of individual RTKs as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Different combinations of RTKs are likely important in individual patients. AXL, EPHB2, FGFR2, IGF1R, and RET were identified as promising therapeutic targets by our in vitro phosphoproteomic/siRNA screen of 42 RTKs in the highly metastatic LM7 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines. This chapter is intended to provide an update on these topics as well as the large number of osteosarcoma clinical studies of inhibitors of multiple tyrosine kinases (multi-TKIs) that were recently published.
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30
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Shen L, Zhao K, Li H, Ning B, Wang W, Liu R, Zhang Y, Zhang A. Downregulation of UBE2T can enhance the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1283-1305. [PMID: 31355678 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of UBE2T gene on radiotherapy for osteosarcoma. Materials & methods: Gene Expression Omnibus database, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Cell proliferation and cell cycle experiments were conducted after knockdown of UBE2T. Cell scratch, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis experiments were conducted after the combination of radiotherapy and UBE2T silencing. Then the xenograft mode was further conducted. Results: UBE2T was highly expressed in human osteosarcoma. Suppression of UBE2T inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Downregulation of UBE2T combined with radiation can substantially inhibit clonal formation and migration, and promote apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: UBE2T downregulation can enhance the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronghan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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31
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Qian YY, Li WY, Yan Y, Zhao XY, Yang T, Fang CC, Hou JJ, Liu YQ. Celastrus orbiculatus Extracts Inhibit Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Targeting mTOR Signaling Pathways. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:845-852. [PMID: 31127506 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the molecular mechanism underlying the antineoplastic activity of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. extracts (COE). METHODS The human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) knockdown expressed (HepG2/mTOR) were constructed using molecular biological technology. In vitro, the HepG2/mTOR- cells were treated with COE at various concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 µ g/mL). Cell viability was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. According to the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value (140 mg/L), the concentrations of COE in the subsequent experiment was set to alleviate cytotoxicity. The HepG2/mTOR- cells were divided into 5 groups: negative control (untreated), COE treatment groups (40, 80, 120 mg/L COE) and positive control group (cisplatin, DDP, 2 mg/L), respectively. Wild-type HepG2 cells were used as a blank control. The effects of COE on the cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), respectively. The protein expression levels of mTOR signal pathways were determined by Western blotting. In vivo, HepG2/mTOR- cells (2 × 106 cell/mice) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of nude mice. Thirty-six female nude mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to body weight (6 mice per group) as follows: solvent vehicle control, Banmao Capsule treated group (BM, 195 mg/kg), Tegafur, Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium Capsules (10 mg/kg) treated group, and different dosages of COE (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) groups. Tumor growth was monitored and immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in tumor tissues. RESULTS COE inhibited the proliferation significantly in a concentration-dependent manner in HepG2/mTOR- cells (P<0.01). COE significantly induced the apoptosis of HepG2/mTOR- cells (P<0.01), and the apoptotic bodies can be observed under TEM. COE significantly inhibits the proteins expression of mTOR-related signal pathways. In vivo, COE significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice (P<0.01). Moreover, the results showed that COE down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and up-regulated the levels of Bax and caspase-3 protein (P<0.01). CONCLUSION COE was a potential chemotherapeutic drug in HCC treatments via targeting mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Qian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Ci Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
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32
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Han Y, Feng H, Sun J, Liang X, Wang Z, Xing W, Dai Q, Yang Y, Han A, Wei Z, Bi Q, Ji H, Kang T, Zou W. Lkb1 deletion in periosteal mesenchymal progenitors induces osteogenic tumors through mTORC1 activation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1895-1909. [PMID: 30830877 PMCID: PMC6486357 DOI: 10.1172/jci124590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone osteogenic sarcoma has a poor prognosis as the exact cell of origin and the signaling pathways underling tumor formation remain undefined. Here, we report an osteogenic tumor mouse model based on the conditional knockout of liver kinase b1 (Lkb1; also known as Stk11) in Cathepsin K (Ctsk)-Cre expressing cells. Lineage tracing studies demonstrated that Ctsk-Cre could label a population of periosteal cells. The cells functioned as mesenchymal progenitors with regard to markers and functional properties. LKB1 deficiency increased proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of Ctsk+ periosteal cells, while downregulation of mTORC1 activity, using Raptor genetic mouse model or mTORC1 inhibitor treatment, ameliorated tumor progression of Ctsk-Cre Lkb1fllfl mice. Xenograft mouse models, using human osteosarcoma cell lines, also demonstrated that LKB1 deficiency promoted tumor formation, while mTOR inhibition suppressed xenograft tumor growth. In summary, we identified periosteum-derived Ctsk-Cre expressing cells as a cell of origin for osteogenic tumor and suggested the LKB1-mTORC1 pathway as a promising target for treatment of osteogenic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- The Second Dental Center, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanying Wei
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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33
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Chantarasrivong C, Higuchi Y, Tsuda M, Yamane Y, Hashida M, Konishi M, Komura N, Ando H, Yamashita F. Sialyl LewisX mimic-decorated liposomes for anti-angiogenic everolimus delivery to E-selectin expressing endothelial cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20518-20527. [PMID: 35515515 PMCID: PMC9065773 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01943j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed novel E-selectin-targeting liposomes, i.e., 3′-(1-carboxy)ethyl sialyl LewisX (3′-CE sLeX) mimic liposomes, for targeted delivery of everolimus (EVE) in anti-angiogenic therapy. We investigated the uptake and efficacy of these E-selectin targeting liposomes in inflammatory cytokine-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The uptake of EVE in 3′-CE sLeX mimic liposomes increased steadily and almost caught up with the uptake of plain EVE at 3 h, which was higher than that in PEGylated liposomes (PEG-liposomes). Inhibition of uptake by anti-E-selectin antibody suggested involvement of E-selectin-mediated endocytotic processes. Migration in cells treated with EVE/3′-CE sLeX mimic liposomes was suppressed by more than half when compared to the control. This treatment was also seen to significantly inhibit the formation of capillary tubes and networks. In addition, Thr389 phosphorylation of pS6 kinase, as a marker of mTOR activity, was remarkably suppressed to less than endogenous levels by EVE/3′-CE sLeX mimic liposomes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that EVE/3′-CE sLeX mimic liposomes were intracellularly taken up by E-selectin and prompted anti-angiogenic effects of EVE involved in the mTOR signaling pathway. However, moderate retention of EVE in the liposomes might limit the targeting ability of 3′-CE sLeX mimic liposomes. Novel E-selectin-targeting liposomes deliver everolimus to E-selectin expressing endothelial cells and accelerate its anti-angiogenic effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamane
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Miku Konishi
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN)
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN)
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN)
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
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34
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Qian Y, Yang T, Zhao X, Yan Y, Li W, Fang C, Hou J, Tao L, Liu Y. Celastrus orbiculatus extracts induce apoptosis in mTOR-overexpressed human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:328. [PMID: 30526568 PMCID: PMC6286504 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) are used as traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammation and cancer. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) on the apoptosis in human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells with mTOR overexpression. Methods The stable expression of mTOR in HepG2 cells (HepG2/mTOR+) were established by lipofectin transfection of GV238-mTOR recombinant plasmids and further antibiotic selection. Human hepatic carcinoma HepG2/mTOR+ cells were treated with different concentrations (20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 μg/mL) of COE for 24 h. The cell proliferation upon COE treatment was detected by MTT. Apoptosis was measured by Flow Cytometry. The activity of mTOR signaling pathway was detected by Western Blotting. Results COE significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2/mTOR+ cells. The expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were increased in the HepG2/mTOR+ cells in a dose-dependent manner. The proteins expression of Bcl2, Bcl-2 L12, mTOR, phospho-mTOR, 4EBP1, phospho-4EBP1, P70S6k, and phospho-P70S6k in HepG2/mTOR+ cells were reduced in dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, COE and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) synergistically induced apoptosis in HepG2/mTOR+ cells by regulating apoptosis-related proteins and inhibiting mTOR signaling pathways. Conclusion COE could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2/mTOR+ cells, and induce the cell apoptosis. The mechanisms may be related to the regulation of the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-2 L12, and mTOR signaling pathways. These data suggest that COE may be a potential treatment for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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35
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Maayah ZH, Zhang T, Forrest ML, Alrushaid S, Doschak MR, Davies NM, El-Kadi AOS. DOX-Vit D, a Novel Doxorubicin Delivery Approach, Inhibits Human Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation by Inducing Apoptosis While Inhibiting Akt and mTOR Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030144. [PMID: 30181466 PMCID: PMC6161239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a very potent and effective anticancer agent. However, the effectiveness of DOX in osteosarcoma is usually limited by the acquired drug resistance. Recently, Vitamin D (Vit-D) was shown to suppress the growth of many human cancer cells. Taken together, we synthesized DOX-Vit D by conjugating Vit-D to DOX in order to increase the delivery of DOX into cancer cells and mitigate the chemoresistance associated with DOX. For this purpose, MG63 cells were treated with 10 µM DOX or DOX-Vit D for 24 h. Thereafter, MTT, real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to determine cell proliferation, genes and proteins expression, respectively. Our results showed that DOX-Vit D, but not DOX, significantly elicited an apoptotic signal in MG63 cells as evidenced by induction of death receptor, Caspase-3 and BCLxs genes. Mechanistically, the DOX-Vit D-induced apoptogens were credited to the activation of p-JNK and p-p38 signaling pathway and the inhibition of proliferative proteins, p-Akt and p-mTOR. Our findings propose that DOX-Vit D suppressed the growth of MG63 cells by inducing apoptosis while inhibiting cell survival and proliferative signaling pathways. DOX-Vit D may serve as a novel drug delivery approach to potentiate the delivery of DOX into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid H Maayah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Marcus Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Samaa Alrushaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Michael R Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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36
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Autophagic cell death associated to Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma is mediated through Akt inhibition in an ERK1/2 independent fashion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200878. [PMID: 30048489 PMCID: PMC6062059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To fully clarify the role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase in the therapeutic response to Sorafenib in Renal Cell Carcinoma as well as the cell death mechanism associated to this kinase inhibitor, we have evaluated the implication of several Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Renal Cell Carcinoma-derived cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental model of Renal Cell Carcinoma-derived cell lines (ACHN and 786-O cells) was evaluated in terms of viability by MTT assay, induction of apoptosis by caspase 3/7 activity, autophagy induction by LC3 lipidation, and p62 degradation and kinase activity using phospho-targeted antibodies. Knock down of ATG5 and ERK5 was performed using lentiviral vector coding specific shRNA. RESULTS Our data discard Extracellular Regulated Kinase 1/2 and 5 as well as p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase pathways as mediators of Sorafenib toxic effect but instead indicate that the inhibitory effect is exerted through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of Akt mediates cell death associated to Sorafenib without caspase activation, and this is consistent with the induction of autophagy, as indicated by the use of pharmacological and genetic approaches. CONCLUSION The present report demonstrates that Sorafenib exerts its toxic effect through the induction of autophagy in an Akt-dependent fashion without the implication of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase. Therefore, our data discard the use of inhibitors of the RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway in RCC and support the use of pro-autophagic compounds, opening new therapeutic opportunities for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
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37
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Zhang L, Lv Z, Xu J, Chen C, Ge Q, Li P, Wei D, Wu Z, Sun X. Micro
RNA
‐134 inhibits osteosarcoma angiogenesis and proliferation by targeting the
VEGFA
/
VEGFR
1 pathway. FEBS J 2018; 285:1359-1371. [PMID: 29474747 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair Taiyuan China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | | | | | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair Taiyuan China
| | | | - Zhuangzhuang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair Taiyuan China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair Taiyuan China
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38
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Cabozantinib Affects Osteosarcoma Growth Through A Direct Effect On Tumor Cells and Modifications In Bone Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520051 PMCID: PMC5843583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. Due to its high heterogeneity and to survival signals from bone microenvironment, OS can resist to standard treatments, therefore novel therapies are needed. c-MET oncogene, a tyrosine-kinase receptor, plays a crucial role in OS initiation and progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of c-MET inhibitor cabozantinib (CBZ) on OS both directly and through its action on bone microenvironment. We tested different doses of CBZ in in vitro models of OS alone or in co-culture with bone cells in order to reproduce OS-tumor microenvironment interactions. CBZ is able to decrease proliferation and migration of OS cells, inhibiting ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, CBZ leads to the inhibition of the proliferation of OS cells expressing receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), due to its effect on bone microenvironment, where it causes an overproduction of osteoprotegerin and a decrease of production of RANK ligand by osteoblasts. Overall, our data demonstrate that CBZ might represent a new potential treatment against OS, affecting both OS cells and their microenvironment. In this scenario, RANK expression in OS cells could represent a predictive factor of better response to CBZ treatment.
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mTOR: An attractive therapeutic target for osteosarcoma? Oncotarget 2018; 7:50805-50813. [PMID: 27177330 PMCID: PMC5226621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignant bone tumor with high morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. How to improve poor prognosis of OS due to resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenge. Recently, growing findings show activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is associated with OS cell growth, proliferation, metastasis. Targeting mTOR may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating OS. This review summarizes the roles of mTOR pathway in OS and present research status of mTOR inhibitors in the context of OS. In addition, we have attempted to discuss how to design a better treatment project for OS by combining mTOR inhibitor with other drugs.
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40
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Evolving Significance and Future Relevance of Anti-Angiogenic Activity of mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110152. [PMID: 29104248 PMCID: PMC5704170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable anti-tumor activity in experimental models, mainly by reducing cancer cell growth and tumor angiogenesis. Their use in cancer patients as monotherapy has, however, generated only limited benefits, increasing median overall survival by only a few months. Likewise, in other targeted therapies, cancer cells develop resistance mechanisms to overcome mTOR inhibition. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies have to be designed to increase the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in cancer. In this review, we discuss the present and future relevance of mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy by focusing on their effects on tumor angiogenesis.
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Lou JS, Bi WC, Chan GKL, Jin Y, Wong CW, Zhou ZY, Wang HY, Yao P, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Ginkgetin induces autophagic cell death through p62/SQSTM1-mediated autolysosome formation and redox setting in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93131-93148. [PMID: 29190983 PMCID: PMC5696249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting cell death by autophagy could be a novel treatment for cancer. The major player in autophagy, p62, serves as a good therapeutic target. Ginkgetin, a biflavonoid from Ginkgo biloba leaves, exhibited promising anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, with an IC50 lower than that of cisplatin. This anticancer effect of ginkgetin was illustrated in a xenograft nude mouse model. Ginkgetin induced autophagic cell death in A549 cells, and this effect was markedly reversed by chemical and genetic approaches. Ginkgetin showed potential binding affinity to p62. Upregulation of p62 through chemical and genetic means decreased cell death, lysosome acidification, and autophagosome formation, which consequently disrupted autolysosome formation. In addition, the decreased autophagy induced by p62 overexpression increased Nrf2/ARE activity and the oxygen consumption rate and decreased on formation of reactive oxygen species. These phenomena were exhibited in a reciprocal manner when p62 was knocked down. Thus, p62 may be a potential target in ginkgetin-induced autophagic cell death, and ginkgetin could be developed as a novel anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shu Lou
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Chuan Bi
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gallant K L Chan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chau-Wing Wong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Chang J, Li Y, Wang X, Hu S, Wang H, Shi Q, Wang Y, Yang Y. Polyphyllin I suppresses human osteosarcoma growth by inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7605. [PMID: 28790389 PMCID: PMC5548759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents. In spite of aggressive treatment, osteosarcoma has a high mortality rate with minimal improvements in survival over past few decades. Polyphyllin I (PPI), a component in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Paris polyphylla Smith, has been shown to have anti-tumor properties. However, its mechanism as an anti-osteosarcoma agent has not been well elucidated. In this study, we found that PPI suppressed osteosarcoma cell viability, arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase, induced apoptosis and inhibited invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, PPI significantly suppressed intratibial primary tumor growth in xenograft orthotopic mouse model without any obvious side effects. These therapeutic efficacies were associated with inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as PPI treatment decreased the amount of p-GSK-3β, leading to down-regulated levels of active β-catenin. PPI induced inhibition of osteosarcoma cell viability was abolished upon addition of GSK-3β specific inhibitor, CHIR99021, while PPI induced inhibition of osteosarcoma cell viability and migration were potentiated by β-catenin silencing. These findings suggested that, in vitro and in vivo, PPI treatment inhibited osteosarcoma, at least in part, via the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, PPI could serve a novel therapeutic option for osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yimian Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shaopu Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongshen Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key laboratory of theory and therapy of muscles and bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Coventon J. A review of the mechanism of action and clinical applications of sorafenib in advanced osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2017; 8:4-7. [PMID: 28828294 PMCID: PMC5552021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the contemporary literature regarding sorafenib and its effectiveness as a novel treatment in advanced osteosarcoma. BACKGROUND Modern treatment has seen the cure rate of osteosarcoma increase to 65%. However, in patients who do not achieve remission, prognosis is poor, as there are no effective, consensual second line therapies. Sorafenib has emerged as a potentially viable drug to be used in this context. METHOD A literature review was conducted evaluating articles pertaining to osteosarcoma and sorafenib. DISCUSSION Clinical studies were prioritised, but preclinical data was also evaluated to elaborate on mechanisms and potential targets for the future. Limitations of the review and data were explored. CONCLUSION In isolation, sorafenib was shown to only provide brief clinical benefit due to various described mechanisms. However, when combined with other drugs that addressed its weaknesses or other aspects of the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma, it proved to be effective in reducing disease progression in a variety of advanced cases. Further investigation into the use of sorafenib in combination therapy is needed. Specifically, the combination of sorafenib with denosumab has displayed potential to be an effective future treatment for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Coventon
- James Cook University, College of Medicine and Dentistry, 1 James Cook Drive, Douglas, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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44
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Abstract
There are few treatment options for patients with unresectable or refractory hepatoblastoma which has failed to respond to the standard treatment. The rarity of the disease and lack of experimental materials have hampered the development of new treatments. In this study, the collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib, and other drugs, in relapsed hepatoblastoma tumor tissues. Tumor samples from 6 patients with relapsed hepatoblastoma were tested for drug sensitivity by the collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test; evaluable results were obtained from 5 of them. All samples were judged to be sensitive to sorafenib with a 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.5 to 3.1 μg/mL. Sunitinib did not achieve IC50 in 2 of 3 samples within the tested concentration range based on clinically observed serum concentrations. In the drug combination assay using a hepatoblastoma cell line, sorafenib showed synergistic effects with SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan. Our results provide the basic science background warranting future clinical trials of a combination of sorafenib and irinotecan for relapsed or refractory hepatoblastoma.
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45
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Hu C, Chen X, Wen J, Gong L, Liu Z, Wang J, Liang J, Hu F, Zhou Q, Wei L, Shen Y, Zhang W. Antitumor effect of focal adhesion kinase inhibitor PF562271 against human osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1347-1356. [PMID: 28406574 PMCID: PMC5497929 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) overexpression is related to invasive and metastatic properties in different kinds of cancers. Target therapy by inhibiting FAK has achieved promising effect in some cancer treatments, but its effect in human osteosarcoma has not been well studied. In the present study, we analyzed the antitumor efficacy of PF562271, an FAK inhibitor, against osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylated FAK (Y397) was highly expressed in primary human osteosarcoma tumor samples and was associated with osteosarcoma prognosis and lung metastasis. PF562271 greatly suppressed proliferation and colony formation in human osteosarcoma cell lines. In addition, treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines with PF562271 induced apoptosis and downregulated the activity of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. PF562271 also impaired the tube formation ability of endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, oral treatment with PF562271 in mice dramatically reduced tumor volume, weight, and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. These results indicate that FAK inhibitor PF562271 can potentially be effectively used for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Xinrui Hospital, Wuxi Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Junxiang Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangzhi Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuochao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangqiong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhui Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Schaffrath J, Schmoll HJ, Voigt W, Müller LP, Müller-Tidow C, Mueller T. Efficacy of targeted drugs in germ cell cancer cell lines with differential cisplatin sensitivity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178930. [PMID: 28591197 PMCID: PMC5462387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common malignancies in men between the age of 15 and 35. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy is highly effective in advanced disease, approximately 20% of patients have an unfavorable prognosis due to primary or acquired cisplatin resistance. For these patients, new therapeutic options are urgently needed. In numerous tumor entities, combinations of monoclonal antibodies or kinase inhibitors with chemotherapy exerted promising preclinical or clinical results, which have led to new treatment concepts. This prompted us to investigate the activity of different targeted agents alone or in combination with cisplatin in a panel of TGCT cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schaffrath
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schmoll
- Workgroup Clinical Studies in Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wieland Voigt
- Medical Innovations and Management, Innovation in Oncology, Steinbeis University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz P. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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47
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Zhao ZX, Li X, Liu WD, Liu XZ, Wu SJ, Hu XH. Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Tumor in Nude Mice after Intraperitoneal Injection of Bevacizumab. Orthop Surg 2017; 8:234-40. [PMID: 27384733 PMCID: PMC6593177 DOI: 10.1111/os.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, on angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma of nude mice. Methods Twenty‐one nude mice were inoculated with red fluorescent protein (RFP)‐labeled human osteosarcoma cell line 143B‐RFP, that is, clones that expressed RFP in the cytoplasm, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: G1 (Control group, injected with saline solution); G2 (intraperitoneal bevacizumab 2 mg/kg twice per week) and G3 (intraperitoneal bevacizumab 5 mg/kg, twice per week). The tumor‐bearing mice were examined in a fluorescence light box that was illuminated periodically. The primary tumors were measured by fluorescence imaging weekly and their volumes calculated. Results The mean tumor volumes were significantly smaller in the G3 (186.4 ± 100.8 mm3) than the control group (587.0 ± 406.8 mm3) (P < 0.05) on Day 31, and again significantly smaller in the G3 (677.3 ± 461.9 mm3) than the control group (3162.6 ± 1529.2 mm3) on Day 38 (P < 0.01). The average tumor volume in the G2 group was 493.5 ± 425.4 mm3 on Day 31 and 1870.1 ± 1524.8 mm3 on Day 38. The effect on tumor volume was greater in the G3 than the G2 group. Three mice in the G2 group, four in the G3 group and four in the control group developed lung metastases that were confirmed by pathological examination; these differences were not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions Bevacizumab exhibits strong antiangiogenesis activity in experimental osteosarcoma in a nude mouse model but does not influence the incidence of lung metastasis. Our findings may have considerable potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xue Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Wei-Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Jia Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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48
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Yang J, Samsel PA, Narov K, Jones A, Gallacher D, Gallacher J, Sampson JR, Shen MH. Combination of Everolimus with Sorafenib for Solid Renal Tumors in Tsc2 +/- Mice Is Superior to Everolimus Alone. Neoplasia 2017; 19:112-120. [PMID: 28092822 PMCID: PMC5238457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an inherited tumor syndrome caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 that lead to aberrant activation of mTOR and development of tumors in multiple organs including the kidneys. The mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and everolimus (rapalogs) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating TSC-associated tumors including renal angiomyolipomas. However, tumor responses are usually only partial, and regrowth occurs after drug withdrawal. TSC-associated tumors are highly vascular, and TSC patients with renal angiomyolipomas have elevated levels of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and VEGFD. Sorafenib inhibits multiple kinases including VEGF receptors and has been used to treat metastatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma in one case, but formal trials have not been undertaken. In this study, we investigated tumor angiogenesis and the therapeutic efficacy of everolimus in combination with sorafenib for renal tumors in Tsc2+/− mice. We found that these tumors exhibited remarkably variable angiogenesis despite consistent aberrant activation of mTOR and increased expression of HIF1α and VEGFA. Treatment of 11-month-old Tsc2+/− mice for 2 months with a combination of everolimus and sorafenib significantly reduced the number and size of solid renal tumors, whereas everolimus or sorafenib alone did not. These results suggest that inhibition of mTOR and multiple kinases including VEGF receptors using combination therapy could hold promise for the treatment of TSC-associated tumors that have responded inadequately to a rapalog alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Paulina A Samsel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kalin Narov
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ashley Jones
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Daniel Gallacher
- Warwick CTU, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ming Hong Shen
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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49
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Ling S, Song L, Fan N, Feng T, Liu L, Yang X, Wang M, Li Y, Tian Y, Zhao F, Liu Y, Huang Q, Hou Z, Xu F, Shi L, Li Y. Combination of metformin and sorafenib suppresses proliferation and induces autophagy of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting the mTOR pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:297-309. [PMID: 27959383 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi‑kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only drug for which randomized control trials have shown improved patient survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, life expectancy is extended in these cases by only a few months. The anti‑type II diabetes agent metformin was used in this study in an effort to find a more efficient approach to HCC treatment. Sorafenib effectively reversed the activation status of mTORC2 induced by metformin and enhanced the suppression of the mTORC1 and MAPK pathway by metformin in HCC cells, which may be responsible for reduced proliferation upon combined treatment. The metformin and sorafenib combination led to increased impaired proliferation and tumor inhibition of HCC in vitro and in vivo compared to single agent, which was partially bridged by disrupting the mTORC1/mTORC2 feedback loop. Metformin and sorafenib cooperated to promote apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy sensitized HCC cells to metformin and sorefenib‑induced apoptotic cell death. Therefore, the anti‑autophagy treatment should be considered in metformin and sorafenib-based treatments in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Intergrative Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qihong Huang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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50
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Jiang S, Wang Q, Feng M, Li J, Guan Z, An D, Dong M, Peng Y, Kuerban K, Ye L. C2-ceramide enhances sorafenib-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk signaling pathways in HCC cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1535-1546. [PMID: 27807662 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib as an effective multikinase inhibitor has been approved for the clinical treatment against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC treatment requires usually combined therapy because of its complex pathogenesis. Ceramide has been confirmed to induce remarkable apoptosis in human tumor cells and has attracted increasing attention in investigations on combination therapy. In this paper, the anti-HCC effect of sorafenib combined with C2-ceramide was investigated on cell vitality, apoptosis, and migration, and the underlying mechanism was examined using flow cytometry and western blot. Bel7402 cells coincubated with sorafenib and C2-ceramide exhibited lower cell vitality and more irregular cellular morphology and cell cycle arrest. Sorafenib plus C2-ceramide stimulated significantly the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial depolarization, which promoted caspases-dependent cell apoptosis as illustrated by related protein expression including caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochrome c. Combination treatment of sorafenib and C2-ceramide inhibited obviously cell growth and proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk signaling pathways. Furthermore, the combination treatment was proved to inhibit cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings indicated that the combination of C2-ceramide and sorafenib provided synergistic inhibitory effects on HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongbin Guan
- Shanghai Institute For Food And Drug Control, Shanghai, China
| | - Duopeng An
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhe Peng
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kudelaidi Kuerban
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Biosynthesis and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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